Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 2079 975178 973413 2026-11-02T15:11:42Z Najeebyusuf 45048 /* Support */ 975178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma/Header}} == Neman Ra’ayi kan Sabon Proposal: Inganta Hausa Wikiquote == Assalamu alaikum al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia, Ina so na sanar da ku cewa na gabatar da wani proposal a shirin tallafin (Nigeria National Funding Program) domin inganta aikin Hausa Wikiquote wanda yake a Incubator tun a shekarar 2022 amma har yanzu ba a amince da shi a matsayin cikakken Wikimedia project ba. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 18:26, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ===Support=== == Buƙatar Sake Amincewa da Ni a Matsayin Admin == Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Bayan cikar wa’adin watanni shida na hidimatawa a matsayin Admin na Hausa Wikimedians User Group kamar yadda tsarin ƙungiya ya tanada, ina miƙa buƙatata ga al’umma domin a sake duba yiwuwar ba ni wannan dama na wani sabon zango. Ina da ƙuduri da niyyar ci gaba da ba da gudummawata domin bunƙasa Hausa Wikipedia tare da kiyaye gaskiya, adalci da haɗin kai. Ina roƙon al’umma da su sake ba ni amincewa domin ci gaba da hidima. Na gode da lokacinku da kulawarku. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 13:29, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] na amince sosai tare da goyan baya akan wannan kudiri me kyau [[User:Hauwau sulaiman|Hauwau sulaiman]] ([[User talk:Hauwau sulaiman|talk]]) 20:51, 24 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) === Support === :@[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]]na amince domin kawo cigaba a wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 15:03, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) :na amince don ka cigaba da muhimmiyar aiki da ka faro wata shida da suka wuce. Allah ya kara basira da kwarin gwiwa [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 17:07, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) *Ina goyon baya sosai, hakan ƙarin ci gaba ne a Hausa Wikipedia.[[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 13:41, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) * Ina goyon baya sosai akan hakan. Wannan cigaba ne ga Hausa Wikipedia gaba ɗaya [[User:Hauwau sulaiman|Hauwau sulaiman]] ([[User talk:Hauwau sulaiman|talk]]) 13:52, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) * Ina goyon bata dari bisa dari [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 20:56, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) *Ina goyon baya saboda wannan edita ya sake zama admin saboda ya cancanta kuma sake ba shi wannan damar zai ƙara haɓaka maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 20:26, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Sanarwa da Neman Goyon Baya == Barka da wannan lokaci Ina fatan kuna lafiya, zanyi amfani da wannan damar domin in sanar daku cewa muna shirin gudanar da campaign mai take "Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia should have", idan Allah ya yarda. Dan haka muke sanar daku tare da neman shawarar ku. Wannan campaign din zai kawo cigaba a ɓangaren ƙirƙira tare da inganta muƙalu da ake buƙata a Hausa Wikipedia. Nagode [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 05:43, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Allah ya bada nasara ya kuma sa a cimma manufa [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 07:11, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Support Hakan na da Karanci dan haka wannan abu me kyau ne kwarai kuma muna goyon bayan Allah ya bada saa [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.206.75|105.112.206.75]] 09:18, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :* support Allah ya bada saa muna goyon baya :[[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 09:20, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Enah goyan bayanka [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] domin wanan campaign din zai kawo mana cigaba a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 10:47, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) '''Support''' Hakika wannan wani ci gaba be muna goyan baya dari Bisa dari domin cigaban al'uumar wikipedia Baki daya [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 07:38, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) '''Support''' hakan yayi kuma yana da kyau, Allah ya bada sa'a da nasara akai [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 08:25, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) [[User:Mahmud maby|Mahmud maby]] ([[User talk:Mahmud maby|talk]]) Support Hakika wannan wani ci gaba be muna goyan baya dari Bisa dari domin cigaan al'uumar wikipedia Baki daya mahmud maby (talk) 12:05 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan haka dari bisa dari domin zai kawo ci gaba sosae a Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 13:31, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) ''' Support''' Ina goyon bayan yin hakan Allah ya tabbatar da alkhari. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 15:06, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan wannan fatan Allah ya ba da Nasara [[User:Mamman Ali|Mamman Ali]] ([[User talk:Mamman Ali|talk]]) 21:23, 24 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ~~Ina goyan bayan hakan Allah ytabbatar da Alkairi~~ == Hausa Community Streets vox pop campaign== Barkan kuda wannan lokacin. Ina mai farin cikin sanar daku cewa. muna shishirye shiryen kawo muku campaign Wanda zaiyi hira da mutanen arewacin nigeria akan yadda suka san Wikipedia da kuma yadda suma zasu fara gyara a cikinta. inda zaayi vidiyo din interview din a watsa a duniyar yanar gizo domin kowa ya gani kuma ya iya anfani dashi. a matsayina na content creator mai tasowa wannan damace sosai gamu hausawa baki daya. muna goyan bayanku zuwa wannan lokaci. mungode. [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 08:04, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) #[[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) 11:36, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Muna goyon bayan wannan kamfe saboda shine na farko a wannan manhaja ta Hausa, hakika zai kawo cigaba ga jama'a. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 07:39, 29 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) Sanarwa da Neman Goyan baya [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) 11:50, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == WikiAcademics - Fadada Wikimedia a Jami'o'in Arewacin Najeriya == Assalamu alaikum, Kungiyar Hadaka Open Learning Network tana jagorantar wani aikin tallafi na Wikimedia Community Fund mai taken '''WikiAcademics''': Fadada Wikimedia a Jami’o’in Arewacin Najeriya". Manufar aikin: * Ƙarfafa ɗalibai da malaman jami’o’i su shiga aikin Wikipedia. * Samar da horo da koyarwa domin bunkasa rubuce-rubuce a Hausa Wikipedia. Cikakken bayani da aikace-aikace [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/WikiAcademics:Expanding_Wikimedia_in_Northern_Nigerian_Universities_(ID:_23544402) Na Nan]. Ku shiga, ku bada ra’ayi, ku taimaka wajen bunƙasa ilimi! '''Hadaka Open Learning Network''' == Hausa Vital Articles III – Sabon Shiri don Inganta Hausa Wikipedia == Sannunku masu ba da gudunmawa. Ina farin cikin sanar da al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia cewa, mun miƙa ƙarin wani shiri mai taken "Hausa Vital Articles III" ga Nigeria National Funding Program. Wannan shiri ne na cigaba daga inda muka tsaya a ayyukanmu na baya, wanda manufarsa ita ce mu ci gaba da haɓaka da kuma inganta muƙaloli (articles) masu matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin Hausa Wikipedia. Manufarmu ita ce mu tabbatar da cewa Hausa Wikipedia ta samu matsayin da ya kamata ta hanyar samar da ingantattun bayanai ga masu karatu. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 11:30, 8 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) === Sanarwa da neman goyon baya === Assalamu alaikum yan uwa da abokan arziki editoci na Hausa Wikipedia. Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku tare da neman goyon baya da shawarwari game da wani Rapid Grant mai taken '''Preserving Bauchi’s History and Culture Through Reliable Knowledge Creation on Wikimedia.''' da nake nema. Manufar wannan aiki ita ce tattara da rubuta tarihi da al'adu game da abinda ya shafi Bauchi da ta hanyar inganta tsofaffin muƙaloli da ƙirƙirar sabbin, bayanai, da hotuna a kan dandalan Wikimedia. Wannan zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa tarihi da al’adun Bauchi sun samu tsari kuma sun kasance a bude ga kowa a duniya. [[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 06:58, 28 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Green in Northern Nigeria: Documenting Hausa Native Plants On Wikimedia Commons Through Photo Walks == Assalamualaikum Ina maku Barka da wannan lokaci ƴan uwa editors da kuma shuwagabannin wannan manhaja ta Hausa Wikimedis tare da fatan kowa yana lafiya amin. Bayan haka, ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa zamu shirya wani proposal mai taken:'''Wiki Green in Northern Nigeria: Documenting Hausa Native Plants On Wikimedia Commons Through Photo Walks''' da fatan zamu samu shawarwarin ku da kuma goyon bayan ku, harda ma gyare-gyaren ku. @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 08:19, 30 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) ==Hausa Wiktionary Harmonization and Community Initiative Activities== Barkan mu,ina mai farin cikin gayyatarku zuwa wurin shirin dazamu gudanar na cigaban aikin mu dan habaka Hausa Wiktionary ta hanyar inganta kalmomi wanda ya kunshi daura hoto,daura Audio da wasu sabbin ayyuka ma kamar su Synonym da Anagrams.[[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 23:20, 30 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] An fidda lokaci da wuri? [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 09:40, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC) ::Yanzu hakadai project din yana under review,kome ake ciki zamu sanar daku nan gaba. [[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 13:36, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC) :::Ok nayi zatan har funding anyi, naji kace "gayyata". Na fahimta yanzu. Kamar neman goyon baya kenan ko? To Allah ya tabbatar da hakan ina goyon baya. [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 13:40, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC) ::::Ga link din discussion page domin nuna goyon baya:https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants_talk:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/Hausa_Wiktionary_Harmonization_and_Community_Initiative_Activities_(ID:_23550226)&action=edit&redlink=1. Nagode [[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 12:20, 4 Satumba 2025 (UTC) == Sanarwa akan biki zagayowar shekara ta wikidata == Barkan mu da war haka. Ina mai farin chikin sanar da jama'ar wannan tafiya ta wikipedia Hausa cewa muna kokarin kaddamar da bukata na neman tallafi don gudanar da wayar da kai akan wikidata a Adamawa da kuma Nasarawa dafatan Allah ya bamu nasara Amin. [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 01:48, 31 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == Wikipedia Voice For All == Barkan ku da wannan lokacin. Inama editocin Hausa fatan Alkhairi. nazo na sanar daku cewa muna shirye shiryen kawo muku campaign na mata a Wikipedia Hausa saboda haryanzu mun rasa kwararrun editoci mata a shafin mu, wanda idan muka duba wasu shafin Wikipedia zamuga yadda mata suke taka rawar gani sosai. da fatan wannan taro namu me taken Wikipedia Voice For All zai kawo cigaba ga matan mu editors. nagode [[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 22:59, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan wannan shirin saboda karfafa mata akan ayyukan Wikipedia da kuma samun kwararrun editoci mata da masu wakilci ta bangaren mata. Allah ya bada Sa'a. [[User:Jidda3711|Jidda3711]] ([[User talk:Jidda3711|talk]]) 21:06, 6 Satumba 2025 (UTC) '''Support''' Ina goyon bayan wannan yunƙuri na karfafa muradin mata da bayyana tarihin su a Wikipedia. Na jima da ganin yadda gudummawar mata ke ƙaranci a cikin babbar kundin ilimi na duniya. Lokaci ya yi da za a gyara hakan. Allah ya Bada sa'a [[User:Saudarh2|Saudarh2]] ([[User talk:Saudarh2|talk]]) 21:03, 6 Satumba 2025 (UTC) == Global discussion on Welcome messages == <div lang{{=}}"en" dir{{=}}"ltr">Sorry that this message is in English. {{int:please-translate}}. There is a request for comment at [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests for comment/Welcoming policy]] on a proposal to forbid sending [[:m:welcome messages|welcome messages]] to users who have not made an edit, which is currently in practice at your wiki. Your comment on this matter would be appreciated.</div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:38, 13 Satumba 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for reaching out, the welcome messags sent by new user have Tutorials on it, for new users it's better for them know how to edit on our Wiki first before practicing it in order to avoid violations. :Thank you @[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] for reaching out. The welcome messages sent to new users contain tutorials. For new users, it's better for them to learn how to edit on our wiki first before practicing, in order to avoid violations. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 09:29, 13 Satumba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:DreamRimmer/MMS_list&oldid=29262336 --> == Murnar zagayowar Shakarar Wikidata a Gombe Network == Assalamu alaikum Muna farin cikin sanar da ku cewa Gombe Network zata yi murnar zagayowar shekarar wikidata ta goma sha uku, kuma muna so mu yi amfani da wanna rana don fassara abubuwan wikidata zuwa yaren Hausa. Muna neman fatan alkhairi da kuma shwawarwari daga wannan alummah mai albarka. mun gode [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 17:00, 15 Satumba 2025 (UTC) == Mai sauya uwar garken - Za a karanta wiki-kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci nan ba da daɗewa ba == <section begin="server-switch" /><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Karanta wannan saƙon a wani yaren]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] za'a gwada chanji tsakanin cibiyoyin bayanai na farko dana sakandare. Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa Wikipedia da sauran wikis na wikimedia na iya tsayuwa akan yanar gizo koda bayan wata ruɗani Duk zirga-zirga za su kunna '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|ha}}'''. Gwajin zai fara daga karfe '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Abin takaici, saboda wasu iyakoki na cikin [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], dole a dakata da duk gyararraki dole ne a yayin da muke yin sauyin. Muna neman afuwa game da wannan tsaiko, kuma muna aiki don raguwarsa nan gaba. Za a nuna wata tuta a kowace wikis mintina 30 kafin wannan aikin ya faru. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Zaka iya karantawa, amma banda gyara, a duka wikis na wani ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci.''' *Ba za ku iya yin wani gyara ba har na tsawon awa ɗaya a ranar {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|ha}}. *Idan kayi ƙoƙarin gyara ko ajiyewa awannan lokacin, zaku ga saƙon kuskure. Muna fatan cewa babu gyara da za ayi asara awannan lokacin, amma ba za mu iya tabbatar muku ba. Idan ka ga sakon kuskuren, to don Allah a jira har komai ya koma daidai. Sannan ne zaku samu damar adana gyaran ku. Amma, muna ba da shawara cewa ku kwafe canje-canjen ku tun daga farko, idan da hali. ''Wasu sakamakon'': *Ayyukan bango zasu Kasance a hankalu kuma wasu za'a iya ajiye su. Tana iya kasancewa hanyoyin hadin masu kalar-ja ba zasu dawo ba da sauri kamar yadda aka saba. Idan ka kirkiri labarin da aka riga aka danganta shi a wani wuri, hanyar hadi zata zauna a kalar-ja fiye da yadda aka saba. Dole ne a tsaida duk wasu rubutuka masu daɗewa * Muna sa ran tura lambar za ta faru kamar kowane mako. Koyaya, wasu daskarewar lamba-by-case na iya faruwa akan lokaci idan aikin ya buƙaci su daga baya. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] ba zai kasance ba na kusan mintuna 90. Ana iya jinkirta wannan aikin dangane da yadda hali ya bada Za ka iya karanta tsarin a [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Za a sanar da duk wanu canji na wannan jadawalin. '''Ayi kokarin yadda wannan bayanin tare ga jama'ar ku.'''</div><section end="server-switch" /> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:41, 18 Satumba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == Neman Ci Gaba Da Zama Mai Gudanarwa == Assalamu alaikum yan’uwa masu bada gudunmawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Hakika ina daga cikin masu gudanarwa (administrators) a shafin Hausa Wikipedia, kuma ga shi wa'adin gudanarwata yana dab da ƙarewa, hakan ta sanya make fatan ci gaba da wannan aiki domin kula da tsari, tsafta, da kuma kare wannan shafi daga duk wani abin da zai iya kawo cikas ga ci gabansa. Saboda haka nake neman goyon bayan ku da amincewar ku domin in ci gaba da zama mai gudanarwa (administrator). Goyon bayan ku da shawarwarin ku suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni da kuma al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia gaba ɗaya. Na gode. [[User:A Sulaiman Z|A Sulaiman Z]] ([[User talk:A Sulaiman Z|talk]]) 22:42, 26 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * :Ina bada goyon baya dari bisa dari [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 05:35, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * :'''Support''' Ina mai bayyana goyon bayana a bisa ci gaba da kasancewrsa admin a Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:A&#39;isha A Ibrahim|A&#39;isha A Ibrahim]] ([[User talk:A&#39;isha A Ibrahim|talk]]) 13:40, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * '''Support''' hakika ka kasa ce edita mai bada gudummawa sosai a Hausa Wikipedia, dan haka sake baka wannan damar wata babbar nasara ce ga shafin Hausa Wikipedia na bunƙasa shi, dan haka ina goyon baya [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 04:54, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * '''Support''' Tabbas Ina goyon bayan ka sake kasancewa Admin a karo na biyu. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 07:52, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * '''Support''' Ina goyon baya sosai domin cigaba da kula da ayyukan editici da kuma kawo cigaba wajan gyara ayyukan da suka saɓa ƙa'ida. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 12:11, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * '''Support''' Ina matukar goyon bayan wannan shawara ta sake zama Admin a Hausa Wikipedia,sabi da ka kasance cikakken mai bada gudunmawa a Wikimedia baki daya don haka ina goyon bayan.[[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 13:16, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * Lallai wannan edita jajirtaccen ne wurin bada gudunmawa a wannan shafi na Wikipedia da sauran ƴan uwanta, ina goyon bayan ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai gudanarwa a wannan shafi '''Support''' [[User:Hamza DK|Hamza DK]] ([[User talk:Hamza DK|talk]]) * Ina goyan bayan samun wannan dama a karo na biyu. Hakan karin jawo cigaba ne ga Hausawa Wikipedia. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) * '''Support''' ina goyan bayan ka dan sake zama Admin saboda irin gudummawar da kake bayarwa.[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 05:20, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *:Ina bada goyan baya akan ka zama mai gudanarwa saboda irin jajircewa da kuma gudunmawa da kake badawa a manhajar Wikipedia musamman a bangaren yaren Hausa. [[User:Captain1044|Captain1044]] ([[User talk:Captain1044|talk]]) 11:46, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Neman Goyon Bayan Zama Mai Gudanarwa (Administrator) == Salam, Dafatan kuna lafiya Yan uwa. ina mai neman goyon bayanku. na kasance mai gyara gyare a Wikipedia musan man ta Hausa tun 2019. inada sha'awar gyare gyare musan man akan abunda ya shafi ka'idojin rubutu, gaba dake tsakanin rubutu, saka manazarta da kuma gyara fassarori zuwa ga tabbacciyar ingantaciyar rubutu wanda za'a iya karantawa. Ina neman goyon bayanku. nagode. [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 13:15, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :* '''Strongly Support SS ''' [[User:Omoty77|Omoty77]] ([[User talk:Omoty77|talk]]) 04:09, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :*:Gaskiya enah goyon bayan [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] kazama Admin sabo da ɗadewan da kayi kana bada gudunmawa a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 07:05, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :* '''Support''', ƙwararren edita ne kuma yana da kishi. Ina goyon bayan zaman sa admin. :[[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 18:53, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Walaikumus Salam ɗan uwa. Ni [[User:Umar-askira| Umar-askira]] ina goyon bayan wannan editan ya zama admin a Hausa Wikipedia. Fatan alkhairi [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 13:34, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Ina go yan baya dari bisa dari. Saboda mun yaba da yanda yake jajircewa wajen wayan ma sababbin editors Kai da kuma basu gudun mawa wajen basu Illumin da yakamata wajen yin ingan tacen editing yada yakamata. ([[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] ([[User talk:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|talk]]) 20:33, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)) * '''Support''' Gaskiya ina goyon bayan ka dan zama Admin dari bisa dari domin gudummawar da kake badawa a wikipedia.[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 04:25, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) * '''Support''' Tabbas wannan babban edita ya cancanci ya zama edita domin ya daɗe yana bada gudummawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia, sannan yana da gurin bunƙasa maƙalolin shafin Hausa Wikipedia, bashi wannan damar wata babbar nasara ce gare mu baki ɗaya na cigaba da bunƙasa shafin Hausa Wikipedia, dan Haka ina goyon baya [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 05:41, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' ƙwararren edita ne da ya daɗe yana bada gudummowa. Ina goyon bayan zaman sa admin.[[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 11:00, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) * {{s}} Tabbas Hausa Wikipedia na bukatan kwararrun editoci wanda suka dade suna bada gudummawa da jajircewa wajen kawo cigaba a wannan shafi. Saboda haka ina goyon bayan haka.[[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 11:21, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *:* ''' Support''' Ina goyan bayan bama wannan editan admin ganin dacewar shi da kuma dadewar shi yana bada gudunmawa *:[[User:Sadauki11|Sadauki11]] ([[User talk:Sadauki11|talk]]) 14:20, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Neman Zama Admin karo na biyu == Assalam, da fatan kuna lafiya. Ina mai neman goyon bayanku akan sabunta wa'adin zama Admin a karo na biyu domin kula da nagartaccin ayyuka da kuma tankaɗe ayyuka masu kyau. Nagode.. Bissalam. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 13:36, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Support ina mai goyon bayan haka 100% duba da irin koqsrin dakake na ganin an inganta muqalu da jajircewa gurin koyarda sabbin editors [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 05:24, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :*'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan hakan sosai domin inganta hausa Wikipedia. Tabbas hakan zai kawo ci gaba [[User:Najeebbabi|Najeebbabi]] ([[User talk:Najeebbabi|talk]]) 13:42, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Ina goyon baya 100% domin jajirtaccen aikin da kakeyi a matsayin mai gudanarwa. [[User:Moherhh|Moherhh]] ([[User talk:Moherhh|talk]]) 13:47, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Ina goyon baya saboda jajircewa da kwazo na wannan edita. *Support [[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 15:19, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)Ina goyon bayan hakan saboda kwazo da jajircewa wannan editan *'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan hakan dari bisa dari *'''Support'''' Ina goyon baya [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 15:51, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *’’’Support’’’ Ina Goyan bayan hakan Dari bisa dari saboda hazaka da jajircewar wannan editan *'''Support''': Tabbas ina goyon bayan sake kasancewarka mai gudanarwa saboda irin jajircewarka wajen ganin an tsaftace shafin Hausa Wikipedia daga dukkan wani koma baya. [[User:A Sulaiman Z|A Sulaiman Z]] ([[User talk:A Sulaiman Z|talk]]) 19:33, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :*'''Support''' support 100% [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 09:53, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' ina goyan bayan sosai, domin cigaba da ciyar da Hausa Wikipedia gaba. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) == Ku fadi ra'ayinku: zaben 2025 Kwamitin Amintattu == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Barkan mu, Lokacin jefa ƙuri'a na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Zaɓen Kwamitin Amintattu]] ya buɗe. 'Yan takara na neman kujeru biyu (2) a Kwamitin. Don duba cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a, da fatan za a ziyarci [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|shafin cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a]]. Ƙara koyo game da su ta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|karanta bayanan aikace-aikacen su da kallon bidiyon takararsu]]. Lokacin da kun shirya, ku je zuwa [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|shafin zabe na SecurePoll don kada kuri'a]]. '''Za a buɗe zaɓe daga 8 ga Oktoba a 00:00 UTC zuwa Oktoba 22 a 23:59 UTC.''' Gaisuwa mafi kyau, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Shugaba, Kwamitin Zabe<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:48, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:42, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == Sanarwa tare da neman goyon baya == Ƴan'uwa masu daraja dafatan kuna lafiya, inaso nayi amfani da wannan damar domin na shaida maku muna shirin gudanar da taron Wiki Loves Africa 2026 In Kebbi and Niger insha Allah, muna neman goyon bayan ku tare da haɗin kai da kuma shawarwarin da kuke ganin ya dace nagode. [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 04:55, 21 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Kakaranta muƙalar da ƙyau kafin ka wallafa ta == Assallamu'alaikum malam [[User:Mahmud maby|Mahmud maby]] Sannu da ƙokari kalura da abin da kake fassarawa kafin ka wallafa, wanan muƙalan mai suna [[Labarin inganci abinci na Tarayyar Turai: Tarihin sauye-sauyen]] bata da Ma'ana ko ƙadan kaje ka inganta ta dan Allah in koma baga inganta ta ba zan gogeta nan da kwana biyu nagode [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 14:00, 22 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikifunctions will be deployed on your wiki on 2025-11-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hi all, we want to let you know that [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] is coming to your project soon! When enabled, you will be able to call functions from your project, and integrate them in your articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output. Think of adding up two numbers, or converting miles into metres, or calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. This is usually done with templates that are complicated to create or to import. With Wikifunctions, you will be able to do this with just a couple of clicks! Please check out [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|these tutorials]] for more details. You’re also invited to [[:f:Special:CreateObject|create functions]] that you find useful, or [[:f:Wikifunctions:Suggest a function|ask for help from the Wikifunctions community]]. We would like to invite you to contribute to Wikifunctions, by translating the existing functions labels into your language, so that more users in your community can more easily reuse them on the project. You can also translate the messages for the Wikifunctions interface on TranslateWiki ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-wikilambda-ve&filter=%21translated&action=translate here for VisualEditor messages], and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-wikilambda-user&filter=%21translated&action=translate here for the Wikifunctions interface proper]). Of course, we are happy to help in case there are questions or difficulties, and we are ready to listen to your feedback. Please ping me directly in case of necessity or reach out to me [[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|on my talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> --[[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:22, 29 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Hi all, unfortunately due to a technical problem we couldn't deploy Wikifunctions on your project. We will keep you updated about the next date of deployment. Thanks for your comprehension! [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:57, 6 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=29517140 --> == Neman masu sa kai don shiga da dama daga cikin kwamitocin motsi. == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kowace shekara, yawanci daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba, da yawa daga cikin kwamitocin motsi suna neman sabbin masu sa kai. Kara karantawa game da kwamitocin akan shafukansu na Meta-wiki: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Kwamitin Alaƙa (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Hukumar Ombuds (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Kwamitin Binciken Harka (CRC)]] Aikace-aikacen kwamitocin suna buɗe 30 Oktoba 2025. Aikace-aikace don Kwamitin Alaƙa, da kuma aikace-aikacen Hukumar Ombuds kuma Kwamitin Binciken Harka ya rufe 11 Disamba 2025. Koyi yadda ake nema ta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|ziyartar shafin alƙawari akan Meta-wiki]]. Aika zuwa shafin magana ko imel cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org tare da kowace tambaya da kuke da ita. Ga Tawagar Taimakon Kwamitin, <section end="announcement-content" /> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Sanarwa da neman goyon baya ko shawara == Assalamu Alaikum, Yan'uwa editocin Wikipedia, dafatan kuna lafiya, ina amfani da wannan damar domin na sanar da ku shirin mu na Wikipedia birthday @ 25 karkashin Kaduna Network, shirin zai taimaka wajen bunƙasa wasu daga cikin makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da sauran su, dafatan zaku bamu goyon baya da haɗin kai [[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 19:10, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Duplicate articles == Hello, this would be entirely in English as I do not speak or understand Hausa. These two articles are about the same topic, and I think they could be merged together: [[Ganuwar Benin]] and [[Benin Moat]]. I will suggest merging the contents of [[Ganuwar Benin]] into [[Benin Moat]] or whichever works best. Pinging editors who I think could handle this, anyone else could: {{ping|Uncle Bash007|Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Gwanki|Pharouqenr}} Thank you, and happy editing! [[User:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] ([[User talk:Vanderwaalforces|talk]]) 07:18, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Thank you @[[User:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] i have noticed it, and [[Ganuwar Benin]] is more reliable than [[Benin Moat]]. So i have deleted [[Benin Moat]] now. And thank you for reaching out and wishing you all the best. :<nowiki></nowiki> [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 07:30, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] You could redirect [[Benin Moat]] to [[Ganuwar Benin]], since it is more or less the English name, instead of nuking it entirely. ::Happy editing! [[User:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] ([[User talk:Vanderwaalforces|talk]]) 07:31, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Sanarwa, akan Zamar Karshen shekara a Gombe Network == Muna sanar da jama'ar mu chewa Wikimedia User Group Nigeria, Gombe Network, tana kokarin neman tallafi na gudanar da zaman karshen shekara don kara sanayya da fihimta game da shiryeshiryen mu na shekara mai zuwa [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 21:36, 14 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) == Neman admin akaro na biyu == {{Atop|Akwai goyon baya –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 20:21, 22 Disamba 2025 (UTC)}} Ina neman goyon bayanku domkn kasancewa admin akaro na biyu domin cigaba da tabbatar da ayyuka na gari da kuma bada gudumuwa ta hanyar taimakon editoci. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 10:52, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) ===Support=== #'''Support''' Tabbas ina goyon baya sosai. Hakan zai kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 11:07, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) #'''Support''' Haƙiƙa wannan edita ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin editocin dake ƙoƙarin bunƙasa shafukan Hausa Wikipedia, tabbas sake ba shi wannan damar wata babbar nasara ce ta cigaba da tsaftace maƙalolin dake Hausa Wikipedia tare da inganta su dan haka ina goyon baya. [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 11:15, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) #'''Goyan baya''' Ina mai goyan bayan ba ka damar mai gudanarwa a karo na biyu, duba da hakan zai taimaka wajen kara kawo cigaba da ma tsaftace Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) # Ina Goyan bayan hakan Dari bisa Dari domin cigaban Wikipedia [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) 23:27, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) {{Abot}} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Neman Zama Admin Ƙaro Na Biyu == {{Archive top|Akwai goyon baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 20:48, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)}} Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Ina fatan kuna cikin ƙushien lafiya. Enah Wannan rubutu nawa ne domin sake gabatar da buƙatata karo na biyu na samun damar zama Admin a Hausa Wikipedia. A baya na riga na gabatar da irin wannan buƙata, kuma a wannan karo ina ƙara jaddada sha’awata da ƙudirin da nake da shi na ci gaba da yi wa Hausa Wikipedia hidima. Na dade ina ba da gudunmawa ta hanyar ƙirƙira, gyarawa da inganta muƙaloli, tare da taimakawa sababbin masu gyara su fahimci ka’idoji da tsarin aikin Wikipedia. Ina da cikakken shiri da niyyar ɗaukar nauyin da ke tattare da matsayin Admin, musamman wajen kula da muƙaloli, da dakile masu lalata muƙala, da tabbatar da ingancin bayanai a Hausa Wikipedia. Ina roƙon Editors din Hausa Wikipedia da su sake duba wannan buƙata ta tare da ni, tare da ba ni wannan dama idan sun ga na cancanta. Zan yi farin cikin karɓar duk wata shawara ko gyara da za ta taimaka wajen inganta aikina Nagode. [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 09:46, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC) :Ni [[User:Umar-askira| Umar-askira]] ina mai goyon bayan ka domin zama admin a Hausa Wikipedia saboda jajurcewar ka wajen inganta rubutan Hausa a manhajar Hausa Wikipedia. Fatan Allah ya bada nasara ameen. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 17:23, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) ===Support=== #ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari domin zai kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 20:42, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC) #Ina goyon baya sosai... hakan zai kawo cigaba [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 20:49, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC) # enah goyan bayan kazama Admin karo nabiyi sabo da jajir cewanka [[User:Hauwa&#39;u lawal ardo|Hauwa&#39;u lawal ardo]] ([[User talk:Hauwa&#39;u lawal ardo|talk]]) 21:06, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC) #Kasancewar ka edita mai bada gudummawa a kusan koda yaushe, ina goyon baya domin sake baka damar zai ƙara bunƙasa maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 22:07, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC) # Ina goyon Bayan ka sake Zama admin a karo na biyu saboda jajircewar ka Hakan Zai Kara kawo cigaba sosae[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 22:14, 29 Disamba 2025 # ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari domin zai kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia domin yana kawo wa [[User:Umar A Muhammad|Umar A Muhammad]] ([[User talk:Umar A Muhammad|talk]]) 05:16, 30 Disamba 2025 (UTC) # enah goyan bayanka kazama Admin karo na biyu sabo da ƙoƙarin da kake yi [[User:Asma,u Khamis hussaini|Asma,u Khamis hussaini]] ([[User talk:Asma,u Khamis hussaini|talk]]) 17:20, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # enah goyon bayan kazama Admin [[User:Ifteehern|Ifteehern]] ([[User talk:Ifteehern|talk]]) 17:25, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #[[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:29, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)ina goyon baya sosai sabida zaikawo muna cigaba sosai [[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:29, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #Ina goyon baya, Allah ya bada Sa'a [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 17:30, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # ina goyan bayan kazama admin a karo na biyu saboda jajir cewarka [[User:Fateemah usman|Fateemah usman]] ([[User talk:Fateemah usman|talk]]) 17:42, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyan bayan kasancewar ka a matsayin mai gudanarwa a karo na biyu a sakamakon irin jajircewa da gudummawar da kake bayarwa domin tsaftace shafin Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:A Sulaiman Z|A Sulaiman Z]] ([[User talk:A Sulaiman Z|talk]]) 18:22, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon bayan sake dawowar ka... Allah ya taimaka. [[User:Jidda3711|Jidda3711]] ([[User talk:Jidda3711|talk]]) 18:30, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) {{Abot}} == Neman Admin a karo na biyu == {{Archive top|Akwai goyon baya –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 20:47, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)}} Assslamu Alaikum, ina neman goyon bayanku domin kasancewa mai gudanarwa a karo na biyu domin tantance ayyuka, da kuma bada tallafi ga sabbin editoci. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 10:00, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) === Support === #Ina goyon byan hakan domin zai kawo cigaba a wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 18:13, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #ina mai goyon bayen hakan domin hakan zai kawo cigaba gaba sosai a wikipedia [[User:Mahmud maby|Mahmud maby]] ([[User talk:Mahmud maby|talk]]) 21:11, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #[[User:Abusule dankofa|Abusule dankofa]] ([[User talk:Abusule dankofa|talk]]) 22:03, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)ina Mai goyan bayan hakan #ina gonyon baya dari bisa dari dan zai kawo kawo cigaba a Wikipedia [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 22:06, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # ina mai bada goyon baya dari bisa dari akan wannan domin zai kawo cigaba sosai. [[User:Abdoulmerlic|Abdoulmerlic]] ([[User talk:Abdoulmerlic|talk]]) #'''Support''', duba da irin gudunmawarka a ko yaushe, hakan zai kawo cigaba wajen ciyar da Hausa Wikipedia gaba. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) # Ina goyon baya Dari bisa Dari [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 11:49, 7 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya sosai.... [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 12:35, 7 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon bayan ɗari bisa ɗari [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 12:41, 7 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) Ina Goyan bayan hakan domin zaya kawo cigaba a Wikipedia [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) #[[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:24, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)ina goyon baya Dari bisa dari zaikawo muna cigaba sosai [[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:24, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # ina gonyan baya dari bisa Dari kazamu admin Dan kawo cigaba a Wikipedia [[User:Fateemah usman|Fateemah usman]] ([[User talk:Fateemah usman|talk]]) 17:33, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 08:49, 9 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #'''SUPPORT'''...Ina goyon bayan wannan Kuduri [[User:Ibkt|Ibkt]] ([[User talk:Ibkt|talk]]) 13:45, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) {{Abot}} == Sanarwa == Muna sanar da al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia game da shirin '''Celebrating International Women’s Day Through The Wikimedia Projects 2026''', wanda ke da nufin ƙarfafa wakilcin mata da haɓaka gudunmawar su a ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a harshen Hausa. Muna maraba da ra’ayoyi da shawarwari daga al’umma. [[User:Sirjat|Sirjat]] ([[User talk:Sirjat|talk]]) 11:20, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == ==Logo don murnar cikar Wikipedia shekaru 25== {{Atop|Akwai goyon baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 16:18, 22 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)}} [[File:WP25 potential birthday logo-ha.svg|link=|thumb|right|280px|Logon murnar cikar Wikipedia shekaru 25]] A cikin wannan watan Wikipedia ke cika shekaru ashirin da biyar da kafuwa. Inason yin amfani da wannan lokaci domin taya daukacin editocin Hausa Wikipedia murnar cikar wannan shekaru. Wannan babbar nasara ce garemu baki daya. Saboda murnar wannan lokacin, ina son mu canza logon mu domin taya Wikipedia murna. A nan gefe zaku iya ganin sabon hoton logon murnar, wanda aka fassara da Hausa daga logon Turanci wanda Gidauniyar Wikimedia ta bada saboda murnar zagayowar lokacin. Idan kuna goyon bayan haka sai ku rubuta a nan ƙasa. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 09:03, 10 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) === Support === # Ina goyon baya sosai domin taya Wikipedia murnar cika shekaru 25. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 18:49, 10 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya. Fatan nasara [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 08:49, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Yayi kyau, ina goyon baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 09:00, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #'''Support''' ina goyon baya [[User:Ibkt|Ibkt]] ([[User talk:Ibkt|talk]]) 13:49, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya sosai, ina kuma taya Wikipedia murnar cika shekaru 25. [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 05:41, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #Ina goyon Baya domin taya Wikipedia murnar cika shekara 25[[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 13:33, 18 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) {{Abot}} == SANARWA TARE DA NEMAN GOYON BAYA == Assalamu alailum, inaso nayi amfani da wannan damar domin na shaida maku muna shirin gudanar da taron Wikipedia a jihar Niger insha Allah, wanda shirin zai bunƙasa shafukan Wikipedia da kuma yan'uwanta, sannan shirin zai bunƙasa samar da sabbin esitoci a Hausa Wikipedia. Allah ya bamu sa'a da nasara [[User:Umar A Muhammad|Umar A Muhammad]] ([[User talk:Umar A Muhammad|talk]]) 12:26, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == Neman Zama Admin A Hausa Wikipedia == Assalamu Alaikum editoci masu albarka,fatan muna cikin koshin lafiya Allah yasa haka ne amin. Ina mai amfani da wannan damar domin sanar daku da neman goyon bayanku game da kasancewa na admin a manhajar Hausa Wikipedia. In a fatan mu cigaba da kasancewa lafiya amin ya Rabbal alamin. Bissalam. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 10:52, 13 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) === Support === # Ina goyon baya.. Allah ya bada Sa'a [[User:Jidda3711|Jidda3711]] ([[User talk:Jidda3711|talk]]) 16:05, 14 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya. I support [[User:Anasysmart|Anasysmart]] ([[User talk:Anasysmart|talk]]) 07:12, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyan baya 100% ..Allah ya taimaka [[User:Saudarh2|Saudarh2]] ([[User talk:Saudarh2|talk]]) 09:59, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # enah goyon bayanka kazama Admin sbd jajircewanka a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 10:14, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == Sanarwa == assalamualaikum Barka da wannan lokaci shuwagabanni da ƴan uwa na editors, Ina sanar da ku cewa zan rubuta proposal game da '''Local Health Knowledge for All: Building Hausa Medical Content on Wikipedia Hausaal Local Health Knowledge for All: Building Hausa Medical Content on Wikipedia Hausa'''. Idan akwai shawarwari ko ƙarin bayani a shirye nake da yin amfani da su. Nagode sosai. @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 20:22, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) muna goyan bayan sa saboda jajir ciwar shi [[User:Musa650|Musa650]] ([[User talk:Musa650|talk]]) 07:19, 16 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:44, 16 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Sanarwa da neman goyon baya == Barkann mu da wannan lokacin yan'uwana editoci, muna shirin gudanar da wani taro nan bada jimawa ba a jihar Plateau, dan haka nake sanar da ku tare da neman shawarwarin ku da kuma goyon bayan ku, Nagode [[User:Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu|Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu]] ([[User talk:Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu|talk]]) 20:25, 17 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == Bitar shekara-shekara na Universal Code of Conduct da Ka’idojin Aiwatarwa == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ina rubuto maka ne domin sanar da kai cewa an buɗe lokacin bitar shekara-shekara na Universal Code of Conduct da Ka’idojin Aiwtarwa. Kana iya ba da shawarwari kan sauye-sauye har zuwa 9 ga Fabrairu, 2026. Wannan shi ne mataki na farko cikin jerin matakai da za a ɗauka domin bitar shekara-shekara. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Karanta ƙarin bayani kuma ka samu tattaunawa da za ka shiga a shafin UCoC a Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kwamitin Daidaita Aiwatar da Universal Code of Conduct]] (U4C) wata ƙungiya ce ta duniya da ta sadaukar da kai wajen tabbatar da adalci da daidaitaccen aiwatar da UCoC. Wannan bitar shekara-shekara an tsara ta kuma an aiwatar da ita ne ta hannun U4C. Don samun ƙarin bayani da kuma fahimtar nauyin da ke kan U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|kana iya duba Kundin Tsarin U4C]]. Da fatan za a raba wannan bayanin zuwa ga wasu mambobi a cikin al'ummarku inda ya dace. -- A cikin haɗin gwiwa da U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|tattaunawa]])<section end="announcement-content" /> 21:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Sanarwa game da shirin kaddamar da project na WikiFemme Learning Lab in Bauchi == Assalamu alaikum, Muna sanar da fara aikin WikiFemme Learning Lab In Bauchi, wani aikin Rapid Fund daga Wikimedia Community Fund da ke nufin ƙarfafa mata su shiga cikin ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman Wikipedia. Aikin zai ba da horo da tallafi don mata su koyi gyara da ƙirƙirar abubuwan ilimi, tare da rage gibi a wakilcin mata a cikin abun da ke kan Wikipedia. Muna gayyatar al’umma su ba da shawarwari da goyon baya domin tabbatar da nasarar wannan aiki da ƙara tasirinsa a Bauchi da kewaye. Na gode. [[User:Santa MMD|Santa MMD]] ([[User talk:Santa MMD|talk]]) 22:02, 27 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == Saving the Knowledge of Endangered Hausa Expressions and Idioms Through Wikimedia Projects == Ina farin cikin sanar da ku cewa da shuwagabanni da ƴan uwa Editors na wannan manhajar cewa, zamu rubuta proposal game da "'''Saving the Knowledge of Endangered Hausa Expressions and Idioms Through Wikimedia Projects'''" muna neman goyon baya da kuma shawarwarin ku, Nagode sosai.@[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 22:19, 29 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == Lafiyar mata a shafin Hausa Wikipedia == Assalamu Alaikum sanunku da warhaka, ina shirya neman Wikimedia Rapid Fund don aiki a kan inganta **bayanan lafiyar mata a shafin Hausa Wikipedia**. Aikin, *"Bridging Women’s Health Knowledge in Hausa,"* zai ƙunshi fassara labarai masu kyau daga Wikipedia ta Ingilishi zuwa Hausa, wanda ya shafi batutuwa kamar lafiyar uwa, lafiyar haila, lafiyar haihuwa, da cututtukan da ke shafar mata. Muna kuma shirin ɗaukar nauyin horo ta hanyar intanet da kuma aikin editing don tallafawa sabbin editoci da ƙwararru wajen koyon yadda ake fassara da inganta abubuwan lafiya ta amfani da nassoshi masu inganci. Wannan shiri zai faɗaɗa samun ingantattun bayanai game da lafiya a cikin Hausa Wikipedia musamman ga mata, sa' anan zai rage gibin ilimi da ke da alaƙa da lafiyar mata, da kuma ƙarfafa janyo sabin edtoci zuwa shiga cikin al'ummar Hausa Wikimedia. Muna maraba da ra'ayoyin al'umma kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci, sha'awar shiga a matsayin edita ko mai ba da shawara, da duk wani shawarwari da za su iya taimakawa wajen inganta wannan aiki. Ra'ayoyinku za su taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa aikin ya cika buƙatun al'umma kuma yana da tasiri mai ma'ana. [[User:Umabruka|Umabruka]] ([[User talk:Umabruka|talk]]) 20:54, 1 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Shirye shiryen taron Women and Culture Awareness in Nigeria 2026 == Assalamu Alaikum ina farin cikin sanar daku cewa muna shirye shiryen gudanar da gasa da kuma taro akan wayar da kai game da Mata da kuma al'adu a Najeriya. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 11:26, 7 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Neman Zama Admin A Hausa Wikipedia == Assalamu Alaikum, ina neman goyon bayanku domin kasancewa mai gudanarwa domin tantance ayyuka, da kuma bada tallafi ga sabbin editoci a wannan manhaja ta Hausa Wikipedia.[[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 22:49, 7 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) ===Support=== #Ina goyon baya sosai. Fatan nasara [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 23:05, 7 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) # enah goyon bayan kazama Admin [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 04:45, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) #:ina Mai goyon Baya Dari bisa Dari[[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 05:08, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) #Ina goyon bayan zaman wannan ƙwararren edita ya zama admin a Hausa Wikipedia, domin ina da tabbacin zai taimaka da ƙara bunƙasa maƙalolin da ke Hausa Wikipedia tare da samar da sabbin maƙaƙolin, dan haka ina hoyon baya [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 05:11, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 # Ina Matugar Nuna goyon baya akan hakan [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-85864-0|&#126;2026-85864-0]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-85864-0|talk]]) <span style=" color:Green ; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Muktee1494</span> # ina goyon baya don inganta wikipedia[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 06:31, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya don kwazo day jajircewar wannan edita[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 08:19, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) #inagoyon baya dari bisa dari Allah yataimaka[[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 21:36, 9 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Wikimedia knowledge sharing in America University of Nigeria == Assalamu alaikum jama,a naxo ne domin in sanar da ku cewa na shirya wani aiki da zai wayar da kan jama'a game da harkar Wikimedia a Jami'ar Amurka ta Najeriya. Dake garin Adamawa Aikin yana da nufin wayar da kan jama'a game da ayyukan Wikimedia da horar da sabbin editoci kan yadda za su ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan Wikimedia. Ina neman goyon bayanku da shawarwarinku domin samun nasarar aikin. na gode. [[User:Baby juuu|Baby juuu]] ([[User talk:Baby juuu|talk]]) 15:16, 9 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) :Sannu da kokari, amma babu cikakken bayani game da aikin dan haka bamu san wacce irin shawara zamu bayar ba. Nagode [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 13:19, 15 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Campaign in Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria == assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 11:00, 10 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) :Wa'alaika Assalam @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], Ko zamu iya samun ƙarin bayani game da gangamin? Yana da kyau a rinka saka cikakken bayani saboda kada a samu hadaka wajen gudanar da irin wannan aikin. Nagode [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 13:21, 15 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Gwanki|Gwanki]] An dakatar da maganar wannan aiki sai nan gaba. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 14:23, 17 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Wiki For Indigenous Games: Documenting Traditional Hausa Games == Assalamualaikum Barka da wannan lokaci shuwagabanni da ƴan uwana editoci na wannan manhajar, ina mai sanar da ku cewa zan rubuta proposal mai taken '''Wiki for Indigenous Games: Documenting Traditional Hausa Games'''. Ina mai neman goyon bayan ku da shawarwarin ku.Nagode@[[User:Salahu Gwanki|Salahu Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Salahu Gwanki|talk]]) 18:39, 15 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Taron Infectious Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria on Hausa Wikipedia == Assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria. Domin ingantawa da kuma kirkirar mukalu da suka shafi fannin lafiya. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 15:54, 12 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Shirye shiryen taron Women and Culture Awareness in Nigeria 2026 == Assalamu Alaikum ina farin cikin sanar daku cewa muna shirye shiryen gudanar da gasa da kuma taro akan wayar da kai game da Mata da kuma al'adu a Najeriya. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 16:47, 12 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Taron karawa juna sani na administrators == Assalam, Ina mai farin cikin sanarwa cewa zamu gudanar da taron karawa juna sani na masu kula da shafukan Hausa Wikipedia don kara gogewa game da ayyukan kula da shafukan Wikipedia. Wannan taro zai nunawa admin muhimmancin aikinsu musamman a wannan lokaci da bayanan karya ke da saukin yaduwa. Bissalam. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 16:30, 13 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Kano State == Assalaalaikum, Barka da wannan lokaci ƴan uwana editoci da shuwagabannin wannan manhajar ta Hausa Wikipedia, inama kowa fatan alheri. Bayan haka, ina farin cikin sanar da ku cewa zamu rubuta proposal game da '''Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Kano State''' insha Allahu. Muna neman shawarwarin ku da neman goyon bayan ku, da kuma ƙarin haske ko bayani. Nagode sosai, Sanarwa daga @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 15:59, 14 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Sanarwa == Assalamu alaikum ƴan'uwa masu albarka, ina amfani da wannan damar domin sanar da ku shirin mu na gudanar da taro a makarantun gaba da secondary a Daura, wannan wannan shirin insha Allah zai buƙasa maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia, Wikidata, sanya hotuna masu inganci uwa uba tare da samar da sabbin editoci masu sa kai a shafukan Hausa Wikipedia da ƴan'uwanta, ina neman goyon bayan ku. Na gode daga Yusuf Sa'adu [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 11:11, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 22:24, 17 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-03-19_Wikipedias&oldid=30274835 --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|hira]])</bdi> 11:15, 19 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 --> == Shirye shiryen taron Educational Development, Challenges, and Key Figures in Nigeria == Assalam, ina mai farin cikin sanar daku cewa mun fara shirye-shiryen gudanar da "campaign dinmu na Educational Development, Challenges, and Key Figures in Nigeria". Wannan taron zai kara inganta Hausa Wikipedia akan muƙalu da suka shafi Ilimi. Nagode [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 14:01, 22 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Wiki For Women-Focused Digital Skills, Photo Walks, and Audio Recording in Kaduna Hausa Communities == Assalamu alaikum yan uwa masu albarka na wannan gida, in yiwa kowa fatan alkhair sannan ina man barka da wannan lokaci. Ina son nayi amfani da wannan damar domin sanar daku cewa, zan gudanar da taron karawa juna ilimi kamar yadda taken shi yake a sama. Ina mai neman goyon bayanku da kuma bada shawarwari da zasu ciya da wannan aiki gaba. Na gode sannan Allah Uban Giji ya saka wa kowa da alkhairi. Bissalam. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 15:30, 22 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Hausa Wikipedia User Retention Workshop == Salamu Alaikum warahmatullah. yan uwa masu albarka. ina mana fatan alkahiri da kuma fatan an gama Azumi kuma anyi Sallah lafiya. mafi yawan cin lokaci muna hada taruka kuma muna kawo sabbin editoci.amma da an gama taron ko gasar shikenan saika ga wannna sabbin editocin sun daina gyara da kuma rubutu a Wikipedia. wannna matsala ce babba. muna da sama da editoci dubu arbain amma bamu da tsayyen editoci ko dari biyar. wannna taron zaiyi gyara akan haka. ina mai neman goyon bayanku dan wannan aiki. nagode sosai. ku bada shawarwarinku a kasan wannan rubutun. [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 07:00, 24 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Sanarwa Da Neman Goyon Baya == Assalamualaikum ƴan uwa da abokan arziki editor's na wannan gida mai Albarka ina yima kowa fatan Alkairi tare da fatan kowa yayi bikin sallah lafiya,ina mai amfani da wannan dama wajen neman goyon bayan ku akan proposal dana nema mai taken Documentin and Enhancing Agricultural and Environmental Vocabulary on Hausa Wiktionary . Wannan project zai cike gibin da muke dashi na karancin kalmomin da suka danganci noma da muhalli a Hausa Wiktionary. Bissalam mu kwana lafiya Allah ya sadamu da Alkairan sa.[[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 19:49, 28 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Kamfe na Wikiquote a Daura == Assalam, ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa zamu gudanar da kamfe don wayar da kai game da WIkiquote a Daura a wannan zagaye. Da fatan zaku bamu gudummawa. Nagode [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 06:48, 31 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Wikipedia Trend Video Awareness Campaigns== Salam, yan uwa. duba da koma baya da ake samu a Wikipedia da sauran yan uwanta. muke shirin kawo muku video awareness wanda zai zama kamar drama haka.domin samun hankali da kuma kulawar al'ummar mu dake anfani da shafuka na internet.ku fada mana ra'ayinku.<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Aliyu shaba</b></span>]]^{[[User talk:Aliyu shaba|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]} 16:30, 28 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Preserving Community Culture Through Images on Wikimedia Commons == Assalamualikum Barka da wannan lokaci shuwagabannin wannan manhajar da ƴan uwansa editors Ina farin cikin sanar da ku cewa na rubuta proposal game da '''Preserving Community Culture Through Images on Wikimedia Commons''' wanda insha Allahu za'a gudanar da shi a Jihar Adamawa. Muna neman. Nagode sosai @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 22:20, 31 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Wikimedia Awareness for educated/elite women in Northern Nigeria == Assalamu Alaikum, Ina mai mika gaisuwa ta girmamawa ga daukacin 'yan uwan wannan shafi. Na rubuta wannan wasika ne domin gabatar da shirinmu a hukumance, wanda zamu tsara domin fadakarwa da kuma karfafa gwiwar mata masana da masu ilimi a fadin Arewacin Najeriya. Babban burin wannan aiki shi ne samar da karin mata editoci a Wikipedia daga yankinmu, tare da daukaka matsayin mata wajen rike mukaman shugabanci a karkashin gidauniyar Wikimedia. Ta hanyar wannan horo, mahalarta za su samu kwarewa ba kawai a fannin gyara Wikipedia ba, har ma da karfin gwiwar taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan tafiya. [[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_National_Funding_Program/Wikimedia_Awareness_for_educated/elite_women_in_Northern_Nigeria]] [[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 11:49, 2 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Neman Kasancewa Admin a karo na Uku == Assslamu Alaikum, ina neman goyon bayanku domin kasancewa mai gudanarwa a karo na uku domin cigaba da tantance ayyuka, da kuma bada tallafi ga sabbin editoci. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 20:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) === Support === #Ina goyon baya domin cigaban wikipidia[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 21:19, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) #Ina goyon Bayan Hakan Dari bisa Dari Domin cigaban Wikipedia[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 21:30, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) #ina mai goyon bayan hakan dari bisa dari dan kawo cigaba. [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 21:27, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) #[[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) ina goyon baya Dari bisa dari #Ina goyon baya sosai. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 21:38, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyen bayen hakan dari Bisa dari domin zai kawo cigaba sosai ~~ #Ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari [[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 22:18, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) # Don cigaba da tsabtacewa gami da bunƙasa Hausa Wikipedia, muna bukatar jajirtattu irinka.Lallai ina goyon bayan hakan [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) # enah goyon bayan kazama Admin karo nabiyu sbd jajircewan ka akan Kula da mukaloli a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 04:55, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) # ina goyon bayan hakan dari bisa Dari sosai sosai[[User:Abusule dankofa|Abusule dankofa]] ([[User talk:Abusule dankofa|talk]]) 05:28, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya sosai domin Yana kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 05:57, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) # Tabbas ka kasance daga cikin jajirtaccin Admins a Hausa Wikipedia, faruwar hakan nasara ce babba a wannan man haja. Fatan Alkhairi. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 06:13, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya sosai saboda gudummawar da kake bayarwa a matsayin mai gudanarwa. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 06:16, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:57, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Taron Hausa STEM, Engineering and Sustainable Development Knowledge Expansion Project == Assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna "Hausa STEM, Engineering and Sustainable Development Knowledge Expansion Project" Domin ingantawa da kuma kirkirar mukalu da suka shafi Kimiyya, Fasaha, Lissafi, da kuma Injiniyanci. [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 19:53, 7 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Taron Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaigns for Preserving Heritage, Improving Knowledge Access, and Promoting Inclusion through Photo Contests and Training Programs == Assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna "Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaigns for Preserving Heritage, Improving Knowledge Access, and Promoting Inclusion through Photo Contests and Training Programs" Domin ingantawa da kuma dora hotuna a wiki Commons. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 17:48, 11 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Bauchi State == Assalamualaikum ƴan uwa na editoci da shuwagabannin wannan manhaja ta Hausa Wikimedians, inama kowa fatan alheri tare sanar da ku cewa zamu rubuta Grant project mai taken '''Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Bauchi State'''. Dan haka muna neman goyon baya da kuma shawarwari ko gyara.@[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 17:30, 15 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == SheSaid Hausa 2026- Phase IV == Assalam, Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa muna shirin kirkirar kamfe na SheSaid na Hausa a karo na hudu wanda zai guda tsakanin watannin September zuwa Oktoba in Allah ya yarda. Bissalam [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 07:46, 20 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Shirin gudanar da taron Cultivating Knowledge: Hausa Wikipedia Agriculture 2026 Campaign == Assalam, Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa muna shirin kirkirar kamfe na Cultivating Knowledge:Hausa Wikipedia Agriculture 2026 Campaign na Hausa a karo na farko wanda zai guda tsakanin watannin September zuwa Oktoba in Allah ya yarda. Bissalam [[User:Dev ammar|Dev ammar]] ([[User talk:Dev ammar|talk]]) 17:03, 22 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|hira]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == Empowering Women Changing the World == Assalamu alaikum Al Umman Hausa Wikipedia naxo ne na sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna Empowering Women Changing the World. Domin cigaban matan mu na Arewa kuma kirkirar mukalu da suka shafi fannin mata. Nagode [[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_National_Funding_Program/Umar_Aliyu/Empowering_Women_Changing_the_World#Resources]] [[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 12:03, 30 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:24, 24 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Neman zama admin na din din din == assalamu alaikum ina neman goyon bayanku na kasan cewa admin na din din din domin tabbata da ingancin wannan man haja ta wikipedia da kuma taimakawa sabin editoci batare da samin tsaiko ba wajen gudanar da aiki nagode. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 19:50, 16 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) :[[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 16:52, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) ina mai goyon baya ==Support== *Ina goyon baya sosai.... [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 19:58, 16 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) *Ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari....[[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 17:25, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) *Ina goyon baya sosai. == Support == Ina goyon Bayan haka, sakamakon gudummuwar da kake badawa. [[User:Dev ammar|Dev ammar]] ([[User talk:Dev ammar|talk]]) 20:13, 16 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) :<nowiki>Ina goyon bayan haka dari bisa dari ~~~</nowiki> [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 05:05, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) ::# support [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 17:39, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)ina mai goyon baya == Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia Should Have 2026 Campaign Phase II == Assalam, Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa muna shirin kirkirar kamfe na '''Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia Should Have 2026 Campaign Phase II''' a karo na biyu wanda zai guda tsakanin watannin Disamba zuwa Janairu in Allah ya yarda. Bissalam, [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 19:30, 1 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Preserving Hausa Indigenous Health Knowledge Through Wikipedia: Medicinal Plants, Traditional Practices and Indigenous Health Terminology == Assalamualaikum, Ina mai farincin amfani da wannan dama wajen sanar daku cewa muna shirin kaddamar da kamfen na '''Preserving Hausa Indigenous Health Knowledge Through Wikipedia: Medicinal Plants, Traditional Practices and Indigenous Health Terminology''' wanda zai gudana acikin watan Disamba [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 14:20, 5 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Wiki for Social Change by Addressing Women and Child Vulnerability through Open Knowledge and Community Engagement in Northern Nigeria == Assalamu Alaikum Jama'an wannan gida mai albarka. in mai farin cikin sanar daku cewa, akwai taron wayar da kai da kara wa juna sani daza mu gudanar a Jihar Taraba Jalingo insha'allahu daga shekaran nan zuwa farkon sekara mai zuwa. Muna bukatar shawar warin ku tare da neman goyon bayan ku. Fatan Allah yayi mana jagora amin. Bissalam. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 11:13, 11 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Bilkisu mahmood == bilkisu mah [[User:Bilkeesi|Bilkeesi]] ([[User talk:Bilkeesi|talk]]) 14:13, 12 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Neman izinin zama admin na din din din == aslm ina mai neman goyon bayanku domin zama admin na din din din domin cigaba da tabbatar da ayyuka na kwarai a wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 12:23, 14 Satumba 2026 (UTC) ===Support=== * ina mai goyan bayan hakan dari bisa dari duba da Irin gudummuwar da kakebadawa a wannan kafa[[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 12:31, 14 Satumba 2026 (UTC) * Ina goyon baya saboda muhimmiyar gudummuwar da yake badawa a Hausa wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 19:25, 14 Satumba 2026 (UTC) *Ina goyon baya sosai. Wannan editan ya cancanci wannan muƙamin. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 09:19, 20 Satumba 2026 (UTC) *Ina goyon baya sosai [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 10:47, 24 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Mai sauya uwar garken - Za a karanta wiki-kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci nan ba da daɗewa ba == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Karanta wannan saƙon a wani yaren]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] za'a gwada chanji tsakanin cibiyoyin bayanai na farko dana sakandare. Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa Wikipedia da sauran wikis na wikimedia na iya tsayuwa akan yanar gizo koda bayan wata ruɗani Duk zirga-zirga za su kunna '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|ha}}'''. Gwajin zai fara daga karfe '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''. Abin takaici, saboda wasu iyakoki na cikin [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], dole a dakata da duk gyararraki dole ne a yayin da muke yin sauyin. Muna neman afuwa game da wannan tsaiko, kuma muna aiki don raguwarsa nan gaba. Za a nuna wata tuta a kowace wikis mintina 30 kafin wannan aikin ya faru. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Zaka iya karantawa, amma banda gyara, a duka wikis na wani ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci.''' * Ba za ku iya yin wani gyara ba har na tsawon awa ɗaya a ranar {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|ha}}. * Idan kayi ƙoƙarin gyara ko ajiyewa awannan lokacin, zaku ga saƙon kuskure. Muna fatan cewa babu gyara da za ayi asara awannan lokacin, amma ba za mu iya tabbatar muku ba. Idan ka ga sakon kuskuren, to don Allah a jira har komai ya koma daidai. Sannan ne zaku samu damar adana gyaran ku. Amma, muna ba da shawara cewa ku kwafe canje-canjen ku tun daga farko, idan da hali. ''Wasu sakamakon'': * Ayyukan bango zasu Kasance a hankalu kuma wasu za'a iya ajiye su. Tana iya kasancewa hanyoyin hadin masu kalar-ja ba zasu dawo ba da sauri kamar yadda aka saba. Idan ka kirkiri labarin da aka riga aka danganta shi a wani wuri, hanyar hadi zata zauna a kalar-ja fiye da yadda aka saba. Dole ne a tsaida duk wasu rubutuka masu daɗewa * Muna sa ran tura lambar za ta faru kamar kowane mako. Koyaya, wasu daskarewar lamba-by-case na iya faruwa akan lokaci idan aikin ya buƙaci su daga baya. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] ba zai kasance ba na kusan mintuna 90. Ana iya jinkirta wannan aikin dangane da yadda hali ya bada Za ka iya karanta tsarin a [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Za a sanar da duk wanu canji na wannan jadawalin. '''Ayi kokarin yadda wannan bayanin tare ga jama'ar ku.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Satumba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> == Neman Admin Na Din-din == Assalamu alaikum Jama'a barkan mu da wannan lokaci fatan muna cikin koshin lafiya. Inason inyi amfani da wannan damar don neman kasancewa admin (mai kula da shafuka a Hausa wikipedia) na din-din. Nayi admin na wucin gadi har sau biyu a Hausa wikipedia, wannan dalilin ne yasa nake ganin akwai bukatar in nema admin na din-din, don saukake mun ci gaba da ayyukan admin ba tare da wani mushaqqa ba. Fatan yan'uwa editoci zaku bani goyon baya domin samun damar ci gaba da ayyukan admin a Hausa wikipedia. Na gode, Ina ma kowa fatan nasara! [[User:Salihu Aliyu|S Ahmad Fulani]] 14:01, 17 Satumba 2026 (UTC) Ina mai goyon baya bisa wannan cigaba [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 09:01, 21 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Kamfen Faith and Knowledge in Hausa: Documenting Religious History, People and Heritage == Assalam. Muna farin cikin sanar daku kamfen da zamu gudanar cikin watan Disamba zuwa junairu mai taken '''Faith and Knowledge in Hausa: Documenting Religious History, People and Heritage''' kamfen din zai maida hankali wajan ƙirƙirar muƙalu da suka shafi addinai a Hausa Wikipedia. nagode [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 19:47, 21 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Wiki Economics - Za ku so ku taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar kayan aiki na ma'aunin lafiyar al'umma == Sannu kowa, ''An shirya wannan sigar ne da taimakon kayan aikin fassara ta atomatik da AI. Don Allah a gyara harshen, kalmomin fasaha ko abin da ke ciki; muna maraba da kowace taimako. Sigar Turanci tana biye a ƙasa.'' Sannu, ni Wikimedian ne daga Faransa da ke aiki kan yanayin karatu da gyare-gyare a cikin harkarmu. Na ga cewa muna rasa kayan aiki masu sauƙin amfani don ganin da kuma bibiyar lafiyar al'ummomin masu gyara a tsawon lokaci, don haka na fara Wiki Economics. Me ya sa Wiki Economics? Domin da farko ina amfani da alamomin tattalin arziki na ƙasa baki ɗaya wajen ƙirƙirar samfurin lafiyar al'umma (wannan shi ne wurin farawa na), amma ina ƙara wasu alamomi a hankali. Wannan sigar beta ce. Ina amfani da hawiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na rukunin farko na nazari, tare da sigogin harsuna da aka zaɓa don rufe yankuna, harsuna da girman al'umma daban-daban. Ba ta cika ba, saboda haka ana maraba musamman da ra’ayoyinku game da abubuwan da suka ɓace, matsaloli ko abubuwan gida da ke bayyana tsarin da ba a saba gani ba. Wannan rukunin na farko zai taimaka wajen gano matsaloli, bayanan da suka ɓace da muhimman abubuwan gida, kamfen, sauye-sauyen manufofi ko wani yanayi da zai iya bayyana tsarin da ba a saba gani ba. Manufar ita ce mu koyi daga ra’ayoyin al'ummomi kafin mu faɗaɗa ɗaukar bayanai. Da zarar an rufe nau'ikan Wikipedia yadda ya kamata, zan yi haka ga dukkan ayyukan Wikimedia. Wannan aiki ne na tallafa wa al'ummomi, ba rahoton hukuma na Wikimedia Foundation ba. Ba ya amfani da bayanan sirri, bayanan CheckUser ko API da ba na jama'a ba. Kowane sakamako yana ɗauke da lokacin bayanan, ma'anoni, hanya, tushe da taka-tsantsan. Wasu alamomi na iya kasancewa babu su ko ba su dace da wannan wiki ba, kuma bai kamata a ɗauki lokacin da bai cika ba a matsayin cikakkiyar yanayin shekara ba. Ana samun bayani da ma'anoni a [[m:Next_25/Wiki_Economics|shafin Wiki Economics na Meta-Wiki]]. Don ganin ƙididdiga: [https://wiki-economics.toolforge.org/#choose-wiki zaɓi Wikipedia] ko ka shiga bayanin martabar hawiki kai tsaye: [https://wiki-economics.toolforge.org/gdp?wiki=hawiki]. Zan yi farin ciki da ra’ayoyinku game da: * Shin ma'anoni sun dace da yadda wannan al'umma ke aiki? * Shin akwai hanyoyin sintiri/bita na gida, kamfen na bots, sauye-sauyen manufofi ko abubuwan da suka faru da ke bayyana ƙimomi marasa saba? * Waɗanne alamomi ne masu amfani, masu rikitarwa ko suka ɓace? Da fatan a raba ra'ayoyi ko a wannan shafi ko a [[m:Talk:Next_25/Wiki_Economics|shafin tattaunawar Wiki Economics a Meta-Wiki]]. Ana samun lambar tushe a [[github:schiste/wiki-economics|GitHub]]. Na gode da taimaka min wajen sa binciken ya zama mai amfani ga dukkan al'ummominmu. [[User:Schiste|Schiste]] ([[User talk:Schiste|talk]]) 12:28, 22 Satumba 2026 (UTC) === Wiki Economics - Would you like to help create a community health metrics tool === Hello everyone, Hi, I'm a French Wikimedian working on readership and editorship trends across our movement. I felt we were lacking accessible tools to look at and monitor the health of our editing communities over time, so I started Wiki Economics. Why Wiki Economics? I started by using macroeconomic indicators to model community health (that was my starting point), and I add other indicators over time. This is a beta. I am using hawiki as part of the first analysis batch, alongside language editions selected to cover different geographies, languages, and community sizes. It is not perfect and, as a result, your feedback about missing things, problems, or local events that explain unusual patterns is especially welcome. This first batch should help identify issues, missing information, and important local events, campaigns, policy changes, or other context that may explain unusual patterns. The goal is to learn from community feedback before expanding coverage. Once the Wikipedia editions are covered properly, I’ll do the same for all Wikimedia projects. This is a community-facing project, not an official Wikimedia Foundation report. It uses no private data, CheckUser data, or non-public APIs. Each result includes its snapshot, definitions, methods, provenance, and caveats. Some indicators may be unavailable or not applicable, and an incomplete period should not be read as a full-year trend. Background and definitions are on [[m:Next_25/Wiki_Economics|the Wiki Economics page on Meta-Wiki]]. To view the statistics: [https://wiki-economics.toolforge.org/#choose-wiki choose a Wikipedia] or directly access hawiki’s profile: [https://wiki-economics.toolforge.org/gdp?wiki=hawiki]. I would appreciate your feedback on: * Do the definitions match how this community works? * Are there local patrol/review mechanisms, bot campaigns, policy changes, or events that explain unusual values? * Which indicators are useful, misleading, or missing? Please share feedback either on this page or on [[m:Talk:Next_25/Wiki_Economics|the Wiki Economics talk page on Meta-Wiki]]. The codebase is available on [[github:schiste/wiki-economics|GitHub]]. Thank you for helping me make the analysis more useful to all our communities.[[User:Schiste|Schiste]] ([[User talk:Schiste|talk]]) 12:28, 22 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:16, 22 Satumba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31067455 --> == Hausa Wikipedia Strengthening and Stub Articles Rebuilding & Hausa Wiktionary Edit-a-thon and Entries Clean-up == Jama'a Hausawa masu albarka barkan ku da kokari. Ina jinjina maku akan namijin aikin da kuke yi ba dare ba rana, na kara bukasa Wikipedia ta hausa. Kada in sha'afa ina mai sanar da ku zamu gabatar da taron Wikipedia ta hausa da kuma wiktionary don kara habaka Wikipedia hausa da wiktionary. Dubun godiya a gare ku. [[User:M I Idrees|M I Idrees]] ([[User talk:M I Idrees|talk]]) 09:01, 23 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Wikiqoute Awareness in Daura == Assalam ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku zamu gudanar da taron wikiqoute a daura da fatan zaku samu damar halarta [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 12:59, 24 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Hausa Green Ecosystem Translation Campaign == Assalamu Alaikum yan'uwa barka da wannan lokaci, ina sanar daku cewa na rubuta proposal mai taken "Hausa Green Ecosystem Translation Campaign" wanda zamu gudanar a watan Disamba in Allah ya yarda. [[User:Dev ammar|Dev ammar]] ([[User talk:Dev ammar|talk]]) 13:50, 26 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Wikipedia Training and Editathon at Amlak Technology CBT Center Gusau, Zamfara State == Assalamu Alaikum Warahmatullah Wabarakatahu. Ina farincin sanar daku akan project din danayi proposing metakin suna " Wikipedia Training and Editathon at Amlak Technology CBT center Gusau, Zamfara State" wanda zai kasan a watan December in Allah ya kaimana rai. Ina neman goyon bayanku da shawarware akan wannan project din. kofa abude take dan bada gudun mawan ku. Nagode. [[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|AY&#39;Gusau]] ([[User talk:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|talk]]) 13:43, 28 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Tattaunawa Don Ciyar da Wikipedia Gaba== Salamullahi Alaikum. Ina Kanawa, Ina mutanen arewacin Nigeria. Ina anfani da wannan damar sanar daku cewa tattauna nanan zuwa Jihar Kano domin sanin yadda ake anfani da Wikipedia a arewacin Nigeria. Ina neman goyon bayan ku. [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 16:41, 28 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Neman Zaman Admin== Assalamualaikum ina Neman Zaman Admin a Hausa Wikipedia domin na samun damar ci gaba da aiwatar da aiyukan gudanarwa na bunkasa Hausa Wikipedia. Domin bani goyon baya a saka suna da bayani a kasa.[[User:Saad Nuhu|Saad Nuhu]] ([[User talk:Saad Nuhu|talk]]) 12:38, 29 Satumba 2026 (UTC) ==Closing the Gender Gap on Hausa Wikipedia== Assalamu Alaikum Al’uman wannan gida mai Albarka shuwagabani da yan uwana editoci ina muku barka da wannan lokaci. Ina sanar daku cewa zamu gudanar da wayar dakai na matan Hausa Wikipedia nan bada jimawa ba idan Allah ya kaimu ina Neman goyan bayan ku da shawarwarinku Nagode.[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 20:52, 30 Satumba 2026 (UTC) === Goyon baya === * ==Empowering Knowledge Through Wikimedia at American University of Nigeria== Assalamu alaikum yan uwa masu albarka na wannan gida, ina yiwa kowa fatan alkhair sannan barkanku da wannan lokaci. Ina son nayi amfani da wannan damar domin sanar daku cewa, muna shirin wayarda ilimin Wikipedia a jami’an American University dake garin Adamawa. Na gode sannan Allah Uban Giji ya saka wa kowa da alkhairi Bissalam.[[User:Baby juuu|Baby juuu]] ([[User talk:Baby juuu|talk]]) 21:01, 30 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Creation and patrolling of Hausa sound in Hausa Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons == Assalamu alaikum, and Hello community member, I would like to seize this very opportunity to inform you that We currently apply for a project titled “Creation amd patrolling of Hausa sound in Hausa Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons” it is project that is designed to enroll participants, engage existing members coming together to acquire skills and knowledge on audio creation and patrolling base on Wikimedia guidelines policy. Furthermore, the project is design to take participants through a series of trainings to acquire skills about audio, licensing format, skills on using audio Wikimedia tools like spell4wiki and Lingua libre. Lasy, there are a lot to learn during the project training and workshops, feel free to join us or leave us a message, thank you [[User:Anasskoko|<b style="color:#00BFFF">An@ss_koko</b>]][[User talk:Anasskoko|<sup style="color:#7F007F">(Yi Magana)</sup>]] 21:21, 30 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Edit Wikidata Items on mobile devices (Turn on beta in your Preferences settings) == ''(Apologies for typing in English)'' Did you know that you can edit any Wikidata statement directly from your mobile device, just like on desktop? Since April 2026 all datatypes are now supported for mobile editing. To try it out, make sure the beta feature is still enabled in your Preferences ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures Beta features] --> "Edit Wikidata Items on mobile devices"). Then visit any Item on your mobile. Please test it and share your feedback while it's still in beta, so we can refine it for you before it goes live in the coming weeks. If you run into issues or have feedback, please share it on the project talk page: [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]]. Happy editing on mobile. –[[User:Zita Zage (WMDE)|Zita Zage (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Zita Zage (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:29, 5 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist == ''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)'' Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary. The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].<br/> Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes. Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]]) sent via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:28, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=31142775 --> == Mai sauya uwar garken - Za a karanta wiki-kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci nan ba da daɗewa ba == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Karanta wannan saƙon a wani yaren]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] za'a gwada chanji tsakanin cibiyoyin bayanai na farko dana sakandare. Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa Wikipedia da sauran wikis na wikimedia na iya tsayuwa akan yanar gizo koda bayan wata ruɗani Duk zirga-zirga za su kunna '''{{#time:j xg|2026-10-28|ha}}'''. Gwajin zai fara daga karfe '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-10-28T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-10-28T15:00}}]'''. Abin takaici, saboda wasu iyakoki na cikin [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], dole a dakata da duk gyararraki dole ne a yayin da muke yin sauyin. Muna neman afuwa game da wannan tsaiko, kuma muna aiki don raguwarsa nan gaba. Za a nuna wata tuta a kowace wikis mintina 30 kafin wannan aikin ya faru. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Zaka iya karantawa, amma banda gyara, a duka wikis na wani ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci.''' * Ba za ku iya yin wani gyara ba har na tsawon awa ɗaya a ranar {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-10-28|ha}}. * Idan kayi ƙoƙarin gyara ko ajiyewa awannan lokacin, zaku ga saƙon kuskure. Muna fatan cewa babu gyara da za ayi asara awannan lokacin, amma ba za mu iya tabbatar muku ba. Idan ka ga sakon kuskuren, to don Allah a jira har komai ya koma daidai. Sannan ne zaku samu damar adana gyaran ku. Amma, muna ba da shawara cewa ku kwafe canje-canjen ku tun daga farko, idan da hali. ''Wasu sakamakon'': * Ayyukan bango zasu Kasance a hankalu kuma wasu za'a iya ajiye su. Tana iya kasancewa hanyoyin hadin masu kalar-ja ba zasu dawo ba da sauri kamar yadda aka saba. Idan ka kirkiri labarin da aka riga aka danganta shi a wani wuri, hanyar hadi zata zauna a kalar-ja fiye da yadda aka saba. Dole ne a tsaida duk wasu rubutuka masu daɗewa * Muna sa ran tura lambar za ta faru kamar kowane mako. Koyaya, wasu daskarewar lamba-by-case na iya faruwa akan lokaci idan aikin ya buƙaci su daga baya. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] ba zai kasance ba na kusan mintuna 90. Ana iya jinkirta wannan aikin dangane da yadda hali ya bada Za ka iya karanta tsarin a [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Za a sanar da duk wanu canji na wannan jadawalin. '''Ayi kokarin yadda wannan bayanin tare ga jama'ar ku.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 14:00, 26 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> == Neman Zama Admin a Hausa Wikipedia == Assalam, fatan kuna lafiya, ina Neman goyon bayanku domin zama Admin a hausa Wikipedia domin tantancewa gami da gyara barna a cikin manhajar Hausa Wikipedia. Nagode.. [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 13:58, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ===Support=== #:masha Allah, gaskiya Ina goyon Bayan kazama admin Na Hausa Wikipedia dumin nasan tabbas Zaka kawo Sauyi sosai Akai [[User:Activist Nasir Abubakar|Activist Nasir Abubakar]] ([[User talk:Activist Nasir Abubakar|talk]]) 14:27, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) #:ina goon bayan ka dari bisa dari bisa jajircewar ka [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-57258-77|~2026-57258-77]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-57258-77|talk]]) 15:53, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :ina goyon bayan ka dari bisa dari bisa dari akan jajircewar ka [[User:Najeebyusuf|Najeebyusuf]] ([[User talk:Najeebyusuf|talk]]) 15:57, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) #'''support''' Tabbas ina goyon baya sosai domin daƙile ɓarna da kuma gyara Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 14:02, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) # [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 14:09, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ina mai goyon Baya saboda bada gudummawa wajen inganta mukaloli dakuma sam7n cigaba a hausa wikimedia [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 14:08, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) # ina goyon baya dari bisa dari dan kawo cigaba a wikipedia baki daya [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 14:53, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) #'''support''' Ina goyon baya dari bisa dari saboda gagarumar gudummuwar da yake badawa a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 15:14, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) #Ina goyon bayan hakan dari bisa dari duba da irin jajircewarka[[User:Abdultambura18|Abdultambura18]] ([[User talk:Abdultambura18|talk]]) 20:02, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) #Ina goyan baya domin kawo sauyi a manhajar wikipedia～[[User:Amadee619|Amadee619]] ([[User talk:Amadee619|talk]]) #ina goyan bayan haka[[User:Abusule dankofa|Abusule dankofa]] ([[User talk:Abusule dankofa|talk]]) 18:53, 28 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Neman zama Admin A Hausa wikipedia == Assalamu'alaikum ina mai amfani dawannan dama ta neman zama Admin a hausa wikipedia domin karin samun cigaba dakuma gyare gyare dazasu taimaka wajen inganta ayyukan editoci musamman sababbi.[[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 19:31, 27 Oktoba 2026 ===Support=== #'''Support''' Ina goyon baya dari bisa dari domin jajircewar da kakeyi, tabbas samun wannan matsayi zai taimaka wajan gyara Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 19:39, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) #'''Ina goyon bayan haka dari bisa dari duba da irin gudummuwar da kake badawa a wannan manhaja[[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 20:07, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) #'''Support''' Tabbas ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari saboda muhimmiyar gudummawar da yake badawa a Wikipedia. [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 19:33, 29 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) #'''Support''' ina goyon baya 100% [[User:Najeebyusuf|Najeebyusuf]] ([[User talk:Najeebyusuf|talk]]) 15:11, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) bjh4e4a80qgjqf0rs56akyyx2uxff5c 0 5309 975312 745487 2026-11-02T19:03:40Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340531706|Evanthes]]" 975312 wikitext text/x-wiki A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenanci, Evanthes ko Euanthes (Girkanci na Dā: Εὐανθής na nufin "mai furewa mai arziki") na iya nufin mutane biyu daban-daban: == Bayani == <references /> == Manazarta == kqkklhd8gyz8m1zwe8arkk0wm82ya7o 0 7169 975501 970789 2026-11-03T08:53:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gyadan''' ('''''Arachis hypogaea'''''), wanda aka fi sani da groundnut, '''goober''' (Amurka, ta hanyar Kikongo), <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="7" href="./Legume" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Legume">legume With Many Names: The Story Of 'Goober'<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2014/04/20/304585019/a-legume-with-many-names-the-story-of-goober&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;work&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;National</nowiki> Public Radio<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;archive-url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20200606234944/https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2014/04/20/304585019/a-legume-with-many-names-the-story-of-goober&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;archive-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;June</nowiki> 6, 2020<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;April 20, 2014<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url-status<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;live<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwBHU\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt23\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"CITEREFDomonoske2014\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Domonoske, Camila (April 20, 2014). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2014/04/20/304585019/a-legume-with-many-names-the-story-of-goober\" id=\"mwBHY\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"A Legume With Many Names: The Story Of 'Goober'\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwBHg\">National Public Radio</i></nowiki>. <nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20200606234944/https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2014/04/20/304585019/a-legume-with-many-names-the-story-of-goober\" id=\"mwBHk\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">Archived</a></nowiki> from the original on June 6, 2020.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-NPR_20150420_4-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Peanut#cite_note-NPR_20150420-4 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> '''goober pea''', <sup class="mw-ref reference" mwkq="">Pindar', 'ground pea', and 'groundnut'. The names 'goober' and 'goober pea' are more properly applied to an allied species having no true stem and only one pea in each pod which has been introduced and is frequently found growing wild in the Gulf Coast States.<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwBH4\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt26\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"CITEREFBeattie1911\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Beattie, H. R. (1911). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/ipd/carver/items/show/77\" id=\"mwBH8\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Farmer's Bulletin No. 431\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwBIA\">USDA National Agricultural Library</i></nowiki>. <nowiki><q id=\"mwBIE\">The peanut is known under the local names of 'goober', 'goober pea', 'pindar', 'ground pea', and 'groundnut'. The names 'goober' and 'goober pea' are more properly applied to an allied species having no true stem and only one pea in each pod which has been introduced and is frequently found growing wild in the Gulf Coast States.</q></nowiki><nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-5" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Peanut#cite_note-5 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> pindar (Amurka), <ref name="NPR_20150420" /> ko monkey nut (UK), amfanin gona ne wanda aka shuka galibi don tsaba na cin abinci, wanda ke ƙunshe a cikin pods na karkashin kasa.{{Efn|One of the original names, along with '''ground pea'''.}} Ana shuka shi ne sosai a cikin [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|wurare masu zafi]] da subtropics ta ƙananan masu samar da kasuwanci, duka a matsayin legume na [[hatsi]] da kuma amfanin mai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil crops for the production of advanced biofuels |url=http://www.biofuelstp.eu/oil_crops.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909130233/http://www.biofuelstp.eu/oil_crops.html |archive-date=September 9, 2015 |access-date=September 28, 2015 |website=European Biofuels Technology Platform}}</ref> 'Ya'yan itace na karkashin kasa (geocarpy) ba daidai ba ne tsakanin legumes, wanda ya jagoranci masanin tsire-tsire [[Karl Linnaeus|Carl Linnaeus]] ya ba da sunan jinsin ''hypogea'', daga Girkanci 'a ƙarƙashin ƙasa'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=hypogeal |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hypogeal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428140407/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hypogeal |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |access-date=7 February 2026 |publisher=Collins |quote=from Greek hupogeios, from hypo- + gē earth}}</ref> Gyada na cikin iyalin shuke-shuke masu fure Fabaceae (ko Leguminosae), wanda aka fi sani da dangin wake, <ref name="WFO">{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=''Arachis hypogaea'' (L.) |url=https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000174378 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531095846/https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000174378 |archive-date=May 31, 2024 |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=The World Flora Online |publisher=World Flora Consortium}}</ref> kuma asalinsa ne a [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]]. Kamar sauran kayan lambu, gyada suna dauke da kwayoyin cuta masu daidaita nitrogen a cikin tushe, wanda ke inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa, yana mai da su masu mahimmanci a cikin juyawa na amfanin gona. Kayayyakin da za a iya ci sun haɗa da [[Man gyaɗa|man gyada]] da man gyada mai kauri. Ana amfani da gyda ne a Latin Amurka, Yammacin Afirka, da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, yayin da a yankin Indiya, ana ƙara su zuwa salads da stews. A Arewacin Amurka, ana amfani da gyda cikin sukari, kek, da kukis, yayin da ake cin man gyada a ko'ina. Wasu mutane suna da rashin lafiyan gyada kuma suna iya samun mummunar martani. Ana amfani da saman shuka don [[silage]], yayin da ake amfani da abincin mai a matsayin abincin dabba kuma a matsayin taki. Amfani da masana'antu sun haɗa da fenti, varnish, da kayan da aka yi da man gyada. == Bayani na shuke-shuke == [[Karl Linnaeus|Carl Linnaeus]] ya bayyana ''Arachis hypogaea'' a cikin littafinsa Species Plantarum a cikin 1753. <ref name="POWO">{{Cite web |title=Arachis hypogaea L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:318562-2/general-information |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421022140/https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:318562-2/general-information |archive-date=April 21, 2025 |access-date=6 February 2026 |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]}}</ref> Shuka ce ta [[Shuka na Shekara-Shekara|shekara-shekara]] mai tsayi mai tsayin 30 zuwa 50 centimeters (12 zuwa 20 in). Yana cikin iyalin botanical Fabaceae, wanda aka fi sani da Leguminosae, kuma an fi sani da legume, wake, ko dangin wake.<ref name="WFO" /> Kamar sauran legumes, peanuts suna dauke da kwayoyin cuta masu daidaita nitrogen a cikin tushe su.<ref name="p062">{{Cite journal |last=Bouznif |first=Besma |last2=Boukherissa |first2=Amira |last3=Jaszczyszyn |first3=Yan |last4=Mars |first4=Mohamed |last5=Timchenko |first5=Tatiana |last6=Shykoff |first6=Jacqui A. |last7=Alunni |first7=Benoît |date=11 June 2024 |title=Complete and circularized genome sequences of five nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium sp. strains isolated from root nodules of peanut, Arachis hypogaea , cultivated in Tunisia |journal=Microbiology Resource Announcements |volume=13 |issue=6 |doi=10.1128/mra.01078-23 |pmc=11237496 |pmid=38747611 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ganyayyakin suna da tsayayya kuma suna da takardu huɗu (nau'i biyu masu tsayayya; babu ganye na ƙarshe); kowane ganye yana da zuwa 2 + 3⁄4 in) tsawo da cm ( to 1 +1⁄4 in) a fadin. {{Convert|1|to|7|cm|in}}{{Convert|1|to|3|cm|in}}Kamar na sauran legumes da yawa, ganyayyaki suna da nyctinastic; wato, suna da motsi na "barci", suna rufewa da dare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meng |first=Zhao |date=27 June 2024 |title=The Anatomical Basis and Molecular Mechanism of Arachis Hypogaea Nyctinastic Movement |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4873031 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812145632/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4873031 |archive-date=August 12, 2025 |access-date=11 August 2025 |website=SSRN |ssrn=4873031}}</ref> a fadin, kuma launin orange mai launin rawaya tare da jan veining.<ref name="Krapovickas-2007">{{Cite journal |last=Krapovickas |first=Antonio |last2=Gregory |first2=Walton C. |date=2007 |title=Taxonomy of the genus ''Arachis'' (Leguminosae) |url=http://ibone.unne.edu.ar/objetos/uploads/documentos/bonplandia/public/16_0/1_205.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=IBONE |volume=16 (Supl.) |pages=1–205 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060107/http://ibone.unne.edu.ar/objetos/uploads/documentos/bonplandia/public/16_0/1_205.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=September 13, 2016}}</ref> {{Convert|1|to|1.5|cm|in}}Ana ɗauke da su a cikin ƙuƙwalwar axillary a kan tushe.<ref name="POWO" /> 'Ya'yan itace suna tasowa a karkashin kasa, wani fasalin da ba a saba gani ba wanda aka sani da geocarpy . <ref name="Smith-1950">{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Ben W. |date=January 1, 1950 |title=Arachis hypogaea. Aerial Flower and Subterranean Fruit |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=37 |issue=10 |pages=802–815 |doi=10.2307/2437758 |jstor=2437758}}</ref> Bayan haihuwa, [[Haɗuwar ƙwayoyin halitta / Kafuwar ciki|taki]] ɗan gajeren tsutsa a gindin ovary - sau da yawa ana kiransa gynophore, amma wanda ya bayyana a matsayin wani ɓangare na ovary: yana da tsawo don samar da tsari mai kama da zaren da aka sani da "peg". Wannan igiya tana girma ne a cikin ƙasa, tana ba da damar 'ya'yan itace su bunkasa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.<ref name="Smith-1950" /> Wadannan pods, da ake kira legumes, suna da 3 zuwa 7 centimeters (1 zuwa 3 in) tsawo, yawanci suna dauke da daya zuwa hudu tsaba.<ref name="Krapovickas-2007" /> Kwayar 'ya'yan itacen man gyada ta kunshi da farko mesocarp tare da manyan jijiyoyi da yawa da ke ratsa tsawonta.<ref name="Smith-1950" /> A fannin shuke-shuke ba su da ƙwayoyi ("ya'[['ya'yan itace|'Ya'yan itace]] wanda bangon Ovary ya zama mai wuya a lokacin da ya girma"). <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Peanut Institute – Peanut Facts |url=http://www.peanut-institute.org/peanut-facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408185751/http://www.peanut-institute.org/peanut-facts/ |archive-date=April 8, 2019 |website=peanut-institute.org}}</ref> Peanuts suna dauke da polyphenols, [[Mai yawan kitse|polyunsaturated]] da monounsaturated kitse, [[Phytosterol|phytosterols]], da fiber na abinci a cikin adadin da ya yi kama da kwayoyin itace da yawa.<ref name="lpi">{{Cite web |date=September 2018 |title=Nuts (including peanuts) |url=https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/food-beverages/nuts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328191713/https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/food-beverages/nuts |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |access-date=2 July 2025 |series=Micronutrient Information Center |publisher=Linus Pauling Institute, [[Oregon State University]]}}</ref> Fata na gyada suna dauke da resveratrol.<ref name="lpi-res">{{Cite web |date=May 2015 |title=Resveratrol |url=https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/phytochemicals/resveratrol |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902120321/http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/phytochemicals/resveratrol/ |archive-date=September 2, 2006 |access-date=2 July 2025 |series=Micronutrient Information Center |publisher=Linus Pauling Institute, [[Oregon State University]]}}</ref><gallery mode="packed" caption="Botany"> File:Plante_d'arachide.jpg|Plant File:Ground_Nut_flower_(cropped).jpg|Flower File:Developing_pods_of_Peanut.jpg|Developing fruits (pods) File:Peanuts_(Arachis_hypogaea)_-_in_shell,_shell_cracked_open,_shelled,_peeled.jpg|Fruits (pods) and seeds File:Peanut_plumule_and_radicle.jpg|Half of seed, showing a cotyledon, plumule, and radicle </gallery> == Tarihi == [[File:Arachide1.jpg|thumb|Hoton shuka mai laushi da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin Les plantes potagères, Vilmorin-Andrieux, 1903]] Genus ''Arachis'' asalinsa ne a [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]], gabashin [[Andes]], a kusa da Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, da Brazil.<ref name="Seijo-2007" /> Kayan da aka shuka (''A. hypogaea'') sun fito ne daga cakuda tsakanin nau'ikan gyada guda biyu, wanda ake zaton shine ''A. Duranensis'' da ''A. ipaensis''. <ref name="Seijo-2007" /> <ref name="Kochert-1996" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moretzsohn |first=Márcio C. |last2=Gouvea |first2=Ediene G. |last3=Inglis |first3=Peter W. |last4=Leal-Bertioli |first4=Soraya C.M. |last5=Valls |first5=José F.M. |last6=Bertioli |first6=David J. |display-authors=3 |date=January 1, 2013 |title=A study of the relationships of cultivated peanut (''Arachis hypogaea'') and its most closely related wild species using intron sequences and microsatellite markers |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=113–126 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcs237 |pmc=3523650 |pmid=23131301}}</ref> Halitta ta farko za ta kasance mara kyau, amma ninkawar chromosome ta dawo da haihuwa, ta samar da abin da ake kira amphidiploid ko allotetraploid.<ref name="Seijo-2007" /> Binciken kwayar halitta ya nuna cewa haɗuwa ta iya faruwa sau ɗaya kawai kuma ta haifar da ''A. Monticola'', wani nau'in gyada na daji wanda ke faruwa a wasu wurare masu iyaka a arewa maso yammacin Argentina, ko a kudu maso gabashin Bolivia, inda ake shuka gyada da mafi yawan siffofin daji a yau, kuma ta hanyar Zaɓin wucin gadi zuwa ''A. hypogaea''.<ref name="Krapovickas-2007" /><ref name="Seijo-2007">{{Cite journal |last=Seijo |first=Guillermo |last2=Lavia |first2=Graciela I. |last3=Fernandez |first3=Aveliano |last4=Antonio Krapovickas |last5=Daniel A. Ducasse |last6=David J. Bertioli |last7=Eduardo A. Moscone |display-authors=3 |date=December 1, 2007 |title=Genomic relationships between the cultivated peanut (''Arachis hypogaea'', Leguminosae) and its close relatives revealed by double GISH |journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |volume=94 |issue=12 |pages=1963–1971 |bibcode=2007AmJB...94.1963S |doi=10.3732/ajb.94.12.1963 |pmid=21636391 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Kochert-1996">{{Cite journal |last=Kochert |first=Gary |last2=Stalker |first2=H. Thomas |last3=Gimenes |first3=Marcos |last4=Galgaro |first4=Leticia |last5=Lopes |first5=Catalina Romero |last6=Moore |first6=Kim |display-authors=3 |date=October 1, 1996 |title=RFLP and Cytogenetic Evidence on the Origin and Evolution of Allotetraploid Domesticated Peanut, ''Arachis hypogaea'' (Leguminosae) |url=https://archive.org/details/american-journal-of-botany_1996-10_83_10/page/1282 |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=83 |issue=10 |pages=1282–1291 |doi=10.2307/2446112 |jstor=2446112}}</ref> Tsarin domestication ta hanyar zabin wucin gadi ya sa ''A. hypogaea'' ya bambanta sosai daga danginsa na daji. Tsire-tsire na gida sun fi dacewa, sun fi dacewa da juna, kuma suna da tsari daban-daban da manyan tsaba. Daga wannan cibiyar asali, noma ta bazu kuma ta kafa cibiyoyin sakandare da na uku na bambancin a Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, Paraguay, da Uruguay. A tsawon lokaci, dubban nau'ikan gyada sun samo asali; an rarraba su cikin nau'ikan shuke-shuke guda shida da nau'ika biyu (kamar yadda aka jera a cikin teburin rarraba kimiyya na na gyada). Subspecies ''A. h. fastigiata'' iri sun fi dacewa a cikin halayensu na girma kuma suna da gajeren zagaye na amfanin gona. Subspecies ''A. h. hypogaea'' iri sun bazu a ƙasa kuma suna da tsayin daka na amfanin gona.<ref name="Krapovickas-2007" /> Tsohon sanannun ragowar Archaeological na pods an rubuta su ne a kimanin shekaru 7,600 da haihuwa, mai yiwuwa nau'in daji ne wanda ke cikin noma, ko ''A. hypogaea'' a farkon lokacin domestication.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dillehay |first=Tom D. |title=Earliest-known evidence of peanut, cotton and squash farming found |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-06/vu-eeo062507.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911192923/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-06/vu-eeo062507.php |archive-date=September 11, 2007 |access-date=June 29, 2007 |website=eurekalert.org}}</ref> An samo su a Peru, inda yanayin yanayine mai bushe ya dace da adana kayan kwayoyin halitta. Kusan tabbas, noman gyada ya riga ya wuce wannan a tsakiyar asalin inda yanayin yake da danshi. Yawancin al'adun [[Pre-Columbian era|pre-Columbian]], kamar Moche, sun nuna peanuts a cikin fasahar su. An kafa noma sosai a Mesoamerica kafin Mutanen Espanya su isa. A can, Masu cin nasara sun sami Nahuatl" rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" title="wikt:tlalcacahuatl">tlālcacahuatl (sunan Nahuatl na shuka, saboda haka sunan a cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]] cacahuate) wanda aka ba da sayarwa a kasuwar Tenochtitlan. An gabatar da noman sa a Turai a karni na 19 ta hanyar Spain, musamman [[Valencia]], inda har yanzu ana samar da shi, duk da cewa a gefe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polo |first=Claudia |date=2023-11-21 |title=El 'cacau del collaret', el cacahuete valenciano al borde de la extinción |url=https://elpais.com/gastronomia/2023-11-21/el-cacau-del-collaret-el-cacahuete-valenciano-al-borde-de-la-extincion.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201172835/https://elpais.com/gastronomia/2023-11-21/el-cacau-del-collaret-el-cacahuete-valenciano-al-borde-de-la-extincion.html |archive-date=February 1, 2024 |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=El País |language=es}}</ref> 'Yan kasuwa na Turai daga baya sun yada gyada a duk duniya, kuma noma yanzu ya yadu a yankuna masu zafi da masu zafi. A [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]], ya maye gurbin shuka daga wannan iyali, Bambara groundnut, wanda kuma ya bunkasa a karkashin kasa. An gabatar da gyada a Amurka a Lokacin mulkin mallaka kuma sun girma a matsayin amfanin gona.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Bernard Romans}}</ref><ref name="putnam" /> anfara a cikin 1870, an yi amfani da su amazaunin abincin dabba har sai amfani da mutum ya karu a cikin shekarun 1930. [[George Washington Carver]] (1864-1943) ya goyi bayan gyada a matsayin wani ɓangare na kokarinsa na fadada aikin gona a Kudancin Amurka, inda aka lalata ƙasa bayan sake dasa auduga. Ya kirkiro kuma ya gabatar da daruruwan kayayyakin da ke dauke da gyada, gami da kayan shafawa, fenti, filastik, man fetur da nitroglycerin. An fara kera Man gyada ne a Kanada ta hanyar tsari da aka ba da izini a Amurka a shekaru 1884 ta hanyar Marcellus Gilmore Edson na [[Montréal|Montreal]].<ref name="edson">{{Cite web |date=October 21, 1884 |title=Manufacture of peanut candy, US Patent #306727 |url=http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00306727&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526co1%3DAND%2526d%3DPALL%2526s1%3D0306727.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2F0306727%2526RS%3DPN%2F0306727&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405145402/http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00306727&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526co1%3DAND%2526d%3DPALL%2526s1%3D0306727.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2F0306727%2526RS%3DPN%2F0306727&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |access-date=May 8, 2017 |publisher=US Patent Office}}</ref> An sayar da man gyada a Arewacin Amurka a baje kolin ko kuma ta hanyar masu aiki a cikin karni na 19. Man gyada ya zama sananne a Amurka bayan kamfanin Beech-Nut ya fara sayar da shi a St. Louis World's Fair a shekara ta 1904.<ref name="Michaud-2012">{{Cite web |last=Michaud |first=Jon |date=November 28, 2012 |title=A chunky history of peanut butter |url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/a-chunky-history-of-peanut-butter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331194928/http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/a-chunky-history-of-peanut-butter |archive-date=March 31, 2017 |access-date=May 9, 2017 |website=newyorker.com |publisher=New Yorker}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka ta fara shirin don karfafa samar da noma da amfani da gyada a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20. == Shuka == === Ilimin noma === [[File:Peanut_distribution_map.svg|thumb|Taswirar rarraba duniya. Yankunan siyasa ne kuma suna iya wuce ainihin yankin da ake nomawa. Maɓalli: Green = Yanayin halitta; Purple = An gabatar da wannan aikin akan shi.<ref name="POWO" />]] Gyada suna girma mafi kyau a cikin haske, yashi mai laushi tare da pH na 5.9-7. Ikon su na gyara nitrogen yana nufin cewa idan sun yi amfani da su yadda ya kamata, gyada suna amfana kadan ko basa amfana daga [[taki]] mai dauke da nitrogen, kuma suna inganta yawan haihuwa na ƙasa. Saboda haka, suna da mahimmanci a cikin juyawa na amfanin gona. Har ila yau, amfanin gona na gyada da kansa yana ƙaruwa a cikin juyawa ta hanyar rage cututtuka, kwari, da ciyawa. Misali, a [[Texas]], peanuts a cikin juyawa na shekaru uku tare da masara samar da 50% fiye da wadanda ba a juya su ba.<ref name="Baughman" /> Isasshen matakan phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, da micronutrients suma suna da mahimmanci don amfanin gona mai kyau.<ref name="Baughman" /> Peanuts suna buƙatar yanayi mai dumi a duk lokacin girma don bunkasa da kyau. Ana iya girma da su tare da kusan {{Convert|350|mm|in}} in) na ruwa, amma don mafi kyawun amfanin gona ana buƙatar akalla {{Convert|500|mm|in}} in).<ref name="Schilling-2003">{{Cite web |last=Schilling |first=Robert |date=February 5, 2003 |title=L'arachide histoire et perspectives |url=http://museum.agropolis.fr/pages/savoirs/arachide/arachide.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504233111/http://www.museum.agropolis.fr/pages/savoirs/arachide/arachide.htm |archive-date=May 4, 2015 |access-date=October 16, 2015 |website=L'arachide histoire et perspectives |publisher=Agropolis Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jauron |first=Richard |date=February 5, 1997 |title=Growing Peanuts in the Home Garden &#124; Horticulture and Home Pest News |url=http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortnews/1997/5-2-1997/peanuts.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991012200626/http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortnews/1997/5-2-1997/peanuts.html |archive-date=October 12, 1999 |access-date=May 30, 2011 |publisher=Ipm.iastate.edu}}</ref> Dangane da yanayin girma da cultivar na gyada, girbi yawanci kwanaki 90 zuwa 130 bayan shuka don nau'ikan nau'ikan ''A. h. fastigiata'', da kuma kwanaki 120 zuwa 150 bayan shuka ga nau'ikan subspecies A. h, hypogaea.<ref name="Schilling-2003" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsalis |first=Mark |last2=Puppala |first2=Naveen |last3=Goldberg |first3=Natalie |last4=Ashigh |first4=Jamshid |last5=Sanogo |first5=Soumaila |last6=Trostle |first6=Calvin |date=July 2009 |title=New Mexico Peanut Production |url=http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_circulars/CR-645.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231134505/http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_circulars/CR-645.pdf |archive-date=December 31, 2016 |access-date=October 16, 2015 |website=Circular-645 |publisher=New Mexico State University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Peanut |url=https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/peanut.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930163758/https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/peanut.html |archive-date=September 30, 2015 |access-date=October 16, 2015 |website=www.hort.purdue.edu}}</ref>&nbsp; Tsire-tsire na gyada suna ci gaba da samar da furanni lokacin da pods ke tasowa; sabili da haka, wasu pods ba su manyanta ba ko da sun shirya don girbi. Don kara yawan amfanin gona, lokacin girbi yana da mahimmanci. Idan ya yi wuri sosai, ƙwayoyin da yawa ba za su manyanta ba; idan sun makara, ƙwayoyen za su fashe a kan tsutsa kuma su kasance a cikin ƙasa.<ref name="PCA_Harvesting">{{Cite web |title=How peanuts are Grown&nbsp;– Harvesting&nbsp;– PCA |url=http://www.pca.com.au/howgrown.php?subaction=showfull&id=1207540158&archive=&start_from=&ucat=25& |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719165546/http://www.pca.com.au/howgrown.php?subaction=showfull&id=1207540158&archive=&start_from=&ucat=25& |archive-date=July 19, 2008 |access-date=May 30, 2011 |publisher=Peanut Company of Australia}}</ref> Don girbi, an cire dukkan shuka, gami da mafi yawan tushen, daga ƙasa.<ref name="PCA_Harvesting" /> Babban abubuwan da ke iyakance amfanin gona a yankuna masu tsaka-tsaki shine fari da damuwa mai zafi. Matakan ci gaban haihuwa kafin fure. Baya ga nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium, wasu rashi masu gina jiki da ke haifar da asarar amfanin gona sune calcium, baƙin ƙarfe da boron. Matsalar kwayoyin halitta galibi sun haɗa da kwari, cututtuka, da ciyawa. Daga cikin kwari kwari, poders, aphids, da mites suna da mahimmanci. Mafi mahimman cututtukan sune tabo na ganye, rusts, da ƙwayoyin cuta masu samar da guba ''Aspergillus'' . A cikin tsarin inji, ana amfani da na'ura don yanke babban tushen shuka ta hanyar yankewa ta ƙasa a ƙasa da matakin ƙwayoyi ƙwayoyi. Injin yana ɗaga "bush" daga ƙasa, yana girgiza shi, sannan ya juya shi, yana barin shuka a tsaye don kiyaye gyada daga ƙasa. Wannan yana ba da damar ƙwayoyi ƙwayoyi su bushe a hankali zuwa ƙasa da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na matakin danshi na asali a cikin kwana uku zuwa huɗu. A al'ada, ana jan gyada kuma ana juyawa da hannu. Bayan an busar da gyada sosai, ana cire gyadan daga sauran daji.<ref name="PCA_Harvesting" /><gallery class="center" mode="nolines" widths="180" heights="180" caption="Cultivation"> File:Arachis_hypogaea_006.JPG|Pegs growing into the soil. The buried tip of the peg develops into a fruit. File:Cultivation_of_peanut_crop_in_Junagadh_region_of_Western_India.jpg|Cultivation at the Directorate of Groundnut Research, [[Gujarat]], India, 2009 File:Peanut_harvester.JPG|Track-type peanut harvester File:Peanut_Collection_(8074787813).jpg|Harvesting peanuts by hand (Haiti, 2012) File:Harvest_of_peanuts.jpg|Harvest, Cameroon, 2016 </gallery> === Ire Ire === Akwai nau'ikan gyada da yawa da aka shuka a duniya. Kasuwancin da suka girma a Amurka sune Mutanen Espanya, Runner, Virginia, da Valencia.<ref name="Ruark">{{Cite web |last=Ruark |first=Elinor |title=Peanut Cultivars and Descriptions |url=http://caes2.caes.uga.edu/commodities/fieldcrops/peanuts/production/cultivardescription.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122224427/http://caes2.caes.uga.edu/commodities/fieldcrops/peanuts/production/cultivardescription.html |archive-date=November 22, 2016 |access-date=November 22, 2016 |website=caes2.caes.uga.edu}}</ref> Ana samar da gyada a manyan yankuna uku na Amurka: yankin kudu maso gabashin wanda ya hada da Alabama, Georgia, da Florida; yankin kudu maso yammacin wanda ya hada le [[New Mexico]], [[Oklahoma]], da Texas; kuma a cikin gabashin Amurka wanda ya hada ti Virginia, North Carolina, da South Carolina.<ref name="Ruark" /> A Georgia, Naomi Chapman Woodroof tana da alhakin bunkasa shirin noma na peanuts, wanda ya haifar da girbi kusan sau biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=naomi chapman woodroof; Programs & People Summer 2000 |url=https://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/magazine/summer_2000/naomi.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928040156/https://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/magazine/summer_2000/naomi.html |archive-date=September 28, 2021 |access-date=April 9, 2021 |website=www.cals.uidaho.edu}}</ref> Nau'ukan mutane suna girma a Afirka ta Kudu da kudu maso yamma da kudu maso gabashin Amurka. Har zuwa 1940, kashi 90% na gyada da aka shuka a [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Jihar Georgia ta Amurka]] sun kasance nau'ikan Mutanen Espanya, amma yanayin tun daga wannan lokacin ya kasance mafi girma, mafi girma, masu tsayar da cututtuka. Mutanen Espanya suna da mafi girman man fetur fiye da sauran nau'ikan man fetur. A Amurka, ƙungiyar Mutanen Espanya ta fi girma a New Mexico, Oklahoma, da Texas.<ref name="Ruark" /> === Kwayoyin cuta da cututtuka === Idan tsire-tsire na gyada suna fuskantar fari mai tsanani yayin samar da ƙwayoyin, ko kuma idan ba a adana ƙwayoyin ba yadda ya kamata, suna iya gurɓata su da ƙirar ''Aspergillus flavus'' wanda zai iya samar da aflatoxins masu cutar kansa. Ƙananan inganci da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sun fi kamuwa da cuta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hirano |first=S |last2=Shima |first2=T |last3=Shimada |first3=T |date=August 2001 |title=[Proportion of aflatoxin B1 contaminated kernels and its concentration in imported peanut samples] |journal=Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=237–42 |doi=10.3358/shokueishi.42.237 |pmid=11817138 |doi-access=free}}</ref> USDA tana gwada kowane truckload na raw peanuts don aflatoxin; duk wanda ke dauke da fiye da sassa 15 a kowace biliyan ana lalata shi. Masana'antar tana da matakai na masana'antu don tabbatar da cewa ana bincika dukkan gyada don aflatoxin. Ana amfani da gyada da aka gwada don samun babban aflatoxin don yin man gyada inda za'a iya cire ƙirar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2017 |title=Why Georgia farmers decided to shell their own peanuts |url=https://newfoodeconomy.org/georgia-peanut-farmers-face-an-unlikely-challenge-shelling/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704053851/https://newfoodeconomy.org/georgia-peanut-farmers-face-an-unlikely-challenge-shelling/ |archive-date=July 4, 2019 |access-date=July 4, 2019 |website=New Food Economy}}</ref> Fungi, ''Alternaria arachidis'' na iya shafar ganyen tururuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Species Fungorum - Names Record |url=https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=308498 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807092422/https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=308498 |archive-date=August 7, 2023 |access-date=August 7, 2023 |website=www.speciesfungorum.org}}</ref> == Fitarwa == {| class="wikitable floatright col2right" |+Fitar da man shanu 2023, miliyoyin ton<br />{{Small|2023, millions of tonnes}} |{{CHN}} |19.2 |- |{{IND}} |10.3 |- |{{NGA}} |4.3 |- | Amurka |2.7 |- | Sudan |1.4 |- |'''Duniya''' |'''54.3''' |- | colspan="2" |{{Small|Source: [[FAOSTAT]]<br> of the [[United Nations]]}}<ref name="faostat">{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Peanut production (as groundnuts excluding shelled) in 2023, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists) |url=https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104164114/https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL |archive-date=January 4, 2024 |access-date=2 July 2025 |publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)}}</ref> |} A cikin 2023, samar da gyada a duniya (wanda aka ruwaito a matsayin gyada ba tare da harsashi ba) ya kai tan miliyan 54, wanda China ta jagoranta da kashi 36% na jimlar kuma Indiya da kashi 19% (teburin). == Rashin jituwa == Wasu mutane (1.4-2% a Turai da Amurka) suna fuskantar halayen rashin lafiyan ga bayyanar gyada; alamun suna daga idanu masu ruwa zuwa damuwa ta anaphylactic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lange |first=Lars |last2=Klimek |first2=Ludger |last3=Beyer |first3=Kirsten |last4=Blümchen |first4=Katharina |last5=Novak |first5=Natalija |last6=Hamelmann |first6=Eckard |last7=Bauer |first7=Andrea |last8=Merk |first8=Hans |last9=Rabe |first9=Uta |last10=Jung |first10=Kirsten |last11=Schlenter |first11=Wolfgang |last12=Ring |first12=Johannes |last13=Chaker |first13=Adam |last14=Wehrmann |first14=Wolfgang |last15=Becker |first15=Sven |display-authors=3 |date=2021 |title=White paper on peanut allergy – part 1: Epidemiology, burden of disease, health economic aspects |journal=Allergo Journal International |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=261–269 |doi=10.1007/s40629-021-00189-z |issn=2197-0378 |pmc=8477625 |pmid=34603938}}</ref> Tunanin tsabta na rashin lafiyan ya bayyana cewa rashin bayyanar yara na farko ga masu kamuwa da cuta kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayar cuta na iya haifar da karuwar rashin lafiyan abinci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2010 |title=Peanut Allergy on the Rise: Why? |url=https://www.webmd.com/allergies/news/20100514/peanut-allergies-in-kids-on-the-rise |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100517091953/http://www.webmd.com/allergies/news/20100514/peanut-allergies-in-kids-on-the-rise? |archive-date=May 17, 2010 |access-date=May 18, 2010 |website=WebMD}}</ref> Saurin bayyanar da gyada a ƙuruciya na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da rashin lafiyan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Høst |first=A. |last2=Halken |first2=S |last3=Muraro |first3=A. |last4=Dreborg |first4=S |last5=Niggemann |first5=B. |last6=Aalberse |first6=R |last7=Arshad |first7=S. H. |last8=Von Berg |first8=A. |last9=Carlsen |first9=KH |last10=Duschén |first10=Karel |last11=Eigenmann |first11=Philippe A. |last12=Hill |first12=David |last13=Jones |first13=Catherine |last14=Mellon |first14=Michael |last15=Oldeus |first15=Göran |display-authors=3 |year=2008 |title=Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children |journal=Pediatric Allergy and Immunology |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00680.x |pmid=18199086 |s2cid=8831420}}</ref> An haɗa rashin lafiyan gyada tare da amfani da shirye-shiryen fata wanda ke dauke da man gyada tsakanin yara, amma shaidar ba ta da tabbas. Ana danganta rashin lafiyan gyada da tarihin iyali da cin kayan suya.<ref name="lack">{{Cite journal |last=Lack |first=Gideon |last2=Fox |first2=Deborah |last3=Northstone |first3=Kate |last4=Golding |first4=Jean |date=13 March 2003 |title=Factors Associated with the Development of Peanut Allergy in Childhood |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2003-03-13_348_11/page/977 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=348 |issue=11 |pages=977–985 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013536 |pmid=12637607}}</ref> Man gyada mai tsabta ba ya haifar da halayen rashin lafiyan a yawancin mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiyan man gyada.<ref name="The anaphylaxis campaign">{{Cite web |title=The anaphylaxis campaign: peanut oil |url=http://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/information/peanut_oil.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418090105/http://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/information/peanut_oil.html |archive-date=April 18, 2008 |access-date=August 18, 2009 |publisher=Anaphylaxis.org.uk}}</ref> Koyaya, gyada marasa ƙanshi (marasa ƙima) suna ƙunshe da furotin, wanda zai iya haifar da halayen rashin lafiyan.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hoffman DR, Collins-Williams C |year=1994 |title=Cold-pressed peanut oils may contain peanut allergen |journal=[[The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology]] |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=801–802 |doi=10.1016/0091-6749(94)90262-3 |pmid=8163791 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hourihane |first=Jonathan O'B. |last2=Bedwani |first2=Simon J. |last3=Dean |first3=Taraneh P. |last4=Warner |first4=John O. |date=12 April 1997 |title=Randomised, double blind, crossover challenge study of allergenicity of peanut oils in subjects allergic to peanuts |journal=[[The BMJ]] |volume=314 |issue=7087 |pages=1084–1088 |doi=10.1136/bmj.314.7087.1084 |pmc=2126478 |pmid=9133891}}</ref> Wasu Gundumomin makaranta a Amurka da sauran wurare sun haramta peanuts da kayayyakin da ke dauke da su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 14, 2008 |title=School peanut ban in need of review |url=http://www.nashuatelegraph.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080914/OPINION01/309149938 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005120233/http://www.nashuatelegraph.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080914/OPINION01/309149938 |archive-date=October 5, 2008 |access-date=August 18, 2009 |website=Nashua Telegraph}}</ref> Koyaya, binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015 a Kanada bai sami bambanci a cikin kashi na bayyanar haɗari da ke faruwa a makarantu da ke hana peanuts idan aka kwatanta da makarantu da suka ba su damar ba da izini ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cherkaoui |first=Sabrine |last2=Ben-Shoshan |first2=Moshe |last3=Alizadehfar |first3=Reza |last4=Asai |first4=Yuka |last5=Chan |first5=Edmond |last6=Cheuk |first6=Stephen |last7=Shand |first7=Greg |last8=St-Pierre |first8=Yvan |last9=Harada |first9=Laurie |date=January 1, 2015 |title=Accidental exposures to peanut in a large cohort of Canadian children with peanut allergy |journal=Clinical and Translational Allergy |volume=5 |doi=10.1186/s13601-015-0055-x |pmc=4389801 |pmid=25861446 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Amfani da shi == === Abinci ===   Raw Valencia peanuts ne 4% ruwa, 48% mai, 25% [[Protein (mai gina jiki)|furotin]], da 21% carbohydrates (tebur). A ma’aunin '''gram 100 (oz 3.5)''' na gyada, tana samar da kimanin '''kilojoules 2,385 (kilocalories 570)''' na kuzarin abinci. Haka kuma, tana ɗauke da '''gram 9 na sinadarin fiber''', kuma tana da wadatar wasu '''bitamin na B''', '''bitamin E''', da ma’adanai daban-daban masu amfani ga jiki, kamar '''manganese, magnesium, da phosphorus'''. Yawancin kitsen da ke cikin gyada sun ƙunshi '''polyunsaturated fat''' da '''monounsaturated fat''', waɗanda idan aka haɗa su suka kai kusan '''83% na jimillar kitsen da ke cikin gyadar'''. Wasu binciken sun nuna cewa amfani da gyada na yau da kullun yana da alaƙa da ƙananan haɗarin Mutuwa daga wasu cututtuka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bao |first=Ying |last2=Han |first2=Jiali |last3=Hu |first3=Frank B. |last4=Giovannucci |first4=Edward L. |last5=Stampfer |first5=Meir J. |last6=Willett |first6=Walter C. |last7=Fuchs |first7=Charles S. |date=November 21, 2013 |title=Association of Nut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=369 |issue=21 |pages=2001–2011 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1307352 |issn=0028-4793 |pmc=3931001 |pmid=24256379}}</ref><ref name="lpi" /> Koyaya, ƙirar binciken ba ta ba da izinin haifar da sakamakon ba. A cewar Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka, "Shaidar kimiyya ta nuna amma ba ta tabbatar da cewa cin 1.5 ounces a kowace rana na mafi yawan kwayoyi (kamar peanuts) a matsayin wani ɓangare na abincin da ke da karancin kitse da cholesterol na iya rage haɗarin cutar zuciya ba. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor CL |date=July 14, 2003 |title=Qualified Health Claims: Letter of Enforcement Discretion – Nuts and Coronary Heart Disease (Docket No 02P-0505) |url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ucm072926.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002013831/http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ucm072926.htm |archive-date=October 2, 2013 |access-date=October 14, 2015 |publisher=Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA}}</ref> === Rashin abinci mai gina jiki === Tare da babban furotin, ana amfani da gyada don taimakawa wajen rage ko hana [[Rashin abinci mai gina jiki]]. Plumpy Nut, MANA Nutrition, da Medika Mamba sune babban furotin, babban makamashi, da kuma kayan abinci mai gina jiki da aka kirkira don a yi amfani da su azaman abinci mai warkewa ta hukumomin da suka hada da [[Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka|USAID]] don taimakawa wajen sassautawa wajen taimakawa cikin taimakon yunwa a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=M. J. |date=2025-03-03 |title=USAID reinstates contracts for Georgia company that helps feed malnourished kids after Elon Musk responds to CNN reporting |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/03/politics/usaid-reinstates-contracts-for-georgia-company/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250303141656/https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/03/politics/usaid-reinstates-contracts-for-georgia-company/index.html |archive-date=March 3, 2025 |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Raymond |first=Bret |title=Rwaza Health Centre: Efficacy Study Results |url=http://mananutrition.org/img/uploads/MANA-Report-final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118120743/http://mananutrition.org/img/uploads/MANA-Report-final.pdf |archive-date=January 18, 2012 |access-date=July 15, 2011 |website=mananutrition.org |publisher=MANA Nutrition}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meds & Food For Kids ::&nbsp;— Medika Mamba |url=http://mfkhaiti.org/index.php/the_solution/medika_mamba/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408043914/http://mfkhaiti.org/index.php/the_solution/medika_mamba |archive-date=April 8, 2010 |access-date=April 23, 2010 |website=mfkhaiti.org}}</ref> Ana iya amfani da gyada kamar sauran legumes da hatsi don yin abin sha mai kama da [[madara]], madara, wanda aka haɓaka a matsayin hanyar rage rashin abinci mai gina jiki tsakanin yara.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kane |first=Nimsate |last2=Ahmedna |first2=Mohamed |last3=Yu |first3=Jianmei |year=2010 |title=Development of a fortified peanut-based infant formula for recovery of severely malnourished children |journal=International Journal of Food Science and Technology |volume=45 |issue=10 |pages=1965–1972 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02330.x}}</ref> === Abinci na dabba === Ana iya amfani da saman tsire-tsire da raguwar amfanin gona don [[silage]]. Gudanar da gyada na masana'antu yana cire bawon masu wadataccen fiber a cikin adadi mai yawa; waɗannan na iya ciyar da dabbobi, musamman ruminants. Ana amfani da ragowar man gyada daga sarrafa man gyada azaman abincin dabba da taki na ƙasa, yawanci a cikin abinci (mai laushi). Yana mai da hankali kan abubuwan da ba na mai ba na tsaban na gyada kuma yana ƙunshe da wasu man gyada. Gurasar ƙwayoyin cuta abinci ne na dabbobi, galibi shanu ne ke amfani da su azaman kariyar furotin. Yana daya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin abinci mai mahimmanci ga kowane nau'in dabbobi kuma ɗayan sinadaran da suka fi aiki don abincin kaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onwudike |first=O.C. |date=November 1986 |title=Palm kernel meal as a feed for poultry. 1. Composition of palm kernel meal and availability of its amino acids to chicks |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0377840186901082 |url-status=live |journal=Animal Feed Science and Technology |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=179–186 |doi=10.1016/0377-8401(86)90108-2 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204042029/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0377840186901082 |archive-date=December 4, 2024 |access-date=November 23, 2024}}</ref> Rashin adana cake a wasu lokuta na iya haifar da gurɓata ta hanyar aflatoxin, [[mycotoxin]] na halitta wanda ''Aspergillus flavus'' da ''Aspergillus parasiticus'' ke samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=3. Feed values and feeding potential of major agro-byproducts |url=http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5480e/x5480e03.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528215615/http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5480e/x5480e03.htm |archive-date=May 28, 2015 |access-date=May 25, 2015 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta (tsuntsaye) za a iya ciyar da su gaba ɗaya ga dabbobi, alal misali, waɗanda ke kan adadin samarwa (kamar a Amurka) ko waɗanda ke da mafi girman abun ciki na aflatoxin fiye da wanda ka'idojin abinci suka ba da izini amma har yanzu a cikin matakin da ka'idoorin ciyar da dabbobi suka ba da damar. == Kayayyakin da za a iya cinyewa == === Dukkanin gyada === Kashewa mai bushewa hanya ce ta yau da kullun ta shirya, kodayake dandano mai ya ɓace da sauri fiye da yadda aka gasa man gyada ko kuma gasa man gyada (mai gasa bayan an tsoma shi cikin ruwa). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shi |first=X. |last2=Davis, J.P. |last3=Xia, Z. |last4=Sandeep, K.P. |last5=Sanders, T.H. |last6=Dean, L.L. |year=2016 |title=Characterization of peanuts after dry roasting, oil roasting, and blister frying |url=https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=330876 |url-status=live |journal=[[LWT - Food Science and Technology]] |issue=75 |pages=520–528 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421122045/https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=330876 |archive-date=April 21, 2025 |access-date=February 6, 2026}}</ref> Tafasashshen gyada da aka dafa sune sanannen abincin dare a Indiya, China, Afirka ta Yamma, da kudancin Amurka. A Kudancin Amurka, ana shirya naman alade da aka dafa sau da yawa a cikin ruwan gishiri kuma ana sayar da su a kan tituna.<ref name="Lee 2011" /> Sabbin "kore" peanuts (ba a bushe su ba) suna shirye don tafasa; dole ne a sake saka ruwa a raw dehydrated peanuts kafin a tafasa (yawanci a cikin kwano cike da ruwa da dare). <ref name="Lee 2011">{{Cite web |title=FAQ |url=http://www.boiledpeanuts.com/faq.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113031350/http://www.boiledpeanuts.com/faq.html |archive-date=November 13, 2011 |access-date=October 30, 2011 |website=BoiledPeanuts.com |publisher=The Lee Bros}}</ref> === Man gyada === Ana amfani da man gyada sau da yawa a cikin dafa abinci saboda yana da ɗanɗano mai sauƙi da kuma hayaki mai yawa. Saboda yawan kitsen da ke ciki, ana ɗaukarsa mafi lafiya fiye da mai kuma yana tsayayya da rancidity. Nau'ikan man gyada da yawa sun haɗa da man gyada mai ƙanshi, man zaitun mai tsabta, ko man gyada mai sanyi, da kuma cire man gyada. Man gyada mai tsabta ya keɓe daga dokokin lakabin allergen a Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-282, Title II) |url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/LabelingNutrition/FoodAllergensLabeling/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/ucm106187.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606082335/http://www.fda.gov/Food/LabelingNutrition/FoodAllergensLabeling/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/ucm106187.htm |archive-date=June 6, 2009 |access-date=May 30, 2011 |website=FDA.gov |publisher=US Food & Drug Administration}}</ref> Abincin abinci na yau da kullun da man Saladi, man gyada shine 46% mai monounsaturated (da farko oleic Aceit), 32% mai polyunsaturated mai (da farko linoleic acid), da 17% mai saturated mai (da yawa palmitic acid) (tushen teburin abinci mai gina jiki). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ozcan MM |year=2010 |title=Some nutritional characteristics of kernel and oil of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jos/59/1/59_1_1/_pdf |url-status=live |journal=J Oleo Sci |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.5650/jos.59.1 |pmid=20032593 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913231233/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jos/59/1/59_1_1/_pdf |archive-date=September 13, 2017 |access-date=November 2, 2017 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya cire shi daga dukkan gyada ta amfani da ruwa mai sauƙi da hanyar centrifugation, shirin NASA na Advanced Life Support yana la'akari da man don Ayyukan sararin samaniya na ɗan adam na gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Shi L, Lu JY, Jones G, Loretan PA, Hill WA |year=1998 |title=Characteristics and composition of peanut oil prepared by an aqueous extraction method |journal=Life Support Biosph Sci |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=225–9 |pmid=11541680}}</ref> === Man gyada === '''Man gyada (Peanut Butter)''' abinci ne mai kauri ko man shafawa da ake yi ta hanyar nika busasshiyar gyada da aka gasa. Sau da yawa ana ƙara wasu sinadarai domin canza ɗanɗano ko kaurinsa, kamar gishiri, kayan zaƙi, ko sinadaran haɗawa. Wasu kamfanoni suna ƙara wasu ɗanɗano daban-daban a cikin man gyada, kamar '''cakulan, kek na ranar haihuwa, da zabibi mai ɗanɗanon kirfa'''. Ana amfani da man gyada wajen shafawa a kan '''burodi, toast ko crackers''', kuma ana yin sandwich da shi, musamman '''sandwich na man gyada da jelly'''. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi wajen yin wasu kayan zaƙi da abinci, kamar '''granola bars masu ɗanɗanon gyada, croissants da sauran irin kek'''. '''Ƙasar Amurka''' tana daga cikin manyan ƙasashen da ke fitar da man gyada zuwa wasu ƙasashe, kuma tana amfani da kusan '''dala miliyan 800''' na man gyada a kowace shekara. === Gurasar gyada === Ana amfani da garin gyada a cikin dafa abinci ba tare da gluten ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Are You Gluten Free? |url=https://nationalpeanutboard.org/news/gluten-free-living/ |access-date=6 February 2026 |publisher=National Peanut Board}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Gyada don gina jiki === Ana samar da furotin na gyada da kuma warewa ta hanyar kasuwanci daga garin gyada da aka lalata ta amfani da hanyoyi da yawa. Ana samar da furotin mai laushi (kimanin kashi 70 cikin 100) daga ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar cire mafi yawan mai da ruwa mai narkewa, abubuwan da ba na furotin ba. Ana iya amfani da matsin hydraulic, matsin tururi, cire mai narkewa, da kuma matsin lamba tare da cire mai narkarwa don cire mai, bayan haka ana aiwatar da warewar furotin da tsarkakewa.<gallery class="center" mode="nolines" widths="180" heights="180" caption="Edible products"> File:Peanutjar.jpg|Roasted peanuts as snack food File:Smoke_from_groundnut.JPG|Roasting of peanuts in India File:4_gallons_of_peanut_oil.jpg|Peanut oil File:PeanutButter.jpg|Peanut butter File:Roasted_Peanuts_with_shell.jpg|Roasted peanuts with shell File:SevMamra.jpg|Sev mamra, puffed rice, peanuts and fried seasoned noodles File:Peanut_chikki,_a_popular_foodstuff_of_jaggery_and_peanut_is_available_commercially_all_over_India.jpg|Chikki peanut sweet </gallery> == Abincin == === Latin Amurka === [[File:Cacahuates_Japoneses.jpg|thumb|Hanyoyin da aka kirkira a [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]]]] Gyada sun zama ruwan dare a cikin abincin Peruvian da Mexican, dukansu biyu sun auri 'yan asalin ƙasar da na Turai. Misali, a Peru, sanannen abincin gargajiya shine picante de cuy, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gastronomía de Huánuco - Platos típicos - Pachamanca Picante de cuy |url=https://www.huanuco.com/departamento/cultura/gastronomia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120033507/http://www.huanuco.com/departamento/cultura/gastronomia/ |archive-date=November 20, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2015 |website=huanuco.com}}</ref> alade da aka gasa da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin sauce na peanuts (abin da aka samo asali daga Kudancin Amurka) tare da albasa da tafarnuwa (abin da ya samo asali daga abincin Turai). Har ila yau, a cikin birnin Arequipa na Peruvian, abincin da ake kira ''ocopa'' ya ƙunshi sauce mai santsi na naman alade da albasa mai zafi (duka 'yan asalin yankin) tare da albasa, tafarnuwa, da mai, wanda aka zuba a kan nama ko dankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Menú, recetas, cocina, nutricion |url=http://menuperu.elcomercio.pe/recetas/ocopa-1197 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021747/http://menuperu.elcomercio.pe/recetas/ocopa-1197 |archive-date=November 17, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2015 |website=menuperu.elcomercio.pe}}</ref> Wani misali shine Fricassee wanda ya haɗu da irin wannan cakuda tare da abincin teku mai sautéed ko kaza da aka dafa da kuma yanka. Wadannan jita-jita an san su da ''ajíes'', ma'ana "alkama mai zafi", kamar su ají de pollo da ají de mariscos (''ajíes'' na teku na iya watsar da man shanu). A Mexico, ana amfani da shi don shirya abinci na gargajiya daban-daban, kamar kaza a cikin naman alade (''encacahuatado''), kuma ana amfani dashi azaman babban sinadarin don shirya wasu shahararrun abinci kamar ja Pipián, mole poblano da oaxacan mole negro . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2020 |title=Demystifying mole, Mexico's national dish |url=https://www.mexconnect.com/articles/2122-demystifying-mole-mexico-s-national-dish/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117042543/https://www.mexconnect.com/articles/2122-demystifying-mole-mexico-s-national-dish/ |archive-date=January 17, 2025 |access-date=January 2, 2025 |website=MexConnect}}</ref> A ko'ina cikin yankin, ana yin sukari da kayan lambu da yawa ta amfani da gyada. A Mexico, ya zama ruwan dare an same su a cikin gabatarwa daban-daban kamar abincin rana ko alewa: gishiri, "Japanese" peanuts, Pralin, ''enchilados'' ko a cikin nau'in gargajiya mai dadi da aka yi da peanuts da zuma da ake kira ''palanqueta'', har ma da man gyada marzipan. Akwai irin wannan nau'in zuma a Brazil, wanda ake kira pé-de-moleque, wanda aka yi da zuma da molasses, wanda yayi kama da chikki na Indiya a cikin tsari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 20, 2019 |title=Brazilian sweets and desserts you must taste |url=https://riodejaneirobycariocas.com/7-brazilian-sweets-and-desserts-you-must-taste-in-rio-de-janeiro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408193514/https://riodejaneirobycariocas.com/7-brazilian-sweets-and-desserts-you-must-taste-in-rio-de-janeiro/ |archive-date=April 8, 2023 |access-date=April 8, 2023 |website=riodejaneirobycariocas.com}}</ref> === Kudu maso gabashin Asiya === [[File:9471Peanuts_snack_of_the_Philippines_06.jpg|thumb|Kayan da aka dafa a cikin Philippines]] Abincin Philippine da ke amfani da gyada shine ''kare-kare'', tare da nama a cikin soya mai ɗanɗano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villar |first=Roberto |date=August 2, 2019 |title=The Fascinating History of Kare-kare |url=https://esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/the-fascinating-history-of-kare-kare-a2386-20190802-lfrm2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213124006/https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/the-fascinating-history-of-kare-kare-a2386-20190802-lfrm2 |archive-date=December 13, 2019 |access-date=March 5, 2020 |website=Esquiremag.ph}}</ref> Kayan abinci na yau da kullun na Indonesiya sun haɗa da gado-gado, ''pecel'', ''[[karedok]]'', da ''ketoprak'', salads na kayan lambu da aka gauraya da soyawa da man gyada, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-20 |title=Mengulas Seputar Sejarah "Ketoprak" |url=https://kumparan.com/hijab-lifestyle/mengulas-seputar-sejarah-ketoprak-1534748596668444824 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020151916/https://kumparan.com/hijab-lifestyle/mengulas-seputar-sejarah-ketoprak-1534748596668444824 |archive-date=2019-10-20 |access-date=2019-10-20 |publisher=kumparan.com}}</ref> da kuma soya naman alade, ''satay''.<ref name="Sejarah Sate yang Mendunia: Dari India, Tiongkok, atau Asli Indonesia?">{{Cite web |title=Sejarah Sate yang Mendunia: Dari India, Tiongkok, atau Asli Indonesia? |url=https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/133825378/sejarah-sate-yang-mendunia-dari-india-tiongkok-atau-asli-indonesia?page=all |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211141850/https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/133825378/sejarah-sate-yang-mendunia-dari-india-tiongkok-atau-asli-indonesia?page=all |archive-date=December 11, 2025 |access-date=15 August 2025 |website=National Geographic |publisher=National Geographic Indonesia |language=Indonesian}}</ref> === Yankin Indiya === [[File:Boiled_Groundnut.jpg|thumb|Kayan da aka dafa a Indiya]] A cikin [[Geology na yankin Indiya|Yankin Indiya]], ana yin peanuts a cikin chikki, mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗana, ta hanyar sarrafawa tare da sukari mai tsabta da Jaggery. Abinci na Indiya yana amfani da naman alade da aka gasa, don ba da jiki mai laushi ga salads; ana ƙara su gaba ɗaya zuwa kayan lambu da shinkafa saboda wannan dalili. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Anjum |title=Chopped salad with peanuts |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/choppedsaladwithpean_86558 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906022628/https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/choppedsaladwithpean_86558 |archive-date=September 6, 2024 |access-date=6 February 2026 |website=BBC Food}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Peanut Stew |url=https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/69999/indian-peanut-stew/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630010730/https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/69999/indian-peanut-stew/ |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |access-date=6 February 2026 |website=All Recipes}}</ref> A Kudancin Indiya, ana cin naman alade Chutney tare da Dosas da idli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 29, 2022 |title=Peanut Chutney |url=https://www.indianhealthyrecipes.com/peanut-chutney-groundnut-chutney-recipe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211125749/https://www.indianhealthyrecipes.com/peanut-chutney-groundnut-chutney-recipe/ |archive-date=December 11, 2025 |access-date=February 6, 2026 |website=Swasthi's Recipes}}</ref> Ana amfani da gyada a matsayin dandano a cikin shinkafa tamarind.<ref name="indianhealthyrecipes">{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2026 |title=How to make pulihora (chintapandu pulihora) |url=https://www.indianhealthyrecipes.com/pulihora-recipe-andhra-pulihora/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407081124/https://www.indianhealthyrecipes.com/pulihora-recipe-andhra-pulihora/ |archive-date=April 7, 2024 |access-date=February 6, 2026 |website=Swasthi's Recipes}}</ref> === Yammacin Afirka === Ana amfani da gyada a cikin naman miya na [[Abincin Mali|Malian]]. A Ghana, ana amfani da man gyada don miya na man gyada ''nkate nkwan'' . Hakanan ana iya amfani da gyada da aka niƙa don [[Nkatie|kek na nkatie]] da ''[[Ƙuli-ƙuli|kuli-kuli]]'', da sauran abinci na gida kamar [[Kayan abinci na Ghana|''oto'']].<ref name="Ghanaian cuisine" /> === Gabashin Afirka === Peanuts wani abu ne na yau da kullun na kayan abinci da yawa (abincin da ke tare da ''[[Ugali|nshima]]'') da aka ci a [[Malawi]], da kuma gabashin [[Zambiya|Zambia]], kuma waɗannan jita-jita sun zama ruwan dare a duk ƙasashe biyu. Ana yin suya mai laushi a [[Uganda]] don ba da shinkafa da sauran abinci masu tsami. Groundnut stew, wanda ake kira ''ebinyebwa'' a Uganda, ana yin sa ne ta hanyar tafasa gari na gyada tare da wasu sinadaran, kamar kabewa, ƙwai, busassun kifi, nama ko kayan lambu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2008 |title=Ebinyebwa; a tale of the Ugandan groundnut stew |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/ugandaat50/-/1370466/1381822/-/uj1i9az/-/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227070055/http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/ugandaat50/-/1370466/1381822/-/uj1i9az/-/index.html |archive-date=December 27, 2015 |access-date=December 28, 2015 |website=monitor.co.ug |publisher=Daily Monitor |place=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> === Arewacin Amurka === [[File:Roasted_Peanuts_(2019).jpg|thumb|Kayan kwalliya da aka dafa]] Jihar Georgia ta jagoranci Amurka a cikin samar da gyada, tare da kashi 49 cikin dari na gonar gyada da fitarwa. A cikin shekara ta 2014, manoma sun noma kadada 591,000 na peanuts, suna samar da fam biliyan 2.4. Mafi shahararren manomi na gyada shine [[Jimmy Carter]] na Sumter County, Jojiya, wanda ya zama shugaban Amurka a shekarar 1977. A Amurka da Kanada, ana amfani da gyada a cikin sukari, kek, da kukis. Ana cin su a bushe ko ba tare da gishiri ba. Kashi casa'in da biyar na 'yan Kanada suna cinye su, tare da matsakaicin amfani da (6 + 1⁄2 ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara, yayin da kashi 79% na' yan Kanada ke cin gyada a kowane mako.<ref name="pbc">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Peanuts in Canada |url=http://www.peanutbureau.ca/all-about-peanuts/peanuts-in-canada.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207015440/http://www.peanutbureau.ca/all-about-peanuts/peanuts-in-canada.html |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2017 |website=peanutbureau.ca |publisher=Peanut Bureau of Canada}}</ref> {{Convert|3|kg|lb}}A Amurka, kayan gyada suna da mahimmanci a cikin abinci, kuma ana ɗaukar su azaman abinci na ta'aziyya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martinez-Carter |first=Karina |date=February 14, 2014 |title=As American as peanut butter |url=https://psmag.com/social-justice/american-peanut-butter-73234 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207013746/https://psmag.com/social-justice/american-peanut-butter-73234 |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2017 |website=psmag.com |publisher=Pacific Standard}}</ref> miyan man gyadayana wakiltar rabin amfani da Amurka da dala miliyan 850 a cikin tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara.<ref name="npb">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=History of Peanuts & Peanut Butter |url=http://nationalpeanutboard.org/peanut-info/history-peanuts-peanut-butter.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207012554/http://nationalpeanutboard.org/peanut-info/history-peanuts-peanut-butter.htm |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2017 |website=nationalpeanutboard.org |publisher=US National Peanut Board}}</ref> Ana samun miya a cikin abinci a jihohin kudu maso gabashin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 19, 2012 |title=The history of peanut soup |url=https://thevirginiamarketplace.blogspot.ca/2012/09/peanut-soup-mix-considered-asouthern.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207013627/http://thevirginiamarketplace.blogspot.ca/2012/09/peanut-soup-mix-considered-asouthern.html |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2017 |publisher=The Virginia Marketplace}}</ref> A kudancin Amurka, ana dafa gyada na sa'o'i da yawa har sai sunyilaushi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=16 Fun Facts about Peanuts & Peanut Butter; Number 13 |url=http://nationalpeanutboard.org/peanut-info/fun-facts.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123140938/http://nationalpeanutboard.org/peanut-info/fun-facts.htm |archive-date=November 23, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2017 |website=nationalpeanutboard.org |publisher=US National Peanut Board}}</ref> Ana iya dafa gyada sosai, wani lokacin a cikin kwalba. Kowane mutum, Amurkawa suna cin {{Convert|6|lb|kg}} kg (6 na kayan gyada a kowace shekara, a farashin sayarwa na dala biliyan 2.<ref name="npb" /> == Dubi kuma ==    == Bayani == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Notelist}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Ƙarin karantawa == * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] "Peanuts". ''New Georgia Encyclopedia''; 49% na amfanin gona na man shanu na Amurka ana shuka shi a jihar Georgia. * [Hasiya] (2015). [[iarchive:foodsthatchanged0000cumo|''Abinci da ya canza Tarihi: Yadda Abinci ya tsara wayewa daga Dā zuwa Yau'']]. Gaskiya a cikin Fayil. * [Hotuna a shafi na 9] "Tushen da tarihin groundnut" a cikin The groundnut crop: tushen kimiyya don ingantawa. Springer Netherlands. shafi na 24-42. * Hughes, Meredith Sayles (1999). Sanya wake kuma ya wuce peanuts: Legumes. Lerner * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] [[iarchive:tomatoespotatoes00john|''Tomatoes, Potatoes, Masara, da Beans: Yadda Abinci na Amurka ya Canja Cin abinci a Duniya'']]. Littattafan Atheneum. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 3] Creamy da Crunchy: Tarihin Ba da izini na Peanut Butter, Abinci na Amurka. Columbia University Press. * Singh, B., da U. Singh (1991). "Ma'adinai a matsayin Tushen Protein don Abinci na Mutum". ''Abinci na Shuka don Abinci na Mutum'' 41:165-177. * Skolnick, Helen S., da sauransu (2001). [https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/sb397b298 "Tarihin Halitta na Rashin Rashin Ruwa"]. ''Jaridar Allergy da Clinical Immunology'' . 107.2:367–374. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Peanuts: Tarihin Mai Girma na Goober Pea . Jami'ar Illinois Press. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] ''Shuka mai laushi: Tushen Kimiyya don Ingantawa''. Chapman da Hall. * Ofishin Tattalin Arziki na Amurka (1947). [[iarchive:peanutsinsouther65unit/page/n2/mode/1up|''Peanuts a cikin Aikin Gona na Kudancin'']]. * Variath, Murali T., da P. Janila (2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250712001734/https://oar.icrisat.org/10492/1/Economic%20and%20Academic%20Importance.pdf "Matsayin Tattalin Arziki da Ilimi na Man shanu"]. The Peanut Genome shafi na 7-26. == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lwutzyiaet4cj4hn2yjvmvs7ostta9k 4 8497 975474 975071 2026-11-03T06:48:05Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Shawara ta 5. Ka guji satar fasaha */ 975474 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ten Simple Rules for Editing Wikipedia.pdf|thumb|right|upright|Zaku iya karanta wannan shawarwarin da Turanci]] =='''Shawara ta 1.''' Kayi rajistar account== Duk da cewa zaku iya gyaran Wikipedia, tare da rubuta muƙaloli ba tare da kun yi rajistar account ba, yin rajistar yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Zaku iya zaɓar duk suna ko laƙabin da kuke son amfani da shi, domin yin rijistar kyauta ne. Sannan fahimci cewa duk gyaran da kuka yi, yana akan idanun dukkan editoci da ma masu karatu domin hakan shi ke bada damar sanin abunda kowa ke aiki akai, sannan da gyara abubuwan da ba dai-dai suke ba. Haka zalika, yin rajistar account zai baku wata damar amfani da wasu kebantattun abubuwa wanda sai mai account kawai zai iya amfani dasu, kamar amfani da shafin jerin abubuwan da ake bin sawu. =='''Shawara ta 2.''' Ka fahimci manufofi biyar== Da akwai wasu muhimman manufofin Wikipedia wanda ake kira '''[[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofi biyar]]''', yana da muhimmanci, ku fahimce su, kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da su a yayin da kuke gyaran Wikipedia. Yana da kyau, ku fahimci Wikipedia bata kawo rahoton labarai, wato wani abu wanda ba a riga an rubuta shi ba, a wata ingantacciyar hanyar samun bayanai ko kuma a sahihan littattafai. Sannan Wikipedia ba dandalin sada fadar ra'ayi bane inda zaka tallata kanka ko wani naka, kai koma wata hajarka. Wikipedia ta bambanta matuƙa da wasu sauran shafukan sada zumunta, dandalin tattaunawa ko kuma gidajen yanar gizon mujallu da jaridu da kuka saba dasu wanda suke bada damar kowa ya fadi ra'ayinsa yadda yake so. Ita Wikipedia, babbar manufar ta ita ce, tattaro dukkan tabbatacce da kuma sahihin ilimi da bayanan abun da ɗan Adam ya sani zuwa wuri guda domin amfanin kowa da kowa. Kasancewar Wikipedia na da editoci mabanbanta ra'ayoyi daga ko ina a duniya, ya zama wajibi kuyi mu'amala da kowa cikin girmamawa da kwanciyar hankali ko da a lokacin muhawara. Sannan Wikipedia bata da kayyadajjen lokacin da aka dibar mata domin gama rubuta ta, hasalima ita aiki ne wanda baida karshe. Saboda haka a ko da yaushe ana maraba da kai. =='''Shawara ta 3.''' Kar ka ji tsoro, amma kasan abun da kake== Indai kaga wata muƙala dake buƙatar wani gyara, ko yaya ƙanƙantar shi to kar ka ji tsoro, kawai ka aiwatar da gyaran. Wikipedia da ma wasu shafukan yanar gizo ce, ci gaban su yana ta'allaƙa ne ga jajircewar masu bada gudummuwa na sakai. Amma yana da kyau, ku bambance gyara mai ma'ana da kuma gyara mara ma'ana. =='''Shawara ta 4.''' Kasan wa kake rubuta mawa== A lokacin da kake rubuta muƙalar Wikipedia, ka fahimci kana yin rubuta ne wanda kowa da kowa zai iya karantawa a duk faɗin duniya. Saboda haka ka yi amfani da sassaukan kalmomi da kuma cikakken bayani domin fahimtar mutane da yawa. Kada ka yi rubutu irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban taron farfesoshi kada kuma ka yi irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban yan makarantar firamare; saboda haka rubutun ka ya zama tsaka-tsakiya domin sauƙin fahimta. =='''Shawara ta 5.''' Ka guji satar fasaha == Kasancewar kusan duk abunda ke a kan Wikipedia an bada shi a lasisin gama-gari ta yadda kowa zai iya amfani da abubuwan dake cikinta, to ya zama wajibi a kiyaye, duk kuma abunda za a sama Wikipedia shi ma ya zama yana da irin wannan lasisin. Saboda haka, Wikipedia bata ansar ko wane irin rubutu ko hoto wanda bashi da cikakken izini daga mai hakkin mallakar shi. Kada ku kwafo rubutu daga wasu shafukan yanar gizo, ko a litattafai ko jaridu ba tare da izini ba. Duk rubutun da aka tabbatar an kwafo shi daga wani guri ba tare da izini ba ana goge shi da gaggawa a Wikipedia tare dayin gargaɗi ga mai aikata hakan. Wikipedia ta ɗauki [[Haƙƙin mallaka|Haƙƙin Mallaka]] da matuƙar muhimmanci kuma ya zama tilas a kan kowane editan Wikipedia ya kiyaye wannan. =='''Shawara ta 6.''' Tabbatar da asalin abun da kake rubutawa== Wikipedia kundin ilimi ne na haƙiƙa. Domin tabbatar da hakan, ya zama tilas duk bayanin da ka bayar ka bada tushensa, wato sahihin wurin kamar jaridu, mujjallu ko litattafai. Haka zalika zaku iya bada tushen bayani ta hanyar malikin su a inda suke akan yanar gizo. Sannan ku fahimci cewa duk bayanin da kuka bayar da tushensa, kowa zai iya bincikawa domin ya tabbatar da gaskiyar al'amarin. Abubuwan da aka gano ba gaskiya bane dole a cire su daga Wikipedia baki ɗaya. =='''Shawara ta 7.''' Ka guji tallata kanka ko hajarka== Talla, kowace kala ce ta yi hannun riga da manufar Wikipedia; ku guje ta. Kada kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da Wikipedia wajen tallata kanku, ko wani mutum da kuke ƙauna ko kuma wani kasuwanci, ko fahimta ta addini ko siyasa. =='''Shawara ta 8.''' Yi amfani da iliminka cikin hikima== Yana da kyau ku bada gudummuwa a fannin da kuka karanta ko kuka fi sani, kamar ɓangaren ilimin kimiyya, tarihi ko kuma fasahar sadarwa. Amma ku fahimci Wikipedia bata amsar sabon ilimi daka gano ko kuma wani bincike da ka yi, wanda ba a riga an wallafa shi ba a sahiha. =='''Shawara ta 9.''' Yi rubutu daga mahangar da ba son rai== Dukkan muƙaloli dake a cikin Wikipedia ya zama tilas a rubuta su daga mahangar adalci, mahangar da ba bu son rai. In kana rubuta muƙala, ka rubuta iya sahihan bayanai da aka riga aka rubuta a ingantattun litattafai ko sahihan jaridu da makamantansu. =='''Shawara ta 10.''' Yi tambaya akan duk abun da baka gane ba== Wikipedia wani lokaci ta kan yi wahalar fahimta wurin sababbin editoci, musammam ta hanyar amfani wasu da ke wajen sarrafa shafi. Kada ku yi ƙasa a gwuiwa wajen tambaya akan duk wani abu da ya shige maku duhu ko kuke neman ƙarin bayani. Zaku iya neman taimako ta hanyoyi da dama. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne ta hanyar rubuta '''{{tlx|a taimaka mani}}''' akan [[Special:MyTalk|shafinku na tattaunawa]] tare da yin bayani irin taimakon da kuke so. Da zarar kun yi hakan, za a samu wani editan da zai zo ya amsa dukkan tambayoyinku. {{Wikipedia}} a7vwzobfucuu4k7v6gb082skxzujw3m 975478 975474 2026-11-03T06:55:35Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Shawara ta 5. Ka guji satar fasaha */ 975478 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ten Simple Rules for Editing Wikipedia.pdf|thumb|right|upright|Zaku iya karanta wannan shawarwarin da Turanci]] =='''Shawara ta 1.''' Kayi rajistar account== Duk da cewa zaku iya gyaran Wikipedia, tare da rubuta muƙaloli ba tare da kun yi rajistar account ba, yin rajistar yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Zaku iya zaɓar duk suna ko laƙabin da kuke son amfani da shi, domin yin rijistar kyauta ne. Sannan fahimci cewa duk gyaran da kuka yi, yana akan idanun dukkan editoci da ma masu karatu domin hakan shi ke bada damar sanin abunda kowa ke aiki akai, sannan da gyara abubuwan da ba dai-dai suke ba. Haka zalika, yin rajistar account zai baku wata damar amfani da wasu kebantattun abubuwa wanda sai mai account kawai zai iya amfani dasu, kamar amfani da shafin jerin abubuwan da ake bin sawu. =='''Shawara ta 2.''' Ka fahimci manufofi biyar== Da akwai wasu muhimman manufofin Wikipedia wanda ake kira '''[[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofi biyar]]''', yana da muhimmanci, ku fahimce su, kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da su a yayin da kuke gyaran Wikipedia. Yana da kyau, ku fahimci Wikipedia bata kawo rahoton labarai, wato wani abu wanda ba a riga an rubuta shi ba, a wata ingantacciyar hanyar samun bayanai ko kuma a sahihan littattafai. Sannan Wikipedia ba dandalin sada fadar ra'ayi bane inda zaka tallata kanka ko wani naka, kai koma wata hajarka. Wikipedia ta bambanta matuƙa da wasu sauran shafukan sada zumunta, dandalin tattaunawa ko kuma gidajen yanar gizon mujallu da jaridu da kuka saba dasu wanda suke bada damar kowa ya fadi ra'ayinsa yadda yake so. Ita Wikipedia, babbar manufar ta ita ce, tattaro dukkan tabbatacce da kuma sahihin ilimi da bayanan abun da ɗan Adam ya sani zuwa wuri guda domin amfanin kowa da kowa. Kasancewar Wikipedia na da editoci mabanbanta ra'ayoyi daga ko ina a duniya, ya zama wajibi kuyi mu'amala da kowa cikin girmamawa da kwanciyar hankali ko da a lokacin muhawara. Sannan Wikipedia bata da kayyadajjen lokacin da aka dibar mata domin gama rubuta ta, hasalima ita aiki ne wanda baida karshe. Saboda haka a ko da yaushe ana maraba da kai. =='''Shawara ta 3.''' Kar ka ji tsoro, amma kasan abun da kake== Indai kaga wata muƙala dake buƙatar wani gyara, ko yaya ƙanƙantar shi to kar ka ji tsoro, kawai ka aiwatar da gyaran. Wikipedia da ma wasu shafukan yanar gizo ce, ci gaban su yana ta'allaƙa ne ga jajircewar masu bada gudummuwa na sakai. Amma yana da kyau, ku bambance gyara mai ma'ana da kuma gyara mara ma'ana. =='''Shawara ta 4.''' Kasan wa kake rubuta mawa== A lokacin da kake rubuta muƙalar Wikipedia, ka fahimci kana yin rubuta ne wanda kowa da kowa zai iya karantawa a duk faɗin duniya. Saboda haka ka yi amfani da sassaukan kalmomi da kuma cikakken bayani domin fahimtar mutane da yawa. Kada ka yi rubutu irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban taron farfesoshi kada kuma ka yi irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban yan makarantar firamare; saboda haka rubutun ka ya zama tsaka-tsakiya domin sauƙin fahimta. =='''Shawara ta 5.''' Ka guji satar fasaha == Kasancewar kusan duk abunda ke a kan Wikipedia an bada shi a lasisin gama-gari ta yadda kowa zai iya amfani da abubuwan dake cikinta, to ya zama wajibi a kiyaye, duk kuma abunda za a sama Wikipedia shi ma ya zama yana da irin wannan lasisin. Saboda haka, Wikipedia bata ansar kowanne irin rubutu ko hoto wanda bashi da cikakken izini daga mai hakkin mallakar shi. Kada ku kwafo rubutu daga wasu shafukan yanar gizo, ko a litattafai ko jaridu ba tare da izini ba. Duk rubutun da aka tabbatar an kwafo shi daga wani guri ba tare da izini ba ana goge shi da gaggawa a Wikipedia tare dayin gargaɗi ga mai aikata hakan. Wikipedia ta ɗauki [[Haƙƙin mallaka|Haƙƙin Mallaka]] da matuƙar muhimmanci kuma ya zama tilas a kan kowane editan Wikipedia ya kiyaye wannan. =='''Shawara ta 6.''' Tabbatar da asalin abun da kake rubutawa== Wikipedia kundin ilimi ne na haƙiƙa. Domin tabbatar da hakan, ya zama tilas duk bayanin da ka bayar ka bada tushensa, wato sahihin wurin kamar jaridu, mujjallu ko litattafai. Haka zalika zaku iya bada tushen bayani ta hanyar malikin su a inda suke akan yanar gizo. Sannan ku fahimci cewa duk bayanin da kuka bayar da tushensa, kowa zai iya bincikawa domin ya tabbatar da gaskiyar al'amarin. Abubuwan da aka gano ba gaskiya bane dole a cire su daga Wikipedia baki ɗaya. =='''Shawara ta 7.''' Ka guji tallata kanka ko hajarka== Talla, kowace kala ce ta yi hannun riga da manufar Wikipedia; ku guje ta. Kada kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da Wikipedia wajen tallata kanku, ko wani mutum da kuke ƙauna ko kuma wani kasuwanci, ko fahimta ta addini ko siyasa. =='''Shawara ta 8.''' Yi amfani da iliminka cikin hikima== Yana da kyau ku bada gudummuwa a fannin da kuka karanta ko kuka fi sani, kamar ɓangaren ilimin kimiyya, tarihi ko kuma fasahar sadarwa. Amma ku fahimci Wikipedia bata amsar sabon ilimi daka gano ko kuma wani bincike da ka yi, wanda ba a riga an wallafa shi ba a sahiha. =='''Shawara ta 9.''' Yi rubutu daga mahangar da ba son rai== Dukkan muƙaloli dake a cikin Wikipedia ya zama tilas a rubuta su daga mahangar adalci, mahangar da ba bu son rai. In kana rubuta muƙala, ka rubuta iya sahihan bayanai da aka riga aka rubuta a ingantattun litattafai ko sahihan jaridu da makamantansu. =='''Shawara ta 10.''' Yi tambaya akan duk abun da baka gane ba== Wikipedia wani lokaci ta kan yi wahalar fahimta wurin sababbin editoci, musammam ta hanyar amfani wasu da ke wajen sarrafa shafi. Kada ku yi ƙasa a gwuiwa wajen tambaya akan duk wani abu da ya shige maku duhu ko kuke neman ƙarin bayani. Zaku iya neman taimako ta hanyoyi da dama. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne ta hanyar rubuta '''{{tlx|a taimaka mani}}''' akan [[Special:MyTalk|shafinku na tattaunawa]] tare da yin bayani irin taimakon da kuke so. Da zarar kun yi hakan, za a samu wani editan da zai zo ya amsa dukkan tambayoyinku. {{Wikipedia}} 2s9afmagxvbare2ry85ckb8varh8q6m 975483 975478 2026-11-03T06:58:42Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Shawara ta 7. Ka guji tallata kanka ko hajarka */ 975483 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ten Simple Rules for Editing Wikipedia.pdf|thumb|right|upright|Zaku iya karanta wannan shawarwarin da Turanci]] =='''Shawara ta 1.''' Kayi rajistar account== Duk da cewa zaku iya gyaran Wikipedia, tare da rubuta muƙaloli ba tare da kun yi rajistar account ba, yin rajistar yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Zaku iya zaɓar duk suna ko laƙabin da kuke son amfani da shi, domin yin rijistar kyauta ne. Sannan fahimci cewa duk gyaran da kuka yi, yana akan idanun dukkan editoci da ma masu karatu domin hakan shi ke bada damar sanin abunda kowa ke aiki akai, sannan da gyara abubuwan da ba dai-dai suke ba. Haka zalika, yin rajistar account zai baku wata damar amfani da wasu kebantattun abubuwa wanda sai mai account kawai zai iya amfani dasu, kamar amfani da shafin jerin abubuwan da ake bin sawu. =='''Shawara ta 2.''' Ka fahimci manufofi biyar== Da akwai wasu muhimman manufofin Wikipedia wanda ake kira '''[[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofi biyar]]''', yana da muhimmanci, ku fahimce su, kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da su a yayin da kuke gyaran Wikipedia. Yana da kyau, ku fahimci Wikipedia bata kawo rahoton labarai, wato wani abu wanda ba a riga an rubuta shi ba, a wata ingantacciyar hanyar samun bayanai ko kuma a sahihan littattafai. Sannan Wikipedia ba dandalin sada fadar ra'ayi bane inda zaka tallata kanka ko wani naka, kai koma wata hajarka. Wikipedia ta bambanta matuƙa da wasu sauran shafukan sada zumunta, dandalin tattaunawa ko kuma gidajen yanar gizon mujallu da jaridu da kuka saba dasu wanda suke bada damar kowa ya fadi ra'ayinsa yadda yake so. Ita Wikipedia, babbar manufar ta ita ce, tattaro dukkan tabbatacce da kuma sahihin ilimi da bayanan abun da ɗan Adam ya sani zuwa wuri guda domin amfanin kowa da kowa. Kasancewar Wikipedia na da editoci mabanbanta ra'ayoyi daga ko ina a duniya, ya zama wajibi kuyi mu'amala da kowa cikin girmamawa da kwanciyar hankali ko da a lokacin muhawara. Sannan Wikipedia bata da kayyadajjen lokacin da aka dibar mata domin gama rubuta ta, hasalima ita aiki ne wanda baida karshe. Saboda haka a ko da yaushe ana maraba da kai. =='''Shawara ta 3.''' Kar ka ji tsoro, amma kasan abun da kake== Indai kaga wata muƙala dake buƙatar wani gyara, ko yaya ƙanƙantar shi to kar ka ji tsoro, kawai ka aiwatar da gyaran. Wikipedia da ma wasu shafukan yanar gizo ce, ci gaban su yana ta'allaƙa ne ga jajircewar masu bada gudummuwa na sakai. Amma yana da kyau, ku bambance gyara mai ma'ana da kuma gyara mara ma'ana. =='''Shawara ta 4.''' Kasan wa kake rubuta mawa== A lokacin da kake rubuta muƙalar Wikipedia, ka fahimci kana yin rubuta ne wanda kowa da kowa zai iya karantawa a duk faɗin duniya. Saboda haka ka yi amfani da sassaukan kalmomi da kuma cikakken bayani domin fahimtar mutane da yawa. Kada ka yi rubutu irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban taron farfesoshi kada kuma ka yi irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban yan makarantar firamare; saboda haka rubutun ka ya zama tsaka-tsakiya domin sauƙin fahimta. =='''Shawara ta 5.''' Ka guji satar fasaha == Kasancewar kusan duk abunda ke a kan Wikipedia an bada shi a lasisin gama-gari ta yadda kowa zai iya amfani da abubuwan dake cikinta, to ya zama wajibi a kiyaye, duk kuma abunda za a sama Wikipedia shi ma ya zama yana da irin wannan lasisin. Saboda haka, Wikipedia bata ansar kowanne irin rubutu ko hoto wanda bashi da cikakken izini daga mai hakkin mallakar shi. Kada ku kwafo rubutu daga wasu shafukan yanar gizo, ko a litattafai ko jaridu ba tare da izini ba. Duk rubutun da aka tabbatar an kwafo shi daga wani guri ba tare da izini ba ana goge shi da gaggawa a Wikipedia tare dayin gargaɗi ga mai aikata hakan. Wikipedia ta ɗauki [[Haƙƙin mallaka|Haƙƙin Mallaka]] da matuƙar muhimmanci kuma ya zama tilas a kan kowane editan Wikipedia ya kiyaye wannan. =='''Shawara ta 6.''' Tabbatar da asalin abun da kake rubutawa== Wikipedia kundin ilimi ne na haƙiƙa. Domin tabbatar da hakan, ya zama tilas duk bayanin da ka bayar ka bada tushensa, wato sahihin wurin kamar jaridu, mujjallu ko litattafai. Haka zalika zaku iya bada tushen bayani ta hanyar malikin su a inda suke akan yanar gizo. Sannan ku fahimci cewa duk bayanin da kuka bayar da tushensa, kowa zai iya bincikawa domin ya tabbatar da gaskiyar al'amarin. Abubuwan da aka gano ba gaskiya bane dole a cire su daga Wikipedia baki ɗaya. =='''Shawara ta 7.''' Ka guji tallata kanka ko hajarka== Talla, kowace kala ce ta yi hannun riga da manufar Wikipedia; ku guje ta. Kada ku yi ƙoƙarin amfani da Wikipedia wajen tallata kanku, ko wani mutum da kuke ƙauna ko kuma wani kasuwanci, ko fahimta ta addini ko siyasa. =='''Shawara ta 8.''' Yi amfani da iliminka cikin hikima== Yana da kyau ku bada gudummuwa a fannin da kuka karanta ko kuka fi sani, kamar ɓangaren ilimin kimiyya, tarihi ko kuma fasahar sadarwa. Amma ku fahimci Wikipedia bata amsar sabon ilimi daka gano ko kuma wani bincike da ka yi, wanda ba a riga an wallafa shi ba a sahiha. =='''Shawara ta 9.''' Yi rubutu daga mahangar da ba son rai== Dukkan muƙaloli dake a cikin Wikipedia ya zama tilas a rubuta su daga mahangar adalci, mahangar da ba bu son rai. In kana rubuta muƙala, ka rubuta iya sahihan bayanai da aka riga aka rubuta a ingantattun litattafai ko sahihan jaridu da makamantansu. =='''Shawara ta 10.''' Yi tambaya akan duk abun da baka gane ba== Wikipedia wani lokaci ta kan yi wahalar fahimta wurin sababbin editoci, musammam ta hanyar amfani wasu da ke wajen sarrafa shafi. Kada ku yi ƙasa a gwuiwa wajen tambaya akan duk wani abu da ya shige maku duhu ko kuke neman ƙarin bayani. Zaku iya neman taimako ta hanyoyi da dama. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne ta hanyar rubuta '''{{tlx|a taimaka mani}}''' akan [[Special:MyTalk|shafinku na tattaunawa]] tare da yin bayani irin taimakon da kuke so. Da zarar kun yi hakan, za a samu wani editan da zai zo ya amsa dukkan tambayoyinku. {{Wikipedia}} p2mlqz2cjmnchv40nskzn623l028gpn 975485 975483 2026-11-03T07:05:40Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Shawara ta 10. Yi tambaya akan duk abun da baka gane ba */ 975485 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ten Simple Rules for Editing Wikipedia.pdf|thumb|right|upright|Zaku iya karanta wannan shawarwarin da Turanci]] =='''Shawara ta 1.''' Kayi rajistar account== Duk da cewa zaku iya gyaran Wikipedia, tare da rubuta muƙaloli ba tare da kun yi rajistar account ba, yin rajistar yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Zaku iya zaɓar duk suna ko laƙabin da kuke son amfani da shi, domin yin rijistar kyauta ne. Sannan fahimci cewa duk gyaran da kuka yi, yana akan idanun dukkan editoci da ma masu karatu domin hakan shi ke bada damar sanin abunda kowa ke aiki akai, sannan da gyara abubuwan da ba dai-dai suke ba. Haka zalika, yin rajistar account zai baku wata damar amfani da wasu kebantattun abubuwa wanda sai mai account kawai zai iya amfani dasu, kamar amfani da shafin jerin abubuwan da ake bin sawu. =='''Shawara ta 2.''' Ka fahimci manufofi biyar== Da akwai wasu muhimman manufofin Wikipedia wanda ake kira '''[[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofi biyar]]''', yana da muhimmanci, ku fahimce su, kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da su a yayin da kuke gyaran Wikipedia. Yana da kyau, ku fahimci Wikipedia bata kawo rahoton labarai, wato wani abu wanda ba a riga an rubuta shi ba, a wata ingantacciyar hanyar samun bayanai ko kuma a sahihan littattafai. Sannan Wikipedia ba dandalin sada fadar ra'ayi bane inda zaka tallata kanka ko wani naka, kai koma wata hajarka. Wikipedia ta bambanta matuƙa da wasu sauran shafukan sada zumunta, dandalin tattaunawa ko kuma gidajen yanar gizon mujallu da jaridu da kuka saba dasu wanda suke bada damar kowa ya fadi ra'ayinsa yadda yake so. Ita Wikipedia, babbar manufar ta ita ce, tattaro dukkan tabbatacce da kuma sahihin ilimi da bayanan abun da ɗan Adam ya sani zuwa wuri guda domin amfanin kowa da kowa. Kasancewar Wikipedia na da editoci mabanbanta ra'ayoyi daga ko ina a duniya, ya zama wajibi kuyi mu'amala da kowa cikin girmamawa da kwanciyar hankali ko da a lokacin muhawara. Sannan Wikipedia bata da kayyadajjen lokacin da aka dibar mata domin gama rubuta ta, hasalima ita aiki ne wanda baida karshe. Saboda haka a ko da yaushe ana maraba da kai. =='''Shawara ta 3.''' Kar ka ji tsoro, amma kasan abun da kake== Indai kaga wata muƙala dake buƙatar wani gyara, ko yaya ƙanƙantar shi to kar ka ji tsoro, kawai ka aiwatar da gyaran. Wikipedia da ma wasu shafukan yanar gizo ce, ci gaban su yana ta'allaƙa ne ga jajircewar masu bada gudummuwa na sakai. Amma yana da kyau, ku bambance gyara mai ma'ana da kuma gyara mara ma'ana. =='''Shawara ta 4.''' Kasan wa kake rubuta mawa== A lokacin da kake rubuta muƙalar Wikipedia, ka fahimci kana yin rubuta ne wanda kowa da kowa zai iya karantawa a duk faɗin duniya. Saboda haka ka yi amfani da sassaukan kalmomi da kuma cikakken bayani domin fahimtar mutane da yawa. Kada ka yi rubutu irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban taron farfesoshi kada kuma ka yi irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban yan makarantar firamare; saboda haka rubutun ka ya zama tsaka-tsakiya domin sauƙin fahimta. =='''Shawara ta 5.''' Ka guji satar fasaha == Kasancewar kusan duk abunda ke a kan Wikipedia an bada shi a lasisin gama-gari ta yadda kowa zai iya amfani da abubuwan dake cikinta, to ya zama wajibi a kiyaye, duk kuma abunda za a sama Wikipedia shi ma ya zama yana da irin wannan lasisin. Saboda haka, Wikipedia bata ansar kowanne irin rubutu ko hoto wanda bashi da cikakken izini daga mai hakkin mallakar shi. Kada ku kwafo rubutu daga wasu shafukan yanar gizo, ko a litattafai ko jaridu ba tare da izini ba. Duk rubutun da aka tabbatar an kwafo shi daga wani guri ba tare da izini ba ana goge shi da gaggawa a Wikipedia tare dayin gargaɗi ga mai aikata hakan. Wikipedia ta ɗauki [[Haƙƙin mallaka|Haƙƙin Mallaka]] da matuƙar muhimmanci kuma ya zama tilas a kan kowane editan Wikipedia ya kiyaye wannan. =='''Shawara ta 6.''' Tabbatar da asalin abun da kake rubutawa== Wikipedia kundin ilimi ne na haƙiƙa. Domin tabbatar da hakan, ya zama tilas duk bayanin da ka bayar ka bada tushensa, wato sahihin wurin kamar jaridu, mujjallu ko litattafai. Haka zalika zaku iya bada tushen bayani ta hanyar malikin su a inda suke akan yanar gizo. Sannan ku fahimci cewa duk bayanin da kuka bayar da tushensa, kowa zai iya bincikawa domin ya tabbatar da gaskiyar al'amarin. Abubuwan da aka gano ba gaskiya bane dole a cire su daga Wikipedia baki ɗaya. =='''Shawara ta 7.''' Ka guji tallata kanka ko hajarka== Talla, kowace kala ce ta yi hannun riga da manufar Wikipedia; ku guje ta. Kada ku yi ƙoƙarin amfani da Wikipedia wajen tallata kanku, ko wani mutum da kuke ƙauna ko kuma wani kasuwanci, ko fahimta ta addini ko siyasa. =='''Shawara ta 8.''' Yi amfani da iliminka cikin hikima== Yana da kyau ku bada gudummuwa a fannin da kuka karanta ko kuka fi sani, kamar ɓangaren ilimin kimiyya, tarihi ko kuma fasahar sadarwa. Amma ku fahimci Wikipedia bata amsar sabon ilimi daka gano ko kuma wani bincike da ka yi, wanda ba a riga an wallafa shi ba a sahiha. =='''Shawara ta 9.''' Yi rubutu daga mahangar da ba son rai== Dukkan muƙaloli dake a cikin Wikipedia ya zama tilas a rubuta su daga mahangar adalci, mahangar da ba bu son rai. In kana rubuta muƙala, ka rubuta iya sahihan bayanai da aka riga aka rubuta a ingantattun litattafai ko sahihan jaridu da makamantansu. =='''Shawara ta 10.''' Yi tambaya akan duk abun da baka gane ba== Wikipedia wani lokaci ta kan yi wahalar fahimta wurin sababbin editoci, musammam ta hanyar amfani wasu da ke wajen sarrafa shafi. Kada ku yi ƙasa a guiwa wajen tambaya akan duk wani abu da ya shige maku duhu ko kuke neman ƙarin bayani. Zaku iya neman taimako ta hanyoyi da dama. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne ta hanyar rubuta '''{{tlx|a taimaka mani}}''' akan [[Special:MyTalk|shafinku na tattaunawa]] tare da yin bayani irin taimakon da kuke so. Da zarar kun yi hakan, za a samu wani editan da zai zo ya amsa dukkan tambayoyinku. {{Wikipedia}} lbilsoff2bnap0emipipfmuf5tfvyzo 0 8906 975325 959333 2026-11-02T20:19:08Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ hada link 975325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> theoretical [[physicist]]<ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> wanda ya Samar da [[theory of relativity]], daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda [[quantum mechanics]]).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan [[mass–energy equivalence]] formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar a shekarar 1921 ta [[Nobel Prize a Physics]] "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the [[photoelectric effect]]",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> a pivotal step in the development of [[Introduction to quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin [[Newtonian mechanics]] was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== tni0qyqypkn93tucd32v7zwjilxxp2j 975326 975325 2026-11-02T20:22:24Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ gyara salon kalaman 975326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da [[theory of relativity]], daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda [[quantum mechanics]]).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan [[mass–energy equivalence]] formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar a shekarar 1921 ta [[Nobel Prize a Physics]] "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the [[photoelectric effect]]",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> a pivotal step in the development of [[Introduction to quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin [[Newtonian mechanics]] was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== qp5397h6pg6kwdem7esg0fulb2vlut8 975327 975326 2026-11-02T20:23:39Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda [[quantum mechanics]]).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan [[mass–energy equivalence]] formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar a shekarar 1921 ta [[Nobel Prize a Physics]] "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the [[photoelectric effect]]",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> a pivotal step in the development of [[Introduction to quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin [[Newtonian mechanics]] was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== cuibaccucqsftgxtaw8y11t6il1j9cd 975328 975327 2026-11-02T20:24:20Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan [[mass–energy equivalence]] formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar a shekarar 1921 ta [[Nobel Prize a Physics]] "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the [[photoelectric effect]]",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> a pivotal step in the development of [[Introduction to quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin [[Newtonian mechanics]] was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== 6u0f7xj81x361dhz6obujcrgqrlcrhy 975329 975328 2026-11-02T20:25:08Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar a shekarar 1921 ta [[Nobel Prize a Physics]] "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the [[photoelectric effect]]",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> a pivotal step in the development of [[Introduction to quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin [[Newtonian mechanics]] was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== mpt12acl3plxwx01s4k9upy4lj5vwx7 975330 975329 2026-11-02T20:25:44Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar a shekarar 1921 ta Nobel Prize a Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the [[photoelectric effect]]",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> a pivotal step in the development of [[Introduction to quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin [[Newtonian mechanics]] was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== tuo4e1c1rdv3ho0542epvif6zk0o9bc 975332 975330 2026-11-02T20:28:54Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ gyara salon kalaman 975332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the [[photoelectric effect]]",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> a pivotal step in the development of [[Introduction to quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin [[Newtonian mechanics]] was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== 598ud6gddx4giu2kaxtzx4j96lc4iqw 975333 975332 2026-11-02T20:30:27Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> a pivotal step in the development of [[Introduction to quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin [[Newtonian mechanics]] was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== baw5s1hcve1ae3gt0vhf4to7oxyec08 975334 975333 2026-11-02T20:32:55Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ fassara kalmomi daga turanci zuwa hausa 975334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> a pivotal step in the development of [[Introduction to quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin [[Newtonian mechanics]] was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== lknfj6cyz5wtx6yjzqqydo3pac0fvg9 975335 975334 2026-11-02T20:38:54Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ fassara kalmomi daga turanci zuwa hausa 975335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada [[Introduction to quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin [[Newtonian mechanics]] was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== 0ijwq8fhiun8sm2qe3l7ni0ss5r7kwr 975336 975335 2026-11-02T20:39:43Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin [[Newtonian mechanics]] was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== hr0d6lrdu29ntw6mzyia6h6lykzn2va 975339 975336 2026-11-02T20:48:32Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== iqqy11nc3mp1rpnf0x0umbnz6mv20i4 975340 975339 2026-11-02T20:53:09Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ fassara kalmomi daga turanci zuwa hausa 975340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the [[electromagnetic field]]. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== e1ub4h4ym366zketz1d9gx4un361pd0 975341 975340 2026-11-02T20:53:35Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da [[special theory of relativity]] kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== 9vbdinqdtito5vcghqr2h7t0t5o3fbh 975342 975341 2026-11-02T20:54:12Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana [[Swiss Patent Office]] a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== b8i3rg8yoy2drpq3huqqfpa4b0x7zwf 975343 975342 2026-11-02T20:54:39Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin [[Bern]] (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== cvk2700z0nyq1jad8d64q3xdtp9xxjg 975344 975343 2026-11-02T20:59:39Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== p11ix2pc84i73cn1nxh2nz1vv0szrs9 975345 975344 2026-11-02T21:06:32Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ fassara kalmomi daga turanci zuwa hausa 975345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, and he published a paper on [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== po1qi1ukwvfuqbl21msqnhomqofyths 975346 975345 2026-11-02T21:08:16Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ fassara kalmomi daga turanci zuwa hausa 975346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan [[general relativity]] a 1916 with his theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== 8qhgzxpdii8m4rcfdevbweqj3f4pzox 975347 975346 2026-11-02T21:09:19Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ fassara kalmomi daga turanci zuwa hausa 975347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan [[general relativity]] a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== h6s18krii1yfcu27nlgutpws24402np 975348 975347 2026-11-02T21:09:47Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== epffkrrmdmyq9nwuzkg1yh0q6h2dvro 975349 975348 2026-11-02T21:10:29Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ gyara kuskuren rubutu 975349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Yacigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== eayqq129vwxg90juqokd7j35f4id7i1 975350 975349 2026-11-02T21:10:55Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ gyara kuskuren rubutu 975350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== ny0yj0ps74ewxp84rwiswe4luwp34zw 975351 975350 2026-11-02T21:11:22Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics and quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== 1bnxhdywx15ngrf5hiyf1o8kbj449yb 975352 975351 2026-11-02T21:11:53Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ fassara kalmomi daga turanci zuwa hausa 975352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma [[Brownian motion|motion of molecules]]. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== sqntd2zuprv4mivyiz8x519zfqijjs6 975353 975352 2026-11-02T21:12:32Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon [[photon]] theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== 1he0u1d7v1t4cwvcoobg6srbaf6tkya 975354 975353 2026-11-02T21:13:08Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== c5y95rxnti66nydt40owxlljd071q6i 975383 975354 2026-11-02T21:57:32Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ fassara kalmomi daga turanci zuwa hausa 975383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, yayi amfani da general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== ihajp0j4wea1zjz0erxoj9qu41dbxik 975384 975383 2026-11-02T22:00:09Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ fassara kalmomi daga turanci zuwa hausa 975384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, yayi amfani da general theory of relativity wajen kwatanta misali yadda tsarin halittan duniya yake.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== g1804l4t5u5hk0uu7qokwfkf0zy4cqv 975405 975384 2026-11-02T23:51:38Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, yayi amfani da general theory of relativity wajen kwatanta misali yadda tsarin halittan duniya yake.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss federal polytechnic school (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake [[Zürich]] a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== le2a8h4b9pq3jkfru7q4zspigllgumj 975406 975405 2026-11-02T23:52:10Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, yayi amfani da general theory of relativity wajen kwatanta misali yadda tsarin halittan duniya yake.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss federal polytechnic school (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake Zürich a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga [[jami'ar Zurich]]. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== lmbwh50selc5c78gnaksesa0ac8wmhc 975407 975406 2026-11-02T23:52:49Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, yayi amfani da general theory of relativity wajen kwatanta misali yadda tsarin halittan duniya yake.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss federal polytechnic school (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake Zürich a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga jami'ar Zurich. A wannan shekara ya wallafa [[Annus Mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]] a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== bdjkuptg9t0h3uew4v5t1blcn8zl02y 975409 975407 2026-11-02T23:55:51Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, yayi amfani da general theory of relativity wajen kwatanta misali yadda tsarin halittan duniya yake.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss federal polytechnic school (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake Zürich a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga jami'ar Zurich. A wannan shekara ya wallafa four groundbreaking papers a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== 7hlfwnydfqogyq770960s4ssog75955 975410 975409 2026-11-02T23:57:58Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, yayi amfani da general theory of relativity wajen kwatanta misali yadda tsarin halittan duniya yake.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss federal polytechnic school (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake Zürich a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga jami'ar Zurich. A wannan shekara ya wallafa papers me dauke da sabbin ilimi Wanda Babu wanda ya Fara irin SA har guda hudu a lokacin dinshi ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== d2s3fg4fu2ag7wlad66ynio38dw09ra 975411 975410 2026-11-02T23:59:05Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, yayi amfani da general theory of relativity wajen kwatanta misali yadda tsarin halittan duniya yake.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss federal polytechnic school (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake Zürich a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga jami'ar Zurich. A wannan shekara ya wallafa papers me dauke da sabbin ilimi Wanda Babu wanda ya Fara irin SA har guda hudu a lokacin dinshi ''annus mirabilis'' (miracle year) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== p26d9zdv64v1oq3wqomosozzpenltzx 975412 975411 2026-11-03T00:01:42Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ fassara kalmomi daga turanci zuwa hausa 975412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, yayi amfani da general theory of relativity wajen kwatanta misali yadda tsarin halittan duniya yake.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss federal polytechnic school (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake Zürich a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga jami'ar Zurich. A wannan shekara ya wallafa papers me dauke da sabbin ilimi Wanda Babu wanda ya Fara irin SA har guda hudu a lokacin dinshi ''annus mirabilis'' (shekara ta mu'ujiza) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== p5mhp31om8fzzb0fkrvv3hebyeo9b13 975413 975412 2026-11-03T00:02:20Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ gyara kuskuren rubutu 975413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, yayi amfani da general theory of relativity wajen kwatanta misali yadda tsarin halittan duniya yake.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss federal polytechnic school (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake Zürich a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga jami'ar Zurich. A wannan shekara ya wallafa papers me dauke da sabbin ilimi Wanda Babu wanda ya Fara irin SA har guda hudu a lokacin dinshi ''annus mirabilis'' (shekara ta mu'ujiza) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]]. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== 0wu863jp6kpenfrbbsypq64k307nzx1 975414 975413 2026-11-03T00:02:58Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, yayi amfani da general theory of relativity wajen kwatanta misali yadda tsarin halittan duniya yake.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss federal polytechnic school (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake Zürich a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga jami'ar Zurich. A wannan shekara ya wallafa papers me dauke da sabbin ilimi Wanda Babu wanda ya Fara irin SA har guda hudu a lokacin dinshi ''annus mirabilis'' (shekara ta mu'ujiza) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa Prussian Academy of Sciences. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da [[Jewish]], Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== s0a3t8mrcat6s86bjg6oow702vseovs 975415 975414 2026-11-03T00:05:17Z Dark X 22 48183 /* */ cire mahada 975415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara Fassara}} {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Albert Einstein im Rosengarten in Bern (2022).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] '''Albert Einstein''' An haife shi a 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif dari takwas da saba'in da Tara 1879; yarasu a watan April shekara ta 1955) haifaffen kasar [[Jamus]] ne.<!-- Please do not change this—see talk page and its many archives.--> Kuma theoretical [[physicist]] <ref name="Bio">cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein&nbsp;– Biography |accessdate=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html%7C archivedate= 6 March 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no</ref> ne wanda ya Samar da theory of relativity, daya daga cikin ginshikan ilimin physics ayanzu (tareda quantum mechanics).<ref name="frs">cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7</ref> Ayyukan sa sun shahara ne akan philosophy din [[kimiyya]].<ref>Cite journal |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor-first=Don A. | editor-last=Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |accessdate=2015-02-04</ref><ref>Cite journal |first=Don A. | last=Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }} |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442</ref> Mutane sun sansa akan mass–energy equivalence formula, which has been dubbed "Itace formular da tafi kowacce sanuwa a duniya (E=MC²)".<ref>cite book |first=David | last=Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 </ref> Ya lashe kyautar nobel a shekarar 1921 a fannin Physics "Dan ayyukan sa akan theoretical physics, da Kuma musamman binciken da yayi ya samar da law of the photoelectric effect",<ref name="Nobel Prize" /> wanda ya bada babban gudumawa wajen hada quantum theory. A Farkon fara aikinsa, Einstein yayi tunanin Newtonian mechanics Bai Isa ba wajen hada laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. Wannan ne yakaisa ga Samar da special theory of relativity kansa a lokacin yana Swiss Patent Office a garin Bern (1902–1909), Switzerland. Amma Kuma, se ya ga cewa za iya amfani da principle of relativity a cikin gravitational fields, har ya wallafa rubutun akan general relativity a 1916 tare da nashi theory of gravitation. Ya cigaba da kokarin warware matsalar statistical mechanics da quantum theory, hakan yakaisa ga yin bayani akan particle theory da kuma motion of molecules. Ya kuma yi bincike akan thermal properties of light wanda yazama itace Farkon photon theory of light. A shekarar 1917, yayi amfani da general theory of relativity wajen kwatanta misali yadda tsarin halittan duniya yake.<ref name=Nobel> cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 </ref> Einstein yayi rayuwa a kasar Switzerland daga tsakanin shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1914, baccin shekara daya dayayi a Prague, daga nan ne yayarda yabar amfani da matsayin sa Dan kasar Jamus a shekarar 1896, sannan ya karbi sakamakon sa na diploma daga Swiss federal polytechnic school (daga bayan nan Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) dake Zürich a shekara ta 1900. Bayan zamansa Mara kasa na tsawon shekara biyar (5) yazama dan kasar Switzerland a shekara ta 1901, wanda yacigaba da rikewa har karshen rayuwarsa. A shekara ta 1905, yasamu sakamako na PhD daga jami'ar Zurich. A wannan shekara ya wallafa papers me dauke da sabbin ilimi Wanda Babu wanda ya Fara irin SA har guda hudu a lokacin dinshi ''annus mirabilis'' (shekara ta mu'ujiza) wanda yakaisa zuwa ga sanayyar makarantu a shekararsa 26. Einstein yakarantar da theoretical physics a Zurich tsakanin shekara ta 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1914 kafin yabar Berlin, inda aka zabesa Prussian Academy of Sciences. A shekara ta 1933, sanda Einstein yake ziyara a United States, [[Adolf Hitler]] yakai karagar mulki. Saboda alakarsa da Jewish, Einstein bai koma kasar Jamus ba.<ref>cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/</ref> Yasamu matsaguni a kasar United States daga nan yazama Dan kasa a shekarar 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> a jajibirin [[Yakin duniya II]], Ya aika da [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt]] inda yake labarta masa cewar akwai yuwuwar samarda "wasu sabbin bamabamai da ba'a taba irinsu ba" kuma yaga Amurika sunfara binciken kirkiransu. Wannan yasa aka fara [[Aikin Manhattan]]. Einstein yataimaki [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], amma bai goyi bayan amfani da makaman karedangi ba. Yasa hannu a [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]] philosopher Biritaniya wato [[Bertrand Russell]], whanda ya bayyana illolin makaman karedangin. Yayi hadin gwiwa da [[Institute for Advanced Study]] dake Princeton, New Jersey, har zuwa lokacin dayarasu a shekarar 1955. [[Fayil:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue 1951.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] [[Fayil:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein]] Einstein yayi wallafe wallafe akan kimiyya fiye da waraka 300 da wasu guda 150 wadanda basu shafi kimiyya..<ref name="Nobel" /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934),''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> nasarorinsa akan ilimi da asalinsa yasa anama sunansa "Einstein" kamar sunan "genius".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04</ref> [[Eugene Wigner]] Yayi rubutu game da Einstein dayake dangantashi da ire-irensa,"fahimtar Einstein ya zarfi har fahimtar [[John von Neumann|Jancsi von Neumann]], tunaninsa yafi ratsawa da asali akan na von Neumann.Kuma wannan jawabi da baza'a taba mancewa ba."<ref>''The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner'', By Eugene Paul Wigner, Andrew Szanton, (Springer, 11 Nov 2013), page 170</ref>. ==Manazarta== ikh32c18w2e06ijvalda443i2h3t02c 0 9213 975244 974792 2026-11-02T17:19:06Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 7tjqa4cdr1galsflazongth1mz5r2y8 975245 975244 2026-11-02T17:19:52Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 4knzisg25tlfy952j3riq4prduofaiz 975246 975245 2026-11-02T17:21:05Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] nvnyl82htyvo2t6fcu596q1ppeijnvc 975247 975246 2026-11-02T17:22:45Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 4pd6lvkeag9bc9bx9xzobm5gqs4f7nc 975248 975247 2026-11-02T17:23:27Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] qg584f9hids8bajgqhgo56u8hfai3sy 975249 975248 2026-11-02T17:26:05Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 28t6m0vwloh85oi48vwm6yktzyjlnc0 975250 975249 2026-11-02T17:26:50Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] i84l7jhoc3l45jfg83a4jivj0il3nlm 975251 975250 2026-11-02T17:27:53Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 59w94mfax195r82fl84hmak2sqkyna2 975253 975251 2026-11-02T17:28:28Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] cvc9lykaj322r4pfxs764z9q27fnkt7 975254 975253 2026-11-02T17:29:01Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] lat1ed2jzgrwnz05auv69ib0k650jej 975255 975254 2026-11-02T17:29:59Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] bg4gr2rbxl0mmipgx1a5h7i6mq9c3s9 975256 975255 2026-11-02T17:30:50Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] jqxrr3pfhazhc6a7pm3gzq2yu7lbycw 975257 975256 2026-11-02T17:31:23Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 7fvpmfts543j8fkfm17ykf3rzm5g9gv 975258 975257 2026-11-02T17:32:10Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] n6fnmk77j9ux79kolbre8fxjydz3rrl 975259 975258 2026-11-02T17:32:43Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] tr78sojxt9st9x7u7j27v9pcjvhs592 975260 975259 2026-11-02T17:34:24Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] qgm5ifk1crkmg3j12yt2ps9rnd6xdjy 975262 975260 2026-11-02T17:35:04Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 2qe7zafivkpigcxjx6eopdi4fm93kaa 975263 975262 2026-11-02T17:35:36Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] kn7hrceyqw86ktmv211cylp83eccpjh 975264 975263 2026-11-02T17:36:21Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] fipaxz9hun2bw5iu4w84e3fbwdtlues 975265 975264 2026-11-02T17:36:57Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 73r2juguew205edqsjumfyljh9figjr 975266 975265 2026-11-02T17:37:48Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] pd7rkblejei06kefo77302yaanmk1oh 975267 975266 2026-11-02T17:38:52Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |Onitsha North |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] knykfnak2iycgnkeqqs1aqym6njae3k 975268 975267 2026-11-02T17:39:30Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |Benue State |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |Onitsha North |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] sj87vc3o0isvoc5njnkhjnirsrbfru9 975269 975268 2026-11-02T17:40:04Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |Benue State |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |Ondo West |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |Onitsha North |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] el34833yey3an4kmnblaux1dgq80hsj 975270 975269 2026-11-02T17:40:57Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ogu/Bolo |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |Benue State |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |Ondo West |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |Onitsha North |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] odddi9j7j2mkofv7rxxslzwtc9p0wc4 975271 975270 2026-11-02T17:42:26Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ogu/Bolo |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |Benue State |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |Ondo West |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |Onitsha North |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 7hh3ysjylcw6gtmpuuguj87eeiku2or 975272 975271 2026-11-02T17:43:38Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |Offa |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ogu/Bolo |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |Benue State |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |Ondo West |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |Onitsha North |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] iwlqhwbml8ywof8rmv4aa3nltfaygfn 975273 975272 2026-11-02T17:44:46Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |Offa |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ogu/Bolo |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |Benue State |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |Ondo West |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |Onitsha North |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 727d2obkhgxu3m4ldgtj0kopotojutm 975274 975273 2026-11-02T17:45:32Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |Offa |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ogu/Bolo |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |Benue State |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |Ondo West |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |Onitsha North |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] lq3nwby7p6u2m3o6ex6386r1ivu1tbc 975275 975274 2026-11-02T17:46:16Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |Nnewi North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |Offa |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ogu/Bolo |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |Benue State |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |Ondo West |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |Onitsha North |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] kl1m8epwfhhvpw0kb8zyo1oat9a0ulr 975276 975275 2026-11-02T17:46:58Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |Nkanu East |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |Nnewi North |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |Offa |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ogu/Bolo |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |Benue State |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |Ondo West |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |Onitsha North |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 7nc6s6sccbe2vrnb7rh0l0p7fgvf5lp 975277 975276 2026-11-02T17:47:47Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] | |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |Nkanu East |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |Nnewi North |[[Anambra]] |- |Nnewi South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |Offa |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ogu/Bolo |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |Benue State |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |Ondo West |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |Onitsha North |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 0rhbxaocp9lzxy42ufcega0pj4z4zjx 975278 975277 2026-11-02T17:48:39Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 975278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Dan Musa |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] | |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |Jihar. Nasarawa |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |Nkanu East |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |Nnewi North |[[Anambra]] |- |Nnewi South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |Offa |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ogu/Bolo |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |Benue State |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |Ondo West |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |Onitsha North |[[Anambra]] |- |Onitsha South |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |Opobo/Nkoro |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |Oru East |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |Orumba North |[[Anambra]] |- |Orumba South |[[Anambra]] |- |Oru West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |Oshimili North |[[Delta]] |- |Oshimili South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |Oturkpo |[[Benue]] |- |Ovia North-East |[[Edo]] |- |Ovia South-West |[[Edo]] |- |Owan East |[[Edo]] |- |Owan West |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri North |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |Oyo West |[[Oyo]] |- |Oyo East |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |Niger |- |[[Pankshin]] |Plateau |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |Niger |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |Roni |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 456ao1jc1jeba06vlvivr8bpw5508hk 0 13145 975504 968231 2026-11-03T09:04:36Z Zahrah0 14848 975504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mukala mai kyau}}{{Databox}} [[Fayil:Rahama Sadau.png|thumb|'''Rahama Sadau''']] '''Rahama Sadau''' (An haife ta ne a ranar 7 ga watan Disamban shekara ta alif 1993). Ta kasance jaruma ce a masana'antar [[Kannywood]] da kuma [[Nollywood]] a [[Najeriya]]. Rahama Sadau ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai na kashin kanta a kannywood har ma da Nollywood . Ta kasance ƴar rawa a lokacin da take yarinya har zuwa girman ta. Ta yi suna ne a ƙarshen shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku (2013) bayan ta shiga masana'antar fim ta [[Kannywood]] a fim ''ɗinta na'' farko mai suna ''Gani ga wane .<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/149318-kannywood-wont-return-dancing-rahama-sadau.html</ref><ref name="auditions.ng">http://au uditions.ng/archives/actor/rahama-sadau{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhLisuUQrDY</ref>ub<ref>http://hausafilms.tv/actress/rahma_sadau</ref>'' tana fitowa a fina finai na [[Nollywood]] da dama Rahama Sadau ta kasance jaruma ta farko da kusan tafi kowace jaruma fitowa a fina finan Najeriya da hausa wato kannywood da Nollywood. Ba a iya Najeriya Rahama take aikin fina finai ba, tana yi a India Wanda take da Yaren Hindu a bollywood. Kuma an tabbatar da tana daya daga cikin yan Najeriya da suka iya magana kuma suka kware a yaren hindi. Itace jarumar data yi nasara a kyautar Kannywood a gasar City People Entertainment Awards acikin shekarar 2014 da kuma cikin sheksra ta 2015.<ref> Premium Times Nigeria. "Kannywood: Rahama Sadau, Adam Zango, others win at City People awards 2015 – Premium Times Nigeria". Mohammed Lere. Retrieved 18 August 2015.</ref><ref>AllAfrica.com. "Nigeria: Most Influential Northern Entertainers". AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 5 September 2015.</ref> == Labarin Rayuwa == Rahama ta girma a cikin garin [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]]. Wato an haifeta ne acikin garin Kaduna ta rayu a garin na Kaduna kafin daga baya ta shiga harkar fim. == Aure == Rahama sadau tayi aure ranar 09 ga watan Augustan shekara ta 2025. Bata nuna mijin na ta ba, amma ta dora videon auren acikin shafinta na instagram. == Ilimi == Rahama Sadau ta yi karatu a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Kuɗi da ke gabashin Bahar Rum a Arewacin [[Cyprus|Cyprus.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ww1.emu.edu.tr/en/news/news/famous-nigerian-actress-rahama-sadau-chooses-emu/1206/pid/2469|title=Famous Nigerian Actress Rahama Sadau Chooses EMU|website=Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), Cyprus|language=en|access-date=16 February 2018}}</ref> == Sana'ar Fim == Rahama ta fito a cikin fina-finan [[Najeriya]] da yawa a cikin [[Hausa]] dana [[turanci]] kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin yan wasan kwaikwayon [[Najeriya]] da suka iya harshen Hindu sosai. Rahma Sadau ita ce ta lashe Kyautar City People Entertainment Awards a shekarar 2014 da shekarar 2015. Ta kuma sami kyautar mafi kyawun ''<nowiki/>'yar'' wasan fim ta nahiyar [[Afirka]] a bikin bayar da lambar yabo ta [[Afirka]] na goma sha tara (19) wanda aka yi a shekara ta 2015 ta hanyar muryar [[Afirka]]. A shekara ta 2017, ta zama shahararriyar 'yar fim ta [[Hausa]] da ta fara fitowa a jerin manyan malewararrun Mata 10 da suka yi fice a kasar [[Najeriya]]. A cikin dukkan ayyukanta, Rahama Sadau ta kasance mai wasan kwaikwayo mai yawan gaske, tana bayyana a duka fina-finai da kuma bidiyoyi. A shekarar dubu biyu da ashirin (2020) kungiyar shirya fina finai na [[Kannywood]] sunso dakatar da Rahama Sadau daga shirin fim sakamakon wani ɗan rashin jituwa da aka samu saboda wani hoton data sanya a shafinta na [[instagram]].<ref>https://m.guardian.ng/opinion/rahma-sadaus-dismissal-by-moppan-is-unfair/</ref><ref>https://nigerianfinder.com/rahama-sadau-biography-age-movies-family-career/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/rahama-sadau-graduates-from-university-in-cyprus.html |access-date=2020-03-12 |archive-date=2019-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311110827/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/rahama-sadau-graduates-from-university-in-cyprus.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.legit.ng/1141411-kannywood-actress-rahama-sadau-biography.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/rahama-sadau-apologises-to-moppan/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-02-28 |archive-date=2020-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008200247/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/rahama-sadau-apologises-to-moppan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.pinterest.com/pin/538883911647535295/?d=t&mt=signup</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/19/rahama-sadau-ban-nigeria-religious-divides-rap-video-i-love-you-classiq</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/ban-immoral-rahama-sadau-highlights-northsouth-split/</ref> a yanzu haka ta fara fito wa a fina finan indiya. == Rayuwa da Aiki == Rahama Ibrahim Sadau an haife ta ne a [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna,]] arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]] wacce ita ce asalin [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|babban birnin]] tarayyar [[Najeriya]], wanda shi ne tsohon [[Arewacin Najeriya|yankin Arewa ta Arewa]]. Rahama ɗiya ce ga Alhaji Ibrahim Sadau. Ta girma tare da iyayenta a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] da kuma 'yan uwanta mata guda uku(3). Sadau ta shiga masana'antar fim ɗin [[Kannywood|Kannywood ne]] a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha uku (2013). Ta taka rawar gani sosai kafin ta samu ɗaukaka daga rawar da ta taka a ''Gani ga Wane'' tare da babban jarumin [[Kannywood]] [[Ali Nuhu]]. A shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha shida (2016) an karɓe ta a matsayin waccan shekarun ”Fuskar [[Kannywood]]. A cikin watan Oktoba na shekarar 2016, Rahama Sadau ta fito a cikin jerin fina-finai a gidan talabijin na EbonyLife. Acikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha bakwai (2017), ta ƙirƙiro da kamfanin samar da fina-finai mai suna ''Sadau Hotunan yadda'' ta fito da fim din ta na farko, ''Rariya'' tauraruwar [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Sani Musa Danja]], [[Sadiq Sani Sadiq]] da [[Fati Washa]]. Ta dawo ta fara wasa don koyar da malamin malamin a MTV Shuga.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/11/if-i-am-president-hits-cinemas/</ref><ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/294592-joke-silva-bimbo-manuel-rahama-sadau-star-in-new-movie.html</ref><ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/05/kanayo-o-kanayo-hilda-dokubo-banky-w-rahama-sadau-tboss-star-north-b-t-s-photos/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/life/film/banky-w-adesua-kanayo-o-kanayo-hilda-dokubo-others-in-up-north/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-02-28 |archive-date=2022-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609131327/https://guardian.ng/life/film/banky-w-adesua-kanayo-o-kanayo-hilda-dokubo-others-in-up-north/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/rahama-sadau-stars-ebonylife-tvs-sons-caliphate-2/#:~:text=Sons%20of%20the%20Caliphate%20stars,stylish%2C%20elegant%20and%20yet%20traditional.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://onobello.com/mo-abudu-rahama-sadau-patrick-doyle-more-attend-media-screening-of-sons-of-the-caliphate/ |access-date=2021-02-28 |archive-date=2021-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720224112/https://onobello.com/mo-abudu-rahama-sadau-patrick-doyle-more-attend-media-screening-of-sons-of-the-caliphate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/02/19/rahama-sadau-early-life-education-and-career/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231060252/https://newswirengr.com/2022/02/19/rahama-sadau-early-life-education-and-career/ |archive-date=2022-12-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2024 mai girma shugaban kasa ya saka rahama sadau a matsayin mukamin IDICE commetee member . <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="200"> |Rahama Sadau daga hagu </gallery> == Kyaututtuka == Kyaututtukan da Rahama Sadau ta karba sun hada da: {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Shekara ! Kyauta ! Nau'i ! Fim ! Sakamakon |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | Mafi kyawun actress (Kannywood) | Kyaututtukan Nishaɗar City | ''[[Kannywood]]'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | Mafi kyawun actress (Kannywood) | Kyaututtukan Nishaɗar City | ''[[Kannywood]]'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2017 | Mafi kyawun actress na Afirka | Muryar Afirka | ''[[Kannywood]]'' | {{won}} |- |} == Fina finai == {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+Ka bude wanna madangwalin domin ganin fina finan ta ! Fim ! Shekara |- | Zero Sa'a | 2019 |- | Sama Arewa | 2018 |- | Aljannar Duniya | N / A |- | Adamu | 2017 |- | Ba Tabbas | 2017 |- | MTV Shuga Naija | 2017 |- | Rariya | 2017 |- | TATU | 2017 |- | Rumana | 2017 |- | 'Ya'yan Khalifanci | 2016 |- | Sauran Bangare | 2016 |- | Kasa Ta | 2015 |- | Wutar Gaba | 2015 |- | Sallamar Don haka | 2015 |- | Wata Tafiya | 2015 |- | Halacci | 2015 |- | Gidan Farko | 2015 |- | Ana Wata ga Wata | 2015 |- | Alkalin Kauye | 2015 |- | Jinin Jiki Na | 2014 |- | Hujja | 2014 |- | Garbati | 2014 |- | Kaddara Ko Fansa | 2014 |- | Kisan Gilla | 2014 |- | Mati da Lado | 2014 |- | Sabuwar Sangaya | 2014 |- | Sirrin Da Ke Raina | 2014 |- | Don haka Aljannar Duniya | 2014 |- | Suma Mata Ne | 2014 |- | Farin Dare | 2013 |- | Gani Ga Wane | 2013 |- | Da Kai Zan Gana | 2013 |- | Mai Farin Jini | 2013 |- |Matar Aure |2022 |} == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="180"> File:Rahama_Sadau_in_MTV_Shuga_Naija.png|Rahama a MTV Shuga File:Rahama Sadau during filming (cropped).jpg File:Rahama Sadau.png </gallery> == Duba nan == * [[Kannywood]] *[[Hafsat Idris]] *[[Hadiza Aliyu]] *[[Fati Washa]] *[[Halima Atete]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|3}} [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan Kaduna]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Mata ƴan fim]] [[Category:Mata daga Jihar Kaduna]] [[Category:Mutane daga Jihar Kaduna]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1993]] 2fkhix9w96lg0tp7ps1uxbans5ydjir 0 13273 975187 965907 2026-11-02T15:37:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Emna Mizouni at Wikimania 2019.jpg|thumb|Emna Mizouni]] [[Fayil:Wikimania 2019 closing ceremony - Emna Mizouni - Wikipedian of the year 9867.jpg|thumb|amna mizouni]] [[Fayil:Emna Mizouni at Wikimania 2018 panel.jpg|thumb|Emna mizouni]] '''Emna Mizouni''' ( [[larabci]] : آمنة الميزوني, an haife ta a shekarata alif dubu daya da Dari Tara da tamanin da bakwai (1987) ) yar asalin [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] ce mai gwagwarmaya ta yanar gizo da [[Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam|mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam]], yar Jarida ce mai zaman kanta, masaniyar sadarwa da kuma zartarwar a kasuwanci.<ref name=rc2019>{{cite web|url=https://rightscon2019.sched.com/speaker/emnamizouni|title=Emna Mizouni|publisher=RightsCon 2019|date=June 2019|accessdate=26 August 2019|language=|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826194935/https://rightscon2019.sched.com/speaker/emnamizouni|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=anb>{{cite web|url=https://www.accessnow.org/tunisian-activist-emna-mizouni-joins-access-now-board/|title=Tunisian activist Emna Mizouni joins Access Now board|publisher=Access Now|date=26 July 2019|accessdate=26 August 2019|language=|archive-date=22 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822105948/https://www.accessnow.org/tunisian-activist-emna-mizouni-joins-access-now-board/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayan samun nasarar taimako wajan shirya RightCon Tunis, a watan Yulin 2019 an nada ta tayi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na duniya na Kungiyar International Now, kungiyar [[Hakkin ɗan'adam|kare hakkin bil-adama]] ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar intanet . A watan Maris na shekarar 2013, Mizouni ya kafa Carthagina, wani yunƙuri da aka ƙaddamar don ƙirƙirar sha'awar al'adun Tunusiya a gida da waje.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webdo.tn/2015/02/20/des-cartes-postales-pour-faire-partager-lamour-de-la-tunisie-a-travers-le-monde/|title=Des cartes postales pour partager l’amour de la Tunisie à travers le monde|author=Sghaier, Mohamed Ali|publisher=Tunis Webdo|accessdate=20 February 2015|language=French|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826194936/http://www.webdo.tn/2015/02/20/des-cartes-postales-pour-faire-partager-lamour-de-la-tunisie-a-travers-le-monde/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eastwest.eu/it/opinioni/open-doors/rinascita-medina-tunisi-reportage|title=I nuovi sogni della medina di Tunisi|author=Pierandrei, Elisa|publisher=eastwest.eu|accessdate=2 April 2018 |language=Italian}}</ref> A watan Agusta na shekarar 2019, a Taron Wikimedia a [[Stockholm]], an karrama ta a matsayin Wikimedian na Shekarar 2019 sakamakon rawar da ta taka a ci gaban al’ummomin kasashen larabawa da na Afirka da kuma nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa tarihi da al'adun gargajiya. Tunisiya.<ref name=wikifdn>{{cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2019/08/18/meet-emna-mizouni-the-newly-minted-2019-wikimedian-of-the-year/|title=Meet Emna Mizouni, the newly minted 2019 Wikimedian of the Year|author=Erhart, Ed|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|date=18 August 2019|accessdate=26 August 2019 |language=}}</ref> == Farkon rayuwa da ilimi == An tayar da shi a Tunis babban birnin [[Tunis|Tunisiya]], Mizouni ya takaita ne daga Lycée Khaznadar a gundumar Le Bardo a cikin 2006. Daga nan sai ta halarci École supérieure de commerce (ESCT) a Tunis inda ta fara digiri na biyu a cikin gudanarwa (2009) sannan ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a cikin kasuwanci, tattaunawar kasuwanci, da sadarwa (2011). Bayan karatun ta, ta yi aiki a cikin tallata kuma a matsayinta na 'yar jarida kuma mai gabatar da radiyo. A watan Yuni na shekarar 2012, an ba ta mukamin Jami'in Kula da Sadarwa da Sadarwa na Majalisar Burtaniya.<ref name=doyou>{{cite web|url=https://www.doyoubuzz.com/emna-mizouni|title=Emna Mizouni: Marketing, Communication, Relations publiques, Community Managemen|publisher=doyoubuzz.com|accessdate=27 August 2019|language=French|archive-date=27 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827092355/https://www.doyoubuzz.com/emna-mizouni|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201403110506.html|title=Tunisia: British Council Launches Projects, Urges Youth to Take Part in Sociopolitical Debates|publisher=allAfinca|date=10 March 2014|accessdate=27 August 2019|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612093652/https://allafrica.com/stories/201403110506.html/|archive-date=12 June 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aiki == Bayan sufirin ta larabawa, Mizouni ta fahimci cewa ilimin game da tarihin kasarta da al'adun su sun takaita. Sakamakon haka, tare da sauran masu haɗin gwiwar, ta kafa Carthagina (dangane da Carthage, tsohuwar sunan Tunis) wanda aka tsara don inganta al'adun al'adun Tunusiya. Pr Safwan Masri, wanda aka ambata a cikin littafinsa «Tunisiya an an Analyaly» cewa yayin ganawa da Emna, ta ba shi labarin "mahimmancin bayan juyin juya halin Jasmine na Tunisiyanci game da bambance bambancen da tarihin rayuwar Bahar Rum yayin da suke tsara makomar su".<ref name="Masri2017">{{cite book|author=Safwan M. Masri|title=Tunisia: An Arab Anomaly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBgwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT553|date=5 September 2017|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-54502-0|pages=553–}}</ref> A shekara ta 2017, a matsayinta na shugabar shirin, ta yi bayani: “Bayan juyin juya halin, mutane da yawa sun yi mamakin asalin kasar. Bambancin gabatarwa game da tarihinmu da al'adunmu sun nuna ƙarancin iliminmu sosai. " Tare da [[Wikipedia]] da Wikimedia Commons, ta shirya gasawar hoto da ta mayar da hankali kan rukunin al'adun kasar Tunusiya, tare da samun nasarar mahalarta su gabatar da daruruwan hotunan tare da hadin gwiwar aikin GLAM na Wikimedia. Wannan ya haifar da aikin Carthagina "MedinaPedia", yana ba da damar samun bayanai game da shafukan Tunis Medina a kan wayoyin hannu ta lambobin QR.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/reportages/quatre-projets-associatifs-qui-font-bouger-la-tunisie|title=Quatre projets associatifs qui font bouger la Tunisie|author=Blaise, Lilia|publisher=Middle East Eye|date=18 October 2017|accessdate=29 August 2019 |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jamaity.org/2015/08/medinapedia-tous-sur-les-tresors-de-la-medina-de-tunis/|title=MedinaPedia: Tous sur les trésors de la Médina de Tunis|publisher=Jamaity|date=6 August 2015|accessdate=29 August 2019|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829111551/http://jamaity.org/2015/08/medinapedia-tous-sur-les-tresors-de-la-medina-de-tunis/|archive-date=29 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani aikin GLAM ne ya jagoranci ta hanyar Mizouni; Wikimedian a Gida a cikin Diocesan Library of Tunis, tare da haɗin gwiwar Library da Archdiocese na Tunis wanda Archbishop na Ilario Antoniazzi ya sanya hannu kuma ɗayan membobin Carthagina da Wikimedian Zeineb Takouti ne suka sanya hannu . Mizouni ya kuma ga Carthagina a matsayin wani abin ƙarfafawa ga matasa don nuna sha'awar kasarsu ta hanya mai ƙarfi, maimakon bin kawai abubuwan darussan tarihi a makaranta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slideshare.net/Carthagina/interview-carthagina-ralit|title="Carthagina": À la recherche du patrimoine perdu|author=Bahri, Farouk|publisher=Réalité|date=30 March 2016|accessdate=29 August 2019 |language=French}}</ref> [[Fayil:Wikimania 2019 closing ceremony - Emna Mizouni - Wikipedian of the year 9878.jpg|thumb|Emna Mizouni]] Emna Mizouni kuma wakilin kungiyar karama ce ta kare hakkin mata na Tunisiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tunisgenderforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/sideevent_DigitalCitizenshipOrganization.pdf|title=Concept Note - TFGE side event by Digital Citizenship Org|date=April 2019|publisher=Tunis Gender Forum|accessdate=29 August 2019|language=|archive-date=29 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829141819/http://tunisgenderforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/sideevent_DigitalCitizenshipOrganization.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> kuma, tare da Leila Ben-Gacem da Zeineb Takouti, sune suka kafa kungiyar ba da riba ta Digital Digiri wacce ke ba da damar samun bayanai game da ilimin boko na dijital don karancinsu. kungiyoyi. Har ila yau ita ce mai ba da izini ta Duniya Shapers, Tunis, wanda ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwancin zamantakewa, 'yan ƙasa da al'adu..<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalshapers.org/hubs/tunis-hub|title=Tunis Hub|publisher=Global Shapers Community|accessdate=30 August 2019 |language=}}</ref> Bayan samun nasarar taimaka wajan shirya RightCon Tunis, a watan Yuli na 2019 an nada ta ta yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na duniya na Kungiyar International Now, kungiyar [[Hakkin ɗan'adam|kare hakkin bil-adama]] ta kasa da kasa ta hanyar intanet . A watan Agusta na 2019, a Taron Wikimedia a [[Stockholm]], an karrama ta a matsayin Wikimedian na Shekarar 2019 sakamakon rawar da ta taka a ci gaban al’ummomin kasashen larabawa da na Afirka da kuma nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa tarihi da al'adun gargajiya. Tunisiya. [[Fayil:Emna Mizouni crop.jpg|thumb|Emna Mizouni]] Katherine Maher, Babban Darakta na [[Wikimedia Foundation]], ta yaba wa Mizouni kan kokarin da ta yi: "Emna ita ce mai ba da gajiya da kuma gwarzo don neman ilimi kyauta. Aikinta, haɗin gwiwa, da sha’awarta don kiyaye al'adun Tunisiya ya buɗe al'adun Tunisiya, mutane, da tarihin sauran ƙasashen duniya,"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://onezero.medium.com/meet-%C3%A9mna-mizouni-the-wikimedian-of-the-year-2c3908740a69|title=Meet Émna Mizouni, the Wikimedian of the Year|author=Harrison, Stephen|publisher=OneZero|date=|accessdate=31 August 2019 |language=}}</ref> == Zaɓaɓɓun wallafe-wallafe == * 2018: Mizouni, Emna: ''kimantawa de la stratégie de sadarwa d'un nouveau kafofin watsa labarai'', Editions universitaires européennes, '''ISBN|978-3-639-50786-7'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.morebooks.de/store/gb/book/evaluation-de-la-strat%C3%A9gie-de-communication-d-un-nouveau-m%C3%A9dia/isbn/978-3-639-50786-7|title=Evaluation de la stratégie de communication d'un nouveau media|publisher=MoreBooks|accessdate=27 August 2019 |language=French}}</ref>   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://about.me/emna.mizouni Emna Mizouni game da.me] * Emna Mizouni * Emna Mizouni * Emna Mizouni * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zi6IlA7piFU Bidiyo na Zaman rufewa a Wikimania 2019: Kyautar Mizouni daga karfe 24:00] [[Category:Editocin Wikimedia na Shekara]] n54n3ttg3q7kiy81lbs6sou77joh27z 0 14724 975311 968379 2026-11-02T19:03:22Z Fatima9212 47117 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378189293|Wale Adenuga]]" 975311 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Wale Adenuga''' ((listenⓘ)) (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Satumbar 1950) tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne / mai bugawa na Najeriya kuma a halin yanzu mai samar da jerin shirye-shirye, wanda aka fi sani da shirye-shiryen ''Ikebe Super'', ''Binta da Abokai,'' da Super Story, da kuma nau'ikan talabijin ta hanyar kamfanin samar da shi WAP . == Rayuwa ta farko == Dan mai sayar da taba, Adenuga ya girma ne a Ibadan kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Ibadan City, inda ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta O-Level, kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Sarki, Legas don takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare [1] inda ya kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa, wacce ta rushe bayan kammala makarantar sakandare. [2] == Buga == Adenuga ya yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] a 1971 kuma ya yi aiki a sashin zane-zane na [[Mujalla|Mujallar]] Campus inda ba da daɗewa ba aka sanya shi Babban Mai zane-zane.A shekara ta 1975, bayan kammala karatunsa da kuma aikin matasa a [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Bendel]], an ƙaddamar da ''Ikebe Super'' mai ban dariya, inda ya gabatar da haruffa da yawa, ciki har da mata [[Papa Ajasco]], Pa Jimoh mara ilimi, da kuma Boy Alinco.Daga baya aka gabatar da wata mace mai suna Miss Pepeiye.Sauran mujallu na Adenuga sune Super Story, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwan satirical da ''Binta'', littafin yara.<ref name="Intimate Secrets">{{Cite web |date= |title=The intimate secrets of Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/1282/the-intimate-secrets-of-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Fim / Fim na Talabijin == A ƙarshen shekarun 1980s, lalacewar tattalin arziki ta shafi wallafe-wallafen Najeriya, inda ta bar Adenuga da shawarar matsawa daga bugawa zuwa kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki. Kafin ci gaban [[Nollywood|Masana'antar fina-finai]], Adenuga ta fitar da fim din celluloid ''Papa Ajasco'', wanda ya dogara da babban hali a ''Ikebe Super'', a 1983.''Papa Ajasco'' ya yi tarihi a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Ingilishi a cikin masana'antar da [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] suka mamaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I have the third eye — Wale Adenuga, lele creator of Papa Ajasco |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/3612/3/i-have-the-third-eye-wale-adenuga-creator-of-papa-.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> An saki fim din ''Binta'' a shekarar 1995, kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka an gabatar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''[[Papa Ajasco]]'' (tsohon The Ajasco Family) a kan [[Gidan Telebijin na AIT|AIT]] zuwa sake dubawa.Wannan karamin allon ya ga dawowar tsoffin haruffa tare da Pa James wanda aka halicce shi don kauce wa ɓata wa Musulmai rai. ("Ba mu so [Musulmi] wanda ya yi wauta kamar Pa Jimoh kadai. ") [waɗannan?]  == Cibiyoyin == A ranar 24 ga Satumba 1994, Adenuga da matarsa Ehiwenma sun kafa Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Binta a Legas, tushe da aka keɓe don inganta ilimi a Najeriya. A shekara ta 2004, Adenuga ta bude Cibiyar Fim da Talabijin (PEFTI).Darussanta sun haɗa da samarwa, gudanarwa, da Cinematography.A shekara ta 2009, an nuna makarantar a cikin De Film Industries van Nigeria, wani shirin Danish game da masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya. == Kyaututtuka == * Kyaututtuka 5 a bikin fina-finai na Najeriya, 2002: Mafi kyawun mai gabatarwa, Mafi kyawun marubucin rubutun, Mafi kyawun Darakta, Mafi kyawun Wasanni na Talabijin, da Mafi kyawun Fitar da Talabijin. * [[Order of the Federal Republic|memba na Order of the Federal Republic]] (MFR), 2009 == Rayuwa ta mutum == Adenuga ta auri Ehiwenma tun shekara ta 1975. <ref name="myhubby">{{Cite web |title=My hubby not a womaniser – Mrs. Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/5692/3/my-hubby-not-a-womaniser-mrs-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] 1c2vr5gzhj5pbbxyb8hxmxbpzc89c0i 975314 975311 2026-11-02T19:05:32Z Fatima9212 47117 /* Buga */ 975314 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Wale Adenuga''' ((listenⓘ)) (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Satumbar 1950) tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne / mai bugawa na Najeriya kuma a halin yanzu mai samar da jerin shirye-shirye, wanda aka fi sani da shirye-shiryen ''Ikebe Super'', ''Binta da Abokai,'' da Super Story, da kuma nau'ikan talabijin ta hanyar kamfanin samar da shi WAP . == Rayuwa ta farko == Dan mai sayar da taba, Adenuga ya girma ne a Ibadan kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Ibadan City, inda ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta O-Level, kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Sarki, Legas don takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare [1] inda ya kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa, wacce ta rushe bayan kammala makarantar sakandare. [2] == Buga == Adenuga ya yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] a 1971 kuma ya yi aiki a sashin zane-zane na [[Mujalla|Mujallar]] Campus inda ba da daɗewa ba aka sanya shi Babban Mai zane-zane.A shekara ta 1975, bayan kammala karatunsa da kuma aikin matasa a [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Bendel]], an ƙaddamar da ''Ikebe Super'' mai ban dariya, inda ya gabatar da haruffa da yawa, ciki har da mata [[Papa Ajasco]], Pa Jimoh mara ilimi, da kuma Boy Alinco.Daga baya aka gabatar da wata mace mai suna Miss Pepeiye.Sauran mujallu na Adenuga sune Super Story, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwan satirical da ''Binta'', littafin yara.<ref name="Intimate Secrets">{{Cite web |date= |title=The intimate secrets of Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/1282/the-intimate-secrets-of-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Fim / Fim na Talabijin == A ƙarshen shekarun 1980s, lalacewar tattalin arziki ta shafi wallafe-wallafen Najeriya, inda ta bar Adenuga da shawarar matsawa daga bugawa zuwa kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki. Kafin ci gaban [[Nollywood|Masana'antar fina-finai]], Adenuga ta fitar da fim din celluloid ''Papa Ajasco'', wanda ya dogara da babban hali a ''Ikebe Super'', a 1983.''Papa Ajasco'' ya yi tarihi a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Ingilishi a cikin masana'antar da [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] suka mamaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I have the third eye — Wale Adenuga, lele creator of Papa Ajasco |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/3612/3/i-have-the-third-eye-wale-adenuga-creator-of-papa-.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> An saki fim din ''Binta'' a shekarar 1995, kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka an gabatar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''[[Papa Ajasco]]'' (tsohon The Ajasco Family) a kan [[Gidan Telebijin na AIT|AIT]] zuwa sake dubawa.Wannan karamin allon ya ga dawowar tsoffin haruffa tare da Pa James wanda aka halicce shi don kauce wa ɓata wa Musulmai rai. ("Ba mu so [Musulmi] wanda ya yi wauta kamar Pa Jimoh kadai. ") [waɗannan?]  == Cibiyoyin == A ranar 24 ga watan Satumba 1994, Adenuga da matarsa Ehiwenma sun kafa Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Binta a Legas, tushe da aka keɓe don inganta ilimi a Najeriya. A shekara ta 2004, Adenuga ta bude Cibiyar Fim da Talabijin (PEFTI).Darussanta sun haɗa da samarwa, gudanarwa, da Cinematography.A shekara ta 2009, an nuna makarantar a cikin De Film Industries van Nigeria, wani shirin Danish game da masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya. == Kyaututtuka == * Kyaututtuka 5 a bikin fina-finai na Najeriya, 2002: Mafi kyawun mai gabatarwa, Mafi kyawun marubucin rubutun, Mafi kyawun Darakta, Mafi kyawun Wasanni na Talabijin, da Mafi kyawun Fitar da Talabijin. * [[Order of the Federal Republic|memba na Order of the Federal Republic]] (MFR), 2009 == Rayuwa ta mutum == Adenuga ta auri Ehiwenma tun shekara ta 1975. <ref name="myhubby">{{Cite web |title=My hubby not a womaniser – Mrs. Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/5692/3/my-hubby-not-a-womaniser-mrs-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] 6tgyjmagl5t3eef09tzdcz7pf1huxs3 975315 975314 2026-11-02T19:06:55Z Fatima9212 47117 /* Buga */ 975315 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Wale Adenuga''' ((listenⓘ)) (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Satumbar 1950) tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne / mai bugawa na Najeriya kuma a halin yanzu mai samar da jerin shirye-shirye, wanda aka fi sani da shirye-shiryen ''Ikebe Super'', ''Binta da Abokai,'' da Super Story, da kuma nau'ikan talabijin ta hanyar kamfanin samar da shi WAP . == Rayuwa ta farko == Dan mai sayar da taba, Adenuga ya girma ne a Ibadan kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Ibadan City, inda ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta O-Level, kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Sarki, Legas don takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare [1] inda ya kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa, wacce ta rushe bayan kammala makarantar sakandare. [2] == Buga == Adenuga ya yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] a 1971 kuma ya yi aiki a sashin zane-zane na [[Mujalla|Mujallar]] Campus inda ba da daɗewa ba aka sanya shi Babban Mai zane-zane.A shekara ta 1975, bayan kammala karatunsa da kuma aikin matasa a [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Bendel]], an ƙaddamar da ''Ikebe Super'' mai ban dariya, inda ya gabatar da haruffa da yawa, ciki har da mata [[Papa Ajasco]], Pa Jimoh mara ilimi, da kuma Boy Alinco.Daga baya aka gabatar da wata mace mai suna Miss Pepeiye.Sauran mujallu na Adenuga sune Super Story, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwan satirical da ''Binta'', littafin yara.<ref name="Intimate Secrets">{{Cite web |date= |title=The intimate secrets of Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/1282/the-intimate-secrets-of-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Fim / Fim na Talabijin == A ƙarshen shekarun 1980s, lalacewar tattalin arziki ta shafi wallafe-wallafen Najeriya, inda ta bar Adenuga da shawarar matsawa daga bugawa zuwa kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki. Kafin ci gaban [[Nollywood|Masana'antar fina-finai]], Adenuga ta fitar da fim din celluloid ''Papa Ajasco'', wanda ya dogara da babban hali a ''Ikebe Super'', a 1983.''Papa Ajasco'' ya yi tarihi a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Ingilishi a cikin masana'antar da [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] suka mamaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I have the third eye — Wale Adenuga, lele creator of Papa Ajasco |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/3612/3/i-have-the-third-eye-wale-adenuga-creator-of-papa-.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> An saki fim din ''Binta'' a shekarar 1995, kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka an gabatar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''[[Papa Ajasco]]'' (tsohon The Ajasco Family) a kan [[Gidan Telebijin na AIT|AIT]] zuwa sake dubawa.Wannan karamin allon ya ga dawowar tsoffin haruffa tare da Pa James wanda aka halicce shi don kauce wa ɓata wa Musulmai rai. ("Ba mu so [Musulmi] wanda ya yi wauta kamar Pa Jimoh kadai. ") [waɗannan?]  == Cibiyoyin == A ranar 24 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 1994, Adenuga da matarsa Ehiwenma sun kafa Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Binta a Legas, tushe da aka keɓe don inganta ilimi a Najeriya. A shekara ta 2004, Adenuga ta bude Cibiyar Fim da Talabijin (PEFTI).Darussanta sun haɗa da samarwa, gudanarwa, da Cinematography.A shekara ta 2009, an nuna makarantar a cikin De Film Industries van Nigeria, wani shirin Danish game da masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya. == Kyaututtuka == * Kyaututtuka 5 a bikin fina-finai na Najeriya, 2002: Mafi kyawun mai gabatarwa, Mafi kyawun marubucin rubutun, Mafi kyawun Darakta, Mafi kyawun Wasanni na Talabijin, da Mafi kyawun Fitar da Talabijin. * [[Order of the Federal Republic|memba na Order of the Federal Republic]] (MFR), 2009 == Rayuwa ta mutum == Adenuga ta auri Ehiwenma tun shekara ta 1975. <ref name="myhubby">{{Cite web |title=My hubby not a womaniser – Mrs. Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/5692/3/my-hubby-not-a-womaniser-mrs-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] 4bdz06imhhd4r821p7x7upq6zav5t1m 975316 975315 2026-11-02T19:08:15Z Fatima9212 47117 /* Kyaututtuka */ 975316 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Wale Adenuga''' ((listenⓘ)) (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Satumbar, shekarar 1950) tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne / mai bugawa na Najeriya kuma a halin yanzu mai samar da jerin shirye-shirye, wanda aka fi sani da shirye-shiryen ''Ikebe Super'', ''Binta da Abokai,'' da Super Story, da kuma nau'ikan talabijin ta hanyar kamfanin samar da shi WAP . == Rayuwa ta farko == Dan mai sayar da taba, Adenuga ya girma ne a Ibadan kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Ibadan City, inda ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta O-Level, kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Sarki, Legas don takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare [1] inda ya kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa, wacce ta rushe bayan kammala makarantar sakandare. [2] == Buga == Adenuga ya yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] a 1971 kuma ya yi aiki a sashin zane-zane na [[Mujalla|Mujallar]] Campus inda ba da daɗewa ba aka sanya shi Babban Mai zane-zane.A shekara ta 1975, bayan kammala karatunsa da kuma aikin matasa a [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Bendel]], an ƙaddamar da ''Ikebe Super'' mai ban dariya, inda ya gabatar da haruffa da yawa, ciki har da mata [[Papa Ajasco]], Pa Jimoh mara ilimi, da kuma Boy Alinco.Daga baya aka gabatar da wata mace mai suna Miss Pepeiye.Sauran mujallu na Adenuga sune Super Story, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwan satirical da ''Binta'', littafin yara.<ref name="Intimate Secrets">{{Cite web |date= |title=The intimate secrets of Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/1282/the-intimate-secrets-of-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Fim / Fim na Talabijin == A ƙarshen shekarun 1980s, lalacewar tattalin arziki ta shafi wallafe-wallafen Najeriya, inda ta bar Adenuga da shawarar matsawa daga bugawa zuwa kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki. Kafin ci gaban [[Nollywood|Masana'antar fina-finai]], Adenuga ta fitar da fim din celluloid ''Papa Ajasco'', wanda ya dogara da babban hali a ''Ikebe Super'', a 1983.''Papa Ajasco'' ya yi tarihi a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Ingilishi a cikin masana'antar da [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] suka mamaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I have the third eye — Wale Adenuga, lele creator of Papa Ajasco |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/3612/3/i-have-the-third-eye-wale-adenuga-creator-of-papa-.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> An saki fim din ''Binta'' a shekarar 1995, kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka an gabatar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''[[Papa Ajasco]]'' (tsohon The Ajasco Family) a kan [[Gidan Telebijin na AIT|AIT]] zuwa sake dubawa.Wannan karamin allon ya ga dawowar tsoffin haruffa tare da Pa James wanda aka halicce shi don kauce wa ɓata wa Musulmai rai. ("Ba mu so [Musulmi] wanda ya yi wauta kamar Pa Jimoh kadai. ") [waɗannan?]  == Cibiyoyin == A ranar 24 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 1994, Adenuga da matarsa Ehiwenma sun kafa Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Binta a Legas, tushe da aka keɓe don inganta ilimi a Najeriya. A shekara ta 2004, Adenuga ta bude Cibiyar Fim da Talabijin (PEFTI).Darussanta sun haɗa da samarwa, gudanarwa, da Cinematography.A shekara ta 2009, an nuna makarantar a cikin De Film Industries van Nigeria, wani shirin Danish game da masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya. == Kyaututtuka == * Kyaututtuka 5 a bikin fina-finai na Najeriya, 2002: Mafi kyawun mai gabatarwa, Mafi kyawun marubucin rubutun, Mafi kyawun Darakta, Mafi kyawun Wasanni na Talabijin, da Mafi kyawun Fitar da Talabijin. * [[Order of the Federal Republic|memba na Order of the Federal Republic]] (MFR), 2009 == Rayuwa ta mutum == Adenuga ta auri Ehiwenma tun shekara ta 1975. <ref name="myhubby">{{Cite web |title=My hubby not a womaniser – Mrs. Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/5692/3/my-hubby-not-a-womaniser-mrs-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] k9n1fj9q4cibvy9p9nwshggakbb0bje 975317 975316 2026-11-02T19:10:08Z Fatima9212 47117 /* Kyaututtuka */ 975317 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Wale Adenuga''' ((listenⓘ)) (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Satumbar, shekarar 1950) tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne / mai bugawa na Najeriya kuma a halin yanzu mai samar da jerin shirye-shirye, wanda aka fi sani da shirye-shiryen ''Ikebe Super'', ''Binta da Abokai,'' da Super Story, da kuma nau'ikan talabijin ta hanyar kamfanin samar da shi WAP . == Rayuwa ta farko == Dan mai sayar da taba, Adenuga ya girma ne a Ibadan kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Ibadan City, inda ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta O-Level, kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Sarki, Legas don takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare [1] inda ya kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa, wacce ta rushe bayan kammala makarantar sakandare. [2] == Buga == Adenuga ya yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] a 1971 kuma ya yi aiki a sashin zane-zane na [[Mujalla|Mujallar]] Campus inda ba da daɗewa ba aka sanya shi Babban Mai zane-zane.A shekara ta 1975, bayan kammala karatunsa da kuma aikin matasa a [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Bendel]], an ƙaddamar da ''Ikebe Super'' mai ban dariya, inda ya gabatar da haruffa da yawa, ciki har da mata [[Papa Ajasco]], Pa Jimoh mara ilimi, da kuma Boy Alinco.Daga baya aka gabatar da wata mace mai suna Miss Pepeiye.Sauran mujallu na Adenuga sune Super Story, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwan satirical da ''Binta'', littafin yara.<ref name="Intimate Secrets">{{Cite web |date= |title=The intimate secrets of Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/1282/the-intimate-secrets-of-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Fim / Fim na Talabijin == A ƙarshen shekarun 1980s, lalacewar tattalin arziki ta shafi wallafe-wallafen Najeriya, inda ta bar Adenuga da shawarar matsawa daga bugawa zuwa kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki. Kafin ci gaban [[Nollywood|Masana'antar fina-finai]], Adenuga ta fitar da fim din celluloid ''Papa Ajasco'', wanda ya dogara da babban hali a ''Ikebe Super'', a 1983.''Papa Ajasco'' ya yi tarihi a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Ingilishi a cikin masana'antar da [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] suka mamaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I have the third eye — Wale Adenuga, lele creator of Papa Ajasco |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/3612/3/i-have-the-third-eye-wale-adenuga-creator-of-papa-.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> An saki fim din ''Binta'' a shekarar 1995, kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka an gabatar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''[[Papa Ajasco]]'' (tsohon The Ajasco Family) a kan [[Gidan Telebijin na AIT|AIT]] zuwa sake dubawa.Wannan karamin allon ya ga dawowar tsoffin haruffa tare da Pa James wanda aka halicce shi don kauce wa ɓata wa Musulmai rai. ("Ba mu so [Musulmi] wanda ya yi wauta kamar Pa Jimoh kadai. ") [waɗannan?]  == Cibiyoyin == A ranar 24 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 1994, Adenuga da matarsa Ehiwenma sun kafa Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Binta a Legas, tushe da aka keɓe don inganta ilimi a Najeriya. A shekara ta 2004, Adenuga ta bude Cibiyar Fim da Talabijin (PEFTI).Darussanta sun haɗa da samarwa, gudanarwa, da Cinematography.A shekara ta 2009, an nuna makarantar a cikin De Film Industries van Nigeria, wani shirin Danish game da masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya. == Kyaututtuka == * Kyaututtuka 5 a bikin fina-finai na Najeriya, shekarar 2002: Mafi kyawun mai gabatarwa, Mafi kyawun marubucin rubutun, Mafi kyawun Darakta, Mafi kyawun Wasanni na Talabijin, da Mafi kyawun Fitar da Talabijin. * [[Order of the Federal Republic|memba na Order of the Federal Republic]] (MFR), 2009 == Rayuwa ta mutum == Adenuga ta auri Ehiwenma tun shekara ta 1975. <ref name="myhubby">{{Cite web |title=My hubby not a womaniser – Mrs. Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/5692/3/my-hubby-not-a-womaniser-mrs-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] sb3tm4i7oef5nhi49mrhaei0y93qkf7 975318 975317 2026-11-02T19:11:45Z Fatima9212 47117 /* Buga */ 975318 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Wale Adenuga''' ((listenⓘ)) (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Satumbar, shekarar 1950) tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne / mai bugawa na Najeriya kuma a halin yanzu mai samar da jerin shirye-shirye, wanda aka fi sani da shirye-shiryen ''Ikebe Super'', ''Binta da Abokai,'' da Super Story, da kuma nau'ikan talabijin ta hanyar kamfanin samar da shi WAP . == Rayuwa ta farko == Dan mai sayar da taba, Adenuga ya girma ne a Ibadan kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Ibadan City, inda ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta O-Level, kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Sarki, Legas don takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare [1] inda ya kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa, wacce ta rushe bayan kammala makarantar sakandare. [2] == Buga == Adenuga ya yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] a 1971 kuma ya yi aiki a sashin zane-zane na [[Mujalla|Mujallar]] Campus inda ba da daɗewa ba aka sanya shi Babban Mai zane-zane.A shekara ta 1975, bayan kammala karatunsa da kuma aikin matasa a [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Bendel]], an ƙaddamar da ''Ikebe Super'' mai ban dariya, inda ya gabatar da haruffa da yawa, ciki har da mata [[Papa Ajasco]], Pa Jimoh mara ilimi, da kuma Boy Alinco.Daga baya aka gabatar da wata mace mai suna Miss Pepeiye.Sauran mujallu na Adenuga sune Super Story, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwan satirical da ''Binta'', littafin yara.<ref name="Intimate Secrets">{{Cite web |date= |title=The intimate secrets of Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/1282/the-intimate-secrets-of-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Fim / Fim na Talabijin == A ƙarshen shekarun 1980s, lalacewar tattalin arziki ta shafi wallafe-wallafen Najeriya, inda ta bar Adenuga da shawarar matsawa daga bugawa zuwa kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki. Kafin ci gaban [[Nollywood|Masana'antar fina-finai]], Adenuga ta fitar da fim din celluloid ''Papa Ajasco'', wanda ya dogara da babban hali a ''Ikebe Super'', a shekarar 1983.''Papa Ajasco'' ya yi tarihi a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Ingilishi a cikin masana'antar da [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] suka mamaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I have the third eye — Wale Adenuga, lele creator of Papa Ajasco |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/3612/3/i-have-the-third-eye-wale-adenuga-creator-of-papa-.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> An saki fim din ''Binta'' a shekarar 1995, kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka an gabatar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''[[Papa Ajasco]]'' (tsohon The Ajasco Family) a kan [[Gidan Telebijin na AIT|AIT]] zuwa sake dubawa.Wannan karamin allon ya ga dawowar tsoffin haruffa tare da Pa James wanda aka halicce shi don kauce wa ɓata wa Musulmai rai. ("Ba mu so [Musulmi] wanda ya yi wauta kamar Pa Jimoh kadai. ") [waɗannan?]  == Cibiyoyin == A ranar 24 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 1994, Adenuga da matarsa Ehiwenma sun kafa Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Binta a Legas, tushe da aka keɓe don inganta ilimi a Najeriya. A shekara ta 2004, Adenuga ta bude Cibiyar Fim da Talabijin (PEFTI).Darussanta sun haɗa da samarwa, gudanarwa, da Cinematography.A shekara ta 2009, an nuna makarantar a cikin De Film Industries van Nigeria, wani shirin Danish game da masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya. == Kyaututtuka == * Kyaututtuka 5 a bikin fina-finai na Najeriya, shekarar 2002: Mafi kyawun mai gabatarwa, Mafi kyawun marubucin rubutun, Mafi kyawun Darakta, Mafi kyawun Wasanni na Talabijin, da Mafi kyawun Fitar da Talabijin. * [[Order of the Federal Republic|memba na Order of the Federal Republic]] (MFR), 2009 == Rayuwa ta mutum == Adenuga ta auri Ehiwenma tun shekara ta 1975. <ref name="myhubby">{{Cite web |title=My hubby not a womaniser – Mrs. Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/5692/3/my-hubby-not-a-womaniser-mrs-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] n1wj9gcgwvlxpsgk5qe457bi02ykyev 975319 975318 2026-11-02T19:16:37Z Fatima9212 47117 Saka databox 975319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wale Adenuga''' ((listenⓘ)) (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Satumbar, shekarar 1950) tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne / mai bugawa na Najeriya kuma a halin yanzu mai samar da jerin shirye-shirye, wanda aka fi sani da shirye-shiryen ''Ikebe Super'', ''Binta da Abokai,'' da Super Story, da kuma nau'ikan talabijin ta hanyar kamfanin samar da shi WAP. == Rayuwa ta farko == Dan mai sayar da taba, Adenuga ya girma ne a Ibadan kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Ibadan City, inda ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta O-Level, kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Sarki, Legas don takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare [1] inda ya kafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa, wacce ta rushe bayan kammala makarantar sakandare. [2] == Buga == Adenuga ya yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] a 1971 kuma ya yi aiki a sashin zane-zane na [[Mujalla|Mujallar]] Campus inda ba da daɗewa ba aka sanya shi Babban Mai zane-zane.A shekara ta 1975, bayan kammala karatunsa da kuma aikin matasa a [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Bendel]], an ƙaddamar da ''Ikebe Super'' mai ban dariya, inda ya gabatar da haruffa da yawa, ciki har da mata [[Papa Ajasco]], Pa Jimoh mara ilimi, da kuma Boy Alinco.Daga baya aka gabatar da wata mace mai suna Miss Pepeiye.Sauran mujallu na Adenuga sune Super Story, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwan satirical da ''Binta'', littafin yara.<ref name="Intimate Secrets">{{Cite web |date= |title=The intimate secrets of Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/1282/the-intimate-secrets-of-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Fim / Fim na Talabijin == A ƙarshen shekarun 1980s, lalacewar tattalin arziki ta shafi wallafe-wallafen Najeriya, inda ta bar Adenuga da shawarar matsawa daga bugawa zuwa kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki. Kafin ci gaban [[Nollywood|Masana'antar fina-finai]], Adenuga ta fitar da fim din celluloid ''Papa Ajasco'', wanda ya dogara da babban hali a ''Ikebe Super'', a shekarar 1983.''Papa Ajasco'' ya yi tarihi a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Ingilishi a cikin masana'antar da [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] suka mamaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I have the third eye — Wale Adenuga, lele creator of Papa Ajasco |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/3612/3/i-have-the-third-eye-wale-adenuga-creator-of-papa-.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> An saki fim din ''Binta'' a shekarar 1995, kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka an gabatar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''[[Papa Ajasco]]'' (tsohon The Ajasco Family) a kan [[Gidan Telebijin na AIT|AIT]] zuwa sake dubawa.Wannan karamin allon ya ga dawowar tsoffin haruffa tare da Pa James wanda aka halicce shi don kauce wa ɓata wa Musulmai rai. ("Ba mu so [Musulmi] wanda ya yi wauta kamar Pa Jimoh kadai. ") [waɗannan?]  == Cibiyoyin == A ranar 24 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 1994, Adenuga da matarsa Ehiwenma sun kafa Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Binta a Legas, tushe da aka keɓe don inganta ilimi a Najeriya. A shekara ta 2004, Adenuga ta bude Cibiyar Fim da Talabijin (PEFTI).Darussanta sun haɗa da samarwa, gudanarwa, da Cinematography.A shekara ta 2009, an nuna makarantar a cikin De Film Industries van Nigeria, wani shirin Danish game da masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya. == Kyaututtuka == * Kyaututtuka 5 a bikin fina-finai na Najeriya, shekarar 2002: Mafi kyawun mai gabatarwa, Mafi kyawun marubucin rubutun, Mafi kyawun Darakta, Mafi kyawun Wasanni na Talabijin, da Mafi kyawun Fitar da Talabijin. * [[Order of the Federal Republic|memba na Order of the Federal Republic]] (MFR), 2009 == Rayuwa ta mutum == Adenuga ta auri Ehiwenma tun shekara ta 1975. <ref name="myhubby">{{Cite web |title=My hubby not a womaniser – Mrs. Wale Adenuga |url=https://www.modernghana.com/movie/5692/3/my-hubby-not-a-womaniser-mrs-wale-adenuga.html |access-date=2017-12-22 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] apjvynj0g1x14jajub44t9gbxiiebm4 0 15210 975337 884992 2026-11-02T20:41:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Francisca Ordega.jpg|thumb|hoton yar kwallo francicca]] [[Fayil:Francisca Ordega.jpg|thumb|Francisca Ordega]] [[Fayil:Regroupement des Nigérianes.jpg|thumb|Francisca Ordega suna hade]] [[Fayil:Christine Nairn (43020154101).jpg|thumb|Francisca Ordegatn bin balla]] '''Francisca "Franny" Ordega''' (An haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Oktobar shekara ta alif 1993) ita ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan ƙwallon [[Kwallan Kwando|ƙafa ce ta ƙasar]] [[Nijeriya]] tana bugawa kungiyar kwallon kafa na ''Shanghai'' ''Shenhua'', kuma tana buga gasar ƙwallon [[Kwallan Kwando|ƙafa ta]] Mata a ƙasar [[China]]. Tana wakiltar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta mata ta kasa (Super Falcons) a duka Kofin Duniya na Mata da na Mata na Afirka . An kuma zabe ta itace fitacciyar 'yar kwallon kafa na Afirka <ref name="awc">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2014/10/03/5150576/oparanozie-ordega-eye-2014-african-women-championship-trophy|title=Oparanozie, Ordega eye 2014 African Women Championship trophy|work=Goal.com|access-date=9 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/people/nigeria/55062/francisca-ordega/national|title=Francisca Ordega|work=Goal.com|access-date=9 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/francisca-ordega/150694/|title=Ordega on Soccerway|publisher=Perform Group|work=Soccerway|access-date=9 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="spiritprofile">{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/francisca-ordega/|title=Profile|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> == Kariyan ta na wasanni == === Kulab === ==== Bayelsa Queens ==== Ordega ta fara aikin ta ne a matakin matasa na kungiyar Bayelsa Queens, kafin daga baya ta samu daukaka zuwa bangaren kwararru a shekarar 2008 inda ta taka leda a gasar mata ta Najeriya .<ref name="spiritprofile2">{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/francisca-ordega/|title=Profile|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> ==== Rivers Angels ==== A shekarar 2011, ta koma kungiyar Rivers Angels, daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi a Gasar Mata ta kasar Najeriyar .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/ordega-parts-ways-with-rossiyanka/|title=Ordega parts ways with Rossiyanka|website=thenationonlineeng.net|author=Owerri Tunde Liadi|date=13 November 2012|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> ==== WFC Rossiyanka ==== A shekarar 2012, Ordega ta bar [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] don sanya hannu tare da zakarun Rasha Rossiyanka na Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Rasha .A cikin watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2012, an sanar da cewa Ordega da Rossiyanka sun raba hanya. ==== Piteå IF ==== A cikin shekarar 2013, Ordega ta sanya hannu don Piteå IF a cikin [[Sweden|Yaren mutanen Sweden]] Damallsvenskan .Ta zira kwallayenta na farko ne a ranar 26 ga watan Mayu na shekarar 2013 a kokarin zane a kan Vittsjö GIK .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.futaa.com/article/59713/ordega-opens-goal-account-in-sweden|title=Ordega opens goal account in Sweden|website=futaa.com|author=Israel Samuel|date=27 March 2013|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=25 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015145/http://www.futaa.com/article/59713/ordega-opens-goal-account-in-sweden|url-status=dead}}</ref>Tsakanin shekarar 2013 da shekara ta 2015, ta yi wasanni 34 kuma ta ci kwallaye 4 a lokacin da take kasar Sweden.<ref name="SignsWash">{{cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2015/03/27/ordega-delighted-to-join-washington-spirit/|title=Ordega delighted to join Washington Spirit|website=independent.ng|author=Ifreke Inyang|date=26 March 2015|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> ==== Matsayin ta a Washington ==== Daga nan Ordega ta tsallaka arewacin Tekun Atlantika kuma ya sanya hannu tare da Washington Spirit a cikin Kungiyar Kwallan Mata ta Kasa .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2012/09/03/3352083/falconets-francisca-ordega-signs-for-swedish-club-jitex-bk|title=Falconets' Francisca Ordega signs for Swedish club Jitex BK – report|work=Goal.com|access-date=9 October 2014}}</ref> A farkon kaka tare da Ruhu, Ordega ta ci kwallaye uku kuma ta taimaka aka zura kwallaye biyu. Ta dawo cikin shekara ta 2016 don zira kwallaye biyu a lokacin wasanni na yau da kullun. Burin da aka fi mantawa da shi na Ruhun Najeriyar ya zo ne a gasar zakarun na NWSL lokacin da ta zira kwallaye a karin lokaci don tura Ruhun zuwa Gasar farko ta NWSL. A watan Yulin shekarar 2017, Ordgea ya ji rauni a gwiwa wanda zai iyakance mintocin ta na sauran lokacin .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blackandredunited.com/washington-spirit-womens-soccer/2017/7/13/15969404/washington-spirit-francisca-ordega-nwsl-cali-farquharson|title=Washington Spirit lose Francisca Ordega to knee injury|publisher=Black and Red United|author=Jason Anderson|date=13 July 2017|access-date=23 January 2018}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>Duk da raunin, har ilayau zata samu damar buga wasanni 14 sannan ta zira kwallaye 4. ===== Lon ga Sydney FC ===== A watan Disamba na shekarar 2016, [[Sydney]] FC ta rattaba hannu kan Ordega a matsayin aro daga Washington don ragowar lokacin shekarar 2016 da shekara ta 2017 W-League <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blackandredunited.com/2016/12/22/14052978/francisca-ordega-washington-spirit-sydney-fc|title=Washington Spirit striker Francisca Ordega joins Sydney FC on loan|publisher=Black and Red United|author=Jason Anderson|date=22 December 2016|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124135854/https://www.blackandredunited.com/2016/12/22/14052978/francisca-ordega-washington-spirit-sydney-fc|url-status=dead}}</ref>.Lamarin ya sanya ta zama 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta fara wasa a kungiyar W-League ta Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/australian-a-league/story/3025354/sydney-fc-bring-nigerian-star-francisca-ordega-to-w-league|title=Sydney FC bring Nigerian star Francisca Ordega to W-League|work=[[ESPN FC]]|date=22 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nwslsoccer.com/washington-spirit-loans-forward-francisca-ordega-to-sydney-fc|title=Washington Spirit loans forward Francisca Ordega to Sydney FC|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]]|date=22 December 2016|access-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305201104/http://nwslsoccer.com/washington-spirit-loans-forward-francisca-ordega-to-sydney-fc|archive-date=5 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ordega zata buga wasanni shida sannan yaci kwallaye sau daya yana taimakawa Sydney samun matsayi na 3 a gasar . ===== Lon zuwa Atlético Madrid ===== A ranar 20 ga watan Oktoba na shekarar 2017, Ordega ta koma kulob din [[Ispaniya|Spain]] na Atlético Madrid a matsayin aro na wata shida daga Washing ton.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino/francisca-ordega-ficha-por-atletico-madrid-femenino-6367462|title=Francisca Ordega ficha por el Atlético de Madrid femenino|trans-title=Francisca Ordega signed for Atlético Madrid women|language=es|newspaper=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]]|date=20 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/francisca-ordega-joins-atletico-madrid-on-loan-from/axwjce85zaxj15jf105ntv6wy|title=Francisca Ordega joins Atletico Madrid on loan from Washington Spirit|website=goal.com|author=Samuel Ahmadu|date=20 October 2017|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref>Ta fara wasan farko ne a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 2017 a kan Barcelona .<ref>{{cite news|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/pro/francisca-ordega-makes-debut-with-spanish-league-debut-with-atletico-madrid/|title=Francisca Ordega makes debut with Spanish league side Atletico Madrid|publisher=Washington Spirit|date=1 November 2017|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> ===== Komawa Shanghai WFC ===== Ordega ta kulla yarjejeniyar shekara daya zuwa [[Shanghai]] WFC<ref>{{cite web|last1=Admin|title=Super Falcons star Francisca Ordega joins Chinese side Shanghai WFC|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/super-falcons-star-francisca-ordega-joins-chinese-side-shanghai-wfc-from-washington/t9ggs00|website=Pulse|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302031327/https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/super-falcons-star-francisca-ordega-joins-chinese-side-shanghai-wfc-from-washington/t9ggs00|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Levante UD === A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2021, Ordega ta sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da [[Levante UD Femenino|Levante UD]] wanda zata ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 2023, a yunƙurin haɓaka burinsu na neman cancantar [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League na Mata|ƙwallon ƙafa ta Zakarun Turai]] a karon farko a tarihin su.<ref>{{Cite web|title=El Levante UD Femenino firma a la delantera Francisca Ordega hasta 2023|url=https://www.levanteud.com/es/info/el-levante-ud-femenino-firma-a-la-delantera-francisca-ordega-hasta-2023|access-date=2021-05-01|website=LevanteUD|language=es}}</ref> [[Fayil:Jubilation de but du Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Francisca Ordega suna wasa]] == Kariyan ta na duniya == Ordega ta wakilci kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta kasa a duk matakai. Tare da 'yan kasa na shekaru 17, ta buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA FIFA U-17 na shekarar 2010 tare da' yan kasa na shekaru 20 a shekarar 2012 FIFA U-20 Kofin Duniya na Mata . A matakin koli ta taka leda a gasar FIFA ta Kofin Duniya na mata na shekarar 2011 da shekara ta 2015 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=301727/|title=FIFA player stats|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-date=3 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703085331/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=301727/|url-status=dead}}</ref>A karshen ta bude asusun ta na gasar cin kofin duniya ta hanyar jefa kwallayen Najeriya a ragar Sweden a ranar 8 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2015 a [[Winnipeg|Winnipeg, Manitoba]], Kanada. Wasan bugun ƙarewa ya ƙare 3-3 a wasan buɗewa na rukunin D.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.womenssoccerunited.com/o-upset-sweden/|title=The O's upset Sweden in pulsating 3 all thriller|work=Women's Soccer United|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422153911/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/o-upset-sweden/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya a Gasar Mata ta Afirka ta shekarar 2010 da kuma shekara ta 2014, inda ta lashe gasar duka. A cikin shekara ta 2018, ta kuma kasance memba na 'yan wasan Najeriya da suka lashe gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ta shekarar 2018 a Ghana, Gasar da ta ci kwallaye biyu da ci biyu kuma ta lashe kyautar mata a wasan karshe da Afirka ta hudu. <ref>Adeboye Amosu (1 December 2018) "Ordega Named Woman Of The Match In Nigeria Win Vs South Africa" , " Complete Sports Nigeria "</ref> === Kwallayan ta === ''Sakamakon farko da sakamako ya lissafa yawan kwallayen Najeriya'' {| class="wikitable" !A'a ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Kishiya ! Ci ! Sakamakon ! Gasa |- |<div class="center"> 1</div> | 1 Nuwamba 2010 | Filin wasa na Sinaba, Daveyton, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] | Mali |<div class="center"> '''5''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 5-0</div> | Gasar Mata ta Afirka a 2010 |- |<div class="center"> 2</div> | 17 Oktoba 2014 | Filin wasa na Sam Nujoma, [[Windhoek]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] | Namibia |<div class="center"> '''2''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 2–0</div> | Gasar Mata ta Afirka a 2014 |- |<div class="center"> 3</div> | 8 Yuni 2015 | Filin wasa na [[Winnipeg]], [[Winnipeg]], [[Kanada]] | Sweden |<div class="center"> '''3''' –3</div> |<div class="center"> 3–3</div> | Kofin Duniya na Mata na 2015 FIFA |- |<div class="center"> 4</div> | 20 Nuwamba 2016 | Stade Municipal de Limbe, Limbe, [[Kamaru]] | Mali |<div class="center"> '''1''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 6-0</div> | Kofin Kasashen Afirka na Mata na 2016 |- |<div class="center"> 5</div> | 21 Nuwamba 2018 | rowspan="2" | Filin Wasannin Cape Coast, Cape Coast, [[Ghana]] | Zambiya |<div class="center"> '''2''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 4-0</div> | rowspan="2" | Kofin Kasashen Afirka na Mata na 2018 |- |<div class="center"> 6</div> | 24 Nuwamba 2018 | Equatorial Guinea |<div class="center"> '''1''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 6-0</div> |} == Daraja da lamban girma == ; Kogin Mala'iku * Kofin Matan Najeriya (1): 2012 ; Atlético Madrid * Primera División (1): 2017-18 === Na duniya === ; Najeriya * Gasar Mata ta Afirka (4): 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018 . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Francisca Ordega * Francisca Ordega * Francisca Ordega (2013) * Francisca Ordega (2014) * [http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/francisca-ordega/ Bayani] a Ruhun Washington * Francisca Ordega {{DEFAULTSORT:Ordega, Francisca}} [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Mata yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Yan kwallan kafa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1993]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rbu8jdwtneyymj9iarekurdu832babu 0 15595 975506 566439 2026-11-03T09:05:26Z Zahrah0 14848 975506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hauwa MainaMaina,''' Marigayiyar tsohuwar ’yar fim ce kuma furodusa ce, an haife ta ne a garin Biu wanda yake a[[Jihar Borno]]. Ƴar wasan [[kwaikwayo]] ce a [[Hausa]] fim. Hauwa Maina ta fara fim ne acikin shekarata alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da takwas (1998). Ba ta da sha'awar yin wasan kai tsaye. ==Tarihin rayuwa== An haifeta a garin [[biu|kaduna, Amma asalin ta ta fito daga garin biu]] dake [[Jihar Borno]], [[Najeriya]]. Ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin [[Kimiyya]] da Fasaha ta Jihar [[Kaduna]], inda ta karanci fannin Ma’aikata.{{Ana bukatan hujja}} <ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-43996281</ref>Bayan samun difloma na ƙasa, Hauwa ta yanke shawarar aiki a matsayin 'yanci. Hakan ya kasance kafin ta haɓaka sha'awar zane-zane da wasan [[kwaikwayo]]. Tana da mutum na musamman da za ta gode wa saboda yadda ta ba ta aikin wasan kwaikwayo ta turawa,sanan jarumar yar kabilar pabur ne<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-43996281</ref> == Aure == Jarumar tayi aure tana da yarinya mace me suna ahalan, tayi aure da yaro ɗaya kafin rasuwar mahaifiyar ta. ==Sana'ar fim== Hauwa Maina, ta shiga masana'antar fim tun acikin shekarar 1998 zuwa 1999. Inda ta fara da wani fim mai suna "TUBA" a matsayin jaruma, kuma a mafi yawan fina-finan ta, ta fi mayar da hankali ga bangaren da ke nuna jajircewar diya mace. Fim ɗin ta na farko shine ''Tuba'', sai ta fito a fim ɗin ''bayajidda''-wani fim na tarihi da ake amfani da shi wajen koyar da yara a makaranta a yau.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Liman |first1=Abubakar Aliyu |title=Memorializing a Legendary Figure: Bajajidda the Prince of Bagdad in Hausa Land |journal=Afrika Focus |date=5 September 2019 |volume=32 |issue=1 |doi=10.21825/af.v32i1.11787 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tana da kamfanin kashin kanta, kamfanin mai suna ''Ma'inta Enterprises Limited'' kuma kamfanin ya shirya fina-finai da suka haɗa da ''Gwaska, Sarauniya Amina'' da sauran su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blueprint |date=2014-03-24 |title=We want to tell our African stories in Hausa movies – Hauwa Maina |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/we-want-to-tell-our-african-stories-in-hausa-movies-hauwa-maina/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Blueprint|publisher=Blueprint Newspapers Limited |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-05-04 |title=Hail of tributes trail late Hauwa Maina, Kannywood celebrated actress |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/05/hail-tributes-trail-late-hauwa-maina-kannywood-celebrated-actress/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="Edubi">{{Cite web |last=Edubi |first=Omotayo |date=2018-05-03 |title=Kannywood actress, Hauwa Maina, is dead |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/208093-2/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-us}}</ref> ===Fina-fina=== *''Tuba'' *''Queen Amina of Zazzau''<ref name=":0" /> *''Bayajida'' *''Sarauniya Amina'' *''Gwaska'' * ''Maina'' * Dawo dawo. Da sauran su == Nominations and awards == * Best Afro Nollywood award in London, 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-03 |title=Kannywood actress Hauwa Maina is dead |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/kannywood-actress-hauwa-maina-dies/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> * Best actress  at the SIM Awards, 2010.<ref name="Edubi"/> ==Mutuwa== A ranar Laraba 2 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2018 ne Hauwa Maina ta rasu a asibiti a Kano bayan doguwar rashin lafiya.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/266989-breaking-kannywood-actress-hauwa-maina-is-dead.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=2018-05-02 |title=Kannywood actress, Hauwa Maina, is dead |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/266989-breaking-kannywood-actress-hauwa-maina-is-dead.html |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> ta fara kwanciya a asibitin Dake Kano ,ta shafe wata uku tana jinya sannan Anan ta rasu, anyi Jana,Izar jarumar a ranar alhamis a mahaifarta watau jihar Kaduna, Sannan ta rasu tana da shekara hamsin a duniya<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-43998583</ref> == Duba kuma== * [[Halima Atete|Halimah Atete]] * [[Ali Artwork]] * [[Lucy Ameh]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/tag/hauwa-maina/</ref> [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Category:Kannywood]] og3elb8z6spzi8kjzuqbyanfrwyw2pn 0 15715 975469 271672 2026-11-03T06:01:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Grace Chinonyelum Anigbata''' (an haife ta a 16 ga Satumbar shekarar 1998) 'yar wasan tsere ce ta [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] wacce ta ƙware a tsere har sau uku . Ta yi gasar ne a Wasannin Afirka na 2019 a cikin tsalle uku da ta ci lambar zinare. A cikin 2016, Grace Anigbata ta zama zakara a tsalle-tsalle a Nijeriya tana da shekaru 18, tare da tsalle na 1.70 m.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-women-s-triple-jump-1-01.htm |title=African Games (Athletics) Results - Women's Triple Jump Final |website=2019 AG official website |access-date=26 August 2019 |archive-date=26 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826205553/https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-women-s-triple-jump-1-01.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://punchng.com/team-nigerias-anigbata-grabs-triple-jump-gold-as-ogundeji-wins-discus-silver/ |title=Team Nigeria’s Anigbata grabs triple jump gold, as Ogundeji wins discus silver |website=punchng.com |access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/african-games-2019-rabat-kigen-rengeruk |title=KIGEN AND RENGERUK LEAD CHARGE FOR KENYA ON FIRST DAY OF AFRICAN GAMES |website=iaaf.org |access-date=26 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/07/09/olamigoke-wins-first-national-title-seasons-best-16-70m/ |title=Olamigoke wins 1st National title with SB of 16.70m |website=makingofchamps.com |accessdate=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807125125/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2016/07/09/olamigoke-wins-first-national-title-seasons-best-16-70m/ |archive-date=7 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ta lashe gasar tsalle-tsalle sau uku na gasar Afirka a Asaba. == Bayani == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ƴan tsere a Najeriya]] ibmsn82si049vrokhad17x64t3w2i8r 0 15763 975294 492230 2026-11-02T18:11:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:The Examiner 1847-12-18- Iss 2081 (IA sim examiner-a-weekly-paper-on-politics-literature-music 1847-12-18 2081).pdf|thumb|mai Gyaranta]] '''Favour Chukwuka Ofili''' (an haife ta 31 ga Disamban shekarar 2002) ƴar wasan tseren [[Najeriya]] ce.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/nigeria/favour-ofili-429907|title=Favour OFILI {{!}} Profile {{!}} iaaf.org|website=www.iaaf.org|access-date=2019-09-30}}</ref> A shekarar 2019 tayi nasarar samun kyautar Silba a tseren mita 400.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2019/04/19/ofili-chukwuma-strike-gold-on-day-4-of-african-u20-u18-championships/|title=Ofili & Chukwuma strike GOLD on Day 4 of African U20 & U18 Championships|last=Ogeyingbo|first=Deji|date=2019-04-19|website=MAKING OF CHAMPIONS|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930192013/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2019/04/19/ofili-chukwuma-strike-gold-on-day-4-of-african-u20-u18-championships/|archive-date=2019-09-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tana ƴar shekara 16 ta wakilci ƙasar ta a gasar tsere wadda akayi a Yokohama tseren mitoci 4 x 100 m and 4 x 400 m.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/nigeria-medal-hopefuls-as-doha-world-championships-begin/|title=Nigeria medal hopefuls as Doha World Championships begin|last=Published|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-30}}</ref> Ta zama zakarar tsere ta mata a gasar shekarar ''2019 African U18 and U20 Championships in Athletics'' bayan nasarar da tayi a tseren mita 200 da 400. [[File:Forfeited estates (microform) - notice is hereby given, that the commissioners of forfeited estates, will on Saturday the 25th day of March next, expose to public sale (IA cihm 41339).pdf|thumb|Favour Ofili]] Tazo ta biyu a bayan ƴar tsere Patience George a gasar tsere ta ''2019 Nigerian Championships'' inada tayi gudu na a ƙasa da sakanni 52 a karon farko a mita 400. == Nasarori na ƙasa == * Mita 200: 2019 == Nasarori na ƙashin kai == * 400 m – 51.51 ([[Doha]] 2019) * 200 m - 23.24 ([[Abuja]] 2019) ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ƴan tsere a Najeriya]] dss7j3zj24ohyecxdcbcnbe2yjedho8 0 18235 975190 443333 2026-11-02T15:45:59Z Salma Raddah 45959 975190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Musa Sultanovich Mazayev''' ( Russian ; an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1977) tsohon [[Rasha|dan]] kwallon [[Kwallan Kwando|Rasha ne]]. ==Aikin Kwallo == Ya fara taka leda a gasar Firimiya ta Rasha a shekara ta 2005 a kungiyar FC Terek Grozny, kuma ya buga wasanni 4 a gasar cin kofin UEFA 2004 - 05 domin su. == Daraja == * Gasar cin Kofin Rasha : 2004. * Dan wasan rukuni na biyu na rukuni na biyu da ya fi kowa zira kwallaye a shekarar 2002. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:'Yan wasan kwallon kafan Russian]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dz1bzi1ois8y7m1zhg6fnl8ebkqb104 0 20049 975530 911947 2026-11-03T11:51:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Yobe State Government.png|thumb|Tutar yobe]] [[Fayil:After Kazan school attack (2021-05-12) 27.jpg|thumb|attack]] A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2013, wasu 'yan bindiga sun kai hari Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati a kauyen Mamudo a [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]], [[Najeriya]], inda suka kashe akalla mutane 42. Galibin wadanda suka mutu dalibai ne, inda wasu ma’aikatan su ma aka kashe. == Bayananin Tarihi (Asali) == [[Boko Haram]] (wani lokacin ana dangantasu da ƴan [[Taliban]] na Najeriya ) da aka kafa ta a shekarar 2002 zuwa neman kafa kasar Musulunci, kuma yaƙi da Westernization na Najeriya, wanda kungiyar kula da shi ne da tushen laifi hali a ƙasar.<ref name=Telegraph/> Daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2013, tashin hankalin da ke da nasaba da rikicin Boko Haram ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 3,600, ciki har da fararen hula 1,600.<ref name=AFP /><ref name=Newsday /> A tsakiyar watan Mayun 2013, Najeriya ta ayyana dokar ta-baci a [[Borno|Jihohin]] [[Adamawa]], Borno, da [[Yobe]], saboda tana da burin kawo karshen rikicin Boko Haram. <ref name="AFP" /> Sakamakon hakan ya haifar da kame ko kashe ɗaruruwan ƴan [[Boko Haram]], yayin da ragowar suka koma yankunan tsaunuka inda daga nan suka ci gaba da kai hari kan fararen hula. <ref name="Newsday" /> Tun shekarar 2010, Boko Haram ta kai hari makarantu, inda ta kashe daruruwan dalibai. Mai magana da yawun gwamnati ya ce za a ci gaba da kai irin wadannan hare -hare muddin sojojin gwamnati za su ci gaba da yin katsalandan kan ilimin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani na gargajiya.]] Sama da yara 10,000 ba sa iya zuwa makaranta saboda hare -haren Boko Haram.<ref name=Telegraph /> Kimanin mutane 20,000 sun tsere daga jihar Yobe zuwa [[Kamaru]] a cikin watan Yuni, shekara ta 2013 don gujewa tashin hankali.<ref name=Newsday/> A watan Yuni na shekara ta 2013, sojojin Najeriya sun lakaɗawa dalibai duka a wata makarantar koyan Alkur'ani, abin da ya fusata 'yan Boko Haram.<ref name=Telegraph /> Wani hari da mayaƙan Boko Haram suka kai a ranar 16 ga watan Yuni, ya kashe yara bakwai, malamai biyu, sojoji biyu, da mayakan biyu. Washegari, 'yan bindiga sun kashe dalibai tara da ke zana jarabawa. A ranar 4 ga watan Yuli, 'yan bindiga sun kai hari tare da kashe wani shugaban makaranta da iyalansa.<ref name=Newsday /> Mamudo shine {{Convert|5|km|mi}} daga [[Potiskum|garin Potiskum]], cibiyar kasuwanci kuma babban wurin rikicin Boko Haram.<ref name=AFP /> == Hari== Kafin wayewar gari a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli, wasu 'yan bindiga sun kai hari kan wata makarantar kwana ta gwamnati ta dalibai 1,200 a kauyen Mamudo, jihar Yobe, Najeriya, inda suka kashe kimanin mutane 42.<ref name=Telegraph>{{cite news|title=Extremist attack in Nigeria kills 42 at boarding school|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10163942/Extremist-attack-in-Nigeria-kills-42-at-boarding-school.html|first=Damien|last=McElroy|date=6 July 2013|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=6 July 2013}}</ref> Wani shaidan gani da ido ya bayyana halin da ake ciki: “Wannan abin kyama ne. Gawarwaki 42 ne; yawancin su dalibai ne. Wasu daga cikinsu sun fashe wasu sassan jikinsu kuma sun ƙone ƙurmus yayin da wasu suka samu raunuka na harbin bindiga.”<ref name=AFP>{{cite news|title=Nigeria school attack claims 42 lives|agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]|work=[[The Australian]]|date=6 July 2013|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/nigeria-school-attack-claims-42-lives/story-e6frg6so-1226675417375|access-date=6 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221060730/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/nigeria-school-attack-claims-42-lives/story-e6frg6so-1226675417375|archive-date=21 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Galibin waɗanda suka mutu ɗalibai ne, tare da kashe wasu ma’aikatansu da kuma wani malami.<ref name=AFP /><ref name=Telegraph /> An ƙone wasu da ransu yayin da wasu suka mutu sakamakon harbin bindiga. A dakin ajiyar gawarwaki, iyaye sun yi gwagwarmaya don gano yaransu, saboda gawarwaki da yawa sun kone fiye da yadda ba za'a iya tantance su ba.<ref name=Newsday>{{cite news|title=School attack kills 30 in northeast Nigeria|agency=[[Associated Press|AP]]|date=6 June 2013|work=Newsday|url=http://www.newsday.com/news/world/school-attack-kills-30-in-northeast-nigeria-1.5636183|access-date=6 July 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130706170414/http://www.newsday.com/news/world/school-attack-kills-30-in-northeast-nigeria-1.5636183|archive-date=6 July 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> An kai waɗanda suka tsira zuwa asibitin da ke kusa, wanda sojojin Najeriya sukai gadinsu.<ref name=Telegraph/> A cewar wadanda suka tsira, ƴan bindigar sun tattara waɗanda abin ya rutsa da su a tsakiyan wurin sannan suka fara harbe -harbe da jefa abubuwan fashewa.<ref name=AFP/> Maharan sun kuma kawo man fetur don cinnawa makarantar wuta.<ref name=Telegraph/> An gano ɗalibai shida da suka tsere sun ɓuya a cikin dazuzzuka tare da raunin harbin bindiga sannan aka kai su asibiti. <ref name="AFP" /> Fiye da mutane dari 100 suka bata tun ranar 6 ga watan Yuli. <ref name="Telegraph" /> == Martani == A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2013, gwamnan jahar Yobe [[Ibrahim Gaidam|Ibrahim Geidam ya]] kira maharan masu kisan gilla cikin ruwan sanyi kuma "ba su da wani yanki na bil'adama". Ya umarci dukkan makarantun sakandaren jihar su rufe har zuwa watan Satumba, farkon sabuwar shekarar karatu. Ya kuma nemi gwamnatin kasa da ta kawo karshen katse wayar salula a jihar, yana mai cewa rashin wayar salula ya hana 'yan kasa sanar da hukumomin mutanen da ake zargi a yankin kafin harin.<ref name=BBC2>{{cite news|title=Nigeria school massacre: Yobe secondary schools closed|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23221237|access-date=7 July 2013|date=7 July 2013|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:2013 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]] [[category:Boko Haram]] [[category:Jihar Yobe]] lejsqtal4bb56ueoaqw8zeufobf56z1 0 20589 975492 648148 2026-11-03T08:37:26Z Zahrah0 14848 975492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Hamza Al-Mustapha 2023.jpg|thumb|Hamza al-Mustapha]] [[Fayil:Hamza al-Mustapha 2023.jpg|thumb|Hamza al-Mustapha]] '''Hamza Al-Mustapha''' (An haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Yulin, shekarar ta alif 1960), Babban hafsan sojan [[Najeriya]] ne kuma jami’in leƙen asiri wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami’in tsaro ga mai [[Gwamnatin Soja]]Janar [[Sani Abacha]] daga shekarar alif da ɗari tara da casa'in da ukku (1993) zuwa shekarar alif da ɗari tara da casa'in da takwas (1998). == Rayuwar farko == Hamza Al-Mustapha an haife shi kuma yayi karatu a garin [[Nguru]]. Ya yi rajista a asirce a matsayin jami'in jami'a, a Makarantar [[Jami'ar Tsaron Nijeriya|Koyon Tsaro ta Najeriya]] kuma an ba shi izini a cikin Sojojin [[Najeriya]] a matsayin Laftana ta biyu. == Aikin soja == Daga watan Agustan shekarar alif da ɗari tara da tamanin da biyar (1985), zuwa watan Agustan shekara alif da ɗari tara da casa'in (1990). Al-Mustapha ya kasance Mataimakin-de-Camp (ADC) din Shugaban hafsan soji, Janar [[Sani Abacha]]. Duk shugaban sa da kuma shugaban ƙasa, Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] yana da cikakkiyar dogaro da iyawarsa, kuma sun damka masa wasu iko na daban, wadanda suka fi sauran jami'an da suka fi shi girma. Wannan ya ƙara nuna shi a matsayin mai ƙarfin faɗa aji na soja. === Jami'in leken asirin soja === An horar da Al-Mustapha a matsayin jami’in leken asiri na soja. Ya riƙe mukamai daban-daban na kwamandoji a Ma’aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida, Kungiyar Tsaro ta Daraktan Leken Asirin Sojoji (SG-DMI), Runduna ta 82 da Hedikwatar Soja ; [[Ma'aikatar Tsaron Najeriya|Ma'aikatar Tsaro]] da [[Aso Rock Villa|Fadar Shugaban Kasa]]. Hakanan ya kasance cikin ayyukan ɓoye-bayanan sirri da aƙalla bincike biyu na yunƙurin juyin mulki; yadda yake gudanar da tambayoyi ya kawo shi ga Janar Sani Abacha. ya kuma gudanar da ayyuka a ƙasashen Chadi, Laberiya, Bakassi, Gambiya da Saliyo . == Zamanin Abacha == === Gabobin ta'addanci === An naɗa Al-Mustapha a matsayin Babban Jami'in Tsaro na Shugaban kasa (CSOHoS) tare da Rikicin Soja na Musamman a lokacin mulkin soja na Sani Abacha (a ranar sha bakwai 17 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif 1993 - zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Yunin shekarar alif 1998). Sauran kayan tsaro a lokacin su ne Ofishin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro a ƙarƙashin [[Ismaila Gwarzo]] ; Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa ; Daraktan Leken Asiri na Soja ; da kuma Hukumar Tsaron Jiha duk a karkashin al-Mustapha. Duk waɗannan rukunoni suna aikata kisan gilla ga mutanen da ake gani suna barazana ga tsarin mulki. Bayan an naɗa shi shugaban tsaro, Al-Mustapha ya kafa wasu kananan kayan tsaro wadanda aka debo daga sojoji da sauran kungiyoyin tsaro kuma aka horar da su a [[Isra'ila|Isra’ila]] da [[Koriya ta Arewa]]. Mai bai wa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro Ismaila Gwarzo da Al-Mustapha ne aka ce su ke da alhakin yawancin “azabtarwa, kisa da satar dukiya” a lokacin mulkin Sani Abacha. Al-Mustapha ya sanya irin wannan tsoron har ana cewa shi mala'ika ne na mashin din ta'addanci, tare da janar-janar na soja da 'yan siyasa ke tsoron sa baki daya.<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_al-Mustapha</ref> === Siyasar iko === <mapframe latitude="9.058702" longitude="8.525391" zoom="4" width="200" height="145" align="right"> { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ 9.7119140625, 7.2534960500695 ], [ 9.7119140625, 7.1663003819032 ], [ 9.68994140625, 7.2099003143688 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.4278365287383 ], [ 9.580078125, 6.6427829003562 ], [ 9.77783203125, 7.2316987083671 ], [ 9.66796875, 7.1444988496473 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.4931964701223 ], [ 9.7119140625, 7.3842578283093 ], [ 9.7998046875, 7.2752923363722 ], [ 9.73388671875, 7.297087564172 ], [ 9.84375, 7.2316987083671 ], [ 9.82177734375, 7.3624668655358 ], [ 9.77783203125, 7.1008926686237 ], [ 9.82177734375, 7.0790880260717 ], 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7.264394325339779 ] } } ] } </mapframe> Al-Mustapha ya lura da sake tsarin yankin baki ɗaya na Najeriya zuwa shiyyoyi shida na siyasa, a cikin wannan ya samar da tarin 'yan leken asiri da masu ba da labarai a fadin tarayyar; * Arewa ta Tsakiya : [[Benue (jiha)|Jihar Benuwai]], da [[Kogi]], da [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], da [[Nasarawa]], da [[Neja]], da [[Plateau (jiha)|Filato]] da Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya . * Arewa Maso Gabas : [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], da [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], da [[Borno]], da [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], da [[Taraba]] da [[Yobe]] . * Arewa maso Yamma : [[Jigawa|Jihar Jigawa, da Jihar]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], da [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], da [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]], da [[Kebbi]], da [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]] da [[Zamfara]] . * Kudu maso Gabas : [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], da [[Anambra]], da [[Ebonyi]], da [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu,]] da [[Imo]] . * Kudu Ta Kudu : [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Edo]] da [[Rivers|Ribas]] . * Kudu maso Yamma : [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]], da [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], da [[Ogun]], da [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], da [[Osun]] da kuma [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]] . Al-Mustapha ya kuma taka rawa wajen tsara farfaganda ta gwamnati da kuma ba da tallafi na Jiha ga Kungiyar Matasa ta Neman Abacha, wanda ya shirya Rikicin Mutum Miliyan 2 don nuna goyon baya ga Abacha. Ya kuma samu nasarar tsoratar da dukkan bangarorin siyasa wajen amincewa da Abacha a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa tilo. === Canja mulki === A watan Yunin shekarar alif 1998, bayan mutuwar Abacha, ba tare da bata lokaci ba aka cire al-Mustapha daga mukaminsa ta hanyar gwamnatin rikon kwarya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar [[Abdulsalami Abubakar|Abdulsalam Abubakar]] . == Kamawa da shiga ciki == === Kama === Bayan kamun nasa, da farko an tsare al-Mustapha kuma an yi masa tambayoyi a lokacin taron Oputa, sannan aka zarge shi da shirya akalla juyin mulki sau huɗu daga gidan yari, kafin a koma da shi zuwa Kurkukun Kirikiri na Mafi Girma, inda aka azabtar da shi sama da shekara guda. Ya kasance cikin sarƙoƙi da tsare kansa shi kaɗai har tsawon shekara guda, an yarda da ƙoƙon ruwa kawai a kowace rana kuma yana fuskantar azabtar da hankali. Ma’aikatan gwamnati sun wawure masa gidaje na zaman kansa da ke Abuja, Kano da Yobe, an kona kayan wasan yaransa a gabansa don sanya tsoro, danginsa suna fuskantar barazana mai yawa, kuma a duk lokacin da yake aikin an bar shi ya ga iyayensa sau biyu kawai - wanda daga baya ya mutu. A watan Mayu na 2011, akwai jita-jita cewa an kashe al-Mustapha a Kurkukun Babban Gida na Tsaro inda ake tsare da shi, amma wadannan ba su da gaskiya. === Kashewa === A shekara ta 2007, an yi roko don a saki al Mustapha ciki har da daga tsohon shugaban ƙasa na mulkin soja, [[Ibrahim Babangida]] . A ranar 21 ga watan Disambar shekara ta pp 2010, an wanke al-Mustapha da sauran wadanda ake tuhuma da mafi yawan laifuka. Koyaya, har yanzu ba a wanke al-Mustapha daga zargin kisan Kudirat Abiola ba. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, an sake shigar da karar. Hamza Al-Mustapha da abokin kararsa Lateef Sofolahan sun ba da shaidar rashin laifinsu game da tuhumar kisan kai. A ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, daga baya Babbar Kotun Legas ta samu al-Mustapha da aikata kisan kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar rataya . A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, Kotun daukaka kara a Legas ta soke hukuncin babbar kotun tare da wanke al-Mustapha daga dukkan tuhumar kisan Kudirat Abiola. A yayin shari’ar ta shekara goma sha biyar, al-Mustapha ya bayyana a gaban alkalai daban-daban goma sha uku da magistoti biyu. === Saki daga horo === Bayan sakinsa, al-Mustapha ya koma [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] . A watan Janairun shekara ta 2017, Gwamnatin Jihar Legas ta shigar da kara zuwa [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli ta Najeriya]], don kotun koli ta tabbatar da hukuncin da ya gabata ta hanyar rataya hukuncin da Babbar Kotun ta yanke. A shekara ta 2017, ya shiga siyasar bangaranci tare da karfin gwiwar matasa da talakawa da ya kafa Green Party of Nigeria (GPN), daga baya ya zama dan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam’iyyar Peoples Party of Nigeria (PPN) yayin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2019 . == Tuhuma == === Niyyar kisa === A watan Oktoba shekara ta alif 1998, an tuhume shi da kisan Kudirat Abiola na watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1996, matar dan takarar shugaban kasa [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] (wanda ya mutu a kurkuku a watan Yulin shekara ta alif 1998). A wajen shari’ar wanda ya yi kisan, Sajan Barnabas Jabila, ya ce yana biyayya ga umarni daga babban sa, al-Mustapha. An kuma tuhumi Al Mustapha da wasu mutum hudu da yunkurin kisan kai a shekara ta alif 1996, [[Alex Ibru]], mawallafin jaridar ''The Guardian'' da kuma Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Abacha. An sake tuhumar al-Mustapha da yunkurin kisan tsohon Shugaban Sojojin Ruwa Isaac Porbeni . === Yunkurin kashe Obasanjo === A ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2004, an tuhume shi da hannu a wani yunkuri na kifar da gwamnati. Wai ya hada baki da wasu ne suka harbo helikofta dauke da Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ta amfani da makami mai linzami daga sama zuwa sama wanda aka shigo da shi kasar daga [[Benin]] . === Azabtar ta mata === A bisa umarnin Uwargidan shugaban kasa [[Maryam Abacha]], an kuma tuhumi al-Mustapha da tsarewa da azabtar da wasu mata da ake zargi budurwar Abacha ce. === Safarar miyagun kwayoyi === A matsayinsa na shugaban hukumar tsaro ta farin kaya (SSS), an kuma tuhumi al-Mustapha da hannu a fataucin muggan kwayoyi, ta hanyar amfani da jaka ta diflomasiyya wajen safarar magungunan. == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KePIE_zgPI Yajin aiki Force Vs Maj.] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KePIE_zgPI Mustapha Hamza - Oputa Panel] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJAAV_ae1Fw Manjo Mustapha cikin fushi yayi Magana game da Mutuwar Cif MKO Abiola - Oputa Panel] == Manazarta == * # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] <references /> [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Yobe]] 1kocxbrosludl0ysogljgxiwdta7wfm 4 21908 975380 975049 2026-11-02T21:27:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 975380 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. 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|[[Special:Contributions/Marion Moseby|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |34 |[[User:Ayinde0023|Ayinde0023]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ayinde0023|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |35 |[[User:Markerpen1102|Markerpen1102]] |[[Special:Contributions/Markerpen1102|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |36 |[[User:Mediagirl9ja|Mediagirl9ja]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mediagirl9ja|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |37 |[[User:Yrmyen|Yrmyen]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yrmyen|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |38 |[[User:Hnorr|Hnorr]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hnorr|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |39 |[[User:Jamila mohh|Jamila mohh]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jamila mohh|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |40 |[[User:Omar Hammad 85|Omar Hammad 85]] |[[Special:Contributions/Omar Hammad 85|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |41 |[[User:142857|142857]] |[[Special:Contributions/142857|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |42 |[[User:Matsuhata|Matsuhata]] |[[Special:Contributions/Matsuhata|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |43 |[[User:Bobmcgee1993|Bobmcgee1993]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bobmcgee1993|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |44 |[[User:Dinitrify|Dinitrify]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dinitrify|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |45 |[[User:Kamara653|Kamara653]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kamara653|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |46 |[[User:Abdussalam Sha Ambato|Abdussalam Sha Ambato]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abdussalam Sha Ambato|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |47 |[[User:TitanFella3004|TitanFella3004]] |[[Special:Contributions/TitanFella3004|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |48 |[[User:Freedom4U|Freedom4U]] |[[Special:Contributions/Freedom4U|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |49 |[[User:Gingercat93|Gingercat93]] |[[Special:Contributions/Gingercat93|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |50 |[[User:Michelle21112013|Michelle21112013]] |[[Special:Contributions/Michelle21112013|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |51 |[[User:Ahfirma|Ahfirma]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ahfirma|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |52 |[[User:Habibu Garba Chula|Habibu Garba Chula]] |[[Special:Contributions/Habibu Garba Chula|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |53 |[[User:Pokire|Pokire]] |[[Special:Contributions/Pokire|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 2 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |} fhfekg41eta4177uaqhng7wz3qdefoc 0 22121 975519 904687 2026-11-03T10:17:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hakkokin''' '''ma'aikata''' ko Hakkin ma'aikata duka Hakkokin doka ne da Hakkin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|dan adam da ya]] shafi alakar aiki tsakanin ma'aikata da ma'aikata. Wadannan Hakkokin an tsara su a cikin dokar kwadago da aikin yi na kasa da Kasa. Gabadaya, wadannan Hakkokin suna tasiri yanayin aiki a cikin alakar aiki domin kashe zaman banza. Ofayan shahararru shine Hakkin ofancin tarayya, in ba haka ba ana kiransa da rightancin tsari. Ma'aikata da aka tsara a cikin kungiyoyin kwadago suna amfani da Hakkin yarjejeniyar gama gari don inganta yanayin aiki. == Bayanin aiki == A cikin tarihi, ma'aikata masu da'awar wasu masu radin hakkokin [[mutane]] sun bada gudunmuwar su domin tabbatar da dokar aiki. A lokacin Tsakiyar Zamani, Tawayen Manoma a [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] sun nuna bukatar mafi kyawun albashi da yanayin aiki. Daya daga cikin shugabannin masu tawayen, John Ball ya shahara da jayayya cewa an haife mutane daidai yana cewa, "Lokacin da [[Adam|Adam ya yi]] tunani kuma [[Hauwa'u|Hauwa ta]] fadi, wane ne mutumin kirki?" Ma'aikata sukan yi kira ga Hakkin gargajiya. Alal misali, English manoma yi yaki da yadi motsi, wanda ya dauki al'ada da zamantakewa da kasashe sanya su masu zaman kansu. Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya ta zartar da Dokar Masana’antu ta 1833 wacce ta nuna cewa yara ‘yan kasa da shekaru 9 ba za su iya yin aiki ba, yara‘ yan shekara 9 zuwa 13 za su iya yin aikin awanni 8 ne kawai a rana, sannan yara ‘yan shekaru 14-18 za su iya yin aiki na awanni 12 kawai a rana ba tare da sun jikata ba. 'Yancin ma'aikata kwatankwacin sabon tsari ne ga tsarin Hakkin dan adam na zamani. Tunanin wannan lokacin game da Hakkin ma'aikata ya kasance ne tun karni na 19 bayan Kirkirar kungiyoyin kwadago masu bin tsarin masana'antu. [[Karl Marx]] ya fito a matsayin dayan farko kuma sanannen mai ba da shawara game da Hakkin ma'aikata. Falsafar sa da ka'idar tattalin arziki ya mai da hankali kan lamuran kwadago kuma yana ba da shawarar tsarin tattalin arzikin sa na gurguzu, al'ummar da ma'aikata za su mulke ta. Yawancin motsi na zamantakewar al'umma don Hakkin ma'aikata sun kasance suna da alaka da kungiyoyin da Marx ya rinjayi kamar masu ra'ayin gurguzu da [[kwaminisanci]]. Moderatearin gurguzu masu ra'ayin gurguzu da dimokiradiyya na zamantakewar al'umma sun goyi bayan bukatun ma'aikacin kuma. Advocaddamar da Hakkokin Hakkin ma'aikata na kwanan nan ya mai da hankali ne ga irin rawar da ake ciki, amfani da ita, da bukatun mata mata, da kuma yawan zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar jama'a ta duniya na baki, sabis, ko baki ma'aikata. === Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO) === An kafa Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO) a shekarar alif 1919 a matsayin wani bangare na Kungiyar Kasashe don kare hakkin ma'aikaci. ILO daga baya ya zama cikin [[Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kanta ta goyi bayan hakkokin ma'aikata ta hanyar sanya abubuwa da yawa a cikin bayanai biyu na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam]], wanda shine tushen Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (Labari na 6-8). Wadannan karanta: # Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya sami aiki, da yancin ya zabi aikin da yake so, kuma ya sami halin yin aiki daidai wa daida kuma ya sami kariya daga rashin aiki. # Kowane mutum, ba tare da wani bambanci ba, yana da hakkin ya sami aikin yi daidai da na aiki daidai wa daida . # Duk wanda ke aiki na da hakkin a ba shi albashi mai kyau wanda zai tabbatar wa kansa da iyalinsa wanzuwa wanda ya cancanci mutuncin dan adam, kuma idan ya cancanta, a ba shi damar yin hakan, ta wata hanyar ba da kariya ta zaman jama'a . # Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya kafa kungiya, ya shiga kungiyar kwadago don kiyaye bukatunsa. # Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya huta da dama, ciki har da m ya rage mata aiki sa'o'i da kuma lokaci-lokaci holidays albashinsa . ILO da wasu kungiyoyi da yawa sun nemi matsayin kwadago na kasa da kasa don samar da 'yancin doka ga ma'aikata a fadin duniya. Hakanan an yi yunkuri na baya-bayan nan don karfafawa kasashe gwiwa don inganta Hakkin kwadago a matakin kasa da Kasa ta hanyar ciniki mai adalci . === Rightsungiyar Kare Hakkin Laborasashen Duniya (ILRF) === Rightsungiyar Kare Hakkin Ma'aikata ta Duniya (ILRF) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke aiki a kan Hakkin kwadago. Manufar su ita ce cimma [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|mutunci]] da adalci ga ma'aikata a duk duniya. Ta hanyar yin aiki tare da sauran kungiyoyi a duk duniya, gami da kungiyar kwadago da kungiyoyin addinai, suna iya yin tasiri ga gwamnatoci da kamfanoni don canji. == Matsayin ka'idodin aiki == Kungiyar ta ILO ce ta gano shi a cikin sanarwar akan Ka'idoji da Hakkoki na Aiki, babban matsayin kwadago "an yarda da cewa yana da matukar mahimmanci". <ref>Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 1996 'Trade, Employment and Labour Standards: A Study of Core Workers' Rights and International Trade'</ref> Suna aiki a duk duniya, ba tare da la'akari da ko an amince da yarjejeniyoyin da suka dace ba, matakin ci gaban kasa ko kimar al'adu. Wadannan ka'idodin sun hadu da kimar cancanta, ba kididdiga masu yawa ba kuma ba su kafa takamaiman matakin aiki, albashi ko ka'idodin lafiya da aminci. abinda ba'a so shine lalata dsmar yancin aiki na dan'adam a duniya domin hakam aka sako wata cibiya a kasashe masu Hakkin dan adam da yawa wadanda suka hada da Yarjejeniyar kan 'yancin dan (CROC), yarjejeniya mafi karancin Hakkin dan adam tare da bangarorin 193, da kuma ICCPR tare da jam'iyyun 160. An saka su cikin tanade-tanade daban-daban wadanda suke da alaka da aiki a cikin kayan aiki masu laushi kamar UN Compact Global, da OECD Guidelines, da kuma ILO MNE Declaration. <u></u> Manufofin kwadago sune: * Ancin kungiya: <ref>ICCPR Art.22, ILO Convention 87</ref> ma'aikata suna iya shiga kungiyoyin kwadago waɗanda ba su da 'yanci daga tasirin gwamnati da tasirin ma'aikata; * 'Yancin cinikin gama gari: <ref>ICCPR Art.22, ILO Convention 98</ref> ma'aikata na iya yin shawarwari tare da ma'aikata a dunkule, sabanin daidaiku; * Haramcin dukkan nau'ikan aikin karfi: <ref>ICCPR Art. 8, ILO Conventions 29 and 105</ref> ya hada da tsaro daga aikin gidan yari da bautar, da kuma hana ma'aikata tilasta musu yin aiki cikin tilas; * Kawar da munanan ayyukan kwadago: <ref>CROC Art. 32 ILO Convention 138</ref> aiwatar da mafi karancin shekarun aiki da wasu sharuddan yanayin aiki ga yara; * Rashin nuna wariya a aikin yi: daidaiton albashi don aikin daidai . A kasashe kadan ne daga cikin membobin kungiyar ILO suka amince da duk wadannan yarjejeniyoyin saboda matsalolin cikin gida duk da haka tunda wadannan Hakkokin an yarda da su a cikin UDHR, kuma sun zama wani bangare na dokokin kasa da Kasa na al'ada suna da niyyar mutunta wadannan Hakkokin. Don tattaunawa kan sanya wadannan Hakkokin Hakkin kwadago a cikin tsarin Tradeungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya, duba ka'idodin kwadago a cikin Tradeungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya . Akwai wasu batutuwa da yawa a waje da wannan asalin, a cikin hakkin ma'aikacin Burtaniya ya hada da hakkin bayanan aiki, bayanin biyan kudi da aka tsara, tsarin horo wanda suke da 'yancin kasancewa tare da su, hutun yau da kullun, hutun hutu, hutu da aka biya da sauransu . == Batutuwan Hakkin ma'aikata == Baya ga Hakkin tsarawa, kungiyoyin kwadago sun yi kamfen a kan wasu batutuwa daban-daban wadanda za a iya cewa suna da nasaba da Hakkin ma'aikata. Kungiyoyin kwadago ta fara inganta yanayin aikin ma'aikata. Tun daga shekarar 1768 yajin aikin farko na masu telan New York masu zanga-zangar nuna adawa da rage albashi. Wanda hakan ke tasiri sosai wajen kwato hakkin ma'aikata musamman a bangaren albashi Wannan shine farkon motsi. Kusa da karni na 18, an kafa kungiyoyin kwadago don inganta yanayin aiki ga dukkan ma'aikata. ya yi yaƙi don samun mafi kyawun albashi, awanni masu dacewa da yanayin tsaro mai aminci. Theungiyar kwadago ta jagoranci ƙoƙari don dakatar da bautar da yara, ba da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya da ba da taimako ga ma'aikatan da suka ji rauni ko suka yi ritaya. Anyi bayanin masu zuwa a cikin sassan masu zuwa. === Iyakar sa'a === Yaƙin neman zaɓe na ma'aikata da yawa yana da alaƙa da iyakance sa'o'i a cikin wurin aiki. Laborungiyoyin kwadago na ƙarni na 19 sun yi kamfen na kwana takwas . Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na ma'aikata sun kuma nemi iyakance lokutan aiki, suna yin makon aiki na awanni 40 ko kuma mafi ƙarancin daidaito a ƙasashe da yawa. An kafa aiki na tsawon awanni 35 a Faransa a 2000, kodayake wannan ƙa'idar ta yi rauni sosai tun daga lokacin. Ma'aikata na iya yarda da masu daukansu aiki don aikin na tsawon, amma karin sa'o'i ne a biya ƙarin aiki bayan lokaci . A cikin [[Tarayyar Turai]] aikin mako yana da iyaka zuwa awanni 48 ''gami da'' karin lokaci (duba kuma Dokar Lokacin Aiki 2003 ). === Bautar da yara === [[File:ChildLabor1910.png|thumb| 11Rose Biodo, 1216 Annan St., Philadelphia. Shekara 10. Aiki 3 lokacin rani. Zukatan yara da ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace, peck biyu a lokaci guda. Whites Bog, Brown Mills, NJ Wannan shine sati na huɗu na makaranta kuma mutane anan suna tsammanin zasu kasance da sati biyu. Shaida EF Brown. Wuri: Browns Mills, New Jersey /.]] Masu rajin kare hakkin kwadago sun kuma yi aiki don yaki da bautar da yara . Suna ganin bautar da yara a matsayin cin amana, kuma galibi tana lalata tattalin arziki. Abokan adawar bautar da yara galibi suna jayayya cewa yara masu aiki ba su da ilimi. A cikin 1948 sannan kuma a cikin 1989, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana cewa yara suna da haƙƙin kiyaye zamantakewar jama'a. Yana da wahala yara suyi gwagwarmayar neman hakkinsu na asali, musamman a wuraren aiki. Sau da yawa ana basu kulawa. Masu ba da aiki suna amfani da aikin ƙuruciya saboda ba su da ikon yin ciniki tare kuma da yin aiki a wurin aiki mara kyau. Kusan kashi 95% na bautar yara na faruwa a ƙasashe masu tasowa . Misali na masana'antar da misalan ayyukan yara da ke haifar da mummunan rauni ko mutuwa da aka lura da su shi ne [[Hakar ma'adinai|hakar]] ma'adanin cobal a [[Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango|DRC]] da kuma haƙar ma'adinai na tagulla [[Zambiya|a Zambiya]], inda aka ba da rahoton yara suna shiga cikin kowane nau'i na hakar ma'adinai a kan kudin karatunsu. Akwai damuwa mai girma cewa karuwar buƙatu na albarkatu waɗanda suka haɗa da bautar da yara ga masana'antu kamar samar da batirin motar lantarki, zai ƙara kawai take haƙƙin ma'aikata. A [[Indiya]] da Pakistan, yara suna aiki na dogon lokaci a masana'antu daban-daban saboda bashin da iyayensu suka ci. <ref>See Tucker, supra note 7, at 573; Weissman, supra note 7, at 11 ; Human Rights Watch, supra note 15, at 2; Cox, supra note 16, at 115.</ref> Iyalai marasa galihu a wasu lokutan suna dogaro da kudin shigar 'yayan su dan biyan kudi. A Misira, kimanin yara miliyan 1.5 ‘yan kasa da shekaru 14 suna aiki duk da cewa akwai dokokin aiki na kare yara. ==== Bautar da yara a Amurka ==== A Amurka, Dokar Ka'idar Ka'idodin Aiki ta 1938 (FLSA) ta hana aikin yara kanana domin tabbatar da yancin su. FLSA ta ayyana mafi ƙarancin shekaru don aiki zuwa shekaru 14 don ayyukan da ba na aikin gona ba tare da takaita awoyi, takura awoyi ga matasa 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 16, kuma ya hana aiki da yara' yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 a cikin sana'o'in da Sakatare ke ganin haɗari na Kwadago. A shekarar 2007, Massachusetts ta sabunta dokokin kwadagon yaransu da suka bukaci duk kananan yara su sami izinin aiki. === Yanayin wurin aiki === Masu rajin kare haƙƙin ma'aikata sun yi aiki don haɓaka yanayin wurin aiki wanda ya dace da ƙa'idodin da aka kafa. A lokacin Ci gaban Zamani, Amurka ta fara sake fasalin wuraren aiki, wanda ya sami tallata talla daga Upton Sinclair 's ''The Jungle'' da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire . Masu ba da shawara game da ƙwadago da sauran ƙungiyoyi galibi suna sukar kayan aikin samarwa tare da yanayin aiki mara kyau kamar gumi da haɗarin kiwon lafiya na aiki, da kamfen don ingantaccen ayyukan kwadago da amincewa da haƙƙin ma'aikata a duk duniya domin zai taimaka wajen inganta dokar === Tsaro da dorewar zamantakewa === Abubuwan da aka gabatar na baya-bayan nan a fagen dorewa sun haɗa da mai da hankali kan ɗorewar zamantakewar, wanda ya haɗa da haɓaka haƙƙoƙin ma'aikata da kyakkyawan yanayin aiki, rigakafin fataucin mutane, da kawar da bautar da yara ba bisa ƙa'ida ba daga samfuran da aiyukan da ake samu. Kungiyoyi kamar su Ma'aikatar kwadago ta Amurka da kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka sun fitar da karatu kan kayayyakin da aka gano cewa suna amfani da ayyukan yara da masana'antu ta hanyar amfani da su ko kuma samar da su ta hanyar safarar mutane. An bayyana haƙƙin ma'aikata a ƙasashen duniya ta hanyar tushe kamar su Hukumar Kula da Jama'a ta da ƙa'idodin aikin performanceasa na Financeasa na Duniya . === Albashin rayuwa === Kungiyar kwadago ta matsa lamba don tabbatar da dokokin mafi ƙarancin albashi,Wanda hakan Kai taimaka wajen inganta albashi kuma ana ci gaba da tattaunawa game da ƙarin zuwa mafi ƙarancin albashin. Koyaya, yan adawa suna ganin mafi karancin dokokin albashi suna iyakance damar aiki ga marassa kwarewa da masu matakin shiga. Galibi ana jayayya akan fa'idodi da farashin saka hannun jari na ƙasashen waje akan haƙƙin ƙwadago. Nazarin na Payton da Woo ya nuna cewa duk da cewa "ma'aikata ba za su iya ganin an sami kari mai yawa a mafi karancin albashi ba amma za su iya samun Samar cun gajyar albashi ko kuma wasu kariyar da aka bayar a doka, a hankali a hankali za a inganta yanayin aiki gaba daya, yayin da karin FDI ke shigowa. " === Ma'aikatan ƙaura === Wasu lokuta ana cin zarafin ma'aikatan ƙaura na doka. Misali, bakin haure sun gamu da wasu zarge-zargen cin zarafi a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ( [[Dubai (birni)|gami da Dubai]] ). Kungiyar ta Human Rights Watch ta lissafa matsaloli da dama da suka hada da "rashin biyan albashi, tsawan lokutan aiki ba tare da biyan wani karin lokaci ba, yanayin aikin da ba shi da hadari da ke haifar da mutuwa da rauni, yanayin rayuwa mara kyau a sansanonin kwadago, da kuma hana fasfo da takaddun tafiye-tafiye da masu daukar ma'aikata suka yi. Duk da dokokin da suka hana hakan, masu daukar ma'aikata suna kwace fasfotin ma'aikata bakin haure. Ba tare da fasfo dinsu ba, ma'aikata ba za su iya sauya aiki ko komawa gida ba. Wadannan ma'aikata ba su da wata ma'ana don cin zarafin ma'aikata, amma yanayin ya inganta. Ministan kwadago da jin dadin jama'a Ali bin Abdullah al-Kaabi ya aiwatar da sauye-sauye da dama domin taimakawa inganta ayyukan kwadago a kasarsa. An yi Allah wadai da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa a cikin wani rahoto da Cibiyar Demokradiyya ta nuna gaskiya ta fitar a watan Afrilun 2021 yana kiran al’ummar kasar da cin zarafinsu da wariyar da suke yi wa ‘yan kasashen waje da‘ yan cirani a kan ’yan Masarautar. A cewar DCT, baƙi da baƙi a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa galibi ana fuskantar wariyar jinsi da wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fata, fataucin mutane, da tilasta musu aiki. Kamar yadda binciken da DCT ta gudanar, wadannan batutuwan ba a bayar da rahoto ba saboda barazana da tursasawa daga masu ba su aiki ta hanyar rasa aiki ko tuhumar aikata laifi. Rahoton ya nuna wariyar da cin zarafin sun ci gaba duk da an sassauta tsarin Kafala a masarautar. DCT ta kammala rahotonta inda ta bukaci UAE da ta magance matsalolin sannan ta kawo karshen matsayin launin fata da wariyar da ake nuna wa wadanda ba ‘yan kasa ba. Koelnmesse, kamfanin da ke da alhakin kula da rumfar da ke wakiltar [[Jamus]] a Expo 2020 ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da Emirati Transguard Group don wanki, tsaftacewa, da ayyukan tsaro. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun yi ikirarin cewa yayin sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tsakanin kamfanonin biyu, ba a manta da shaidun da ke tabbatar da hakkin dan Adam ba. An ce kamfanin ya hana fasfot da albashin ma’aikatan da ke karbar mafi karancin albashi sannan ya dakatar da su daga aikin ba tare da sanarwa ba. === Ma'aikatan da ba su da rajista === Hakki na daidaita daidaito, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi, asali da bayyana, [[addini]], yanayin jima'i, kuma mutane da yawa suna ganin haƙƙin ma'aikaci ne. Nuna wariyar launin fata a wurin aiki haramtacce ne a kasashe da yawa, amma wasu na ganin bambancin albashi tsakanin jinsi da sauran kungiyoyi a matsayin wata matsala ce ta ci gaba. Yawancin ma'aikata masu ƙaura basa samun haƙƙin haƙƙin ma'aikata musamman saboda ba sa jin yaren gida, ba tare da la'akari da matsayin doka ba. Wadansu sun lura cewa ba sa samun daidai adadin kudin a kan albashinsu yayin da wasu kuma ba a biyansu. ==== Ma'aikatan da ba su da izini a Amurka ==== Dokar Hulɗa da Ma’aikata ta recogniasa ta amince da leburori marasa aiki a matsayin ma’aikata. Koyaya, shari'ar babban kotun ''Hoffman Plastics Compounds, Inc. v.'' ''NLRB ya'' tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya bayar da bashin ba ga ma'aikatan da ba su da takardun doka ba bisa doka ba game da Dokar Shige da Fice da Kula da Shige da Fice ta 1986. A cikin wannan shawarar da kotu ta yanke, an kuma bayyana cewa Amurka za ta tallafawa FLSA da MSPA, ba tare da la'akari da ko an rubuta wani ba ko a'a. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan da ba su da takardun izini, suna da kariya ta doka game da nuna bambanci dangane da asalinsu. Hukuncin shari'ar babbar kotun Hoffman da farko ya shafi leburori da ba su da takardu ta hanyar hana su samun kudaden da / ko mayar da su. Duk da yake babu wani mutum da ba shi da takardu da zai iya aiki a Amurka ta hanyar doka, amma masu rubutun ba su da kaso 5% na ma'aikata. A Amurka, mutanen da aka haifa a wajen ƙasar sukan yi aiki a cikin ayyuka masu haɗari kuma suna da damar fuskantar mutuwa a bakin aiki. Ctorsananan ɓangarorin albashi, waɗanda yawancin mutane marasa aiki ke aiki a ciki, suna da mafi girman ƙimar albashi da cin zarafin sa'a. Estididdiga sunyi iƙirarin cewa 31% na mutanen da ba su da takardu suna aiki a ayyukan sabis. Aikin abinci musamman yana da kashi 12% na ma'aikata marasa rajista. Mutanen da ba su da rajista za su iya kuma sun shiga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, har ma takaddar yabo ta 2008 ta ba su "don ƙarfafa" ƙungiyar kwadago. Saboda NLRA tana kare ma’aikatan da ba su da takardu, yana kare haƙƙinsu na tsara. Koyaya NLRA tana cire ma'aikata waɗanda ke aikin gona, na gida, na kwangila masu zaman kansu, na gwamnati, ko kuma masu alaƙa da masu ɗaukar su aiki. An sake kare haƙƙin yin magana akan cin zarafin ma'aikata ta hanyar dokar sake fasalin shige da fice a cikin 2013 tare da dokar POWER, wanda ke nufin kare ma'aikatan da suka yi magana game da ayyukan kwadago daga fuskantar tsarewa ko kora. Koyaya, ƙungiyoyin kwadagon ba lallai bane su maraba da ma'aikatan baƙi. A cikin ƙungiyoyin kwadago, akwai gwagwarmayar cikin gida, kamar lokacin da masu kula da baƙi na Los Angeles suka sake tsara ma'aikatan sabis. Kasancewa cikin kungiyar kwadagon ba lallai bane ya magance dukkan bukatun ma’aikatan bakin haure, don haka samun karfi a cikin kungiyar shine matakin farko ga ma’aikatan bakin haure don magance bukatunsu. Ma'aikatan baƙi suna yawan haɗuwa fiye da ƙungiyoyi, ta hanyar yin kamfen a cikin al'ummominsu kan al'amuran da suka shafi ƙaura, wariya, da kuma rashin da'a na 'yan sanda. === Dunkulewar duniya === A watan Maris na 2004, Hukumar Kula da Yanayin Zamani ta Duniya ta ba da rahoto mai suna "Kyakkyawan Dunkulewar Duniya: Kirkirar Dama ga Kowa". Rahoton ya yarda da yadda tasirin dunkulewar duniya zai iya shafar 'yancin ma'aikata. Sake fasalin dunkulewar duniya zai bukaci hadin kai ba kawai a cikin kasar ba har ma a matakin duniya. Ya nuna cewa hukumomin siyasa su "sabunta hankalinsu ga dunkulewar duniya". Masu rajin kare haƙƙin ma'aikata sun damu da yadda dunkulewar duniya zai iya shafar haƙƙin ma'aikata a ƙasashe daban-daban. Wasu hukumomin duniya da hukumomin duniya suna ganin tilasta aiwatar da aiki zai takaita ci gaban tattalin arzikin wata kasa. Kamar yadda kamfanoni ke ba da aikinsu ga ma'aikata daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin albashi, gwamnatoci za su sassauta dokokinsu don jawo hankalin 'yan kasuwa. A sakamakon haka, kasashe matalauta suna aiwatar da ƙananan ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ma'aikata don yin gogayya da sauran ƙasashe. Binciken Layna Mosley ya nuna cewa haƙƙin haƙƙin ma'aikata ya ƙi tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa faɗaɗa duniya a kwanan nan. Ta hanyar samun ƙasashe da yawa sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi da yarjejeniyoyi, ana iya kiyaye haƙƙin ma'aikata a duk faɗin duniya. Koyaya, wasu ƙasashe suna sanya hannu akan shi duk da cewa basa shirin bin ƙa'idodin. Sabili da haka, akwai damar samun damar ayyukan haƙƙin ma'aikata don wahala. Koyaya, wasu sun yi ikirarin cewa dunkulewar duniya na iya inganta aiwatar da haƙƙin ma'aikata ta hanyar amsa buƙatun wata ƙasa. Gwamnatoci za su yi aiki don bukatun kasa, don haka a lokacin da wata muhimmiyar kasa ta kasuwanci ta bukaci a karfafa karfi da hakkin 'yan kwadago, za su yi aiki yadda ya kamata. === Nuna wariyar ma'aikata === Kungiyoyin kwadago da aka kafa a duk masana'antar. Kungiyoyin kwadago a cikin kere-kere sun gano wahalar kafa kungiyoyin kwadago a matakan kwarewa daban-daban. Wadannan rukunin kungiyoyin kwararrun sukan sami rarrabuwa ta hanyoyin wariyar launin fata da na jima'i. A cikin 1895 farar fata kawai Internationalungiyar Masana'antu ta Duniya. Shiga cikin Baƙin Amurkawa ƙarni na 20 ya ƙaura daga kudu zuwa arewa kawai don gano cewa akwai wariya a cikin damar tattalin arziki. Anyi amfani da kwatancen launin fata don rarraba ajin aiki da ƙirƙirar rarrabuwa. Wannan daga ƙarshe ya haifar da ƙirƙirar baƙin lambobi da dokokin Jim Crow don iyakance ikon Baƙin Amurkawa don ƙirƙirar wa kansu rayuwa. Dokokin Jim Crow da aka zartar a cikin shekarun 1800 sune Dokokin da suka hana Baƙin Amurkawa zama cikin fararen anguwanni, tare da keɓancewa a wuraren taron jama'a. wadannan an tilasta su don wuraren waha na jama'a, rumfunan waya, asibitoci, mafaka, gidajen yari da gidajen zama na tsofaffi da naƙasassu da ƙari. == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * [http://www.cleanclothes.org/ Gangamin Tsabtace Tufafi] * [http://www.amrc.org.hk/ Cibiyar Kula da Asiya ta Asiya] * [http://www.laborrights.org/ Rightsungiyar Rightsancin Kasashen Duniya] * [http://www.sweatfree.org/ Weungiyoyin SweatFree] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313111937/http://www.sweatfree.org/ |date=2017-03-13 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080908090822/http://hrw.org/labor/ Human Rights Watch] * [http://www.ilo.org/ Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160323111100/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/issues/worker-rights/ Shafin haƙƙin ma'aikata a Ofishin Harkokin Kodago na Duniya, Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka] * [http://www.escr-net.org Cibiyar sadarwa ta Duniya don 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu] * [https://www.ituc-csi.org/ituc-global-rights-index-2020 Bayanin 'Yancin Duniya na ITUC 2020]{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pxzohejecgl7xzypl0q1ox26xyb6nlg 0 22288 975447 566670 2026-11-03T03:52:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidauniyar''' '''CryptoRights, Inc.''' ('''CRF''') ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta 501 (c) (3) da ke [[San Francisco]]. Gidauniyar CryptoRights tana taimakawa ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin dan Adam da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu amfani da boye-boye don kare hanyoyin sadarwar su ta yanar gizo. Kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙa'idodin ɓoyewa kamar OpenPGP, IPsec da GnuPG. An kafa kungiyar ne a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1998 yayin kusufin rana gaba daya (kusa da iyakar tsibirin tsibirin Montserrat na Caribbean mai aman wuta ) a cikin kwale-kwalen da mahalarta taron International Financial Cryptography Association suka shirya akan Anguilla da Dave Del Torto da ƙungiyar gungun masana "cypherpunk" masana ilimin kimiyyar lissafi.<ref>{{cite news|first=Patrick|last=Goodenough|title='Data Haven' Offers Snooping-Free Internet Service|publisher=CNSNews.com|date=July 28, 2000|url=http://www.cnsnews.com/ViewForeignBureaus.asp?Page=/ForeignBureaus/archive/200007/For20000728c.html|accessdate=January 1, 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226132443/http://www.cnsnews.com/ViewForeignBureaus.asp?Page=%2FForeignBureaus%2Farchive%2F200007%2FFor20000728c.html|archivedate=February 26, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Encryption Backers Brace for New Threats|publisher=Associated Press|date=March 31, 2003}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Open Protocol Enabling New Universal Dividend Currencies: Open-UDC/open-udc|date=2019-08-13|url=https://github.com/Open-UDC/open-udc|publisher=OpenUDC|access-date=2019-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Fred Espenak|title=Eclipses During 1998|url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/OH/OH1998.html|website=eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|accessdate=27 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Steve|last=Kettmann|title=Hackers: Wake Up and Be Useful|publisher=Wired|date=August 13, 2001|url=https://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2001/08/46035|accessdate=December 31, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024094050/http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2001/08/46035|archive-date=October 24, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Thom|last=Stark|title=They Might Be Giants|newspaper=Boardwatch Magazine|date=December 1, 2000|pages=n.12, v.14, p.122}}</ref> Muhimman ayyukan fasaha sun hada da ci gaban HighFire (" '''H''' uman r '''igh''' ts '''Fire''' bango"), dandamalin sadarwar da aka rarraba don sadarwar masu zaman kansu na NGO (a kan PC mai karamin aiki wanda ake kira FireBox, game da girman modem na kebul), da kuma HighWire da ke da alaƙa, aikin sadarwar mara waya na yancin dan adam wanda ya zama shine budi na bude tushen bayanin Rediyon da aka ayyana Software a GnuRadio. CRF tana ba da horo na tsaro kyauta da tallafi ga 'yancin ɗan adam da ƙungiyoyin aikin jarida kan amfani da rubutun kalmomi . <ref name="Rodger-2001">Will Rodger, "Safe Haven", ''Interactive Week'', v.8, no. 28, p.30 (July 16, 2001).</ref> Aungiyar CRF kuma ta haɓaka toshe GPG don SquirrelMail . == Duba kuma == * Gidauniyar Yankin Lantarki * Cibiyar Bayanai Sirrin Lantarki == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu]] [[Category:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam]] [[Category:Rajin Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam]] [[Category:Ƴancin muhalli]] [[Category:Ƙungiyoyi]] [[Category:Ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan'adam]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b88wibf2jids4delre5u1u609eqqgg1 0 22303 975331 167889 2026-11-02T20:27:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Forum 18''' wata Norwegian kungiyar kare haƙƙi da inganta 'yancin addini . Sunan kungiyar ya samo asali ne daga Mataki na 18 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar Kare Haƙƙin Dan-Adam na Duniya]]. Ƙungiyar 18 ta taƙaita labarin kamar: * 'Yancin imani, ibada da shaida. * 'Yancin canza ra'ayin mutum ko addininsa. * Hakkin shiga tare da bayyana imanin mutum. ''Sabis na Labarai na 18'', wanda aka kafa shi ta 18 a shekara ta 2003, tsari ne na kirista na yanar gizo da kuma imel don gabatar da rahoto game da barazanar da ayyukan da ake yi wa religiousancin addini na dukkan mutane, duk abin da ya shafi addinin su, a cikin haƙiƙa, gaskiya da dacewar lokaci. Sabis din ya fi maida hankali ne kan jihohin tsohuwar [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], da suka hada da Belarus da Asiya ta Tsakiya, da Gabashin Turai, amma kuma ya buga rahotanni kan Kosovo, [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Macedonia]], Serbia, Turkey, Burma, China (gami da Xinjiang ), Laos, Mongolia, Koriya ta Arewa, da kuma Vietnam. An buga sabis na labarai a cikin bugu biyu: taƙaitaccen labaran mako-mako a kowace Juma'a; da kuma fitowar kusan kowace rana da ake bugawa a ranakun mako. Akwai rumbun tarihin bincike, gami da binciken 'yancin addini na ƙasashe da yankuna, da sharhi na kai tsaye kan al'amuran' yancin addini.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forum18.org/Forum18.php |title=About Forum 18 |publisher=Forum 18 |accessdate=4 January 2021 |archivedate=October 6, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006233142/http://www.forum18.org/forum18.php |url-status=live |df=mdy }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/civilsociety/articles/eav081605.shtml|title=Uzbekistan Draws Curtain of Secrecy Tighter|accessdate=October 24, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611190948/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/civilsociety/articles/eav081605.shtml|archive-date=June 11, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/ai_search?keywords=%22Forum+18%22&op=Search&form_id=search_theme_form&form_token=bf71dde59bdf0c7e059316410e97136b|title=Search for 'Forum 18' on www.amnesty.org|accessdate=October 24, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611184223/http://www.amnesty.org/en/ai_search?keywords=%22Forum+18%22&op=Search&form_id=search_theme_form&form_token=bf71dde59bdf0c7e059316410e97136b|archive-date=June 11, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/en/search/apachesolr_search/%22Forum+18%22|title=Search for 'Forum 18' on www.hrw.org|accessdate=October 24, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.osce.org/search/?displayMode=3&lsi=true&q=Forum+18+news+service&GO=GO|title=Search for 'Forum 18' on www.osce.org|accessdate=October 24, 2010}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.muslimnews.co.uk/news/news.php?article=14722|title=The Muslim News website|accessdate=October 24, 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110802160859/http://www.muslimnews.co.uk/news/news.php?article=14722|archivedate=August 2, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://baptist.org.ru/news/english/1840/|title=The Union of Evangelical Christian-Baptists of Russia website|accessdate=October 24, 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726060034/http://baptist.org.ru/news/english/1840/|archivedate=July 26, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bahaindex.com/en/news/human-rights/3069-central-asia-interview-with-felix-corley-religious-rights-activis|title=The Bahá'í Faith Index website|accessdate=October 24, 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707232029/http://www.bahaindex.com/en/news/human-rights/3069-central-asia-interview-with-felix-corley-religious-rights-activis|archivedate=July 7, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=3,1527,0,0,1,0|title=The Buddhist Channel website|accessdate=October 24, 2010}}</ref>) A watan Agusta na shekarar 2005 daya daga cikin kungiyar da ta [[Ɗan jarida|labarai]] da aka tsare da kuma tura da hukumomi a Tashkent filin jirgin sama a Uzbekistan,amma shi daukawa a rufe da cewa kasar. Rahotannin game da 'yancin addini daga Taron Labarai na 18 ana amfani da shi sosai ga ƙungiyoyin duniya kamar [[Amnesty International]],Human Rights Watch, da ƙungiyar Tsaro da Hadin Kai a Turai (OSCE),kuma kamar yadda yawancin rukunin labarai tare da banbancin addini (watau Musulmi,Kirista,Bahá'í,da Buddah ). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://www.forum18.org/}} [[Category:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam]] [[Category:Ƴancin muhalli]] [[Category:Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki]] [[Category:Rajin Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam]] d85u920xhe610c13dfs9bx7tg4g2jx1 0 22393 975518 805661 2026-11-03T10:17:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Voice_of_labor_1938-12-01_cover_page.jpg |thumb|Taken “Muryar Ma'aikata” a kan bangon wata jarida ta shekarar 1938]] [[File:Empleada_del_hogar_trabajadora_dom%C3%A9stica_derechos_Valladolid_2022.jpg |thumb| Haƙƙin ma'aikacin cikin gida, Valladolid 2022.]] [[File:WMBE-How to work successfully with Wikipedia.pdf|thumb|Ma'aikata]] '''Hakkokin''' '''ma'aikata''' ko haƙƙin '''ma'aikaci''' duka haƙƙoƙin doka ne da haƙƙin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|ɗan adam ɗaya]] waɗanda suka shafi alaƙar aiki tsakanin ma'aikata da ma'aikatan ta. Waɗannan haƙƙoƙin an tsara su a cikin dokar [[Kwada Joseph Ayuba|ƙwadago]] da aikin yi na ƙasa da ƙasa. Gaba ɗaya, waɗannan haƙƙoƙin suna tasiri yanayin aiki a cikin alaƙar aiki domin kashe zaman banza. Dayan shahararru shine haƙƙin yancin tarayya, in ba haka ba ana kiransa da yancin tsari. Ma'aikata da aka tsara a cikin ƙungiyoyin kwadago suna amfani da haƙƙin yarjejeniyar gama gari don inganta yanayin aiki. == Bayanin aiki == A cikin tarihi, ma'aikata masu da'awar wasu masu radin haƙƙoƙin mutane sun bada gudunmuwar su domin tabbatar da dokar aiki. Kuma a lokacin tsakiyar zamani, tawayen manoma a [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] sun kuma nuna buƙatar mafi kyawun albashi da yanayin aiki. Daya daga cikin shugabannin masu tawayen, John Ball ya shahara da jayayya cewa an haife mutane daidai yana cewa, "Lokacin da [[Adam|Adam ya yi]] tunani kuma [[Hauwa'u|Hauwa ta]] faɗi, wane ne mutumin kirki?" Ma'aikata sukan yi kira ga haƙƙin gargajiya. Alal misali, manoman Ingila sun yi yaƙi da yadi motsi, wanda ya ɗauki al'ada da zamantakewa da ƙasashe sanya su masu zaman kansu. Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya ta zartar da Dokar Masana’antu ta 1833 wacce ta nuna cewa yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 9 ba za su iya yin aiki ba, yara‘ yan shekara 9 zuwa 13 za su iya yin aikin awanni 8 ne kawai a rana, sannan yara ‘yan shekaru 14-18 za su iya yin aiki na awanni 12 kawai a rana ba tare da sun jikata ba. [[File:Work Conditions, Ingersoll Watch Company (2871179994).jpg|thumb|Rukunin wasu ma'aikata]] 'Yancin ma'aikata kwatankwacin sabon tsari ne ga tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam na zamani. Tunanin wannan lokacin game da haƙƙin ma'aikata ya kasance ne tun ƙarni na 19 bayan ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago masu bin tsarin masana'antu. [[Karl Marx]] ya fito a matsayin ɗayan farko kuma sanannen mai ba da shawara game da haƙƙin ma'aikata. Falsafar sa da ka'idar tattalin arziki ya mai da hankali kan lamuran kwadago kuma yana ba da shawarar tsarin tattalin arzikin sa na gurguzu, al'ummar da ma'aikata za su mulke ta. Yawancin motsi na zamantakewar al'umma don haƙƙin ma'aikata sun kasance suna da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin da Marx ya rinjayi kamar masu ra'ayin gurguzu da [[kwaminisanci]] yan gurguzu masu ra'ayin gurguzu da dimokiradiyya na zamantakewar al'umma sun goyi bayan bukatun ma'aikacin kuma. Kaddamar da haƙƙoƙin haƙƙin ma'aikata na kwanan nan ya mai da hankali ne ga irin rawar da ake ciki, amfani da ita, da bukatun mata mata, da kuma yawan zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar jama'a ta duniya na baƙi, sabis, ko baƙi ma'aikata. === Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO) === An kafa Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO) a shekarar ta alif 1919, a matsayin wani bangare na Kungiyar Kasashe don kare hakkin ma'aikaci. (ILO) daga baya ya zama cikin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]]. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kanta ta goyi bayan hakkokin ma'aikata ta hanyar sanya abubuwa da yawa a cikin bayanai biyu na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam]], wanda shine tushen Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'yancin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu (Labari na 6-8). Wadannan karanta: # Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya sami aiki, da yancin ya zabi aikin da yake so, kuma ya sami halin yin aiki daidai wa daida kuma ya sami kariya daga rashin aiki. # Kowane mutum, ba tare da wani bambanci ba, yana da hakkin ya sami aikin yi daidai da na aiki daidai wa daida . # Duk wanda ke aiki na da hakkin a ba shi albashi mai kyau wanda zai tabbatar wa kansa da iyalinsa wanzuwa wanda ya cancanci mutuncin ɗan adam, kuma idan ya cancanta, a ba shi damar yin hakan, ta wata hanyar ba da kariya ta zaman jama'a . # Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya kafa kungiya, ya shiga kungiyar kwadago don kiyaye bukatunsa. # Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya huta da dama, ciki har da ma ya rage mata aiki sa'o'i da kuma lokaci-lokaci holidays albashinsa . (ILO) da wasu kungiyoyi da yawa sun nemi matsayin kwadago na kasa da kasa don samar da 'yancin doka ga ma'aikata a fadin duniya. Hakanan an yi yunkuri na baya-bayan nan don karfafawa ƙasashe gwiwa don inganta haƙƙin ƙwadago a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar ciniki mai adalci. === Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Lebura sashen Duniya (ILRF) === [[File:Men at work benches in C&P telephone company, Washington, D.C. LCCN2001706158.jpg|thumb|Ma'aikatan Kamfani]] Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Ma'aikata ta Duniya (ILRF) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke aiki a kan haƙƙin ƙwadago. Manufar su ita ce cimma mutunci da adalci ga ma'aikata a duk duniya. Ta hanyar yin aiki tare da sauran kungiyoyi a duk duniya, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin addinai, suna iya yin tasiri ga gwamnatoci da kamfanoni don canji. == Matsayin ƙa'idodin aiki == Kungiyar ta (ILO) ce ta gano shi a cikin sanarwar akan Ka'idoji da Hakkoki na Aiki, babban matsayin kwadago "an yarda da cewa yana da matukar muhimmanci". <ref>Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 1996 'Trade, Employment and Labour Standards: A Study of Core Workers' Rights and International Trade'</ref> Suna aiki a duk duniya, ba tare da la'akari da ko an amince da yarjejeniyoyin da suka dace ba, matakin cigaban ƙasa ko ƙimar al'adu. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun haɗu da ƙimar cancanta, ba ƙididdiga masu yawa ba kuma ba su kafa takamaiman matakin aiki, albashi ko ƙa'idodin lafiya da aminci. abinda ba'a so shine lalata damar yancin aiki na dan Adam a duniya domin hakan aka sako wata cibiya a ƙasashe masu haƙƙin ɗan Adam da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da Yarjejeniyar kan 'yancin ɗan Adam ta (CROC), yarjejeniya mafi ƙarancin haƙƙin ɗan Adam tare da ɓangarorin 193, da kuma (ICCPR) tare da jam'iyyun 160. An saka su cikin tanade-tanade daban-daban waɗanda suke da alaƙa da aiki a cikin kayan aiki masu laushi kamar UN ''Compact Global'', da (OECD) ''Guidelines'', da kuma (ILO MNE) ''Declaration''. Manufofin kwadago sune: * '''Yancin ƙungiya''': <ref>ICCPR Art.22, ILO Convention 87</ref> ma'aikata suna iya shiga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago waɗanda ba su da 'yanci daga tasirin gwamnati da tasirin ma'aikata; * '''<nowiki/>'Yancin cinikin gama gari:''' <ref>ICCPR Art.22, ILO Convention 98</ref> ma'aikata na iya yin shawarwari tare da ma'aikata a dunkule, sabanin daidaiku; * '''Haramcin dukkan nau'ikan aikin karfi:''' <ref>ICCPR Art. 8, ILO Conventions 29 and 105</ref> ya hada da tsaro daga aikin gidan yari da bautar, da kuma hana ma'aikata tilasta musu yin aiki cikin tilas; * '''Kawar da munanan ayyukan kwadago:''' <ref>CROC Art. 32 ILO Convention 138</ref> aiwatar da mafi karancin shekarun aiki da wasu sharuɗɗan yanayin aiki ga yara; * '''Rashin nuna wariya a aikin yi:''' daidaiton albashi don aikin daidai . A kasashe kaɗan ne daga cikin membobin ƙungiyar (ILO) suka amince da duk waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin saboda matsalolin cikin gida duk da haka tunda waɗannan haƙƙoƙin an yarda da su a cikin (UDHR), kuma sun zama wani ɓangare na dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa na al'ada suna da niyyar mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin. Don tattaunawa kan sanya waɗannan haƙƙoƙin haƙƙin ƙwadago a cikin tsarin kungiyar Ciniki ta duniya, duba ƙa'idodin ƙwadago a cikin kungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya . Akwai wasu batutuwa da yawa a waje da wannan asalin, a cikin haƙƙin ma'aikacin Burtaniya ya haɗa da haƙƙin bayanan aiki, bayanin biyan kuɗi da aka tsara, tsarin horo wanda suke da 'yancin kasancewa tare da su, hutun yau da kullum, hutun hutu, hutu da aka biya da sauransu . == Batutuwan haƙƙin ma'aikata == Baya ga haƙƙin tsarawa, ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago sun yi kamfen a kan wasu batutuwa daban-daban waɗanda za a iya cewa suna da nasaba da haƙƙin ma'aikata. Kungiyoyin kwadago sun fara inganta yanayin aikin ma'aikata. Tun daga shekarar 1768 yajin aikin farko a New York masu zanga-zangar nuna adawa da rage albashi. Wanda hakan ke tasiri sosai wajen kwato hakkin ma'aikata musamman a bangaren albashi Wannan shine farkon motsi. Kusa da karni na 18, an kafa kungiyoyin kwadago don inganta yanayin aiki ga dukkan ma'aikata. ya yi yaƙi don samun mafi kyawun albashi, awanni masu dacewa da yanayin tsaro mai aminci. Kungiyar kwadago ta jagoranci ƙoƙari don dakatar da bautar da yara, ba da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya da ba da taimako ga ma'aikatan da suka ji rauni ko suka yi ritaya. Anyi bayanin masu zuwa a cikin sassan masu zuwa. === Iyakance sa'o'i === Yaƙin neman zaɓe na ma'aikata da yawa yana da alaƙa da iyakance sa'o'i a cikin wurin aiki. Kungiyoyin kwadago na ƙarni na 19 sun yi kamfen na kwana takwas . Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na ma'aikata sun kuma nemi iyakance lokutan aiki, suna yin makon aiki na awanni 40 ko kuma mafi ƙarancin daidaito a ƙasashe da yawa. An kafa aiki na tsawon awanni 35 a Faransa a 2000, ko da yake wannan ƙa'idar ta yi rauni sosai tun daga lokacin. Ma'aikata na iya yarda da masu daukansu aiki don aikin na tsawon, amma karin sa'o'i ne a biya ƙarin aiki bayan lokaci. A cikin [[Tarayyar Turai]] aikin mako yana da iyaka zuwa awanni 48 ''gami da'' karin lokaci (duba kuma Dokar Lokacin Aiki 2003). === Bautar da yara === [[File:ChildLabor1910.png|thumb| 11Rose Biodo, 1216 Annan St., Philadelphia. Shekara 10. Aiki 3 lokacin rani. Zukatan yara da ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace, peck biyu a lokaci guda. Whites Bog, Brown Mills, NJ Wannan shine sati na huɗu na makaranta kuma mutane anan suna tsammanin zasu kasance da sati biyu. Shaida EF Brown. Wuri: Browns Mills, New Jersey /.]] Masu rajin kare hakkin kwadago sun kuma yi aiki don yaki da bautar da yara . Suna ganin bautar da yara a matsayin cin amana, kuma galibi tana lalata tattalin arziki. Abokan adawar bautar da yara galibi suna jayayya cewa yara masu aiki ba su da ilimi. A cikin 1948 sannan kuma a cikin 1989, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana cewa yara suna da haƙƙin kiyaye zamantakewar jama'a. Yana da wahala yara suyi gwagwarmayar neman hakkinsu na asali, musamman a wuraren aiki. Sau da yawa ana basu kulawa. Masu ba da aiki suna amfani da aikin ƙuruciya saboda ba su da ikon yin ciniki tare kuma da yin aiki a wurin aiki mara kyau. Kusan kashi 95% na bautar yara na faruwa a ƙasashe masu tasowa. Misali na masana'antar da misalan ayyukan yara da ke haifar da mummunan rauni ko mutuwa da aka lura da su shi ne [[Hakar ma'adinai|hakar]] ma'adanin ''cobal'' a [[Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango|DRC]] da kuma haƙar ma'adinai na tagulla [[Zambiya|a Zambiya]], inda aka ba da rahoton yara suna shiga cikin kowane nau'i na hakar ma'adinai a kan kudin karatunsu. Akwai damuwa mai girma cewa karuwar buƙatu na albarkatu waɗanda suka haɗa da bautar da yara ga masana'antu kamar samar da batirin motar lantarki, zai ƙara kawo take haƙƙin ma'aikata. A [[Indiya]] da Pakistan, yara suna aiki na dogon lokaci a masana'antu daban-daban saboda bashin da iyayensu suka ci. <ref>See Tucker, supra note 7, at 573; Weissman, supra note 7, at 11 ; Human Rights Watch, supra note 15, at 2; Cox, supra note 16, at 115.</ref> Iyalai marasa galibu a wasu lokutan suna dogaro da kudin shigar 'yayan su dan biyan kudi. A Misira, kimanin yara miliyan 1.5 ‘yan kasa da shekaru 14 suna aiki duk da cewa akwai dokokin aiki na kare yara. ==== Bautar da yara a Amurka ==== A Amurka, Dokar Ka'idar Ka'idodin Aiki ta 1938 (FLSA) ta hana aikin yara kanana domin tabbatar da yancin su. (FLSA) ta ayyana mafi ƙarancin shekaru don aiki zuwa shekaru 14 don ayyukan da ba na aikin gona ba tare da takaita awoyi, takura awoyi ga matasa 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 16, kuma ya hana aiki da yara yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 a cikin sana'o'in da Sakatare ke ganin haɗari na Kwadago. A shekarar 2007, Massachusetts ta sabunta dokokin kwadagon yaransu da suka bukaci duk kananan yara su sami izinin aiki. === Yanayin wurin aiki === Masu rajin kare haƙƙin ma'aikata sun yi aiki don haɓaka yanayin wurin aiki wanda ya dace da ƙa'idodin da aka kafa. A lokacin Cigaban Zamani, Amurka ta fara sake fasalin wuraren aiki, wanda ya sami tallata talla daga Upton Sinclair 's ''The Jungle'' da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar 1911 ''Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire.'' Masu ba da shawara game da ƙwadago da sauran ƙungiyoyi galibi suna sukar kayan aikin samarwa tare da yanayin aiki mara kyau kamar gumi da haɗarin kiwon lafiya na aiki, da kamfen don ingantaccen ayyukan kwadago da amincewa da haƙƙin ma'aikata a duk duniya domin zai taimaka wajen inganta dokar === Tsaro da dorewar zamantakewa === Abubuwan da aka gabatar na baya-bayan nan a fagen dorewa sun haɗa da mai da hankali kan ɗorewar zamantakewar, wanda ya haɗa da haɓaka haƙƙoƙin ma'aikata da kyakkyawan yanayin aiki, rigakafin fataucin mutane, da kawar da bautar da yara ba bisa ƙa'ida ba daga samfuran da aiyukan da ake samu. Kungiyoyi kamar su ma'aikatar kwadago ta Amurka da kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka sun fitar da karatu kan kayayyakin da aka gano cewa suna amfani da ayyukan yara da masana'antu ta hanyar amfani da su ko kuma samar da su ta hanyar safarar mutane. An bayyana haƙƙin ma'aikata a ƙasashen duniya ta hanyar tushe kamar su Hukumar Kula da Jama'a ta da ƙa'idodin aikin ''performanceasa na Financeasa'' na Duniya . === Albashin rayuwa === Kungiyar kwadago ta matsa lamba don tabbatar da dokokin mafi ƙarancin albashi, wanda hakan Kai taimaka wajen inganta kuma ana cigaba da tattaunawa game da ƙarin zuwa mafi ƙarancin albashin. Ko yaya, yan adawa suna ganin mafi karancin dokokin albashi suna iyakance damar aiki ga marassa kwarewa da masu matakin shiga. Galibi ana jayayya akan fa'idodi da farashin saka hannun jari na ƙasashen waje akan haƙƙin ƙwadago. Nazarin na Payton da Woo ya nuna cewa duk da cewa "ma'aikata ba za su iya ganin an sami kari mai yawa a mafi karancin albashi ba amma za su iya samun damar cin gajyar albashi ko kuma wasu kariyar da aka bayar a doka, a hankali a hankali za a inganta yanayin aiki gaba daya, yayin da karin (FDI) ke shigowa. " === Ma'aikatan ƙaura === Wasu lokuta ana cin zarafin ma'aikatan ƙaura na doka. Misali, bakin haure sun gamu da wasu zarge-zargen cin zarafi a hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ( [[Dubai (birni)|gami da Dubai]] ). Kungiyar ta ''Human Rights Watch'' ta lissafa matsaloli da dama da suka hada da "rashin biyan albashi, tsawan lokutan aiki ba tare da biyan wani karin lokaci ba, yanayin aikin da ba shi da hadari da ke haifar da mutuwa da rauni, yanayin rayuwa mara kyau a sansanonin kwadago, da kuma hana fasfo da takaddun tafiye-tafiye da masu daukar ma'aikata suka yi. Duk da dokokin da suka hana hakan, masu daukar ma'aikata suna kwace fasfotin ma'aikata bakin haure. Ba tare da fasfo dinsu ba, ma'aikata ba za su iya sauya aiki ko komawa gida ba. Wadannan ma'aikata ba su da wata ma'ana don cin zarafin ma'aikata, amma yanayin ya inganta. Ministan kwadago da jin dadin jama'a Ali bin Abdullah al-Kaabi ya aiwatar da sauye-sauye da dama domin taimakawa inganta ayyukan kwadago a kasarsa. An yi Allah wadai da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa a cikin wani rahoto da Cibiyar Demokradiyya ta nuna gaskiya ta fitar a watan Afrilun 2021 yana kiran al’ummar kasar da cin zarafinsu da wariyar da suke yi wa ‘yan kasashen waje da‘ yan cirani a kan ’yan Masarautar. A cewar (DCT), baƙi da baƙi a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa galibi ana fuskantar wariyar jinsi da wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fata, fataucin mutane, da tilasta musu aiki. Kamar yadda binciken da (DCT) ta gudanar, wadannan batutuwan ba a bayar da rahoto ba saboda barazana da tursasawa daga masu ba su aiki ta hanyar rasa aiki ko tuhumar aikata laifi. Rahoton ya nuna wariyar da cin zarafin sun ci gaba duk da an sassauta tsarin Kafala a masarautar. (DCT) ta kammala rahotonta inda ta bukaci (UAE) da ta magance matsalolin sannan ta kawo karshen matsayin launin fata da wariyar da ake nuna wa wadanda ba ‘yan kasa ba. ''Koelnmesse'', kamfanin da ke da alhakin kula da rumfar da ke wakiltar [[Jamus]] a ''Expo 2020'' ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da ''Emirati Transguard Group'' don wanki, tsaftacewa, da ayyukan tsaro. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan Adam sun yi ikirarin cewa yayin sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tsakanin kamfanonin biyu, ba a manta da shaidun da ke tabbatar da hakkin dan Adam ba. An ce kamfanin ya hana fasfot da albashin ma’aikatan da ke karbar mafi karancin albashi sannan ya dakatar da su daga aikin ba tare da sanarwa ba. === Ma'aikatan da ba su da rajista === Hakki na daidaita daidaito, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi, asali da bayyana, [[addini]], yanayin [[jima]]'i, kuma mutane da yawa suna ganin haƙƙin ma'aikaci ne. Nuna wariyar launin fata a wurin aiki haramtacce ne a kasashe da yawa, amma wasu na ganin bambancin albashi tsakanin jinsi da sauran kungiyoyi a matsayin wata matsala ce ta cigaba. Yawancin ma'aikata masu ƙaura basa samun haƙƙin ma'aikata musamman saboda ba sa jin yaren gida, ba tare da la'akari da matsayin doka ba. Wadansu sun lura cewa ba sa samun daidai adadin kudin a kan albashinsu yayin da wasu kuma ba a biyansu. ==== Ma'aikatan da ba su da izini a Amurka ==== Dokar Hulɗa da Ma’aikata ta kasa ta amince da leburori marasa aiki a matsayin ma’aikata. Ko yaya, shari'ar babban kotun ''Hoffman Plastics Compounds, Inc. v.'' ''NLRB ya'' tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya bayar da bashin ba ga ma'aikatan da ba su da takardun doka ba bisa doka ba game da Dokar Shige da Fice da Kula da Shige da Fice ta 1986. A cikin wannan shawarar da kotu ta yanke, an kuma bayyana cewa Amurka za ta tallafawa (FLSA) da (MSPA), ba tare da la'akari da ko an rubuta wani ba ko a'a. Har ila yau, ma'aikatan da ba su da takardun izini, suna da kariya ta doka game da nuna bambanci dangane da asalinsu. Hukuncin shari'ar babbar kotun Hoffman da farko ya shafi leburori da ba su da takardu ta hanyar hana su samun kudaden da/ko mayar da su. Duk da yake babu wani mutum da ba shi da takardu da zai iya aiki a Amurka ta hanyar doka, amma masu rubutun ba su da kaso 5% na ma'aikata. A Amurka, mutanen da aka haifa a wajen ƙasar sukan yi aiki a cikin ayyuka masu haɗari kuma suna da damar fuskantar mutuwa a bakin aiki. Sassan ɓangarorin albashi, waɗanda yawancin mutane marasa aiki ke aiki a ciki, suna da mafi girman ƙimar albashi da cin zarafin sa'a. Kididdiga sunyi iƙirarin cewa 31% na mutanen da ba su da takardu suna aiki a ayyukan sabis. Aikin abinci musamman yana da kashi 12% na ma'aikata marasa rajista. Mutanen da ba su da rajista za su iya kuma sun shiga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, har ma takaddar yabo ta 2008 ta ba su "don ƙarfafa" ƙungiyar kwadago. Saboda (NLRA) tana kare ma’aikatan da ba su da takardu, yana kare haƙƙinsu na tsaro. Ko yaya (NLRA) tana cire ma'aikata waɗanda ke aikin gona, na gida, na kwangila masu zaman kansu, na gwamnati, ko kuma masu alaƙa da masu ɗaukar su aiki. An sake kare haƙƙin yin magana akan cin zarafin ma'aikata ta hanyar dokar sake fasalin shige da fice a cikin 2013 tare da dokar POWER, wanda ke nufin kare ma'aikatan da suka yi magana game da ayyukan kwadago daga fuskantar tsarewa ko kora. Koyaya, ƙungiyoyin kwadagon ba lallai bane su maraba da ma'aikatan baƙi. A cikin ƙungiyoyin kwadago, akwai gwagwarmayar cikin gida, kamar lokacin da masu kula da baƙi na Los Angeles suka sake tsara ma'aikatan sabis. Kasancewa cikin kungiyar kwadagon ba lallai bane ya magance dukkan bukatun ma’aikatan bakin haure, don haka samun karfi a cikin kungiyar shine matakin farko ga ma’aikatan bakin haure don magance bukatunsu. Ma'aikatan baƙi suna yawan haɗuwa fiye da ƙungiyoyi, ta hanyar yin kamfen a cikin al'ummominsu kan al'amuran da suka shafi ƙaura, wariya, da kuma rashin da'a na 'yan sanda. === Dunkulewar duniya === A watan Maris na 2004, Hukumar Kula da Yanayin Zamani ta Duniya ta ba da rahoto mai suna "Kyakkyawan Dunkulewar Duniya: Kirkirar dama ga kowa". Rahoton ya yarda da yadda tasirin dunkulewar duniya zai iya shafar 'yancin ma'aikata. Sake fasalin dunkulewar duniya zai bukaci hadin kai ba kawai a cikin kasar ba har ma a matakin duniya. Ya nuna cewa hukumomin siyasa su "sabunta hankalinsu ga dunkulewar duniya". Masu rajin kare haƙƙin ma'aikata sun damu da yadda dunkulewar duniya zai iya shafar haƙƙin ma'aikata a ƙasashe daban-daban. Wasu hukumomin duniya suna ganin tilasta aiwatar da aiki zai takaita cigaban tattalin arzikin wata kasa. Kamar yadda kamfanoni ke ba da aikinsu ga ma'aikata daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin albashi, gwamnatoci za su sassauta dokokinsu don jawo hankalin 'yan kasuwa. A sakamakon haka, kasashe matalauta suna aiwatar da ƙananan ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ma'aikata don yin gogayya da sauran ƙasashe. Binciken Layna Mosley ya nuna cewa haƙƙin haƙƙin ma'aikata ya ƙi tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa duniya a kwanan nan. Ta hanyar samun ƙasashe da yawa sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da yarjejeniyoyi, ana iya kiyaye haƙƙin ma'aikata a duk faɗin duniya. Ko yaya, wasu ƙasashe suna sanya hannu akan shi duk da cewa basa shirin bin ƙa'idodin. Sabili da haka, akwai damar samun damar ayyukan haƙƙin ma'aikata don wahala. Ko yaya, wasu sun yi ikirarin cewa dunkulewar duniya na iya inganta aiwatar da haƙƙin ma'aikata ta hanyar amsa buƙatun wata ƙasa. Gwamnatoci za su yi aiki don bukatun kasa, don haka a lokacin da wata muhimmiyar kasa ta kasuwanci ta bukaci a karfafa karfi da hakkin 'yan kwadago, za su yi aiki yadda ya kamata. === Nuna wariyar ma'aikata === Kungiyoyin kwadago da aka kafa a duk masana'antar. Kungiyoyin kwadago a cikin kere-kere sun gano wahalar kafa kungiyoyin kwadago a matakan kwarewa daban-daban. Wadannan rukunin kungiyoyin kwararrun sukan sami rarrabuwa ta hanyoyin wariyar launin fata da na jima'i. A cikin 1895 farar fata kawai kungiyar Masana'antu ta Duniya. Shiga cikin Baƙin Amurkawa ƙarni na 20 ya ƙaura daga kudu zuwa arewa kawai don gano cewa akwai wariya a cikin damar tattalin arziki. Anyi amfani da kwatancen launin fata don rarraba ajin aiki da ƙirƙirar rarrabuwa. Wannan daga ƙarshe ya haifar da ƙirƙirar baƙin lambobi da dokokin (Jim Crow) don iyakance ikon Baƙin Amurkawa don ƙirƙirar wa kansu rayuwa. Dokokin (Jim Crow) da aka zartar a cikin shekarun 1800 sune Dokokin da suka hana Baƙin Amurkawa zama cikin fararen anguwanni, tare da keɓancewa a wuraren taron jama'a. wadannan an tilasta su don wuraren waha na jama'a, rumfunan waya, asibitoci, mafaka, gidajen yari da gidajen zama na tsofaffi da naƙasassu da ƙari. == Duba kuma == == Bayani ==   == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.cleanclothes.org/ Gangamin Tsabtace Tufafi] * [http://www.amrc.org.hk/ Cibiyar Kula da Asiya ta Asiya] * [http://www.laborrights.org/ Rightsungiyar Rightsancin Kasashen Duniya] * [http://www.sweatfree.org/ Weungiyoyin SweatFree] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313111937/http://www.sweatfree.org/ |date=2017-03-13 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080908090822/http://hrw.org/labor/ Human Rights Watch] * [http://www.ilo.org/ Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160323111100/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/issues/worker-rights/ Shafin haƙƙin ma'aikata a Ofishin Harkokin Kodago na Duniya, Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka] * [http://www.escr-net.org Cibiyar sadarwa ta Duniya don 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu] * [https://www.ituc-csi.org/ituc-global-rights-index-2020 Bayanin 'Yancin Duniya na ITUC 2020]{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 3wp8efrz8an3mq0lyxv9cyzbgeb5yhw 0 22627 975438 952327 2026-11-03T03:37:52Z Ibn baaz 28481 975438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a makwo.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan ka iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gado ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar hunhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda hunhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarn ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Misra]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun hada da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tari.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke taso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai ciwoce-ciwoce da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} 5r2iyldb77j4xdzltgsa7twfg7a7gyd 975439 975438 2026-11-03T03:38:59Z Ibn baaz 28481 975439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a mako.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan ka iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gado ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar hunhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda hunhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarn ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Misra]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun hada da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tari.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke taso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai ciwoce-ciwoce da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} 00rqtuarddjv114ac4jzyf8zx0adqut 975440 975439 2026-11-03T03:41:45Z Ibn baaz 28481 975440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan ka iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gado ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar hunhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda hunhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarn ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Misra]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun hada da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tari.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke taso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai ciwoce-ciwoce da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} fcsqmo99q6s94ejcvrcz9qk61hiw7f2 975441 975440 2026-11-03T03:42:20Z Ibn baaz 28481 975441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gado ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar hunhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda hunhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarn ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Misra]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun hada da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tari.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke taso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai ciwoce-ciwoce da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} cscmwpjde88n4z9fauxd954a7y40zww 975442 975441 2026-11-03T03:43:20Z Ibn baaz 28481 975442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar hunhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda hunhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarn ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Misra]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun hada da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tari.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke taso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai ciwoce-ciwoce da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} iumj21kw9hym3tz7kdmvi81r2ub5blb 975443 975442 2026-11-03T03:44:22Z Ibn baaz 28481 975443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda hunhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarn ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Misra]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun hada da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tari.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke taso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai ciwoce-ciwoce da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} 5zldsyoptxui7qipechae95r5c0r4nl 975444 975443 2026-11-03T03:45:54Z Ibn baaz 28481 975444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarn ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Misra]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun hada da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tari.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke taso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai ciwoce-ciwoce da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} mz6zp5lg3j0i6z4ez3hlwiavtqlqx6s 975445 975444 2026-11-03T03:47:24Z Ibn baaz 28481 975445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Misra]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun hada da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tari.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke taso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai ciwoce-ciwoce da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} 89pq9canube2y4ir7zrvqn2tuj740od 975446 975445 2026-11-03T03:50:36Z Ibn baaz 28481 975446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun hada da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tari.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke taso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai ciwoce-ciwoce da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} i1boizri7zc12jqrw745kjedujl7fhh 975449 975446 2026-11-03T04:02:49Z Ibn baaz 28481 975449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tari.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke taso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai ciwoce-ciwoce da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} 8xw50b4bj3tqmvajbcnrd6igf99sjvj 975450 975449 2026-11-03T04:06:06Z Ibn baaz 28481 975450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai ciwoce-ciwoce da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} fjf1806518t9tesp8v6uw1vgs068kvu 975451 975450 2026-11-03T04:07:05Z Ibn baaz 28481 975451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} ov2cgog1qg9mpa21ruqupun7rvn1gc4 975452 975451 2026-11-03T04:15:30Z Ibn baaz 28481 975452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan ciwuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} l2itbb0bjttxo79rm3lngtmhof2b48d 975471 975452 2026-11-03T06:37:41Z Ibn baaz 28481 975471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan cututtuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gado.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} aqjlxcyn7bau52bzt4vwuioaokd8ku7 975472 975471 2026-11-03T06:44:08Z Ibn baaz 28481 975472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan cututtuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gādo.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gado, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} jnl6481osotbi1tcufivmmqraavdgad 975473 975472 2026-11-03T06:46:02Z Ibn baaz 28481 975473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan cututtuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gādo.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gādo, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai ciki ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} j3blidtvq5mn03qwuv1x30msj9zew5k 975475 975473 2026-11-03T06:48:44Z Ibn baaz 28481 975475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan cututtuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gādo.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gādo, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai juna biyu ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a America suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} pecmfe79phjs2g8yuqybojvz9s0alk2 975476 975475 2026-11-03T06:50:07Z Ibn baaz 28481 975476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan cututtuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gādo.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gādo, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai juna biyu ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a Amurka suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} mmt9pxsohazklhwm0v92vou2gt7q8xw 975477 975476 2026-11-03T06:50:31Z Ibn baaz 28481 975477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan cututtuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gādo.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gādo, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai juna biyu ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a [[Amurka]] suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cudanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun hada da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cudanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} ra5p0z8z77bfhlriartwnzak979fwmz 975479 975477 2026-11-03T06:56:02Z Ibn baaz 28481 975479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan cututtuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gādo.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gādo, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai juna biyu ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a [[Amurka]] suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cuɗanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun haa da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cuanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} 3jkxfiba0fqt8ozuxglln6j2quhs4rq 975480 975479 2026-11-03T06:56:25Z Ibn baaz 28481 975480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan cututtuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gādo.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gādo, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai juna biyu ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a [[Amurka]] suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cuɗanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun haɗa da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaduwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cuanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} slq6ml5w4ltlooboxlktu1rj27yrweh 975481 975480 2026-11-03T06:57:19Z Ibn baaz 28481 975481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan cututtuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gādo.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gādo, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai juna biyu ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a [[Amurka]] suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cuɗanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun haɗa da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaɗuwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cuanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} fd06k3lr025a947zcl0tt2hi7xxmr24 975482 975481 2026-11-03T06:58:00Z Ibn baaz 28481 975482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan cututtuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gādo.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gādo, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai juna biyu ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a [[Amurka]] suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cuɗanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun haɗa da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaɗuwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cuɗanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cudanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} drwawwqn3j83137xxu03noz9ota3z94 975484 975482 2026-11-03T06:59:12Z Ibn baaz 28481 975484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{stub}} [[Fayil:Asthma attack.PNG|thumb|Hutun Cutar Asthma]] [[File:Peak_flow_meter_horiz.jpg |thumb| Peek flow meter]] '''Cutar Asma''' ([[Turanci]]: ''tuberculosis, asthma'') wata cuta ce na kumburewar hanyoyin iska a [[Huhu|huhu.]]<ref name="lancetasthma">{{cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/gbd/summaries/diseases/asthma.pdf|title=Asthma–Level 3 cause|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|date=October 2020|pages=S108–S109}}</ref> Ana iya Kuma ganeta ta hanyar alamomi daban daban, sashhekar numfashi, da kuma shakewar hanyoyin iska. ''Bronchospasm.''<ref name="NHLBI07p11-12">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=11–12}}</ref><ref name="GINA_2011_page20,51">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=20,51}}</ref> Alamomin cutar sun hada da sauti yayin numfashi, tari, tsukewa ko takurewar kirji, da kuma karancin iska yayin [[Numfashi|numfashi.]]<ref name=":0">Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). ''Goldman-Cecil Medicine''. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN <bdi>978-0-323-55087-1</bdi>.</ref> Wadannan alamomi kan iya faruwa na wasu 'yan lokuta a rana, ko kuma na tsawon lokuta a māko.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Dangane da mara [[Lafia|lafiya]], alamomin cutan kan iya tsananta da dare ko kuma yayin motsa jini.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Anyi ittifaki cewa cutar asthma na wanzuwa ta hanyar gādo ko kuma yanayin muhalli.<ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyin kamuwa da cutan ta hanyar [[yanayin muhalli]] sun haɗa da yawan shakar gurbatacciyar iska, ko kuma ''allergens'' - wato rashin lafiyar ci ko taba wani abu.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke janyo wannan cuta sun hada da magunguna irinsu [[aspirin]] da kuma ''Beta Blockers.'' Ana iya gano asalin cutar ta hanyar nazarin alamominta, aunawa ta hanyar ''theraphy'' na tsawon lokaci'','' da kuma gwajin lafiyar huhu.<ref>Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". ''The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology''. '''125''' (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. <nowiki>PMID 20176271</nowiki>.</ref> Ana iya rarraba asthma dangane da yanayin yawaituwar alamominta, ''Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)'' ko kuma kololuwar yanayin fitar da iska.<ref name="Yawn2008">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yawn BP|title=Factors accounting for asthma variability: achieving optimal symptom control for individual patients|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=17|issue=3|pages=138–147|date=September 2008|pmid=18264646|pmc=6619889|doi=10.3132/pcrj.2008.00004|url=http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102723/http://www.thepcrj.org/journ/vol17/17_3_138_147.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> Ana kuma iya kasafta ta da ''atopic'' ko kuma ''non-atopic.'' Har yanzu, babu wata sananniyar maganin asthma, amma za'a iya sarrafa ta.<ref>"Asthma Fact sheet №307". ''WHO''. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2016.</ref> Ana iya rage faruwar alamominta ta hanyar kaucewa abubuwan da suke assasa ta kamar, allergins da kuma abubuwan shaka wanda huhun mai ita bai so, da kuma koreta ta hanyar shakar abun karin numfashi mai dauke da sinadaran ''corticosteroids''. Ana iya amfani da ''Long-acting beta agonists(LABA)'' ko kuma sinadarin ''antileukotriene agents'' tare da abun shaka idan an kasa sarrafa alamomin.<ref name="GINA_2011_page33">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=33}}</ref><ref name="Antileukotriene agents">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scott JP, Peters-Golden M|title=Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2013-09-01_188_5/page/538|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=188|issue=5|pages=538–44|date=September 2013|pmid=23822826|doi=10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP}}</ref> Ana iya magance alamomin da suka munana acikin sauri ta hanyar shakar magunguna irinsu ''salbutamol'' da ''corticosteroids'' ta baki.<ref name="NHLBI07p214">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=214}}</ref> A yayin da alamomi suka munana sosai, ana iya amfani da intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate da kuma kwanciya a asibitin don magani.<ref name="NHLBI07p373">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|pp=373–75}}</ref> A shekara ta 2019, asthma ta kama akalla mutum miliyan 262, kuma ta janyo mutuwar mutum dubu 461,000.<ref>"Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). ''The Lancet''. '''396''': S108–S109. October 2020.</ref> Mafi akasarin mace-macen sun faru ne a kasashe masu tasowa.<ref name="lancetasthma" /> Cutar asthma kan fara ne tun mutum yana yaro, sannan tsarin na kara gaba tun daga 1960s.<ref name="Ana2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A|title=Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies|journal=Allergy|volume=65|issue=2|pages=152–67|date=February 2010|pmid=19912154|doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x|s2cid=19525219|doi-access=free}}</ref> An fara gano cutar asthma ne tun daga zamanin [[Tsohuwar Masar]].<ref name="Manniche1999">{{cite book|vauthors=Manniche L|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Kalmar asthma ta samo asaline daga harshen Girka ἆσθμα, <nowiki>''</nowiki>âsthma,<nowiki>''</nowiki> wanda ke nufin sheshheka.<ref name="M38">{{cite book|vauthors=Murray JF|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0002unse|veditors=Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref> == Alamominta == Alamomin cutar asthma sun haɗa da yawan shakewar numfashi, daukewar numfashi, cunkushewar kirji, da kuma tāri.<ref name="GINA2011p2">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=2–5}}</ref> [[Majina]] na iya fitowa dalilin yawan tari mai tsawo. Alamominta kanyi tsanani da daddare, ko kuma da sassafe ko kuma a dalilin motsa jiki ko sanyi.<ref name="bts2009p14">{{harvnb|British Guideline|2009|p=14}}</ref> Kadan daga cikin masu dauke da cutar asthma ne basu fuskantar wadannan alamomin, sai dai idan sun hadu da abubuwan da ke tāso ciwon, a yayinda wasu kuwa nan da nan suke kamuwa da ita tare da alamomi masu tsanani.<ref name="GINA2011_p8-9">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|pp=8–9}}</ref> == Sauran matsaloli == Akwai cututuka da dama da ke faruwa ga masu dauke da ciwon asthma, irinsu ''gastroesophageal reflux disease'' {GERD}, [[rhinosinusitis]], da kuma [[daukewar numfashi a yayin bacci (apnea)]].<ref name="Boulet2009">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP|title=Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2009-04_33_4/page/897|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=897–906|date=April 2009|pmid=19336592|doi=10.1183/09031936.00121308|doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau ana yawan samun matsalolin tunani,<ref name="Boulay2011">{{cite journal|vauthors=Boulet LP, Boulay MÈ|title=Asthma-related comorbidities|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=377–393|date=June 2011|pmid=21702660|doi=10.1586/ers.11.34|doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma [[matsalolin natsuwa]] wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 52% da kuma [[matsalolin kunci]] a kashi 14–41%.<ref name="Andrew2010">{{cite book|veditors=Harver A, Kotses H|title=Asthma, Health and Society: A Public Health Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-78285-0|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkP8_h_ewLMC&pg=PA315|access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Har yanzu ba'a gama tantacewa ba ko dai asthma ce ke kawo matsaloli na kwakwalwa ko kuma matsaloli na kwakwalwa ne ke kawo cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas M, Bruton A, Moffat M, Cleland J|title=Asthma and psychological dysfunction|journal=Primary Care Respiratory Journal|volume=20|issue=3|pages=250–256|date=September 2011|pmid=21674122|pmc=6549858|doi=10.4104/pcrj.2011.00058}}</ref> Cutar asthma irin na zamanin nan, amma banda na zamunan baya suna da alaka da yawan janyo mutuwa, mutuwa ta hanyar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mutuwa ta hanyar munanan cututtuka na hanyoyin numfashi.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=He X, Cheng G, He L, Liao B, Du Y, Xie X, Zhang S, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang Y|display-authors=6|title=Adults with current asthma but not former asthma have higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1329|date=January 2021|pmid=33446724|pmc=7809422|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79264-4|bibcode=2021NatSR..11.1329H}}</ref> Cutar asthma, musamman mummunar cutar asthma na da alaka da haifuwar munanan cututtukan toshewar ''pulmonary'' (COPD).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Silva GE, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Barbee RA|title=Asthma as a risk factor for COPD in a longitudinal study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_2004-07_126_1/page/59|journal=Chest|volume=126|issue=1|pages=59–65|date=July 2004|pmid=15249443|doi=10.1378/chest.126.1.59}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=de Marco R, Marcon A, Rossi A, Antó JM, Cerveri I, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Janson C, Jarvis D, Kuenzli N, Leynaert B, Probst-Hensch N, Svanes C, Wjst M, Burney P|display-authors=6|title=Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=46|issue=3|pages=671–679|date=September 2015|pmid=26113674|doi=10.1183/09031936.00008615|s2cid=2169875|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gibson PG, McDonald VM|title=Asthma-COPD overlap 2015: now we are six|journal=Thorax|volume=70|issue=7|pages=683–691|date=July 2015|pmid=25948695|doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206740|s2cid=38550372|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadanda ke dauke da cutar asthma musamman idan ba'a magance ta ba da kyau suna cikin hadarin kamuwa daga martani na ''radiocontrast agents.''<ref>{{cite book|veditors=Thomsen HS, Webb JA|title=Contrast media : safety issues and ESUR guidelines.|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-3-642-36724-3|pages=54|edition=Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1O-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Lalacewar hakori]] na yawan faruwa ga masu dauke da cutar asthma.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Agostini BA, Collares KF, Costa FD, Correa MB, Demarco FF|title=The role of asthma in caries occurrence - meta-analysis and meta-regression|journal=The Journal of Asthma|volume=56|issue=8|pages=841–852|date=August 2019|pmid=29972654|doi=10.1080/02770903.2018.1493602|s2cid=49694304}}</ref> Hakan na iya zama a dalilin illolin [[Beta 2 agonists|''beta 2 agonists'']] wajen rage yawan miyau.<ref name="Tho2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Thomas MS, Parolia A, Kundabala M, Vikram M|title=Asthma and oral health: a review|journal=Australian Dental Journal|volume=55|issue=2|pages=128–133|date=June 2010|pmid=20604752|doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01226.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan matsala ka iya haifar da matsalar sauya fasalin hakori - ''dental erosion.''<ref name="Tho2010" /> == Siloli == Ana kamuwa ne da cutar asthma ta hanyar muhalli sarkakkiyar kuma mara kyau da kuma kwayoyin halitta na gādo.<ref name="Martinez2007">{{cite journal|vauthors=Martinez FD|title=Genes, environments, development and asthma: a reappraisal|url=https://archive.org/details/european-respiratory-journal_2007-01_29_1/page/179|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=29|issue=1|pages=179–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17197483|doi=10.1183/09031936.00087906|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Miller RL, Ho SM|title=Environmental epigenetics and asthma: current concepts and call for studies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=177|issue=6|pages=567–73|date=March 2008|pmid=18187692|pmc=2267336|doi=10.1164/rccm.200710-1511PP}}</ref> Hakan yana tasiri akan tsananinta da kuma jin maganinta.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Choudhry S, Seibold MA, Borrell LN, Tang H, Serebrisky D, Chapela R, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Avila PC, Ziv E, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ, Burchard EG|display-authors=6|title=Dissecting complex diseases in complex populations: asthma in latino americans|journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society|volume=4|issue=3|pages=226–33|date=July 2007|pmid=17607004|pmc=2647623|doi=10.1513/pats.200701-029AW}}</ref> Anyi amanna da cewa karuwar samun masu cutar asthma yana da dangantaka da sauyin [[Epigenetics|''epigenetics'']] (abubuwan [[Gado (iyali)|gado]] wanda basu da alaka da kwayoyin haihuwa - DNA), da kuma sauyin muhalli na rayuwa.<ref name="pmid21575714">{{cite journal|vauthors=Dietert RR|title=Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications|journal=Reproductive Toxicology|volume=32|issue=2|pages=198–204|date=September 2011|pmid=21575714|doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007}}</ref> Cutar asthma da ke kama mutum tun yana dan shekara 12 watakila na da alaka da gādo, a yayinda kuma asthma da ke kama mutum bayan shekaru 12 na da alaka da muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tan DJ, Walters EH, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Matheson MC, Dharmage SC|title=Age-of-asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature|journal=Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine|volume=9|issue=1|pages=109–23|date=February 2015|pmid=25584929|doi=10.1586/17476348.2015.1000311|s2cid=23213216}}</ref> == Muhalli == Akwai al'amurran muhalli da dama da aka danganta da cutar asthma, wanda suka hada da allergies, gurbacewar iska, da sauran sinadarai dake cikin muhalli.<ref name="pmid21623970">{{cite journal|vauthors=Kelly FJ, Fussell JC|date=August 2011|title=Air pollution and airway disease|journal=Clinical and Experimental Allergy|volume=41|issue=8|pages=1059–71|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03776.x|pmid=21623970|s2cid=37717160}}</ref> Akwai abubuwan da aka sani wadanda ke janyo cutar asthma ga wanda suka cidanya da su kuma ana kiransu da [[Asthmagen|''Asthmagens'']]. Daga cikin wadannan sinadarai na ''asthmagens'' akwai ''ammonia, latex'', magungunan kwari, ''solder'' da burbushin walda, kura na karfe da katako, feshin fentin isocyanate a wajen gyaran ababen hawa, ''formaldehyde'', ''glutaraldehyde, anhydrides'', gam, abun rini, abubuwan aikin karfe, maiko, da kuma kwayoyin bakteriya (''molds'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/lung_disease_registry/toolkit/asthmagens.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - New York State Department of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|title=Occupational Asthmagens - HSE|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081225/https://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/internalops/og/og-00016.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shan sigari ga mai juna biyu ko kuma bayan haihuwa na da matukan hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="GINA2011_p6">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=6}}</ref> Karancin [[Jadawalin ingancin iska|ingancin iska]] a muhalli a dalilin hayakin ababen hawa kamar [[Gurbacewar iska ta ababen hawa|Gurbacewar iska a dalilin konewar man-fetur]], ko kuma yawaitar matakin ''[[Ozone]],''<ref name="GINA2011_p61">{{harvnb|GINA|2011|p=61}}</ref> na da alaka da bunkasar cutar asthma da kuma tsananinta.<ref name="Gold">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gold DR, Wright R|year=2005|title=Population disparities in asthma|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=26|pages=89–113|doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144528|pmid=15760282|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan rabin cutar asthma a cikin kananan yara a [[Amurka]] suna faruwa ne yankunan da ingancin iskansu bai kai matakin da [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] suka gindaya ba.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=109|issue=s3|year=2001|pages=357–374|issn=0091-6765|doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s3357|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karancin iska mai inganci yafi yawa a unguwannin talakawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brooks N, Sethi R|date=February 1997|title=The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics|journal=Journal of Environmental Economics and Management|volume=32|issue=2|pages=233–50|doi=10.1006/jeem.1996.0967|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cutar asthma na da alaka da cuɗanya da abubuwan da huhu bai so (''allergens)'' na cikin gida.<ref name="pmid21301330">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ahluwalia SK, Matsui EC|title=The indoor environment and its effects on childhood asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=11|issue=2|pages=137–43|date=April 2011|pmid=21301330|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283445921|s2cid=35075329}}</ref> Sanannu daga cikin abubuwan cikin gida da ke janyo cutar asthma sun haɗa da kwayoyin halittu dake cikin kura, [[Kyankyaso|Kyankyasai]], gashin dabbobi, da ''mold.''<ref name="Arshad">{{cite journal|vauthors=Arshad SH|s2cid=30418306|title=Does exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49–55|date=January 2010|pmid=20425514|doi=10.1007/s11882-009-0082-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Custovic A, Simpson A|title=The role of inhalant allergens in allergic airways disease|journal=Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology|volume=22|issue=6|pages=393–401; qiuz follow 401|year=2012|pmid=23101182}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin virus da ke kama hanyoyin numfashi kamar [[respiratory syncytial virus]] da [[rhinovirus]] kan iya janyo karuwar sanadiyyar kamuwa da cutar asthma a kananan yara, amma kuma wasu daga cikin cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa dasu kan rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma.<ref name="NHLBI07p11">{{harvnb|NHLBI Guideline|2007|p=11}}</ref> ==Azancin kula da tsafta == [[Azancin kula da tsafta]] wato ''hygiene hypothesis'' yana yunkurin bayani akan yadda cutar asthma ke kara yaɗuwa a duk fadin duniya a sakamako na kai tsaye wanda ba cikin tsari ba na rashin sani, a yayin yarinta, ga bakteriya da kuma virus.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ramsey CD, Celedón JC|title=The hygiene hypothesis and asthma|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|volume=11|issue=1|pages=14–20|date=January 2005|pmid=15591883|doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000145791.13714.ae|s2cid=44556390}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Bufford JD, Gern JE|title=The hygiene hypothesis revisited|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_immunology-and-allergy-clinics-of-north-america_2005-05_25_2/page/247|journal=Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–62, v-vi|date=May 2005|pmid=15878454|doi=10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.005}}</ref> An ayyana cewa, rage yawan backeriya da virus na da alaka da tsaftar muhalli da karancin yawan iyali a cikin al'umman wannan zamani.<ref name="Brook2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J|title=The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update|journal=Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=70–7|date=February 2013|pmid=23103806|doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835ad0d2|s2cid=23664343}}</ref> Cuɗanya da [[endotoxin]] na backtriya yayin yarinta ka iya magance hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma, amma kuma cuɗanya da ita yayin tsufa ka iya janyo ''bronchoconstriction.''<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rao D, Phipatanakul W|title=Impact of environmental controls on childhood asthma|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|volume=11|issue=5|pages=414–20|date=October 2011|pmid=21710109|pmc=3166452|doi=10.1007/s11882-011-0206-7}}</ref> Hujjar da ke karfafawa ''azacin kula da tsafa'' baya shine karancin kamuwa da cutar asthma a gonaki da kuma gidajen da ke da dabbobin gida.<ref name="Brook2013" /> Amfani da magungunan [[Antibiotic|''antibiotics'']] a farkon rayuwa na da hadarin kamuwa da cutar asthma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} mjkmxu6n9m84vqv5jkx0044smruqugj 0 25012 975201 839825 2026-11-02T16:26:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ese Brume''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1996) 'yar wasan [[Najeriya]] ce wanda ta ƙware a tsalle tsalle . Ita ce babbar zakara a Afirka sau uku a cikin Jump Jump kuma tana da mafi kyawun 7.17 m (ba Brume tana dogon tsalle zinariya medalist a 2013 Afirka Junior da tsalle-tsalle Championships, 2014 wasannin Commonwealth, 2014 Afirka Senior da tsalle-tsalle gasar da kuma 2015 Afirka Junior da tsalle-tsalle gasar . Ta kuma wakilci Najeriya a gasar matasa ta duniya a wasannin guje -guje a 2014. Brume ta wakilci Najeriya a Gasar Olympics ta 2016 inda ta zo na 5 a wasan karshe na Long Jump tare da tsallake <ref>[http://results.glasgow2014.com/athlete/athletics/1014526/e_brume.html Ese Brume] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912112102/http://results.glasgow2014.com/athlete/athletics/1014526/e_brume.html |date=2021-09-12 }}. Glasgow2014. Retrieved on 3 August 2014.</ref> <ref>[https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/rio-2016-olympic-games-women-long-jump-final IAAF – Olympic Long Jump Final]. Retrieved on 18 August 2016.</ref> [[Fayil:BRUME ESE Championnats d'Afrique d'athlétisme 2024 01.jpg|thumb|Ese Brume]] Brume ta lashe tagulla a wasan dogon tsalle a Gasar Wasannin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha, tare da tsallake mita 6.91 da wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2020 a Tokyo, tare da tsalle 6.97 m.<ref>[https://www.emu.edu.tr/en/news/news/emus-olympic-athlete-becomes-double-turkish-champion/1206/pid/2627 EMU’s Olympic Athlete Becomes Double Turkish Champion]. Retrieved on 25 April 2019.</ref> == Sana'a == An haife ta a [[Ughelli]], [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], Brume ya fara fitowa a matakin ƙasa a Gasar Wasannin na Ƙasa na Najeriya na 2012 tare da tsoffin ƙananan 'yan wasa Dakolo Emmanuel da Fabian Edoki. Ta sanya matsayi na shida a cikin tsalle mai tsayi, ta share sama da mita shida. Ita ce kuma ta yi nasara a bikin wasanni na kasa na 18 da aka yi a Legas. A shekara mai zuwa ta saita mafi kyawun 6.53 m (21 ba ft 5 a) don sanya matsayi na biyu a cikin ƙasa, bayan [[Blessing Okagbare]].<ref>[https://www.makingofchamps.com/2014/09/08/exclusive-interview-with-ese-brume-nigerian-african-commonwealth-long-jump-champ/ EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW with ESE BRUME, Nigerian, African & Commonwealth Long Jump CHAMPION!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913205212/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2014/09/08/exclusive-interview-with-ese-brume-nigerian-african-commonwealth-long-jump-champ/ |date=2021-09-13 }}. Retrieved on 25 April 2019</ref>|<ref name="Tilas">[http://www.tilastopaja.org/db/atw.php?ID=122859&Season=2012&Odd=0 Ese Brume]. Tilastopaja. Retrieved on 3 August 2014.</ref> Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka yi nasara a Gasar Wasannin Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Afirka na 2013 : ta lashe gasar tsalle tsalle, ta ɗauki azurfa a tsalle uku, kuma tana cikin ƙungiyar' yan wasan tseren mita 4 × 100 na Najeriya. Ta kuma sanya ta hudu a daidaiku a cikin mita 100 . <ref>[http://www.maa.mu/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/resultats-complets-filles.xls Complete Results Women] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413053255/https://www.maa.mu/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/resultats-complets-filles.xls |date=2022-04-13 }}. MAA. Retrieved on 14 September 2013.</ref> Brume ta yi nasarar kare kambun ta na tsalle tsalle a bugu na gaba na gasar wasannin tsere na matasa na Afirka a Addis Ababa . A wannan karon, ta fi samun nasara yayin da ta kara tsalle-tsalle sau uku da taken relay 4 x 100m, da lambar tagulla a cikin mutuum dari 100 zuwa tarin ta.<ref>[https://www.eurosport.com/athletics/ese-brume_prs455094/person.shtml]. Retrieved on 25 April 2019.</ref>| A watan MAyun 2014 tayi gudun 100m mafi kyau na dakika 11:84 sannan ta bi wannan tare da dogon tsalle mafi kyau sabon rikidin ƙaramin ɗan Afirka na 6.60 m (ba don cin nasara a Warri Relays. <ref>[http://www.africathle.com/2014/06/13/warri-relays-caa-grand-prix-nigeria-13062014/ Warri Relays CAA Grand Prix (Nigeria) 13/06/2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511011821/http://www.africathle.com/2014/06/13/warri-relays-caa-grand-prix-nigeria-13062014/ |date=2022-05-11 }}. Africathle. Retrieved on 3 August 2014.</ref> Ta inganta zuwa 6:68 (ba a Gasar Cin Kofin Najeriya don lashe taken ta na farko na farko na ƙasa. <ref>[http://www.athletics-africa.com/s/results/day-3-results-68th-nigerian-athletics-championships-calabar-2014-8451 Day 3 Results: 68th All Nigerian Athletics Championships Calabar 2014]. Athletics Africa. Retrieved on 3 August 2014.</ref> An zaɓe ta don horo a Gasar Matasa ta Duniya ta 2014 a Wasannin Wasanni amma, bayan ta tashi zuwa Eugene, Oregon kwana ɗaya kacal kafin fafatawar, ta yi rashin nasara kuma ta kasance ƙasa ta cancanta. <ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/results/iaaf-world-junior-championships/2014/iaaf-world-junior-championships-2014-4954/women/long-jump/qualification/result Viewing IAAF World Junior Championships > IAAF World Junior Championships 2014 > Long Jump – women]. IAAF. Retrieved on 3 August 2014.</ref> <ref>[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/08/world-juniors-fall-athletics-officials-planned-fail/ World juniors fall-out: How athletics officials planned to fail]. ''Nigeria Vanguard'' (2 August 2014). Retrieved on 2014-08-03.</ref> Tawagar 'yan gudun hijira ta kananan mata ta Najeriya ma ba ta yi nasara ba, inda aka fitar da ita a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar. [[Fayil:Ese Brume Championnats d'Afrique d'athlétisme 2024 09.jpg|thumb|Ese Brume]] Bayan kwana biyar kacal, ta wakilci Najeriya a wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 . Blessing Okagbare opted don gasa a cikin sprints haka Brume ya Najeriya ta tafin kafa entrant ga taron. Dan wasan mai shekaru 18 ya yi fice a wasannin tsalle tsalle na Commonwealth, inda ya share 6.56 m (ba a ƙarshe don lashe lambar zinare. Brume ta sadaukar da nasarar ta ga [[Emmanuel E. Uduaghan|Emmanuel Uduaghan]], gwamnan jihar Delta wanda ya saka hannun jari a fagen tsere da tallafi a yankin. Okagbare, wacce taci gasar Commonwealth a karo na biyu, ita ma ta samo asali ne daga tsarin Kuma Brume ta bayyana cewa abubuwan da tsoffin 'yan wasan suka samu sun yi mata kwarin gwiwa. Sakamakon nasarorin da ta samu na lashe lambar yabo, an baiwa Brume tallafin karatu don yin karatu a Amurka, tare da tallafin karamar hukuma. === 2016 === Bayan riga kulla da cancantar misali ga Rio Olympics da ta sirri rikodin Jump a watan Yuni 2016 a Akure Golden League, <ref>[http://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20160812/282230895087185 Okagbare, Others begin quest for Athletics Medals]. Akure2016. Retrieved on 18 August 2016.</ref> Brume gangarawa zuwa [[Durban]] na Afirka ta tsalle-tsalle ta Championships a matsayin shugaban Afrika a ta taron. Ta yi nasarar kare taken ta daga gasar da ta gabata. [[Fayil:Remise de medaille 20.jpg|thumb|Ese Brume]] Brume Brume ta cancanci shiga gasar tsalle -tsalle ta tsalle -tsalle na Rio a matsayin na uku mafi kyawun 'yan wasa a tafkin ta. Wannan ya sanya ta a matsayi na shida tana shiga wasan karshe. Daga karshe ta kawo karshen gasar a matsayi na biyar tana tsallen nisan mita 6.81 wanda ya kai santimita 2 kacal da rikodin nata wanda ta kafa a farkon shekarar. === 2018 === [[Fayil:Ese Brume Championnats d'Afrique d'athlétisme 2024 06.jpg|thumb|Ese Brume]] Brume ta zama zakara na Jami'o'in Turkiyya sau biyu a Wasannin Jami'o'in Turkiyya Koç Fest, wanda ke wakiltar jami'arta, Jami'ar Gabashin Bahar Rum . <ref>[https://www.emu.edu.tr/en/news/news/emus-olympic-athlete-becomes-double-turkish-champion/1206/pid/2627 EMU’s Olympic Athlete Becomes Double Turkish Champion]. Retrieved on 25 April 2019.</ref> Ta kafa rikodin taro da jagorar Afirka na 6.82 m a farkon kafa na 2018 Kalubalen Duniya a Kingston Jamaica. Wannan alamar ta kasance mafi kyawun tsalle daga ɗan wasan Afirka har zuwa Gasar Wasannin na 2018 na 2018 da aka gudanar a [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]] . A can, ta ƙara karkatar da Afirka ta santimita ɗaya don samun nasara a matsayi na uku a jere. Sannan ta wakilci Afirka a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Ostrava inda ta zama ta hudu. 2018 kuma ga Brume tsare ta title a 19th Nijeriya National Sports Festival a Abuja, a wani sabon festival rikodin na 6,62 mita. === 2019 === An zabi Brume a matsayin wanda aka zaba a cikin lambar yabo ta StarQt a rukunin 'yan wasan Afirka na bana. Ita kadai ce 'yar wasan Najeriya da aka zaba a cikin kowane fanni. An gudanar da taron a watan Oktoba a Johannesburg. Ta zama zakara a wasannin Afirka a Long Jump a ranar 29 ga Agusta 2019. Wannan shine taken ta na farko na wasannin Afirka. A ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2019, a Erzurum, ta inganta mafi kyawun abin ta zuwa 6.96m duk da tsananin iska (−2.1m/s). A gasar zakarun Turai da aka yi a Bursa a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, ta karya katangar mita 7 a karon farko a cikin aikinta wanda ya zarce wannan alamar sau biyu a gasar. Tsallen nata ya kai 7.05 m (+ 0.9m/s) a matsayi na biyu mafi kyawun wasan Afirka a tarihi. A ranar 6 ga Oktoba, ta lashe lambar tagulla a Gasar Duniya tare da tsallake mita 6.91. == Lakabi na ƙasa == * Tsawon Jump: 2014, 2016, 2017 == Mafi kyawun mutum == * Mita 100 - 11.41 sec ( [[Bursa]] 2019) * Dogon tsalle - 7.17 m (ba (Chula Vista, 2021) * Sau uku tsalle - 13.16 m (43 ba ft 2 a) ( [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]] 2015) <ref name=":1" /> == Rikodin gasa na duniya == {| {{AchievementTable}} |- |rowspan=3|2013 |rowspan=3|[[2013 African Junior Athletics Championships|African Junior Championships]] |rowspan=3|[[Bambous, Mauritius]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |4 × 100 m relay |46.28 |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Long jump |6.33 m (w) |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Triple jump |12.52 m (w) |- |rowspan=3|2014 |rowspan=2|[[2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]], [[United States]] |11th (h) |4 × 100 m relay |[[2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|45.93]] |- |33rd (q) |Long jump |[[2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's long jump|5.18 m]] <small>(wind:&nbsp;-0.3&nbsp;m/s)</small> |- |[[Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] |[[Glasgow, United Kingdom]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's long jump|6.56 m]] |- |rowspan=5|2015 |rowspan=4|[[2015 African Junior Athletics Championships|African Junior Championships]] |rowspan=4|[[Addis Ababa, Ethiopia]] |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |100 m |11.86 |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |4 × 100 m relay |44.83 |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Long jump |6.33 m |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Triple jump |13.16 m |- |[[Athletics at the 2015 African Games|African Games]] |[[Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo]] |4th |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2015 African Games – Women's long jump|6.23 m]] |- |2016 |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]] |5th |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's long jump|6.81 m]] |- |2017 |[[2017 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[London, United Kingdom]] |17th (q) |Long jump |[[2017 World Championships in Athletics – Women's long jump|6.38 m]] |- |2018 |[[2018 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Asaba, Nigeria]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |Long jump |[[2018 African Championships in Athletics – Women's long jump|6.83 m]] |- |rowspan=2|2019 |rowspan=1|[[Athletics at the 2019 African Games|African Games]] |rowspan=1|[[Rabat, Morocco]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2019 African Games – Women's long jump|6.69 m]] |- |[[2019 World Athletics Championships|World Championships ]] |[[Doha, Qatar]] |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Long jump |[[2019 World Athletics Championships – Women's long jump|6.91 m]] |- |2021 |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Tokyo, Japan]] |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's long jump|6.97 m]] |}  == Hanyoyin waje == * {{World Athletics}} * Ese Brume at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived) 91so19vj8tp19ad3p0w311pzkj8hxz4 0 25410 975392 527676 2026-11-02T22:12:36Z Salma Raddah 45959 975392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{Databox}} An zabi Dakta '''Dalhatu Umaru Sangari''' a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar mazabar Taraba ta Kudu a [[Taraba|jihar Taraba]], [[Najeriya]] a farkon Jamhuriya ta Hudu ta Najeriya, inda ya tsaya takara a dandalin All People Party (APP). Ya hau mulki a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 1999. Sangari ya samu damar yin digirin digirgir a ci gaban albarkatun kasa daga Jami'ar Ibadan . Ya kasance malami a fannin yanayin kasa kuma mai bincike a jami’ar [[Jami'ar Bayero|Bayero ta]] [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] tsawon shekaru 16 kafin ya shiga siyasa. Ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar (1996 - 1998). An zabe shi a matsayin sanata a lokacin [[Sani Abacha|mulkin rikon kwarya na Sani Abacha]], amma bai hau kujerar sa ba kafin rasuwar Abacha. <ref name="ngex" /> Bayan ya hau kujerar sa a [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawa]] a watan Yunin shekara ta 1999 an kuma naɗa Sangari kwamitoci kan Muhalli, Kwadago, Albarkatun Ruwa (mataimakin shugaba), Ilimi, Labarai da Harkokin Gwamnati. An kuma nada shi mamba a kwamitin da Sanata [[Ibrahim Kuta|Idris Ibrahim Kuta]] ke jagoranta wanda ya binciki yuwuwar almubazzaranci na kudi a cikin kyaututtukan kwangila tsakanin watan Yunin shekara ta 1999 zuwa watan Yulin shekara ta 2000, wanda ya zargi Sanatoci da dama.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt |title=FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA LEGISLATIVE ELECTION OF 20 FEBRUARY AND 7 MARCH 1999 |work=Psephos |access-date=2010-06-24}}</ref> <ref name=ngex>{{cite web |url=http://www.ngex.com/personalities/voices/mqb082100baluko.htm |title=MONDAY QUARTER-BACKING: CRITIQUING THE IDRIS KUTA SENATE PROBE REPORT |author=Mobolaji E. Aluko, PhD |date=August 21, 2000 |work=Nigeria Exchange |access-date=2010-06-24 |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718021707/http://www.ngex.com/personalities/voices/mqb082100baluko.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://1and1.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/01/26/20020126plu04.html |title=The Senate Deserves Some Credit |author=Bature Umar |work=ThisDay |date=2002-01-26 |access-date=2010-06-24 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm |title=Congressional Committees |publisher=Nigeria Congress |access-date=2010-06-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151316/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm |archive-date=2009-11-18 }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Sanatoci]] [[Category:Yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Yan'siyasan Najeriya]] q907jnzanxglgu2g7lf0f9rrbgts0e0 0 26649 975226 414505 2026-11-02T16:56:11Z Nura Bello 24854 975226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghada Mohammed Abdel Razek''' ({{Lang-ar|غادة محمد عبد الرازق}} ; an haife ta ne a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli shekarata alif dubu ɗaya da dari tara da saba'in (1970)) Miladiyya.ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar, ta fara aikinta a shekarar 1997. Ta yi aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen Talabijin da fina-finai da yawa, kuma ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa. <ref>[https://www.lbcgroup.tv/Author/192/ghada-abdel-razek/en Ghada Abdel Razek ] from [[LBC]]</ref> == GhadaRayuwar farko == An haifi Abdel Razek a Kafr Saqr, Sharqia Governorate a 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rotana.net/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82-%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A-%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%B9|title=غادة عبد الرازق تكشف سنها الحقيقي.. كم عمرها؟|website=Rotana|language=Arabic|date=23 February 2016}}</ref> Ita ce auta a cikin yayyenta guda biyu. Ta rayu tsawon shekaru shida a ƙasar [[Yemen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alhadath-alyoum.com/news44282.html|title=الممثلة المصرية "غادة عبدالرازق" تستذكر طفولتها في اليمن.. شاهد ماذا قالت عنها!|website=alhadath-alyoum|language=Arabic|date=23 May 2019|access-date=30 October 2021|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030044625/https://www.alhadath-alyoum.com/news44282.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ta fara aikinta a matsayin abin koyi na tallace-tallace. Matsayinta na farko shine a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV ''Barawo da nake so'' a 1997. ''Shahararrun ayyukanta na'' TV sun hada da gidan Hajj Metwali a 2001, ''Mahmood Almasri'' a 2003, ''Son dare'' a 2007, ''Albateneya'' a 2009, ''Zahra da'' mazajenta biyar a 2010, ''Samara'' a 2011, ''Tare da premitation'' a 2012, 13 ''labarin rayuwa'' a 2002. Ta lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo a bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Alexandria saboda rawar da ta taka a ''Hena maysara''. Ta lashe kyautar Murex d'Or a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴar wasan Masar a 2013. Ta kuma lashe lambar yabo ta ''Dear Guest'' award daga Dear Guest Magazine a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo a 2018. Har ila yau, ta zama alkali ga wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na gasar cin kofin ''Larabawa'' tare da Kosai Khauli da Carmen Lebbos . == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ghada Abdel Razek ta yi aure kuma ta fita sau da yawa. Auren ta na farko da ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Saudiyya Adel Gazzaz ya faru ne tun tana da shekara sha bakwai a duniya; sun rabu a shekarar 1994. Auren ta na biyu da wani dan kasuwa daga Port Said ; sun rabu ba da jimawa ba saboda bambancin shekarun su. Auren ta na uku shine Helmy Sarhan a shekara ta 2001; sai suka rabu bayan shekara daya. Auren ta na hudu shi ne furodusa Walid Al Tabaeyi; sun rabu a shekarar 2009. Auren ta na biyar shi ne dan jarida Mohamed Foda a shekarar 2011; sun rabu a shekarar 2015. Tana da 'ya daya, Rotana Gazzaz, daga mijinta na farko, kuma tana da jikoki biyu. An san Ghada Abdel Razek a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mashahuran da ke goyon bayan shugaban Masar [[Abdul Fatah el-Sisi|Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] . A ranar 7 ga Mayu 2020, Abdel Razek ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta auri darektan fim ɗin Haitham Zenita. == Ayyuka == === jerin talabijan === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci ! Matsayi |- | 1997 | Barawon da nake so | اللص الذي أحبه | Hala |- | 1998 | Kwarin mice | وادى فيران | Hadasa |- | 2000 | Matan duniya ku hada kai! | يا نساء العالم إتحدوا | Amal |- | 2001 | Iyalin Hajj Metwaly | عائلة الحاج متولي | Neemat alah |- | 2001 | Kasuwar maraice | سوق العصر | Shawq |- | 2001 | Beni Helal biography | السيرة الهلالية | Gimbiya Alyaa ta lankwasa ghanem |- | 2001 | Matan suna zuwa | النساء قادمون | Amal |- | 2002 | Takardun Misira 2 | أوراق مصرية 2 | Nahed Rashad |- | 2003 | Batun ka'ida | مسألة مبدأ | Lamis |- | 2003 | Gobe wata rana ce | غداً يوم آخر | |- | 2004 | Mahmood Almasry | محمود المصري | Cleo |- | 2004 | Batta da yayanta | بطة وأخواتها | Batta |- | 2006 | Masu kunya sun mutu | اللي اختشوا ماتوا | Hasnat |- | 2007 | 'Ya'yan dare | اولاد الليل | |- | 2008 | Hanyar tsoro | طريق الخوف | Farida |- | 2008 | Tsuntsun kada | طائر التمساح | Maysara |- | 2009 | Albateneya | الباطنية | Warda Bashendi |- | 2009 | Almaraghi law | قانون المراغي | Safiyya |- | 2010 | Zahra da mazajenta biyar | زهرة وأزواجها الخمسة | Zahra |- | 2011 | Samara | سمارة | Samara |- | 2012 | Tare da preditation | مع سبق الاصرار | Farida Tobji |- | 2013 | Labarin Hayat | حكاية حياة | Hayat |- | 2014 | Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa | السيدة الأولى | Maryam |- | 2015 | Mafarkin mafarki | الكابوس | Mushera |- | 2016 | Alkhanka | الخانكة | Amira |- | 2017 | Iskar ƙasa | أرض جو | Salma |- | 2018 | Da ba a sani ba | ضد مجهول | Nada |- | 2019 | Labarin Mura | حدوتة مرة | Mura |- | 2020 | Sultana Al Moez | سلطانة المعز | Sultana |} === Jerin Rediyo === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci |- | 2007 | Hanya arba'in | درب الأربعين |- | 2008 | Ina son ku mahaukaci | بحبك يا مجنونة |} === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci ! Matsayi |- | 1999 | Gamal Abdel Nasser | جمال عبد الناصر | Berlenti Abdul Hamid |- | 2000 | Ajandar ja | الأجندة الحمراء | |- | 2000 | Mace a karkashin iko | إمرأة تحت المراقبة | |- | 2006 | Game da soyayya da bata | عن العشق والهوى | Fatma Batta |- | 2006 | Mai jiran dawowa | عودة الندلة | Safiya |- | 2006 | Zay alhawa | زي الهوا | Eng |- | 2006 | Minti 90 | 90 dقيقة | Sherine |- | 2007 | Hen Maysara | حين ميسرة | |- | 2007 | kwana 45 | 45 yum | Susie |- | 2008 | Daren Doll Baby | ليلة البيبي دول | Layla |- | 2008 | Malam Umar Harb | الريس عمر حرب | Zena |- | 2009 | Shagon Shehata | دكان شحاتة | Najah |- | 2009 | Rikicin girmamawa | أزمة شرف | Thuraya |- | 2009 | Fawzia secret recipe | خلطة فوزية | Nosa |- | 2009 | Adrenaline | أدرينالين | Dr Manal Abdul Aziz |- | 2010 | Bon sure | بون سواريه | Huda |- | 2010 | Yi magana da ni, Na gode | كلمني شكرا | Ashjan |- | 2011 | Tafin wata | كف القمر | Jamila |- | 2012 | Reklam | ريكلام | Shadiya |- | 2013 | Garconira | جرسونيرة | Nada |- | 2016 | Masu kunya sun mutu | اللي اختشوا ماتوا | Layi |- | 2018 | Karmoz war | حرب كرموز | Zuba |- | 2018 | Karma | karma | Nahla |- | 2019 | Zango 2 | kamb 2 | |} === Mataki === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci |- | 1997 | Hoda karamiya | حودة كرامية |- | 2002 | Tareeyo | طرائيعو |- | 2009 | Gidan marayu | دار الأيتام |} === Shirye-shiryen TV === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci ! Sana'a |- | 2003 | Farah Farah | فرح فرح | mai gabatarwa |- | 2003 | cbm | سي بي إم | 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |- | 2004 | Taurari tasa | طبق النجوم | mai gabatarwa |- | 2008 | Raya da Sakina | ريا وسكينة | mai gabatarwa |- | 2015 | Larabawa simintin gyare-gyare | عرب كاستنغ | Alkali |- | 2016 | Larabawa 2 | عرب KAستنغ 2 | Alkali |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [[imdbname:1728178|Ghada Abdel Razek]] in [[IMDb]] [[Category:Matan Masar]] [[Category:Mata ƴan fim]] 2nj6o94mvlpnmv10xjbsuklk5958hp3 975227 975226 2026-11-02T16:58:08Z Nura Bello 24854 975227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghada Mohammed Abdel Razek''' ({{Lang-ar|غادة محمد عبد الرازق}} ; an haife ta ne a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli shekarata alif dubu ɗaya da dari tara da saba'in (1970)) Miladiyya.ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar, ta fara aikinta a shekarar 1997. Ta yi aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen Talabijin da fina-finai da yawa, kuma ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa. <ref>[https://www.lbcgroup.tv/Author/192/ghada-abdel-razek/en Ghada Abdel Razek ] from [[LBC]]</ref> == GhadaRayuwar farko == An haifi Abdel Razek a Kafr Saqr, Sharqia Governorate a 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rotana.net/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82-%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A-%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%B9|title=غادة عبد الرازق تكشف سنها الحقيقي.. كم عمرها؟|website=Rotana|language=Arabic|date=23 February 2016}}</ref> Ita ce auta a cikin yayyenta guda biyu. Ta rayu tsawon shekaru shida a ƙasar [[Yemen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alhadath-alyoum.com/news44282.html|title=الممثلة المصرية "غادة عبدالرازق" تستذكر طفولتها في اليمن.. شاهد ماذا قالت عنها!|website=alhadath-alyoum|language=Arabic|date=23 May 2019|access-date=30 October 2021|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030044625/https://www.alhadath-alyoum.com/news44282.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ta fara aikinta a matsayin abin koyi na tallace-tallace. Matsayinta na farko shine a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV ''Barawo da nake so'' a shekarar 1997. ''Shahararrun ayyukanta na'' TV sun hada da gidan Hajj Metwali a 2001, ''Mahmood Almasri'' a 2003, ''Son dare'' a 2007, ''Albateneya'' a 2009, ''Zahra da'' mazajenta biyar a 2010, ''Samara'' a 2011, ''Tare da premitation'' a 2012, 13 ''labarin rayuwa'' a 2002. Ta lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo a bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Alexandria saboda rawar da ta taka a ''Hena maysara''. Ta lashe kyautar Murex d'Or a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴar wasan Masar a 2013. Ta kuma lashe lambar yabo ta ''Dear Guest'' award daga Dear Guest Magazine a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo a 2018. Har ila yau, ta zama alkali ga wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na gasar cin kofin ''Larabawa'' tare da Kosai Khauli da Carmen Lebbos . == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ghada Abdel Razek ta yi aure kuma ta fita sau da yawa. Auren ta na farko da ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Saudiyya Adel Gazzaz ya faru ne tun tana da shekara sha bakwai a duniya; sun rabu a shekarar 1994. Auren ta na biyu da wani dan kasuwa daga Port Said ; sun rabu ba da jimawa ba saboda bambancin shekarun su. Auren ta na uku shine Helmy Sarhan a shekara ta 2001; sai suka rabu bayan shekara daya. Auren ta na hudu shi ne furodusa Walid Al Tabaeyi; sun rabu a shekarar 2009. Auren ta na biyar shi ne dan jarida Mohamed Foda a shekarar 2011; sun rabu a shekarar 2015. Tana da 'ya daya, Rotana Gazzaz, daga mijinta na farko, kuma tana da jikoki biyu. An san Ghada Abdel Razek a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mashahuran da ke goyon bayan shugaban Masar [[Abdul Fatah el-Sisi|Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] . A ranar 7 ga Mayu 2020, Abdel Razek ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta auri darektan fim ɗin Haitham Zenita. == Ayyuka == === jerin talabijan === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci ! Matsayi |- | 1997 | Barawon da nake so | اللص الذي أحبه | Hala |- | 1998 | Kwarin mice | وادى فيران | Hadasa |- | 2000 | Matan duniya ku hada kai! | يا نساء العالم إتحدوا | Amal |- | 2001 | Iyalin Hajj Metwaly | عائلة الحاج متولي | Neemat alah |- | 2001 | Kasuwar maraice | سوق العصر | Shawq |- | 2001 | Beni Helal biography | السيرة الهلالية | Gimbiya Alyaa ta lankwasa ghanem |- | 2001 | Matan suna zuwa | النساء قادمون | Amal |- | 2002 | Takardun Misira 2 | أوراق مصرية 2 | Nahed Rashad |- | 2003 | Batun ka'ida | مسألة مبدأ | Lamis |- | 2003 | Gobe wata rana ce | غداً يوم آخر | |- | 2004 | Mahmood Almasry | محمود المصري | Cleo |- | 2004 | Batta da yayanta | بطة وأخواتها | Batta |- | 2006 | Masu kunya sun mutu | اللي اختشوا ماتوا | Hasnat |- | 2007 | 'Ya'yan dare | اولاد الليل | |- | 2008 | Hanyar tsoro | طريق الخوف | Farida |- | 2008 | Tsuntsun kada | طائر التمساح | Maysara |- | 2009 | Albateneya | الباطنية | Warda Bashendi |- | 2009 | Almaraghi law | قانون المراغي | Safiyya |- | 2010 | Zahra da mazajenta biyar | زهرة وأزواجها الخمسة | Zahra |- | 2011 | Samara | سمارة | Samara |- | 2012 | Tare da preditation | مع سبق الاصرار | Farida Tobji |- | 2013 | Labarin Hayat | حكاية حياة | Hayat |- | 2014 | Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa | السيدة الأولى | Maryam |- | 2015 | Mafarkin mafarki | الكابوس | Mushera |- | 2016 | Alkhanka | الخانكة | Amira |- | 2017 | Iskar ƙasa | أرض جو | Salma |- | 2018 | Da ba a sani ba | ضد مجهول | Nada |- | 2019 | Labarin Mura | حدوتة مرة | Mura |- | 2020 | Sultana Al Moez | سلطانة المعز | Sultana |} === Jerin Rediyo === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci |- | 2007 | Hanya arba'in | درب الأربعين |- | 2008 | Ina son ku mahaukaci | بحبك يا مجنونة |} === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci ! Matsayi |- | 1999 | Gamal Abdel Nasser | جمال عبد الناصر | Berlenti Abdul Hamid |- | 2000 | Ajandar ja | الأجندة الحمراء | |- | 2000 | Mace a karkashin iko | إمرأة تحت المراقبة | |- | 2006 | Game da soyayya da bata | عن العشق والهوى | Fatma Batta |- | 2006 | Mai jiran dawowa | عودة الندلة | Safiya |- | 2006 | Zay alhawa | زي الهوا | Eng |- | 2006 | Minti 90 | 90 dقيقة | Sherine |- | 2007 | Hen Maysara | حين ميسرة | |- | 2007 | kwana 45 | 45 yum | Susie |- | 2008 | Daren Doll Baby | ليلة البيبي دول | Layla |- | 2008 | Malam Umar Harb | الريس عمر حرب | Zena |- | 2009 | Shagon Shehata | دكان شحاتة | Najah |- | 2009 | Rikicin girmamawa | أزمة شرف | Thuraya |- | 2009 | Fawzia secret recipe | خلطة فوزية | Nosa |- | 2009 | Adrenaline | أدرينالين | Dr Manal Abdul Aziz |- | 2010 | Bon sure | بون سواريه | Huda |- | 2010 | Yi magana da ni, Na gode | كلمني شكرا | Ashjan |- | 2011 | Tafin wata | كف القمر | Jamila |- | 2012 | Reklam | ريكلام | Shadiya |- | 2013 | Garconira | جرسونيرة | Nada |- | 2016 | Masu kunya sun mutu | اللي اختشوا ماتوا | Layi |- | 2018 | Karmoz war | حرب كرموز | Zuba |- | 2018 | Karma | karma | Nahla |- | 2019 | Zango 2 | kamb 2 | |} === Mataki === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci |- | 1997 | Hoda karamiya | حودة كرامية |- | 2002 | Tareeyo | طرائيعو |- | 2009 | Gidan marayu | دار الأيتام |} === Shirye-shiryen TV === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci ! Sana'a |- | 2003 | Farah Farah | فرح فرح | mai gabatarwa |- | 2003 | cbm | سي بي إم | 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |- | 2004 | Taurari tasa | طبق النجوم | mai gabatarwa |- | 2008 | Raya da Sakina | ريا وسكينة | mai gabatarwa |- | 2015 | Larabawa simintin gyare-gyare | عرب كاستنغ | Alkali |- | 2016 | Larabawa 2 | عرب KAستنغ 2 | Alkali |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [[imdbname:1728178|Ghada Abdel Razek]] in [[IMDb]] [[Category:Matan Masar]] [[Category:Mata ƴan fim]] d4vuzaflppn5ejdohxghpvah2n98ful 975228 975227 2026-11-02T16:58:48Z Nura Bello 24854 975228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghada Mohammed Abdel Razek''' ({{Lang-ar|غادة محمد عبد الرازق}} ; an haife ta ne a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli shekarata alif dubu ɗaya da dari tara da saba'in (1970)) Miladiyya.ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar, ta fara aikinta a shekarar 1997. Ta yi aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen Talabijin da fina-finai da yawa, kuma ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa. <ref>[https://www.lbcgroup.tv/Author/192/ghada-abdel-razek/en Ghada Abdel Razek ] from [[LBC]]</ref> == GhadaRayuwar farko == An haifi Abdel Razek a Kafr Saqr, Sharqia Governorate a 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rotana.net/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82-%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A-%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%B9|title=غادة عبد الرازق تكشف سنها الحقيقي.. كم عمرها؟|website=Rotana|language=Arabic|date=23 February 2016}}</ref> Ita ce auta a cikin yayyenta guda biyu. Ta rayu tsawon shekaru shida a ƙasar [[Yemen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alhadath-alyoum.com/news44282.html|title=الممثلة المصرية "غادة عبدالرازق" تستذكر طفولتها في اليمن.. شاهد ماذا قالت عنها!|website=alhadath-alyoum|language=Arabic|date=23 May 2019|access-date=30 October 2021|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030044625/https://www.alhadath-alyoum.com/news44282.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ta fara aikinta a matsayin abin koyi na tallace-tallace. Matsayinta na farko shine a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV ''Barawo da nake so'' a shekarar 1997. ''Shahararrun ayyukanta na'' TV sun hada da gidan Hajj Metwali a 2001, ''Mahmood Almasri'' a 2003, ''Son dare'' a 2007, ''Albateneya'' a 2009, ''Zahra da'' mazajenta biyar a 2010, ''Samara'' a 2011, ''Tare da premitation'' a 2012, 13 ''labarin rayuwa'' a 2002. Ta lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo a bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Alexandria saboda rawar da ta taka a ''Hena maysara''. Ta lashe kyautar Murex d'Or a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴar wasan Masar a shekarar 2013. Ta kuma lashe lambar yabo ta ''Dear Guest'' award daga Dear Guest Magazine a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo a 2018. Har ila yau, ta zama alkali ga wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na gasar cin kofin ''Larabawa'' tare da Kosai Khauli da Carmen Lebbos . == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ghada Abdel Razek ta yi aure kuma ta fita sau da yawa. Auren ta na farko da ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Saudiyya Adel Gazzaz ya faru ne tun tana da shekara sha bakwai a duniya; sun rabu a shekarar 1994. Auren ta na biyu da wani dan kasuwa daga Port Said ; sun rabu ba da jimawa ba saboda bambancin shekarun su. Auren ta na uku shine Helmy Sarhan a shekara ta 2001; sai suka rabu bayan shekara daya. Auren ta na hudu shi ne furodusa Walid Al Tabaeyi; sun rabu a shekarar 2009. Auren ta na biyar shi ne dan jarida Mohamed Foda a shekarar 2011; sun rabu a shekarar 2015. Tana da 'ya daya, Rotana Gazzaz, daga mijinta na farko, kuma tana da jikoki biyu. An san Ghada Abdel Razek a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mashahuran da ke goyon bayan shugaban Masar [[Abdul Fatah el-Sisi|Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] . A ranar 7 ga Mayu 2020, Abdel Razek ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta auri darektan fim ɗin Haitham Zenita. == Ayyuka == === jerin talabijan === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci ! Matsayi |- | 1997 | Barawon da nake so | اللص الذي أحبه | Hala |- | 1998 | Kwarin mice | وادى فيران | Hadasa |- | 2000 | Matan duniya ku hada kai! | يا نساء العالم إتحدوا | Amal |- | 2001 | Iyalin Hajj Metwaly | عائلة الحاج متولي | Neemat alah |- | 2001 | Kasuwar maraice | سوق العصر | Shawq |- | 2001 | Beni Helal biography | السيرة الهلالية | Gimbiya Alyaa ta lankwasa ghanem |- | 2001 | Matan suna zuwa | النساء قادمون | Amal |- | 2002 | Takardun Misira 2 | أوراق مصرية 2 | Nahed Rashad |- | 2003 | Batun ka'ida | مسألة مبدأ | Lamis |- | 2003 | Gobe wata rana ce | غداً يوم آخر | |- | 2004 | Mahmood Almasry | محمود المصري | Cleo |- | 2004 | Batta da yayanta | بطة وأخواتها | Batta |- | 2006 | Masu kunya sun mutu | اللي اختشوا ماتوا | Hasnat |- | 2007 | 'Ya'yan dare | اولاد الليل | |- | 2008 | Hanyar tsoro | طريق الخوف | Farida |- | 2008 | Tsuntsun kada | طائر التمساح | Maysara |- | 2009 | Albateneya | الباطنية | Warda Bashendi |- | 2009 | Almaraghi law | قانون المراغي | Safiyya |- | 2010 | Zahra da mazajenta biyar | زهرة وأزواجها الخمسة | Zahra |- | 2011 | Samara | سمارة | Samara |- | 2012 | Tare da preditation | مع سبق الاصرار | Farida Tobji |- | 2013 | Labarin Hayat | حكاية حياة | Hayat |- | 2014 | Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa | السيدة الأولى | Maryam |- | 2015 | Mafarkin mafarki | الكابوس | Mushera |- | 2016 | Alkhanka | الخانكة | Amira |- | 2017 | Iskar ƙasa | أرض جو | Salma |- | 2018 | Da ba a sani ba | ضد مجهول | Nada |- | 2019 | Labarin Mura | حدوتة مرة | Mura |- | 2020 | Sultana Al Moez | سلطانة المعز | Sultana |} === Jerin Rediyo === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci |- | 2007 | Hanya arba'in | درب الأربعين |- | 2008 | Ina son ku mahaukaci | بحبك يا مجنونة |} === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci ! Matsayi |- | 1999 | Gamal Abdel Nasser | جمال عبد الناصر | Berlenti Abdul Hamid |- | 2000 | Ajandar ja | الأجندة الحمراء | |- | 2000 | Mace a karkashin iko | إمرأة تحت المراقبة | |- | 2006 | Game da soyayya da bata | عن العشق والهوى | Fatma Batta |- | 2006 | Mai jiran dawowa | عودة الندلة | Safiya |- | 2006 | Zay alhawa | زي الهوا | Eng |- | 2006 | Minti 90 | 90 dقيقة | Sherine |- | 2007 | Hen Maysara | حين ميسرة | |- | 2007 | kwana 45 | 45 yum | Susie |- | 2008 | Daren Doll Baby | ليلة البيبي دول | Layla |- | 2008 | Malam Umar Harb | الريس عمر حرب | Zena |- | 2009 | Shagon Shehata | دكان شحاتة | Najah |- | 2009 | Rikicin girmamawa | أزمة شرف | Thuraya |- | 2009 | Fawzia secret recipe | خلطة فوزية | Nosa |- | 2009 | Adrenaline | أدرينالين | Dr Manal Abdul Aziz |- | 2010 | Bon sure | بون سواريه | Huda |- | 2010 | Yi magana da ni, Na gode | كلمني شكرا | Ashjan |- | 2011 | Tafin wata | كف القمر | Jamila |- | 2012 | Reklam | ريكلام | Shadiya |- | 2013 | Garconira | جرسونيرة | Nada |- | 2016 | Masu kunya sun mutu | اللي اختشوا ماتوا | Layi |- | 2018 | Karmoz war | حرب كرموز | Zuba |- | 2018 | Karma | karma | Nahla |- | 2019 | Zango 2 | kamb 2 | |} === Mataki === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci |- | 1997 | Hoda karamiya | حودة كرامية |- | 2002 | Tareeyo | طرائيعو |- | 2009 | Gidan marayu | دار الأيتام |} === Shirye-shiryen TV === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci ! Sana'a |- | 2003 | Farah Farah | فرح فرح | mai gabatarwa |- | 2003 | cbm | سي بي إم | 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |- | 2004 | Taurari tasa | طبق النجوم | mai gabatarwa |- | 2008 | Raya da Sakina | ريا وسكينة | mai gabatarwa |- | 2015 | Larabawa simintin gyare-gyare | عرب كاستنغ | Alkali |- | 2016 | Larabawa 2 | عرب KAستنغ 2 | Alkali |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [[imdbname:1728178|Ghada Abdel Razek]] in [[IMDb]] [[Category:Matan Masar]] [[Category:Mata ƴan fim]] ddmcqf2td9sgypu885tkn5ebivol0nd 975229 975228 2026-11-02T16:59:44Z Nura Bello 24854 975229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghada Mohammed Abdel Razek''' ({{Lang-ar|غادة محمد عبد الرازق}} ; an haife ta ne a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli shekarata alif dubu ɗaya da dari tara da saba'in (1970)) Miladiyya.ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar, ta fara aikinta a shekarar 1997. Ta yi aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen Talabijin da fina-finai da yawa, kuma ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa. <ref>[https://www.lbcgroup.tv/Author/192/ghada-abdel-razek/en Ghada Abdel Razek ] from [[LBC]]</ref> == GhadaRayuwar farko == An haifi Abdel Razek a Kafr Saqr, Sharqia Governorate a 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rotana.net/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82-%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A-%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%B9|title=غادة عبد الرازق تكشف سنها الحقيقي.. كم عمرها؟|website=Rotana|language=Arabic|date=23 February 2016}}</ref> Ita ce auta a cikin yayyenta guda biyu. Ta rayu tsawon shekaru shida a ƙasar [[Yemen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alhadath-alyoum.com/news44282.html|title=الممثلة المصرية "غادة عبدالرازق" تستذكر طفولتها في اليمن.. شاهد ماذا قالت عنها!|website=alhadath-alyoum|language=Arabic|date=23 May 2019|access-date=30 October 2021|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030044625/https://www.alhadath-alyoum.com/news44282.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ta fara aikinta a matsayin abin koyi na tallace-tallace. Matsayinta na farko shine a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV ''Barawo da nake so'' a shekarar 1997. ''Shahararrun ayyukanta na'' TV sun hada da gidan Hajj Metwali a 2001, ''Mahmood Almasri'' a 2003, ''Son dare'' a 2007, ''Albateneya'' a 2009, ''Zahra da'' mazajenta biyar a 2010, ''Samara'' a 2011, ''Tare da premitation'' a 2012, 13 ''labarin rayuwa'' a 2002. Ta lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo a bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Alexandria saboda rawar da ta taka a ''Hena maysara''. Ta lashe kyautar Murex d'Or a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴar wasan Masar a shekarar 2013. Ta kuma lashe lambar yabo ta ''Dear Guest'' award daga Dear Guest Magazine a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2018. Har ila yau, ta zama alkali ga wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na gasar cin kofin ''Larabawa'' tare da Kosai Khauli da Carmen Lebbos . == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ghada Abdel Razek ta yi aure kuma ta fita sau da yawa. Auren ta na farko da ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Saudiyya Adel Gazzaz ya faru ne tun tana da shekara sha bakwai a duniya; sun rabu a shekarar 1994. Auren ta na biyu da wani dan kasuwa daga Port Said ; sun rabu ba da jimawa ba saboda bambancin shekarun su. Auren ta na uku shine Helmy Sarhan a shekara ta 2001; sai suka rabu bayan shekara daya. Auren ta na hudu shi ne furodusa Walid Al Tabaeyi; sun rabu a shekarar 2009. Auren ta na biyar shi ne dan jarida Mohamed Foda a shekarar 2011; sun rabu a shekarar 2015. Tana da 'ya daya, Rotana Gazzaz, daga mijinta na farko, kuma tana da jikoki biyu. An san Ghada Abdel Razek a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mashahuran da ke goyon bayan shugaban Masar [[Abdul Fatah el-Sisi|Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] . A ranar 7 ga Mayu 2020, Abdel Razek ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta auri darektan fim ɗin Haitham Zenita. == Ayyuka == === jerin talabijan === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci ! Matsayi |- | 1997 | Barawon da nake so | اللص الذي أحبه | Hala |- | 1998 | Kwarin mice | وادى فيران | Hadasa |- | 2000 | Matan duniya ku hada kai! | يا نساء العالم إتحدوا | Amal |- | 2001 | Iyalin Hajj Metwaly | عائلة الحاج متولي | Neemat alah |- | 2001 | Kasuwar maraice | سوق العصر | Shawq |- | 2001 | Beni Helal biography | السيرة الهلالية | Gimbiya Alyaa ta lankwasa ghanem |- | 2001 | Matan suna zuwa | النساء قادمون | Amal |- | 2002 | Takardun Misira 2 | أوراق مصرية 2 | Nahed Rashad |- | 2003 | Batun ka'ida | مسألة مبدأ | Lamis |- | 2003 | Gobe wata rana ce | غداً يوم آخر | |- | 2004 | Mahmood Almasry | محمود المصري | Cleo |- | 2004 | Batta da yayanta | بطة وأخواتها | Batta |- | 2006 | Masu kunya sun mutu | اللي اختشوا ماتوا | Hasnat |- | 2007 | 'Ya'yan dare | اولاد الليل | |- | 2008 | Hanyar tsoro | طريق الخوف | Farida |- | 2008 | Tsuntsun kada | طائر التمساح | Maysara |- | 2009 | Albateneya | الباطنية | Warda Bashendi |- | 2009 | Almaraghi law | قانون المراغي | Safiyya |- | 2010 | Zahra da mazajenta biyar | زهرة وأزواجها الخمسة | Zahra |- | 2011 | Samara | سمارة | Samara |- | 2012 | Tare da preditation | مع سبق الاصرار | Farida Tobji |- | 2013 | Labarin Hayat | حكاية حياة | Hayat |- | 2014 | Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa | السيدة الأولى | Maryam |- | 2015 | Mafarkin mafarki | الكابوس | Mushera |- | 2016 | Alkhanka | الخانكة | Amira |- | 2017 | Iskar ƙasa | أرض جو | Salma |- | 2018 | Da ba a sani ba | ضد مجهول | Nada |- | 2019 | Labarin Mura | حدوتة مرة | Mura |- | 2020 | Sultana Al Moez | سلطانة المعز | Sultana |} === Jerin Rediyo === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci |- | 2007 | Hanya arba'in | درب الأربعين |- | 2008 | Ina son ku mahaukaci | بحبك يا مجنونة |} === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci ! Matsayi |- | 1999 | Gamal Abdel Nasser | جمال عبد الناصر | Berlenti Abdul Hamid |- | 2000 | Ajandar ja | الأجندة الحمراء | |- | 2000 | Mace a karkashin iko | إمرأة تحت المراقبة | |- | 2006 | Game da soyayya da bata | عن العشق والهوى | Fatma Batta |- | 2006 | Mai jiran dawowa | عودة الندلة | Safiya |- | 2006 | Zay alhawa | زي الهوا | Eng |- | 2006 | Minti 90 | 90 dقيقة | Sherine |- | 2007 | Hen Maysara | حين ميسرة | |- | 2007 | kwana 45 | 45 yum | Susie |- | 2008 | Daren Doll Baby | ليلة البيبي دول | Layla |- | 2008 | Malam Umar Harb | الريس عمر حرب | Zena |- | 2009 | Shagon Shehata | دكان شحاتة | Najah |- | 2009 | Rikicin girmamawa | أزمة شرف | Thuraya |- | 2009 | Fawzia secret recipe | خلطة فوزية | Nosa |- | 2009 | Adrenaline | أدرينالين | Dr Manal Abdul Aziz |- | 2010 | Bon sure | بون سواريه | Huda |- | 2010 | Yi magana da ni, Na gode | كلمني شكرا | Ashjan |- | 2011 | Tafin wata | كف القمر | Jamila |- | 2012 | Reklam | ريكلام | Shadiya |- | 2013 | Garconira | جرسونيرة | Nada |- | 2016 | Masu kunya sun mutu | اللي اختشوا ماتوا | Layi |- | 2018 | Karmoz war | حرب كرموز | Zuba |- | 2018 | Karma | karma | Nahla |- | 2019 | Zango 2 | kamb 2 | |} === Mataki === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci |- | 1997 | Hoda karamiya | حودة كرامية |- | 2002 | Tareeyo | طرائيعو |- | 2009 | Gidan marayu | دار الأيتام |} === Shirye-shiryen TV === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Sunan Ingilishi ! Sunan Larabci ! Sana'a |- | 2003 | Farah Farah | فرح فرح | mai gabatarwa |- | 2003 | cbm | سي بي إم | 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |- | 2004 | Taurari tasa | طبق النجوم | mai gabatarwa |- | 2008 | Raya da Sakina | ريا وسكينة | mai gabatarwa |- | 2015 | Larabawa simintin gyare-gyare | عرب كاستنغ | Alkali |- | 2016 | Larabawa 2 | عرب KAستنغ 2 | Alkali |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [[imdbname:1728178|Ghada Abdel Razek]] in [[IMDb]] [[Category:Matan Masar]] [[Category:Mata ƴan fim]] fmcsixdyhc15zlskdy3twcswmt0007c 0 26758 975508 745685 2026-11-03T09:08:14Z Zahrah0 14848 975508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B6_2.jpg |thumb|Jamila Awad, ƴar fim ɗin kasar ]] [[File:Metro Cinema in Alexandria.jpg|thumb|Metro Cinema, Alexandria Misra]] [[File:Egyptfilm.png|thumb|tambarin Sinimar Misra]] [[File:Jantar Mantar Samrat Yantra Misra Yantra.jpg|thumb]] '''Sinima a Masar''' na nufin masana'antar fina-finai wanda yake ci gaba da bunƙasa [[Kairo|a birnin Alkahira]] wanda aka sani da Hollywood na yankin MENA. Tun daga shekara ta alif 1976, babban birnin ƙasar ya gudanar da kuma bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Alkahira na shekara-shekara, wanda kungiyar masu shirya fina-finai ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta amince da shi . Akwai kuma wasu bukukuwa guda 12. Daga cikin fina-finai sama da 4,000 gajere da tsayin daka da aka yi a yankin MENA tun daga shekara ta alif 1908, fiye da kashi uku cikin huɗu na fina-finan [[Misra|Masar ne.]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2018}} Masar fina-finai suna yawanci magana a cikin kasar Masar Larabci yare. == Tarihi == === Farko === [[File:ModernEgypt,_Poster_of_Yahya_el_hub,_COV_319.jpg|left|thumb|180x180px| Hoton fim ɗin Masarawa ''Yahya el hub'' (1938).]] An yi taƙaitaccen adadin fina-finan shiru wato marasa sauti a Masar tun daga shekara ta alif 1896; ''Laila ta'' shekara ta alif 1927, ta shahara a matsayin siffa mai cikakken tsayi ta farko. [[Kairo|Masana'antar fina-finai ta Alkahira]] ta zama wani yanki na yanki tare da fitowar sauti. Tsakanin shekara ta alif 1930, zuwa shekara ta alif 1936, ƙananan ɗakunan studio daban-daban sun samar da aƙalla fina-finai 44. A cikin shekara ta alif 1936, Studio Misr, wanda masanin masana'antu [[Talaat Harb|Talaat Harb ya]] ba da kuɗi, ya fito a matsayin jagorar Masarawa daidai da manyan ɗakunan ɗaukar shiri na Hollywood, rawar da kamfanin ya riƙe tsawon shekaru talatin. <ref>Darwish, Mustafa, ''Dream Makers on the Nile: A Portrait of Egyptian Cinema'', The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, shekara ta alif 1998, Pp. 12–13.</ref> Masana tarihi sun yi saɓani wajen tantance farkon silima a Masar. Wasu sun ce a shekarar alif 1896, lokacin da aka fara kallon fim na farko a Masar, yayin da wasu suka fara daga ranar 20 ga watan Yunin, shekara ta alif 1907, tare da wani gajeren fim na Documentary game da ziyarar Khedive Abbas Hilmi na biyu a Cibiyar Mursi Abul-Abbas da ke Iskandariya. A cikin shekara ta alif 1917, darekta Mohammed Karim ya kafa kamfanin samar da kayayyaki a Alexandria. Kamfanin ya samar da fina-finai guda biyu: ''Matattu Flowers'' da ''Honor the Bedouin'', wanda aka nuna a birnin Alexandria a farkon shekara ta alif 1918. Tun daga wannan lokacin, fiye da fina-finai 4,000 ne aka shirya a Masar, kashi uku cikin huɗu na jimlar Larabawa. Ƙasar Masar ita ce kasa mafi albarka a yankin gabas ta tsakiya a fagen shirya fina-finai, kuma ƙasar da ta fi samun ci gaban tsarin yaɗa labarai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2018}} === Zamanin Zinare === [[File:ModernEgypt,_Poster_of_Berlanti,_COV_325.jpg|left|thumb| Hoton fim ɗin Masarawa ''Berlanti'' (1944).]] Shekarun 1940, 1950 da 1960 galibi ana ɗaukar shekarun zinare na cinema na Masar. A cikin shekarun 1950, masana'antar silima ta Masar ita ce ta uku mafi girma a duniya. Kamar yadda ake yi a Yamma, fina-finai sun mayar da martani ga sanannen hasashe, tare da faɗowa cikin nau'ikan da za a iya faɗi (ƙarar farin ciki shine al'ada), kuma yawancin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo suna yin sana'o'insu ba tare da buga sassa masu ƙarfi ba. A cikin kalmomin wani mai sukar, "Idan wani fim na Masar da aka yi niyya don shahararrun masu sauraro ba shi da wani daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da ake bukata, ya zama cin amana na kwangilar da ba a rubuta ba tare da 'yan kallo, wanda sakamakonsa zai bayyana a cikin akwatin akwatin."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/50/1209/366778/AlAhram-Weekly/Focus/The-golden-age-of--Egyptian-cinema-.aspx |access-date=2022-02-03 |archive-date=2021-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204205245/https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/50/1209/366778/AlAhram-Weekly/Focus/The-golden-age-of--Egyptian-cinema-.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 1940, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai fassara Anis Ebeid ya kafa "Anis Ebeid Films", a matsayin kamfani na farko na fassara fim a Masar da sauran Gabas ta Tsakiya, yana kawo ɗaruruwan fina-finan Amurka da na duniya zuwa Masar. Daga baya ya shiga harkar rarraba fina-finai shima. Sauye-sauyen siyasa a Masar bayan hamɓarar da Sarki Farouk a shekarar 1952 da farko ba su da wani tasiri a fim din Masar. [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Mulkin Nasser]] ya nemi iko a kan masana'antar ne kawai bayan ya koma tsarin gurguzu a 1961. A shekarar 1966, an mayar da masana'antar fina-finan Masar ta zama kasa. Kamar yadda yake da kowane al'amura a wancan lokacin, ana iya samun ra'ayi mai ma'ana game da masana'antar silima a lokacin. A cikin kalmomin Ahmed Ramzi, babban mutum na zamanin, "ya tafi karnuka". "Hannun gwamnati mai nauyi" wanda ke tare da ƙaddamar da fim ɗin Masar na ƙasa "ya hana sababbin abubuwan da suka faru kuma sun lalata ƙarfinsa". <ref>Farid, Samir, [http://www.yazda11.com/studio_nahas/alahram/cinema.htm "Lights, camera... retrospection"] ''[[Al-Ahram]] Weekly'', December 30, 1999</ref> Koyaya, yawancin fina-finan Masar 44 waɗanda ke cikin mafi kyawun jerin fina-finan Masar 100 na kowane lokaci an shirya su a lokacin. Sanannun lakabi sun haɗa da ''Daren Kidayar Shekaru'', ''Tashar Alkahira ,'' ''Mai Wasiƙa'' ''da'' ''Baya .'' A shekarun 1970, fina-finan Masar sun daidaita tsakanin siyasa da nishaɗi. Fina-finai irin su ''Khalli Balak min Zouzou na'' 1972 ( ''Watch out for Zouzou'' ), wanda ke nuna "Cinderella of Arab cinema", Soad Hosny, ya nemi daidaita harkokin siyasa da masu sauraro. ''Zouzou ya'' haɗa kiɗa, raye-raye, da salon zamani cikin labarin da ya daidaita harabar ɗakin karatu tare da kiɗa da wasannin kwaikwayo na iyali. Fim ɗin Masar mai suna ''Al-Rida' al-Abyad'' ( ''The White Gown'' ) na Hassan Ramzi a shekarar 1975 ya fito ne a [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] a shekarar 1976, inda ya sayar 61 million a kasar. Wannan ya sa ya zama fim ɗin waje mafi girma da aka samu a cikin shekarar kuma fim na bakwai mafi girma na waje da aka taɓa samu a Tarayyar Soviet . Wannan kuma ya sa ya zama fim ɗin Masar mafi girma a kowane lokaci, inda tallace-tallacen tikitin Soviet ya zarce tallace-tallacen tikitin duniya na duk sauran fina-finan Masar. === Lokacin canzawa === A ƙarshen shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980 masana’antar shirya fina-finan Masar ta yi ƙasa a gwiwa, tare da bunkasar abin da aka kira “fim ɗin kwangila”. Jarumi Khaled El Sawy ya bayyana wadannan a matsayin fina-finai "inda babu labari, babu wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samar da ingancin kowane nau'i ... fina-finai na asali wadanda ke da nufin yin kudi mai sauri." Yawan fina-finan da ake samarwa kuma ya ragu: daga kusan fina-finai 100 a shekara a fagen masana'antar zuwa kusan dozin a 1995. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin rani na 1997, lokacin da "Ismailia Rayeh Gayy" (fassara: Ismailia baya da gaba) ya girgiza masana'antar silima, yana jin daɗin nasara mara misaltuwa da riba mai yawa ga furodusoshi, gabatar da Mohamed Fouad ( shahararren mawaki) da Mohamed Henedi, sannan ya yi fice. Jarumin da ba a san shi ba wanda daga baya ya zama tauraron barkwanci na daya. Bisa nasarar wannan fim ɗin, an fitar da fina-finan barkwanci da yawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. === Yanzu === Tun daga shekarun 1990, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Masar ya tafi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ƙananan fina-finai na fasaha suna jan hankalin wasu ƙasashen duniya, amma ba sa halarta a gida. Shahararrun fina-finai, galibin manyan barkwanci irin su ''What A Lie!'', da kuma ayyuka masu fa'ida sosai na ɗan wasan barkwanci Mohamed Saad, yaƙi don ɗaukar masu sauraro ko dai sun ja hankalinsu zuwa fina-finan yammacin duniya ko kuma, suna ƙara yin taka tsantsan game da lalatar fim ɗin. Wasu ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, irin su ''Sahar el Layali na'' 2003 ( ''Sleepless Nights'' ), labarun da suka haɗa da ma'auratan bourgeois guda huɗu <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121026123430/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/304399/Sahar-el-Layaly/overview "Sahar el Layali"], ''The New York Times'', 2004</ref> da 2006 na ''Imrat Yacoubian'' ( ''Ginin Yacoubian'' ) sun haɗu da wannan rarrabuwa ta hanyar haɗuwa da babban ingancin fasaha da kuma babbar mashahuriyar sha'awa. A cikin 2006, an fitar da fim ɗin ''Awkat Faragh'' ( Lokacin hutu ). Sharhin zamantakewa game da raguwar matasan Masar, an shirya fim ɗin a kan ƙananan kasafin kuɗi kuma yana da ma'aikacin ƙananan ƙimar samarwa. Fim ɗin, duk da haka, ya zama nasara. Batun sa mai cike da cece-kuce, wato, yanayin jima'i a cikin al'ummar yau, ana ganinsa a matsayin tabbatar da cewa masana'antar ta fara yin kasada. Babban ƙalubalen da ke gaban masanan Masar da na duniya, dalibai da masu sha'awar fina-finan Masar, shi ne rashin wadatattun kayan aiki ta fuskar ayyukan da aka buga, da adanawa da samun kwafin fina-finan da kansu, da ci gaba a Masar na cibiyoyi masu zaman kansu da masu zaman kansu da suka sadaukar da bincike da adanawa. na fim. Cibiyar Fina-Finai ta Masarawa (ENFC), wacce bisa ka'ida ta ke rike da kwafin dukkan fina-finan da aka yi bayan 1961, a cewar wani mai binciken fina-finan Masar, "da nisa da zama dakin karatu, akwai tarin gwangwani masu tsatsa da ke ɗauke da kwafi masu inganci." A shekara ta 2007, duk da haka, an sami ƙaruwa sosai a yawan fina-finan Masar da aka yi. A cikin 1997, adadin fina-finai masu tsayi na Masar da aka ƙirƙira shine 16; Bayan shekaru 10, adadin ya haura zuwa 40. Har ila yau, bayanan akwatin ofishin sun tashi sosai, yayin da fina-finan Masar suka samu kusan dala miliyan 50 yayin da fina-finan Amurka, idan aka kwatanta, sun samu dala miliyan 10.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2011}} == Bukukuwa == Tun shekara ta alif 1952, Alƙahira ta gudanar da bikin fina-finai na Cibiyar Katolika. Shi ne bikin fina-finai mafi daɗewa a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka. Ya kware a Cinema na Masar. Tun daga shekara ta alif 1976, [[Kairo|Alkahira]] ta gudanar da bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Alkahira na shekara-shekara, wanda kungiyar masu shirya fina-finai ta kasa da kasa ta amince da shi . Ana gudanar da wani bukukuwan fina-finai a [[Misra|Masar]] da haɗa da: * Luxor African Film Festival * Aswan International Women's Film Festival * Cairo International Women's Film Festival * Alexandria International Film Festival * El Gouna Film Festival * Cairo Cinema Days * National Egyptian Film Festival * Cairo Francophone Film Festival * Catholic Center Film Festival * Port Said Festival for Arab Films * Film Association Festival for Egyptian Cinema * Sharm El-Sheikh Film Festival == Fina-finai masu shahara == {| class="sortable" cellpadding="2" !Title !Transliteration !Year !Director |- |My Father above the Tree |Abi foq al-Shagara |1969 |Hussein Kamal |- |The Asphalt boogymen |Afarit el-asphalt |1996 |Oussama Fawzi |- |Ali Baba and The Forty Thieves |Ali Baba wa Al Arbaeen harami |1942 |Togo Mizrahi |- |I Am Free |Ana Horra |1959 |Salah Abu Seif |- |Date Wine |Arak el-balah |1998 |Radwan El-Kashef |- |The Land Of Fear |Ard El-Khof |1999 |Daoud Abdel Sayed |- |Al-Go'a |Al-Go'a |1986 |Ali Badrakhan |- |The Land |El Ard |1969 |Youssef Chahine |- |The Sparrow |Al Asfour |1972 |Youssef Chahine |- |The Return of the Prodigal Son |Awdat al ibn al dal |1976 |Youssef Chahine |- |Sons of Egypt |Awlad Masr |1933 |Togo Mizrahi |- |The Days of Sadat |Ayam El-Sadat |2001 |Mohamed Khan |- |The Soft Hands |Al Ayde Al Na'ema |1963 |Mahmoud Zulfikar |- |The Will |El Azima |1939 |Kamal Selim |- |The Gate of Sun |Bab el shams |2004 |Yousry Nasrallah |- |Cairo Station |Bab El-Hadid |1958 |Youssef Chahine |- |I Love Cinema |Baheb el cima |2004 |Oussama Fawzi |- |The Search for Sayed Marzouk |Al Bahths an Al Sayyid Marzuq |1990 |Daoud Abdel Sayed |- |The Innocent |El Baree' |1988 |Atef El-Tayeb |- |Barsoum Looking for a Job |Barsoum Yabhas Aen Wazifa |1923 |Mohamed Bayoumi |- |A Beginning and an End |Bidaya wa Nihaya |1960 |Salah Abu Seif |- |The Postman |Al Boustaguy |1968 |Hussein Kamal |- |The Path of Mahabil |Darb al-mahabil |1955 |Tawfik Saleh |- |The Nightingale's prayer |Doaa al-Karawan |1959 |Henry Barakat |- |Traffic Light |Eisharit morour |1995 |Khairy Beshara |- |In the Land of Tutankhamun |Fi bilad Tout Ankh Amoun |1923 |Mohamed Bayoumi |- |The Paradise of the Fallen Angels |Gannat al shayateen |1999 |Oussama Fawzi |- |The Island |El Geezera |2007 |Sherif Arafa |- |The Flirtation of Girls |Ghazal Al Banat |1949 |Anwar Wagdi |- |The Sin |Al Haram |1965 |Henry Barakat |- |Chafika et Metwal |Shafika w Metwally |1978 |Ali Badrakhan |- |Hassan and Marcus |Hassan wi Mor'os |2008 |Ramy Emam |- |Life or Death |Haya aw Maut |1954 |Kamal El Sheikh |- |The Choice |Al Ikhtiyar |1970 |Youssef Chahine |- |Terrorism and Kebab |Al Irhab wal kabab |1992 |Sherif Arafa |- |Alexandria... Why? |Iskanderija ... lih? |1978 |Youssef Chahine |- |Karnak |Al Karnak |1975 |Ali Badrakhan |- |The Kit Kat |El Kit Kat |1991 |Daoud Abdel Sayed |- |The Lady's Puppet |Laabet el sitt |1946 |Waley-ElDin Sameh |- |Leila | |1927 |[[Aziza Amir]] |- |Angel of Mercy |Malak al-Rahma |1946 |Youssef Wahbi |- |The City |El Medina |1999 |Yousry Nasrallah |- |The Night of Counting the Years |Al Mummia |1975 |Shadi Abdel Salam |- |The Impossible |El Mustahil |1966 |Hussein Kamal |- |Saladin The Victorious |El Nasser Salah El-Din |1963 |Youssef Chahine |- |Yaaqubian building |Omaret yakobean |2006 |Marwan Hamed |- |A Bullet in the Heart |Rossassa Fel Qalb |1944 |Mohammed Karim |- |Return My Heart Back |Rudda Kalbi |1958 |Ezz-El-Din Zulfikar |- |Salama is Okay |Salama fi khair |1938 |Niazi Mostafa |- |Salamah | |1945 |Togo Mizrahi |- |The Bus Driver |Sawaq El-Autobis |1983 |Atef El-Tayeb |- |Some of the Fear |Shey min el khouf |1969 |Hussein Kamal |- |Struggle of the Heroes |Sira' Al Abtal |1962 |Tawfik Saleh |- |Black Market |Suq al-Soda, Al |1945 |Kamel El-Telmissany |- |Adrift on the Nile |Tharthara Fawq Al Neel |1971 |Hussein Kamal |- |The Collar and the Bracelet |El Tooq wal Eswera |1986 |Khairy Beshara |- |Adieu Bonaparte |Weda'an Bonapart |1985 |Youssef Chahine |- |The Two Orphans |Al Yateematain |1949 |Hassan Al Imam |- |The Sixth Day |Al Yawm al-Sadis |1986 |Youssef Chahine |- |Happy Day |Yawm Saeed |1940 |Mohammed Karim |- |Sweet Day, Bitter Day |Yom mor ... Yom helw |1988 |Khairy Beshara |- |The Wife of an Important Man |Zawgat Ragol Mohim |1988 |Mohamed Khan |- |Zeinab | |1950 |Mohammed Karim |- |The Second Wife |El Zouga El Tania |1967 |Salah Abu Seif |- |The White Gown |Al-Rida’ al-Abyad |1975 |Hassan Ramzi |- |People on the Top |Ahl el qema |1981 |Ali Badrakhan |} == Fitattu a Masana'antar == === Daraktoci === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Ahmed Badrakhan]] (1909–1969) * [[Anwar Wagdi]] (1904–1955) * [[Atef E-Taieb]] (1947–1995) * [[Daoud Abdel Sayed]] (1946–) * [[Ezz El-Dine Zulficar]] (1919–1963) * [[Hassan Al Imam]] (1919–1988) * [[Henry Barakat]] (1912–1997) * [[Hussein Kamal]] (1932–2003) * [[Jehane Noujaim]] (1974–) * [[Khairy Beshara]] (1947–) * [[Maher Sabry]] (1967–) * [[Mahmoud Zulfikar]] (1914–1970) * [[Marwan Hamed]] (1970–) * [[Mohamed Khan]] (1942–2016) * [[Mohammed Karim]] (1896–1972) * [[Salah Abu Seif]] (1915–1996) * [[Shady Abdel Salam]] (1930–1986) * [[Sherif Arafa]] (1960–) * [[Tamer El Said]] (1972–) * [[Yousry Nasrallah]] (1952–) * [[Youssef Chahine]] (1926–2008) * [[Youssef Wahbi]] (1898–1982) {{div col end}} ===Masu Ɗauka=== * Wahid Farid (1919-1998) * [[Tarek El-Telmissany]] (1950–) ===Jarumai=== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abdelhalim Hafez]] (El Andaleeb) (1929–1977) * [[Adel Emam]] (El Zaeem) (1940–) * [[Ahmed El Sakka]] (1973–) * [[Ahmed Ezz (actor)|Ahmed Ezz]] (1971–) * [[Ahmed Helmy]] (1969–) * [[Ahmed Mazhar]] (1917–2002) * [[Ahmad Zaki (actor)|Ahmad Zaki]] (1949–2005) * [[Amina Rizk]] (1910–2003) * [[Anwar Wagdi]] (1904–1955) * [[Elham Shahin]] (1961–) * [[Emad Hamdy]] (1909–1984) * [[Ezzat El Alaili]] (1934–2021) * [[Ezz El-Dine Zulficar]] (1919–1963) * [[Farid al-Atrash]] (1915–1974) * [[Farid Shawky]] (1920–1998) * [[Farouk al-Fishawy]] (1952–2019) * [[Faten Hamama]] (1931–2015) * [[Fuad Al Mohandes]] (El Ostaz) (1924–2006) * [[Hend Rostom]] (1929–2011) * [[Hussein al-Imam|Hussein El Imam]] (1951-2014) * [[Hussein Fahmy]] (1940–) * [[Ismail Yasin]] (1912–1972) * [[Khaled Abol Naga]] (1966–) * [[Laila Elwi]] (1962–) * [[Layla Murad]] (1918–1995) * [[Lebleba]] (1945–) * [[Madiha Yousri]] (1921–2018) * [[Magda al-Sabahi|Magda]] (1931–2020) * [[Mahmoud Abdel Aziz]] (1946–2016) * [[Mahmoud Yassin]] (1941–2020) * [[Mahmoud Zulfikar]] (1914-1970) * [[Mariam Fakhr Eddine]] (1933–2014) * [[Mary Queeny]] (1913–2003) * [[Mervat Amin]] (1946–) * [[Mohamed Abdel Wahab]] (1902–1991) * [[Mohamed Henedi]] (1965–) * [[Mona Zaki]] (1976–) * [[Mounira El Mahdeya]] (1885–1965) * [[Nabila Ebeid]] (1945–) * [[Nadia Al-Gindi]] (1946–) * [[Nadia Lutfi]] (1937–2020) * [[Nagat El-Sagheera]] (1938–) * [[Naglaa Fathi]] (1951-) ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.ngsw.org/~afrmedia/index.php Shirye-shiryen Watsa Labarun Afirka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708054534/http://www.ngsw.org/~afrmedia/index.php |date=2012-07-08 }} Cikakken bayanan kafofin watsa labarai na Afirka * [http://www.elcinema.com El-Cinema.com] (wani [[IMDb|IMDb da aka]] yi wahayi zuwa bayanan fina-finai na Masar da Larabci) [[Category:Sinima a Afrika]] [[Category:Misra]] [[Category:Shafuka masu Fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] {{Sinima a Afrika}} 90psld5ekm5h30b2t525x4hy2024acl 0 32022 975520 916571 2026-11-03T10:27:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Celebrating_with_dance_(5888508990).jpg |thumb|Celebrating with dance]] [[Fayil:Many many people and signs (46766810492).jpg|thumb|Mutane a muhallinsu]] Halin ɗan [[Dan Adams|adam na '''muhalli''']] yanki ne na bincike na tsaka-tsaki, ya hada da yawancin ƙa'idodin muhalli waɗanda suka fito a cikin ɗan adam a cikin shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, musamman wallafe-wallafen muhalli, falsafar muhalli, tarihin muhalli, nazarin kimiyya da fasaha, [[Ilimin ɗan adam|Ilimin ɗan Adam]] na muhalli, da sadarwar muhalli. <ref>Milstein, T. & Castro-Sotomayor, J. (2020). Routledge Handbook of Ecocultural Identity. London, UK: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351068840</ref> Muhalli na ɗan adam yana amfani da tambayoyin ɗan adam game da ma'ana, al'ada, dabi'u, ɗa'a, da alhakin magance matsalolin muhalli masu matsananciyar wahala. Ƙungiyoyin mahalli suna nufin taimaka wa ƙetare rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin [[Kimiyyar zamantakewa|kimiyar kimiyya]] da [[Dan Adam niche yanayi|ɗan adam]], da kuma tsakanin hanyoyin Yamma, Gabas, da na asali na alaƙa da duniyar halitta da wurin ɗan adam a cikinta. Har ila yau filin ya yi tsayayya da rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin "dabi'a" da "al'ada," yana nuna yawancin batutuwan "[[muhalli]]" a koyaushe suna shiga cikin tambayoyin ɗan adam na adalci, aiki, da siyasa. Muhalli kuma wata hanya ce ta haɗa hanyoyi daga fagage daban-daban don ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin tunani ta hanyar matsalolin muhalli domin inganta mahallin saboda gudun kamuwa da cututtuka barkatai Wanda hakan yake haifarwa.<ref>https://ha.cepf.net/grants/grantee-projects/enviro-wise-learning</ref> == Halayen ɗan adam a muhalli. == Kodayake ra'ayoyi da fikirorin da ke tattare da halayen muhalli sun samo asali ne a ƙarni na baya, filin ya ƙarfafa ƙarƙashin sunan "yan Adam na muhalli" a cikin 2000s, bayan ci gaba da ci gaba na 1970s, 1980s, da 1990s, a cikin ilimin bil'adama da ilimin zamantakewa kamar littattafai, tarihi, falsafar, nazarin jinsi, da ilimin halin dan Adam. Ƙungiyar masu bincike na Ostiraliya sun yi amfani da sunan "yanayin muhalli" don bayyana ayyukansu tun a cikin 1990s; filin da aka ƙarfafa a ƙarƙashin sunan "yanayin muhalli" a kusa da shekaa 2010. An kafa Mujallar ''[https://read.dukeupress.edu/environmental-humanities Muhalli]'' na Muhalli a cikin 2012, da ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220524125616/http://www.resiliencejournal.org/ Resilience: A Journal of the Environmental Humanities]'' a shekara ta 2014, yana nuna ci gaban filin da ƙarfafawa a kusa da wannan kalmomi. Akwai cibiyoyi, shirye-shirye da yawa na muhalli na ɗan adam a duniya. Wasu daga cikin fitattun su ne Cibiyar Rachel Carson don Muhalli da Jama'a (RCC) a LMU Munich, Cibiyar Al'adu, Tarihi, da Muhalli (CHE) a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison, Cibiyar Nazarin Makamashi da Muhalli a cikin Kimiyyar Dan Adam a Jami'ar Rice, Shirin Penn a cikin Muhalli na Muhalli a Jami'ar [[Pennsylvania]], Laboratory Humanities Laboratory a KTH Royal Institute of Technology, The Greenhouse a Jami'ar Stavanger, da kuma International [https://hfe-observatories.org/ Humanities for Environment] observatories. Yawancin jami'o'i suna ba da PhDs, Digirin Kwarewa na fannin Arts, takaddun karatun digiri, da Digiri na Fasaha a cikin ɗan adam na muhalli. Ana koyar da darussa a cikin yanayin ɗan adam a kowace [[nahiya]]. <ref>O’Gorman, Emily, Thom van Dooren, Ursula Münster, Joni Adamson, Christof Mauch, Sverker Sörlin, Marco Armiero, Kati Lindström, Donna Houston, José Augusto Pádua, Kate Rigby, Owain Jones, Judy Motion, Stephen Muecke, Chia-ju Chang, Shuyuan Lu, Christopher Jones, Lesley Green, Frank Matose, Hedley Twidle, Matthew Schneider-Mayerson, Bethany Wiggin, and Dolly Jørgensen. "[https://read.dukeupress.edu/environmental-humanities/article/11/2/427/140787/Teaching-the-Environmental-HumanitiesInternational Teaching the environmental humanities: international perspectives and practices]." ''Environmental Humanities'' 11, no. 2 (2019): 427-460.</ref> Halayen muhalli ba wai kawai sun fito ne daga masu tunani na ilimi na Yamma ba: ƴan asalin ƙasa, masu tunanin bayan mulkin mallaka da na mata sun ba da babbar gudummawa. Waɗannan gudunmawar sun haɗa da ƙalubalantar ra'ayoyin da suka shafi ɗan adam waɗanda suka raba "dabi'a" da "al'ada" da kuma ra'ayoyin fararen fata, maza, Turai da Arewacin Amirka na abin da ya ƙunshi "dabi'a"; sake fasalin nau'in adabi na " rubutun yanayi "; da ƙirƙirar sabbin ra'ayoyi da fagagen da ke haɗa ilimi da siyasa, kamar "adalci na muhalli," " wariyar launin fata ," "muhalli na matalauta," "naturecultures," da "na bayan mutum." == Haɗin kai ilimin kasa. == Halin ɗan adam na muhalli yana da alaƙa da ''haɗin kai'' da kuma sadaukar da kai ga mahimman abubuwa guda biyu waɗanda suka shafi buƙatun mika wuya ga dokokin muhalli da ganin ɗan adam a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban tsarin rayuwa. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke tattare da ilimin halittu na muhalli shine cewa duniyar kwayoyin halitta da sassan jikinsu ana ganin su a matsayin tsari guda ɗaya wanda kowane bangare yana haɗuwa da juna. Wannan ra'ayi na duniya yana da alaƙa ta kud da kud da falsafar ilimin halittar jiki ta Lotka da kuma ma'anar "Injin Duniya". Lokacin da muka ga duk abin da ke da alaƙa, to, tambayoyin al'ada na bil'adama game da adalci na tattalin arziki da siyasa sun ''kara girma,'' a cikin la'akari da yadda adalci ke da alaka da canjin yanayin mu. Sakamakon irin wannan haɗin kai shine, kamar yadda masu fafutukar kare muhalli ke jayayya, cewa mun fara neman ƙarin ma'anar adalci wanda ya haɗa da waɗanda ba ɗan adam ba a cikin yankin waɗanda haƙƙoƙin ke da hakki. Wannan faɗaɗa fahimtar adalci ya haɗa da "ɗaɗaɗɗen" ko "tunanin muhalli", wanda ke ƙaddamar da haɓaka ilimin raba ilimi a cikin fagagen 'ilimi' jam'i da daban-daban. Irin wannan ilimin raba ilimi ana kiransa tsakanin Illuminati. Yana da alaƙa da falsafar siyasa ta Hannah Arendt da ayyukan Italo Calvino . Kamar yadda Calvino ya sanya shi, "girma [s] sararin abin da za mu iya tunanin". Hakanan yana da alaƙa da aikin Haskakawa na Leibniz inda ake taƙaita ilimin kimiyya lokaci guda yayin da ake haɓakawa. Halin yana da wuyar gaske, duk da haka, ta hanyar sanin gaskiyar cewa haɗin kai ''ba su da layi'' da ''layi'' . Don haka, yanayin ɗan adam na muhalli, yana buƙatar nau'ikan harshe na layi da kuma waɗanda ba na layi ba waɗanda za a iya yin tunani game da adalci. Don haka akwai ƙwarin gwiwa don nemo hanyoyin harshe waɗanda za su iya bayyana daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗin kai da waɗanda ba na layi ba. === Ka’idoji. === A cewar wasu masu tunani, akwai axioms na mahalli guda uku kamar yadda suke zuwa: # Ka’ida na biyayya ga dokokin muhalli ; # Matsakaicin dangi na muhalli, wanda ke nuna ɗan adam a matsayin mai shiga cikin tsarin rayuwa mai girma; kuma. # Maƙasudin ginin zamantakewa na muhallin halittu da haɗin kai na muhalli, wanda ke faɗin cewa mahalli da yanayi na iya zama mahaɗan ra'ayi kawai masu dacewa (Marshall, 2002). Sanya ka’ida na farko da na biyu wata hanya, alaƙa tsakanin da tsakanin abubuwa masu rai sune tushen yadda ake fahimtar yanayin yanayin aiki, don haka ya zama dokokin rayuwa da jagororin hali (Rose 2004). Na farko daga cikin wadannan ka’ida yana da al'ada a cikin ilimin zamantakewa ( ''duba'' Marx, 1968: 3). Daga na biyu ra'ayi na " halitta yanayi / embeddedness " da "mazauni" sun fito daga Siyasa Gwaji tare da asali alaka da hakkoki, dimokuradiyya, da ilmin halitta (Eckersley 1996: 222, 225; Eckersley 1998). Ka’ida na uku ya fito ne daga ƙaƙƙarfan al'adar 'mai nuna kai' na duk ƙwararrun 'yan Adam' kuma tana ƙarfafa ƴan Adam don bincika tushen ka'idar ta (kuma ba tare da wannan ba, ɗan adam muhalli shine kawai 'ecology'). == Ra'ayoyin zamani. == === Ilimin tattalin arziki na siyasa. === Wasu masana ilimin tunani sun nuna cewa shigar da wadanda ba mutane ba cikin la'akari da adalci yana danganta falsafar mahalli da tattalin arzikin siyasa. Wannan saboda ka'idar adalci wani muhimmin aiki ne na falsafar tattalin arzikin siyasa. Idan daidai da axioms na muhalli bil'adama, theories na adalci sun kara girma zuwa hada da muhalli dabi'u fiye da zama dole sakamakon shi ne kira na damuwa da muhalli da tattalin arziki na siyasa: watau. Ilimin Tattalin Arzikin Siyasa. === Harshen tsarin makamashi. === Tambayar wane harshe ne zai iya kwatanta hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo na madaidaiciya da kuma waɗanda ba na layi ba na tsarin muhalli ya bayyana cewa makarantar ilimin halitta da aka sani da tsarin ilimin halittu ta ɗauka . Don nuna ma'anar layi da haɗin kai na ciki na yanayin muhalli inda ka'idodin thermodynamics ke riƙe da sakamako mai mahimmanci (Hannon et al. 1991: 80), Systems Ecologist HT Odum (1994), ya ƙaddara Harshen Tsarin Makamashi akan ka'idodin makamashin muhalli . A cikin kuzarin muhalli, kamar yadda yake a cikin ɗan adam na muhalli, haɗin kai tsakanin haɗin gwiwa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin nau'i na gani (duba Patten et al. 1976: 460). Haka kuma, a sakamakon kwaikwayon tsarin muhalli tare da harshen tsarin makamashi, HT Odum ya ba da shawara mai cike da cece-kuce cewa za a iya fahimtar makamashin da ke tattare da shi azaman darajar, wanda a cikin kansa wani mataki ne a fagen ilimin kimiyyar tattalin arziki na siyasa da aka ambata a sama. == Duba kuma. == * Nazarin dabbobi. * Kiyasin Al’Ada. * Kallon kwayoyin halitta. * Yankunan Hazlitt a * Ilimin kwayoyin alkalami. * Yanayin al'adu. * Zurfafa ilimin halittu. * Tsarin kwararan. * Karin mace da kwararan. * Ilimin waka. * Tarihin muhalli. * Falsafar muhalli. * Ilimin yanayin siyasa. * Bayan ɗan adam. * Ilimin jima'i. * Tsarin muhalli. * Ka'idar darajar. == Bayanan kula. == <references /> #    #    == Manazarta. == {{refbegin|2}} * Italo Calvino, ''On Fourier, III: A Utopia of Fine Dust,'' The Literature Machine, Picador, London. * R. Eckersley (1996) ‘Greening Liberal Democracy’, in Doherty, B. and de Geus, M. ed. ''Democracy & Green Political Thought: Sustainability, Rights and Citizenship'', Routledge, London, pp.&nbsp;212–236. * R. Eckersley (1998) ‘The Death of Nature and the Birth of Ecological Humanities’, ''Organization and Environment'', Vol 11, No. 2, pp.&nbsp;183–185. * R. Eckersley (2001) 'Symposium Green Thinking – from Australia', ''Environmental Politics'', Vol.10, No.4, pp.&nbsp;85–102. * J.B. Foster and P.Burkett (2004) ‘Ecological Economics And Classical Marxism’, ''Organization & Environment'', Vol. 17, No.1, pp.&nbsp;32–60. * B. Hannon, R.Costanza and R.Ulanowicz (1991) ‘A General Accounting Framework for Ecological Systems: A Functional Taxonomy for Connectivist Ecology’, ''Theoretical Population Biology'', Vol. 40, 78-104. * A. Marshall (2002) ''The Unity of Nature: Wholeness and Disintegration in Ecology and Science''. London: Imperial College Press. * J. Martinez-Alier (1987) ''Ecological Economics'', Basil Blackwell. * K. Marx (1968), in ''Karl Marx: 1818/1968, a collection of essays'', Inter Nationes, Bad Godesberg. * H.T. Odum (1994) ''Ecological and General Systems: An Introduction to Systems Ecology'', Colorado University Press, Boulder, Colorado. * B.C. Patten, R.W.Bosserman, J.T.Finn and W.B.Cale (1976) ‘Propagation of Cause in Ecosystems’, in Patten, B.C. ed. ''Systems Analysis and Systems Simulation in Ecology'', Academic Press inc. New York. * S. Podolinsky (2004) ‘Socialism And The Unity Of Physical Forces’, ''Organization & Environment'', Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.&nbsp;61–75. * D. Rose and L. Robin (2004) 'The Ecological Humanities in Action: An Invitation', Australian Humanities Review, 31-2 * D.R. Weiner (2000) ''Models of Nature: Ecology, Conservation and Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia'', University of Pittsburgh Press, U.S.A. {{refend}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje. == * ''[http://environmentalhumanities.org/ Muhalli na Muhalli]'' (jarida) * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220524125616/http://www.resiliencejournal.org/ Resilience: Jaridar Muhalli na Muhalli]'' (jarida) * [http://environmental.humanities.ucla.edu/?page_id=52 "Menene Humanities na Muhalli?"] [http://environmental.humanities.ucla.edu Muhalli na Muhalli a UCLA] . * [http://www.environmentandsociety.org Muhalli & Al'umma Portal] * DE Nye, L. Rugg, J. Fleming, and R. Emmett (2013), " [https://web.archive.org/web/20160314122555/http://mistra.org/download/18.7331038f13e40191ba5a23/1378682257195/Mistra_Environmental_Humanities_May2013.pdf Takardar Bayani: Bayyanar Halittar Muhalli"] . Mistra, Gidauniyar Yaren mutanen [[Sweden]] don Binciken Dabarun Muhalli. * [http://environmentalhumanities.org/arch/vol4/4.12.pdf R. Hutchings (2014) 'Fahimtar da hangen nesa ga Muhalli na Muhalli', ''Muhalli Humanities'', vol. 4, shafi na 213-220] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202080139/http://environmentalhumanities.org/arch/vol4/4.12.pdf |date=2017-12-02 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060910043248/http://www.humanities.org.au/Policy/NRP/expandingRPpapers/GriffithsRP.pdf T. Griffiths 'The Humanities and An Environmentally Sustainable Ostiraliya', Shafi 1 a cikin Cibiyar Nazarin Bil Adama ta Australiya, "The Humanities and Australia's National Recipe Priorities', Rahoton da aka shirya don Sashen Ilimi na Commonwealth, Kimiyya da Koyarwa, Afrilu 2003] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] [[Rukuni:Muhalli daya danganci yancin dan Adam]] [[Rukuni:Muhalli]] nps5pkjly9x9tlqa1e6z171xkb3s093 0 34108 975516 722405 2026-11-03T10:03:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Finland''' [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ne]], addini, [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|ƙungiya]], da [[Yanci taro|taro]] kamar yadda doka da aikace-aikace suka kiyaye.<ref name="freedomhouse-2022">{{cite web |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/finland/freedom-world/2022 |title=Finland: Freedom in the World 2022 |publisher= [[Freedom House]] |year=2022 | access-date=2022-08-05}}</ref> Mutane suna da tabbacin haƙƙoƙin asali a ƙarƙashin kundin tsarin mulki, ta hanyar ayyukan majalisa, da kuma cikin yarjejeniyoyin da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam da gwamnatin Finland ta amince da su. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi tsarin shari'a mai zaman kansa.<ref name="freedomhouse-2013" /> [[Finland]] ta kasance a matsayi sama da matsakaicin matsayi a cikin ƙasashen duniya a cikin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democracyranking.org/downloads/2012/Scores_of_the_Democracy-Ranking-2012.htm |title=Scores of the Democracy Ranking 2012 |publisher=Global Democracy Ranking |year=2012 |access-date=2013-09-27 |archive-date=2018-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423023959/http://www.democracyranking.org/downloads/2012/Scores_of_the_Democracy-Ranking-2012.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> 'yancin aikin jarida, <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2013/finland |title=Freedom of the Press: Finland |publisher= [[Freedom House]] |year=2013 |access-date=2013-09-27}}</ref> da cigaban ɗan Adam.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/FIN.html |title=Statistics of the Human Development Report |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |year=2013 |access-date=2013-09-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128081803/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/FIN.html |archive-date=November 28, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] ta nuna damuwa game da wasu batutuwa a Finland, kamar zargin ba da izinin dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na CIA, daure masu adawa da aikin soja, da nuna wariya ga al'umma ga al'ummar Romani da 'yan tsirarun kabilu da harsuna.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/finland/report-2013 |title=Annual Report 2013: Finland |publisher= [[Amnesty International]] |year=2013 |access-date=2013-09-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm#wrapper |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012: Finland |publisher= U.S. State of Department [[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor]] |year=2012 |access-date=2013-09-27}}</ref> == Fage ==   A ranar 6 ga Disamba 1917, Finland ta ayyana 'yancin kai. A baya can, Finland ta kasance wani yanki na Sweden (1253-1808) sannan wani yanki mai cin gashin kansa na Rasha (1809-1917).<ref>https://aminiya.ng/tag/haya%C6%99i/</ref> == Tsarin adalci == === Hukuncin kisa === A lokacin zaman lafiya, a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kanta, tsarin shari'ar laifuka na Finland bai taba daukar hukuncin kisa ba. A cikin 1825, lokacin da Finland ta kasance ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta a ƙarƙashin [[Rasha]], an kashe Tahvo Putkonen. Wannan shi ne kisa na ƙarshe lokacin zaman lafiya. A shekara ta 1944, lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], an aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na karshe a lokacin yakin. === Bincika da kamawa === A karkashin dokar Finnish, ba a buƙatar sammacin bincike na kotu don 'yan sanda su gudanar da bincike da kamawa. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1987/19870450|title=FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: Kumottu säädös Pakkokeinolaki (kumottu) 450/1987|first=Edita Publishing|last=Oy|website=Finlex.fi|access-date=December 24, 2017|archive-date=December 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227205428/http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1987/19870450|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kotun kare hakkin bil adama ta Turai da Mataimakin Ombudsman na Majalisar Dokokin Finland sun yi suka game da binciken da bai dace ba da kuma kame da 'yan sandan Finland ke amfani da su.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oikeusasiamies.fi/Resource.phx/pubman/templates/2.htx?id=766 |title=EDUSKUNNAN OIKEUSASIAMIES &#124; Julkaisutyökalu |access-date=December 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202114934/http://www.oikeusasiamies.fi/Resource.phx/pubman/templates/2.htx?id=766 |archive-date=December 2, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aamulehti.fi/Kotimaa/1194769343671/artikkeli/laillisuusvalvoja+pakkokeinolaki+yha+puutteellinen.html |title=Aamulehti |access-date=December 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930030215/http://www.aamulehti.fi/Kotimaa/1194769343671/artikkeli/laillisuusvalvoja+pakkokeinolaki+yha+puutteellinen.html |archive-date=September 30, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> == 'Yancin magana == Tun da farko mai tunani mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma dan majalisa dan asalin Finnish Anders Chydenius, Sweden ta karbi daya daga cikin 'yancin aikin jarida na farko a 1766. Dokar dai ta soke aikin tauye rubuce-rubucen da aka yi a baya kafin a buga jaridu, duk da cewa cin zarafi da suka ga sarkin ya kasance haramun ne. Koyaya, aikin ya koma baya kuma an sake gabatar da shi sau da yawa. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.painovapaus250.fi/painovapaus-250-vuotta|title=Painovapaus 250 vuotta - Maailman ensimmäinen julkisuuslaki|website=Painovapaus250.fi|access-date=December 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130054230/http://www.painovapaus250.fi/painovapaus-250-vuotta|archive-date=January 30, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka na Rasha, gwamnatin daular Rasha ta yi amfani da shi. Tashin hankali na 1905 a Rasha ya haifar da bayyanar Nuwamba na Czar, wanda ya sake dawo da 'yancin yin magana da manema labarai. Tare da 'yancin kai, an sake tabbatar da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida a cikin sabon kundin tsarin mulkin kuma gabaɗaya ana mutunta su. Babban abin da ya ke banbanta shi ne furucin lokacin yaƙi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. An dakatar da wasu ayyukan hagu a cikin 1930s yayin da lokacin zamanin Finlandization, manyan kantunan labarai sun yi aikin tantance kai don kada suyi adawa da Tarayyar Soviet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vapaasana.net/artikkelit/2006/02/sananvapauden-ja-painovapauden-historia|title=Sananvapauden ja painovapauden historia|date=February 3, 2006|website=Vapaasana.net|access-date=December 24, 2017}}</ref> Sabo ya kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba, haka nan tunzura kiyayyar kabilanci. A watan Afrilun 2016 Yle mai watsa shirye-shirye na kasar Finland ya fuskanci matsin lamba daga Ministan Kudi Alexander Stubb da hukumomin haraji don mika bayanan da ke da alaka da kwararar bayanan Panama Papers. Wannan na iya kawo cikas ga 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a Finland da kuma damar kafofin watsa labarai a duk wani labarin da ya shafi cin hanci da rashawa a Finland. Alexander Stubb ya sha bayyana niyyarsa na gafartawa duk laifukan kudi da suka shafi wuraren haraji (lokacin karshe a cikin bayanansa yayin sauraron karar gwamnati a Majalisar dangane da takardun Panama).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/opinion_panama_papers_should_not_jeopardise_freedom_of_speech/8847030 |title=Opinion: Panama Papers should not jeopardise freedom of speech &#124; Yle Uutiset &#124; yle.fi |access-date=April 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430121343/http://yle.fi/uutiset/opinion_panama_papers_should_not_jeopardise_freedom_of_speech/8847030 |archive-date=April 30, 2016 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Hukumomin haraji na kasar Finland sun yi barazanar ba da sammacin bincike don kai samame a harabar Yle da gidajen ‘yan jarida domin neman abin da ake kira Panama Papers. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/taxman_threatens_to_search_yle_premises_in_pursuit_of_panama_papers/8848378 |title=Taxman threatens to search Yle premises in pursuit of Panama Papers &#124; Yle Uutiset &#124; yle.fi |access-date=May 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501014504/http://yle.fi/uutiset/taxman_threatens_to_search_yle_premises_in_pursuit_of_panama_papers/8848378 |archive-date=May 1, 2016 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Kimanin lauyoyin Finnish guda goma sha biyu ko ’yan kasuwa na Finnish sun yi aiki tare da Mossack Fonseca don gina kamfanonin haraji daga 1990 zuwa shekara ta 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yle.fi/aihe/ohjelma/mot-historian-suurin-tietovuoto-p-osa-2-1142016|title=MOT: Historian suurin tietovuoto – osa 2 - 11.4.2016 - MOT - yle.fi|website=yle.fi|access-date=December 24, 2017}}</ref> == Zabe da gudunmawar jama'a == A cikin 1907, Finland ta amince da zaɓe na duniya, wanda ya sa al'ummar ta zama ɗaya daga cikin na farko don ba da damar duk wani ɗan ƙasa balagagge, ba tare da la'akari da dukiya ko jinsi ba, don kada kuri'a da tsayawa zabe. A cikin yawan jama'a, 3.6% mazauna kasashen waje ne.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vaestoliitto.fi/tieto_ja_tutkimus/vaestontutkimuslaitos/tilastoja-ja-linkkeja/tilastotietoa/maahanmuuttajat/maahanmuuttajien-maara/ |title=Maahanmuuttajien määrä - Väestöliitto |access-date=2014-03-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023155123/http://www.vaestoliitto.fi/tieto_ja_tutkimus/vaestontutkimuslaitos/tilastoja-ja-linkkeja/tilastotietoa/maahanmuuttajat/maahanmuuttajien-maara/ |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |df=mdy-all }} Vaestoliitto.fi</ref> Tun daga 1917, an gudanar da kuri'ar raba gardama guda biyu. Na farko shi ne zaben raba gardama na haramcin Finnish na 1931 da na biyu, kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a ta Tarayyar Turai ta 1994 . Tun daga shekara ta 2012, ''yunƙurin ƴan ƙasa'' sun ba ƴan ƙasa damar neman majalisar ta yi la'akari da dokar da aka gabatar . Aƙalla magoya bayan 50,000 dole ne su sanya hannu kan takardar koke don ba da damar shirin ya ci gaba. Nasarar farko da 'yan kasa suka yi shi ne hana noman fur. An samu sa hannun mutane 70,000 da ke goyon bayan shirin a cikin wa'adin da aka kayyade. <ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/parliament_mulls_how_to_deal_with_citizens_initiatives/6534855 "Parliament mulls how to deal with citizens’ initiatives"] Yle.fi 13 March 2013.</ref> Shirin na biyu ɗan ƙasa shine don daidaita haƙƙin aure a 2013.<ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/gay_marriage_initiative_proceeds_to_parliament_with_162000_backers/6838641 "Gay marriage initiative proceeds to Parliament with 162,000 backers."] Yle.fi 19 September 2013.</ref> == Daidaito == === Hakkokin mata === Bayan [[Sabuwar Zelandiya|New Zealand]] da [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], Finland ita ce ƙasa ta uku da ta ba mata damar jefa ƙuri'a. A shekara ta 1907, Finland ita ce ƙasa ta farko da ta ba wa mata damar jefa ƙuri'a da kuma yin takara a zaben 'yan majalisa. Ministar mata ta farko da aka zaba a majalisar dokokin Finland ita ce Miina Sillanpää. Ta yi ministar harkokin zamantakewa ta biyu a shekarar 1926 zuwa 1927 a majalisar dokoki. Tarja Halonen, wacce ta yi aiki daga 2000 zuwa 2012, itace mace ta farko shugabar kasar Finland. A cikin 1878, a Porvoo, Charlotta Backman ta zama darektan mace ta farko na ofishin gidan waya. A cikin 1886, Vera Hjält (an haife ta 1857 - ta mutu 1947) ta buɗe wata masana'anta don kera benci na kafinta. A shekara ta 1903, ta zama mace ta farko a Finland da ta zama mai duba kasuwanci. An bukaci ta kawo karshen sabani da yajin aiki. Ta yi aiki don kawo karshen wariya ga mata a wurin aiki. Hjalt ya kasance dan majalisa tsawon shekaru goma. Tekla Hultin (an haife ta a shekara ta 1864) ita ce mace ta farko da ta sami digiri na uku daga Jami'ar Helsinki (sai ''Helsingin Keisarillinen Aleksanterin yliopisto)'' Ta ci gaba da karatu a [[Rasha]] da [[Faransa]] kuma ta kasance 'yar majalisa tsawon shekaru 15. (Mahaifiyar Hultin ita ma tana son yin karatu amma mahaifinta ya hana ta yin hakan.) Har zuwa 1926, matan Finnish da ke neman ofishin jama'a dole ne su nemi izini dangane da jinsi. Dangane da haka, ba a samu daidaito ba sai 1975.<ref name="Utrio">[[Kaari Utrio]], Kalevan tyttäret Suomalaisen naisen tarina, Amanita 1987 {{in lang|fi}}</ref> Matan Finnish za su iya gādo kuma su mallaki dukiya. Aurora Karamzin (1808 - 1902) ta gaji tsohon mijinta, dan Rasha, mallakar Paul Demidov. Bayan mutuwar mijinta na biyu, Andrei Karamzin, Karamzin ya gudanar da dukiyarta da dukiyar masana'antu. Ta shiga aikin tsaro na zamantakewa a Finland da Rasha kuma ta yi aiki a cikin ilimi da kiwon lafiya. A 1867, ta kafa ''Helsingin Diakonissalaitos.'' A ranar 6 ga Maris 1988, an naɗa mata na farko da suka zama firistoci a Cocin Evangelical Lutheran na Finland . An zabi mace ta farko da ta zama bishop a shekarar 2010. <ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/finnish_church_marks_25_years_of_women_priests/6532327 "Finnish church marks 25 years of women priests."] Yle.fi 11 March 2013.</ref> Har ila yau, a yau, Finland na kokawa da cin zarafin kare hakkin ɗan adam da ake yi wa mata. A kowace shekara a kasar Finland, mazajensu ko mazajensu sun kashe mata har ashirin. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama, ciki har da Amnesty International, sun soki rashin daukar matakai don cika ayyukan da ake bukata ga wadanda aka zalunta, da aka jera a cikin kudurin yarjejeniyar [[Istanbul]] . Samun damar yin amfani da waɗannan ayyuka duka yana iyakance rashin daidaituwa bisa ga wurin zama. ==== Daidaiton jinsi a wurin aiki ==== Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya nuna damuwa game da rashin daidaiton jinsi a cikin rayuwar aikin Finnish. <ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/finland_lags_behind_in_business_world_equality_for_women/6775957 "Finland lags behind in business world equality for women."] Yle.fi 14 August 2013.</ref> A shekarar 2013, bambanci tsakanin albashin da maza ke karba da wanda mata ke karba, don aiki daya, ya kai kashi 8 cikin dari. Masu daukan ma'aikata sun ba da karin horo ga maza, yayin da mata suka nemi horo fiye da maza. <ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/gender_wage_gap_persists/6529206 "Gender wage gap persists."] Yle.fi</ref> Dokar Finnish ta yi kira ga kamfanoni masu ma'aikata fiye da talatin da su yi shirin daidaita jinsi. A watan Agustan 2013, kamfanoni da yawa sun yi watsi da bin wannan doka. Duk da haka, ba a aiwatar da dokar da kyau ba. <ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/equality_of_sexes_poorly_enforced_at_workplaces/6778591 Equality of sexes poorly enforced at workplaces] Yle.fi 15 August 2013.</ref> Doka a cikin 1945 ta ba da izini ga albashin mata ya zama kashi 80% na maza a cikin aiki daidai gwargwado a Finland. A cikin 2018 wani mutumin Finnish ya sami fiye da € 70,000 a cikin shekaru goma idan aka kwatanta da mace Finnish.<ref>[https://www.menaiset.fi/artikkeli/ihmiset-ja-ilmiot/tyo-ja-raha/tarjolla-naistyovoimaa-16-alennuksella-miksi-mies-tienaa-yha Tarjolla naistyövoimaa 16% alennuksella! Miksi mies tienaa yhä omakotitalon verran enemmän kuin nainen?] Me Naiset 1.11.2018</ref> === Hakkokin yara === Finland ta amince da Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Yara (CRC). Samun yara suyi aiki ko bara haramun ne kamar yadda ake amfani da yara ba daidai ba.<ref>[http://yle.fi/alueet/helsinki/2012/04/helsinki_ei_hyvaksy_lasten_kerjaamista_3387474.html "Helsinki ei hyväksy lasten kerjäämistä."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408050501/http://yle.fi/alueet/helsinki/2012/04/helsinki_ei_hyvaksy_lasten_kerjaamista_3387474.html |date=2012-04-08 }} Yle.fi 5 April 2012.</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a buga yaro a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau. Ba a rubuta adadin da tarihin karuwai matasa a Finland ba. Saye ko yunƙurin siyan jima'i daga ƙaramin ƙarami laifi ne a Finland. Alhakin shari'a na aikin koyaushe yana kan mai siye. <ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/teen_prostitution_a_silent_problem_in_finland/6671108 "Teen prostitution a silent problem in Finland."] Yle News 3 June 2013.</ref> === Haqqoqin ‘yan qasar === A cikin Fabrairu 2013, Finland ba ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan Haƙƙin Yan Asalin Ƙasa ba ko Yarjejeniyar Ƙungiyoyin Yan Asalin Ƙasa da Ƙabila, 1989 (ILO-convention 169). <ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/finland_last_to_sign_indigenous_rights_treaty/6482421 "Finland last to sign indigenous rights treaty?"] Yle.fi 8 February 2013.</ref> A cikin Maris 2014, Finland ba ta amince da yarjejeniyar ILO 169 Sauli Niinistö, Shugaban ƙasar Finland, ya ce yarjejeniyar ba ta da wani tasiri. Duk da haka, mutanen Sami na arewacin Finland da Lapland ba su da wani haƙƙi na musamman, alal misali, haƙƙin filaye don kiwo . A cikin Oktoba 2011, Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi kira da a dakatar da kashe barewa a Nellim, Inari . Masu reindeer da Metsähallitus (Ma'aikatar gandun daji) sun yi jayayya kan wannan al'amari. <ref>"YK pyysi säästämään Nellimen porot" HS 27 September 2011. A6.</ref> A cikin 2019, Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya gano cewa Finland ta keta haƙƙin siyasa na Sámi, kamar yadda Kotun Koli ta Finland ta yi tun daga 2011 zuwa gaba, ta fara amfani da sharuɗɗan da ba na haƙiƙa ba lokacin da aka yanke izinin zama memba a cikin jerin sunayen zaɓe ga Majalisar Sami. <ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24137&LangID=E "UN human rights experts find Finland violated Sámi political rights to Sámi Parliament representation"], ''OHCHR News'', February 4, 2019. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref> === Hakkin LGBT ===   Finland tana tilasta haifuwa ga mutanen da suka yi aikin sake aikin jima'i . Canza jinsi na shari'a yana yiwuwa ne kawai lokacin da aka gano cutar tabin hankali kuma ba ta samuwa ga ƙananan yara. === 'Yancin addini === Kundin tsarin mulki ya ba da ’yancin yin addini, amma duk da haka alal misali har yanzu iyayensu ne ke ba da izinin zama membobin ƙungiyar addini na yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekara 18, don haka, a cewar wasu ƙungiyoyi, taƙawa ’yancin yin addinin yara. Yara ba za su iya zaɓar ko sun yi nazarin addininsu ko ɗabi'a ba (elämänkatsomustieto), amma an ƙayyade ko dai yaron yana cikin al'ummar addini ko a'a ko, a wasu lokuta, iyayensu. Wanda ba ya cikin al’ummar addini zai iya zabar ya yi karatun addini bisa radin kansa, amma wanda yake daya ba zai iya zabar tsakanin zabi biyu ba (kuma ba ya barin kungiyar addini ba tare da izinin iyaye ba) kuma a tilasta masa yin karatun addini. Ko da yake koyarwar addini a makarantu de jure ba ikirari ba ne, rahoton 'Yancin Tunani ya bayyana cewa "yana nuna son kai ko kuma ikirari kan iyaka". Ikilisiya da jihar ba su rabu sosai ba, kuma a cewar Humanists International da Freethinkers' Association, yana haifar da matsaloli tare da tsaka-tsakin gwamnati game da addinai. <ref name="Humanists" /> A cikin 2020, Babban mai gabatar da kara na Finland ya binciki shugaban Diocese na Evangelical Lutheran Mission Diocese na Finland kuma Sashen <ref>[http://evangelicalfocus.com/europe/5104/Leader_of_evangelical_Lutheran_denomination_investigated_for_distribution_of_booklet_on_homosexuality Leader of evangelical Lutheran churches investigated for distribution of booklet on homosexuality], ''Evangelical Focus'', February 12, 2020</ref> yan sanda na Helsinki ya kira shi ya ba da shaida saboda "ana tuhumarsa da laifin tunzura kiyayya ga kungiya" don sanyawa. ƙaramin ɗan littafin <ref>[https://www.lhpk.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Male-and-female-He-created-them.pdf Male and Female He Created Them] by [[Päivi Räsänen]], Lutheran Heritage Foundation, Macomb, Michigan</ref> a kan gidan yanar gizon yanar gizon kuma yana rarraba ta cikin coci. Littafin ya taƙaita koyaswar gargajiya akan al'amuran jima'i. <ref>[https://www.lhpk.fi/en/dean-of-diocese-to-preliminary-investigation-by-police/ Dean of Diocese to Preliminary Investigation by Police]</ref> == Soja da aikin farar hula == Mutanen Finnish maza suna yin aikin soja na tilas. Sabis na farar hula ya kasance watanni 13 a cikin tsawon lokacin yayin da ake yi wa aiki, kamar {{Interlanguage link|Conscript officer|fi|Reserviupseeri}}, ƙwararrun jami'ai da wasu ƙwararru kamar wasu ma'aikatan abin hawa sun yi watanni 12 kacal. Matsakaicin lokacin hidima a cikin sojojin shine watanni takwas. An yi adalci a rashin adalci  ta sa'o'in aikin da kowane rukuni ya yi. A shekara ta 2008, an canza tsawon lokacin aikin farar hula zuwa watanni 12. Domin ya rage fiye da mafi ƙarancin lokacin da ake kashewa a aikin soja, Amnesty International tana kallonsa a matsayin matakin ladabtarwa. Ƙari ga haka, {{Interlanguage link|Totaalikieltäytyjät|fi|Totaalikieltäytyminen Suomessa}} ana kai su gidan yari. A cewar Amnesty, fursunonin lamiri ne . == Kasuwancin makamai zuwa kasashen da ba su da demokradiyya == A cikin 2011, gwamnatin Finland ta ba da lasisin fitar da makamai zuwa kasashe ashirin da biyar wanda ya saba wa ka'idojin [[Tarayyar Turai]] . A cikin Oktoba 2011, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Finland ta ba da lasisin fitarwa don jigilar bindigogin maharbi da harsasai zuwa [[Kazakistan|Kazakhstan]] . <ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/finland_grants_arms_deals_to_human_rights_violators/6545170 "Finland grants arms deals to human rights violators."] Yle.fi 20 March 2013.</ref> == Ma'aikatan ƙaura == A shekara ta 2011, Finland ba ta sanya hannu kan [[Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Kare Haƙƙoƙin Ma'aikatan Hijira da Membobin Iyalansu|Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Kare Haƙƙin Dukan Ma'aikatan Hijira da Membobin Iyalansu]] ba. Ma'aikatan Estoniya, alal misali, ƙila ba a biya su kuɗin aikinsu ba. <ref>Sanomat H. "Virolaisilta huijataan palkkoja Suomessa." 3 April 2012. A4</ref> Bugu da kari, a matsayin misali, a watan Disamba na shekarar 2011, an umurci wani gidan cin abinci na kasar Sin da ke Ideapark Lempäälä ya biya Yuro 298,000 na asarar ma'aikatan bakin haure na haraji, albashi da kuma azabtarwa. <ref>Sanomat H. 13 December 2011. A9</ref> A cikin 2013, Lauri Ihalainen, Ministan Kwadago, ya yi kira ga daidaito a kasuwar aiki. <ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/minister_compares_underpaying_foreigners_to_slave_trade/6480014 "Minister compares underpaying foreigners to slave trade."] Yle.fi 4 February 2013.</ref> === Aikin gina tashar wutar lantarki ta Olkiluoto === A yayin aikin gina tashar makamashin nukiliya ta Olkiluoto, kungiyoyin kwadago sun bukaci daidaito a yanayin ma'aikatan kasashen waje. <ref>[http://www.kansanuutiset.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/2687263/ay-jasenyys-toi-potkut-puolalaisille-olkiluodossa "Ammattiliittojen työmaan saarto peruuntui viime hetkellä."] Kansan Uutiset 18 November 2011.</ref> <ref>[http://www.kansanuutiset.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/2695555/puolalaisille-hyvitys-olkiluodon-saarto-peruuntui "Puolalaisille hyvitys, Olkiluodon saarto peruuntui, Sovinnosta huolimatta kolmen miljoonan palkkakiista on vielä auki."] Kansan Uutiset 2 November 2012.</ref> A watan Nuwamban 2011, ma'aikatan 'yan ci-rani 'yan [[Poland]] a Elektrobudowa sun yi sabani game da albashin da ba a biya ba da kuma zama membobin kungiyar kwadago. Kungiyoyin kwadago sun kai kararsu kotu. An kori mutane 32 saboda shiga kungiyar kwadago ''Sähköliitto'' . <ref>[https://archive.today/20130213110003/http://www.ts.fi/online/talous/279178.html "Sähköliitto: Olkiluodossa irtisanottu liittoon kuulumisen vuoksi."] Turun Sanomat 18 November 2011.</ref> === Tauye hakkin dan adam a Thailand === Wani kwararre kan kare hakkin bakin haure dan Burtaniya Andy Hall (mai fafutuka) wanda ya yi aiki da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Finnwatch a kasar Thailand ta yanke hukuncin daurin shekaru hudu a gidan yari daga kotunan kasar saboda rahotonsa na cin zarafin bil adama a masana'antar sarrafa 'ya'yan itace ta kasar da aka fitar da kayayyakin a kasashen waje. Finland. <ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/finnwatch_rights_investigator_sentenced_in_thailand/9179152 Finnwatch rights investigator sentenced in Thailand] yle 20.9.2016</ref> Tuhumar da ta shafi buga wani rahoto mai arha yana da tsada a cikin 2013 na Finnwatch, wata ƙungiyar farar hula ta Finnish. Rahoton ya zayyana zarge-zargen cin zarafi mai tsanani, kamar yadda ake yin amfani da kananan yara, a kamfanin sarrafa abarba na Kamfanin Natural Fruit da ke lardin Prachuap Khiri Khan a kasar Thailand. Kamfanonin kasuwanci da yawa sun shigo da samfuran a Finland ( Kesko, Siwa da S Group ). <ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/suomen_ananasmehukohun_jalkipuinti_jatkuu_thaimaassa__tutkijaa_uhkaavat_miljoonasakot_s-ryhma_matkaa_todistamaan/9008489 Oikeutta ananastehtaan varjossa] yle 10.7.2016</ref> A cewar rahoton Finnwatch a shekarar 2015 Tokmanni ta kuma kasa tantance masu samar da ita yadda ya kamata da kuma yin taka-tsantsan game da haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin nata sarƙoƙin shigo da kayayyaki. A cewar rahoton na Great Oriental, ma’aikatan bakin haure ba su da biza ko izinin aiki kuma ana biyan su albashin ma’aikata ba bisa ka’ida ba. <ref>[http://www.finnwatch.org/images/pdf/TokmanniOwnImports.pdf On the borderline of responsibility. Case studies on the production of Tokmanni’s own imports products in Thailand] Finnwatch 10/2015</ref> == lamuran == A cikin Maris 2013, Erkki Tuomioja, Ministan Harkokin Wajen Finland ya bi sahun sauran kasashe wajen yin kira da a tsaurara matakan kiyaye hakkin dan Adam a Tarayyar Turai. <ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/finland_pressing_for_more_eu_human_rights_powers/6531172 "Finland pressing for more European Union rights powers."] Yle.fi</ref> A cikin 2014, Finnwatch ya zargi kamfanonin Finnish da yawa a ƙasashen waje sun aikata rashin da'a. <ref>[http://finnwatch.org/uutiset/124-suomen-otettava-ryhtiliike-yritysten-ihmisoikeusvastuun-varmistamisessa "Suomen otettava ryhtiliike yritysten ihmisoikeusvastuun varmistamisessa."] Finnwatch.org 28 January 2014.</ref> A cikin Janairu 2013, Open Society Foundations, wata kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Amurka, ta yi zargin cewa jiragen CIA sun yi tafiya ta [[Finland]] a asirce. Kungiyar Amnesty ta goyi bayan zargin. A cikin 2014, ''Kalla fakta'', shirin talabijin na Sweden, ya ruwaito cewa Stora Enso ya yi amfani da aikin yara a cikin ayyukan Pakistan kuma kamfanin ya san wannan daga 2012. === Kotun Turai ta Haƙƙin Dan Adam === A cewar Kotun Kare Hakkokin Bil Adama ta Turai a shekarar 2019 Finland ta keta hakkin dan Adam a shekarar 2017 lokacin da ta ki ba da mafaka ga wani dan Iraki da aka tasa keyar shi zuwa Iraki kuma aka kashe bayan 'yan makonni. <ref>[https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/court_rules_finland_violated_human_rights_of_murdered_asylum_seeker/11068398 Court rules Finland violated human rights of murdered asylum seeker] YLE 14.11.2019</ref> A ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2020, Kotun Kolin Turai (ECHR) ta ce ba za ta amince da bukatar wani ɗan ƙasar [[Afghanistan|Afganistan]] ba, inda ya zargi [[Finland]] da rashin ba shi mafaka da kuma izinin zama a ƙasar. == Duba kuma ==   * Haƙƙin ɗan adam a Turai * Fataucin mutane a Finland * Takaddama a Finland * Auren jinsi daya a Finland == Manazarta== <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.oikeusasiamies.fi/Resource.phx/eoa/english/ombudsman/tasks/more-humanrights.htx Shafin Farko] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008181445/http://www.oikeusasiamies.fi/Resource.phx/eoa/english/ombudsman/tasks/more-humanrights.htx |date=2010-10-08 }} na Wakilin Majalisar Wakilai na Hakkokin Dan Adam. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050502162100/http://formin.finland.fi/doc/eng/policies/humrights.html Hakkokin Dan Adam da Manufofin Kasashen Waje na Finland.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060313211702/http://web.amnesty.org/library/eng-fin/index Taskar Finland ta yi rahoton] a [[Amnesty International]] . * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081115065339/http://hrw.org/doc/?t=europe&c=finlan Rukunin Rukunin Ƙasa na Finland ya ba da rahoto] a [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] . * [http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2005&country=6737 Rahoton 2005 na Finland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201120200/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2005&country=6737 |date=2011-02-01 }} na Freedom House . * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060104212749/http://www.freemedia.at/wpfr/Europe/finland.htm Binciken 'Yancin Jarida na Duniya na 2004], Cibiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Duniya ta buga * [http://www.abo.fi/instut/imr Shafin] farko na Cibiyar Hakkokin Dan Adam a Jami'ar Åbo Akademi . * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060202005736/http://www.ihmisoikeusliitto.fi/tausta/introduction Kungiyar Finnish League for Human Rights] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060620084748/http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/196/ Laifukan tantancewa a Finland] - IFEX * [https://www.un.org/webcast/unhrc/archive.asp?go=080409#pm Bita na Finland] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Review Periodic periodic, 9 Afrilu 2008. '''Rahoton Shekara-shekara na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka''' * [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51551.htm Rahoton Yancin Addini 2005] * [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2004/35453.htm Rahoton Yancin Addini 2004] * [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/24356.htm Rahoton Yancin Addini 2003] * [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2002/13939.htm Rahoton Yancin Addini 2002] * [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2001/5645.htm Rahoton Yancin Addini 2001] * [https://1997-2001.state.gov/www/global/human_rights/irf/irf_rpt/irf_finland.html Rahoton Yancin Addini 2000] * [https://1997-2001.state.gov/www/global/human_rights/irf/irf_rpt/1999/irf_finland99.html Rahoton Yancin Addini 1999] * [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41680.htm Rahoton Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam 2004] * [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27836.htm Rahoton Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam 2003] * [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18364.htm Rahoton Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam 2002] * [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/eur/8250.htm Rahoton Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na 2001] * [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/eur/749.htm Rahoton Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na 2000] * [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/328.htm Rahoton Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam 1999] {{Finland topics}}{{Human rights in Europe}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gzuxim0pjohqa76mgcx71frs5qafyqi 0 34953 975338 891457 2026-11-02T20:41:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q20119890}} '''Francisca Oteng-Mensah''' (An haife ta 14 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar 1993)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanastar.com/news/meet-youngest-mp-ms-oteng-mensah/|title=Meet Youngest MP, Ms. Oteng-Mensah|date=2017-02-17|website=GhanaStar.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=154|title=Parliament of Ghana|website=www.parliament.gh|access-date=2019-03-02|archive-date=2023-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706225804/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=154|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'yar majalisar dokoki ce ta New Patriotic Party mai wakiltar mazabar Kwabre East kuma an santa da 'yar majalisa mafi karancin shekaru a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana a lokacin zabenta a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir John attacks 22-year-old Francisca Oteng-Mensah|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=362590|website=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2015-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=I won because of my message, not money – Francisca Mensah|url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/06/15/i-won-because-of-my-message-not-money-francisca-mensah/|website=citifmonline|accessdate=2015-06-16|first=Godwin Akweiteh|last=Allotey|archive-date=2015-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618125333/http://citifmonline.com/2015/06/15/i-won-because-of-my-message-not-money-francisca-mensah/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kasapafmonline.com/2016/12/photos-meet-youngest-member-parliament-francisca-oteng-mensah/|title=PHOTOS: Meet the youngest Member of Parliament Francisca Oteng Mensah {{!}} Kasapa102.5FM|last=Acquah|first=Edward|website=kasapafmonline.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-02|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044147/https://kasapafmonline.com/2016/12/photos-meet-youngest-member-parliament-francisca-oteng-mensah/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Glitz top 100 inspirational women – Page 100 – Glitz Africa Magazine|url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/glitz-top-100-inspirational-women/100/|access-date=2022-05-28|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526112709/https://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Francisca a asibitin Aboaso a Mamponteng,<ref name=":0" /> yankin Ashanti<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5334|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Oteng Mensah, Francisca|last=|first=|date=|website=ghanamps.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617053529/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5334|archive-date=2021-06-17|access-date=2019-03-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar 1993. Ita diyar Mrs. Joyce Oteng<ref name=":0" /> da Dokta Kwaku Oteng<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghana.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/individual-owners/detail/owner/owner/show/dr-kwaku-oteng/|title=Dr. Kwaku Oteng|website=ghana.mom-rsf.org|language=en|access-date=2019-03-02|archive-date=2022-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527220934/https://ghana.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/individual-owners/detail/owner/owner/show/dr-kwaku-oteng/|url-status=dead}}</ref> likita kuma hamshakin dan kasuwa wanda shine C.E.O na kamfanin Angel Group of Companies. == Ilimi == Francisca ta halarci makarantu daban-daban guda uku a lokacin karatunta na farko da na firamare. Da farko ta halarci Makarantar Katolika ta Mamponteng, sannan zuwa Makarantar Preparatory Revival a Breman sannan daga karshe zuwa Supreme Savior International inda ta kammala firamare shida. Ta kammala Junior High Education a Angel Educational Complex. Daga nan ta ci gaba da zuwa St. Roses Senior High School don kammala babbar sakandare. Kokarin da ta yi na neman karin guraben karatu ya tilasta mata shiga Kwalejin Shari'a a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST) inda ta karanta shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Francisca ta kasance shekara ta biyu a fannin shari’a a Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah a lokacin da ta tsaya takara a zaben shekarar 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Francisca Oteng-Mensah: I Had Wanted To Be A Politician Since Infancy|url=http://elections.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/201506/244899.php|accessdate=2015-06-16|first=Michael|last=Boateng|archive-date=2015-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721113256/http://elections.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/201506/244899.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aiki == Kafin nada ta a matsayin ‘yar majalisa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariya a rukunin kamfanonin Angel da ke Kumasi.<ref name="ghanamps.com">{{Cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5334|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Oteng Mensah, Francisca|website=ghanamps.com|access-date=2019-03-02|archive-date=2021-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617053529/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5334|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Disambar 2017 ne aka nada ta a matsayin shugabar hukumar kula da matasa ta kasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghananewsagency.org/sports/francisca-oteng-mensah-heads-nya-governing-board-126639|title=Francisca Oteng Mensah heads NYA Governing Board|website=www.ghananewsagency.org|access-date=2019-03-09}}</ref> == Siyasa == Ta lashe kujerar majalisar wakilai a mazabar Kwabre ta gabas a yankin Ashanti na Ghana, bayan babban zaben Ghana na 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanafuo.com/2016/12/meet-francisca-oteng-mensah-younges.html|title=Meet Francisca Oteng Mensah, the youngest parliamentarian in Ghana|last=davidmawuligh|date=2016-12-10|website=Ghanafuo.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616163224/https://ghanafuo.com/2016/12/meet-francisca-oteng-mensah-younges.html|archive-date=2021-06-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita ce mace mafi karancin shekaru da za ta kasance a majalisar tana da shekaru 23. Nana Akuffo-Addo ne ya zabe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ministar kula da jinsi da yara da zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boakye|first=Edna Agnes|last2=Boakye|first2=Edna Agnes|date=2022-08-02|title=Nana Addo nominates Lariba Zuweira as Gender Minister-designate, Francisca Oteng as Deputy|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/08/nana-addo-nominates-walewale-mp-as-gender-minister-designate-francisca-oteng-as-deputy/|access-date=2022-08-04|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> == Addini == Francisca Kirista ce kuma abokantaka da Majami'ar Ikklisiya ta Allah.<ref name="ghanamps.com" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 74vviiz0ag7dnxmu3lasiho79rk0fn6 0 36884 975459 959073 2026-11-03T05:14:11Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Cadbury_logo_new.jpg|Cadbury_logo_new.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 26 October 2026. 975459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Cadbury Nigeria PLC, Ondo.jpg|thumb|hoton cadbury]] [[Fayil:Cocoa - all about it (IA b21529590).pdf|thumb|Cadbury Nigeria Plc]] '''Cadbury Nigeria Plc''' kamfani ne na abinci, kayan [[Alewa|zaki]] da abin sha wanda ke da hedikwata a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], [[Najeriya]] kuma ana kasuwanci dashi a [[Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Najeriya|kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya]]. '''Cadbury Nigeria Plc''' reshen Mondelez International ne, daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin ciye-ciye a duniya. Babban samfurin kamfanin shine Bournvita kuma yana gasa tare da samfuran Nestle, GlaxoSmithKline da Promasidor. <ref>Cadbury [[Nigeria]] in Hot Drinks ([[Nigeria]]). Euromonitor International. 2017.</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Cadbury Schweppes a [[Najeriya]] ya samo asali ne tun a shekarun 1950 lokacin da ya fara aikin noman koko da kuma shigo da kayayyaki masu yawa tare da kuma mayar da shi cikin daloli domin sayarwa a kasar. Daga baya samun karuwar damar kasuwa a cikin kasar, kungiyar ta kafa masana'anta a watan Janairu 1965. <ref name="georgie">{{Cite book}}James., George, Olusoji (2011). Impact of culture on the transfer of management practices informer British colonies: a comparative case study of Cadbury (Nigeria) Plc and Cadbury Worldwide. [United Kingdom]: Xlibris. pp. 109–119. <nowiki>ISBN 9781456833770</nowiki>. OCLC 760937386</ref> Kamfanin ya zama kamfani da aka ambata a fili a shekarar 1976 lokacin da Cadbury Schweppes ya sayar da kashi 20% na sha'awar kamfanin. Zuba hannun jarin da kamfanin ya yi wajen haɗa sarkar samar da kayayyaki ya kai ga kafa masana'antar sarrafa dawa da masana'antun Stanmark a [[Ondo (birni)|Ondo]], masana'antar sarrafa koko. Stanmark yana ba da albarkatun ƙasa don babban samfurin sa, Bournvita kuma shine tushen kuɗin waje ta hanyar fitar da samfuran koko. A shekara ta 2006, reshen ya sarrafa tan 15,000 na wake dana koko a cikin man koko, barasa koko da kuma foda koko. A shekara ta 2006, kamfanin ya fitar da wata sanarwa da ke bayyana kuskuren kudi a cikin rahotanni na shekara-shekara da suka gabata.<ref name=":0">Superbrands (2007). "Cabdury [[Nigeria]]" (PDF).</ref> Nan da nan bayan bayyana hakan, babban daraktan kuɗi da daraktan kuɗi sun yi murabus daga mukamansu. Kamfanin daga baya ya sanar da cewa zai ɗauki nauyin kaya na musamman a kan ma'auninsa sakamakon kuskuren. == Alamomi == Manyan samfuran kamfanin sune Bournvita da Tom Tom. An gabatar da na farko a kasar a shekarar 1960 sannan kuma a shekarar 1970. Bayan kafa masana'antar masana'antu a 1965, kamfanin ya kashe kuɗi don tallata Bournvita, kuma a cikin wannan tsari ya haɓaka kason kasuwa na alamar. Daga baya Bournvita ya zama jagorar kasuwa a rukuninta. Don haɓaka buƙatun abinci mai gina jiki, a cikin 1994, kamfanin ya haɗa da mahimman bitamin da ma'adanai a cikin Bournvita.<ref name=":0"/> Sauran samfurori na kamfanin sun haɗa da Cadbury Eclairs, Malta sweets, Trebor da Peppermint asali.<ref name=":0"/> Abin sha ya ba da gudummawar kashi 58% na kuɗaɗen shiga a Shekaran 2018 kuma kayan zaki sun ba da gudummawar 26%.<ref>"Cadbury [[Nigeria]] rebounds to profit on higher sales, cost cutting". Beverage Industry News (NG). 2018-10-24. Retrieved 2018-11-02.</ref> Bugu da ƙari, yana sayar da Creme Rollers, Chocki, Hall Take 5 da Bubba Gum. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://ng.mondelezinternational.com Cadbury Nigeria PLC girma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516003610/https://ng.mondelezinternational.com/ |date=2021-05-16 }} 2olcfcbnap4xshiyzhzzm1llj5n46rh 0 39057 975395 606077 2026-11-02T22:17:07Z Salma Raddah 45959 975395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:4X-GMO LLMG 2017-01-06b.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Nigeria Airways 747-282B.png|thumb|jirgin airways]]{{Databox}} '''Sani Abacha International Airport''' ( filin jirgin sama ne da ke aiki a [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]] babban birnin [[Gombe (jiha)|jihar Gombe ta]] [[Najeriya]]. An gina shi ne a kan hanyar [[Bauchi (birni)|Bauchi]] zuwa Gombe ta kauyen Lawanti da ke karamar hukumar Akko, Gombe. An fara shirin ne a cikin 2005 kuma an ba da takardar shedar tashi sama a 2008, jirgin farko na kasa da kasa zuwa [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]]. Filin jirgin saman Gombe na iya daukar jiragen dakon kaya, filin jirgin saman Gombe Lawanti yana da tsawon kilomita 3.5 kuma yana iya daukar jiragen dakon kaya a lokaci guda. Filin jirgin saman yana da cikakkun kayan aiki na zamani kuma yana da tsaro kuma yana da aminci ga tafiye-tafiye na gida da waje.. == Jiragen sama da wuraren zuwa == {{airport-dest-list|[[Air Peace]]|[[Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport|Abuja]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flyairpeace.com/ |title=Home |website=flyairpeace.com |access-date=2022-11-21 |archive-date=2019-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516202735/https://flyairpeace.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>|[[Arik Air]]|[[Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport|Abuja]]|[[Azman Air]]|[[Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport|Abuja]]}} == Daukar nauyin da gwamnatin tarayya ta dauka a filin jirgin == Shugaban kasa [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya amince da karbe filin jirgin saman Gombe Lawanti da [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta yi]] . An bayyana hakan ne bayan ganawar da gwamnan jihar Gombe, [[Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya]] yayi da shugaba Buhari a ofishin sa dake fadar shugaban kasa ta Villa, Abuja. == Manazarta == [[Category:Filayen jirgin sama a Najeriya]] [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] frc012iu83z97txm9u6t620n1hw0y31 0 39140 975188 886178 2026-11-02T15:44:30Z Salma Raddah 45959 975188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[Fayil:The new sipi falls.jpg|thumb|sipi falls]] [[Fayil:Sipi falls uganda.jpg|thumb|sipi falls]]{{Databox}} '''Sipi Fallsm''' wani ruwa ne da aka samu a gindin Dutsen Elgon kusa da bakin [[Dutsen Jamahal|Dutsen]] Elgon National Park. <ref>Briggs, Philip; Roberts, Andrew (2010). Uganda. Bradt Travel Guides (6 ed.). Chalfont St. Peter: Bradt Travel Guides Ltd. ISBN</ref>Faduwar tana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ban sha'awa masu ban sha'awa a Gabashin kasar [[Uganda]] .<ref>Ham, Anthony; Atkinson, Brett; Bainbridge, James; Butler, Stuart; Carillet, Jean-Bernard; Clammer, Paul; Corne, Lucy; Filou, Emilie; Fitzpatrick, Mary; et al. (Lonely Planet, Michael Grosberg, Trent Holden, Jessica Lee, Nana Luckham, Vesna Maric, Tom Masters, Stephen Lioy, Virginia Maxwell, Helen Ranger, Brendan Sainsbury, Lorna Parkes, Caroline Sieg, Helena Smith, Regis St Louis, Paul Stiles) (2017). Lonely Planet Africa. Lonely Planet Global Limited.</ref><ref>Barlas, Robert; Griffin, Brett; Yong, Jui Lin (2019). Uganda. Cavendish Square. p. 136. <nowiki>ISBN 9781502647412</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Schumann, A.; Muwanga, A.; Lehto, T.; Staudt, M.; Schlüter, T.; Kato, V.; Namboyera, A. (March 2015). "Ugandan geosites". Geology Today. 31 (2): 59–67. doi:10.1111/gto.12089. ISSN 0266-6979.</ref> == Wuri == Faduwar tana cikin wata karamar cibiyar kasuwanci ta Sipi, wacce ke kan tsayin mita 1,775 a kan gangaren dutsen Elgon na arewa maso gabas, 55 kacal.&nbsp;km daga Mbale tare da kyakkyawan hanya mai faffada. Ƙauyen yana kallon [https://www.sipifalls.com/ Sipi Falls] mai tsayin mita 99, na ƙarshe a cikin jerin ruwayoyi guda uku da kogin Sipi ya yi yayin da yake gangarowa ƙasa daga saman tudun Dutsen Elgon zuwa Basin Kyoga . == Asalin Suna<ref>Briggs, Philip (2020). Uganda: The Bradt Travel Guide. England: Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 285–286. <nowiki>ISBN 9781784776428</nowiki>.</ref> == Sunan sipi ya samo asali ne daga kalmar 'sep', sunan wata [[shuka]] mai kama da ayaba da ke tsiro a gefen kogin Sipi. Sep yana da fulawar kore mai shuɗewa tare da ƙuƙƙun haƙarƙari mai kama da ayaba daji. Ita ce tsiron magani, ana amfani da ita wajen magance cutar kyanda da zazzabi. == Girman == Haɗin magudanan ruwa guda uku da suka rabu da tsaunin tuddai a Kapchorwa kusa da kan iyakar [[Kenya]]. Ruwan ruwa mafi girma da babba yana fadowa daga tsayin mita 95, yana ba da kyan gani. == Flora == Yankin Sipi Falls sananne ne ga kofi na Bugisu Arabica na gida. Bugisu Arabica yana tsiro ne kawai a tsayi tsakanin mita 1,600 zuwa 1,900. An shirya balaguron kofi ta hanyar jagorori masu ilimin noman kofi, sarrafawa da gasa su. Riba daga wannan yana zuwa ga ayyukan al'umma. == Ayyuka == A kewayen Sipi Falls, baƙi za su iya shiga cikin ayyuka daban-daban kamar; abseiling, hawan Dutsen Elgon, yawo, kallon tsuntsaye, balaguron kogo, tafiye-tafiyen zanen kogo da zango. Tafiya a kusa da faɗuwar ruwa suna ba da ra'ayoyi na filayen Karamoja, tafkin Kyoga, da gangaren Dutsen Elgon. Mutane na iya shirya tafiye-tafiye ta Hukumar Kula da namun daji ta Uganda ko masu zaman kansu na gida. Faduwar tana kewaye da koguna da hanyoyin ƙafa waɗanda ke ba da damar yin tafiye-tafiye da baƙi don ganin ɗimbin gonakin ayaba da kofi a kusa da magudanar ruwa tare da yin hulɗa da al'ummomin yankin na Bagisu da Sabiny People. == Isa can == Cibiyar kasuwanci ta Sipi tana da tazarar kilomita 45 daga Mbale a kan titin Kapchorwa. Masu tuka kansu dole ne su bi hanyar Kumi daga garin na tsawon kilomita 5 zuwa Namunsi, inda za su juya dama zuwa titin Moroto su bi ta tsawon kilomita 28 kafin su juya dama zuwa titin Kapchorwa a wata mahadar kilomita 1 da Muyembe. . Sipi yana tazarar kilomita 12 akan wannan hanyar. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}{{Commonscat|Sipi falls}}{{Hydrography of Uganda}} [[Category:Sipi falls]] q1dvedpfacnn7lwsy935tzqdpqodwnn 0 39170 975231 570984 2026-11-02T17:00:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Farouk Braimah''' ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma ɗan majalisa na biyu na jamhuriyar Ghana ta huɗu mai wakiltar mazabar Ayawaso ta Gabas.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Parliament – Greater Accra Region Election 1996 Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/parliament/greateraccra/index.php|access-date=8 October 2020|website=Ghana Elections – Peace FM|archive-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025141923/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/parliament/greateraccra/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Braimah yana da shekaru 61 tun daga ranar 6 ga watan Maris shekarata 2006. Ya kasance dan siyasar Ghana kuma dan majalisa na biyu a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana mai wakiltar mazabar Ayawaso ta gabas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=6 March 2006|title=Farouk Braimah is dead|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Farouk-Braimah-is-dead-100501|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=8 October 2020|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Greater Accra Region|url=http://www.ghanareview.com/parlia/GreaterAccra.html|access-date=8 October 2020|website=www.ghanareview.com}}</ref> Ya yi PHD a fannin Kimiyyar Siyasa. Ya kuma kasance mataimakin ministan muhalli, kimiyya da fasaha, Ghana. Ya kasance mai Dabaru ta hanyar sana'a.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=|url=https://ec.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1996-Parliamentary-Election-Results.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012135816/https://ec.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1996-Parliamentary-Election-Results.pdf|archive-date=12 October 2020|access-date=8 October 2020|website=1996-Parliamentary-Election-Results.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=01|url=http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80964e/80964E01.htm|access-date=8 October 2020|website=archive.unu.edu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013173914/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80964e/80964E01.htm|archive-date=13 October 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=6 March 2006|title=Farouk Braimah is dead|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Farouk-Braimah-is-dead-100501|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=8 October 2020|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> == Siyasa == An zabi Braimah a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai na biyu na jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana mai wakiltar mazabar Ayawaso ta gabas a kan tikitin jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress a lokacin babban zaben Ghana na 1996. A lokacin babban zaben Ghana na shekarar 1996 ya samu kuri'u 45,605 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 42.70 cikin 100 na yawan kuri'un da aka kada kan abokan hamayyarsa; Yussif Kwame Nkrumah na sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party wanda ya samu kuri'u 21,841 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 20.50% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada, Amadu Ibrahim Jebkle na babban taron jama'ar kasa shi ma ya samu kuri'u 9,669 da ke wakiltar kashi 9.10% na kuri'un da aka kada, Abdiel Godly Baba Ali dan takara mai zaman kansa. 3,575 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 3.40% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada, Ahmed Nii Nortey na jam'iyyar National Convention Party shi ma ya samu kuri'u 3,397 masu wakiltar 3.20% da Alhaji Ibrahim Futa na jam'iyyar Convention People's Party ya samu kuri'u 1,766 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 1.70% na yawan kuri'un da aka samu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Parliament – Greater Accra Region Election 1996 Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/parliament/greateraccra/index.php|access-date=8 October 2020|website=Ghana Elections – Peace FM|archive-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025141923/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/parliament/greateraccra/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Category:Matattu]] == Mutuwa == Braimah ya mutu a cikin Maris 2006 a Asibitin Soja na 37, Accra.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Braimah died of immune system failure – Daily Guide|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/96308/braimah-died-of-immune-system-failure-daily.html|access-date=8 October 2020|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=6 March 2006|title=Farouk Braimah is dead|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Farouk-Braimah-is-dead-100501|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=8 October 2020|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=8 March 2006|title=Braimah died of immune system failure – Daily Guide|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Braimah-died-of-immune-system-failure-Daily-Guide-100614|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=8 October 2020|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == 8rhp9epqpz2dqdql2qubkbjhla1xenj 0 40895 975309 973923 2026-11-02T18:52:28Z Zahrah0 14848 975309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Galileo''' di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de 'Galilei (an haife a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif 1564 zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Janairu shekara ta alif 1642), wanda aka fi sanin sa da '''Galileo Galilei'''{{Efn|English: {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɡ|æ|l|ɪ|ˈ|l|eɪ|oʊ|_|ˌ|ɡ|æ|l|ɪ|ˈ|l|eɪ}} {{respell|GAL|il|AY|oh|_|GAL|il|AY}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|ˌ|ɡ|æ|l|ɪ|ˈ|l|iː|oʊ|_|-}} {{respell|GAL|il|EE|oh|_-}}; {{IPA|it|ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛi|lang|small=no}}.<!--NOT [ɛːi]; the /ɛi/ sequence forms a diphthong [ɛi̯] and thus /ɛ/ is not long because it is not at the end of a word-internal syllable; see [[Italian phonology#Vowels]]-->}} ko kuma Galileo, masanin taurari ne na Italiya, masanin kimiyyar lissafi, [[Injiniyoyi|injiniya]] da kuma polymath.{{Efn|Though a [[Unification of Italy|unified Italian state]] did not exist and Galilei was instead a national of the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]], the Latin equivalent of the [[Italians#Name|term ''Italian'']] (''italus'') had been in use for natives of [[Italian geographical region|the region]] since antiquity.<ref>[[Pliny the Younger]], ''[[Epistulae (Pliny)|Letters]]'' 9.23.</ref> Crucially, the intellectuals and the bourgeoisie of the region self-identified as ''Italiani'' at least since the 14th century,<ref>[[Dante]], 5th Epistle.</ref><ref>[[Giovanni Boccaccio|Boccaccio]], [[The Decameron|Decameron]] II, 9</ref><ref>[[Catherine of Siena]], Letter 310</ref> and Galilei himself did.<ref>Galileo Galilei, Lettera di Galileo Galilei agl'Illustrissimi e Potentiss. Signori Ordini Generali delle confederate Provincie Belgiche, 1636, in Opere di Galileo Galilei, Società tipografica de' classici italiani, 1811, p. 268</ref>}} {{Spaced en dash}}An haife shi a Pisa, sannan wani ɓangare na Duchy na Florence . An kira Galileo uban ilimin taurari na lura, kimiyyar lissafi na gargajiya, Hanyar kimiyya, da Kimiyya ta zamani. Ya yi nazarin saurin gudu da saurin gudu, nauyi da Faduwar kyauta, ka'idar daidaituwa, inertiya, motsi na projectile, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin kimiyya da fasaha, yana kwatanta kaddarorin pendulum da "ma'aunin hydrostatic". Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu haɓaka farko na thermoscope kuma mai kirkirar Compasses na soja daban-daban. Tare da ingantaccen na'urar daukar hoto da ya gina, ya lura da taurari na Milky Way, matakai na Venus, manyan tauraron dan adam guda huɗu na Jupiter, zoben Saturn, Craters na wata, da [[Rashin rana|Sunspots]]. Ya kuma gina microscope na farko. Gwagwarmayar Galileo game da Copernican heliocentrism ta sadu da adawa daga cikin [[Cocin katolika|Cocin Katolika]] da kuma wasu masu binciken taurari. Roman Inquisition ya binciki lamarin a cikin 1615, wanda ya kammala cewa ra'ayoyinsa sun saba wa fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki da aka yarda da su.{{Sfn|Hannam|2009}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|2010}} Galileo ya kare ra'ayinsa a cikin Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1632), wanda ya bayyana don jayayya da satiriza Paparoma Urban na takwas, don haka ya nisanta Paparoma da Jesuits, waɗanda dukansu sun goyi bayan Galileo har zuwa wannan batu.{{Sfn|Hannam|2009}}Inquisition ta yi masa shari'a, ta sami "wanda ake zargi da ridda", kuma ta tilasta masa ya tuba. Ya shafe sauran rayuwarsa a karkashin tsare-tsare a gida.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1997}}{{Sfn|Hilliam|2005}}A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Matematiche, ya yi la'akari da wani nau'i na nuove scienze (Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences, 1638) da farko game da kinematics da ƙarfin kayan. == Rayuwa ta farko da iyali == An haifi Galileo a Pisa (a lokacin wani ɓangare na Duchy na Florence) a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu 1564, <ref name="Galileo Galilei">{{Cite web |last=O'Connor |first=J. J. |last2=Robertson |first2=E .F. |title=Galileo Galilei |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Galileo.html |access-date=24 July 2007 |website=The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive |publisher=[[University of St Andrews]], Scotland}}</ref> ta farko cikin 'ya'ya shida na Vincenzo Galilei, babban mawaki, kuma Masanin ilimin kiɗa, da Giulia Ammannati, 'yar wani fitaccen ɗan kasuwa, wanda ya yi aure shekaru biyu da suka gabata a 1562, lokacin da yake da shekaru 42 kuma tana da shekara 24. Vincenzo ya kasance wani ɓangare na Florentine Camerata, wanda ya kafa tushe ga sabon nau'in [[opera]]. Galileo ya zama ƙwararren ɗan lute da kansa.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}} Uku daga cikin 'yan uwan Galileo guda biyar sun tsira daga jariri. Mafi ƙanƙanta, Michelangelo (ko Michelagnolo), ya kuma zama mawaƙi da mawaƙa wanda ya kara nauyin kuɗi na Galileo ga sauran rayuwarsa.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}}Michelangelo bai iya ba da gudummawar rabon da ya dace na sadakar da mahaifinsu ya yi wa surukansu alkawari ba, wanda daga baya ya yi ƙoƙari ya nemi magungunan shari'a don biyan kuɗi. Michelangelo kuma a wasu lokuta dole ne ya ranta kuɗi daga Galileo don tallafawa ƙoƙarinsa na kiɗa da tafiye-tafiye. Wadannan nauyin kudi na iya ba da gudummawa ga sha'awar farko ta Galileo don haɓaka abubuwan kirkirar da za su kawo masa ƙarin kuɗin shiga.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}} Lokacin da Galileo Galilei ya kasance takwas, iyalinsa suka koma Florence, amma an bar shi a ƙarƙashin kulawar Muzio Tedaldi na tsawon shekaru biyu. Lokacin da Galileo yake da shekaru goma, ya bar Pisa ya haɗu da iyalinsa a Florence, inda ya zo ƙarƙashin kulawar Jacopo Borghini . <ref name="Galileo Galilei" /> Ya yi karatu, musamman a cikin tunani, daga 1575 zuwa 1578 a cikin Vallombrosa Abbey, kimanin {{Convert|30|km}} (19 kudu maso gabashin Florence.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=John Gribbin}}</ref><ref name="Gilbert, N. W. 1963 223–231">{{Cite journal |last=Gilbert |first=N. W. |year=1963 |title=Galileo and the School of Padua |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-history-of-philosophy_1963-12_1_2/page/223 |journal=Journal of the History of Philosophy |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=223–231 |doi=10.1353/hph.2008.1474 |issn=0022-5053 |s2cid=144276512}}</ref> Galileo ya saba kiran kansa da sunansa na farko. A lokacin, sunayen mahaifi sun kasance zaɓi a Italiya, kuma sunansa na farko yana da asali iri ɗaya da sunan danginsa na wani lokaci, Galilei . Dukansu sunansa da sunan iyali sun samo asali ne daga kakanninmu, Galileo Bonaiuti, wani muhimmin likita, farfesa, kuma ɗan siyasa a Florence a karni na 15.{{Sfn|Sobel|2000}}Lokacin da ya kira kansa da sunaye fiye da ɗaya, wani lokacin ana kiransa Galileo Galilei Linceo, yana nufin kasancewa memba na Accademia dei Lincei, ƙungiyar kimiyya mai daraja da aka kafa a cikin Papal States. Ya zama ruwan dare ga iyalan Tuscan na tsakiyar karni na 16 su ba da sunan ɗan fari bayan sunan mahaifiyar iyaye.{{Sfn|Sobel|2000}}Saboda haka, ba lallai ba ne a sanya sunan Galileo Galilei bayan kakansa Galileo Bonaiuti. Maza na Italiyanci da aka ba da sunan "Galileo" (kuma daga nan ne sunan mahaifiyar "Galilei") ya samo asali ne daga Latin "Galilaeus", ma'ana "na Galili". {{Sfn|Sobel|2000}}Wannan sunan na Littafi Mai-Tsarki ya zama batun (wanda ake zaton) pun.{{Efn|Maurice Finocchiaro, in the source referenced here for this "pun" story (Finocchiaro 1989, 330–331) states, "I am not aware of any direct documentary evidence [for this story], nor is any reference given by the various authors who repeat the story." He also notes that the earliest mention of the story seems to be 1773.}} A cikin 1614, a lokacin Al'amarin Galileo, daya daga cikin abokan adawar Galileo, firist na Dominican Tommaso Caccini, ya gabatar da wa'azi mai rikitarwa da tasiri a kan Galileo wanda ya yi ƙaulin Littafin Ayyukan Manzanni: "Ku mazajen Galili, me ya sa ku tsaya ku kalli sama?".{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}} === Yara ===   Ko da yake Katolika ne mai ibada, Galileo ya haifi 'ya'ya uku ba tare da aure ba tare da Marina Gamba: 'ya'yan mata Virginia (an haife su 1600) da Livia (1601), da ɗa Vincenzo (1606). {{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}} Saboda haihuwarsu ba bisa ka'ida ba, Galileo ya yi la'akari da 'yan matan da ba za a iya yin aure ba, suna buƙatar tallafi mai tsada ko sadaki mai yawa, kamar matsalolin kudi na Galileo da suka gabata tare da' yan uwansa mata biyu.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}}Hanyar da za a iya girmamawa ita ce rayuwar addini: sun zama nuns na dindindin a gidan ibada na San Matteo a Arcetri.{{Sfn|Sobel|2000}} Virginia ta ɗauki sunan Maria Celeste lokacin da ta shiga gidan ibada. Ta mutu a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1634, kuma an binne ta tare da Galileo a Basilica na Santa Croce, Florence . Livia ta ɗauki sunan Sister Arcangela kuma ba ta da lafiya mafi yawan rayuwarta. Daga baya aka ba da izini ga Vincenzo a matsayin magajin Galileo, kuma ya auri Sestilia Bocchineri . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Olaf Pedersen|last=George V. Coyne|title=Michał Heller}}</ref> == Ayyuka da gudummawar kimiyya ta farko == Kodayake Galileo ya yi la'akari da firist a matsayin saurayi, a kan shawarar mahaifinsa ya shiga cikin 1580 a Jami'ar Pisa don digiri na likita.{{Sfn|Reston|2000}}Jawabin Girolamo Borro, Domingo de Soto da Francesco Buonamici na Florence sun rinjaye shi.<ref name="Gilbert, N. W. 1963 223–231" /> A shekara ta 1581, lokacin da yake karatun likitanci, ya lura da wani kyandir mai juyawa, wanda iska ke juyawa zuwa juyawa a cikin manyan da ƙananan arcs. A gare shi, ya zama kamar, idan aka kwatanta da bugun zuciyarsa, cewa kandal ɗin ya ɗauki lokaci iri ɗaya don juyawa baya da gaba, ba tare da la'akari da yadda yake juyawa ba. Lokacin da ya dawo gida, ya kafa pendulums guda biyu daidai kuma ya juya daya tare da babban sweep ɗayan kuma tare da karamin sweep kuma ya gano cewa sun riƙe lokaci tare. Ba har sai aikin Christiaan Huygens ba, kusan shekaru ɗari bayan haka, an yi amfani da yanayin tautochrone na pendulum mai juyawa don ƙirƙirar daidai lokaci. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, an hana Galileo da gangan daga [[lissafi]], tunda likita ya sami kudin shiga mafi girma fiye da masanin lissafi. Koyaya, bayan ya halarci lacca ba zato ba tsammani game da lissafi, ya yi magana da mahaifinsa mai jinkiri don ya bar shi ya yi karatun lissafi da falsafar halitta maimakon magani.<ref name="Asimov" /> Ya kirkiro thermoscope, wanda ya fara amfani da thermometer, kuma, a cikin 1586, ya buga wani karamin littafi game da ƙirar ma'aunin hydrostatic da ya kirkira (wanda ya fara kawo shi ga hankalin duniya mai ilimi). Galileo ya kuma yi nazarin disegno, kalmar da ta ƙunshi fasaha mai kyau, kuma, a cikin 1588, ya sami matsayin malami a cikin Accademia delle Arti del Disegno a Florence, koyar da hangen nesa da chiaroscuro. A cikin wannan shekarar, a kan gayyatar da Kwalejin Florentine ta yi, ya gabatar da laccoci biyu, On the Shape, Location, and Size of [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s Inferno, a cikin ƙoƙari na ba da shawarar tsarin tsarin cosmological na Dante's Divine Comedy . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Len Fisher |date=16 February 2016 |title=Galileo, Dante Alighieri, and how to calculate the dimensions of hell |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/ockhamsrazor/galileo-mapped-dimensions-dante-inferno-hell/7164468 |access-date=9 January 2022 |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> Da yake an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar al'adun fasaha na birnin da ayyukan Masu zane-zane na Renaissance, Galileo ya sami kyakkyawan tunani. Yayinda yake matashi malami a Accademia, ya fara abota da mai zane na Florentine Cigoli . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ostrow |first=Steven F. |date=June 1996 |title=Cigoli's Immacolata and Galileo's Moon: Astronomy and the Virgin in early seicento Rome |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Article/Cigoli-s-Immacolata-and-Galileo-s-Moon--/0F2C437DF2829CF5 |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=MutualArt |language=en}}</ref><ref name="panofsky">{{Cite journal |last=Panofsky |first=Erwin |author-link=Erwin Panofsky |date=1956 |title=Galileo as a Critic of the Arts: Aesthetic Attitude and Scientific Thought |journal=Isis |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=3–15 |doi=10.1086/348450 |jstor=227542 |s2cid=145451645}}</ref> A shekara ta 1589, an nada shi a matsayin shugaban lissafi a Pisa. A shekara ta 1591, mahaifinsa ya mutu, kuma an ba shi kula da ƙanensa Michelagnolo. A shekara ta 1592, ya koma Jami'ar Padua inda ya koyar da lissafi, injiniya, da ilimin taurari har zuwa shekara ta 1610.{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}A wannan lokacin, Galileo ya yi muhimman abubuwan da aka gano a cikin kimiyya mai tsabta da kuma [[kimiyya mai amfani]]. Abubuwan da yake sha'awa da yawa sun haɗa da nazarin astrology, wanda a lokacin horo ne da ke da alaƙa da nazarin lissafi, ilimin taurari da magani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rutkin |first=H. D. |title=Galileo, Astrology, and the Scientific Revolution: Another Look |url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPST/colloquia0405.html |access-date=15 April 2007 |publisher=Program in History & Philosophy of Science & Technology, Stanford University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Battistini |first=Andrea |year=2018 |title=Galileo as Practising Astrologer |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021828618793218 |journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy |publisher=Journal of the History Of Astronomy, Sage |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=388–391 |bibcode=2018JHA....49..345. |doi=10.1177/0021828618793218 |s2cid=220119861 |access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Galileo ya shiga aikin injiniya na ruwa, yana samun takardar shaidar daga Jamhuriyar Venetian don famfo na ruwa mai amfani da doki a cikin 1594.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museo Galileo – Multimedia – Water-raising machine |url=https://catalogue.museogalileo.it/multimedia/WaterraisingMachineBis.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519231522/https://catalogue.museogalileo.it/multimedia/WaterraisingMachineBis.html |archive-date=2024-05-19 |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=catalogue.museogalileo.it}}</ref> === Ilimin taurari === ==== Supernova na Kepler ==== [[Tycho Brahe]] da sauransu sun lura da supernova na shekara ta 1572. Wasikar Ottavio Brenzoni ta 15 ga Janairu 1605 zuwa Galileo ta kawo supernova ta 1572 da kuma mafi ƙarancin haske na 1601 ga sanarwa ta Galileo. Galileo ya lura kuma ya tattauna Kepler's Supernova a cikin 1604. Tun da yake waɗannan sabbin taurari ba su nuna wani parallax na yau da kullun ba, Galileo ya kammala cewa taurari ne masu nisa, sabili da haka, ya karyata imanin [[Aristotle]] game da rashin canji na sammai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kollerstrom |first=N. |author-link=Nicholas Kollerstrom |date=October 2004 |title=Galileo and the new star |url=https://www.dioi.org/kn/NewStar.pdf |journal=[[Astronomy Now]] |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=58–59 |bibcode=2004AsNow..18j..58K |issn=0951-9726 |access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref> ==== Na'urar daukar hotuna mai banƙyama ==== [[File:Galileo_galilei,_telescopi_del_1609-10_ca..JPG|thumb|"Cannocchiali" telescopes a Museo Galileo, Florence, wanda ake zargi da zama telescopes na Galili (sama: 1610-1630; kasa: 1609-1640) ]] Wataƙila ya dogara ne kawai akan bayanin na'urar daukar hoto ta farko wanda Hans Lippershey ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba da izini a cikin Netherlands a cikin 1608, Galileo, a cikin shekara mai zuwa, ya yi na'urar kallon ido tare da kusan 3× girma.{{Sfn|King|2003}} Daga baya ya inganta fasalin tare da kusan girman 30x.{{Sfn|Drake|1990}}Tare da na'urar daukar hoto ta Galili, mai kallo zai iya ganin hotuna masu girma, masu tsaye a duniya - abin da aka fi sani da na'ura mai daukar hoto na duniya ko spyglass. Hakanan yana iya amfani da shi don lura da sama; na wani lokaci yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda za su iya gina telescopes masu kyau don wannan dalili. A ranar 25 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1609, ya nuna daya daga cikin na'urorin sa na farko, tare da girman kusan 8 × ko 9 ×, ga 'yan majalisa na [[Venezia|Venetian]]. Telescopes kuma sun kasance hanyar riba ga Galileo, wanda ya sayar da su ga 'yan kasuwa waɗanda suka same su da amfani a teku da kuma kayan kasuwanci. Ya buga bincikensa na farko na astronomical a watan Maris na shekara ta 1610 a cikin wani taƙaitaccen littafi mai taken ''Sidereus Nuncius'' (Starry Messenger).{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}} [[File:Sidereus,_nuncius_magna_longeqve_admirabilia_spectacula..._Wellcome_L0072633.jpg|thumb|Hoton wata daga ''Sidereus Nuncius'', wanda aka buga a Venice, 1610]] A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1609, Galileo ya yi amfani da na'urar daukar hoto a [[Wata]].{{Sfn|Edgerton|2009}}Duk da yake ba shine mutum na farko da ya lura da wata ta hanyar madubi ba (masanin lissafi na Ingilishi Thomas Harriot ya yi haka watanni huɗu da suka gabata amma kawai ya ga "baƙon tabo"), Galileo shine na farko da zai gano dalilin rashin daidaituwa kamar yadda haske ya ɓoye daga tsaunuka da craters na wata.{{Sfn|Edgerton|2009}} A cikin bincikensa, ya kuma yi sigogi na taswirar, yana kimanta tsawo na duwatsu. Wata ba abin da aka daɗe ana tunanin cewa cikakkiyar ma'ana ce ba, kamar yadda Aristotle ya yi iƙirarin, kuma kusan "duniyar" ta farko, "lu'u-lu'u ta har abada don hawa cikin sararin samaniya", kamar yadda [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]] ya gabatar. Wani lokaci ana yaba wa Galileo tare da ganowar litattafan wata a latitude a cikin 1632, kodayake Thomas Harriot ko William Gilbert na iya yin hakan a baya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephen Pumfrey |date=15 April 2009 |title=Harriot's maps of the Moon: new interpretations |journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=163–168 |doi=10.1098/rsnr.2008.0062 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mai zane Cigoli, aboki na Galileo, ya haɗa da ainihin kwatancin wata a cikin ɗayan zane-zanensa; mai yiwuwa ya yi amfani da nasa na'urar daukar hoto don yin kallo.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Watanni na Jupiter ==== A ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1610, Galileo ya lura da na'urar daukar hoto abin da ya bayyana a lokacin a matsayin "taurari uku masu tsayayya, gaba ɗaya ba a ganuwa ba saboda ƙanƙansu", duk kusa da Jupiter, kuma yana kwance a kan layi madaidaiciya ta hanyarsa.{{Efn|''i.e.'', invisible to the naked eye.}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}Bincike a daren da suka biyo baya ya nuna cewa matsayin waɗannan "taurari" da suka danganci Jupiter suna canzawa ta hanyar da ba za a iya bayyana su ba idan sun kasance Taurari masu tsayayyu. A ranar 10 ga watan Janairu, Galileo ya lura cewa daya daga cikinsu ya ɓace, wani kallo wanda ya danganta shi da ɓoye a bayan Jupiter. A ranar 13 ga watan Janairu ya ga abubuwa hudu daban-daban, kuma a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun ya kammala cewa suna kewaye da Jupiter: ya gano manyan watanni hudu na Jupiter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Moons: Our History of Solar System Satellites |url=https://www.mos.org/article/new-moons-our-history-solar-system-satellites |access-date=6 May 2026 |website=www.mos.org |publisher=Museum of Science}}</ref>{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}Wannan binciken ya ba da shaida a cikin goyon bayan tsarin heliocentric na [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]]. Galileo ya ba da sunan ƙungiyar taurari huɗu na Medicean, don girmama mai kula da shi na gaba, Cosimo II de 'Medici, Grand Duke na Tuscany, da 'yan uwan Cosimo uku.{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}Daga baya masu binciken sararin samaniya, duk da haka, sun sake musu suna tauraron dan adam na Galili don girmama wanda ya gano su. Simon Marius ne ya gano wadannan tauraron dan adam a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1610 kuma yanzu ana kiransu Io, Europa, Ganymede, da Callisto, sunayen da Marius ya bayar a cikin ''Mundus Iovialis'' da aka buga a shekara ta 1614.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pasachoff |first=J. M. |date=May 2015 |title=Simon Marius's Mundus Iovialis: 400th Anniversary in Galileo's Shadow |journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=218–234 |bibcode=2015JHA....46..218P |doi=10.1177/0021828615585493 |s2cid=120470649}}</ref> [[File:Carte_de_France_corrigée_par_ordre_du_Roy.jpg|thumb|Taswirar Faransa da aka gabatar a cikin 1684, yana nuna tsarin taswirar da ta gabata (bayani mai haske) idan aka kwatanta da sabon binciken da aka gudanar ta amfani da watanni na Jupiter a matsayin daidai lokacin (bayani mafi nauyi) ]] Binciken da Galileo ya yi game da tauraron dan adam na Jupiter ya haifar da gardama a cikin ilimin taurari: duniyar da ke da ƙananan taurari da ke kewaye da ita ba ta dace da ka'idodin Ilimin sararin samaniya na Aristotle ba, wanda ya yi imanin cewa duk abubuwan da ke sama ya kamata su kewaye Duniya, kuma yawancin masanan taurari da falsafa da farko sun ki yarda cewa Galileo na iya gano irin wannan abu.{{Sfn|Linton|2004}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}Da yake kara wannan matsala, wasu masu binciken sararin samaniya suna da wahalar tabbatar da abubuwan da Galileo ya lura. Lokacin da ya nuna na'urar daukar hoto a Bologna, masu halarta sun yi ƙoƙari su ga watannin. Ɗaya daga cikinsu, Martin Horky, ya lura cewa wasu taurari masu tsayayya, kamar Spica Virginis, sun bayyana sau biyu ta hanyar madubi. Ya ɗauki wannan a matsayin shaida cewa kayan aikin yaudara ne yayin kallon sammai, yana jefa shakku game da wanzuwar watannin.{{Sfn|Feyerabend|1975}}{{Sfn|Naess|2004}}Cibiyar lura da Christopher Clavius a Roma ta tabbatar da abubuwan da aka lura kuma, kodayake ba ta da tabbacin yadda za a fassara su, ta ba Galileo maraba da jarumi lokacin da ya ziyarci shekara mai zuwa.{{Sfn|Hannam|2009}}Galileo ya ci gaba da lura da tauraron dan adam a cikin watanni goma sha takwas masu zuwa, kuma a tsakiyar shekara ta 1611, ya sami ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun lokuta don lokutan su - aikin da [[Johannes Kepler]] ya yi imanin ba zai yiwu ba.{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}} Galileo ya ga amfani mai amfani ga bincikensa. Tabbatar da matsayin gabas da yamma na jiragen ruwa a teku ya buƙaci a haɗa agogo tare da agogo a farkon meridian. Warware wannan matsalar tana da matukar muhimmanci ga kewayawa mai aminci kuma Spain da Holland sun kafa manyan kyaututtuka don mafita. Tun da yake hasken rana na watannin da ya gano ya kasance sau da yawa kuma ana iya hango lokutan su da cikakken daidaito, ana iya amfani da su don saita agogo na jirgin ruwa kuma Galileo ya nemi kyaututtuka. Binciken watanni daga jirgin ruwa ya zama da wahala sosai, amma an yi amfani da hanyar don binciken ƙasa, gami da sake fasalin Faransa.<ref name="rgm">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2014 |title=Solving Longitude: Jupiter's Moons |url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/solving-longitude-jupiters-moons |publisher=[[Royal Museums Greenwich]]}}</ref> ==== Matakai na Venus ==== Daga Satumba 1610, Galileo ya lura cewa Venus tana nuna cikakken tsari na matakai masu kama da na wata. Tsarin heliocentric na Copernicus na [[Tsarin hasken rana|Tsarin hasken]] [[Rana]] ya yi hasashen cewa duk matakai za su kasance bayyane tun lokacin da Venus ke kewaye da Rana zai sa haskensa ya fuskanci Duniya lokacin da yake a gefen Rana kuma ya fuskanci duniya lokacin da yake kan gefen Duniya na Rana. A cikin Tsarin Ptolemy na geocentric, ba zai yiwu ba ga kowane bangare na taurari ya haɗu da harsashi mai ɗauke da Rana. A al'adance, an sanya orbit na Venus gaba ɗaya a gefen kusa da Sun, inda zai iya nuna kawai crescent da sababbin matakai. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a sanya shi gaba ɗaya a gefen nesa na Rana, inda zai iya nuna kawai gibbous da cikakkun matakai. Bayan binciken da Galileo ya yi game da crescent, gibbous da cikakkun matakai na Venus, tsarin Ptolemaic ya zama wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=David Wootton (historian)}}</ref> A farkon karni na 17, sakamakon bincikensa, yawancin masu binciken taurari sun canza zuwa ɗaya daga cikin samfuran duniya daban-daban, kamar Tychonic, Capellan da Extended Capellan, kowannensu ko dai tare da ko ba tare da duniya mai juyawa ba.{{Efn|In the Capellan model only Mercury and Venus orbit the Sun, whilst in its extended version such as expounded by Riccioli, Mars also orbits the Sun, but the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn are centred on the Earth.}} Wadannan duk sun bayyana matakai na Venus ba tare da 'karyata' cikakken hasashen heliocentrism na parallax na taurari ba.{{Sfn|Thoren|1989}}{{Sfn|Hoskin|1999}} ==== Saturn da Neptune ==== A cikin 1610, Galileo ya kuma lura da Saturn, kuma da farko ya yi kuskuren zoben sa don taurari, yana tunanin tsarin jiki uku ne. Lokacin da ya lura da duniyar daga baya, zoben Saturn sun daidaita kai tsaye zuwa Duniya, wanda ya sa ya yi tunanin cewa biyu daga cikin jikin sun ɓace. Zob din ya sake bayyana lokacin da ya lura da duniyar a cikin 1616, ya kara rikitar da shi. Galileo ya lura da [[Neptune]] a cikin 1612. Ya bayyana a cikin litattafansa a matsayin daya daga cikin taurari masu yawa. Bai fahimci cewa duniyar ce ba, amma ya lura da motsi dangane da taurari kafin ya rasa hanyarsa.{{Sfn|Drake|Kowal|1980}} ==== Rashin rana ==== Galileo ya yi nazarin ido da ido na ido na rana. Rayuwarsu ta haifar da wata matsala tare da kammalawar sammai kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin ilimin lissafi na sama na Aristotle. Wani bambancin shekara-shekara a cikin hanyoyin su, wanda Francesco Sizzi da sauransu suka lura a cikin 1612-1613, kuma ya ba da wata hujja mai ƙarfi game da tsarin Ptolemaic da tsarin geoheliocentric na Tycho Brahe.{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Efn|In geostatic systems the apparent annual variation in the motion of sunspots could only be explained as the result of an implausibly complicated precession of the Sun's axis of rotation.{{sfn |Linton |2004 |p=212}}{{sfn |Sharratt |1994 |p=166}}{{sfn |Drake |1970 |pp=191–196}} This did not apply, however, to the modified version of Tycho's system introduced by his protégé, [[Longomontanus]], in which the Earth was assumed to rotate. Longomontanus's system could account for the apparent motions of sunspots just as well as the Copernican.}} Rikici game da da da'awar fifiko a cikin gano sunspots, kuma a cikin fassararsu, ya jagoranci Galileo zuwa dogon rikici tare da Jesuit Christoph Scheiner. A tsakiya shine Mark Welser, wanda Scheiner ya sanar da bincikensa, kuma wanda ya tambayi Galileo don ra'ayinsa. Dukansu biyu ba su san abubuwan da Johannes Fabricius ya lura da su ba da kuma buga sunspots.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}} ==== Milky Way da taurari ==== Galileo ya lura da Milky Way, wanda a baya aka yi imanin cewa ba shi da kyau, kuma ya gano cewa tarin taurari ne da suka cika sosai har suka bayyana daga Duniya don zama girgije. Ya gano wasu taurari da yawa da suka yi nisa da ba za a iya gani da ido ba. Ya lura da tauraron biyu Mizar a Ursa Major a cikin 1617 . {{Sfn|Ondra|2004}} A cikin Starry Messenger, Galileo ya ba da rahoton cewa taurari sun bayyana a matsayin hasken haske kawai, wanda ba a canza shi ba ta hanyar madubi, kuma ya bambanta su da taurari, wanda madubi ya bayyana a matsayin diski. Amma ba da daɗewa ba, a cikin wasiƙunsa a kan Sunspots, ya ba da rahoton cewa na'urar daukar hoto ta bayyana siffofin taurari da taurari su zama "kyakkyawan zagaye". Daga wannan batu zuwa gaba, ya ci gaba da bayar da rahoton cewa telescopes sun nuna zagaye na taurari, kuma cewa taurari da aka gani ta hanyar telescope sun auna 'yan seconds na arc a diamita.{{Sfn|Graney|2010}}{{Sfn|Graney|Grayson|2011}}Ya kuma kirkiro wata hanya don auna girman tauraron ba tare da na'urar daukar hoto ba. Hanyar da ya yi ita ce rataye igiya mai laushi a cikin layin gani ga tauraron kuma ya auna iyakar nisan da zai rufe tauraron gaba ɗaya. Daga ma'aunin wannan nisan da faɗin igiyar, zai iya lissafin kusurwar da tauraron ya yi a wurin kallon sa.{{Sfn|Van Helden|1985}}{{Sfn|Chalmers|1999}}{{Sfn|Galilei|1953}} A cikin ''Tattaunawa'', ya ba da rahoton cewa ya sami bayyanar diamita na tauraron farko ba fiye da ⁵ arcseconds ba, kuma na ɗaya daga cikin na shida ya zama kusan 5/₆ arcsecondes. Kamar yawancin masanan taurari na zamaninsa, Galileo bai gane cewa girman taurari da ya auna ba gaskiya ba ne, wanda ya haifar da karkatarwa da rikicewar yanayi, kuma bai wakilci girman taurari na gaskiya ba. Koyaya, dabi'un Galileo sun fi ƙanƙantawa da suka gabata game da girman taurari masu haske, kamar waɗanda Brahe ya yi, kuma ya ba Galileo damar magance muhawarar adawa da Copernican kamar waɗanda Tycho ya yi cewa waɗannan taurari dole ne su kasance masu girma sosai don parallaxes na shekara-shekara ba za a iya gano su ba.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}{{Sfn|Galilei|1953}}{{Sfn|Ondra|2004}}Sauran masanan taurari kamar Simon Marius, Giovanni Battista Riccioli, da Martinus Hortensius sun yi irin wannan ma'auni na taurari, kuma Marius da Riccioli sun kammala cewa ƙananan girman ba su da isasshen amsa gardamar Tycho.{{Sfn|Graney|2010}}{{Sfn|Graney|Grayson|2011}} === Ka'idar raƙuman ruwa === [[File:Galileo_Galilei,_1564-1642_RMG_BHC2699.tiff|thumb|Galileo Galilei, hoton da Francesco Porcia ya yi]] Kadanal Bellarmine ya rubuta a cikin 1615 cewa ba za a iya kare Tsarin Copernican ba tare da "ainihin zahiri na gaskiya cewa rana ba ta kewaye duniya amma duniya ta kewaye rana ba".{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}Galileo ya yi la'akari da ka'idarsa game da raƙuman ruwa don samar da irin wannan shaidar.{{Sfn|Naylor|2007}}Wannan ka'idar tana da mahimmanci a gare shi cewa Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1632), an kira shi da farko Dialogue on the Ebb and Flow of the Sea.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}An cire ambaton raƙuman ruwa daga taken ta hanyar umarnin Inquisition.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}} Ga Galileo, raƙuman ruwa sun samo asali ne daga ruwa da ruwa a cikin teku yayin da wani batu a saman duniya ya yi sauri kuma ya ragu saboda juyawa na duniya a kan axis da juyawa a kusa da Sun. Ya rarraba labarinsa na farko game da raƙuman ruwa a cikin 1616, wanda aka yi wa Kadanal Orsini.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}Ka'idarsa ta ba da haske game da muhimmancin siffofin tafkin teku a cikin girman da lokacin raƙuman ruwa; ya lissafa, alal misali, ga raƙuman da ba a kula da su ba a tsakiyar Tekun Adriatic idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke ƙarshen.{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Naylor|2007}} Ka'idar Galileo, duk da haka, ta kasa bayyana abubuwan da aka lura da raƙuman ruwa. Yana nuna kawai babban ruwa daya a kowace rana, kuma a cikin asusunsa na 1616, ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan ya faru ne a cikin Tekun Atlantika.{{Sfn|Naylor|2007}}Ya danganta manyan raƙuman ruwa guda biyu da aka gani a [[Venezia|Venice]] da sauran wurare ga dalilai na biyu, gami da siffar teku, zurfinta, da sauran dalilai.{{Sfn|Naylor|2007}}{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}{{Sfn|Galilei|1953}}Koyaya, raƙuman ruwa suna faruwa sau biyu a kowace rana a cikin Tekun Atlantika da mafi yawan teku. Bayan ya koyi wannan, Galileo ya gabatar da ka'idarsa a cikin ''Tattaunawa'' ba tare da ambaton Atlantic ko wasu wurare tare da raƙuman ruwa sau ɗaya a kowace rana ba, ya bar tambayoyin raƙuman yau da kullun ba a warware su ba.{{Sfn|Graney|2024}}Ya kuma watsar da ra'ayin, wanda aka sani daga zamanin d ̄ a da kuma na zamani Johannes Kepler, cewa [[Wata]] ta haifar da raƙuman ruwa, wanda shine tushen ka'idodin zamani.{{Sfn|Galilei|1953}} === Rikici game da comets da The Assayer''Mai Bincike'' === A shekara ta 1619, Galileo ya shiga cikin gardama tare da Uba Orazio Grassi, farfesa na lissafi a Jesuit Collegio Romano . Ya fara ne a matsayin jayayya game da yanayin comets, amma a lokacin da Galileo ya buga ''Il Saggiatore'' (The Assayer) a cikin 1623, sautin karshe a cikin jayayya, ya zama jayayya mai yawa game da yanayin kimiyya kanta. Shafin taken littafin ya bayyana Galileo a matsayin masanin falsafa da "Matematico Primario" na Grand Duke na Tuscany . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Career as a Scientist {{!}} Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) {{!}} Stories Preschool |url=https://www.storiespreschool.com/galileo_galilei1.html |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=www.storiespreschool.com}}</ref> Saboda The Assayer ya ƙunshi irin wannan wadataccen ra'ayoyin Galileo game da yadda ya kamata a yi kimiyya, an kira shi a matsayin bayanin kimiyya.{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}A farkon shekara ta 1619, Uba Grassi ya buga wani ɗan littafin, An Astronomical Disputation on the Three Comets of the Year 1618, wanda ya tattauna yanayin comet wanda ya bayyana a ƙarshen Nuwamba na shekarar da ta gabata.{{Sfn|Grassi|1960a}} Grassi ya kammala cewa comet wani abu ne mai cin wuta wanda ya motsa tare da wani sashi na babban da'irar a nesa da duniya, kuma tun da yake ya motsa a sama da sannu a hankali fiye da Wata, dole ne ya fi nesa da Wata.{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Grassi|1960a}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}} An soki hujjojin Grassi da ƙaddamarwa a cikin wata kasida ta gaba, Discourse on Comets, wanda aka buga a ƙarƙashin sunan ɗaya daga cikin almajiran Galileo, lauyan Florentine mai suna Mario Guiducci, kodayake Galileo da kansa ne ya rubuta shi. {{Sfn|Galilei|Guiducci|1960}}{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}Galileo da Guiducci ba su ba da wata ka'ida ta ainihi game da yanayin comets ba, kodayake sun gabatar da wasu ƙididdigar da aka sani yanzu sun yi kuskure.{{Sfn|Drake|1957}}{{Sfn|Drake|1960}} (Tayhin da ya dace don nazarin comets an gabatar da shi a lokacin ta hanyar Tycho Brahe.) A cikin sashi na buɗewa, ''Magana'' ta Galileo da Guiducci sun zagi Jesuit Christoph Scheiner, kuma maganganu daban-daban marasa ladabi game da farfesa na Collegio Romano sun warwatse a cikin aikin.{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}{{Sfn|Galilei|Guiducci|1960}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}Jesuits sun yi fushi, kuma nan da nan Grassi ya amsa da wata takarda mai rikitarwa ta kansa, The Astronomical and Philosophical Balance, a karkashin sunan Lothario Sarsio Sigensano, yana da'awar kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibansa.{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}{{Sfn|Grassi|1960b}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Grassi|1960b}}Mai ba da shawara shine amsar Galileo mai banƙyama ga Ma'aunin Astronomical.{{Sfn|Galilei|Guiducci|1960}}An san shi sosai a matsayin babban aikin wallafe-wallafen jayayya, wanda ke fuskantar muhawara ta "Sarsi".{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Drake|1957}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}An gaishe shi da yabo mai yawa kuma musamman ya faranta wa sabon shugaban Kirista, Urban na takwas rai, wanda aka keɓe shi.{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}A Roma, a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, Barberini, Urban na takwas na gaba, ya sauka a gefen Galileo da Kwalejin Lincean.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Amir Alexander}}</ref> Rashin jituwa da Grassi ya rabu da Jesuits da yawa har abada, kuma Galileo da abokansa sun gamsu cewa suna da alhakin kawo hukuncin da ya yi daga baya, kodayake tabbatar da wannan ba cikakke ba ne.{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Blackwell|2006}} === Rikici game da tsakiya na rana === [[File:Galileo_facing_the_Roman_Inquisition.jpg|thumb|Hoton Cristiano Banti na 1857 Galileo yana fuskantar Inquisition na Roma''Galileo yana fuskantar tuhumar RomawaBinciken Roman'']] A lokacin rikici na Galileo da Ikilisiya, Yakin addini da Counter-Reformation sun tayar da Turai. Yawancin mutanen da suka yi karatu sun yi rajista ga ra'ayin Aristotelian geocentric cewa Duniya ita ce Cibiyar sararin samaniya da kuma hanyoyin dukkan abubuwa na sama, ko sabon tsarin Tycho Brahe wanda ya haɗu da geocentrism tare da heliocentrisms.{{Sfn|Hannam|2009}}Rubuce-rubucen Galileo game da heliocentrism sun fuskanci ƙin yarda na addini da kimiyya. Hamayya ta addini ta samo asali ne daga ayoyin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da ke nuna yanayin duniya.{{Efn|Such passages include [[Psalms|Psalm]] [[s:Bible (World English)/Psalms#Psalm 93|93:1]], [[s:Bible (World English)/Psalms#Psalm 96|96:10]], and [[Books of Chronicles|1 Chronicles]] [[s:Bible (World English)/1 Chronicles#Chapter 16|16:30]] which include text stating, "The world also is established. It can not be moved." In the same manner, [[s:Bible (World English)/Psalms#Psalm 104|Psalm 104:5]] says, "He (the Lord) laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be moved forever." Further, [[Ecclesiastes]] [[s:Bible (World English)/Ecclesiastes#Chapter 1|1:5]] states, "The sun also rises, and the sun goes down, and hurries to its place where it rises", and [[Book of Joshua|Joshua]] 10:14 states, "Sun, stand still on Gibeon...".{{sfn |Brodrick |1965 |p=95}}}} Hamayya ta kimiyya ta fito ne daga Brahe, wanda ya yi jayayya cewa heliocentrism zai nuna parallax na shekara-shekara, kodayake babu wanda aka lura a lokacin.{{Efn|The discovery of the [[Aberration (astronomy)|aberration of light]] by [[James Bradley]] in January 1729 was the first conclusive evidence for the movement of the Earth, and hence for [[Aristarchus of Samos|Aristarchus]], Copernicus and Kepler's theories; it was announced in January 1729.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bradley |first=James |date=1728 |title=A Letter from the Reverend Mr. James Bradley Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford, and F.R.S. to Dr. Edmond Halley Astronom. Reg. &c. Giving an Account of a New Discovered Motion of the Fix'd Stars |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London |volume=35 |issue=406 |pages=637–661 |doi=10.1098/rstl.1727.0064}}</ref> The second evidence was produced by [[Friedrich Bessel]] in 1838.}} Aristarchus da Copernicus sun yi daidai da cewa parallax ba shi da mahimmanci saboda taurari suna da nisa sosai. Koyaya, Brahe ya musanta cewa tunda taurari sun bayyana suna da girman kusurwa mai ma'ana, idan taurari sun kasance da nisa, dole ne su fi Sun girma ko ma da zagaye na Duniya.{{Sfn|Graney|Danielson|2014}}Ba zai kasance ba har sai da yawa daga baya cewa masu binciken taurari sun fahimci girman taurari ya haifar da wani abu na gani da ake kira airy disk, kuma ayyuka ne na hasken su maimakon girman jiki na gaskiya (duba tarihin girman).{{Sfn|Graney|Danielson|2014}} Galileo ya kare heliocentrism bisa ga abubuwan da ya lura da su a shekara ta 1609. A cikin shekara ta 1611, a wannan shekarar ne mambobin Jesuit na Collegio Romano suka amince da binciken Galileo, kwamiti na cardinals ya fara binciken Galileo, yana tambaya idan ya shiga cikin shari'ar Cesare Cremonini, wanda ya koyar tare da Galileo a Jami'ar Padua kuma an tuhume shi da ridda. Wadannan tambayoyin sun nuna karo na farko da aka ambaci sunan Galileo ta Roman Inquisition. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1613, Grand Duchess Christina ta Florence ta fuskanci daya daga cikin abokan Galileo da mabiyanta, Benedetto Castelli, tare da ƙin yarda da motsi na Duniya.{{Efn|According to [[Maurice Finocchiaro]], this was done in a friendly and gracious manner, out of curiosity.{{sfn |Finocchiaro |1989 |pp=27–28}}}} Da wannan lamarin ya sa ya sa, Galileo ya rubuta wasika mai shafi takwas ga Castelli inda ya yi jayayya cewa heliocentrism ba ya saba wa matani na Littafi Mai-Tsarki kuma cewa Littafi Mai-Msarki iko ne akan bangaskiya da ɗabi'a, ba kimiyya ba. Ba a buga wannan wasika ba amma an rarraba ta ko'ina.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Galileo ya rubuta wasika ga Christina wanda ya fadada hujjojinsa zuwa shafuka arba'in.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}} [[File:Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei_(Uffizi).jpg|left|thumb|''Hoton Galili'' na Justus Sustermans, 1635]] A shekara ta 1615, an gabatar da rubuce-rubucen Galileo game da heliocentrism ga Roman Inquisition ta Uba Niccolò Lorini, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa Galileo da mabiyansa suna ƙoƙarin sake fassara Littafi Mai-Tsarki, wanda aka gani a matsayin keta Majalisar Trent kuma ya yi kama da [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]].[g]{{Sfn|Langford|1998}}Lorini musamman ya ambaci wasikar Galileo ga Castelli.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}Galileo ya tafi Roma don kare kansa da ra'ayoyinsa. A farkon shekara ta 1616, Francesco Ingoli ya fara muhawara tare da Galileo, ya aiko masa da wata kasida da ke jayayya da tsarin Copernican. Galileo daga baya ya bayyana cewa ya yi imanin cewa wannan rubutun ya taimaka wajen yaki da Copernicanism da ya biyo baya.{{Sfn|Graney|2015}}Wataƙila Inquisition ta ba da izini ga Ingoli don rubuta ra'ayi na ƙwararru game da gardamar, tare da rubutun da ke ba da tushen ayyukan Inquisition.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|2010}}Rubutun ya mayar da hankali kan hujjoji goma sha takwas na jiki da lissafi game da heliocentrism. Ya samo asali ne daga muhawara ta Tycho Brahe, musamman cewa heliocentrism zai buƙaci taurari kamar yadda suka bayyana sun fi Sun girma.{{Efn|Ingoli wrote that the great distance to the stars in the heliocentric theory "clearly proves ... the fixed stars to be of such size, as they may surpass or equal the size of the orbit circle of the Earth itself".{{sfn |Graney |2015 |p=71}}}} Rubutun ya hada da muhawara huɗu na tauhidi, amma Ingoli ya ba da shawarar Galileo ya mai da hankali kan muhawara ta jiki da lissafi, kuma bai ambaci ra'ayoyin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Galileo ba.{{Sfn|Graney|2015}} A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1616, kwamitin Inquisitorial ya bayyana cewa heliocentrism ya zama "wawa da wauta a falsafar, kuma a hukumance ya zama ridda tunda a bayyane ya saba wa ma'anar Nassi Mai Tsarki a wurare da yawa". Inquisition ta gano cewa ra'ayin motsi na Duniya "yana karɓar hukunci iri ɗaya a falsafar kuma ... game da gaskiyar tauhidin, aƙalla kuskure ne a bangaskiya".<ref name="wcumf">{{Cite web |last=Finocchiaro |first=M. |title=West Chester University – History of Astronomy; Lecture notes: Texts from The Galileo Affair: A Documentary History |url=http://astro.wcupa.edu/mgagne/ess362/resources/finocchiaro.html#conreport |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013053/http://astro.wcupa.edu/mgagne/ess362/resources/finocchiaro.html#conreport |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=18 February 2014 |publisher=West Chester University |id=ESS 362 / 562}}</ref> {{Spaces}}Paparoma Paul V ya umarci Kadanal Bellarmine ya gabatar da wannan binciken ga Galileo, da kuma umarce shi da ya bar heliocentrism. A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, an kira Galileo zuwa gidan Bellarmine kuma ya umarce shi "ya watsar gaba ɗaya ... ra'ayin cewa rana tana tsaye har yanzu a tsakiyar duniya kuma Duniya tana motsawa, kuma daga nan gaba kada a riƙe shi, koyarwa, ko kare shi a kowace hanya, ko dai ta baki ko a rubuce".{{Spaces}} Dokar Ikilisiyar Index ta haramta De Revolutionibus na Copernicus da sauran ayyukan heliocentric har sai an gyara shi.{{Sfn|Heilbron|2010}}{{Sfn|Heilbron|2010}} Shekaru goma masu zuwa, Galileo ya kasance nesa da gardamar. Ya farfado da aikinsa na rubuta littafi a kan batun, wanda aka karfafa shi da zaben Kadinal Maffeo Barberini a matsayin Paparoma Urban na takwas a 1623. Barberini aboki ne kuma mai sha'awar Galileo kuma ya yi adawa da gargadi na Galileo a cikin 1616. Littafin da Galileo ya samo asali, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, an buga shi a cikin 1632, tare da izini na musamman daga Inquisition da izinin papal.<ref name="Pope Urban VIII">{{Cite web |title=Pope Urban VIII Biography |url=http://galileo.rice.edu/gal/urban.html |website=Galileo Project}}</ref> Tun da farko, Paparoma Urban na takwas da kansa ya nemi Galileo ya ba da hujjoji don da kuma adawa da heliocentrism a cikin littafin kuma ya yi hankali kada ya ba da shawarar heliocentristm. Ko ba tare da sani ba ko da gangan ba, Simplicio, mai kare ra'ayi na Aristotle a cikin Tattaunawa game da Tsarin Duniya guda Biyu, sau da yawa ana kama shi cikin kurakuran kansa kuma wani lokacin ya zo a matsayin wawa. Lalle ne, kodayake Galileo ya bayyana a cikin gabatarwar littafinsa cewa an sanya sunan halayen ne bayan sanannen masanin falsafar Aristotelian (Simplicius a Latin, "Simplicio" a Italiyanci), sunan "Simplecio" a cikin Italiyanci kuma yana da ma'anar "Mai sauƙi".{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1997}}{{Sfn|Moss|Wallace|2003}} Wannan hoton Simplicio ya sa Tattaunawa game da Babban Tsarin Duniya guda Biyu ya bayyana a matsayin jayayya game da tsarin Aristotelian a cikin kare ka'idar Copernican. Yawancin masana tarihi sun yarda cewa Galileo bai yi niyyar yin ba'a ba'a kuma ya yi mamakin yadda aka yi wa littafinsa.{{Efn|Drake asserts that Simplicio's character is modelled on the Aristotelian philosophers Lodovico delle Colombe and [[Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)|Cesare Cremonini]], rather than Urban.{{sfn |Drake |1978 |p=355}} He also considers that the demand for Galileo to include the Pope's argument in the ''Dialogue'' left him with no option but to put it in the mouth of Simplicio.{{sfn |Drake |1953 |p=491}} Even [[Arthur Koestler]], who is generally quite harsh on Galileo in ''[[The Sleepwalkers (Koestler book)|The Sleepwalkers]]'', after noting that Urban suspected Galileo of having intended Simplicio to be a caricature of him, says "this of course is untrue".{{sfn |Koestler |1990 |p=483}}}} Koyaya, Paparoma bai ɗauki rashin girmamawar jama'a ba, ko kuma goyon bayan Copernican.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|2007b}}Dava Sobel ya yi jayayya cewa kafin shari'ar Galileo ta 1633 da hukunci don ridda, an zargi Paparoma Urban na takwas da rauni wajen kare cocin, kuma ya damu da rikice-rikicen kotu da matsalolin jihar, yana tsoron har ma da rayuwarsa. A cikin wannan mahallin, Sobel ya yi jayayya cewa Urban ya ji an ci amanarsa da Galileo's Dialogues, kuma masu shiga kotu da abokan gaba na Galileo sun yi amfani da wannan jin.{{Sfn|Sobel|2000}}Mario Livio ya sanya al'amarin Galileo a cikin mahallin kimiyya da siyasa na zamani, yana yin kwatankwacin ƙin kimiyya na zamani. == Dubi kuma == * Cocin Katolika da kimiyya * Na biyu pendulum * Gidan magana na Galileo * Villa Il Gioiello == Manazarta == === Bayani === === Babban tushe da aka ambata ===   [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1564]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jdn4p60ibhdpcq7hdxjka2vlqhuco2k 975493 975309 2026-11-03T08:39:21Z Zahrah0 14848 975493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Galileo''' di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de 'Galilei (an haife a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif 1564 zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Janairu shekara ta alif 1642), wanda aka fi sanin sa da '''Galileo Galilei'''{{Efn|English: {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɡ|æ|l|ɪ|ˈ|l|eɪ|oʊ|_|ˌ|ɡ|æ|l|ɪ|ˈ|l|eɪ}} {{respell|GAL|il|AY|oh|_|GAL|il|AY}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|ˌ|ɡ|æ|l|ɪ|ˈ|l|iː|oʊ|_|-}} {{respell|GAL|il|EE|oh|_-}}; {{IPA|it|ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛi|lang|small=no}}.<!--NOT [ɛːi]; the /ɛi/ sequence forms a diphthong [ɛi̯] and thus /ɛ/ is not long because it is not at the end of a word-internal syllable; see [[Italian phonology#Vowels]]-->}} ko kuma Galileo, masanin taurari ne na Italiya, masanin kimiyyar lissafi, [[Injiniyoyi|injiniya]] da kuma polymath.{{Efn|Though a [[Unification of Italy|unified Italian state]] did not exist and Galilei was instead a national of the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]], the Latin equivalent of the [[Italians#Name|term ''Italian'']] (''italus'') had been in use for natives of [[Italian geographical region|the region]] since antiquity.<ref>[[Pliny the Younger]], ''[[Epistulae (Pliny)|Letters]]'' 9.23.</ref> Crucially, the intellectuals and the bourgeoisie of the region self-identified as ''Italiani'' at least since the 14th century,<ref>[[Dante]], 5th Epistle.</ref><ref>[[Giovanni Boccaccio|Boccaccio]], [[The Decameron|Decameron]] II, 9</ref><ref>[[Catherine of Siena]], Letter 310</ref> and Galilei himself did.<ref>Galileo Galilei, Lettera di Galileo Galilei agl'Illustrissimi e Potentiss. Signori Ordini Generali delle confederate Provincie Belgiche, 1636, in Opere di Galileo Galilei, Società tipografica de' classici italiani, 1811, p. 268</ref>}} {{Spaced en dash}}An haife shi ne a Pisa, sannan wani ɓangare na Duchy na Florence . An kira Galileo uban ilimin taurari na lura, kimiyyar lissafi na gargajiya, Hanyar kimiyya, da Kimiyya ta zamani. Ya yi nazarin saurin gudu da saurin gudu, nauyi da Faduwar kyauta, ka'idar daidaituwa, inertiya, motsi na projectile, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin kimiyya da fasaha, yana kwatanta kaddarorin pendulum da "ma'aunin hydrostatic". Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu haɓaka farko na thermoscope kuma mai kirkirar Compasses na soja daban-daban. Tare da ingantaccen na'urar daukar hoto da ya gina, ya lura da taurari na Milky Way, matakai na Venus, manyan tauraron dan adam guda huɗu na Jupiter, zoben Saturn, Craters na wata, da [[Rashin rana|Sunspots]]. Ya kuma gina microscope na farko. Gwagwarmayar Galileo game da Copernican heliocentrism ta sadu da adawa daga cikin [[Cocin katolika|Cocin Katolika]] da kuma wasu masu binciken taurari. Roman Inquisition ya binciki lamarin a cikin 1615, wanda ya kammala cewa ra'ayoyinsa sun saba wa fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki da aka yarda da su.{{Sfn|Hannam|2009}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|2010}} Galileo ya kare ra'ayinsa a cikin Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1632), wanda ya bayyana don jayayya da satiriza Paparoma Urban na takwas, don haka ya nisanta Paparoma da Jesuits, waɗanda dukansu sun goyi bayan Galileo har zuwa wannan batu.{{Sfn|Hannam|2009}}Inquisition ta yi masa shari'a, ta sami "wanda ake zargi da ridda", kuma ta tilasta masa ya tuba. Ya shafe sauran rayuwarsa a karkashin tsare-tsare a gida.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1997}}{{Sfn|Hilliam|2005}}A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Matematiche, ya yi la'akari da wani nau'i na nuove scienze (Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences, 1638) da farko game da kinematics da ƙarfin kayan. == Rayuwa ta farko da iyali == An haifi Galileo a Pisa (a lokacin wani ɓangare na Duchy na Florence) a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu 1564, <ref name="Galileo Galilei">{{Cite web |last=O'Connor |first=J. J. |last2=Robertson |first2=E .F. |title=Galileo Galilei |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Galileo.html |access-date=24 July 2007 |website=The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive |publisher=[[University of St Andrews]], Scotland}}</ref> ta farko cikin 'ya'ya shida na Vincenzo Galilei, babban mawaki, kuma Masanin ilimin kiɗa, da Giulia Ammannati, 'yar wani fitaccen ɗan kasuwa, wanda ya yi aure shekaru biyu da suka gabata a 1562, lokacin da yake da shekaru 42 kuma tana da shekara 24. Vincenzo ya kasance wani ɓangare na Florentine Camerata, wanda ya kafa tushe ga sabon nau'in [[opera]]. Galileo ya zama ƙwararren ɗan lute da kansa.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}} Uku daga cikin 'yan uwan Galileo guda biyar sun tsira daga jariri. Mafi ƙanƙanta, Michelangelo (ko Michelagnolo), ya kuma zama mawaƙi da mawaƙa wanda ya kara nauyin kuɗi na Galileo ga sauran rayuwarsa.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}}Michelangelo bai iya ba da gudummawar rabon da ya dace na sadakar da mahaifinsu ya yi wa surukansu alkawari ba, wanda daga baya ya yi ƙoƙari ya nemi magungunan shari'a don biyan kuɗi. Michelangelo kuma a wasu lokuta dole ne ya ranta kuɗi daga Galileo don tallafawa ƙoƙarinsa na kiɗa da tafiye-tafiye. Wadannan nauyin kudi na iya ba da gudummawa ga sha'awar farko ta Galileo don haɓaka abubuwan kirkirar da za su kawo masa ƙarin kuɗin shiga.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}} Lokacin da Galileo Galilei ya kasance takwas, iyalinsa suka koma Florence, amma an bar shi a ƙarƙashin kulawar Muzio Tedaldi na tsawon shekaru biyu. Lokacin da Galileo yake da shekaru goma, ya bar Pisa ya haɗu da iyalinsa a Florence, inda ya zo ƙarƙashin kulawar Jacopo Borghini . <ref name="Galileo Galilei" /> Ya yi karatu, musamman a cikin tunani, daga 1575 zuwa 1578 a cikin Vallombrosa Abbey, kimanin {{Convert|30|km}} (19 kudu maso gabashin Florence.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=John Gribbin}}</ref><ref name="Gilbert, N. W. 1963 223–231">{{Cite journal |last=Gilbert |first=N. W. |year=1963 |title=Galileo and the School of Padua |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-history-of-philosophy_1963-12_1_2/page/223 |journal=Journal of the History of Philosophy |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=223–231 |doi=10.1353/hph.2008.1474 |issn=0022-5053 |s2cid=144276512}}</ref> Galileo ya saba kiran kansa da sunansa na farko. A lokacin, sunayen mahaifi sun kasance zaɓi a Italiya, kuma sunansa na farko yana da asali iri ɗaya da sunan danginsa na wani lokaci, Galilei . Dukansu sunansa da sunan iyali sun samo asali ne daga kakanninmu, Galileo Bonaiuti, wani muhimmin likita, farfesa, kuma ɗan siyasa a Florence a karni na 15.{{Sfn|Sobel|2000}}Lokacin da ya kira kansa da sunaye fiye da ɗaya, wani lokacin ana kiransa Galileo Galilei Linceo, yana nufin kasancewa memba na Accademia dei Lincei, ƙungiyar kimiyya mai daraja da aka kafa a cikin Papal States. Ya zama ruwan dare ga iyalan Tuscan na tsakiyar karni na 16 su ba da sunan ɗan fari bayan sunan mahaifiyar iyaye.{{Sfn|Sobel|2000}}Saboda haka, ba lallai ba ne a sanya sunan Galileo Galilei bayan kakansa Galileo Bonaiuti. Maza na Italiyanci da aka ba da sunan "Galileo" (kuma daga nan ne sunan mahaifiyar "Galilei") ya samo asali ne daga Latin "Galilaeus", ma'ana "na Galili". {{Sfn|Sobel|2000}}Wannan sunan na Littafi Mai-Tsarki ya zama batun (wanda ake zaton) pun.{{Efn|Maurice Finocchiaro, in the source referenced here for this "pun" story (Finocchiaro 1989, 330–331) states, "I am not aware of any direct documentary evidence [for this story], nor is any reference given by the various authors who repeat the story." He also notes that the earliest mention of the story seems to be 1773.}} A cikin 1614, a lokacin Al'amarin Galileo, daya daga cikin abokan adawar Galileo, firist na Dominican Tommaso Caccini, ya gabatar da wa'azi mai rikitarwa da tasiri a kan Galileo wanda ya yi ƙaulin Littafin Ayyukan Manzanni: "Ku mazajen Galili, me ya sa ku tsaya ku kalli sama?".{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}} === Yara ===   Ko da yake Katolika ne mai ibada, Galileo ya haifi 'ya'ya uku ba tare da aure ba tare da Marina Gamba: 'ya'yan mata Virginia (an haife su 1600) da Livia (1601), da ɗa Vincenzo (1606). {{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}} Saboda haihuwarsu ba bisa ka'ida ba, Galileo ya yi la'akari da 'yan matan da ba za a iya yin aure ba, suna buƙatar tallafi mai tsada ko sadaki mai yawa, kamar matsalolin kudi na Galileo da suka gabata tare da' yan uwansa mata biyu.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}}Hanyar da za a iya girmamawa ita ce rayuwar addini: sun zama nuns na dindindin a gidan ibada na San Matteo a Arcetri.{{Sfn|Sobel|2000}} Virginia ta ɗauki sunan Maria Celeste lokacin da ta shiga gidan ibada. Ta mutu a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1634, kuma an binne ta tare da Galileo a Basilica na Santa Croce, Florence . Livia ta ɗauki sunan Sister Arcangela kuma ba ta da lafiya mafi yawan rayuwarta. Daga baya aka ba da izini ga Vincenzo a matsayin magajin Galileo, kuma ya auri Sestilia Bocchineri . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Olaf Pedersen|last=George V. Coyne|title=Michał Heller}}</ref> == Ayyuka da gudummawar kimiyya ta farko == Kodayake Galileo ya yi la'akari da firist a matsayin saurayi, a kan shawarar mahaifinsa ya shiga cikin 1580 a Jami'ar Pisa don digiri na likita.{{Sfn|Reston|2000}}Jawabin Girolamo Borro, Domingo de Soto da Francesco Buonamici na Florence sun rinjaye shi.<ref name="Gilbert, N. W. 1963 223–231" /> A shekara ta 1581, lokacin da yake karatun likitanci, ya lura da wani kyandir mai juyawa, wanda iska ke juyawa zuwa juyawa a cikin manyan da ƙananan arcs. A gare shi, ya zama kamar, idan aka kwatanta da bugun zuciyarsa, cewa kandal ɗin ya ɗauki lokaci iri ɗaya don juyawa baya da gaba, ba tare da la'akari da yadda yake juyawa ba. Lokacin da ya dawo gida, ya kafa pendulums guda biyu daidai kuma ya juya daya tare da babban sweep ɗayan kuma tare da karamin sweep kuma ya gano cewa sun riƙe lokaci tare. Ba har sai aikin Christiaan Huygens ba, kusan shekaru ɗari bayan haka, an yi amfani da yanayin tautochrone na pendulum mai juyawa don ƙirƙirar daidai lokaci. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, an hana Galileo da gangan daga [[lissafi]], tunda likita ya sami kudin shiga mafi girma fiye da masanin lissafi. Koyaya, bayan ya halarci lacca ba zato ba tsammani game da lissafi, ya yi magana da mahaifinsa mai jinkiri don ya bar shi ya yi karatun lissafi da falsafar halitta maimakon magani.<ref name="Asimov" /> Ya kirkiro thermoscope, wanda ya fara amfani da thermometer, kuma, a cikin 1586, ya buga wani karamin littafi game da ƙirar ma'aunin hydrostatic da ya kirkira (wanda ya fara kawo shi ga hankalin duniya mai ilimi). Galileo ya kuma yi nazarin disegno, kalmar da ta ƙunshi fasaha mai kyau, kuma, a cikin 1588, ya sami matsayin malami a cikin Accademia delle Arti del Disegno a Florence, koyar da hangen nesa da chiaroscuro. A cikin wannan shekarar, a kan gayyatar da Kwalejin Florentine ta yi, ya gabatar da laccoci biyu, On the Shape, Location, and Size of [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s Inferno, a cikin ƙoƙari na ba da shawarar tsarin tsarin cosmological na Dante's Divine Comedy . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Len Fisher |date=16 February 2016 |title=Galileo, Dante Alighieri, and how to calculate the dimensions of hell |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/ockhamsrazor/galileo-mapped-dimensions-dante-inferno-hell/7164468 |access-date=9 January 2022 |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> Da yake an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar al'adun fasaha na birnin da ayyukan Masu zane-zane na Renaissance, Galileo ya sami kyakkyawan tunani. Yayinda yake matashi malami a Accademia, ya fara abota da mai zane na Florentine Cigoli . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ostrow |first=Steven F. |date=June 1996 |title=Cigoli's Immacolata and Galileo's Moon: Astronomy and the Virgin in early seicento Rome |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Article/Cigoli-s-Immacolata-and-Galileo-s-Moon--/0F2C437DF2829CF5 |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=MutualArt |language=en}}</ref><ref name="panofsky">{{Cite journal |last=Panofsky |first=Erwin |author-link=Erwin Panofsky |date=1956 |title=Galileo as a Critic of the Arts: Aesthetic Attitude and Scientific Thought |journal=Isis |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=3–15 |doi=10.1086/348450 |jstor=227542 |s2cid=145451645}}</ref> A shekara ta 1589, an nada shi a matsayin shugaban lissafi a Pisa. A shekara ta 1591, mahaifinsa ya mutu, kuma an ba shi kula da ƙanensa Michelagnolo. A shekara ta 1592, ya koma Jami'ar Padua inda ya koyar da lissafi, injiniya, da ilimin taurari har zuwa shekara ta 1610.{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}A wannan lokacin, Galileo ya yi muhimman abubuwan da aka gano a cikin kimiyya mai tsabta da kuma [[kimiyya mai amfani]]. Abubuwan da yake sha'awa da yawa sun haɗa da nazarin astrology, wanda a lokacin horo ne da ke da alaƙa da nazarin lissafi, ilimin taurari da magani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rutkin |first=H. D. |title=Galileo, Astrology, and the Scientific Revolution: Another Look |url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPST/colloquia0405.html |access-date=15 April 2007 |publisher=Program in History & Philosophy of Science & Technology, Stanford University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Battistini |first=Andrea |year=2018 |title=Galileo as Practising Astrologer |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021828618793218 |journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy |publisher=Journal of the History Of Astronomy, Sage |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=388–391 |bibcode=2018JHA....49..345. |doi=10.1177/0021828618793218 |s2cid=220119861 |access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Galileo ya shiga aikin injiniya na ruwa, yana samun takardar shaidar daga Jamhuriyar Venetian don famfo na ruwa mai amfani da doki a cikin 1594.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museo Galileo – Multimedia – Water-raising machine |url=https://catalogue.museogalileo.it/multimedia/WaterraisingMachineBis.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519231522/https://catalogue.museogalileo.it/multimedia/WaterraisingMachineBis.html |archive-date=2024-05-19 |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=catalogue.museogalileo.it}}</ref> === Ilimin taurari === ==== Supernova na Kepler ==== [[Tycho Brahe]] da sauransu sun lura da supernova na shekara ta 1572. Wasikar Ottavio Brenzoni ta 15 ga Janairu 1605 zuwa Galileo ta kawo supernova ta 1572 da kuma mafi ƙarancin haske na 1601 ga sanarwa ta Galileo. Galileo ya lura kuma ya tattauna Kepler's Supernova a cikin 1604. Tun da yake waɗannan sabbin taurari ba su nuna wani parallax na yau da kullun ba, Galileo ya kammala cewa taurari ne masu nisa, sabili da haka, ya karyata imanin [[Aristotle]] game da rashin canji na sammai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kollerstrom |first=N. |author-link=Nicholas Kollerstrom |date=October 2004 |title=Galileo and the new star |url=https://www.dioi.org/kn/NewStar.pdf |journal=[[Astronomy Now]] |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=58–59 |bibcode=2004AsNow..18j..58K |issn=0951-9726 |access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref> ==== Na'urar daukar hotuna mai banƙyama ==== [[File:Galileo_galilei,_telescopi_del_1609-10_ca..JPG|thumb|"Cannocchiali" telescopes a Museo Galileo, Florence, wanda ake zargi da zama telescopes na Galili (sama: 1610-1630; kasa: 1609-1640) ]] Wataƙila ya dogara ne kawai akan bayanin na'urar daukar hoto ta farko wanda Hans Lippershey ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba da izini a cikin Netherlands a cikin 1608, Galileo, a cikin shekara mai zuwa, ya yi na'urar kallon ido tare da kusan 3× girma.{{Sfn|King|2003}} Daga baya ya inganta fasalin tare da kusan girman 30x.{{Sfn|Drake|1990}}Tare da na'urar daukar hoto ta Galili, mai kallo zai iya ganin hotuna masu girma, masu tsaye a duniya - abin da aka fi sani da na'ura mai daukar hoto na duniya ko spyglass. Hakanan yana iya amfani da shi don lura da sama; na wani lokaci yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda za su iya gina telescopes masu kyau don wannan dalili. A ranar 25 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1609, ya nuna daya daga cikin na'urorin sa na farko, tare da girman kusan 8 × ko 9 ×, ga 'yan majalisa na [[Venezia|Venetian]]. Telescopes kuma sun kasance hanyar riba ga Galileo, wanda ya sayar da su ga 'yan kasuwa waɗanda suka same su da amfani a teku da kuma kayan kasuwanci. Ya buga bincikensa na farko na astronomical a watan Maris na shekara ta 1610 a cikin wani taƙaitaccen littafi mai taken ''Sidereus Nuncius'' (Starry Messenger).{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}} [[File:Sidereus,_nuncius_magna_longeqve_admirabilia_spectacula..._Wellcome_L0072633.jpg|thumb|Hoton wata daga ''Sidereus Nuncius'', wanda aka buga a Venice, 1610]] A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1609, Galileo ya yi amfani da na'urar daukar hoto a [[Wata]].{{Sfn|Edgerton|2009}}Duk da yake ba shine mutum na farko da ya lura da wata ta hanyar madubi ba (masanin lissafi na Ingilishi Thomas Harriot ya yi haka watanni huɗu da suka gabata amma kawai ya ga "baƙon tabo"), Galileo shine na farko da zai gano dalilin rashin daidaituwa kamar yadda haske ya ɓoye daga tsaunuka da craters na wata.{{Sfn|Edgerton|2009}} A cikin bincikensa, ya kuma yi sigogi na taswirar, yana kimanta tsawo na duwatsu. Wata ba abin da aka daɗe ana tunanin cewa cikakkiyar ma'ana ce ba, kamar yadda Aristotle ya yi iƙirarin, kuma kusan "duniyar" ta farko, "lu'u-lu'u ta har abada don hawa cikin sararin samaniya", kamar yadda [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]] ya gabatar. Wani lokaci ana yaba wa Galileo tare da ganowar litattafan wata a latitude a cikin 1632, kodayake Thomas Harriot ko William Gilbert na iya yin hakan a baya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephen Pumfrey |date=15 April 2009 |title=Harriot's maps of the Moon: new interpretations |journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=163–168 |doi=10.1098/rsnr.2008.0062 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mai zane Cigoli, aboki na Galileo, ya haɗa da ainihin kwatancin wata a cikin ɗayan zane-zanensa; mai yiwuwa ya yi amfani da nasa na'urar daukar hoto don yin kallo.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Watanni na Jupiter ==== A ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1610, Galileo ya lura da na'urar daukar hoto abin da ya bayyana a lokacin a matsayin "taurari uku masu tsayayya, gaba ɗaya ba a ganuwa ba saboda ƙanƙansu", duk kusa da Jupiter, kuma yana kwance a kan layi madaidaiciya ta hanyarsa.{{Efn|''i.e.'', invisible to the naked eye.}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}Bincike a daren da suka biyo baya ya nuna cewa matsayin waɗannan "taurari" da suka danganci Jupiter suna canzawa ta hanyar da ba za a iya bayyana su ba idan sun kasance Taurari masu tsayayyu. A ranar 10 ga watan Janairu, Galileo ya lura cewa daya daga cikinsu ya ɓace, wani kallo wanda ya danganta shi da ɓoye a bayan Jupiter. A ranar 13 ga watan Janairu ya ga abubuwa hudu daban-daban, kuma a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun ya kammala cewa suna kewaye da Jupiter: ya gano manyan watanni hudu na Jupiter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Moons: Our History of Solar System Satellites |url=https://www.mos.org/article/new-moons-our-history-solar-system-satellites |access-date=6 May 2026 |website=www.mos.org |publisher=Museum of Science}}</ref>{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}Wannan binciken ya ba da shaida a cikin goyon bayan tsarin heliocentric na [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]]. Galileo ya ba da sunan ƙungiyar taurari huɗu na Medicean, don girmama mai kula da shi na gaba, Cosimo II de 'Medici, Grand Duke na Tuscany, da 'yan uwan Cosimo uku.{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}Daga baya masu binciken sararin samaniya, duk da haka, sun sake musu suna tauraron dan adam na Galili don girmama wanda ya gano su. Simon Marius ne ya gano wadannan tauraron dan adam a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1610 kuma yanzu ana kiransu Io, Europa, Ganymede, da Callisto, sunayen da Marius ya bayar a cikin ''Mundus Iovialis'' da aka buga a shekara ta 1614.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pasachoff |first=J. M. |date=May 2015 |title=Simon Marius's Mundus Iovialis: 400th Anniversary in Galileo's Shadow |journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=218–234 |bibcode=2015JHA....46..218P |doi=10.1177/0021828615585493 |s2cid=120470649}}</ref> [[File:Carte_de_France_corrigée_par_ordre_du_Roy.jpg|thumb|Taswirar Faransa da aka gabatar a cikin 1684, yana nuna tsarin taswirar da ta gabata (bayani mai haske) idan aka kwatanta da sabon binciken da aka gudanar ta amfani da watanni na Jupiter a matsayin daidai lokacin (bayani mafi nauyi) ]] Binciken da Galileo ya yi game da tauraron dan adam na Jupiter ya haifar da gardama a cikin ilimin taurari: duniyar da ke da ƙananan taurari da ke kewaye da ita ba ta dace da ka'idodin Ilimin sararin samaniya na Aristotle ba, wanda ya yi imanin cewa duk abubuwan da ke sama ya kamata su kewaye Duniya, kuma yawancin masanan taurari da falsafa da farko sun ki yarda cewa Galileo na iya gano irin wannan abu.{{Sfn|Linton|2004}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}Da yake kara wannan matsala, wasu masu binciken sararin samaniya suna da wahalar tabbatar da abubuwan da Galileo ya lura. Lokacin da ya nuna na'urar daukar hoto a Bologna, masu halarta sun yi ƙoƙari su ga watannin. Ɗaya daga cikinsu, Martin Horky, ya lura cewa wasu taurari masu tsayayya, kamar Spica Virginis, sun bayyana sau biyu ta hanyar madubi. Ya ɗauki wannan a matsayin shaida cewa kayan aikin yaudara ne yayin kallon sammai, yana jefa shakku game da wanzuwar watannin.{{Sfn|Feyerabend|1975}}{{Sfn|Naess|2004}}Cibiyar lura da Christopher Clavius a Roma ta tabbatar da abubuwan da aka lura kuma, kodayake ba ta da tabbacin yadda za a fassara su, ta ba Galileo maraba da jarumi lokacin da ya ziyarci shekara mai zuwa.{{Sfn|Hannam|2009}}Galileo ya ci gaba da lura da tauraron dan adam a cikin watanni goma sha takwas masu zuwa, kuma a tsakiyar shekara ta 1611, ya sami ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun lokuta don lokutan su - aikin da [[Johannes Kepler]] ya yi imanin ba zai yiwu ba.{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}} Galileo ya ga amfani mai amfani ga bincikensa. Tabbatar da matsayin gabas da yamma na jiragen ruwa a teku ya buƙaci a haɗa agogo tare da agogo a farkon meridian. Warware wannan matsalar tana da matukar muhimmanci ga kewayawa mai aminci kuma Spain da Holland sun kafa manyan kyaututtuka don mafita. Tun da yake hasken rana na watannin da ya gano ya kasance sau da yawa kuma ana iya hango lokutan su da cikakken daidaito, ana iya amfani da su don saita agogo na jirgin ruwa kuma Galileo ya nemi kyaututtuka. Binciken watanni daga jirgin ruwa ya zama da wahala sosai, amma an yi amfani da hanyar don binciken ƙasa, gami da sake fasalin Faransa.<ref name="rgm">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2014 |title=Solving Longitude: Jupiter's Moons |url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/solving-longitude-jupiters-moons |publisher=[[Royal Museums Greenwich]]}}</ref> ==== Matakai na Venus ==== Daga Satumba 1610, Galileo ya lura cewa Venus tana nuna cikakken tsari na matakai masu kama da na wata. Tsarin heliocentric na Copernicus na [[Tsarin hasken rana|Tsarin hasken]] [[Rana]] ya yi hasashen cewa duk matakai za su kasance bayyane tun lokacin da Venus ke kewaye da Rana zai sa haskensa ya fuskanci Duniya lokacin da yake a gefen Rana kuma ya fuskanci duniya lokacin da yake kan gefen Duniya na Rana. A cikin Tsarin Ptolemy na geocentric, ba zai yiwu ba ga kowane bangare na taurari ya haɗu da harsashi mai ɗauke da Rana. A al'adance, an sanya orbit na Venus gaba ɗaya a gefen kusa da Sun, inda zai iya nuna kawai crescent da sababbin matakai. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a sanya shi gaba ɗaya a gefen nesa na Rana, inda zai iya nuna kawai gibbous da cikakkun matakai. Bayan binciken da Galileo ya yi game da crescent, gibbous da cikakkun matakai na Venus, tsarin Ptolemaic ya zama wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=David Wootton (historian)}}</ref> A farkon karni na 17, sakamakon bincikensa, yawancin masu binciken taurari sun canza zuwa ɗaya daga cikin samfuran duniya daban-daban, kamar Tychonic, Capellan da Extended Capellan, kowannensu ko dai tare da ko ba tare da duniya mai juyawa ba.{{Efn|In the Capellan model only Mercury and Venus orbit the Sun, whilst in its extended version such as expounded by Riccioli, Mars also orbits the Sun, but the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn are centred on the Earth.}} Wadannan duk sun bayyana matakai na Venus ba tare da 'karyata' cikakken hasashen heliocentrism na parallax na taurari ba.{{Sfn|Thoren|1989}}{{Sfn|Hoskin|1999}} ==== Saturn da Neptune ==== A cikin 1610, Galileo ya kuma lura da Saturn, kuma da farko ya yi kuskuren zoben sa don taurari, yana tunanin tsarin jiki uku ne. Lokacin da ya lura da duniyar daga baya, zoben Saturn sun daidaita kai tsaye zuwa Duniya, wanda ya sa ya yi tunanin cewa biyu daga cikin jikin sun ɓace. Zob din ya sake bayyana lokacin da ya lura da duniyar a cikin 1616, ya kara rikitar da shi. Galileo ya lura da [[Neptune]] a cikin 1612. Ya bayyana a cikin litattafansa a matsayin daya daga cikin taurari masu yawa. Bai fahimci cewa duniyar ce ba, amma ya lura da motsi dangane da taurari kafin ya rasa hanyarsa.{{Sfn|Drake|Kowal|1980}} ==== Rashin rana ==== Galileo ya yi nazarin ido da ido na ido na rana. Rayuwarsu ta haifar da wata matsala tare da kammalawar sammai kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin ilimin lissafi na sama na Aristotle. Wani bambancin shekara-shekara a cikin hanyoyin su, wanda Francesco Sizzi da sauransu suka lura a cikin 1612-1613, kuma ya ba da wata hujja mai ƙarfi game da tsarin Ptolemaic da tsarin geoheliocentric na Tycho Brahe.{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Efn|In geostatic systems the apparent annual variation in the motion of sunspots could only be explained as the result of an implausibly complicated precession of the Sun's axis of rotation.{{sfn |Linton |2004 |p=212}}{{sfn |Sharratt |1994 |p=166}}{{sfn |Drake |1970 |pp=191–196}} This did not apply, however, to the modified version of Tycho's system introduced by his protégé, [[Longomontanus]], in which the Earth was assumed to rotate. Longomontanus's system could account for the apparent motions of sunspots just as well as the Copernican.}} Rikici game da da da'awar fifiko a cikin gano sunspots, kuma a cikin fassararsu, ya jagoranci Galileo zuwa dogon rikici tare da Jesuit Christoph Scheiner. A tsakiya shine Mark Welser, wanda Scheiner ya sanar da bincikensa, kuma wanda ya tambayi Galileo don ra'ayinsa. Dukansu biyu ba su san abubuwan da Johannes Fabricius ya lura da su ba da kuma buga sunspots.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}} ==== Milky Way da taurari ==== Galileo ya lura da Milky Way, wanda a baya aka yi imanin cewa ba shi da kyau, kuma ya gano cewa tarin taurari ne da suka cika sosai har suka bayyana daga Duniya don zama girgije. Ya gano wasu taurari da yawa da suka yi nisa da ba za a iya gani da ido ba. Ya lura da tauraron biyu Mizar a Ursa Major a cikin 1617 . {{Sfn|Ondra|2004}} A cikin Starry Messenger, Galileo ya ba da rahoton cewa taurari sun bayyana a matsayin hasken haske kawai, wanda ba a canza shi ba ta hanyar madubi, kuma ya bambanta su da taurari, wanda madubi ya bayyana a matsayin diski. Amma ba da daɗewa ba, a cikin wasiƙunsa a kan Sunspots, ya ba da rahoton cewa na'urar daukar hoto ta bayyana siffofin taurari da taurari su zama "kyakkyawan zagaye". Daga wannan batu zuwa gaba, ya ci gaba da bayar da rahoton cewa telescopes sun nuna zagaye na taurari, kuma cewa taurari da aka gani ta hanyar telescope sun auna 'yan seconds na arc a diamita.{{Sfn|Graney|2010}}{{Sfn|Graney|Grayson|2011}}Ya kuma kirkiro wata hanya don auna girman tauraron ba tare da na'urar daukar hoto ba. Hanyar da ya yi ita ce rataye igiya mai laushi a cikin layin gani ga tauraron kuma ya auna iyakar nisan da zai rufe tauraron gaba ɗaya. Daga ma'aunin wannan nisan da faɗin igiyar, zai iya lissafin kusurwar da tauraron ya yi a wurin kallon sa.{{Sfn|Van Helden|1985}}{{Sfn|Chalmers|1999}}{{Sfn|Galilei|1953}} A cikin ''Tattaunawa'', ya ba da rahoton cewa ya sami bayyanar diamita na tauraron farko ba fiye da ⁵ arcseconds ba, kuma na ɗaya daga cikin na shida ya zama kusan 5/₆ arcsecondes. Kamar yawancin masanan taurari na zamaninsa, Galileo bai gane cewa girman taurari da ya auna ba gaskiya ba ne, wanda ya haifar da karkatarwa da rikicewar yanayi, kuma bai wakilci girman taurari na gaskiya ba. Koyaya, dabi'un Galileo sun fi ƙanƙantawa da suka gabata game da girman taurari masu haske, kamar waɗanda Brahe ya yi, kuma ya ba Galileo damar magance muhawarar adawa da Copernican kamar waɗanda Tycho ya yi cewa waɗannan taurari dole ne su kasance masu girma sosai don parallaxes na shekara-shekara ba za a iya gano su ba.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}{{Sfn|Galilei|1953}}{{Sfn|Ondra|2004}}Sauran masanan taurari kamar Simon Marius, Giovanni Battista Riccioli, da Martinus Hortensius sun yi irin wannan ma'auni na taurari, kuma Marius da Riccioli sun kammala cewa ƙananan girman ba su da isasshen amsa gardamar Tycho.{{Sfn|Graney|2010}}{{Sfn|Graney|Grayson|2011}} === Ka'idar raƙuman ruwa === [[File:Galileo_Galilei,_1564-1642_RMG_BHC2699.tiff|thumb|Galileo Galilei, hoton da Francesco Porcia ya yi]] Kadanal Bellarmine ya rubuta a cikin 1615 cewa ba za a iya kare Tsarin Copernican ba tare da "ainihin zahiri na gaskiya cewa rana ba ta kewaye duniya amma duniya ta kewaye rana ba".{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}Galileo ya yi la'akari da ka'idarsa game da raƙuman ruwa don samar da irin wannan shaidar.{{Sfn|Naylor|2007}}Wannan ka'idar tana da mahimmanci a gare shi cewa Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1632), an kira shi da farko Dialogue on the Ebb and Flow of the Sea.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}An cire ambaton raƙuman ruwa daga taken ta hanyar umarnin Inquisition.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}} Ga Galileo, raƙuman ruwa sun samo asali ne daga ruwa da ruwa a cikin teku yayin da wani batu a saman duniya ya yi sauri kuma ya ragu saboda juyawa na duniya a kan axis da juyawa a kusa da Sun. Ya rarraba labarinsa na farko game da raƙuman ruwa a cikin 1616, wanda aka yi wa Kadanal Orsini.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}Ka'idarsa ta ba da haske game da muhimmancin siffofin tafkin teku a cikin girman da lokacin raƙuman ruwa; ya lissafa, alal misali, ga raƙuman da ba a kula da su ba a tsakiyar Tekun Adriatic idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke ƙarshen.{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Naylor|2007}} Ka'idar Galileo, duk da haka, ta kasa bayyana abubuwan da aka lura da raƙuman ruwa. Yana nuna kawai babban ruwa daya a kowace rana, kuma a cikin asusunsa na 1616, ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan ya faru ne a cikin Tekun Atlantika.{{Sfn|Naylor|2007}}Ya danganta manyan raƙuman ruwa guda biyu da aka gani a [[Venezia|Venice]] da sauran wurare ga dalilai na biyu, gami da siffar teku, zurfinta, da sauran dalilai.{{Sfn|Naylor|2007}}{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}{{Sfn|Galilei|1953}}Koyaya, raƙuman ruwa suna faruwa sau biyu a kowace rana a cikin Tekun Atlantika da mafi yawan teku. Bayan ya koyi wannan, Galileo ya gabatar da ka'idarsa a cikin ''Tattaunawa'' ba tare da ambaton Atlantic ko wasu wurare tare da raƙuman ruwa sau ɗaya a kowace rana ba, ya bar tambayoyin raƙuman yau da kullun ba a warware su ba.{{Sfn|Graney|2024}}Ya kuma watsar da ra'ayin, wanda aka sani daga zamanin d ̄ a da kuma na zamani Johannes Kepler, cewa [[Wata]] ta haifar da raƙuman ruwa, wanda shine tushen ka'idodin zamani.{{Sfn|Galilei|1953}} === Rikici game da comets da The Assayer''Mai Bincike'' === A shekara ta 1619, Galileo ya shiga cikin gardama tare da Uba Orazio Grassi, farfesa na lissafi a Jesuit Collegio Romano . Ya fara ne a matsayin jayayya game da yanayin comets, amma a lokacin da Galileo ya buga ''Il Saggiatore'' (The Assayer) a cikin 1623, sautin karshe a cikin jayayya, ya zama jayayya mai yawa game da yanayin kimiyya kanta. Shafin taken littafin ya bayyana Galileo a matsayin masanin falsafa da "Matematico Primario" na Grand Duke na Tuscany . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Career as a Scientist {{!}} Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) {{!}} Stories Preschool |url=https://www.storiespreschool.com/galileo_galilei1.html |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=www.storiespreschool.com}}</ref> Saboda The Assayer ya ƙunshi irin wannan wadataccen ra'ayoyin Galileo game da yadda ya kamata a yi kimiyya, an kira shi a matsayin bayanin kimiyya.{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}A farkon shekara ta 1619, Uba Grassi ya buga wani ɗan littafin, An Astronomical Disputation on the Three Comets of the Year 1618, wanda ya tattauna yanayin comet wanda ya bayyana a ƙarshen Nuwamba na shekarar da ta gabata.{{Sfn|Grassi|1960a}} Grassi ya kammala cewa comet wani abu ne mai cin wuta wanda ya motsa tare da wani sashi na babban da'irar a nesa da duniya, kuma tun da yake ya motsa a sama da sannu a hankali fiye da Wata, dole ne ya fi nesa da Wata.{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Grassi|1960a}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}} An soki hujjojin Grassi da ƙaddamarwa a cikin wata kasida ta gaba, Discourse on Comets, wanda aka buga a ƙarƙashin sunan ɗaya daga cikin almajiran Galileo, lauyan Florentine mai suna Mario Guiducci, kodayake Galileo da kansa ne ya rubuta shi. {{Sfn|Galilei|Guiducci|1960}}{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}Galileo da Guiducci ba su ba da wata ka'ida ta ainihi game da yanayin comets ba, kodayake sun gabatar da wasu ƙididdigar da aka sani yanzu sun yi kuskure.{{Sfn|Drake|1957}}{{Sfn|Drake|1960}} (Tayhin da ya dace don nazarin comets an gabatar da shi a lokacin ta hanyar Tycho Brahe.) A cikin sashi na buɗewa, ''Magana'' ta Galileo da Guiducci sun zagi Jesuit Christoph Scheiner, kuma maganganu daban-daban marasa ladabi game da farfesa na Collegio Romano sun warwatse a cikin aikin.{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}{{Sfn|Galilei|Guiducci|1960}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}Jesuits sun yi fushi, kuma nan da nan Grassi ya amsa da wata takarda mai rikitarwa ta kansa, The Astronomical and Philosophical Balance, a karkashin sunan Lothario Sarsio Sigensano, yana da'awar kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibansa.{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}{{Sfn|Grassi|1960b}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Grassi|1960b}}Mai ba da shawara shine amsar Galileo mai banƙyama ga Ma'aunin Astronomical.{{Sfn|Galilei|Guiducci|1960}}An san shi sosai a matsayin babban aikin wallafe-wallafen jayayya, wanda ke fuskantar muhawara ta "Sarsi".{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Drake|1957}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}An gaishe shi da yabo mai yawa kuma musamman ya faranta wa sabon shugaban Kirista, Urban na takwas rai, wanda aka keɓe shi.{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}A Roma, a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, Barberini, Urban na takwas na gaba, ya sauka a gefen Galileo da Kwalejin Lincean.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Amir Alexander}}</ref> Rashin jituwa da Grassi ya rabu da Jesuits da yawa har abada, kuma Galileo da abokansa sun gamsu cewa suna da alhakin kawo hukuncin da ya yi daga baya, kodayake tabbatar da wannan ba cikakke ba ne.{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Blackwell|2006}} === Rikici game da tsakiya na rana === [[File:Galileo_facing_the_Roman_Inquisition.jpg|thumb|Hoton Cristiano Banti na 1857 Galileo yana fuskantar Inquisition na Roma''Galileo yana fuskantar tuhumar RomawaBinciken Roman'']] A lokacin rikici na Galileo da Ikilisiya, Yakin addini da Counter-Reformation sun tayar da Turai. Yawancin mutanen da suka yi karatu sun yi rajista ga ra'ayin Aristotelian geocentric cewa Duniya ita ce Cibiyar sararin samaniya da kuma hanyoyin dukkan abubuwa na sama, ko sabon tsarin Tycho Brahe wanda ya haɗu da geocentrism tare da heliocentrisms.{{Sfn|Hannam|2009}}Rubuce-rubucen Galileo game da heliocentrism sun fuskanci ƙin yarda na addini da kimiyya. Hamayya ta addini ta samo asali ne daga ayoyin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da ke nuna yanayin duniya.{{Efn|Such passages include [[Psalms|Psalm]] [[s:Bible (World English)/Psalms#Psalm 93|93:1]], [[s:Bible (World English)/Psalms#Psalm 96|96:10]], and [[Books of Chronicles|1 Chronicles]] [[s:Bible (World English)/1 Chronicles#Chapter 16|16:30]] which include text stating, "The world also is established. It can not be moved." In the same manner, [[s:Bible (World English)/Psalms#Psalm 104|Psalm 104:5]] says, "He (the Lord) laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be moved forever." Further, [[Ecclesiastes]] [[s:Bible (World English)/Ecclesiastes#Chapter 1|1:5]] states, "The sun also rises, and the sun goes down, and hurries to its place where it rises", and [[Book of Joshua|Joshua]] 10:14 states, "Sun, stand still on Gibeon...".{{sfn |Brodrick |1965 |p=95}}}} Hamayya ta kimiyya ta fito ne daga Brahe, wanda ya yi jayayya cewa heliocentrism zai nuna parallax na shekara-shekara, kodayake babu wanda aka lura a lokacin.{{Efn|The discovery of the [[Aberration (astronomy)|aberration of light]] by [[James Bradley]] in January 1729 was the first conclusive evidence for the movement of the Earth, and hence for [[Aristarchus of Samos|Aristarchus]], Copernicus and Kepler's theories; it was announced in January 1729.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bradley |first=James |date=1728 |title=A Letter from the Reverend Mr. James Bradley Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford, and F.R.S. to Dr. Edmond Halley Astronom. Reg. &c. Giving an Account of a New Discovered Motion of the Fix'd Stars |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London |volume=35 |issue=406 |pages=637–661 |doi=10.1098/rstl.1727.0064}}</ref> The second evidence was produced by [[Friedrich Bessel]] in 1838.}} Aristarchus da Copernicus sun yi daidai da cewa parallax ba shi da mahimmanci saboda taurari suna da nisa sosai. Koyaya, Brahe ya musanta cewa tunda taurari sun bayyana suna da girman kusurwa mai ma'ana, idan taurari sun kasance da nisa, dole ne su fi Sun girma ko ma da zagaye na Duniya.{{Sfn|Graney|Danielson|2014}}Ba zai kasance ba har sai da yawa daga baya cewa masu binciken taurari sun fahimci girman taurari ya haifar da wani abu na gani da ake kira airy disk, kuma ayyuka ne na hasken su maimakon girman jiki na gaskiya (duba tarihin girman).{{Sfn|Graney|Danielson|2014}} Galileo ya kare heliocentrism bisa ga abubuwan da ya lura da su a shekara ta 1609. A cikin shekara ta 1611, a wannan shekarar ne mambobin Jesuit na Collegio Romano suka amince da binciken Galileo, kwamiti na cardinals ya fara binciken Galileo, yana tambaya idan ya shiga cikin shari'ar Cesare Cremonini, wanda ya koyar tare da Galileo a Jami'ar Padua kuma an tuhume shi da ridda. Wadannan tambayoyin sun nuna karo na farko da aka ambaci sunan Galileo ta Roman Inquisition. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1613, Grand Duchess Christina ta Florence ta fuskanci daya daga cikin abokan Galileo da mabiyanta, Benedetto Castelli, tare da ƙin yarda da motsi na Duniya.{{Efn|According to [[Maurice Finocchiaro]], this was done in a friendly and gracious manner, out of curiosity.{{sfn |Finocchiaro |1989 |pp=27–28}}}} Da wannan lamarin ya sa ya sa, Galileo ya rubuta wasika mai shafi takwas ga Castelli inda ya yi jayayya cewa heliocentrism ba ya saba wa matani na Littafi Mai-Tsarki kuma cewa Littafi Mai-Msarki iko ne akan bangaskiya da ɗabi'a, ba kimiyya ba. Ba a buga wannan wasika ba amma an rarraba ta ko'ina.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Galileo ya rubuta wasika ga Christina wanda ya fadada hujjojinsa zuwa shafuka arba'in.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}} [[File:Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei_(Uffizi).jpg|left|thumb|''Hoton Galili'' na Justus Sustermans, 1635]] A shekara ta 1615, an gabatar da rubuce-rubucen Galileo game da heliocentrism ga Roman Inquisition ta Uba Niccolò Lorini, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa Galileo da mabiyansa suna ƙoƙarin sake fassara Littafi Mai-Tsarki, wanda aka gani a matsayin keta Majalisar Trent kuma ya yi kama da [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]].[g]{{Sfn|Langford|1998}}Lorini musamman ya ambaci wasikar Galileo ga Castelli.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}Galileo ya tafi Roma don kare kansa da ra'ayoyinsa. A farkon shekara ta 1616, Francesco Ingoli ya fara muhawara tare da Galileo, ya aiko masa da wata kasida da ke jayayya da tsarin Copernican. Galileo daga baya ya bayyana cewa ya yi imanin cewa wannan rubutun ya taimaka wajen yaki da Copernicanism da ya biyo baya.{{Sfn|Graney|2015}}Wataƙila Inquisition ta ba da izini ga Ingoli don rubuta ra'ayi na ƙwararru game da gardamar, tare da rubutun da ke ba da tushen ayyukan Inquisition.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|2010}}Rubutun ya mayar da hankali kan hujjoji goma sha takwas na jiki da lissafi game da heliocentrism. Ya samo asali ne daga muhawara ta Tycho Brahe, musamman cewa heliocentrism zai buƙaci taurari kamar yadda suka bayyana sun fi Sun girma.{{Efn|Ingoli wrote that the great distance to the stars in the heliocentric theory "clearly proves ... the fixed stars to be of such size, as they may surpass or equal the size of the orbit circle of the Earth itself".{{sfn |Graney |2015 |p=71}}}} Rubutun ya hada da muhawara huɗu na tauhidi, amma Ingoli ya ba da shawarar Galileo ya mai da hankali kan muhawara ta jiki da lissafi, kuma bai ambaci ra'ayoyin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Galileo ba.{{Sfn|Graney|2015}} A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1616, kwamitin Inquisitorial ya bayyana cewa heliocentrism ya zama "wawa da wauta a falsafar, kuma a hukumance ya zama ridda tunda a bayyane ya saba wa ma'anar Nassi Mai Tsarki a wurare da yawa". Inquisition ta gano cewa ra'ayin motsi na Duniya "yana karɓar hukunci iri ɗaya a falsafar kuma ... game da gaskiyar tauhidin, aƙalla kuskure ne a bangaskiya".<ref name="wcumf">{{Cite web |last=Finocchiaro |first=M. |title=West Chester University – History of Astronomy; Lecture notes: Texts from The Galileo Affair: A Documentary History |url=http://astro.wcupa.edu/mgagne/ess362/resources/finocchiaro.html#conreport |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013053/http://astro.wcupa.edu/mgagne/ess362/resources/finocchiaro.html#conreport |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=18 February 2014 |publisher=West Chester University |id=ESS 362 / 562}}</ref> {{Spaces}}Paparoma Paul V ya umarci Kadanal Bellarmine ya gabatar da wannan binciken ga Galileo, da kuma umarce shi da ya bar heliocentrism. A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, an kira Galileo zuwa gidan Bellarmine kuma ya umarce shi "ya watsar gaba ɗaya ... ra'ayin cewa rana tana tsaye har yanzu a tsakiyar duniya kuma Duniya tana motsawa, kuma daga nan gaba kada a riƙe shi, koyarwa, ko kare shi a kowace hanya, ko dai ta baki ko a rubuce".{{Spaces}} Dokar Ikilisiyar Index ta haramta De Revolutionibus na Copernicus da sauran ayyukan heliocentric har sai an gyara shi.{{Sfn|Heilbron|2010}}{{Sfn|Heilbron|2010}} Shekaru goma masu zuwa, Galileo ya kasance nesa da gardamar. Ya farfado da aikinsa na rubuta littafi a kan batun, wanda aka karfafa shi da zaben Kadinal Maffeo Barberini a matsayin Paparoma Urban na takwas a 1623. Barberini aboki ne kuma mai sha'awar Galileo kuma ya yi adawa da gargadi na Galileo a cikin 1616. Littafin da Galileo ya samo asali, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, an buga shi a cikin 1632, tare da izini na musamman daga Inquisition da izinin papal.<ref name="Pope Urban VIII">{{Cite web |title=Pope Urban VIII Biography |url=http://galileo.rice.edu/gal/urban.html |website=Galileo Project}}</ref> Tun da farko, Paparoma Urban na takwas da kansa ya nemi Galileo ya ba da hujjoji don da kuma adawa da heliocentrism a cikin littafin kuma ya yi hankali kada ya ba da shawarar heliocentristm. Ko ba tare da sani ba ko da gangan ba, Simplicio, mai kare ra'ayi na Aristotle a cikin Tattaunawa game da Tsarin Duniya guda Biyu, sau da yawa ana kama shi cikin kurakuran kansa kuma wani lokacin ya zo a matsayin wawa. Lalle ne, kodayake Galileo ya bayyana a cikin gabatarwar littafinsa cewa an sanya sunan halayen ne bayan sanannen masanin falsafar Aristotelian (Simplicius a Latin, "Simplicio" a Italiyanci), sunan "Simplecio" a cikin Italiyanci kuma yana da ma'anar "Mai sauƙi".{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1997}}{{Sfn|Moss|Wallace|2003}} Wannan hoton Simplicio ya sa Tattaunawa game da Babban Tsarin Duniya guda Biyu ya bayyana a matsayin jayayya game da tsarin Aristotelian a cikin kare ka'idar Copernican. Yawancin masana tarihi sun yarda cewa Galileo bai yi niyyar yin ba'a ba'a kuma ya yi mamakin yadda aka yi wa littafinsa.{{Efn|Drake asserts that Simplicio's character is modelled on the Aristotelian philosophers Lodovico delle Colombe and [[Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)|Cesare Cremonini]], rather than Urban.{{sfn |Drake |1978 |p=355}} He also considers that the demand for Galileo to include the Pope's argument in the ''Dialogue'' left him with no option but to put it in the mouth of Simplicio.{{sfn |Drake |1953 |p=491}} Even [[Arthur Koestler]], who is generally quite harsh on Galileo in ''[[The Sleepwalkers (Koestler book)|The Sleepwalkers]]'', after noting that Urban suspected Galileo of having intended Simplicio to be a caricature of him, says "this of course is untrue".{{sfn |Koestler |1990 |p=483}}}} Koyaya, Paparoma bai ɗauki rashin girmamawar jama'a ba, ko kuma goyon bayan Copernican.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|2007b}}Dava Sobel ya yi jayayya cewa kafin shari'ar Galileo ta 1633 da hukunci don ridda, an zargi Paparoma Urban na takwas da rauni wajen kare cocin, kuma ya damu da rikice-rikicen kotu da matsalolin jihar, yana tsoron har ma da rayuwarsa. A cikin wannan mahallin, Sobel ya yi jayayya cewa Urban ya ji an ci amanarsa da Galileo's Dialogues, kuma masu shiga kotu da abokan gaba na Galileo sun yi amfani da wannan jin.{{Sfn|Sobel|2000}}Mario Livio ya sanya al'amarin Galileo a cikin mahallin kimiyya da siyasa na zamani, yana yin kwatankwacin ƙin kimiyya na zamani. == Dubi kuma == * Cocin Katolika da kimiyya * Na biyu pendulum * Gidan magana na Galileo * Villa Il Gioiello == Manazarta == === Bayani === === Babban tushe da aka ambata ===   [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1564]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8a3cpkedlog454kh7soyd8ey94wirbk 975494 975493 2026-11-03T08:43:02Z Zahrah0 14848 975494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Galileo''' di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de 'Galilei (an haife a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif 1564 zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Janairu shekara ta alif 1642), wanda aka fi sanin sa da '''Galileo Galilei'''{{Efn|English: {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɡ|æ|l|ɪ|ˈ|l|eɪ|oʊ|_|ˌ|ɡ|æ|l|ɪ|ˈ|l|eɪ}} {{respell|GAL|il|AY|oh|_|GAL|il|AY}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|ˌ|ɡ|æ|l|ɪ|ˈ|l|iː|oʊ|_|-}} {{respell|GAL|il|EE|oh|_-}}; {{IPA|it|ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛi|lang|small=no}}.<!--NOT [ɛːi]; the /ɛi/ sequence forms a diphthong [ɛi̯] and thus /ɛ/ is not long because it is not at the end of a word-internal syllable; see [[Italian phonology#Vowels]]-->}} ko kuma Galileo, masanin taurari ne na Italiya, masanin kimiyyar lissafi, [[Injiniyoyi|injiniya]] da kuma polymath.{{Efn|Though a [[Unification of Italy|unified Italian state]] did not exist and Galilei was instead a national of the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]], the Latin equivalent of the [[Italians#Name|term ''Italian'']] (''italus'') had been in use for natives of [[Italian geographical region|the region]] since antiquity.<ref>[[Pliny the Younger]], ''[[Epistulae (Pliny)|Letters]]'' 9.23.</ref> Crucially, the intellectuals and the bourgeoisie of the region self-identified as ''Italiani'' at least since the 14th century,<ref>[[Dante]], 5th Epistle.</ref><ref>[[Giovanni Boccaccio|Boccaccio]], [[The Decameron|Decameron]] II, 9</ref><ref>[[Catherine of Siena]], Letter 310</ref> and Galilei himself did.<ref>Galileo Galilei, Lettera di Galileo Galilei agl'Illustrissimi e Potentiss. Signori Ordini Generali delle confederate Provincie Belgiche, 1636, in Opere di Galileo Galilei, Società tipografica de' classici italiani, 1811, p. 268</ref>}} {{Spaced en dash}}An haife shi ne a Pisa, sannan wani ɓangare na Duchy na Florence . An kira Galileo uban ilimin taurari na lura, kimiyyar lissafi na gargajiya, Hanyar kimiyya, da Kimiyya ta zamani. Ya yi nazarin saurin gudu da saurin gudu, nauyi da Faduwar kyauta, ka'idar daidaituwa, inertiya, motsi na projectile, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin kimiyya da fasaha, yana kwatanta kaddarorin pendulum da "ma'aunin hydrostatic". Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu haɓaka farko na thermoscope kuma mai kirkirar Compasses na soja daban-daban. Tare da ingantaccen na'urar daukar hoto da ya gina, ya lura da taurari na Milky Way, matakai na Venus, manyan tauraron dan adam guda huɗu na Jupiter, zoben Saturn, Craters na wata, da [[Rashin rana|Sunspots]]. Ya kuma gina microscope na farko. Gwagwarmayar Galileo game da Copernican heliocentrism ta sadu da adawa daga cikin [[Cocin katolika|Cocin Katolika]] da kuma wasu masu binciken taurari. Roman Inquisition ya binciki lamarin a cikin shekara ta 1615, wanda ya kammala cewa ra'ayoyinsa sun saba wa fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki da aka yarda da su.{{Sfn|Hannam|2009}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|2010}} Galileo ya kare ra'ayinsa a cikin Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1632), wanda ya bayyana don jayayya da satiriza Paparoma Urban na takwas, don haka ya nisanta Paparoma da Jesuits, waɗanda dukansu sun goyi bayan Galileo har zuwa wannan batu.{{Sfn|Hannam|2009}}Inquisition ta yi masa shari'a, ta sami "wanda ake zargi da ridda", kuma ta tilasta masa ya tuba. Ya shafe sauran rayuwarsa a karkashin tsare-tsare a gida.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1997}}{{Sfn|Hilliam|2005}}A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Matematiche, ya yi la'akari da wani nau'i na nuove scienze (Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences, 1638) da farko game da kinematics da ƙarfin kayan. == Rayuwa ta farko da iyali == An haifi Galileo a Pisa (a lokacin wani ɓangare na Duchy na Florence) a ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu 1564, <ref name="Galileo Galilei">{{Cite web |last=O'Connor |first=J. J. |last2=Robertson |first2=E .F. |title=Galileo Galilei |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Galileo.html |access-date=24 July 2007 |website=The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive |publisher=[[University of St Andrews]], Scotland}}</ref> ta farko cikin 'ya'ya shida na Vincenzo Galilei, babban mawaki, kuma Masanin ilimin kiɗa, da Giulia Ammannati, 'yar wani fitaccen ɗan kasuwa, wanda ya yi aure shekaru biyu da suka gabata a 1562, lokacin da yake da shekaru 42 kuma tana da shekara 24. Vincenzo ya kasance wani ɓangare na Florentine Camerata, wanda ya kafa tushe ga sabon nau'in [[opera]]. Galileo ya zama ƙwararren ɗan lute da kansa.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}} Uku daga cikin 'yan uwan Galileo guda biyar sun tsira daga jariri. Mafi ƙanƙanta, Michelangelo (ko Michelagnolo), ya kuma zama mawaƙi da mawaƙa wanda ya kara nauyin kuɗi na Galileo ga sauran rayuwarsa.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}}Michelangelo bai iya ba da gudummawar rabon da ya dace na sadakar da mahaifinsu ya yi wa surukansu alkawari ba, wanda daga baya ya yi ƙoƙari ya nemi magungunan shari'a don biyan kuɗi. Michelangelo kuma a wasu lokuta dole ne ya ranta kuɗi daga Galileo don tallafawa ƙoƙarinsa na kiɗa da tafiye-tafiye. Wadannan nauyin kudi na iya ba da gudummawa ga sha'awar farko ta Galileo don haɓaka abubuwan kirkirar da za su kawo masa ƙarin kuɗin shiga.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}} Lokacin da Galileo Galilei ya kasance takwas, iyalinsa suka koma Florence, amma an bar shi a ƙarƙashin kulawar Muzio Tedaldi na tsawon shekaru biyu. Lokacin da Galileo yake da shekaru goma, ya bar Pisa ya haɗu da iyalinsa a Florence, inda ya zo ƙarƙashin kulawar Jacopo Borghini . <ref name="Galileo Galilei" /> Ya yi karatu, musamman a cikin tunani, daga 1575 zuwa 1578 a cikin Vallombrosa Abbey, kimanin {{Convert|30|km}} (19 kudu maso gabashin Florence.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=John Gribbin}}</ref><ref name="Gilbert, N. W. 1963 223–231">{{Cite journal |last=Gilbert |first=N. W. |year=1963 |title=Galileo and the School of Padua |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-history-of-philosophy_1963-12_1_2/page/223 |journal=Journal of the History of Philosophy |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=223–231 |doi=10.1353/hph.2008.1474 |issn=0022-5053 |s2cid=144276512}}</ref> Galileo ya saba kiran kansa da sunansa na farko. A lokacin, sunayen mahaifi sun kasance zaɓi a Italiya, kuma sunansa na farko yana da asali iri ɗaya da sunan danginsa na wani lokaci, Galilei . Dukansu sunansa da sunan iyali sun samo asali ne daga kakanninmu, Galileo Bonaiuti, wani muhimmin likita, farfesa, kuma ɗan siyasa a Florence a karni na 15.{{Sfn|Sobel|2000}}Lokacin da ya kira kansa da sunaye fiye da ɗaya, wani lokacin ana kiransa Galileo Galilei Linceo, yana nufin kasancewa memba na Accademia dei Lincei, ƙungiyar kimiyya mai daraja da aka kafa a cikin Papal States. Ya zama ruwan dare ga iyalan Tuscan na tsakiyar karni na 16 su ba da sunan ɗan fari bayan sunan mahaifiyar iyaye.{{Sfn|Sobel|2000}}Saboda haka, ba lallai ba ne a sanya sunan Galileo Galilei bayan kakansa Galileo Bonaiuti. Maza na Italiyanci da aka ba da sunan "Galileo" (kuma daga nan ne sunan mahaifiyar "Galilei") ya samo asali ne daga Latin "Galilaeus", ma'ana "na Galili". {{Sfn|Sobel|2000}}Wannan sunan na Littafi Mai-Tsarki ya zama batun (wanda ake zaton) pun.{{Efn|Maurice Finocchiaro, in the source referenced here for this "pun" story (Finocchiaro 1989, 330–331) states, "I am not aware of any direct documentary evidence [for this story], nor is any reference given by the various authors who repeat the story." He also notes that the earliest mention of the story seems to be 1773.}} A cikin 1614, a lokacin Al'amarin Galileo, daya daga cikin abokan adawar Galileo, firist na Dominican Tommaso Caccini, ya gabatar da wa'azi mai rikitarwa da tasiri a kan Galileo wanda ya yi ƙaulin Littafin Ayyukan Manzanni: "Ku mazajen Galili, me ya sa ku tsaya ku kalli sama?".{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}} === Yara ===   Ko da yake Katolika ne mai ibada, Galileo ya haifi 'ya'ya uku ba tare da aure ba tare da Marina Gamba: 'ya'yan mata Virginia (an haife su 1600) da Livia (1601), da ɗa Vincenzo (1606). {{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}} Saboda haihuwarsu ba bisa ka'ida ba, Galileo ya yi la'akari da 'yan matan da ba za a iya yin aure ba, suna buƙatar tallafi mai tsada ko sadaki mai yawa, kamar matsalolin kudi na Galileo da suka gabata tare da' yan uwansa mata biyu.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}}Hanyar da za a iya girmamawa ita ce rayuwar addini: sun zama nuns na dindindin a gidan ibada na San Matteo a Arcetri.{{Sfn|Sobel|2000}} Virginia ta ɗauki sunan Maria Celeste lokacin da ta shiga gidan ibada. Ta mutu a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1634, kuma an binne ta tare da Galileo a Basilica na Santa Croce, Florence . Livia ta ɗauki sunan Sister Arcangela kuma ba ta da lafiya mafi yawan rayuwarta. Daga baya aka ba da izini ga Vincenzo a matsayin magajin Galileo, kuma ya auri Sestilia Bocchineri . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Olaf Pedersen|last=George V. Coyne|title=Michał Heller}}</ref> == Ayyuka da gudummawar kimiyya ta farko == Kodayake Galileo ya yi la'akari da firist a matsayin saurayi, a kan shawarar mahaifinsa ya shiga cikin 1580 a Jami'ar Pisa don digiri na likita.{{Sfn|Reston|2000}}Jawabin Girolamo Borro, Domingo de Soto da Francesco Buonamici na Florence sun rinjaye shi.<ref name="Gilbert, N. W. 1963 223–231" /> A shekara ta 1581, lokacin da yake karatun likitanci, ya lura da wani kyandir mai juyawa, wanda iska ke juyawa zuwa juyawa a cikin manyan da ƙananan arcs. A gare shi, ya zama kamar, idan aka kwatanta da bugun zuciyarsa, cewa kandal ɗin ya ɗauki lokaci iri ɗaya don juyawa baya da gaba, ba tare da la'akari da yadda yake juyawa ba. Lokacin da ya dawo gida, ya kafa pendulums guda biyu daidai kuma ya juya daya tare da babban sweep ɗayan kuma tare da karamin sweep kuma ya gano cewa sun riƙe lokaci tare. Ba har sai aikin Christiaan Huygens ba, kusan shekaru ɗari bayan haka, an yi amfani da yanayin tautochrone na pendulum mai juyawa don ƙirƙirar daidai lokaci. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, an hana Galileo da gangan daga [[lissafi]], tunda likita ya sami kudin shiga mafi girma fiye da masanin lissafi. Koyaya, bayan ya halarci lacca ba zato ba tsammani game da lissafi, ya yi magana da mahaifinsa mai jinkiri don ya bar shi ya yi karatun lissafi da falsafar halitta maimakon magani.<ref name="Asimov" /> Ya kirkiro thermoscope, wanda ya fara amfani da thermometer, kuma, a cikin 1586, ya buga wani karamin littafi game da ƙirar ma'aunin hydrostatic da ya kirkira (wanda ya fara kawo shi ga hankalin duniya mai ilimi). Galileo ya kuma yi nazarin disegno, kalmar da ta ƙunshi fasaha mai kyau, kuma, a cikin 1588, ya sami matsayin malami a cikin Accademia delle Arti del Disegno a Florence, koyar da hangen nesa da chiaroscuro. A cikin wannan shekarar, a kan gayyatar da Kwalejin Florentine ta yi, ya gabatar da laccoci biyu, On the Shape, Location, and Size of [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s Inferno, a cikin ƙoƙari na ba da shawarar tsarin tsarin cosmological na Dante's Divine Comedy . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Len Fisher |date=16 February 2016 |title=Galileo, Dante Alighieri, and how to calculate the dimensions of hell |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/ockhamsrazor/galileo-mapped-dimensions-dante-inferno-hell/7164468 |access-date=9 January 2022 |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> Da yake an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar al'adun fasaha na birnin da ayyukan Masu zane-zane na Renaissance, Galileo ya sami kyakkyawan tunani. Yayinda yake matashi malami a Accademia, ya fara abota da mai zane na Florentine Cigoli . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ostrow |first=Steven F. |date=June 1996 |title=Cigoli's Immacolata and Galileo's Moon: Astronomy and the Virgin in early seicento Rome |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Article/Cigoli-s-Immacolata-and-Galileo-s-Moon--/0F2C437DF2829CF5 |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=MutualArt |language=en}}</ref><ref name="panofsky">{{Cite journal |last=Panofsky |first=Erwin |author-link=Erwin Panofsky |date=1956 |title=Galileo as a Critic of the Arts: Aesthetic Attitude and Scientific Thought |journal=Isis |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=3–15 |doi=10.1086/348450 |jstor=227542 |s2cid=145451645}}</ref> A shekara ta 1589, an nada shi a matsayin shugaban lissafi a Pisa. A shekara ta 1591, mahaifinsa ya mutu, kuma an ba shi kula da ƙanensa Michelagnolo. A shekara ta 1592, ya koma Jami'ar Padua inda ya koyar da lissafi, injiniya, da ilimin taurari har zuwa shekara ta 1610.{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}A wannan lokacin, Galileo ya yi muhimman abubuwan da aka gano a cikin kimiyya mai tsabta da kuma [[kimiyya mai amfani]]. Abubuwan da yake sha'awa da yawa sun haɗa da nazarin astrology, wanda a lokacin horo ne da ke da alaƙa da nazarin lissafi, ilimin taurari da magani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rutkin |first=H. D. |title=Galileo, Astrology, and the Scientific Revolution: Another Look |url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPST/colloquia0405.html |access-date=15 April 2007 |publisher=Program in History & Philosophy of Science & Technology, Stanford University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Battistini |first=Andrea |year=2018 |title=Galileo as Practising Astrologer |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021828618793218 |journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy |publisher=Journal of the History Of Astronomy, Sage |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=388–391 |bibcode=2018JHA....49..345. |doi=10.1177/0021828618793218 |s2cid=220119861 |access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Galileo ya shiga aikin injiniya na ruwa, yana samun takardar shaidar daga Jamhuriyar Venetian don famfo na ruwa mai amfani da doki a cikin 1594.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museo Galileo – Multimedia – Water-raising machine |url=https://catalogue.museogalileo.it/multimedia/WaterraisingMachineBis.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519231522/https://catalogue.museogalileo.it/multimedia/WaterraisingMachineBis.html |archive-date=2024-05-19 |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=catalogue.museogalileo.it}}</ref> === Ilimin taurari === ==== Supernova na Kepler ==== [[Tycho Brahe]] da sauransu sun lura da supernova na shekara ta 1572. Wasikar Ottavio Brenzoni ta 15 ga Janairu 1605 zuwa Galileo ta kawo supernova ta 1572 da kuma mafi ƙarancin haske na 1601 ga sanarwa ta Galileo. Galileo ya lura kuma ya tattauna Kepler's Supernova a cikin 1604. Tun da yake waɗannan sabbin taurari ba su nuna wani parallax na yau da kullun ba, Galileo ya kammala cewa taurari ne masu nisa, sabili da haka, ya karyata imanin [[Aristotle]] game da rashin canji na sammai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kollerstrom |first=N. |author-link=Nicholas Kollerstrom |date=October 2004 |title=Galileo and the new star |url=https://www.dioi.org/kn/NewStar.pdf |journal=[[Astronomy Now]] |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=58–59 |bibcode=2004AsNow..18j..58K |issn=0951-9726 |access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref> ==== Na'urar daukar hotuna mai banƙyama ==== [[File:Galileo_galilei,_telescopi_del_1609-10_ca..JPG|thumb|"Cannocchiali" telescopes a Museo Galileo, Florence, wanda ake zargi da zama telescopes na Galili (sama: 1610-1630; kasa: 1609-1640) ]] Wataƙila ya dogara ne kawai akan bayanin na'urar daukar hoto ta farko wanda Hans Lippershey ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba da izini a cikin Netherlands a cikin 1608, Galileo, a cikin shekara mai zuwa, ya yi na'urar kallon ido tare da kusan 3× girma.{{Sfn|King|2003}} Daga baya ya inganta fasalin tare da kusan girman 30x.{{Sfn|Drake|1990}}Tare da na'urar daukar hoto ta Galili, mai kallo zai iya ganin hotuna masu girma, masu tsaye a duniya - abin da aka fi sani da na'ura mai daukar hoto na duniya ko spyglass. Hakanan yana iya amfani da shi don lura da sama; na wani lokaci yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda za su iya gina telescopes masu kyau don wannan dalili. A ranar 25 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1609, ya nuna daya daga cikin na'urorin sa na farko, tare da girman kusan 8 × ko 9 ×, ga 'yan majalisa na [[Venezia|Venetian]]. Telescopes kuma sun kasance hanyar riba ga Galileo, wanda ya sayar da su ga 'yan kasuwa waɗanda suka same su da amfani a teku da kuma kayan kasuwanci. Ya buga bincikensa na farko na astronomical a watan Maris na shekara ta 1610 a cikin wani taƙaitaccen littafi mai taken ''Sidereus Nuncius'' (Starry Messenger).{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}} [[File:Sidereus,_nuncius_magna_longeqve_admirabilia_spectacula..._Wellcome_L0072633.jpg|thumb|Hoton wata daga ''Sidereus Nuncius'', wanda aka buga a Venice, 1610]] A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1609, Galileo ya yi amfani da na'urar daukar hoto a [[Wata]].{{Sfn|Edgerton|2009}}Duk da yake ba shine mutum na farko da ya lura da wata ta hanyar madubi ba (masanin lissafi na Ingilishi Thomas Harriot ya yi haka watanni huɗu da suka gabata amma kawai ya ga "baƙon tabo"), Galileo shine na farko da zai gano dalilin rashin daidaituwa kamar yadda haske ya ɓoye daga tsaunuka da craters na wata.{{Sfn|Edgerton|2009}} A cikin bincikensa, ya kuma yi sigogi na taswirar, yana kimanta tsawo na duwatsu. Wata ba abin da aka daɗe ana tunanin cewa cikakkiyar ma'ana ce ba, kamar yadda Aristotle ya yi iƙirarin, kuma kusan "duniyar" ta farko, "lu'u-lu'u ta har abada don hawa cikin sararin samaniya", kamar yadda [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]] ya gabatar. Wani lokaci ana yaba wa Galileo tare da ganowar litattafan wata a latitude a cikin 1632, kodayake Thomas Harriot ko William Gilbert na iya yin hakan a baya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephen Pumfrey |date=15 April 2009 |title=Harriot's maps of the Moon: new interpretations |journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=163–168 |doi=10.1098/rsnr.2008.0062 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mai zane Cigoli, aboki na Galileo, ya haɗa da ainihin kwatancin wata a cikin ɗayan zane-zanensa; mai yiwuwa ya yi amfani da nasa na'urar daukar hoto don yin kallo.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Watanni na Jupiter ==== A ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1610, Galileo ya lura da na'urar daukar hoto abin da ya bayyana a lokacin a matsayin "taurari uku masu tsayayya, gaba ɗaya ba a ganuwa ba saboda ƙanƙansu", duk kusa da Jupiter, kuma yana kwance a kan layi madaidaiciya ta hanyarsa.{{Efn|''i.e.'', invisible to the naked eye.}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}Bincike a daren da suka biyo baya ya nuna cewa matsayin waɗannan "taurari" da suka danganci Jupiter suna canzawa ta hanyar da ba za a iya bayyana su ba idan sun kasance Taurari masu tsayayyu. A ranar 10 ga watan Janairu, Galileo ya lura cewa daya daga cikinsu ya ɓace, wani kallo wanda ya danganta shi da ɓoye a bayan Jupiter. A ranar 13 ga watan Janairu ya ga abubuwa hudu daban-daban, kuma a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun ya kammala cewa suna kewaye da Jupiter: ya gano manyan watanni hudu na Jupiter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Moons: Our History of Solar System Satellites |url=https://www.mos.org/article/new-moons-our-history-solar-system-satellites |access-date=6 May 2026 |website=www.mos.org |publisher=Museum of Science}}</ref>{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}Wannan binciken ya ba da shaida a cikin goyon bayan tsarin heliocentric na [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]]. Galileo ya ba da sunan ƙungiyar taurari huɗu na Medicean, don girmama mai kula da shi na gaba, Cosimo II de 'Medici, Grand Duke na Tuscany, da 'yan uwan Cosimo uku.{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}Daga baya masu binciken sararin samaniya, duk da haka, sun sake musu suna tauraron dan adam na Galili don girmama wanda ya gano su. Simon Marius ne ya gano wadannan tauraron dan adam a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1610 kuma yanzu ana kiransu Io, Europa, Ganymede, da Callisto, sunayen da Marius ya bayar a cikin ''Mundus Iovialis'' da aka buga a shekara ta 1614.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pasachoff |first=J. M. |date=May 2015 |title=Simon Marius's Mundus Iovialis: 400th Anniversary in Galileo's Shadow |journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=218–234 |bibcode=2015JHA....46..218P |doi=10.1177/0021828615585493 |s2cid=120470649}}</ref> [[File:Carte_de_France_corrigée_par_ordre_du_Roy.jpg|thumb|Taswirar Faransa da aka gabatar a cikin 1684, yana nuna tsarin taswirar da ta gabata (bayani mai haske) idan aka kwatanta da sabon binciken da aka gudanar ta amfani da watanni na Jupiter a matsayin daidai lokacin (bayani mafi nauyi) ]] Binciken da Galileo ya yi game da tauraron dan adam na Jupiter ya haifar da gardama a cikin ilimin taurari: duniyar da ke da ƙananan taurari da ke kewaye da ita ba ta dace da ka'idodin Ilimin sararin samaniya na Aristotle ba, wanda ya yi imanin cewa duk abubuwan da ke sama ya kamata su kewaye Duniya, kuma yawancin masanan taurari da falsafa da farko sun ki yarda cewa Galileo na iya gano irin wannan abu.{{Sfn|Linton|2004}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}Da yake kara wannan matsala, wasu masu binciken sararin samaniya suna da wahalar tabbatar da abubuwan da Galileo ya lura. Lokacin da ya nuna na'urar daukar hoto a Bologna, masu halarta sun yi ƙoƙari su ga watannin. Ɗaya daga cikinsu, Martin Horky, ya lura cewa wasu taurari masu tsayayya, kamar Spica Virginis, sun bayyana sau biyu ta hanyar madubi. Ya ɗauki wannan a matsayin shaida cewa kayan aikin yaudara ne yayin kallon sammai, yana jefa shakku game da wanzuwar watannin.{{Sfn|Feyerabend|1975}}{{Sfn|Naess|2004}}Cibiyar lura da Christopher Clavius a Roma ta tabbatar da abubuwan da aka lura kuma, kodayake ba ta da tabbacin yadda za a fassara su, ta ba Galileo maraba da jarumi lokacin da ya ziyarci shekara mai zuwa.{{Sfn|Hannam|2009}}Galileo ya ci gaba da lura da tauraron dan adam a cikin watanni goma sha takwas masu zuwa, kuma a tsakiyar shekara ta 1611, ya sami ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun lokuta don lokutan su - aikin da [[Johannes Kepler]] ya yi imanin ba zai yiwu ba.{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}} Galileo ya ga amfani mai amfani ga bincikensa. Tabbatar da matsayin gabas da yamma na jiragen ruwa a teku ya buƙaci a haɗa agogo tare da agogo a farkon meridian. Warware wannan matsalar tana da matukar muhimmanci ga kewayawa mai aminci kuma Spain da Holland sun kafa manyan kyaututtuka don mafita. Tun da yake hasken rana na watannin da ya gano ya kasance sau da yawa kuma ana iya hango lokutan su da cikakken daidaito, ana iya amfani da su don saita agogo na jirgin ruwa kuma Galileo ya nemi kyaututtuka. Binciken watanni daga jirgin ruwa ya zama da wahala sosai, amma an yi amfani da hanyar don binciken ƙasa, gami da sake fasalin Faransa.<ref name="rgm">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2014 |title=Solving Longitude: Jupiter's Moons |url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/solving-longitude-jupiters-moons |publisher=[[Royal Museums Greenwich]]}}</ref> ==== Matakai na Venus ==== Daga Satumba 1610, Galileo ya lura cewa Venus tana nuna cikakken tsari na matakai masu kama da na wata. Tsarin heliocentric na Copernicus na [[Tsarin hasken rana|Tsarin hasken]] [[Rana]] ya yi hasashen cewa duk matakai za su kasance bayyane tun lokacin da Venus ke kewaye da Rana zai sa haskensa ya fuskanci Duniya lokacin da yake a gefen Rana kuma ya fuskanci duniya lokacin da yake kan gefen Duniya na Rana. A cikin Tsarin Ptolemy na geocentric, ba zai yiwu ba ga kowane bangare na taurari ya haɗu da harsashi mai ɗauke da Rana. A al'adance, an sanya orbit na Venus gaba ɗaya a gefen kusa da Sun, inda zai iya nuna kawai crescent da sababbin matakai. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a sanya shi gaba ɗaya a gefen nesa na Rana, inda zai iya nuna kawai gibbous da cikakkun matakai. Bayan binciken da Galileo ya yi game da crescent, gibbous da cikakkun matakai na Venus, tsarin Ptolemaic ya zama wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=David Wootton (historian)}}</ref> A farkon karni na 17, sakamakon bincikensa, yawancin masu binciken taurari sun canza zuwa ɗaya daga cikin samfuran duniya daban-daban, kamar Tychonic, Capellan da Extended Capellan, kowannensu ko dai tare da ko ba tare da duniya mai juyawa ba.{{Efn|In the Capellan model only Mercury and Venus orbit the Sun, whilst in its extended version such as expounded by Riccioli, Mars also orbits the Sun, but the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn are centred on the Earth.}} Wadannan duk sun bayyana matakai na Venus ba tare da 'karyata' cikakken hasashen heliocentrism na parallax na taurari ba.{{Sfn|Thoren|1989}}{{Sfn|Hoskin|1999}} ==== Saturn da Neptune ==== A cikin 1610, Galileo ya kuma lura da Saturn, kuma da farko ya yi kuskuren zoben sa don taurari, yana tunanin tsarin jiki uku ne. Lokacin da ya lura da duniyar daga baya, zoben Saturn sun daidaita kai tsaye zuwa Duniya, wanda ya sa ya yi tunanin cewa biyu daga cikin jikin sun ɓace. Zob din ya sake bayyana lokacin da ya lura da duniyar a cikin 1616, ya kara rikitar da shi. Galileo ya lura da [[Neptune]] a cikin 1612. Ya bayyana a cikin litattafansa a matsayin daya daga cikin taurari masu yawa. Bai fahimci cewa duniyar ce ba, amma ya lura da motsi dangane da taurari kafin ya rasa hanyarsa.{{Sfn|Drake|Kowal|1980}} ==== Rashin rana ==== Galileo ya yi nazarin ido da ido na ido na rana. Rayuwarsu ta haifar da wata matsala tare da kammalawar sammai kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin ilimin lissafi na sama na Aristotle. Wani bambancin shekara-shekara a cikin hanyoyin su, wanda Francesco Sizzi da sauransu suka lura a cikin 1612-1613, kuma ya ba da wata hujja mai ƙarfi game da tsarin Ptolemaic da tsarin geoheliocentric na Tycho Brahe.{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Efn|In geostatic systems the apparent annual variation in the motion of sunspots could only be explained as the result of an implausibly complicated precession of the Sun's axis of rotation.{{sfn |Linton |2004 |p=212}}{{sfn |Sharratt |1994 |p=166}}{{sfn |Drake |1970 |pp=191–196}} This did not apply, however, to the modified version of Tycho's system introduced by his protégé, [[Longomontanus]], in which the Earth was assumed to rotate. Longomontanus's system could account for the apparent motions of sunspots just as well as the Copernican.}} Rikici game da da da'awar fifiko a cikin gano sunspots, kuma a cikin fassararsu, ya jagoranci Galileo zuwa dogon rikici tare da Jesuit Christoph Scheiner. A tsakiya shine Mark Welser, wanda Scheiner ya sanar da bincikensa, kuma wanda ya tambayi Galileo don ra'ayinsa. Dukansu biyu ba su san abubuwan da Johannes Fabricius ya lura da su ba da kuma buga sunspots.{{Sfn|Gribbin|2008}} ==== Milky Way da taurari ==== Galileo ya lura da Milky Way, wanda a baya aka yi imanin cewa ba shi da kyau, kuma ya gano cewa tarin taurari ne da suka cika sosai har suka bayyana daga Duniya don zama girgije. Ya gano wasu taurari da yawa da suka yi nisa da ba za a iya gani da ido ba. Ya lura da tauraron biyu Mizar a Ursa Major a cikin 1617 . {{Sfn|Ondra|2004}} A cikin Starry Messenger, Galileo ya ba da rahoton cewa taurari sun bayyana a matsayin hasken haske kawai, wanda ba a canza shi ba ta hanyar madubi, kuma ya bambanta su da taurari, wanda madubi ya bayyana a matsayin diski. Amma ba da daɗewa ba, a cikin wasiƙunsa a kan Sunspots, ya ba da rahoton cewa na'urar daukar hoto ta bayyana siffofin taurari da taurari su zama "kyakkyawan zagaye". Daga wannan batu zuwa gaba, ya ci gaba da bayar da rahoton cewa telescopes sun nuna zagaye na taurari, kuma cewa taurari da aka gani ta hanyar telescope sun auna 'yan seconds na arc a diamita.{{Sfn|Graney|2010}}{{Sfn|Graney|Grayson|2011}}Ya kuma kirkiro wata hanya don auna girman tauraron ba tare da na'urar daukar hoto ba. Hanyar da ya yi ita ce rataye igiya mai laushi a cikin layin gani ga tauraron kuma ya auna iyakar nisan da zai rufe tauraron gaba ɗaya. Daga ma'aunin wannan nisan da faɗin igiyar, zai iya lissafin kusurwar da tauraron ya yi a wurin kallon sa.{{Sfn|Van Helden|1985}}{{Sfn|Chalmers|1999}}{{Sfn|Galilei|1953}} A cikin ''Tattaunawa'', ya ba da rahoton cewa ya sami bayyanar diamita na tauraron farko ba fiye da ⁵ arcseconds ba, kuma na ɗaya daga cikin na shida ya zama kusan 5/₆ arcsecondes. Kamar yawancin masanan taurari na zamaninsa, Galileo bai gane cewa girman taurari da ya auna ba gaskiya ba ne, wanda ya haifar da karkatarwa da rikicewar yanayi, kuma bai wakilci girman taurari na gaskiya ba. Koyaya, dabi'un Galileo sun fi ƙanƙantawa da suka gabata game da girman taurari masu haske, kamar waɗanda Brahe ya yi, kuma ya ba Galileo damar magance muhawarar adawa da Copernican kamar waɗanda Tycho ya yi cewa waɗannan taurari dole ne su kasance masu girma sosai don parallaxes na shekara-shekara ba za a iya gano su ba.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}{{Sfn|Galilei|1953}}{{Sfn|Ondra|2004}}Sauran masanan taurari kamar Simon Marius, Giovanni Battista Riccioli, da Martinus Hortensius sun yi irin wannan ma'auni na taurari, kuma Marius da Riccioli sun kammala cewa ƙananan girman ba su da isasshen amsa gardamar Tycho.{{Sfn|Graney|2010}}{{Sfn|Graney|Grayson|2011}} === Ka'idar raƙuman ruwa === [[File:Galileo_Galilei,_1564-1642_RMG_BHC2699.tiff|thumb|Galileo Galilei, hoton da Francesco Porcia ya yi]] Kadanal Bellarmine ya rubuta a cikin 1615 cewa ba za a iya kare Tsarin Copernican ba tare da "ainihin zahiri na gaskiya cewa rana ba ta kewaye duniya amma duniya ta kewaye rana ba".{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}Galileo ya yi la'akari da ka'idarsa game da raƙuman ruwa don samar da irin wannan shaidar.{{Sfn|Naylor|2007}}Wannan ka'idar tana da mahimmanci a gare shi cewa Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, 1632), an kira shi da farko Dialogue on the Ebb and Flow of the Sea.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}An cire ambaton raƙuman ruwa daga taken ta hanyar umarnin Inquisition.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}} Ga Galileo, raƙuman ruwa sun samo asali ne daga ruwa da ruwa a cikin teku yayin da wani batu a saman duniya ya yi sauri kuma ya ragu saboda juyawa na duniya a kan axis da juyawa a kusa da Sun. Ya rarraba labarinsa na farko game da raƙuman ruwa a cikin 1616, wanda aka yi wa Kadanal Orsini.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}Ka'idarsa ta ba da haske game da muhimmancin siffofin tafkin teku a cikin girman da lokacin raƙuman ruwa; ya lissafa, alal misali, ga raƙuman da ba a kula da su ba a tsakiyar Tekun Adriatic idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke ƙarshen.{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Naylor|2007}} Ka'idar Galileo, duk da haka, ta kasa bayyana abubuwan da aka lura da raƙuman ruwa. Yana nuna kawai babban ruwa daya a kowace rana, kuma a cikin asusunsa na 1616, ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan ya faru ne a cikin Tekun Atlantika.{{Sfn|Naylor|2007}}Ya danganta manyan raƙuman ruwa guda biyu da aka gani a [[Venezia|Venice]] da sauran wurare ga dalilai na biyu, gami da siffar teku, zurfinta, da sauran dalilai.{{Sfn|Naylor|2007}}{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}{{Sfn|Galilei|1953}}Koyaya, raƙuman ruwa suna faruwa sau biyu a kowace rana a cikin Tekun Atlantika da mafi yawan teku. Bayan ya koyi wannan, Galileo ya gabatar da ka'idarsa a cikin ''Tattaunawa'' ba tare da ambaton Atlantic ko wasu wurare tare da raƙuman ruwa sau ɗaya a kowace rana ba, ya bar tambayoyin raƙuman yau da kullun ba a warware su ba.{{Sfn|Graney|2024}}Ya kuma watsar da ra'ayin, wanda aka sani daga zamanin d ̄ a da kuma na zamani Johannes Kepler, cewa [[Wata]] ta haifar da raƙuman ruwa, wanda shine tushen ka'idodin zamani.{{Sfn|Galilei|1953}} === Rikici game da comets da The Assayer''Mai Bincike'' === A shekara ta 1619, Galileo ya shiga cikin gardama tare da Uba Orazio Grassi, farfesa na lissafi a Jesuit Collegio Romano . Ya fara ne a matsayin jayayya game da yanayin comets, amma a lokacin da Galileo ya buga ''Il Saggiatore'' (The Assayer) a cikin 1623, sautin karshe a cikin jayayya, ya zama jayayya mai yawa game da yanayin kimiyya kanta. Shafin taken littafin ya bayyana Galileo a matsayin masanin falsafa da "Matematico Primario" na Grand Duke na Tuscany . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Career as a Scientist {{!}} Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) {{!}} Stories Preschool |url=https://www.storiespreschool.com/galileo_galilei1.html |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=www.storiespreschool.com}}</ref> Saboda The Assayer ya ƙunshi irin wannan wadataccen ra'ayoyin Galileo game da yadda ya kamata a yi kimiyya, an kira shi a matsayin bayanin kimiyya.{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}A farkon shekara ta 1619, Uba Grassi ya buga wani ɗan littafin, An Astronomical Disputation on the Three Comets of the Year 1618, wanda ya tattauna yanayin comet wanda ya bayyana a ƙarshen Nuwamba na shekarar da ta gabata.{{Sfn|Grassi|1960a}} Grassi ya kammala cewa comet wani abu ne mai cin wuta wanda ya motsa tare da wani sashi na babban da'irar a nesa da duniya, kuma tun da yake ya motsa a sama da sannu a hankali fiye da Wata, dole ne ya fi nesa da Wata.{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Grassi|1960a}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}} An soki hujjojin Grassi da ƙaddamarwa a cikin wata kasida ta gaba, Discourse on Comets, wanda aka buga a ƙarƙashin sunan ɗaya daga cikin almajiran Galileo, lauyan Florentine mai suna Mario Guiducci, kodayake Galileo da kansa ne ya rubuta shi. {{Sfn|Galilei|Guiducci|1960}}{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}Galileo da Guiducci ba su ba da wata ka'ida ta ainihi game da yanayin comets ba, kodayake sun gabatar da wasu ƙididdigar da aka sani yanzu sun yi kuskure.{{Sfn|Drake|1957}}{{Sfn|Drake|1960}} (Tayhin da ya dace don nazarin comets an gabatar da shi a lokacin ta hanyar Tycho Brahe.) A cikin sashi na buɗewa, ''Magana'' ta Galileo da Guiducci sun zagi Jesuit Christoph Scheiner, kuma maganganu daban-daban marasa ladabi game da farfesa na Collegio Romano sun warwatse a cikin aikin.{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}{{Sfn|Galilei|Guiducci|1960}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}Jesuits sun yi fushi, kuma nan da nan Grassi ya amsa da wata takarda mai rikitarwa ta kansa, The Astronomical and Philosophical Balance, a karkashin sunan Lothario Sarsio Sigensano, yana da'awar kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibansa.{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}{{Sfn|Grassi|1960b}}{{Sfn|Drake|1978}}{{Sfn|Grassi|1960b}}Mai ba da shawara shine amsar Galileo mai banƙyama ga Ma'aunin Astronomical.{{Sfn|Galilei|Guiducci|1960}}An san shi sosai a matsayin babban aikin wallafe-wallafen jayayya, wanda ke fuskantar muhawara ta "Sarsi".{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Drake|1957}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}An gaishe shi da yabo mai yawa kuma musamman ya faranta wa sabon shugaban Kirista, Urban na takwas rai, wanda aka keɓe shi.{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}A Roma, a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, Barberini, Urban na takwas na gaba, ya sauka a gefen Galileo da Kwalejin Lincean.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Amir Alexander}}</ref> Rashin jituwa da Grassi ya rabu da Jesuits da yawa har abada, kuma Galileo da abokansa sun gamsu cewa suna da alhakin kawo hukuncin da ya yi daga baya, kodayake tabbatar da wannan ba cikakke ba ne.{{Sfn|Drake|1960}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Sharratt|1994}}{{Sfn|Blackwell|2006}} === Rikici game da tsakiya na rana === [[File:Galileo_facing_the_Roman_Inquisition.jpg|thumb|Hoton Cristiano Banti na 1857 Galileo yana fuskantar Inquisition na Roma''Galileo yana fuskantar tuhumar RomawaBinciken Roman'']] A lokacin rikici na Galileo da Ikilisiya, Yakin addini da Counter-Reformation sun tayar da Turai. Yawancin mutanen da suka yi karatu sun yi rajista ga ra'ayin Aristotelian geocentric cewa Duniya ita ce Cibiyar sararin samaniya da kuma hanyoyin dukkan abubuwa na sama, ko sabon tsarin Tycho Brahe wanda ya haɗu da geocentrism tare da heliocentrisms.{{Sfn|Hannam|2009}}Rubuce-rubucen Galileo game da heliocentrism sun fuskanci ƙin yarda na addini da kimiyya. Hamayya ta addini ta samo asali ne daga ayoyin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da ke nuna yanayin duniya.{{Efn|Such passages include [[Psalms|Psalm]] [[s:Bible (World English)/Psalms#Psalm 93|93:1]], [[s:Bible (World English)/Psalms#Psalm 96|96:10]], and [[Books of Chronicles|1 Chronicles]] [[s:Bible (World English)/1 Chronicles#Chapter 16|16:30]] which include text stating, "The world also is established. It can not be moved." In the same manner, [[s:Bible (World English)/Psalms#Psalm 104|Psalm 104:5]] says, "He (the Lord) laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be moved forever." Further, [[Ecclesiastes]] [[s:Bible (World English)/Ecclesiastes#Chapter 1|1:5]] states, "The sun also rises, and the sun goes down, and hurries to its place where it rises", and [[Book of Joshua|Joshua]] 10:14 states, "Sun, stand still on Gibeon...".{{sfn |Brodrick |1965 |p=95}}}} Hamayya ta kimiyya ta fito ne daga Brahe, wanda ya yi jayayya cewa heliocentrism zai nuna parallax na shekara-shekara, kodayake babu wanda aka lura a lokacin.{{Efn|The discovery of the [[Aberration (astronomy)|aberration of light]] by [[James Bradley]] in January 1729 was the first conclusive evidence for the movement of the Earth, and hence for [[Aristarchus of Samos|Aristarchus]], Copernicus and Kepler's theories; it was announced in January 1729.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bradley |first=James |date=1728 |title=A Letter from the Reverend Mr. James Bradley Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford, and F.R.S. to Dr. Edmond Halley Astronom. Reg. &c. Giving an Account of a New Discovered Motion of the Fix'd Stars |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London |volume=35 |issue=406 |pages=637–661 |doi=10.1098/rstl.1727.0064}}</ref> The second evidence was produced by [[Friedrich Bessel]] in 1838.}} Aristarchus da Copernicus sun yi daidai da cewa parallax ba shi da mahimmanci saboda taurari suna da nisa sosai. Koyaya, Brahe ya musanta cewa tunda taurari sun bayyana suna da girman kusurwa mai ma'ana, idan taurari sun kasance da nisa, dole ne su fi Sun girma ko ma da zagaye na Duniya.{{Sfn|Graney|Danielson|2014}}Ba zai kasance ba har sai da yawa daga baya cewa masu binciken taurari sun fahimci girman taurari ya haifar da wani abu na gani da ake kira airy disk, kuma ayyuka ne na hasken su maimakon girman jiki na gaskiya (duba tarihin girman).{{Sfn|Graney|Danielson|2014}} Galileo ya kare heliocentrism bisa ga abubuwan da ya lura da su a shekara ta 1609. A cikin shekara ta 1611, a wannan shekarar ne mambobin Jesuit na Collegio Romano suka amince da binciken Galileo, kwamiti na cardinals ya fara binciken Galileo, yana tambaya idan ya shiga cikin shari'ar Cesare Cremonini, wanda ya koyar tare da Galileo a Jami'ar Padua kuma an tuhume shi da ridda. Wadannan tambayoyin sun nuna karo na farko da aka ambaci sunan Galileo ta Roman Inquisition. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1613, Grand Duchess Christina ta Florence ta fuskanci daya daga cikin abokan Galileo da mabiyanta, Benedetto Castelli, tare da ƙin yarda da motsi na Duniya.{{Efn|According to [[Maurice Finocchiaro]], this was done in a friendly and gracious manner, out of curiosity.{{sfn |Finocchiaro |1989 |pp=27–28}}}} Da wannan lamarin ya sa ya sa, Galileo ya rubuta wasika mai shafi takwas ga Castelli inda ya yi jayayya cewa heliocentrism ba ya saba wa matani na Littafi Mai-Tsarki kuma cewa Littafi Mai-Msarki iko ne akan bangaskiya da ɗabi'a, ba kimiyya ba. Ba a buga wannan wasika ba amma an rarraba ta ko'ina.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Galileo ya rubuta wasika ga Christina wanda ya fadada hujjojinsa zuwa shafuka arba'in.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}} [[File:Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei_(Uffizi).jpg|left|thumb|''Hoton Galili'' na Justus Sustermans, 1635]] A shekara ta 1615, an gabatar da rubuce-rubucen Galileo game da heliocentrism ga Roman Inquisition ta Uba Niccolò Lorini, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa Galileo da mabiyansa suna ƙoƙarin sake fassara Littafi Mai-Tsarki, wanda aka gani a matsayin keta Majalisar Trent kuma ya yi kama da [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]].[g]{{Sfn|Langford|1998}}Lorini musamman ya ambaci wasikar Galileo ga Castelli.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1989}}Galileo ya tafi Roma don kare kansa da ra'ayoyinsa. A farkon shekara ta 1616, Francesco Ingoli ya fara muhawara tare da Galileo, ya aiko masa da wata kasida da ke jayayya da tsarin Copernican. Galileo daga baya ya bayyana cewa ya yi imanin cewa wannan rubutun ya taimaka wajen yaki da Copernicanism da ya biyo baya.{{Sfn|Graney|2015}}Wataƙila Inquisition ta ba da izini ga Ingoli don rubuta ra'ayi na ƙwararru game da gardamar, tare da rubutun da ke ba da tushen ayyukan Inquisition.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|2010}}Rubutun ya mayar da hankali kan hujjoji goma sha takwas na jiki da lissafi game da heliocentrism. Ya samo asali ne daga muhawara ta Tycho Brahe, musamman cewa heliocentrism zai buƙaci taurari kamar yadda suka bayyana sun fi Sun girma.{{Efn|Ingoli wrote that the great distance to the stars in the heliocentric theory "clearly proves ... the fixed stars to be of such size, as they may surpass or equal the size of the orbit circle of the Earth itself".{{sfn |Graney |2015 |p=71}}}} Rubutun ya hada da muhawara huɗu na tauhidi, amma Ingoli ya ba da shawarar Galileo ya mai da hankali kan muhawara ta jiki da lissafi, kuma bai ambaci ra'ayoyin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Galileo ba.{{Sfn|Graney|2015}} A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1616, kwamitin Inquisitorial ya bayyana cewa heliocentrism ya zama "wawa da wauta a falsafar, kuma a hukumance ya zama ridda tunda a bayyane ya saba wa ma'anar Nassi Mai Tsarki a wurare da yawa". Inquisition ta gano cewa ra'ayin motsi na Duniya "yana karɓar hukunci iri ɗaya a falsafar kuma ... game da gaskiyar tauhidin, aƙalla kuskure ne a bangaskiya".<ref name="wcumf">{{Cite web |last=Finocchiaro |first=M. |title=West Chester University – History of Astronomy; Lecture notes: Texts from The Galileo Affair: A Documentary History |url=http://astro.wcupa.edu/mgagne/ess362/resources/finocchiaro.html#conreport |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013053/http://astro.wcupa.edu/mgagne/ess362/resources/finocchiaro.html#conreport |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=18 February 2014 |publisher=West Chester University |id=ESS 362 / 562}}</ref> {{Spaces}}Paparoma Paul V ya umarci Kadanal Bellarmine ya gabatar da wannan binciken ga Galileo, da kuma umarce shi da ya bar heliocentrism. A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, an kira Galileo zuwa gidan Bellarmine kuma ya umarce shi "ya watsar gaba ɗaya ... ra'ayin cewa rana tana tsaye har yanzu a tsakiyar duniya kuma Duniya tana motsawa, kuma daga nan gaba kada a riƙe shi, koyarwa, ko kare shi a kowace hanya, ko dai ta baki ko a rubuce".{{Spaces}} Dokar Ikilisiyar Index ta haramta De Revolutionibus na Copernicus da sauran ayyukan heliocentric har sai an gyara shi.{{Sfn|Heilbron|2010}}{{Sfn|Heilbron|2010}} Shekaru goma masu zuwa, Galileo ya kasance nesa da gardamar. Ya farfado da aikinsa na rubuta littafi a kan batun, wanda aka karfafa shi da zaben Kadinal Maffeo Barberini a matsayin Paparoma Urban na takwas a 1623. Barberini aboki ne kuma mai sha'awar Galileo kuma ya yi adawa da gargadi na Galileo a cikin 1616. Littafin da Galileo ya samo asali, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, an buga shi a cikin 1632, tare da izini na musamman daga Inquisition da izinin papal.<ref name="Pope Urban VIII">{{Cite web |title=Pope Urban VIII Biography |url=http://galileo.rice.edu/gal/urban.html |website=Galileo Project}}</ref> Tun da farko, Paparoma Urban na takwas da kansa ya nemi Galileo ya ba da hujjoji don da kuma adawa da heliocentrism a cikin littafin kuma ya yi hankali kada ya ba da shawarar heliocentristm. Ko ba tare da sani ba ko da gangan ba, Simplicio, mai kare ra'ayi na Aristotle a cikin Tattaunawa game da Tsarin Duniya guda Biyu, sau da yawa ana kama shi cikin kurakuran kansa kuma wani lokacin ya zo a matsayin wawa. Lalle ne, kodayake Galileo ya bayyana a cikin gabatarwar littafinsa cewa an sanya sunan halayen ne bayan sanannen masanin falsafar Aristotelian (Simplicius a Latin, "Simplicio" a Italiyanci), sunan "Simplecio" a cikin Italiyanci kuma yana da ma'anar "Mai sauƙi".{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|1997}}{{Sfn|Moss|Wallace|2003}} Wannan hoton Simplicio ya sa Tattaunawa game da Babban Tsarin Duniya guda Biyu ya bayyana a matsayin jayayya game da tsarin Aristotelian a cikin kare ka'idar Copernican. Yawancin masana tarihi sun yarda cewa Galileo bai yi niyyar yin ba'a ba'a kuma ya yi mamakin yadda aka yi wa littafinsa.{{Efn|Drake asserts that Simplicio's character is modelled on the Aristotelian philosophers Lodovico delle Colombe and [[Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)|Cesare Cremonini]], rather than Urban.{{sfn |Drake |1978 |p=355}} He also considers that the demand for Galileo to include the Pope's argument in the ''Dialogue'' left him with no option but to put it in the mouth of Simplicio.{{sfn |Drake |1953 |p=491}} Even [[Arthur Koestler]], who is generally quite harsh on Galileo in ''[[The Sleepwalkers (Koestler book)|The Sleepwalkers]]'', after noting that Urban suspected Galileo of having intended Simplicio to be a caricature of him, says "this of course is untrue".{{sfn |Koestler |1990 |p=483}}}} Koyaya, Paparoma bai ɗauki rashin girmamawar jama'a ba, ko kuma goyon bayan Copernican.{{Sfn|Finocchiaro|2007b}}Dava Sobel ya yi jayayya cewa kafin shari'ar Galileo ta 1633 da hukunci don ridda, an zargi Paparoma Urban na takwas da rauni wajen kare cocin, kuma ya damu da rikice-rikicen kotu da matsalolin jihar, yana tsoron har ma da rayuwarsa. A cikin wannan mahallin, Sobel ya yi jayayya cewa Urban ya ji an ci amanarsa da Galileo's Dialogues, kuma masu shiga kotu da abokan gaba na Galileo sun yi amfani da wannan jin.{{Sfn|Sobel|2000}}Mario Livio ya sanya al'amarin Galileo a cikin mahallin kimiyya da siyasa na zamani, yana yin kwatankwacin ƙin kimiyya na zamani. == Dubi kuma == * Cocin Katolika da kimiyya * Na biyu pendulum * Gidan magana na Galileo * Villa Il Gioiello == Manazarta == === Bayani === === Babban tushe da aka ambata ===   [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1564]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n0jdzbib4t9lmu29dn0rv8jrch4606u 0 41275 975527 536652 2026-11-03T11:45:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Daga ranar 20 zuwa 23 ga watan Yunin 2014 an kai wasu hare-hare a [[Borno|jihar Borno]] Najeriya. An yi garkuwa da mata da yara 91 a hare-haren kuma an kashe fiye da mutane 70. == Wai-wa-ye == [[Boko Haram|Kungiyar Boko Haram]] dai ƙungiyar ta'addanci ce mai adawa da abin da ta dauka a matsayin Turawan mulkin mallaka na Najeriya, wanda a cewarsu shi ne musabbabin aikata laifuka a ƙasar.<ref name=Telegraph>{{cite news|title=Extremist attack in Nigeria kills 42 at boarding school|first=Damien|last=McElroy|date=6 July 2013|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10163942/Extremist-attack-in-Nigeria-kills-42-at-boarding-school.html|accessdate=3 October 2013}}</ref> Dubban mutane ne aka kashe a hare-haren da ƙungiyar ta kai, kuma gwamnatin tarayya ta kafa dokar ta ɓaci a watan Mayun 2013 a [[Borno|jihar Borno]] a yaƙin da take yi da ƴan tada ƙayar baya.<ref name="AFP2">{{cite news|title=Nigeria school attack claims 42 lives|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|work=[[The Australian]]|date=6 July 2013|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/nigeria-school-attack-claims-42-lives/story-e6frg6so-1226675417375|accessdate=3 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221060730/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/nigeria-school-attack-claims-42-lives/story-e6frg6so-1226675417375|archive-date=21 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sakamakon murƙushe ƴan ta’addan, ya kasa daidaita ƙasar mai yawan al'umma fiye da miliyan 200.<ref name=USAToday/><ref name="AQIM and Boko Haram">{{cite news|url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/aqims-threat-to-western-interests-in-the-sahel|title=AQIM and Boko Haram Threats to Western Interests in the Africa's Sahel|date=28 April 2014|first=Samuel|last=Aronson|publisher=Combating Terrorism Center Sentinel (CTC), West Point|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-date=13 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513133524/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/aqims-threat-to-western-interests-in-the-sahel|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hare-haren Boko Haram sun kara tsananta a shekarar 2014. A watan Fabrairu, ƙungiyar ta kashe Kiristoci fiye da 100 a ƙauyukan [[Baga|Doron Baga]] da [[Izghe]].<ref name=USAToday>{{cite news|title=Terrorists kidnap more than 200 Nigerian girls|date=21 April 2014|work=[[USA Today]]|first=Oren|last=Dorell|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/21/parents-234-girls-kidnapped-from-nigeria-school/7958307/|accessdate=23 April 2014}}</ref> Haka kuma a cikin watan Fabrairu, an kashe yara maza 59 a harin da [[Kisan kiyashi a Buni Yadi, Fabrairu 2014|aka kai a Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya]] a [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]].<ref name=theguardian-article>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram kills 59 children at Nigerian boarding school |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/boko-haram-kills-children-boarding-school |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226141016/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/boko-haram-kills-children-boarding-school |archivedate=26 February 2014 |accessdate=6 March 2014 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=25 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A tsakiyar watan Afrilu, an zargi ƙungiyar Boko Haram da haddasa mutuwar mutane kusan 4,000 a shekarar 2014.<ref name=USAToday/> Daga nan ne ƴan bindiga suka kai hari wata makaranta suka yi garkuwa da ƴan mata 276, waɗanda 57 daga cikinsu suka tsere a garin [[Chibok]]. Lamarin ya jawo hankalin duniya kan halin da ake ciki a [[Najeriya]], kuma kasashen yammacin duniya sun yi alƙawarin taimakawa wajen yaƙar Boko Haram. An gudanar da shawarwarin cinikin 'yan matan ga mayakan da aka kama, amma tattaunawar ta ci tura, kuma shugaba [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya sanar da cewa gwamnati ba za ta yi la'akari da kasuwanci ba. Ya zuwa watan Yuni, har yanzu ba a san inda ƴan matan suke ba. Rundunar sojin Najeriya ta ce tana sane da inda ake tsare da ƴan matan, amma suna tsoron yin amfani da ƙarfi saboda fargabar cewa Boko Haram za su kashe 'yan matan idan aka kai musu hari. Ƙungiyoyin ƴan banga sun kafa shinge ko’ina a Arewa, tare da samun nasarar daƙile hare-hare.<ref name=Fox/> Sai dai an ci gaba da kai hare-hare. A ranar 20 ga watan Mayu mutane 118 ne suka mutu a wani harin bam da aka kai a birnin [[Jos]]. Washegari, an kashe mutane goma sha biyu a wani samame da aka kai wani ƙauye.<ref name="BBC21">{{cite web|title=Nigeria violence: 'Boko Haram' kill 27 in village attacks|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27498598|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=21 May 2014|accessdate=21 May 2014}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Yuni, an kashe mutane 40 a wani harin bam a [[Mubi (Birni)|Mubi]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mubi Attack: Prayers Saved Me From Perishing In Bomb Attack – Survivor|date=3 June 2014|work=Leadership|author=Bayo Oladeji|author2=Mohammed Ismail|url=http://leadership.ng/news/373177/mubi-attack-prayers-saved-perishing-bomb-attack-survivor|accessdate=4 June 2014}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Yuni, 2014, a wani lamari da ake kira kisan kiyashi a Gwoza, "An ce an kashe mutane aƙalla 300 a ƙauyukan da ke kusa da ƙaramar hukumar [[Gwoza]] ta [[jihar Borno]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Abdullah|first=Umar|title=Gwoza Under Siege - Boko Haram Kills 300, Wipes Out Three Villages |accessdate=28 June 2014|date=5 June 2014|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201406050381.html}}</ref> == Satar mutane == A cikin kwanaki da dama, a ƙarshen mako na 21-22 ga watan Yuni, wasu da ake zargin 'yan Boko Haram ne sun kai hari a ƙauyen [[Kummabza]] da kan wasu mutane uku a [[Damboa district|gundumar Damboa ta]] [[Borno|jihar Borno]], kamar yadda shaidun gani da ido suka bayyana.<ref name=VOA/> Maharan sun kama mata da ƴan mata 60, da kuma maza 31 a harin. Wasu daga cikin matan sun yi aure kuma yaran sun kai shekaru uku.<ref name=Fox/> Shugaban ƴan banga, Aji Khalil ya ce an harbe wasu mutanen ƙauyen huɗu da suka yi ƙoƙarin tserewa harin maharan. Wani ganau ya ce an kashe mutane kusan 30 a harin.<ref name=VOA>{{cite news|title=Suspected Boko Haram Militants Kidnap Dozens in Nigeria|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|date=24 June 2014|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/boko-haram-suspected-in-mass-kidnappings-of-nearly-100/1943577.html|accessdate=25 June 2014}}</ref> ===Bayan nan=== Bayan harin, tsofaffin mutanen ƙauyen sun yi tafiya {{Convert|15|mi|km}} don bayar da rahoton harin da neman taimako.<ref name=Fox /> Gwamnan Borno [[Kashim Shettima]] ya bayar da umarnin gudanar da bincike a hukumance, amma da labarin ya fito, gwamnatin ƙasar ta musanta cewa an yi garkuwa da mutane. Wani mai magana da yawun gwamnati ya ce babu wani abu a ƙasa da zai tabbatar da cewa an yi garkuwa da shi kuma Shettima ya tabbatar da cewa matan da suka bata sun koma wani ƙauye ne kawai.<ref name="AFP">{{cite news|title=Nigeria denies latest mass abduction claims|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=25 June 2014|url=https://news.yahoo.com/nigeria-denies-latest-mass-abduction-claims-194403410.html|accessdate=25 June 2014|publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> Wani ɗan siyasa a yankin da kuma shaidun gani da ido da dama, sun tabbatar da rahoton sacewa ga [[Agence France-Presse|Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Faransa]].<ref name="AFP"/> Wani jami'in leken asiri na ma'aikatar harkokin wajen [[Najeriya]] da ya buƙaci a sakaya sunan sa, ya tabbatarwa kamfanin dillancin labaran [[Associated Press]] cewa an kai wani hari. Sai dai ya ruwaito cewa an yi garkuwa da mutanen ne mako guda kafin nan, tsakanin ranakun 13 zuwa 15 ga watan Yuni.<ref name=Fox/> == Bama-bamai da harbe-harbe == A ranakun 21 da 22 ga watan Yuni, wasu da ake zargin mayakan Boko Haram ne sun kai hari ƙauyukan Chuha A, Chuha B, da Korongilim da ke kusa da [[Chibok]]. Maharan sun fuskanci turjiya daga sojoji da ƴan banga.<ref name=Fox/><ref name=Tribune/> An ruguza garuruwan kuma an kashe mutanen ƙauyuka aƙalla 40 a faɗan.<ref name=Tribune/> An kuma kashe ƴan banga shida gami da ƴan ta’adda kusan ashirin da biyar a hare-haren.<ref name=Fox>{{cite news|title=Witnesses: Extremists abduct 91 more people in Nigeria in deadly weekend attacks on villages|agency=Associated Press|date=24 June 2014|publisher=Fox News Channel|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/06/24/witnesses-say-60-more-girls-and-women-31-boys-abducted-by-extremists-in/|accessdate=25 June 2014}}</ref> Wani jami’in gwamnati ya bayyana abin da ya faru: “Gawarwakin mutanen da abin ya shafa;... sun lalata ƙauyuka uku."<ref name=Tribune>{{cite news|title=Boko Haram kills 40 in Chibok villages |work=Nigerian Tribune |date=23 June 2014 |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/news-headlines/item/8687-boko-haram-kills-40-in-chibok-villages/8687-boko-haram-kills-40-in-chibok-villages |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140628042337/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/news-headlines/item/8687-boko-haram-kills-40-in-chibok-villages/8687-boko-haram-kills-40-in-chibok-villages |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 June 2014 |accessdate=26 June 2014 }}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Yuni, wani bam da ya tashi a wata kwaleji a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] ya kashe mutane 8 tare da jikkata wasu kimanin 20.<ref name=VOA/> A daren ranar 28 ga watan Yuni ne wani bam ya tashi a gidan karuwai a Bauchi, wanda yayi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 11 tare da jikkata wasu 28.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/foreign/29-Jun-2014/blast-in-northeast-nigeria-kills-11-police|title=Blast in northeast Nigeria kills 11: police|agency=[[Reuters]]|work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]|date=29 June 2014|accessdate=29 June 2014}}</ref> == Bincike == Wani manazarci Jacob Zenn ya ce sabbin hare-haren sun nuna cewa yunƙurin da kasashen duniya ke yi na ƙaddamar da yaki da Boko Haram ya ci tura.<ref name=Fox/> Wani mai sharhi kan harkokin tsaro, Ryan Cumming, ya ce sabbin sace-sacen na iya kasancewa wani hari ne na kai tsaye daga sace-sacen da aka yi a Chibok, da kuma ƙara matsa lamba kan ƙulla yarjejeniyar yin garkuwa da mutane da su ƴan ta'adan suka sace.<ref name=VOA/> == Bayan haka == A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin 2014 ne aka bayyana cewa sama da mutane 60 daga cikin matan da aka sace sun kuɓuto daga hannun mayaƙan [[Boko Haram]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Stephanie Burnett|url=http://time.com/2960944/report-more-than-60-nigerian-girls-escape-boko-haram-captors/|title=Report: More Than 60 Nigeria Girls Escape Boko Haram ‘Captors’|work=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]|date=7 July 2014|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Category:2014 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]] [[Category:Boko Haram]] [[Category:Garkuwa da mutane a Najeriya]] [[Category:Jihar Borno ]] dj2jy8pw3hsip9y62lxu0e6we9y7fi3 0 41358 975528 692243 2026-11-03T11:45:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A tsakanin ranakun 23 zuwa 25 ga watan yunin shekarar 2014, an kai wasu hare-hare a tsakiyar [[Najeriya]]. A ranakun 23-24 ga watan Yuni, wasu ƴan bindiga sun kai hari a wasu ƙauyukan [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]], inda suka kashe mutane kusan,150. An ɗora alhakin kai harin kan ƴan ƙabilar [[Fulani]]. A ranar 25 ga watan Yunin 2014, wani bam ya tashi a Emab Plaza dake babban birnin [[Abuja|tarayya Abuja]], inda ya kashe aƙalla mutane 21. Dangane da harin bam din, sojojin Najeriya sun kai farmaki kan sansanonin 'yan [[bindiga]] biyu a ranar 26 ga watan Yuni, inda suka kashe fiye da mutane 100. == Wai-wa-ye == ===20,000=== Sama da mutane 20,000 ne aka kashe a [[Najeriya]] tsakanin shekarar 2009 zuwa 2014 a hare-haren da ƴan ta'addar [[Boko Haram]] [[Rikicin Boko Haram|ke]] jagoranta.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tactics Used by the Terrorist Organisation Boko Haram|date= 2016|work=Buletin Stiintific|author=Marius Pricopi}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Boko Haram dai na adawa da mayar da Najeriya zuwa kasashen Yamma, wanda suke ganin shi ne ummul haba'isin aikata laifuka a ƙasar.<ref name=Telegraph>{{cite news | title = Extremist attack in Nigeria kills 42 at boarding school|first=Damien|last=McElroy|date= 6 July 2013 | work = The Daily Telegraph|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10163942/Extremist-attack-in-Nigeria-kills-42-at-boarding-school.html |access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> Gwamnatin tarayya ta kafa dokar ta ɓaci a cikin watan Mayun 2013 a [[Borno|jihar Borno]] a yaƙin da take yi da masu tada ƙayar bayan.<ref name= AFP>{{cite news| title = Nigeria school attack claims 42 lives| agency = Agence France-Presse| work = The Australian| date = 6 July 2013| url = http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/nigeria-school-attack-claims-42-lives/story-e6frg6so-1226675417375| access-date = 3 October 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131221060730/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/nigeria-school-attack-claims-42-lives/story-e6frg6so-1226675417375| archive-date = 21 December 2013| url-status = dead}}</ref> Sakamakon murƙushe ƴan ta’addan, ya kasa daidaita ƙasar.<ref name= USAToday /><ref name="AQIM and Boko Haram">{{cite news |url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/aqims-threat-to-western-interests-in-the-sahel |title=AQIM and Boko Haram Threats to Western Interests in the Africa's Sahel |date=28 April 2014 |first=Samuel |last=Aronson |publisher=Combating Terrorism Center Sentinel (CTC), West Point |access-date=27 January 2023 |archive-date=13 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513133524/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/aqims-threat-to-western-interests-in-the-sahel |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Tsananta=== Hare-haren mayaƙan Boko Haram sun ƙara tsananta a shekarar 2014. A watan Fabrairu, ƙungiyar ta kashe Kiristoci fiye da 100 a ƙauyukan [[Baga|Doron Baga]] da [[Izghe]].<ref name = USAToday>{{cite news |title=Terrorists kidnap more than 200 Nigerian girls|date=21 April 2014|work= USA Today| first = Oren | last = Dorell | url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/21/parents-234-girls-kidnapped-from-nigeria-school/7958307/ |access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref> Haka kuma a cikin watan Fabrairu, an kashe yara maza 59 a harin da [[Kisan kiyashi a Buni Yadi, Fabrairu 2014|aka kai a Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya]] a [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]].<ref name=theguardian-article>{{cite news |title=Boko Haram kills 59 children at Nigerian boarding school|url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/boko-haram-kills-children-boarding-school|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140226141016/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/boko-haram-kills-children-boarding-school|archive-date= 26 February 2014 |access-date=6 March 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 25 February 2014}}</ref> ===Zargi=== A tsakiyar watan [[Afrilu]], an zargin ƙungiyar Boko Haram da haddasa mutuwar mutane kusan 4,000 a shekarar 2014.<ref name = USAToday /> Daga nan ne ƴan bindiga suka kai hari wata makaranta suka yi garkuwa da ƴan mata 276, waɗanda 57 daga cikinsu suka tsere a garin [[Chibok]]. Lamarin ya jawo hankalin duniya kan halin da ake ciki a Najeriya, kuma ƙasashen yammacin duniya sun yi alƙawarin taimakawa wajen yakar ƴan ƙungiyar [[Boko Haram]]. Sai dai an ci gaba da kai hare-hare.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bombing at northeast Nigeria football match kills at least 40|work=The Times of India|date=2 June 2014|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/Bombing-at-northeast-Nigeria-football-match-kills-at-least-40-Police/articleshow/35925885.cms|agency=Agence France-Presse|access-date=3 June 2014}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Mayu, an kashe mutane 118 a wani [[Harin Bam a Jos, 2014|harin bam da aka kai]] a [[Jos|birnin Jos]]. Washegari, an kashe mutane goma sha biyu a wani samame da aka kai wani ƙauye.<ref name="BBC21">{{cite web|title=Nigeria violence: 'Boko Haram' kill 27 in village attacks|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27498598|publisher=BBC|date=21 May 2014|access-date=21 May 2014}}</ref> Daga baya ƙungiyoyin ƴan banga sun kafu a ko’ina a Arewa, tare da samun nasarar daƙile wasu hare-haren.<ref>{{cite news|title=Witnesses: Extremists abduct 91 more people in Nigeria in deadly weekend attacks on villages|agency=Associated Press|date=24 June 2014|publisher=Fox News Channel|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/06/24/witnesses-say-60-more-girls-and-women-31-boys-abducted-by-extremists-in/|access-date=25 June 2014}}</ref> ===Gwoza=== Hare-haren da aka kai a karamar hukumar [[Gwoza]] da ke jihar Borno na da wuya a iya tabbatar da su saboda rashin kyawun ingantattun hanyoyin sadarwa.<ref>{{Cite news | last = Hamza Idris | title = allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Three Soldiers Feared Killed As Bomber Hits Military Post | work = Daily Trust - AllAfrica | access-date = 2014-06-28 | date = 2014-06-23 | url = http://allafrica.com/stories/201406241092.html }}</ref> ===MEND=== Har ila yau, [[Najeriya]] na fuskantar hare-hare daga ƙungiyar [[MEND]]. == Hari a ƙauyukan Kaduna == A ranar 23 ga watan Yunin 2014, wasu ƴan bindiga sun kai hari a ƙauyukan Kabamu da Ankpong a [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]], inda suka kashe mutane 38 a cewar shugaban ƴan banga, Christopher Chisom.<ref name=ThisDay /> Gwamna Ramalan Yero, ya tabbatar da faruwar harin, kodayake rahotanni sun ce ƙauyukan sun kai harin kamar Fadan Karshi da Nandu. Ya ce an kashe mutanen ƙauyen 17 da misalin karfe 10 na dare a Fadan Karshi, tare da kama ko kashe mahara biyu. Da karfe 2 na safe wasu ‘yan bindigar kuma sun kashe mutane 21 a Nandu. “Da yawa” wasu kuma sun sami raunuka, kodayake ba a samu takamaiman adadi ba. Shugaban ƙungiyar ta (Ninzon Progressive Youths Organisation) ya ce wata wasiƙar barazana daga [[Fulani]] ta yi gargaɗi kai harin a farkon watan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nigeria: Fulani Attack Kaduna Villages, Kill 38|work=Vanguard|publisher=All Africa|date=25 June 2014|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201406250444.html|access-date=27 June 2014}}</ref> ===Ƙauyuka bakwai=== A yammacin wannan rana, wasu ƴan bindiga sun kai hari wasu ƙauyuka guda bakwai: Dogon-Daji, Gani, Hayin-Kwanta, Kabani, Kabamu, Kobin, da Naidu. A cewar Chisom, an kashe ƙarin wasu mutane 123 a harin da aka kai cikin dare: 38 a Kobin, 30 a Kabamu, 21 a Dogon-Daji, 16 a Naidu, 9 a Gani, 5 a Hayin Kwanta, 4 a Kabani.<ref name=ThisDay /> [[Christian Association of Nigeria|Ƙungiyar kiristoci ta Najeriya]] CAN, ta kuma ruwaito cewa an kashe aƙalla mutane 100 a hare-haren. Rahotanni sun ce biyu daga cikin maharan suna sanye da kakin ƴan sanda.<ref name=DailyInd>{{cite news|title=Nigeria: 100 Killed in Kaduna Village Attack|work=The Daily Independent|publisher=All Africa|date=25 June 2014|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201406260279.html|access-date=27 June 2014}}</ref> Ba a fitar da adaɗin waɗanda suka mutu a hukumance ba.<ref name=ThisDay>{{cite news|title=Nigeria: Kaduna – Suspected Fulani Herdsmen Kill 123 in Fresh Attacks|work=This Day|publisher=All Africa|author=John Shiklam|date=25 June 2014|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201406260277.html|access-date=27 June 2014}}</ref> Ba a dai san ko su waye waɗanda suka kai harin ba, duk da cewa an kama wasu [[Fulani]] makiyaya guda uku a harin da aka kai ranar 25 ga watan Yuni. Mai magana da yawun ƙungiyar ta CAN ya ce "Na yi imanin cewa su 'yan ta'adda ne saboda Fulanin da muke rayuwa da su ba za su iya yin wannan abu ba."<ref name=DailyInd /> Ya kuma ce wannan ya nuna cewa addini ne ya sa aka kai harin. An kuma samu bindiga ƙirar [[AK-47]] guda uku da alburusai 158 a kamen. <ref name=DailyInd /> Karamar [[Sanga|hukumar Sanga]] ta sanya dokar hana fita ta sa'o'i 24 sakamakon hare-haren.<ref name=ThisDay /> == Harin bom a Emab Plaza == Wani abin fashewa ya fashe a Emab Plaza, cibiyar hada-hadar kasuwanci da [[Abuja|ke birnin tarayya Abuja]] da misalin karfe 16:00 na ranar 25 ga watan Yuni kusa da ofisoshin gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=BBC /><ref name=DW /> Fashewar wadda ta faru a lokacin da ake yawan samun cunkoso, ya haifar da hayaki mai yawa. Wani ganau ya ruwaito cewa: “Mun ji wata babbar hayaniya kuma ginin ya girgiza&nbsp;. . . Mun ga hayaki da mutane cikin jini. Hargitsi ne kawai."<ref name=BBC>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-28019433|title=Bomb killed 21 people in Abuja|publisher=BBC News|date=25 June 2014|access-date=26 June 2014}}</ref> A cewar rahotannin hukuma, an kashe aƙalla mutane 21 a harin. Jaridar ''[[Premium Times]]'' ta ruwaito an samu mutuwar mutane aƙalla 30 tare da yiyuwar samun karin wasu adadin.<ref name=DW>{{cite news|title=Deadly shopping mall explosion in Nigeria|url=http://www.dw.de/deadly-shopping-mall-explosion-in-nigeria/a-17736893|date=25 June 2014|access-date=26 June 2014|work=DW|agency=AP, AFP, DPA, Reuters}}</ref> Sama da mutane 50 ne suka jikkata a harin.<ref name=Bloomberg /> An harbe wanda ake zargi da yunƙurin tserewa daga wurin. Wata jaka da yake ɗauke da ita na ɗauke da ƙarin wasu bama-bamai acikin jakar. A ranar 26 ga watan Yuni, rundunar hadin gwiwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta mayar da martani kan harin ta hanyar kai farmaki kan sansanonin ‘yan bindiga guda biyu. A cewar Ministan Tsaro, an kashe kusan mayaƙan 50 a kowane wuri. Sojoji biyu ne aka kashe a samamen.<ref name=Bloomberg>{{cite news|title=Nigeria Militant Camps Raided After Abuja Bombing Killed 21 |date=27 June 2014|author=Elisha Bala-Gbogbo|author2=Daniel Magnowski|work=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-06-27/nigeria-militant-camps-raided-after-abuja-bombing-killed-21-1-.html|access-date=27 June 2014}}</ref> Shugaba [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya dakatar da taron [[African Union|Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] domin ganawa da iyalan waɗanda fashewar ta shafa a ranar 27 ga watan Yuni. “’Yan Najeriya suna fafutuka, suna tunanin yadda za su bayar da tasu gudummawar ga ci gaban [al’umma] kuma suna aiki tukuru don kula da iyalansu [yayin da] wasu ke shagaltuwa da kashe mutane,” in ji shi.<ref name=SkyNews>{{cite news|title=Fear grips Nigeria capital after attack |date=27 June 2014 |publisher=Sky News |url=http://www.skynews.com.au/news/world/africa/2014/06/28/fear-grips-nigeria-capital-after-attack.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140627234143/http://www.skynews.com.au/news/world/africa/2014/06/28/fear-grips-nigeria-capital-after-attack.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 }}</ref> Ba a ɗauki alhakin kai harin ba, amma rahotannin kafafen yaɗa labarai gaba ɗaya na alaƙanta tashin bam din da ƙungiyar [[Boko Haram]].<ref name=BBC /><ref name=DW /> Mako guda kafin hakan, bayanan sirri na gwamnati sun nuna cewa ƙungiyar na shirin yin awon gaba da manyan motocin dakon mai tare da kai su cikin babban birnin ƙasar, waɗanda ke maƙare fam da bama-bamai.<ref name=Bloomberg /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} {{coord|9.0667|N|7.4833|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:NG|display=title}} [[Category:2014 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]] [[Category:Abuja]] [[Category:Boko Haram]] [[Category:Jihar Kaduna]] [[Category:Harin bam a Najeriya]] epy4fmb9klc3oym4lm8pl1gly2xg9x2 0 41473 975529 692236 2026-11-03T11:49:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Da yammacin ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2014, an tayar da bama-bamai a wani filin wasan kwallon kafa da ke birnin [[Mubi (Birni)|Mubi]] a [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa a]] [[Najeriya]]. Aƙalla mutane 40 ne suka mutu a harin, kamar yadda [[shaidun gani da ido]] suka bayyana.<ref name=TimesIndia>{{cite news|title=Bombing at northeast Nigeria football match kills at least 40|work=times of India|date=2 June 2014|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/Bombing-at-northeast-Nigeria-football-match-kills-at-least-40-Police/articleshow/35925885.cms|agency=AFP|access-date=3 June 2014}}</ref> Wasu 19 kuma sun [[jikkata]].<ref name=Leadership /> Ba a bayyana waɗanda suka kai harin ba, kodayake [[rahotannin]] ƙafafen yaɗa labarai na [[zargin]] [[Boko Haram|kungiyar Boko Haram]].<ref name=TimesIndia /> == Wai-wa-ye == ===Mubi=== Birnin Mubi na da nisan mil daga kan iyakar [[Iyakar Kamaru da Najeriya|Kamaru da Najeriya]]. Birnin na ɗaya daga cikin garuruwa uku a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya da ke ƙarƙashin dokar ta baci sama da shekara guda. Duk da haka, hare-haren da ƴan ƙungiyar [[Rikicin Boko Haram|Boko Haram]] suka kai [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]] sun hada da kisan kiyashi a Mubi a shekarar 2012, 2014, [[Harin Bom a Mubi, 2017|2017]] da [[Harin ƙuna baƙin wake a Mubi, 2018|2018]].<ref name=TimesIndia /> ===Boko Haram=== [[Boko Haram]] ƙungiya ce ta ƴan ta'adda da ke adawa da abin da suka ɗauka a matsayin (Westernization)-al'adun turawan yamma, a [[Najeriya]], wanda a cewarsu shi ne tushen aikata laifuka a ƙasar.<ref name=Telegraph>{{cite news | title = Extremist attack in Nigeria kills 42 at boarding school|first=Damien|last=McElroy|date= 6 July 2013 | work = The Daily Telegraph|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10163942/Extremist-attack-in-Nigeria-kills-42-at-boarding-school.html |access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> Dubban mutane ne aka kashe a hare-haren da ƙungiyar ta kai, kuma [[gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya]] ta kafa dokar ta ɓaci a watan Mayun 2013 a [[Borno|jihar Borno]] a yaƙin da take yi da ƴan tada kayar bayan.<ref>{{cite news| title = Nigeria school attack claims 42 lives| agency = Agence France-Presse| work = The Australian| date = 6 July 2013| url = http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/nigeria-school-attack-claims-42-lives/story-e6frg6so-1226675417375| access-date = 3 October 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131221060730/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/nigeria-school-attack-claims-42-lives/story-e6frg6so-1226675417375| archive-date = 21 December 2013| url-status = dead}}</ref> Harwayau sakamakon murƙushe ƴan ta’addan, ya kasa daidaita ƙasar mai yawan mutane fiye da ko wace ƙasa a nahiyar [[Afirka]].<ref name= USAToday /><ref name="AQIM and Boko Haram">{{cite news |url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/aqims-threat-to-western-interests-in-the-sahel |title=AQIM and Boko Haram Threats to Western Interests in the Africa's Sahel |date=28 April 2014 |first=Samuel |last=Aronson |publisher=Combating Terrorism Center Sentinel (CTC), West Point |access-date=4 June 2014 |archive-date=13 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513133524/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/aqims-threat-to-western-interests-in-the-sahel |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hare-haren Boko Haram sun tsananta a shekarar 2014. A watan Fabrairu, ƙungiyar ta kashe Kiristoci fiye da 100 a ƙauyukan [[Baga|Baga, Borno]] da [[Izghe]], Borno.<ref name = USAToday>{{cite news |title=Terrorists kidnap more than 200 Nigerian girls|date=21 April 2014|work= USA Today| first = Oren | last = Dorell | url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/21/parents-234-girls-kidnapped-from-nigeria-school/7958307/ |access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref> Haka kuma a cikin watan Fabrairu, an kashe yara maza 59 a harin da [[Kisan kiyashi a Buni Yadi, Fabrairu 2014|aka kai a Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya]] a [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]].<ref name=theguardian-article>{{cite news |title=Boko Haram kills 59 children at Nigerian boarding school|url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/boko-haram-kills-children-boarding-school|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140226141016/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/boko-haram-kills-children-boarding-school|archive-date= 26 February 2014 |access-date=6 March 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 25 February 2014}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2014, ƙungiyar ta yi garkuwa da ‘yan matan makaranta sama da 200 a rana guda da wani harin bam da aka kai a [[Abuja]] ya kashe aƙalla mutane 88.<ref name=GuardApr23>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy |title= 200 girls are missing in Nigeria – so why doesn't anybody care?| first =Anne | last = Perkins|work=[[The Guardian]]|date= 23 April 2014 | access-date = 23 April 2014}}</ref> A tsakiyar watan Afrilu, an zargi [[Boko Haram]] da haddasa mutuwar mutane kusan 4,000 a shekarar 2014.<ref name = USAToday /> An kashe aƙalla ƙarin wasu mutane 500 tun daga lokacin.<ref name=Reuters /> Bayan sace mutane, hankalin duniya kan lamarin ya tsananta sosai. [[Amurka]], [[Ingila]], [[Faransa]], da sauran ƙasashe{{specify|date=February 2020}} sun bada tallafin kuɗi da/ko tallafin soja don yaƙar [[Boko Haram]].Duk da haka, an ci gaba da kai hare-hare.<ref name=TimesIndia /> A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2014, mutane 118 ne suka mutu a wani [[Harin Bam a Jos, 2014|harin bam da aka kai]] a [[Jos]]. Washegari, an kashe mutane goma sha biyu a wani samame da aka kai, a wani ƙauye.<ref name="BBC21">{{cite web|title=Nigeria violence: 'Boko Haram' kill 27 in village attacks|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27498598|work=BBC|publisher=BBC|date=21 May 2014|access-date=21 May 2014}}</ref> == Kai hari == Da misalin karfe 6:30 na yamma agogon ƙasar (17:30 UTC), bam ya tashi a lokacin da ƴan kallo ke barin filin wasan kwallon kafa a Kabang, [[Mubi (Birni)|Mubi]].<ref name=TimesIndia /> Shaguna da dama sun lalace a fashewar.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2020}} Wani wanda ya tsira daga harin, ya bayyana wurin da lamarin ya faru: "Bayan hayaniyar, na tashi tsaye ga jini a jikina, amma na gane cewa na yi sa'a da rauni kawai na ji, akan waɗanda su ka wargaje ɓalli-ɓalli."<ref name=Leadership>{{cite news|title=Mubi Attack: Prayers Saved Me From Perishing In Bomb Attack – Survivor|date=3 June 2014|work=Leadership|author=Bayo Oladeji|author2=Mohammed Ismail|url=http://leadership.ng/news/373177/mubi-attack-prayers-saved-perishing-bomb-attack-survivor|access-date=4 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606221224/http://leadership.ng/news/373177/mubi-attack-prayers-saved-perishing-bomb-attack-survivor|archive-date=2014-06-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cewar wani wanda lamarin ya faru a gaban [[wiktionary:eye witness|idanunsa]], fashewar ta faeu ne daga cikin taron jama'a da ke tafiya a kan hanyarsu ta komawa gida, wataƙila harin na wani ɗan ƙuna baƙin wake ne.<ref name=TimesIndia /> Sai dai wasu shaidun gani da ido sun ce wata mota ce ta kai abubuwan fashewar.<ref name=Star>{{cite news|title=Nigeria army arrests Sunday bomb suspect|publisher=Star Africa|agency=APA|date=2 June 2014|url=http://en.starafrica.com/news/nigeria-army-arrests-sunday-bomb-suspect.html|access-date=4 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606203517/http://en.starafrica.com/news/nigeria-army-arrests-sunday-bomb-suspect.html|archive-date=6 June 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A karshen makon da ya gabata ma an yi yunƙurin kai irin wannan hari a filin wasan kwallon ƙafa da ke birnin [[Jos]], amma ɗan ƙuna baƙin waken ya tayar da bam ɗin kafin ya kai ga inda ake so a kai harin.<ref name=Reuters /> Rahotannin farko sun ce mutane 14 ne suka mutu a harin inda 12 suka jikkata.<ref name=Reuters>{{cite news|title=Nigeria bomb kills at least 14 at northeast football TV showing|work=Reuters|author=Lanre Ola|author2=Imma Ande|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-idUSKBN0EC1V620140601|access-date=3 June 2014}}</ref> Adadin waɗanda suka mutu a hukumance ya kai 18 tare da jikkata 19 a washegari.<ref name=Leadership /> Sai dai adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya zarta haka a cewar mazauna yankin. Wata ma’aikaciyar jinya ta ce, ɗakin ajiye gawarwaki a asibitin da ke yankin ya “cika matuƙa” da gawarwaki 40 ko sama da haka; wani ɗan sanda ya goyi bayan rahotonta. <ref name=TimesIndia /><ref name=Leadership /> Wani ganau da ya rasa ƴan uwa biyu ya ce kimanin mutane 45 ne suka mutu.<ref name=Leadership /> == Wadanda ake zargi == Kafafen yada labarai sun yi gaggawar alaƙanta harin da ƙungiyar [[Boko Haram]]. Sai dai kuma yankin ya sha fama da tashe-tashen hankula da ba na Boko Haram ba a shekarun baya-bayan nan, don haka ba a san waɗanda suka kai harin ba.<ref name=TimesIndia /> A ranar 2 ga watan Yuni, sojoji sun kama wani da ake zargi da suka kewaye birnin, kuma ana fatan ta silar sa a cafke waɗanda su ka aikata laifin.<ref>{{cite news|title=One arrested after Nigeria football pitch bombing|agency=AFP|date=2 June 2014|url=https://news.yahoo.com/one-arrested-nigeria-football-pitch-bombing-military-093351653.html|access-date=3 June 2014}}</ref> Shaidun gani da ido sun bayyana ganin motar wanda ake zargin a wurin da bam ɗin ya tashi, kafin tashin bam ɗin.<ref name=Star /> == Martani == Ƴan siyasa da suka haɗa da gwamnan jihar Adamawa [[Murtala Nyako]] da kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar [[Umaru Fintiri|Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri]] sun bayyana harin a matsayin na dabbanci. Nyako ya ce gwamnati ta yi baƙin ciki da harin, amma ya yi kira ga ƴan ƙasar da su kwantar da hankalinsu su taimaka wajen gudanar da bincike. Sojoji sun yi wa garin kawanya a ƙoƙarin su na cafke waɗanda suka kai harin.<ref name=Leadership /> == Duba kuma == * [[List of massacres in Nigeria|Jerin kisan kiyashi a Najeriya]] * [[List of terrorist incidents in 2014|Jerin hare-haren ta'addanci a 2014]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Coord|10.2667|N|13.2667|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:NG}} [[Category:2014 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]] [[Category: Harin bom a Najeriya]] [[Category:Boko Haram]] [[Category:Jihar Adamawa]] qsvkqlnnz5qcm3ckt7mg732qm6wz52f 0 48264 975192 499889 2026-11-02T15:46:53Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Bibliothèque_nationale_du_Royaume_du_Maroc_Logo.png|Bibliothèque_nationale_du_Royaume_du_Maroc_Logo.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Taivo|Taivo]] because: [[:c:COM:FU|Fair use]] material is not permitted on Wikimedi 975192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Bibliothèque Nationale du Royaume du Maroc.jpg|thumb|hoton labarure a morroco]] '''Laburare na ƙasa na Masarautar Morocco''' ({{Lang-ar|المكتبة الوطنية للمملكة المغربية}}; Amazigh: ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵏ {{Lang-fr|Bibliothèque nationale du Royaume du Maroc}}, a baya ''Bibliothèque générale'' da ''Bibliothèque générale et Archives'' )<ref>"Qui sommes nous? Historique de la BNRM" . Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2016.</ref> yana cikin [[Rabat]], [[Moroko|Maroko]] tare da reshen sa a Tetouan.<ref>List of Addresses of the Major Libraries in Africa ( Archived June 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine )</ref> Tsohon '''Bibliothèque Générale''' (General Library) an ƙirƙire sa a cikin shekarar 1924. A cikin shekarar 2003, an sake masa suna "Bibliothèque nationale du Royaume du Maroc." <ref>"Historique de la BNRM" (in French). Bibliothèque Nationale du Royaume du Maroc. Retrieved 14 August 2017.</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ɗakin karatu na farko na ƙasar Maroko a cikin shekarar alif dari tara da ashirin da shida 1924 ta Ma'aikatar Kariyar Faransa a Maroko. Bayan dahir (dokar sarauta) a cikin shekarar alif dari tara da ashirin da shida 1926, ta zama cibiyar jama'a. Muhammad Abu Khubza ɗan ƙasar Tétouan ne ya rubuta katalojin ɗakin karatu na reshen wannan birni a cikin shekarar 1984. <ref>Jonathan Glustrom Katz, ''Dreams, Sufism, and Sainthood: The Visionary Career of Muhammad Al-Zawâwî'', pg. 205. </ref> Gine-gine na yanzu a Rabat-Agdal an tsara shi ta hanyar gine-ginen [[Rachid Andaloussi]] da Abdelouahed Mountassir na Casablanca kuma Sarki Mohammed VI ne suka kaddamar a ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2008.<ref>"Bibliothèque Nationale du Royaume du Maroc - Historique de la BNRM" . www.bnrm.ma (in French). Retrieved 2022-02-28.</ref> Ƙarfafawa daga filin [[Hasumiya|minare]] na gine-ginen gargajiya na Moroko, ginin ya gina wani babban gini tare da hasumiya kusa da shi, wanda aka sama da rufin gilashi kuma an yi masa ado da zane -zane na Larabci na zamani. Hakanan akwai fili mai faɗi da sauran wurare na waje don wasan kwaikwayo na al'adu da abubuwan da suka faru.<ref>"Archnet" . www.archnet.org . Retrieved 2022-02-28.</ref> == Duba kuma == * Archives du Maroc, in Rabat * Jerin dakunan karatu na kasa == Manazarta == r0oa35qt77hv8q2s2f4lkdwjjl4oo6o 0 48308 975196 959793 2026-11-02T15:49:57Z Salma Raddah 45959 975196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} Gidan kayan tarihi na '''Kgosi Sechele I''' gidan kayan gargajiya ne na kasa da ke Molepolole, [[Botswana]]. An kafa gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin shekarar 1902 kuma an buɗe shi ga jama'a a cikin shekarar 1992.<ref>Sechele, Kgosi. "Establishment of Kgosi Sechele Museum (Molepolole)" . Retrieved 30 November 2017.</ref> Abubuwan da aka fi sani sun haɗa da abubuwan tunawa da yawa da suka shafi shahararren mai binciken David Livingstone Shekaran 1813 zuwa 1873).<ref><nowiki>https://www.touristlink.com</nowiki> › overv... Kgosi Sechele I Museum - Botswana</ref> == Tarihi == Gidan kayan tarihi na Kgosi Sechele yana kiyayewa da haɓaka al'adun [[Botswana]]. An kafa ta a cikin shekarar 1902 kuma mutanen gundumar kweneng na Molepolole ne suka gina ta.<ref><nowiki>https://www.africabib.org</nowiki> › rec Kgosi Sechele I Museum</ref> An yi ginin a cikin tsoffin gine-ginen tarihi kuma an bayyana shi a buɗe ga jama'a a cikin shekarar 1992 da kuma gidan kayan tarihi na ƙasa.<ref>Smithsonian Institution <nowiki>https://www.si.edu</nowiki> › siris_sil_750024 Kgosi Sechele I Museum</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/mobile/news-details.php?nid=42311&flag=?r=1{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} t8b7ansfeat8kqpfgavxtegrdetkbue 0 50780 975513 504379 2026-11-03T09:22:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Haɗin kai mai ban mamaki''' Kayan lantarki ne na mabukaci kuma dillalin IT mai aiki a [[Kudancin Afirka]]. [[Fayil:Fourways Mall Incredible.jpeg|thumb|Kofar Shagon da ake saida kayan]] An kafa haɗin software a cikin 1989 ta 'yan kasuwa Michael Glezerson (Ostiraliya) da Michael David Smith (Australia). Shagon farko yana cikin Sandton City, Johannesburg. A cikin 1995 an buɗe haɗin kai na farko a Woodmead, Johannesburg.<ref>{{cite news|title=Connection Group sheds software unit|url=http://www.fin24.com/Companies/Connection-Group-sheds-software-unit-20020618|accessdate=16 June 2011|newspaper=Finance 24|date=18 June 2002}}</ref> Kamfanin yanzu shine babban mai siyar da kayan lantarki da IT a [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da nahiyar Afirka. A ranar 15 ga Disamba 1998, [[Connection Group Holdings Limited]] ya sami Haɗin Haɗin Kai kuma yanzu yana aiki a matsayin reshen wannan kamfani,<ref>{{cite web|title=Incredible Connection - Company Overview|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117742154|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013134350/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117742154|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 October 2012|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|accessdate=4 June 2011}}</ref> da kansa wani reshe ne na [[JD Group Limited]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://jdgroup.co.za/2011/brands_incredible.htm | quote=Incredible Connection was founded in 1990 and was acquired by the Group in 2005 and trades out of 58 stores in South Africa, Botswana and Namibia. | year=2011 | title=JD Group Incredible Connection | access-date=15 June 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818213331/http://jdgroup.co.za/2011/brands_incredible.htm | archive-date=18 August 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamar na 2018, Ƙarfafa Haɗin kai yana da kantuna 78 a kudancin Afirka,<ref>{{cite web |title=Store Locator |url=https://www.incredible.co.za/storelocator/ |accessdate=18 February 2018}}</ref> daga 34 a cikin 2005.<ref>{{cite news|title=Connection performs incredibly|url=http://www.fin24.com/Companies/Connection-performs-incredibly-20050412|accessdate=16 June 2011|newspaper=Finance 24|date=12 April 2005}}</ref> == Kayayyaki == A cikin 2009 Dell ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai samar da samfuran sa ga Haɗin Haɗin Kai.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mydigitallife.co.za/office/dell/PressRelease.php?StoryID=1050747 | date=2009-11-10 | title=Stocking Dell computers gives Incredible Connection world's top three | work=Dell Press Release | access-date=15 June 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002090351/http://www.mydigitallife.co.za/office/dell/PressRelease.php?StoryID=1050747 | archive-date=2 October 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> A ƙarshen 2010 ya fara ba da tarin bayanan ADSL ga abokan cinikin da ke siyan PC ko litattafan rubutu ta hanyar rarar kashin bayan Intanet daga SAT3 da Seacom.<ref>{{cite news|title=Incredible Connection brings internet to the masses|url=http://www.techsmart.co.za/features/news/Incredible_Connection_brings_internet_to_the_masses.html|accessdate=4 June 2011|date=18 November 2010|work=Techsmart|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123093450/http://www.techsmart.co.za/features/news/Incredible_Connection_brings_internet_to_the_masses.html|archive-date=23 November 2010|url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2011, Lenovo ya ba da sanarwar cewa kwamfyutocin [[ThinkPad]] da aka farfado za su kasance a Haɗin Haɗin Kai.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mybroadband.co.za/news/hardware/27541-thinkpad-x1-and-more-from-lenovo-in-sa.html | work=My Broadband Mobile | title=Thinkpad X1 and more from Lenovo in SA | date=2011-06-24 }}</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Category:Kasuwanci a Afrika]] 6x7ho34xuoyoi7ohe5nsuyfixsnekfk 0 52883 975281 591292 2026-11-02T17:54:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatima Zahra Tagnaout''' ( {{Lang-ar|فاطمة الزهراء تاكناوت}}; <ref name="ASFAR"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">[https://as-far.ma/fr/effectif/27 "Effectif : Football - Dames"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212213400/https://as-far.ma/fr/effectif/27 |date=2020-02-12 }}. </cite></ref> an haife ta ranar 20 watan Janairu, 1999) ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce, ƴar ƙasar Morocco wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai buga wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar ASFAR da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Morocco|ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Maroko]]. == Aikin kulob == Fatima Tagnaout ta buga wa ASFAR wasa a Morocco. <ref name="ASFAR"/> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Fatima Tagnaout ya buga wa Maroko a babban mataki. <ref name="SNRTN"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">[https://snrtnews.com/article/المنتخب-النسوي-اللبؤات-يؤكدن-تفوقهن-على-مالي <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="186">"المنتخب النسوي .</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="187">. </span>]<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="188">[https://snrtnews.com/article/المنتخب-النسوي-اللبؤات-يؤكدن-تفوقهن-على-مالي اللبؤات يؤكدن تفوقهن على مالي"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="189">''SNRT News'' (in Arabic). 14 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="190"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2021</span>.</span></cite></ref> === Manufar kasa da kasa === ''Maki da sakamako ne suka fara zura kwallaye a ragar Morocco'' {| class="wikitable" !A'a. ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasa ! Ref. |- | style="text-align:center;" | 1 | rowspan="2" | 31 ga Janairu, 2020 | rowspan="2" | Stade Municipal de Témara, Temara, Morocco | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|TUN}}</img>{{Fbw|TUN}} | style="text-align:center;" | '''3-1''' | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 6–3 | rowspan="2" | Sada zumunci | rowspan="2" | |- style="text-align:center;" | 2 | '''4-2''' |} == Girmamawa == '''KA FARUWA''' * [[Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Morocco|Gasar Mata ta Morocco]] (8): 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} * Kofin Al'arshi na Mata na Morocco (6): 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CAF (1): 2022 ; wuri na uku: 2021{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} '''Maroko''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka : 2022{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} * Gasar Mata ta UNAF : 2020{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} '''Mutum''' * Gwarzon dan wasan zakarun mata na CAF : 2022{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CAF : 2021, 2022{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} * Kungiyar IFFHS Afirka na Shekara: 2022 == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na mata na kasar Morocco == Manazarta == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Fatima Tagnaout on Instagram [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] 5fycw13k460xomkp38n5aw4zsj9kxw3 0 53460 975307 664763 2026-11-02T18:50:08Z Zahrah0 14848 975307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Al' amin Buhari''' ya kasance tsohon jarumi ne Kuma fitaccen jarumi a masana'antar fim ta Hausa wato masana'antar [[Kannywood]],Yana daga cikin iyaye a Masana'antar a halin yanzun, ya Dade Yana fim tun yana matashi, yayi fina finai da dama a masana'antar fim ta Hausa wato kanniwud.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/al-ameen-buhari-from-location-driver-to-kannywood-beloved-actor/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-22 |archive-date=2023-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722112649/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/al-ameen-buhari-from-location-driver-to-kannywood-beloved-actor/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/tag/alamin-buhari</ref> == Takaitaccen Tarihin sa == Sunan sa Al'amin buhari Haifaaffen garin Jos ne yayi karatun Boko Dana addini daidai gwargwado, yayi karatun Kur'ani da hadisai a garin [[lafia]] [[Nasarawa|jihar nasarawa]], a karatun Boko Kuma ya tsaya a matakin sakandiri ne, shi matukin babbar mota ne wato direba daga Nan ya fada harkan fim,ya fara harkan fim Yan a matsayin direba ne, Yana da aure matar sa daya da Yara biyar, ya aurar da babbar yar sa a halin yanzun ma Yana da jika.yayi fina finai da dama kamar su.<ref>https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2018/02/karanta-kaji-wallahi-babu-yadda-mijina.html?m=1</ref> * fitar tsiro<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://hutudole.com/al-amin-buhari-tare-da-atiku-abubakar/ |access-date=2023-07-22 |archive-date=2023-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722112646/https://hutudole.com/al-amin-buhari-tare-da-atiku-abubakar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ahalul kitabi * Fargaba * Kwana casa,in da sauran su. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Maza yan wasan kwaikwayo]] bbwk3hj26np2vywwz3c0z42s0asd85m 0 53532 975308 722610 2026-11-02T18:51:18Z Zahrah0 14848 /* */ 975308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kabiru Mai Kaba''' tsohon jarumi ne a masana'antar fim<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2019/06/za-a-hana-yin-fina-finan-soyyaya-a-kannywood-moppan/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-22 |archive-date=2023-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722213748/https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2019/06/za-a-hana-yin-fina-finan-soyyaya-a-kannywood-moppan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta [[Hausa]] wato masana'antar [[Kannywood]] wanda dasu aka kafa masana'antar.Yana daga cikin manyan iyaye Maza da ake girmamawa a masana'antar, Yana taka rawa a matsayin mahaifi uaba dattijo, yayi fina finai da dama shekaru masu yawa, daga baya aka daina ganin sa a fim, a yanzun haka shine shugaban kungiyar MOPPAN <ref>https://fimmagazine.com/tag/kabiru-maikaba/</ref>ta kasa, kungiyar tantance fina finai,Yana daga cikin manyan masu yanke hukunci a masana'antar, maikaba yana da mata Hajiya Binta da iyalai Wadda ta Hada Aminatu Kabir Maikaba (Mahmah).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/amp/26d2fd935aa083ad47a0b1c8db0faf02 |access-date=2023-07-22 |archive-date=2023-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722213448/https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/amp/26d2fd935aa083ad47a0b1c8db0faf02 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.arewablogng.com/mu-ba-mu-yarda-a-dawo-da-rahama-sadau-ba-kabiru-maikaba/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-22 |archive-date=2023-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722215239/https://www.arewablogng.com/mu-ba-mu-yarda-a-dawo-da-rahama-sadau-ba-kabiru-maikaba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://thewhistler.ng/tag/kabiru-maikaba/</ref> {{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] gaoxymismpxhzku25b6iic2k8woz8r7 0 53870 975195 482648 2026-11-02T15:48:59Z Salma Raddah 45959 975195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{Databox}} [[Alhaji|Haji]] '''Mohd Nor Othman''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Mayun shekarar 1952) ya kasance memba na majalisar dokokin Malaysia na mazabar Hulu Terengganu a Terengganu daga 2008 zuwa 2013, yana zaune a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) a cikin hadin gwiwar Barisan Nasional mai mulki. [[Fayil:Mohd Nor Othman.jpg|thumb|Mohd Nura Othman]] An zabi Mohd Nor a majalisar dokoki a zaɓen shekarata 2008, amma bai sake tsayawa takarar kujerarsa a zaben 2013 ba.<ref>{{Cite web| title =Malaysia Decides 2008| work =[[The Star (Malaysia)]]| url =http://thestar.com.my/election/results2004/01/01p.html| accessdate =30 December 2009| url-status =dead| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20080821190605/http://thestar.com.my/election/results2004/01/01p.html| archivedate =21 August 2008| df =dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news_lite.php?id=315102|title=Terengganu BN Names 15 New Faces, Drops Giant Killer Abdul Rahman Bakar|date=20 February 2008|work=[[Bernama]]|accessdate=4 June 2010}}</ref> Mohd Nor ya yi takara a karkashin tikitin PKR a 2018 a Kuala Berang amma kawai ya sami kuri'u 969. == Sakamakon zaben == {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Majalisar dokokin Malaysia'''<ref name="election results">{{cite web|url=http://semak.spr.gov.my/spr/laporan/5_KedudukanAkhir.php|title=Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum Parlimen/Dewan Undangan Negeri|publisher=[[Election Commission of Malaysia]]|accessdate=5 June 2010}} Percentage figures based on total turnout.</ref> !Shekara !Mazabar ! colspan="2" |Mai neman takara !Zaɓuɓɓuka !Pct ! colspan="2" |Masu adawa !Zaɓuɓɓuka !Pct |- |2008 |Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |Mohd Nor Othman ([[UMNO]]) | align="right" |27,784 |Kashi 60 cikin 100 | {{Party shading/PAS}} | |Kamaruzaman Abdullah (PAS) | align="right" |17,324 |38% |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] rtldi22xtxh8neeuqx5wsqj7n0pfdp8 0 54836 975306 691273 2026-11-02T18:49:31Z Zahrah0 14848 975306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tanimu Akawu''' tsohon jarumi ne a masana'antar fim ta kasar [[Hausa]] wato [[Kannywood]] yayi fina finai da dama a masana'antar fim ta [[Hausa]] wato Kannywood,Yana taka rawa a matsayin uba a masana'antar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.arewablogng.com/mata-yan-fim-cikakkun-karuwai-ne-tanimu-akawu/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-29 |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729205310/https://www.arewablogng.com/mata-yan-fim-cikakkun-karuwai-ne-tanimu-akawu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == Muhammad tanimu shine Cikakken sunan sa anfi sanin sa da tanimu Akawu , ya Sami suna Akawu daga kakannin sa inda sunan ya bishi, an haife shi a jihar filato a garin Jos , a ranar 4 ga watan July shekarar 1974, yayi fina finai da dama a masana'antar<ref>https://www.blueprint.ng/the-real-tanimu-akawu/</ref> * Abbana * Barrister * namijin duniya * Nasibi * ga duhu ga haske * banga masoyi ba * Bilal * ban shirya ba * Mazan ko Matan * Artabu<ref>http://hausafilms.tv/actor/tanimu_akawu</ref> * duniyar sama * Bashin gaba * wani gari * Zeenat<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rimikatsinanews.com.ng/2023/02/mutuwar-jarumin-kannywood-tanimu-akawu.html?m=1 |access-date=2023-07-29 |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729203809/https://www.rimikatsinanews.com.ng/2023/02/mutuwar-jarumin-kannywood-tanimu-akawu.html?m=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Haifaffun 1974]] rq3rsh0285rmhdmil6xeuqjy46g07bh 0 60594 975198 898970 2026-11-02T15:53:28Z Salma Raddah 45959 975198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Lago Plateado, Parque nacional y reserva Wrangell-San Elías, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-22, DD 122-127 PAN.jpg|thumb|lokacin silver]] '''Whendee Silver;''' kwararre ne kan yanayin halittu na Amurka kuma masanin ilimin halittu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://climateone.org/audio/down-and-dirty|title=Down and Dirty|last=Pilot|first=Otto|date=2015-02-13|work=Climate One|access-date=2018-11-13|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Grasslands, Compost and Climate Change Mitigation: a Conversation with Whendee Silver|url=https://soundcloud.com/yaleuniversity/grasslands-compost-and-climate-change-mitigation-a-conversation-with-whendee-silver|language=en|access-date=2018-11-13}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Silver ya girma a Kudancin California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://climateone.org/audio/down-and-dirty|title=Down and Dirty|last=Pilot|first=Otto|date=2015-02-13|work=Climate One|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en}}</ref> Ta sami MS a Kimiyyar Daji daga Makarantar Yale na Gandun daji acikin 1987 kuma a cikin 1992,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lexiconoffood.com/post/managing-soil-resilient-farmland|title=Managing Soil for Resilient Farmland|date=2015-06-04|work=Lexicon of Food|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ta sami PhD dinta daga Jami'ar Yale.<ref name=":1" /> == Sana'a da bincike == Silver farfesa ne a fannin ilimin halittu a Jami'ar California, Berkeley.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/18/magazine/dirt-save-earth-carbon-farming-climate-change.html|title=Can Dirt Save the Earth?|last=Velasquez-Manoff|first=Moises|work=The New York Times |date=18 April 2018 |access-date=2018-11-08|language=en}}</ref> Tare da mai da hankali kan ilimin halittu, bincikenta galibi yana nufin kyakkyawar fahimtar tsarin kasa don rage tasirin sauyin yanayi.<ref name=":0" /> Wani muhimmin sashi na aikinta ya mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayi na wurare masu zafi, kasansu, tsirrai, da yadda abubuwan gina jiki da yanayin carbon ta hanyarsu.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Physiological Ecology of Tropical Plants|journal = Biogeochemistry|volume = 44|issue = 3|pages = 301–328|last=Lüttge|first=Ulrich|date=2007-12-14|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9783540717935|language=en|doi=10.1007/bf00996995|s2cid = 94545902}}</ref> Silver ita ce jagorar masana kimiyya a Marin Carbon Project, wanda ta taimaka gano a 2008. Aikin Carbon na Marin yana amfani da kimiyya don inganta sarrafa kasa, don yin tunani game da tsarin gabadaya kuma don haka la'akari da kimar sabis na yanayin halittu kamar ikon sarrafa kasa na C, da sanya sarrafa gonaki da kiwo mafi a tsakiya a kusa da sarrafa carbon. Ta hanyar wannan aikin tana aiki tare da masu kiwon dabbobi, ta yin amfani da takin don sarrafa carbon a filin kiwo a California, yana habbaka ikon kasa don sarrafa carbon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.berkeley.edu/2015/09/29/to-the-rescue-berkeley-names-faculty-climate-action-champion/|title=To the rescue: Berkeley names Faculty Climate Action Champion|date=2015-09-29|work=Berkeley News|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/18/magazine/dirt-save-earth-carbon-farming-climate-change.html|title=Can Dirt Save the Earth?|last=Velasquez-Manoff|first=Moises|work=The New York Times |date=18 April 2018 |access-date=2018-11-08|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://grist.org/climate-energy/just-add-compost-how-to-turn-your-grassland-ranch-into-a-carbon-sink/|title=Just add compost: How to turn your grassland ranch into a carbon sink|date=2014-01-16|work=Grist|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == * Aldo Leopold Leadership Fellow, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://envs.uoregon.edu/news/bohannan-aldo-leopold/|title=Bohannan selected as Leopold Leadership Fellow {{!}} Environmental Studies Program|website=envs.uoregon.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-08}}</ref> * Abokin Sadarwar Kimiyya na Google, 2011. * Kyautar Innovation daga Rijistar Carbon ta Amurka, 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2011/02/google-announces-21-phd-scientistsas-science-communication-fellows/|title=Google Announces 21 Ph.D. Scientists As 'Science Communication Fellows' » Yale Climate Connections|date=2011-02-16|work=Yale Climate Connections|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en-US}}</ref> * UC Berkeley Faculty Climate Action Champion, 2015-2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uccs.ucdavis.edu/events/2016-October-13-Silver|title=From Garbage to Gold: Managing California's Grasslands for Climate Change Mitigation — UC Center Sacramento|website=uccs.ucdavis.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-11-08}}</ref> * Fellow of the Ecological Society of America, 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.berkeley.edu/2015/09/29/to-the-rescue-berkeley-names-faculty-climate-action-champion/|title=To the rescue: Berkeley names Faculty Climate Action Champion|date=2015-09-29|work=Berkeley News|access-date=2018-11-08|language=en-US}}</ref> * ESPM Distinguished Faculty Lecturer, 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uccs.ucdavis.edu/events/2016-October-13-Silver|title=From Garbage to Gold: Managing California's Grasslands for Climate Change Mitigation — UC Center Sacramento|website=uccs.ucdavis.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-11-08}}</ref> * Fellow, Kungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka, 2021<ref>{{Cite web|title=2021 Class of AGU Fellows Announced|url=https://eos.org/agu-news/2021-class-of-agu-fellows-announced|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Eos|date=28 September 2021|language=en-US}}</ref> == Labarai == An buga binciken Silver akan ilimin kimiyyar halittu na tsire-tsire masu zafi a cikin mujallu na ilimi da yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Silver|first1=Whendee L.|last2=Lugo|first2=A. E.|last3=Keller|first3=M.|date=March 1999|title=Soil oxygen availability and biogeochemistry along rainfall and topographic gradients in upland wet tropical forest soils|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biogeochemistry_1999-03_44_3/page/301|journal=Biogeochemistry|language=en|volume=44|issue=3|pages=301–328|doi=10.1007/bf00996995|s2cid=94545902|issn=0168-2563}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cleveland|first1=Cory C.|last2=Townsend|first2=Alan R.|last3=Taylor|first3=Philip|last4=Alvarez-Clare|first4=Silvia|last5=Bustamante|first5=Mercedes M. C.|last6=Chuyong|first6=George|last7=Dobrowski|first7=Solomon Z.|last8=Grierson|first8=Pauline|last9=Harms|first9=Kyle E.|date=2011-07-12|title=Relationships among net primary productivity, nutrients and climate in tropical rain forest: a pan-tropical analysis|journal=Ecology Letters|language=en|volume=14|issue=9|pages=939–947|doi=10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01658.x|pmid=21749602|issn=1461-023X|doi-access=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Silver|first1=Whendee L.|last2=Thompson|first2=Andrew W.|last3=McGroddy|first3=Megan E.|last4=Varner|first4=Ruth K.|last5=Dias|first5=Jadson D.|last6=Silva|first6=Hudson|last7=Crill|first7=Patrick M.|last8=Keller|first8=Michael|date=February 2005|title=Fine root dynamics and trace gas fluxes in two lowland tropical forest soils|journal=Global Change Biology|language=en|volume=11|issue=2|pages=290–306|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00903.x|bibcode=2005GCBio..11..290S|s2cid=85253188 |issn=1354-1013|url=https://scholars.unh.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1426&context=faculty_pubs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=CUSACK|first1=DANIELA F.|last2=CHOU|first2=WENDY W.|last3=YANG|first3=WENDY H.|last4=HARMON|first4=MARK E.|last5=SILVER|first5=WHENDEE L.|date=May 2009|title=Controls on long-term root and leaf litter decomposition in neotropical forests|journal=Global Change Biology|language=en|volume=15|issue=5|pages=1339–1355|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01781.x|bibcode=2009GCBio..15.1339C|s2cid=39890498|issn=1354-1013}}</ref> An bayyana binciken Silver a cikin littafin ''Physiological Ecology of Tropical Plants'' na Ulrich Lüttge.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Liptzin|first1=Daniel|last2=Silver|first2=Whendee L.|date=November 2015|title=Spatial patterns in oxygen and redox sensitive biogeochemistry in tropical forest soils|journal=Ecosphere|language=en|volume=6|issue=11|pages=art211|doi=10.1890/es14-00309.1|issn=2150-8925|doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Silver|first1=Whendee L.|last2=Hall|first2=Steven J.|last3=González|first3=Grizelle|date=November 2014|title=Differential effects of canopy trimming and litter deposition on litterfall and nutrient dynamics in a wet subtropical forest|url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/47465|journal=Forest Ecology and Management|language=en|volume=332|pages=47–55|doi=10.1016/j.foreco.2014.05.018|issn=0378-1127}}</ref> Silver yana da wallafe-wallafe sama da 145 kamar na 2018. === wallafe-wallafen da aka zaba === * Mayer, A., Z. Hausfather, AD Jones, da WL Silver. 2018. Yiwuwar Gudanar da Filayen Noma don Ba da Gudunmawa ga Ƙananan Zazzabi na Duniya. Ci gaban Kimiyya. A cikin Latsa. * O'Connell, C., L. Ruan, da WL Silver. 2018. Fari yana haifar da sauye-sauye cikin sauri a cikin yanayin dajin dajin zafi na wurare masu zafi da yanayin kimiyyar halittu da hayakin iskar gas. Sadarwar yanayi DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03352-3. * Yang, WH, R. Ryals, DF Cusack, da WL Azurfa. 2017. Kididdigar giciye-biome na babbar kasa ta tukin keken nitrogen a cikin yanayin yanayin California. Ilimin Halitta na Kasa da Biochemistry107: 144-155. * McNicol, G., CS Sturtevant, SH Knox, I. Dronova, DD Baldocchi, da WLSilver. 2017. Tasirin yanayi na yanayi, hanyar sufuri, da tsarin sararin samaniya akan maido da kwararar iskar gas mai kayatarwa. Canjin Halittar Duniya DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13580. * Ryals, R., VT Eviner, C. Stein, KN Suding, da WL Silver. 2016. Sarrafa sabis na tsarin halittu masu yawa: shin akwai bangarorin ciniki tsakanin sarrafa carbon, samar da tsire-tsire da bambancin shuka a cikin ciyayi da aka gyara tare da takin? Ecosphere doi: 10.1002/ecs2.1270. * Hall, SJ, J. Treffkorn, da WL Silver. 2014. Breaking the enzymatic latch: Tasirin rage yanayi akan ayyukan enzyme hydrolytic a cikin ƙasan gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Ilimin Halitta95: 2964-2973. * Liptzin, D. da WL Silver. 2015. Tsarin sararin samaniya a cikin iskar oxygen da redox m biochemistry a cikin kasan gandun daji masu zafi. Ecospheres 6: 1-14. * Silver, WL, SJ Hall, da G. González . 2014. Daban-daban tasirin datsawar alfarwa da zurfafa zuriyar dabbobi akan zuriyar dabbobi da kuzarin gina jiki acikin gandun daji mai jika. Ilimin Halittar Daji da Gudanarwa332: 47-55. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] f131kkhi5aplzjcx2esq21qy7lp5xuz 0 61172 975498 973928 2026-11-03T08:47:18Z Zahrah0 14848 975498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Joshua Dobbs & Montez Sweat Cardinals vs Commanders SEP2023.jpg|thumb|Joshua Dobbs]] [[Fayil:Joshua Dobbs March 2018 2.jpg|thumb|Jhoton joshua]] '''Robert Joshua Dobbs''' (An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga watan Janairu acikin shekara ta alif 1995 ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na [[Amurka]] don Cardinal Arizona na National Football League (NFL).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joshua Dobbs |url=https://www.spotrac.com/nfl/arizona-cardinals/joshua-dobbs-21877/ |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=Spotrac.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya buga wasan kwallon kafa na kwaleji a Tennessee, kuma Pittsburgh Steelers ya zabe shi a zagaye na huɗu acikin shekara ta 2017 NFL Draft . == Shekarun farko == Dobbs an haife shi ne kuma ya girma a Alpharetta, Jojiya, ɗan Stephanie da Robert Dobbs.<ref name="Sports Fest">{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2017 |title=Joshua Dobbs To Speak at Sports Fest 2017 |url=http://www.1045thezone.com/2017/03/23/joshua-dobbs-to-speak-at-sports-fest-2017/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918091040/http://www.1045thezone.com/2017/03/23/joshua-dobbs-to-speak-at-sports-fest-2017/ |archive-date=September 18, 2018 |access-date=April 29, 2017 |website=104–5 The Zone}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa ta yi ritaya daga United Parcel Service (UPS) a matsayin mai sarrafa yanki a cikin albarkatun jama'a, kuma mahaifinsa babban mataimakin shugaban ƙasa ne na Wells Fargo . <ref name="alopecia">{{Cite web |last=Ubben |first=David |date=August 19, 2016 |title=Face of Vols is True Inspiration |url=http://www.sportsonearth.com/article/196382144/joshua-dobbs-tennessee-quarterback-alopecia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210194916/http://www.sportsonearth.com/article/196382144/joshua-dobbs-tennessee-quarterback-alopecia |archive-date=February 10, 2019 |access-date=April 29, 2017 |website=Sports on Earth}}</ref> Dobbs yana da alopecia areata, cutar da ke haifar da asarar gashi, wanda ya fara tasowa lokacin da yake sauyawa daga makarantar firamare zuwa ƙaramar sakandare.<ref name="alopecia" /><ref name="Q&A">{{Cite magazine |last1=Evans |first1=Thayer |last2=Thamel |first2=Pete |author-link2=Pete Thamel |date=September 11, 2015 |title=Q&A with Tennessee quarterback Josh Dobbs |magazine=Sports Illustrated |url=https://www.si.com/college-football/2015/09/11/ucla-bruins-freshman-quarterback-josh-rosen-living-hype |url-status=live |access-date=April 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817204821/https://www.si.com/college-football/2015/09/11/ucla-bruins-freshman-quarterback-josh-rosen-living-hype |archive-date=August 17, 2017}}</ref> Dobbs ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ɗan shekara biyar.<ref name="parents">{{Cite web |last=Potkey |first=Rhiannon |date=September 29, 2016 |title=Joshua Dobbs' parents savoring son's last season as Vols quarterback |url=http://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/ut/2016/09/29/joshua-dobbs-tennessee-vols-quarterback-parents-georgia-bulldogs/91297744/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015337/https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/ut/2016/09/29/joshua-dobbs-tennessee-vols-quarterback-parents-georgia-bulldogs/91297744/ |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=April 29, 2017 |website=The Tennessean |agency=USA Today Network}}</ref> Ya halarci Makarantar Wesleyan sannan ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Alpharetta . A matsayinsa na babba tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Alpharetta Raiders, ya yi jifa don yadudduka 3,625 tare da taɓawa 29. Dobbs ya kuma kasance mai ɗaukar taurari uku ta Rivals.com da tauraro hudu ta Scout.com .<ref name="Sports Fest" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Joshua Dobbs, 2013 Pro Style Quarterback |url=https://n.rivals.com/content/prospects/2013/joshua-dobbs-14271 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920054928/https://n.rivals.com/content/prospects/2013/joshua-dobbs-14271 |archive-date=September 20, 2021 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=Rivals.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Joshua Dobbs, Alpharetta , Pro-Style Quarterback |url=https://247sports.com/Player/Joshua-Dobbs-16152/high-school-26815/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015338/https://247sports.com/Player/Joshua-Dobbs-16152/high-school-26815/ |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=247Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Da farko ya himmatu ga Jami'ar Jihar Arizona don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji, amma a cikin Fabrairu shekarar 2013, ya canza alƙawarinsa zuwa Jami'ar Tennessee .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fornelli |first=Tom |date=February 6, 2013 |title=QB Joshua Dobbs flips from Arizona State to Tennessee |url=http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/eye-on-college-football/21655864/qb-joshua-dobbs-flips-from-arizona-state-to-tennessee |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104065951/http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/eye-on-college-football/21655864/qb-joshua-dobbs-flips-from-arizona-state-to-tennessee |archive-date=November 4, 2014 |access-date=February 6, 2013 |website=[[CBSSports.com]]}}</ref> Dobbs ya ƙware a fannin injiniyan sararin samaniya a lokacinsa a Jami'ar Tennessee.<ref name="Q&A" />Jami'ar ta ba shi lambar yabo ta shekarar 2017 Torchbearer Award, lambar yabo mafi girma ga ɗalibi mai digiri, wanda ya gane nasarori a cikin al'umma da kuma ilimi. An sanar da Dobbs a matsayin yana da cikakkiyar maƙasudin maki 4.0 kuma ana sa masa suna zuwa Tsarin Daraja na Ilimi na Kudu maso Gabas.<ref name="Torchbearer">{{Cite news |last=Potkey |first=Rhiannon |date=March 30, 2017 |title=Joshua Dobbs honored as University of Tennessee Torchbearer |work=Knoxville News Sentinel |agency=USA Today Netword |url=http://www.knoxnews.com/story/sports/college/university-of-tennessee/football/2017/03/30/joshua-dobbs-honored-university-tennessee-torchbearer/99824816/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127225305/https://www.knoxnews.com/story/sports/college/university-of-tennessee/football/2017/03/30/joshua-dobbs-honored-university-tennessee-torchbearer/99824816/ |archive-date=November 27, 2020}}</ref> == Aikin koleji == === kakar 2013 === [[Fayil:Joshua Dobbs Browns 2023 Camp.jpg|thumb|Joshua Dobbs]] A matsayin ɗan wasa na gaskiya a Jami'ar Tennessee a cikin shekarar 2013, Dobbs ya buga wasanni biyar tare da farawa huɗu bayan farawa Justin Worley ya ji rauni a asarar 45–10 akan #1 Alabama Crimson Tide a filin wasa na Bryant – Denny . Dobbs ya shiga wasan a kan hanya a No. 1 Alabama kuma ya kammala 5-of-12 passes for 75 yards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 29, 2013 |title=Justin Worley out, Joshua Dobbs in for Tennessee at QB |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/sec/2013/10/29/joshua-dobbs-justin-worley-tennessee-volunteers-quarterback/3310445/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817233010/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/sec/2013/10/29/joshua-dobbs-justin-worley-tennessee-volunteers-quarterback/3310445/ |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=August 17, 2018 |website=USA Today |agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennessee at Alabama Box Score, October 26, 2013 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2013-10-26-alabama.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817230041/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2013-10-26-alabama.html |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya fara wasan sa na farko a kan #10 Missouri Tigers a Faurot Field .<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=Daniel |date=October 29, 2013 |title=Freshman quarterback Joshua Dobbs to start for Tennessee at No. 10 Missouri |work=[[Chattanooga Times Free Press]] |location=Knoxville, Tennessee |url=http://nooga.com/164045/freshman-quarterback-joshua-dobbs-to-start-for-tennessee-at-no-10-missouri/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103035540/http://www.nooga.com/164045/freshman-quarterback-joshua-dobbs-to-start-for-tennessee-at-no-10-missouri/ |archive-date=November 3, 2013}}</ref> Ya kammala 26-of-42 wucewa don yadudduka 240 a cikin asarar 31-3, wanda shine mafi yawan yadudduka masu wucewa a farkon farkon farkon tun daga shekarar 2004; Erik Ainge (118) da Brent Schaefer (123) a kan ' yan tawayen UNLV .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennessee at Missouri Box Score, November 2, 2013 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2013-11-02-missouri.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701133425/http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2013-11-02-missouri.html |archive-date=July 1, 2017 |access-date=July 6, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> Bayan asarar 55-23 zuwa #7 Auburn Tigers <ref>{{Cite web |title=Auburn at Tennessee Box Score, November 9, 2013 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2013-11-09-tennessee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701134048/http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2013-11-09-tennessee.html |archive-date=July 1, 2017 |access-date=July 6, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> da kuma asarar 14-10 ga Vanderbilt Commodores,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanderbilt at Tennessee Box Score, November 23, 2013 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2013-11-23-tennessee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701134053/http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2013-11-23-tennessee.html |archive-date=July 1, 2017 |access-date=July 6, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> Dobbs sun haɗu da ingantaccen aiki a kan Kentucky Wildcats a filin wasa na Commonwealth . A cikin nasarar 27–14, Dobbs ya jefa ƙetare biyu na farko na aikin taɓawa kuma yana da saurin yadi 40.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennessee at Kentucky Box Score, November 30, 2013 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2013-11-30-kentucky.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701133048/http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2013-11-30-kentucky.html |archive-date=July 1, 2017 |access-date=July 6, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> Gabaɗaya, ya kammala wucewar 72-na-121 don yadudduka 695 tare da taɓawa biyu da tsangwama guda shida sannan kuma ya garzaya don yadudduka 189 da taɓawa a lokacin sa na gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Feldman |first=Bruce |date=March 10, 2014 |title=Volunteers QB Joshua Dobbs impressing on the field, in classroom |url=http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/writer/bruce-feldman/24477125/vol-qb-dobbs-impressing-on-field-and-in-classroom |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311105920/http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/writer/bruce-feldman/24477125/vol-qb-dobbs-impressing-on-field-and-in-classroom |archive-date=March 11, 2014 |access-date=March 10, 2014 |website=[[CBSSports.com]]}}</ref> === Kakar 2014 === Dobbs ya yi gasa tare da Worley (babba) da Nathan Peterman (mai matsayi na biyu), don zama farkon Tennessee na kakar shekarar 2014. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Patrick |date=March 7, 2014 |title=Jones says Vols' QB competition 'will take care of itself' |work=[[Chattanooga Times Free Press]] |location=Knoxville, Tennessee |url=http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/sports/college/story/2014/mar/07/jones-says-vols-qb-competition-will-take-care-of/133616/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050455/http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/sports/college/story/2014/mar/07/jones-says-vols-qb-competition-will-take-care-of/133616/ |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 7, 2014 |title=Healthy QB competition excites Tennessee's Jones |work=[[USA Today]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/2014/03/07/healthy-qb-competition-excites-tennessees-jones/6188657/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308023945/http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/2014/03/07/healthy-qb-competition-excites-tennessees-jones/6188657/ |archive-date=March 8, 2014}}</ref> An sanar da Worley mai farawa, amma Dobbs ya ɗauki matsayin mai farawa a cikin watan Nuwamba bayan Worley ya ji rauni a cikin asarar 34-3 zuwa # 3 Ole Miss Rebels a filin wasa na Vaught-Hemingway .<ref>{{Cite news |last=Slovin |first=Matt |date=November 1, 2014 |title=Vols name Josh Dobbs starting QB |work=[[The Tennessean]] |location=Columbia, South Carolina |url=http://www.tennessean.com/story/vols/2014/11/01/vols-josh-dobbs-starting-against-gamecocks/18336901/ |url-status=live |access-date=November 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015338/https://www.tennessean.com/story/vols/2014/11/01/vols-josh-dobbs-starting-against-gamecocks/18336901/ |archive-date=October 4, 2022}}</ref> Ko da yake Dobbs ba a tura shi cikin aiki nan da nan bayan raunin da ya faru, a cikin mako mai zuwa a kan #4 Alabama Crimson Tide, an kira Peterman a matsayin mai farawa, amma Dobbs ya sauke shi da sauri. Dobbs ya yi kyau sosai a cikin shan kashi 34 – 20 ta hanyar yin rikodin yadi 192 da ke wucewa da sauri guda biyu a kan Crimson Tide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Slovin |first=Matt |date=October 25, 2014 |title=Vols show life, but lose eighth straight to Alabama |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vols/2014/10/25/tennessee-vols-alabama-crimson-tide-lane-kiffin-sec/17943129/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015338/https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vols/2014/10/25/tennessee-vols-alabama-crimson-tide-lane-kiffin-sec/17943129/ |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=August 17, 2018 |website=The Tennessean}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alabama at Tennessee Box Score, October 25, 2014 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2014-10-25-tennessee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817225627/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2014-10-25-tennessee.html |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=July 6, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> A kan South Carolina, Dobbs ya yi nasara a kan Gamecocks a filin wasa na Williams – Brice . A cikin nasarar dawowar 45–42 a cikin karin lokaci, Dobbs yana da yadudduka masu wucewa 301, abubuwan wucewa guda biyu, yadudduka 166 masu saurin gudu, da saurin saurin gudu uku.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strange |first=Mike |date=November 2, 2014 |title=Vols stage furious fourth quarter comeback to stun South Carolina in overtime |url=http://archive.knoxnews.com/sports/vols/football/vols-stage-furious-fourth-quarter-comeback-to-stun-south-carolina-in-overtime-ep-734888102-354012461.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817225749/http://archive.knoxnews.com/sports/vols/football/vols-stage-furious-fourth-quarter-comeback-to-stun-south-carolina-in-overtime-ep-734888102-354012461.html |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=August 17, 2018 |website=Knoxville News-Sentinel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennessee at South Carolina Box Score, November 1, 2014 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2014-11-01-south-carolina.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817230017/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2014-11-01-south-carolina.html |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=July 6, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> A kan Kentucky Wildcats a filin wasa na Neyland, Dobbs yana da 297 wucewa yadudduka, uku masu wucewa ta hanyar wucewa, 48 yadudduka masu sauri, da kuma hanzari guda ɗaya a cikin nasarar 50-16.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kentucky at Tennessee Box Score, November 15, 2014 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2014-11-15-tennessee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817225948/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2014-11-15-tennessee.html |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=July 6, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> Dobbs da tawagar sun taimaka wa Tennessee su kai ga wasan kwano na farko tun lokacin shekarar 2010. An naɗa Dobbs MVP na TaxSlayer Bowl na shekarar 2015 a nasarar 45–28 ta Tennessee akan Iowa . A cikin wasan, Dobbs ya wuce yadi 129 da saukowa guda ɗaya kuma ya yi gaggawar yadi 76 da bugun ƙafa biyu.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vols' Josh Dobbs: From third team to bowl MVP |work=The Tennessean |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vols/2015/01/02/tennessee-vols-iowa-hawkeyes-taxslayer-bowl-josh-dobbs/21221461/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015338/https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vols/2015/01/02/tennessee-vols-iowa-hawkeyes-taxslayer-bowl-josh-dobbs/21221461/ |archive-date=October 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Slovin |first=Matt |date=January 2, 2015 |title=Tennessee overwhelms Iowa in TaxSlayer Bowl |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/bowls/2015/01/02/tennessee-overwhelms-iowa-in-taxslayer-bowl-45-28/21209875/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817234033/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/bowls/2015/01/02/tennessee-overwhelms-iowa-in-taxslayer-bowl-45-28/21209875/ |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=August 17, 2018 |website=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TaxSlayer Bowl – Iowa vs Tennessee Box Score, January 2, 2015 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2015-01-02-tennessee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817230100/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2015-01-02-tennessee.html |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=July 6, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> Dobbs ya jefa don yadudduka 1,206 tare da taɓawa tara da tsangwama shida yayin kakar sa ta biyu. Ya gama kakar 2014 tare da yadudduka 469 da sauri da sauri guda takwas a cikin wasanni shida kawai. Dobbs ya sami lambar yabo guda biyu mai banƙyama na Makon daga Babban Taron Kudu maso Gabas, dukansu biyu sun fito ne daga haɗuwar wucewar sa da sauri don fiye da yadudduka 400 a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2015 |title=Hobbs Named SEC Offensive Player of Week |url=http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/101215aac.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013171253/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/101215aac.html |archive-date=October 13, 2015 |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=utsports.com |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |location=Birmingham, Alabama}}</ref> === kakar 2015 === [[Fayil:2022 Cleveland Browns Training Camp (52339629787).jpg|thumb|Joshua Dobbs]] Dobbs ya shiga a lokacin shekarar 2015 a zaman farkon kwata-kwata na Tennessee. Ya fara kuma ya bayyana a duk wasanni na 12 na yau da kullum da wasan kwano. Don buɗe lokacin Tennessee a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba, Dobbs ya rubuta yadi 205 masu wucewa, abubuwan wucewa guda biyu, yadudduka 89 masu saurin gudu, da guda ɗaya mai saurin zazzagewa a kan Bowling Green Falcons a nasarar 59 – 30 a filin wasa na Nissan a Nashville, Tennessee .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bowling Green vs Tennessee Box Score, September 5, 2015 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2015-09-05-tennessee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101000000/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2015-09-05-tennessee.html |archive-date=November 1, 2017 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin asarar 2OT 31 – 24 zuwa #19 Oklahoma Sooners a cikin mabuɗin gida na Tennessee ɗin shekarar 2015, Dobbs yana da yadi 125 masu wucewa, taɓawa ɗaya wucewa, yadudduka 12 masu gaugawa, da saurin taɓawa guda ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma at Tennessee Box Score, September 12, 2015 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2015-09-12-tennessee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817225802/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2015-09-12-tennessee.html |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> A cikin asarar 28-27 zuwa SEC East kishiya Florida a filin wasa na Ben Hill Griffin, Dobbs yana da yadudduka masu tsalle-tsalle na 136 na kakar wasa kuma yana da 58-yard yana karɓar ƙwanƙwasa wanda abokin aikin Jauan Jennings ya jefa a kan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 26, 2015 |title=Josh Dobbs makes history in Vols' loss to Gators |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/ut/2015/09/26/josh-dobbs-tennessee-vols-florida-gators-history/72915828/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015338/https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/ut/2015/09/26/josh-dobbs-tennessee-vols-florida-gators-history/72915828/ |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=August 17, 2018 |website=The Tennessean |agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennessee at Florida Box Score, September 26, 2015 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2015-09-26-florida.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817225712/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2015-09-26-florida.html |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> liyafar tabarbarewar Dobbs da Florida ita ce liyafar farko ta wani dan wasan baya na Tennessee tun lokacin da Peyton Manning ya kama tsallaken yadi 10 daga baya Jamal Lewis a 1997 da Arkansas .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rice |first=Brian |date=September 28, 2015 |title=Tennessee's loss at Florida inside the numbers |url=http://www.sportsradiownml.com/2015/09/28/tennessees-loss-at-florida-inside-the-numbers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817231442/http://www.sportsradiownml.com/2015/09/28/tennessees-loss-at-florida-inside-the-numbers/ |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2017 |website=Sports Radio WNML}}</ref> A kan abokin hamayyar #19 Georgia Bulldogs, Dobbs yana da yanayi mai girma na yadudduka 312 da ke wucewa da kuma sau uku don tafiya tare da 118 yadudduka masu sauri da biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 10, 2015 |title=Vols Storm Back To Beat #19/16 UGA, 38–31 |url=https://utsports.com/news/2015/10/10/Vols_Storm_Back_To_Beat_19_16_UGA_38_31.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817225948/https://utsports.com/news/2015/10/10/Vols_Storm_Back_To_Beat_19_16_UGA_38_31.aspx |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=August 17, 2018 |website=Tennessee Volunteers Athletics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgia at Tennessee Box Score, October 10, 2015 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2015-10-10-tennessee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817230008/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2015-10-10-tennessee.html |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref>Ƙoƙarin da ya yi a wasan ya jagoranci Tennessee zuwa nasarar farko a kan Bulldogs tun a shekarar 2009. A kan #8 Alabama Crimson Tide a wasan hamayyarsu na shekara-shekara, Dobbs yana da yadudduka 171 da ke wucewa da wucewa ɗaya a cikin kunkuntar asarar 19 – 14 a filin wasa na Bryant – Denny.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Talty |first=John |date=October 24, 2015 |title=Rewinding Alabama's 19–14 win against Tennessee |url=https://www.al.com/alabamafootball/2015/10/live_updates_analysis_alabama_4.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015339/https://www.al.com/alabamafootball/2015/10/live_updates_analysis_alabama_4.html |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=AL.com |language=en}}</ref> A kan abokiyar hamayyarta South Carolina, Dobbs ya wuce yadi 255 da taɓo biyu a nasarar gida 27–24.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Carolina at Tennessee Box Score, November 7, 2015 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2015-11-07-tennessee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702142217/http://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2015-11-07-tennessee.html |archive-date=July 2, 2017 |access-date=July 5, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> Dobbs ya jagoranci Tennessee zuwa rikodin 9 – 4, wanda shine mafi yawan nasara ga shirin Tennessee tun a shekarar 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennessee Volunteers School History |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/tennessee/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318121052/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/tennessee/ |archive-date=March 18, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> An kammala kakar shekarar 2015 tare da nasara 45–6 akan #12 Northwest Wildcats a cikin 2016 Outback Bowl . A cikin wasan kwano, Dobbs yana da saurin taɓawa guda biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Outback Bowl – Northwestern vs Tennessee Box Score, January 1, 2016 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2016-01-01-tennessee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101000000/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2016-01-01-tennessee.html |archive-date=November 1, 2017 |access-date=July 5, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> === kakar 2016 === Dobbs ya shiga lokacin shekarar 2016 a matsayin farkon kwata-kwata na Tennessee a kakarsa ta ƙarshe ta cancantar koli. Ya fara kuma ya bayyana a duk wasanni na 12 na yau da kullum da wasan kwano. Dobbs ya fara kakar wasa tare da m aiki a cikin gida game da Appalachian State . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Strange |first=Mike |date=September 2, 2016 |title=Lost and found: Vols rally to beat Appalachian State in OT, 20–13 |url=http://www.knoxnews.com/sports/vols/football/vols-rally-to-beat-appalachian-state-in-ot-20-13-3b7ea931-b59a-7e8c-e053-0100007f733f-392104051.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007021309/http://www.knoxnews.com/sports/vols/football/vols-rally-to-beat-appalachian-state-in-ot-20-13-3b7ea931-b59a-7e8c-e053-0100007f733f-392104051.html |archive-date=October 7, 2016 |access-date=January 22, 2019 |website=Knoxville News Sentinel |language=en}}</ref> A cikin nasara na 20-13 na lokaci-lokaci, Dobbs yana da yadi 192 yana wucewa amma ya yi tsalle a kan layin burin; Abokin wasan ya dawo da kwallon da gudu Jalen Hurd ya baiwa Tennessee nasara. A cikin shekarar 2016 Pilot Flying J Battle a Bristol, Dobbs uku wucewa ta taɓawa don tafiya tare da sautunan gaggawa guda biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ceide |first=Mike |date=September 11, 2016 |title=Record crowd watches Vols beat Virginia Tech in Battle at Bristol |url=https://wreg.com/2016/09/10/record-crowd-watches-vols-beat-virginia-tech-in-battle-at-bristol/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010300/https://wreg.com/2016/09/10/record-crowd-watches-vols-beat-virginia-tech-in-battle-at-bristol/ |archive-date=January 23, 2019 |access-date=January 22, 2019 |website=WREG.com |language=en}}</ref>A cikin nasarar dawowar 38-28 a kan #19 Florida Gators, Dobbs yana da yadudduka 319 da suka wuce, huɗu masu wucewa, 80 yadudduka masu sauri, da kuma saurin gudu don jagorantar 'yan agaji zuwa nasarar farko a kan Gators tun 2004 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Crist |first=John |date=September 24, 2016 |title=Joshua Dobbs engineers furious comeback, Tennessee finally tops Florida |url=https://www.saturdaydownsouth.com/sec-football/joshua-dobbs-engineers-furious-comeback-tennessee-finally-tops-florida/ |access-date=January 22, 2019 |website=Saturday Down South |language=en-US}}</ref> A kan #25 Georgia, Dobbs yana da yadudduka 230 da ke wucewa, saukowa uku masu wucewa, da sauri don cin nasara 34-31.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waddell |first=Tyler |date=October 4, 2016 |title=Tennessee QB Joshua Dobbs discusses game-winning Hail Mary on SVP show |url=https://www.saturdaydownsouth.com/tennessee-football/josh-dobbs-discusses-hail-mary-win/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010835/https://www.saturdaydownsouth.com/tennessee-football/josh-dobbs-discusses-hail-mary-win/ |archive-date=January 23, 2019 |access-date=January 22, 2019 |website=Saturday Down South |language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙarshe na Dobbs shine jefar da Hail Mary ga mai karɓar Jauan Jennings yayin da lokaci ya ƙare. Wasan da ya ci nasara mutane da yawa suna kiransa da "Dobbs-Nail Boot".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Matt |date=July 21, 2017 |title=Tennessee Volunteers: The Dobbs-Nail Boot |url=https://southboundanddown.com/2017/07/21/tennessee-volunteers-dobbs-nail-boot/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022052527/https://southboundanddown.com/2017/07/21/tennessee-volunteers-dobbs-nail-boot/ |archive-date=October 22, 2019 |access-date=October 22, 2019 |website=South Bound & Down |language=en-US}}</ref> Tare da nasarar, Tennessee ta kasance 5 – 0 tare da Dobbs a matsayin kwata-kwata kuma suna matsayi na sama a saman 10 a wasu zaɓen. A cikin asarar 2OT 45-38 zuwa #8 Texas A &amp;amp; M Aggies a Kyle Field, Dobbs yana da yanayi mai girma na 398 wucewa da yadudduka guda ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, ya kama karban tabawa daga Jauan Jennings, aikinsa na biyu yana karbar tabawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gleeson |first=Scott |date=October 8, 2016 |title=No. 7 Texas A&M survives No. 9 Tennessee in 2OT SEC thriller |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/sec/2016/10/08/no-7-texas-a-m-aggies-beat-no-9-tennessee-volunteers-2-overtime-sec-thriller/91805896/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123071459/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/sec/2016/10/08/no-7-texas-a-m-aggies-beat-no-9-tennessee-volunteers-2-overtime-sec-thriller/91805896/ |archive-date=January 23, 2019 |access-date=January 22, 2019 |website=USA TODAY |language=en}}</ref> Dobbs ya ci gaba da taka rawar gani a sauran kakar wasa: yana da yadudduka biyar, 223 yadudduka wucewa da yadudduka 190 a cikin nasara 63–37 akan Missouri da 340 wucewar yadudduka a cikin asarar 45 – 34 akan Vanderbilt a [[Filin wasa na FirstBank|filin wasa na Vanderbilt]] .<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2016 |title=Dobbs has huge home finale as Vols beat Missouri 63–37 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/2016/11/19/dobbs-has-huge-home-finale-as-vols-beat-missouri-63-37/94146864/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123014854/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/2016/11/19/dobbs-has-huge-home-finale-as-vols-beat-missouri-63-37/94146864/ |archive-date=January 23, 2019 |access-date=January 22, 2019 |website=USA TODAY |language=en |agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennessee at Vanderbilt Box Score, November 26, 2016 |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2016-11-26-vanderbilt.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101000000/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/boxscores/2016-11-26-vanderbilt.html |archive-date=November 1, 2017 |access-date=October 3, 2022 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref>Duk da wasansa, Tennessee ya dushe daga farkon su 5-0 zuwa gama 8–4.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joshua Dobbs 2016 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/joshua-dobbs-1/gamelog/2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025124000/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/joshua-dobbs-1/gamelog/2016 |archive-date=October 25, 2017 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A wasan ƙarshe na aikinsa na Tennessee, Dobbs ya jagoranci masu sa kai bayan #24 Nebraska Cornhuskers da maki 38–28 a cikin shekarar 2016 Music City Bowl a Nissan Stadium a Nashville. Yana da yadi 291 da ke wucewa, ɗaya taɓo ƙasa, 11 gaggãwa don yadudduka 118, da ƙwanƙwasa guda uku. An naɗa Dobbs MVP na wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 29, 2017 |title=2016 – Tennessee vs. Nebraska |url=http://www.musiccitybowl.com/bowl-game/2016-tennessee-vs-nebraska/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010636/http://www.musiccitybowl.com/bowl-game/2016-tennessee-vs-nebraska/ |archive-date=January 23, 2019 |access-date=January 22, 2019 |website=Music City Bowl |language=en-US}}</ref> Dobbs ya jagoranci Tennessee zuwa rikodin 9–4 na biyu a jere. Nasarar 18 da Tennessee ta samu tare da Dobbs a helm sune mafi yawa ga makarantar sama da shekaru biyu tun daga shekarar 2006–2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennessee Volunteers School History |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/tennessee/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318121052/https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/tennessee/ |archive-date=March 18, 2018 |access-date=July 1, 2017 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> An shigar da Dobbs zuwa Omicron Delta Kappa a Tennessee a cikin shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Jason |date=November 8, 2016 |title=Video: Tennessee QB Joshua Dobbs receives surprise induction into Omicron Delta Kappa Leadership Honor Society |url=https://www.saturdaydownsouth.com/tennessee-football/video-tennessee-qb-joshua-dobbs-receives-surprise-induction-omicron-delta-kappa-leadership-honor-society/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417054858/https://www.saturdaydownsouth.com/tennessee-football/video-tennessee-qb-joshua-dobbs-receives-surprise-induction-omicron-delta-kappa-leadership-honor-society/ |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=Saturday Down South |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ƙididdigar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kaka ! colspan="2" | Wasanni ! colspan="7" | Wucewa ! colspan="7" | Gaggawa |- ! {{Abbr|GP|Games played}} ! {{Abbr|Record|Record as starter}} ! {{Abbr|Cmp|Passes completed}} ! {{Abbr|Att|Passes attempted}} ! {{Abbr|Pct|Completion percentage}} ! {{Abbr|Yds|Passing yards}} ! {{Abbr|Y/A|Yards per passing attempt}} ! {{Abbr|TD|Passing touchdowns}} ! {{Abbr|Int|Interceptions}} ! {{Abbr|Att|Rushing attempts}} ! {{Abbr|Yds|Rushing yards}} ! {{Abbr|Avg|Yards per rushing attempt}} ! {{Abbr|TD|Rushing touchdowns}} |- ! 2013 | 5 | 1-4 | 72 | 121 | 59.5 | 695 | 5.7 | 2 | 6 | 38 | 189 | 5.0 | 1 |- ! 2014 | 6 | 3–3 | 112 | 177 | 63.3 | 1,206 | 6.8 | 9 | 6 | 104 | 469 | 4.5 | 8 |- ! 2015 | 13 | 9–4 | 205 | 344 | 59.6 | 2,291 | 6.7 | 15 | 5 | 146 | 671 | 4.6 | 12 |- ! 2016 | 13 | 9–4 | 225 | 357 | 63.0 | 2,946 | 8.3 | 27 | 12 | 150 | 831 | 5.5 | 13 |- ! [https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/joshua-dobbs-1.html Sana'a] ! 37 ! 22-15 ! 614 ! 999 ! 61.5 ! 7,138 ! 7.1 ! 53 ! 29 ! 438 ! 2,160 ! 4.9 ! 34 |} == Ɓangaren Aiki == Dobbs ya sami gayyata zuwa Babban Bowl kuma an sanya masa suna farkon kwata-kwata na Kudu. Ya kammala wasan yana kammala yunkurin wucewa na 12-na-15 na yadi 102 na wucewa da tsaka-tsaki, yayin da Kudu ta doke Arewa da ci 16–15.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Potkey |first=Rihannon |date=January 28, 2017 |title=Tennessee's Joshua Dobbs, Cam Sutton help South win Senior Bowl |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/university-of-tennessee/football/2017/01/28/tennessees-dobbs-sutton-help-south-win-senior-bowl/97191376/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817205946/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/university-of-tennessee/football/2017/01/28/tennessees-dobbs-sutton-help-south-win-senior-bowl/97191376/ |archive-date=August 17, 2017 |access-date=May 27, 2017 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Yawancin kwararrun daftarin NFL da manazarta sun yi hasashen zai zama zagaye na hudu zuwa na biyar. Manazarcin NFL Mike Mayock ya yi hasashen za a zabe shi a zagaye na biyu kuma NFL.com ya yi hasashen za a tsara shi a zagaye na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Griffith |first=Mike |date=April 5, 2017 |title=Mel Kiper Jr.:Tennessee's Josh Dobbs possible 2nd round NFL draft pick |url=https://www.seccountry.com/tennessee/espn-analyst-mel-kiper-jr-josh-dobbs-nfl-draft/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505211538/https://www.seccountry.com/tennessee/espn-analyst-mel-kiper-jr-josh-dobbs-nfl-draft |archive-date=May 5, 2017 |access-date=May 13, 2017 |website=seccountry.com}}</ref> Bayan halartar NFL Scouting Combine, an sanya shi matsayi na bakwai mafi kyawun kwata-kwata a cikin daftarin ta ESPN, na tara mafi kyawun kwata-kwata ta ''Sports Illustrated'', kuma NFLDraftScout.com ya ba shi matsayi na takwas mafi kyawun kwata a cikin daftarin.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Burke |first=Chris |date=April 24, 2017 |title=2017 NFL draft rankings: Top prospects by position |url=https://www.si.com/2017-nfl-draft-position-rankings |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408130206/https://www.si.com/2017-nfl-draft-position-rankings |archive-date=April 8, 2017 |access-date=May 13, 2017 |magazine=Sports Illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Joshua Dobbs, DS No. 8 QB, Tennessee |url=http://www.nfldraftscout.com/ratings/dsprofile.php?pyid=126989&draftyear=2017&genpos=QB |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709140517/http://www.nfldraftscout.com/ratings/dsprofile.php?pyid=126989&draftyear=2017&genpos=QB |archive-date=July 9, 2017 |access-date=May 13, 2017 |website=nfldraftscout.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Legwold |first=Jeff |date=April 22, 2017 |title=Ranking 2017's draft top 100 players |url=http://www.espn.com/nfl/draft2017/story/_/id/19180310/ranking-top-100-prospects-available-2017-nfl-draft-espn-nfl-nation-reporter-jeff-legwold |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428003954/http://www.espn.com/nfl/draft2017/story/_/id/19180310/ranking-top-100-prospects-available-2017-nfl-draft-espn-nfl-nation-reporter-jeff-legwold |archive-date=April 28, 2017 |access-date=May 13, 2017 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Ya halarci Ranar Pro na Tennessee kuma ya rubuta nasa tsarin wasan kwaikwayo; Sauran abokan wasan 19 kuma sun halarci Ranar Pro na Tennessee. Ya gudanar da motsa jiki don ƙungiyoyi shida: Shugabannin Kansas City, Tennessee Titans, Carolina Panthers, San Diego Chargers, Pittsburgh Steelers, da New Orleans Saints .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Jeremy |date=April 6, 2017 |title=Tennessee QB Josh Dobbs visiting #Titans and #Chiefs, will hold private workouts with #Saints #Chargers #Panthers, among others |url=https://mobile.twitter.com/jfowlerespn/status/850056593911820289 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015338/https://mobile.twitter.com/jfowlerespn/status/850056593911820289 |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=May 13, 2017 |website=Twitter.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alper |first=Josh |date=March 23, 2017 |title=Patrick Mahomes, Joshua Dobbs had private workouts with Chargers |url=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2017/03/23/patrick-mahomes-josh-dobbs-had-private-workouts-for-chargers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513142510/http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2017/03/23/patrick-mahomes-josh-dobbs-had-private-workouts-for-chargers/ |archive-date=May 13, 2017 |access-date=May 13, 2017 |website=profootballtalk.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Teope |first=Herbie |date=March 23, 2017 |title=Saints held private workout with Tennessee quarterback Joshua Dobbs: Source |url=http://www.nola.com/saints/index.ssf/2017/03/saints_have_private_workout_wi.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617144951/http://www.nola.com/saints/index.ssf/2017/03/saints_have_private_workout_wi.html |archive-date=June 17, 2017 |access-date=May 13, 2017 |website=NOLA.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Walter Football: Prospect Workouts/Visits |url=http://walterfootball.com/ProspectMeetings/ByProspect |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810004953/http://www.walterfootball.com/prospectMeetings/byprospect |archive-date=August 10, 2018 |access-date=May 31, 2017 |website=walterfootball.com}}</ref> Pittsburgh Steelers sun zaɓi Dobbs a zagaye na huɗu (135th gabaɗaya) na 2017 NFL Draft .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patra |first=Kevin |date=April 29, 2017 |title=Pittsburgh Steelers draft Tennessee QB Joshua Dobbs |url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000804714/article/pittsburgh-steelers-draft-tennessee-qb-joshua-dobbs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229161947/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000804714/article/pittsburgh-steelers-draft-tennessee-qb-joshua-dobbs |archive-date=February 29, 2020 |access-date=January 31, 2020 |website=NFL.com}}</ref> Shi ne wanda aka zaba na kwata-kwata na bakwai, kuma Steelers kuma sun tsara tsohon abokin wasansa na Tennessee da Babban Bowl, kusurwa Cameron Sutton .<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Patrick |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Roommate reunion: Dobbs, Sutton teaming up with Steelers |work=GoVols247 |url=https://247sports.com/college/tennessee/Article/Tennessee-Vols-QB-Josh-Dobbs-excited-to-reunite-with-former-roommate-Cameron-Sutton-with-Steelers-52582789/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015341/https://247sports.com/college/tennessee/Article/Tennessee-Vols-QB-Josh-Dobbs-excited-to-reunite-with-former-roommate-Cameron-Sutton-with-Steelers-52582789/ |archive-date=October 4, 2022}}</ref> Ya maye gurbin Zach Mettenberger bayan daftarin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sessler |first=Marc |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Steelers cut Zach Mettenberger after drafting Dobbs |url=https://www.nfl.com/news/steelers-cut-zach-mettenberger-after-drafting-dobbs-0ap3000000805479 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825185652/https://www.nfl.com/news/steelers-cut-zach-mettenberger-after-drafting-dobbs-0ap3000000805479 |archive-date=August 25, 2022 |access-date=August 25, 2022 |website=NFL.com |language=en-US}}</ref> === Pittsburgh Steelers === A ranar 22 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2017, Pittsburgh Steelers sun sanya hannu kan Dobbs zuwa shekaru huɗu, $ 2.95.&nbsp;kwangilar miliyan tare da lamunin sa hannu na $554,295.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sportrac.com: Joshua Dobbs contract |url=http://www.spotrac.com/nfl/pittsburgh-steelers/joshua-dobbs-21877/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610171738/http://www.spotrac.com/nfl/pittsburgh-steelers/joshua-dobbs-21877/ |archive-date=June 10, 2017 |access-date=May 27, 2017 |website=Sportrac.com}}</ref> An naɗa Dobbs mafarin farkon farkon kakar wasan Steelers a kan New York Giants .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Labriola |first=Bob |date=August 9, 2017 |title=It's official: Dobbs to start friday vs. Giants |url=http://www.steelers.com/news/article-1/Its-official-Dobbs-to-start-Friday-vs-Giants/9d8cccfb-5d57-477b-8311-46004cc6c85b |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810000745/http://www.steelers.com/news/article-1/Its-official-Dobbs-to-start-Friday-vs-Giants/9d8cccfb-5d57-477b-8311-46004cc6c85b |archive-date=August 10, 2017 |access-date=August 9, 2017 |website=Steelers.com}}</ref> Bayan farawa biyu da bayyanar huɗu a lokacin pre-season, Dobbs ya ciyar da dukan kakarsa a baya Ben Roethlisberger da kuma dogon lokaci madadin Landry Jones .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norkewicz |first=Jimmy |date=September 5, 2017 |title=2017 Preseason Stats That Stood Out |url=https://www.steelcityunderground.com/2017/09/05/2017-preseason-stats-stood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015340/https://www.steelcityunderground.com/2017/09/05/2017-preseason-stats-stood/ |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=Steel City Underground}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rutherford |first=Nathanael |date=September 4, 2017 |title=Despite Solid Preseason, Josh Dobbs is Still No. 3 QB in Pittsburgh |url=https://www.rockytopinsider.com/2017/09/04/despite-solid-preseason-josh-dobbs-still-no-3-qb-pittsburgh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304120310/https://www.rockytopinsider.com/2017/09/04/despite-solid-preseason-josh-dobbs-still-no-3-qb-pittsburgh/ |archive-date=March 4, 2021 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=Rocky Top Insider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Axelrod |first=Ben |date=August 26, 2022 |title=Who is Joshua Dobbs? Meet the Cleveland Browns quarterback impressing during the preseason |url=https://www.wkyc.com/article/sports/nfl/browns/who-is-joshua-dobbs-meet-cleveland-browns-quarterback-impressing-during-preseason/95-c7d59bd7-e0fb-445d-931a-000ed1019e6d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015840/https://www.wkyc.com/article/sports/nfl/browns/who-is-joshua-dobbs-meet-cleveland-browns-quarterback-impressing-during-preseason/95-c7d59bd7-e0fb-445d-931a-000ed1019e6d |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=wkyc.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Dobbs ya fara buga wasan sa na NFL na yau da kullum a ranar 7 ga watan Oktobar 2018, a cikin 41 – 17 Steelers nasara akan Atlanta Falcons, kamar yadda a wasan karshe na wasan, ya durkusa don asarar yadi 3.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlanta Falcons at Pittsburgh Steelers – October 7th, 2018 |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201810070pit.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030211401/https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201810070pit.htm |archive-date=October 30, 2018 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Nuwambar 2018, a cikin 23-16 Steelers Week 9 nasara a kan Baltimore Ravens, Dobbs ya kammala 22-yard wucewa zuwa JuJu Smith-Schuster, bayan ya shiga Ben Roethlisberger, wanda ya ji rauni a wasan da ya gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pittsburgh Steelers at Baltimore Ravens – November 4th, 2018 |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201811040rav.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123103236/https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201811040rav.htm |archive-date=November 23, 2021 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Quinn |first=Sam |date=November 4, 2018 |title=Josh Dobbs completes first NFL pass |url=https://247sports.com/nfl/pittsburgh-steelers/Article/Josh-Dobbs-first-NFL-pass-124261297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112021518/https://247sports.com/nfl/pittsburgh-steelers/Article/Josh-Dobbs-first-NFL-pass-124261297/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=January 31, 2020 |website=247 Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin mako 14, a kan Oakland Raiders, Dobbs ya sake shiga cikin Roethlisberger, wanda ya sha wahala daga haƙarƙari. Ya gama 4-of-9 don yadi 24 da tsangwama ɗaya a cikin asarar 24 – 21.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teope |first=Herbie |date=December 9, 2018 |title=Raiders rally after Big Ben returns from rib injury |url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000997939/article/raiders-rally-after-big-ben-returns-from-rib-injury |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010607/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000997939/article/raiders-rally-after-big-ben-returns-from-rib-injury |archive-date=January 23, 2019 |access-date=January 22, 2019 |website=NFL.com |language=en}}</ref> Gabaɗaya, a cikin lokacin shekarar 2018, ya bayyana a cikin wasanni biyar kuma ya tafi 6-of-12 don yadi 43 da tsangwama ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joshua Dobbs 2018 Game Log |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/D/DobbJo00/gamelog/2018/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103130342/https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/D/DobbJo00/gamelog/2018/ |archive-date=November 3, 2020 |access-date=January 22, 2019 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> === Jacksonville Jaguars === A ranar 9 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2019, an siyar da Dobbs zuwa Jacksonville Jaguars don zaɓar zagaye na biyar a cikin 2020 NFL Draft .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alper |first=Josh |date=September 9, 2019 |title=Jaguars trade for Josh Dobbs |url=https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2019/09/09/jaguars-trade-for-josh-dobbs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920230219/https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2019/09/09/jaguars-trade-for-josh-dobbs/ |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |access-date=October 3, 2022 |website=Pro Football Talk |publisher=NBC Sports}}</ref> An siyar da Dobbs bayan Mason Rudolph ya ci aikin madadin kuma dan wasan Jaguars Nick Foles ya samu rauni a lokacin bude gasar kuma daga baya aka sanya shi a wurin da ya ji rauni. Yayin da yake Jacksonville, Dobbs ya halarci horon horo a Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta NASA ta Kennedy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berger |first=Cale |date=March 3, 2021 |title=Steelers QB Josh Dobbs Working with NASA for 2nd Straight Year |url=https://steelersnow.com/steelers-qb-josh-dobbs-interning-with-nasa-for-2nd-straight-year/ |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=Steelers Now |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2020, Jaguars sun yi watsi da Dobbs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 5, 2020 |title=Joshua Dobbs: Shockingly waived |url=https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/football/news/joshua-dobbs-shockingly-waived/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015840/https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/football/news/joshua-dobbs-shockingly-waived/ |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=September 5, 2020 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Josh_Dobbs_Science_Bowl.jpg|thumb| Dobbs a cikin 2020]] === Pittsburgh Steelers (lokaci na biyu) === A ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2020, Pittsburgh Steelers, tsohuwar tawagarsa ta yi ikirarin soke Dobbs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dajani |first=Jordan |date=September 6, 2020 |title=Steelers bring back two familiar faces in Joshua Dobbs and Sean Davis, reportedly cut 'Duck' Hodges |url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/steelers-bring-back-two-familiar-faces-in-joshua-dobbs-and-sean-davis-reportedly-cut-duck-hodges/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004015841/https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/steelers-bring-back-two-familiar-faces-in-joshua-dobbs-and-sean-davis-reportedly-cut-duck-hodges/ |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=September 6, 2020 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}</ref>Ya sake sanya hannu tare da Steelers akan kwangilar shekara guda akan Afrilu 19, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Varley |first=Teresa |date=April 19, 2021 |title=Steelers sign Dobbs to a one-year contract |url=https://www.steelers.com/news/steelers-sign-dobbs-to-a-one-year-contract |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419180541/https://www.steelers.com/news/steelers-sign-dobbs-to-a-one-year-contract |archive-date=April 19, 2021 |access-date=April 19, 2021 |website=Steelers.com}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2021, an sanya Dobbs a ajiyar da ya ji rauni..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Florio |first=Mike |date=August 31, 2021 |title=Steelers' move to 53 includes putting QB Josh Dobbs on IR, cutting Trey Edmunds and Jaylen Samuels |url=https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2021/08/31/steelers-move-to-53-includes-putting-qb-josh-dobbs-on-ir-cutting-trey-edmunds-and-jaylen-samuels/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901004219/https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2021/08/31/steelers-move-to-53-includes-putting-qb-josh-dobbs-on-ir-cutting-trey-edmunds-and-jaylen-samuels/ |archive-date=September 1, 2021 |access-date=September 1, 2021 |website=ProFootballTalk}}</ref> === Cleveland Browns === A ranar 9 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 2022, Dobbs ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda, dala miliyan 1 tare da Cleveland Browns .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poisal |first=Anthony |date=April 14, 2022 |title=Browns sign QB Joshua Dobbs |url=https://www.clevelandbrowns.com/news/browns-sign-qb-joshua-dobbs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418185725/https://www.clevelandbrowns.com/news/browns-sign-qb-joshua-dobbs |archive-date=April 18, 2022 |access-date=October 3, 2022 |website=ClevelandBrowns.com}}</ref> An yi watsi da shi a ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 2022, bayan Deshaun Watson ya dawo daga dakatarwar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kinnan |first=Cory |date=November 28, 2022 |title=Browns waive Josh Dobbs as Deshaun Watson officially returns |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/browns-waive-josh-dobbs-deshaun-192759883.html |access-date=November 28, 2022 |website=Yahoo! Sports |archive-date=November 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128194230/https://sports.yahoo.com/browns-waive-josh-dobbs-deshaun-192759883.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Detroit Lions === A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2022, an rattaba hannu kan Dobbs zuwa ƙungiyar horarwa ta Detroit Lions .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lay |first=Ken |date=December 13, 2022 |title=Joshua Dobbs signs with Detroit |url=https://volswire.usatoday.com/2022/12/13/joshua-dobbs-signs-with-detroit-lions/ |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Vols Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> === Tennessee Titans === A ranar 21 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2022, Tennessee Titans sun rattaba hannu akan Dobbs daga ƙungiyar Lions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wyatt |first=Jim |date=December 21, 2022 |title=Titans Sign QB Josh Dobbs to 53-Man Roster While Placing OL Dillon Radunz on Injured Reserve |url=https://www.tennesseetitans.com/news/titans-sign-qb-josh-dobbs-to-53-man-roster-while-placing-ol-dillon-radunz-on-inj |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=TennesseeTitans.com}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Disamba, tare da Ryan Tannehill ya fita don kakar wasa tare da rauni da kuma rookie Malik Willis wanda bai yi nasara ba, Dobbs ya kasance mai suna Starter don Titans Week 17 matchup da Dallas Cowboys .<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Werder |first1=Ed |last2=Davenport |first2=Turron |date=December 29, 2022 |title=Source: Titans to start QB Joshua Dobbs vs. Cowboys |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/35341950/source-titans-start-qb-joshua-dobbs-vs-cowboys?platform=amp |access-date=December 30, 2022 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Owens |first=Jason |date=January 2, 2023 |title=Joshua Dobbs will start over Malik Willis at QB for Titans vs. Jaguars with AFC South title at stake |url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/joshua-dobbs-will-start-over-malik-willis-at-qb-for-titans-vs-jaguars-with-afc-south-title-at-stake-181224491.html |access-date=January 2, 2023 |website=Yahoo! Sports |archive-date=January 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102192711/https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/joshua-dobbs-will-start-over-malik-willis-at-qb-for-titans-vs-jaguars-with-afc-south-title-at-stake-181224491.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hernandez |first=Keith |date=December 29, 2022 |title=Malik Willis Benched, Joshua Dobbs To Start Thursday |url=https://www.rotoballer.com/player-news/malik-willis-benched-joshua-dobbs-to-start-thursday/1120140 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Rotoballer.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin farkon NFL na farko, Dobbs ya kammala wucewar 20-na-39 don yadudduka 232, fasfon aikin sa na farko,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Charean |date=December 29, 2022 |title=Joshua Dobbs' first career touchdown pass has Titans within 17–13 |url=https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2022/12/29/joshua-dobbs-first-career-touchdown-pass-has-titans-within-17-13/amp/ |access-date=December 30, 2022 |website=ProFootballTalk |archive-date=December 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230131125/https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2022/12/29/joshua-dobbs-first-career-touchdown-pass-has-titans-within-17-13/amp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>da tsangwama a cikin asarar 27 – 13.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wyatt |first=Jim |date=December 29, 2022 |title=QB Josh Dobbs Sparked the Titans, But It Wasn't Enough in a 27–13 Loss to the Cowboys |url=https://www.tennesseetitans.com/news/qb-josh-dobbs-sparked-the-titans-but-it-wasn-t-enough-in-a-27-13-loss-to-the-cow |access-date=December 30, 2022 |website=TennesseeTitans.com}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Janairu, babban kocin Mike Vrabel ya sanar da cewa Dobbs zai fara wasan mako na 18 da Jacksonville Jaguars .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simmons |first=Myles |date=January 2, 2023 |title=Josh Dobbs to start for Titans in Week 18 |url=https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2023/01/02/josh-dobbs-to-start-for-titans-in-week-18/ |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=ProFootballTalk |language=en-US}}</ref> Bukatar nasara don cin nasara rabon, Dobbs ya kammala 20-of-29 wucewa don yadudduka 179 don tafiya tare da taɓawa da tsangwama. Duk da yake jagorantar mafi yawan wasan, Dobbs ya kori Dobbs daga baya ta hanyar kare lafiyar Jaguars Rayshawn Jenkins kuma ya zura kwallon, tare da Jaguars sun mayar da shi yadi 37 don ci gaba da tafiya a kasa da mintuna uku. Titans sun yi asarar 20 – 16, a ƙarshe ya ba su damar buga wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=Nick |date=January 8, 2023 |title=See Jacksonville Jaguars take lead on Joshua Dobbs strip sack, Josh Allen fumble return TD |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/nfl/titans/2023/01/08/josh-allen-touchdown-jacksonville-jaugars-tennessee-titans-game-afc-south/69787978007/ |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=The Tennessean}}</ref> === Cleveland Browns (lokaci na biyu) === A ranar 23 ga watan Maris, shekarar 2023, Dobbs ya rattaba hannu tare da Cleveland Browns .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poisal |first=Anthony |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Browns sign QB Josh Dobbs |url=https://www.clevelandbrowns.com/news/browns-sign-qb-josh-dobbs-032323 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=ClevelandBrowns.com}}</ref> === Cardinals Arizona === A ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2023, an siyar da Dobbs zuwa Cardinal na Arizona tare da zaɓe na zagaye na bakwai a cikin 2024 NFL Draft, a musayar zaɓe na zagaye na biyar a cikin 2024 NFL Draft .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Urban |first=Darren |date=August 24, 2023 |title=QB Addition: Cardinals Trade For Joshua Dobbs |url=https://www.azcardinals.com/news/qb-addition-cardinals-trade-for-joshua-dobbs |access-date=August 25, 2023 |website=AZCardinals.com}}</ref> Dobbs ya shiga lokacin 2023 NFL a matsayin farkon kwata-kwata na Cardinals, kamar yadda Kyler Murray ya fara kakar wasa akan ajiyar da ya ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wolfe |first=Damon |date=6 September 2023 |title=Josh Dobbs to Start in Week One for Arizona |url=https://www.si.com/nfl/browns/news/josh-dobbs-to-start-in-week-one-for-arizona |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=Sports Illustrated |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:GRC-2022-C-10773.jpeg|thumb|Joshua Dobbs]] A ranar 24 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2023, Dobbs ya jagoranci Cardinal zuwa nasarar farko ta kakar wasan cikin fushi akan Dallas Cowboys 28–16. A lokacin, an yi rashin nasara akan Cowboys da ci 2-0.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Machota |first=Jon |last2=Haller |first2=Doug |last3=Yousuf |first3=Saad |date=September 24, 2023 |title=Cardinals stun Cowboys as Dobbs gets first win |url=https://theathletic.com/4895541/2023/09/24/cardinals-cowboys-josh-dobbs-takeaways/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=The Athletic |language=en}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aikin NFL == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" | Tawaga ! colspan="3" | Wasanni ! colspan="8" | Wucewa ! colspan="4" | Gaggawa |- ! {{Abbr|GP|Games played}} ! {{Abbr|GS|Games started}} ! {{Abbr|Rec|Record}} ! {{Abbr|Cmp|Passes completed}} ! {{Abbr|Att|Passes attempted}} ! {{Abbr|Pct|Completion percentage}} ! {{Abbr|Yds|Passing yards}} ! {{Abbr|Y/A|Yards per passing attempt}} ! {{Abbr|TD|Passing touchdowns}} ! {{Abbr|Int|Interceptions}} ! {{Abbr|Rtg|Passer rating}} ! {{Abbr|Att|Rushing attempts}} ! {{Abbr|Yds|Rushing yards}} ! {{Abbr|Avg|Yards per rushing attempt}} ! {{Abbr|TD|Rushing touchdowns}} |- ! 2017 ! PIT | colspan="15" | {{Abbr|DNP|Did not play}} |- ! 2018 ! PIT | 5 | 0 | - | 6 | 12 | 50.0 | 43 | 3.6 | 0 | 1 | 24.0 | 4 | 11 | 2.8 | 0 |- ! 2019 ! JAX | colspan="15" | {{Abbr|DNP|Did not play}} |- ! 2020 ! PIT | 1 | 0 | - | 4 | 5 | 80.0 | 2 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 79.2 | 2 | 20 | 10.0 | 0 |- ! 2021 ! PIT | colspan="15" | {{Abbr|DNP|Did not play}} |- ! rowspan="2" | 2022 ! CLE | colspan="15" | {{Abbr|DNP|Did not play}} |- ! GOMA | 2 | 2 | 0-2 | 40 | 68 | 58.8 | 411 | 6.0 | 2 | 2 | 73.8 | 8 | 44 | 4.5 | 0 |- ! 2023 ! ARI | 4 | 4 | 1-3 | 87 | 123 | 70.7 | 814 | 6.6 | 4 | 0 | 99.4 | 24 | 141 | 5.9 | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | [https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/D/DobbJo00.htm Sana'a] ! 12 ! 6 ! 1-5 ! 137 ! 208 ! 65.9 ! 1,270 ! 6.1 ! 6 ! 3 ! 86.0 ! 38 ! 216 ! 5.7 ! 1 |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Twitter}} * [https://www.azcardinals.com/team/players-roster/joshua-dobbs/ Arizona Cardinals bio] * [http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/joshua_dobbs_849454.html Tennessee Volunteers bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602002623/http://www.utsports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/joshua_dobbs_849454.html |date=2017-06-02 }} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 83ggj1qp7oh4uvpx76utszi6xfzf4vh 0 61684 975510 886977 2026-11-03T09:10:26Z Zahrah0 14848 975510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Kadek Arel|image=|fullname=Kadek Arel Priyatna|caption=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=y|2005|4|4}}|birth_place=[[Denpasar, Bali|Denpasar]], [[Bali]], Indonesia<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pssi.org/news/hasrat-kadek-arel-priyatna-bersama-bali-united-u-18 |title=Hasrat Kadek Arel Priyatna Bersama Bali United U-18 |date=October 22, 2021 |website=[[PSSI]] |access-date=September 27, 2024 |archive-date=October 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025232724/https://www.pssi.org/news/hasrat-kadek-arel-priyatna-bersama-bali-united-u-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref>|height=1.84 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://forzafootball.com/id/player/1214312162|title=Profil Kadek Arel Priyatna|date=September 28, 2024 |website=forzafootball |access-date=September 27, 2024}}</ref>|currentclub=[[Bali United F.C.|Bali United]]|clubnumber=44|position=[[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre-back]]|youthyears1=2019–2023|youthclubs1=[[Bali United F.C. Youth Sector|Bali United]]|years1=2023–|clubs1=[[Bali United F.C.|Bali United]]|caps1=35|goals1=0|nationalyears1=2019–2020|nationalteam1=[[Indonesia national under-16 football team|Indonesia U16]]|nationalcaps1=5|nationalgoals1=0|nationalyears2=2022–2025|nationalteam2=[[Indonesia national under-20 football team|Indonesia U20]]|nationalcaps2=28|nationalgoals2=4|nationalyears3=2023–|nationalteam3=[[Indonesia national under-23 football team|Indonesia U23]]|nationalcaps3=8|nationalgoals3=0|nationalyears4=2024–|nationalteam4=[[Indonesia national football team|Indonesia]]|nationalcaps4=4|nationalgoals4=1|medaltemplates={{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fb|Indonesia}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[ASEAN U-16 Boys Championship]]}} {{medal|3rd|[[2019 AFF U-15 Youth Championship|2019 Thailand]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[ASEAN U-19 Boys Championship]]}} {{medalW|[[2024 ASEAN U-19 Boys Championship|2024 Indonesia]]|[[2024 ASEAN U-19 Boys Championship squads#Indonesia|Team]]}} {{Medal|Competition|[[AFF U-23 Championship]]}} {{medal|RU|[[2023 AFF U-23 Championship|2023 Thailand]]|[[2023 AFF U-23 Championship squads#Indonesia|Team]]}}|club-update=23 May 2025|ntupdate=19 February 2025}} == Ayyukan kulob din == === Bali United === A ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekarar ta 2023, Kadek ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Bali United.<ref name="arelsenior">{{Cite web |title=BREAKING NEWS! KADEK AREL RESMI PROMOSI KE TIM SENIOR BALI UNITED |url=https://www.baliutd.com/news/media-news/breaking-news-kadek-arel-resmi-promosi-ke-tim-senior-bali-united/ |access-date=7 March 2023 |website=Bali United Official Website }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bali |first=Nusa |title=Kadek Arel Resmi Masuk Tim Bali United Senior |url=https://www.nusabali.com/berita/133561/kadek-arel-resmi-masuk-tim-bali-united-senior |access-date=7 March 2023 |website=www.nusabali.com |language=EN}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa Persita wasa a gasar Liga 1 ta kakar shekara ta 2022 da kuma shekarar 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BALI UNITED LAKUKAN ROTASI HADAPI PERSITA, KADEK AREL TAMPIL MENIT PERTAMA |url=https://www.baliutd.com/news/media-news/bali-united-lakukan-rotasi-hadapi-persita-kadek-arel-tampil-menit-pertama/?ids= |access-date=7 March 2023 |website=Bali United Official Website }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A ranar 30 ga watan Mayu shekarar ta 2022, Kadek ya fara bugawa tawagar kasa da shekaru 20 ta Indonesia wasa da kasar Venezuela U20 a Gasar Maurice Revello ta shekarar ta 2022 a [[Faransa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hasil Toulon Cup: Indonesia Kalah dari Venezuela |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20220530201509-142-802901/hasil-toulon-cup-indonesia-kalah-dari-venezuela |access-date=30 May 2022 |website=www.cnnindonesia.com |language=Indonesian}}</ref> A watan Satumbar shekarar ta 2023, ya kasance wani ɓangare na tawagar Indonesia U23 a gasar Wasannin Asiya na kakar shekara ta 2022 karkashin jagorancin Indra Sjafri . Sjafri ta sake kiran Kadek zuwa tawagar Indonesia U20 don shiga Gasar Maurice Revello ta shekarar ta 2024 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indonesia |url=https://www.tournoimauricerevello.com/en/smartphone/festival/detail_equipe.php?id=492 |access-date=3 June 2024 |website=Tournoi Maurice Revello}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar ta 2024, Kadek ya karbi kira zuwa tawagar farko ga tawagar kasar Indonesia don gasar zakarun ASEAN ta shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasetya |first=Adhi |title=ASEAN Championship: Skuad Sementara Timnas Indonesia di Piala AFF 2024 |url=https://sport.detik.com/sepakbola/liga-indonesia/d-7655164/asean-championship-skuad-sementara-timnas-indonesia-di-piala-aff-2024 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=sepakbola |language=id-ID}}</ref> Ya fara fafatawa da Myanmar a nasarar 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daftar 8 Pemain Muda Timnas Indonesia Debut di Piala AFF 2024 |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20241210064336-142-1175573/daftar-8-pemain-muda-timnas-indonesia-debut-di-piala-aff-2024 |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=CNN Indonesia |language=id-ID}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|23 May 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="2" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" valign="center" |Bali United |2022–23 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 |- |2023–24 |16 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |17 |0 |- |2024–25 |16 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |16 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Cikakken aikinsa !35 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !36 !0 |} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 21 December 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Indonesia |2024 |4 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !4 !1 |} {{Updated|match played 28 August 2024}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin kwallaye na kasa da shekaru 20 da Kadek Arel ya zira !A'a. !Ranar !Wurin da ake ciki !Abokin hamayya !Sakamakon !Sakamakon !Gasar |- |1. |17 ga Yuli 2024 | rowspan="3" |Filin wasa na Gelora Bung Tomo, [[Surabaya]], Indonesia |{{Fbu|20|PHI}} | align="center" |3–0 | align="center" |6–0 | rowspan="3" |2024 Gasar Cin Kofin Yara ta ASEAN U-19 |- |2. |20 ga Yuli 2024 |{{Fbu|20|CAM}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 |- |3. |23 ga Yuli 2024 |{{Fbu|20|TLS}} | align="center" |4–1 | align="center" |6–2 |- |4. |28 ga watan Agusta 2024 |Filin wasa na Mokdong, [[Seoul]], Koriya ta Kudu |{{Fbu|20|ARG}} | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |2–1 |Kofin EOU na Seoul |} {{Updated|match played 12 December 2024}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Kadek Arel ya zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Cap ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- |- | align="center" |1 |12 Disamba 2024 |Filin wasa na Manahan, Surakarta, Indonesia | align="center" |2 |{{Fb|LAO}} | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |3–3 |Gasar Cin Kofin ASEAN ta 2024 |- |} == Daraja == '''Bali United U18''' * Elite Pro Academy Liga 1 U-18: 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bali United Kampiun Mola Elite Pro Academy Liga 1 U-18 2021 |url=https://www.pssi.org/news/bali-united-kampiun-mola-elite-pro-academy-liga-1-u-18-2021 |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=PSSI - Football Association of Indonesia |language=id-ID }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> '''Indonesia U16''' * Matsayi na uku na gasar zakarun yara ta U-16 ta ASEAN: 2019 '''Indonesia U19''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Yara ta U-19 ta ASEAN: 2024 '''Indonesia U23''' * Wanda ya ci gaba a gasar cin kofin U-23 na AFF: 2023 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Soccerway|i-kadek-arel-priyatna/840893}} * [https://www.pssi.org/national-team/mens-u20/players/kadek-arel-priyatna/ Kadek Arel Priyatna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307115618/https://www.pssi.org/national-team/mens-u20/players/kadek-arel-priyatna/ |date=2023-03-07 }} An adana shi a shafin yanar gizon hukuma na PSSI {{Bali United F.C. squad}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] 5j41g2b8d6cj50vaix19l4xjx8y7ntq 0 63321 975393 476453 2026-11-02T22:13:24Z Salma Raddah 45959 975393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''El Hadi Ahmed El Sheikh''' <small>FRCOphth</small> ( {{Lang-ar|الهادي أحمد الشيخ}} 28 Yuni 1933, Shendi - 23 Satumba 2009, [[Khartoum]] ) Farfesan Sudan ne a fannin ilimin ido a Sashen Nazarin Ido, Jami'ar Khartoum, kuma memba na Bincike na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]]. El Sheikh ya kafa Asibitin Garin Abu-Hamad a shekara ta 1962 da Sashen Nazarin Ido, a Jami'ar Khartoum a shekarar 1994. An san shi da ayyukan jin kai da shirya kamfen na kula da ido wanda ke ba da magani kyauta ga Sudan da 'yan gudun hijira. == Rayuwa da aiki == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi El Sheikh a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni 1933 a Shendi, Sudan, yana da 'yan'uwa mata hudu. Iyalinsa suna cikin ɗarikar sufaye yan uwa musulmi da kuma karamci, wanda daga baya zasu siffanta tsarin da al-sheikh yake bi wajen samun magunguna da hanyoyin samun magani.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2018-12-01 |title=د. الهادي أحمد الشيخ وأستاذ محمد إبراهيم نقد |trans-title=Dr Elhadi Ahmed and Mr Mohammed Ibrahim Nogod |url=https://www.alttahrer.com/archives/19679 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227034532/https://www.alttahrer.com/archives/19679 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |access-date=2022-11-21}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Safi |first=Ahmed El |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ogiaxAEACAAJ |title=Traditional Sudanese Medicine: A Primer for Healthcare Providers, Researchers and Students |date=2019-04-27 |publisher=Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp Print Us |isbn=978-1-0951-8247-5 |language=en |access-date=2022-11-21 |archive-date=2023-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130165122/https://books.google.com/books?id=ogiaxAEACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Aikin likita === El Sheikh ya fara shiga Jami'ar Khartoum amma ya tafi kamar yadda danginsa suka yi imanin cewa makarantar ta kasance mai ilimi kuma ba ta dace da dabi'unsu ba, daga baya ya shiga Jami'ar Ain Shams. El Sheikh ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1959, kuma ya fara horon koyon aikin likitanci a jami'ar Ain Shams a shekarar 1960 a matsayin jami'in gida kafin ya tafi ya koma Atbara Teaching Hospital a shekarar 1961 a matsayin jami'in lafiya har zuwa shekara ta 1962.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=الهادي أحمد الشيخ (رائد أبحاث التراكوما والعمى) |trans-title=El Hadi Ahmed El Sheikh: Milestones in Sudanese Ophthalmology, Research in Blindness, Onchocerciasis & Trachoma |url=http://sudan-health.blogspot.com/2010/04/el-hadi-ahmed-el-sheikh.html |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=الهادي أحمد الشيخ (رائد أبحاث التراكوما والعمى) |archive-date=2023-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223004212/http://sudan-health.blogspot.com/2010/04/el-hadi-ahmed-el-sheikh.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=نورالدين |first=رياضي |date=2015-12-29 |title=عظماء حتى الشهادة: الشهيد الشفيع أحمد الشيخ |trans-title=Great until martyrdom: the intercessor martyr Ahmed Sheikh |url=http://odammaa.blogspot.com/2015/12/blog-post_3.html |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=عظماء حتى الشهادة |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227034608/http://odammaa.blogspot.com/2015/12/blog-post_3.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1962, El Sheikh ya kafa Asibitin Garin Abu-Hamad kafin ya zama magatakarda na tsawon shekaru biyu a asibitin ido na Khartoum. Daga baya a cikin shekarar 1963, ya ƙaura zuwa Ƙasar Ingila inda ya yi aiki a Asibitin Ido na Moorfields kuma ya sami digiri a fannin ilimin ido daga Kwalejin Likitocin Royal na London a shekara ta 1964 da Royal College of Surgeons na Ingila a shekara ta 1964.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Safi |first=Ahmed El |url=https://media.tghn.org/site_finder/sites/documents/El-Hadi_Ahmed_El_Shaikh_his_life_and_work.pdf |title=El Hadi Ahmed El Sheikh: Milestones in Sudanese Ophthalmology, Research in Blindness, Onchocerciasis & Trachoma |date=2019-04-30 |publisher=Independently Published |isbn=978-1-0964-3574-7 |language=en |access-date=2022-11-21 |archive-date=2022-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121203940/https://media.tghn.org/site_finder/sites/documents/El-Hadi_Ahmed_El_Shaikh_his_life_and_work.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> El Sheikh ya koma Sudan, yana aiki a Asibitin Ido na Khartoum a matsayin Junior Specialist, da kuma Asibitin Wad Madani a matsayin likitan ido, tsakanin shekarun 1964 zuwa 1965. Daga nan sai ya koma sashen tiyata na jami’ar Khartoum, a matsayin malami a fannin ilimin ido a shekarar 1967. Daga baya ya zama farfesa na associate a shekarar 1973.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwan El Sheikh shi ne El Shafiei, fitaccen ɗan siyasar Sudan wanda Jaafar Nimeiry ya yankewa hukuncin kisa tare da Abdel Khaliq Mahjub a shekara ta 1971 saboda hannu a yunkurin juyin mulkin Sudan a shekarar 1971.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> Don haka, bayan kisan ɗan'uwansa, El Sheikh ya yanke shawarar zuwa Burtaniya, kamar yadda aka ba shi lambar yabo ta [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) Research Fellow a UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, da Babban magatakarda matsayi a Asibitin Ido na Moorfields tsakanin 1973- 1978. A wannan lokacin, ya kammala ilimin cututtukan da horar da kididdiga na likitanci a Makarantar Tsafta da Magungunan Wuta ta London (1975-1976). Ya gudanar da fannoni da dama da ayyukan dakin gwaje-gwaje kafin ya sami Doctor of Falsafa daga Jami'ar London a shekara ta 1978.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> Bayan ya dawo Sudan a shekarar 1988, El Sheikh ya shiga Jami'ar Khartoum a matsayin farfesa a fannin ilimin ido. Daga baya ya kafa Sashen Nazarin Ophthalmology a shekarar 1994 kuma ya yi ritaya a 1998.<ref name=":0" /> === Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa === [[Fayil:الهادي أحمد الشيخ.jpg|thumb|El Hadi Ahmad El-Sheikh]] El Sheikh ya yi aure kuma yana da ‘ya’ya huɗu. Ya rasu a ranar 23 ga watan Satumba, 2009 a [[Khartoum]]. == Aiki == El Sheikh ya shiga cikin ayyuka da yawa don inganta aikin tiyata na ido tare da sha'awar dacryocystorhinostomy da oculoplastic. El Sheikh yayi aiki akan ayyuka da yawa tare da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Ya kasance kwararre na WHO kuma memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Onchocerciasis. El Sheikh shi ne Shugaban kungiyar Ophthalmological Society na Sudan (1979-1981), kuma tun daga shekarar 1983, ya kasance memba na Hukumar Zartarwa ta Hukumar Kare Makafi ta Duniya. An san El Sheikh da ayyukan agaji. Tun daga shekarun 1990, shi, tare da taimakon HelpAge International, ya fara shirya kamfen na kula da ido da kuma samar da sassan kula da idanu na wayar hannu wanda ya ba da magani kyauta ga fiye da 23,000 Sudanawa da 'yan gudun hijira. Sai dai ba a ko da yaushe ake maraba da kokarinsa, kuma an kai shi kotu sau da dama domin yi masa tiyata a wajen asibitoci.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=In conversation with Robert F Walters, Orbis Trustee |url=https://www.eyenews.uk.com/features/interviews/post/in-conversation-with-robert-f-walters-orbis-trustee |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223004321/https://www.eyenews.uk.com/features/interviews/post/in-conversation-with-robert-f-walters-orbis-trustee |archive-date=2023-02-23 |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=Eye News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == El Sheikh yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan likitocin Sudan da aka yi bikin, yana rike da dimbin lambobin yabo da kyautuka. An zaɓe shi a matsayin Fellow na Royal College of Ophthalmologists (FRCOphth) a 1990. A cikin shekarar 1995, Ƙungiyar Sudanese Society for Eye Treatment ta sanya shi a lambar yabo ta shekara bayan El Sheikh don girmama gudunmawar da ya bayar ga ilimin ido. Gwamnatin Sudan ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Zinariya a fannin Kimiyya, adabi da fasaha da kuma Az-Zubair Prize for Innovation and Scientific Excellence a shekara ta 2003.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == h5cge66ur573i2x4lfzitduf1i6kuxc 0 63423 975159 826606 2026-11-02T12:10:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edith Ogonnaya Nwosu''' [[farfesa]] ce a fannin shari'a [[Ɗan Nijeriya|a Najeriya]] kuma tsohuwar mataimakiyar shugaban [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|jami'ar Najeriya, Enugu Campus]] (UNEC).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ofobuike |date=2018-04-26 |title=News Flash |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/news-flash/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=University Of Nigeria Nsukka |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726230210/https://www.unn.edu.ng/news-flash/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2018-05-25 |title=UNN appoints new DVC for Enugu campus |url=https://guardian.ng/news/unn-appoints-new-dvc-for-enugu-campus/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726230209/https://guardian.ng/news/unn-appoints-new-dvc-for-enugu-campus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2023-07-22 |title=UNN appoints Nwachukwu UNEC DVC |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/unn-appoints-nwachukwu-unec-dvc/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Directory of Full Professors in the Nigeria University System |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf |access-date=2023-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519012439/https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf |archive-date=2026-05-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kafin naɗin ta a matsayin DVC, ita ce Associate Dean of Students Affairs kuma mai magana da cibiyar.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Edith Nwosu Staff Profile |url=https://staffprofile.unn.edu.ng/profile/1887 |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=staffprofile.unn.edu.ng}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Program Grace Uzoma |url=https://www.guofoundationonline.com.ng/ProgrammeGraceUzoma01.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Family announces endowment fund |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/family-announces-endowment-fund/}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |date=2021 |title=Professor of Corporate Law Edith Nwosu to Deliver UNN's 172nd Inaugural Lecture - DNL Legal and Style |url=https://dnllegalandstyle.com/2021/professor-of-corporate-law-edith-nwosu-to-deliver-unns-172nd-inaugural-lecture/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726231717/https://dnllegalandstyle.com/2021/professor-of-corporate-law-edith-nwosu-to-deliver-unns-172nd-inaugural-lecture/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Edith Ogonnaya Nwosu ita ce yarinya ta uku a gidan masu auren mata fiye da ɗaya (polygamous) sannan kuma ta biyu ga Cif Maurice da Lolo Roseline Nnorom lokacin da aka haife ta a ranar 22 ga watan Maris, (1962).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Citation on Professor Edith Ogonnaya Nwosu – Faculty of Law, University of Nigeria, Enugu |url=https://uneclaw.ng/news-and-events/citation-on-professor-edith-ogonnaya-nwosu |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=uneclaw.ng |archive-date=2023-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726230208/https://uneclaw.ng/news-and-events/citation-on-professor-edith-ogonnaya-nwosu |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Daga makarantar firamare ta St. Johns da ke [[Abakaliki]], ta samu takardar shaidar gama makaranta. A Makarantar Sakandare ta Abakaliki, a baya Kwalejin Presbyterian, PRESCO, ta sami [[Jarabawar Kammala Makarantun Sakandare a Yammacin Afurka (WASSCE)|takardar shedar Makarantar Yammacin Afirka]]. Tsohuwar Jami’ar Fasaha ta Jihar Anambra ta ba ta lambar yabo ta PGDE a fannin ilimi a shekarar ta alif (1987), yayin da Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Fasaha (IMT) da ke [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]] ta ba ta HND a fannin tattalin arziki da gudanarwa a shekarar 1981. A [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya]] da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Edith Nwosu ta samu BL. da digiri na farko a shekarar (1993) bayan ta kammala karatunta a Jami’ar Najeriya a shekarar ta alif (1992 inda ta kuma samu lambobin yabo guda hudu kan kwazon da ta yi a fannin ilimi. Ta karbi LL. M a shekarar ta alif (1997) da PhD daga Jami'ar Nigeria Nsukka a shekarar 2009 bi da bi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Sana'a == Edith Nwosu ta fara aikinta na ilimi ne a matsayin mataimakiyar malami a tsangayar shari'a ta Jami'ar Najeriya, Enugu Campus a shekarar (1994). Tana karantar da Dokar Kamfani da Dokar Makamashi da Albarkatun Ƙasa a matakin digiri da kuma Dokar Kamfani a matakin digiri na biyu. A shekara ta 2011, ta zama Farfesa kuma a ranar Alhamis, 11 ga watan Nuwamba, 2021, ta gabatar da lacca na farko na 172 na Jami'ar Najeriya Nsukka. An yi wa laccar mai taken “Gridlock & Good Luck in Quasi-Corporate Marriages in Nigeria” kuma an gudanar da taron ne a ɗakin taro na Justice Mary Odili na Jami’ar Najeriya, Enugu Campus da karfe 1:00 na rana.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> == Gudanarwa == Ita ce Mukaddashiyar Shugabar Sashen Kasuwanci da Dokokin Kaddarori tsakanin shekarun 2008 da 2013. Orator Jami'ar tsakanin shekarun 2011 da 2014, Mataimakiyar Shugaban Sashen Harkokin Dalibai, Enugu Campus tsakanin shekarun 2014 da 2018. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaba kuma shugabar kungiyar lauyoyin mata ta duniya (FIDA) jihar Enugu. A cikin shekarar 2018, an naɗa ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar jami'ar Najeriya, Enugu Campus kuma aka sake zaɓe a shekarar 2021 wanda ya ƙare a ranar 7 ga watan Maris, 2023.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2023-07-22 |title=UNN appoints Nwachukwu UNEC DVC |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/unn-appoints-nwachukwu-unec-dvc/ |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> == Memba == Ita mamba ce a [[Kungiyar Layoyi ta Najeriya|kungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya]], Kungiyar Lauyoyin Mata ta Duniya (FIDA), Reshen [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]] da Kungiyar Malaman Shari’a ta Najeriya.<ref name=":1" /> == wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa == * '''Nwosu''', E. (2015). ''Najeriya''. Manufar Millennium da BUKATA: da. * Ogbuabor, CA, '''Nwosu''', EO, & Ezike, EO (2014). ''Gabatar da ADR a Tsarin Shari'ar Laifukan Najeriya.'' * '''Nwosu''', EO, Ajibo, CC, Nwoke, U., Okoli, I., & Nwodo, F. (2021). ''Haɓaka bunƙasa kasuwar babban birnin Najeriya ta hanyar kare masu hannun jarin tsiraru: sake tantance hanyoyin aiwatarwa''. Bulletin Dokar Commonwealth, 47 (4), 625-642. * Eze, DU, '''Nwosu''', EO, Umahi, OT, & Nwoke, U. (2022). ''Tattalin Arzikin Ƙa'idodin Rashin Wariya da Daidaiton Jinsi dangane da Rarraba Ƙasa Kan Mutuwa a Najeriya''. Review Law Liverpool, 1-20. * Ogbuabor, CA, '''Nwosu''', EO, & Ezike, EO (2014). ''Gabatar da ADR a Tsarin Shari'ar Laifukan Najeriya''. Jaridar Turai na Kimiyyar zamantakewa, 45 (1), 32-43.<ref>{{Cite journal |first=C. A. |last=Ogbuabor |first2=E. O. |last2=Nwosu |first3=E. O. |last3=Ezike |date=2014 |title=Mainstreaming ADR in Nigeria’s Criminal Justice System |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/43476692/Mainstreaming_ADR_in_Nigerias_Criminal_20160307-5659-bxbizr.pdf |journal=European Journal of Social Sciences |volume=45 |issue=(1) |pages=32–43 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1962]] 3sxmhns78ofpx4z9q6as6ieb7tddm8l 0 64382 975189 596992 2026-11-02T15:44:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eniel Polynice''' (an haife shi a watan Mayu 18, 1988) <ref>[http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/player/_/id/31841/eniel-polynice ESPN: Eniel Polynice]</ref> ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne na Amurka na ƙungiyar Saint-Quentin na LNB Pro B. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Polynice a [[Sarasota, Florida]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nba.com/dleague/losangeles/media/1112dfenders_mediaguide.pdf |title=Facts and Figures: 2011-2012 Los Angeles D-Fenders Media Guide (pg. 15) |website=[[NBA.com]] |access-date=November 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408220729/http://www.nba.com/dleague/losangeles/media/1112dfenders_mediaguide.pdf |archive-date=April 8, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kammala karatu digirin BA tare da Ole Miss tare a fannin Watsa Labarai da MA a cikin Sadarwa daga Seton Hall. Baya ga Ingilishi, yana iya magana da Faransanci, da Haitian Creole. Shi kane ne ga tsohon sojan NBA mai ritaya kuma tsohon zagayen farko, zabi na takwas gaba ɗaya na [[Chicago Bulls]], [[Olden Polynice]].<ref name="Dell"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bismarcktribune.com/sports/basketball/professional/dleague/wizards/d-league-draft-wizards-trade-major/article_11c724de-069a-11e1-963f-001cc4c002e0.html |title=D-League draft: Wizards trade Major |editor=Babiarz, Lou |date=November 3, 2011 |publisher=Bismarck Tribune |accessdate=November 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806224904/http://bismarcktribune.com/sports/basketball/professional/dleague/wizards/d-league-draft-wizards-trade-major/article_11c724de-069a-11e1-963f-001cc4c002e0.html |archive-date=August 6, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == A matsayin Kwararre == Polynice shine zaɓi na zagaye na uku na Los Angeles D-fenders a cikin 2011 na NBA Development League kuma ya zama ɗan wasa na kawai na ƙungiyar a waccan shekarar. A matsayinsa na mai tsaron baya, wanda aka auna shi da 7&nbsp;ft 2 in, wanda ke ba shi damar buga ƙaramin matsayi na gaba. Tun lokacinsa a ƙungiyar D-League, ya taka leda a gasar lig-lig na duniya da yawa.<ref name="Dell">{{cite web |url=http://preps.heraldtribune.com/2012/07/10/basketball-pro-career-spans-world-for-eniel-polynice/ |title=Basketball: Pro career spans world for Eniel Polynice |editor=Dell, Chris |date=July 10, 2012 |publisher=Herald Tribune |accessdate=November 26, 2015 |archive-date=December 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208155646/http://preps.heraldtribune.com/2012/07/10/basketball-pro-career-spans-world-for-eniel-polynice/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.basketball-reference.com/dleague/players/p/polynen01d.html Basketball Reference: Eniel Polynice D-League Stats]</ref><ref name="Court Side">{{cite web |url=http://www.court-side.com/news/blog/eniel-polynice-inks-san-german/ |title=Eniel Polynice inks with San German |editor=Eric |date=January 30, 2015 |publisher=Court Side Newspaper |accessdate=November 26, 2015 |archive-date=December 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208051236/http://www.court-side.com/news/blog/eniel-polynice-inks-san-german/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1988]] tkfb6z0oekng6zua8fvc104tsry54ge 0 70157 975394 377372 2026-11-02T22:15:00Z Salma Raddah 45959 975394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Simoh, the Unlucky Man''' ('' [[Faransanci]]'': Si Moh, pas de chance)'' ɗan gajeren fim ne na Moroccan da aka shirya shi a shekarar 1971 na Moumen Smihi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=:: CENTRE CINEMATOGRAPHIQUE MAROCAIN ::|url=https://www.ccm.ma/fiche_filmcm-209|access-date=2021-11-17|website=www.ccm.ma}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Films {{!}} Africultures : Si Moh Pas-de-Chance|url=http://africultures.com/films/?no=3546|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Africultures|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Africiné - Si Moh Pas-de-Chance|url=http://www.africine.org/film/si-moh-pas-de-chance/3546|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Africiné|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=admin|title=Moumen Smihi is Si Moh, pas de chance (1971). Reviewed by E. Rafael Jacobs-Perez {{!}} Film Matters Magazine|url=https://www.filmmattersmagazine.com/2021/06/24/moumen-smihi-is-si-moh-pas-de-chance-1971-reviewed-by-e-rafael-jacobs-perez/|access-date=2021-11-17|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Si Moh, pas de chance (1970)|url=https://www.unifrance.org/film/43250/si-moh-pas-de-chance|access-date=2021-11-17|website=www.unifrance.org|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Simoh, the Unlucky Man|url=https://mubi.com/films/si-moh-pas-de-chance|language=en-US|access-date=2021-11-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Limbrick|first=Peter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-jnEDwAAQBAJ&dq=Si+Moh%2C+pas+de+chance&pg=PA241|title=Arab Modernism as World Cinema: The Films of Moumen Smihi|date=2020-03-10|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-33056-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61Ol3PLhYhsC&dq=Si+Moh%2C+pas+de+chance&pg=PA557|title=Les cinémas d'Afrique: dictionnaire|date=2000-01-01|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=978-2-84586-060-5|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Brière|first=Jean-François|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMIjQwhuOhwC&dq=Si+Moh%2C+pas+de+chance&pg=PA117|title=Dictionnaire des cinéastes africains de long métrage|date=2008-01-01|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=978-2-8111-4250-6|language=fr}}</ref> An nuna shi a cikin 16 mm, In black and white.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Leaman|first=Oliver|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X6-EAgAAQBAJ&dq=Si+Moh%2C+pas+de+chance&pg=PT709|title=Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film|date=2003-12-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-66251-7|language=en}}</ref> == Takaitaccen bayani == Fim ɗin ya biyo bayan Si Moh (Abdeslam Sakini), ɗan gudun hijira na Arewacin Afirka da ke neman aiki a [[Faris|Paris]]. Yana yawo a cikin banlieues na Faransa, a ƙarshe ya ɓace, kuma a ƙarshe ya kwana na farko a kan matakalar tashar jirgin karkashin ƙasa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Limbrick|first=Peter|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520974333|title=Arab Modernism as World Cinema|date=2020-03-10|publisher=University of California Press|doi=10.1525/9780520974333|isbn=978-0-520-97433-3|s2cid=243699603}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Armes|first=Roy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o3E_tmPLCUAC&dq=Si+Moh%2C+pas+de+chance&pg=PA87|title=Postcolonial Images: Studies in North African Film|date=2005|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-21744-8|language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:fim]] 9zsxkofinyvyf67n09ihfv8qii28dqi 0 70319 975491 458446 2026-11-03T08:20:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} ''Guy Bomanyama-Zand,u''' (an [[Haifa Abdelhak|haife]] shi a [[Ranar Arafa|ranar]] 22 ga [[Wata|watan]] [[Nuwamba]] a shikara ta 1972) ɗan fim ne daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] . == Shekaru na farko == An haifi Guy Bomanyama-Zandu a [[Kinshasa]] a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 1972. ƙarshen shekarun 1980 ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Brussels, inda ya sami 'yancin zama ɗan ƙasar Belgium. fara karatun lantarki, sannan fim a Institut de radioélectricité et de cinématographie (INRACI) a Brussels, ya kammala a shekara ta 2000.Ya yi fim dinsa na farko, ''Papa Mobutu'' (2000) a INRACI . An zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Namur Francophone . Kusan dukkanin fina-finai an gabatar da su a bikin fina-falla na Afrika a Louvain a [[Beljik|Belgium]] . == Ayyukan da suka biyo baya == Ba barin INRACI Bomanyama-Zandu ya fara kamfaninsa na samarwa, Ateliers de Production des Films du Congo (APFC), yanzu ana kiransa Zandu Films, wanda ke zaune a Kinshasa da Brussels. A shekara ta 2001 ya yi fim Gamba da Gbadolite, tsohon sansanin Mobutu Sese Seko a yankin DRC, daga baya [[Jean-Pierre Bemba]] ya sarrafa shi. Fim din ya rubuta shaidu game da mummunan aikin da sojojin Mobutu suka aikata, sannan kuma da sojojin Chadi da Uganda. tilasta masa barin wannan fim a hannun jami'an tsaro na Bemba. A shekara ta 2003 Bomanyama-Zandu ya yi Congo je te pleure, wani shiri na minti 54 tsakanin Zandu Movies Brussels da Zandu Movie sprl, wanda ya kafa a wannan shekarar a Kinshasa, kuma shine kamfanin samarwa na farko da Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Kongo ta amince da shi. An yi fim din ne tare da hadin gwiwar Rediyo da Talabijin na Kasa na Kongo kuma Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Kongo ta goyi bayan shi.Fim din kasance tsakanin mulkin mallaka da na zamani na Kongo, yana fallasa matasan Kongo zuwa wani lokaci na tarihin su wanda kusan ba a san su ba. Boman-Zandu ya kirkiro ''Mayasi, Taximan a Kinshasa'' a shekara ta 2004, da kuma jerin gajerun fina-finai da ke hulɗa da kariya da haɓaka al'adun fina-fakka na Kongo.Mayasi, Taximan a Kinshasa wani docudrama ne wanda ke yin rikodin rana a rayuwar tsohuwar injiniya da direban taksi a Kinshasa. An haife shi a 1938, Mayasi ya tuka masu horar da 'yan wasa a zamanin mulkin mallaka. Ya ba da labarin yadda birni da kuma sufuri na jama'a suka lalace a cikin shekaru. kan hanyar darektan ya nuna fannoni na rayuwar yau da kullun a Kinshasa, birni mai kimanin mutane miliyan takwas.Fim dinsa na 2005 La Vertu ya shafi Marie, wanda aka yi mata fyade lokacin da take da shekaru 15.Likita ya ki zubar da ciki, kuma ya yi amfani da zubar da cikin ciki ba bisa ka'ida ba.'Yan sanda sun fara bincike kan lamarin, sun sanya shi ga mai binciken da ya yi wa Marie fyade. nuna fim din a [[International Festival of Film of Amiens|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Amiens]] na shekara ta 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmfestamiens.org/?LA-VERTU,417&lang=en |publisher=International Festival of Film of Amiens |title=LA VERTU |accessdate=2012-03-09}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == Fim din Boman-Zandu ya hada da: {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |2005 |''Shin babban allo a Kinshasa, zai yiwu?'' (bayani) |Daraktan |- |2005 |''[[Le Congo, quel cinéma!|Kwango, wane irin fim ne!]]'' (Congo, Menene Cinema!) |Daraktan |- |2005 |La Mémoire du Congo en danger (Tunanin Kongo a cikin haɗari) |Daraktan |- |2005 |''Kyakkyawan'' |Darakta, Mai gabatarwa, Marubuci |- |2004 |Mayasi, mai ba da taksi a Kinshasa (Mayasi, direban taksi a Kinhasa) |Daraktan |- |2001 |''Baƙo'' |Daraktan |- |2000 |''Papa Mobutu'' (takardun shaida) |Daraktan |} == Manazarta == .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1972]] pk4oo08qu6xed38hcghj398h985ntg1 0 71487 975225 909579 2026-11-02T16:54:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Effort to promote an endangered language or revive a dead language}} [[Fayil:Farfado.ogg|thumb|maganan farfado]] [[Fayil:Close-up view of the head of a white tiger, yawning with the tongue out.jpg|thumb|Harshen Zaki]] '''Farfado da harshe''', wanda kuma ake kira farfaɗo da harshe ko juyar da canjin harshe, ƙoƙari ne na dakatarwa ko mayar da rugujewar harshe ko don rayar da yaruka wandana suka ɓace.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. p. 169. Print.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=http://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-8 |chapter=Language Revitalization |last1=Pine|first1=Aidan|last2=Turin|first2=Mark|date=2017-03-29 |publisher=Oxford University Press|volume=1|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.8|title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics |isbn=9780199384655 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3941256}}</ref> Wadanda abin ya shafa na iya hada da masana harshe, al'adu ko kungiyoyin al'umma, ko gwamnatoci. Wasu suna jayayya don banbance tsakanin farfaɗowar harshe (tayar da harshen da ba a taɓa samu ba tare da masu magana ba) da farfaɗowar harshe (ceto harshen “mutuwa”).An sami nasara misali guda ɗaya kawai na cikakkiyar farfaɗowar harshe, harshen Ibrananci, ƙirƙirar sabon ƙarni na masu magana da yaren ba tare da wasu masu magana da yaren asali ba a matsayin abin koyi.<ref name="GrenobleWhaley">{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA63 |page=63 |quote=Hebrew is cited by Paulston et al. (1993:276) as 'the only true example of language revival.'}}</ref> Harsunan da aka yi niyya don farfado da harshe sun haɗa da waɗanda amfaninsu da shahararsu ke da iyaka. Wani lokaci ma ana iya amfani da dabaru daban-daban na farfaɗo da harshe don ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da bacewar harsuna. Ko da yake manufofin farfaɗowar harshe sun bambanta sosai daga yanayi zuwa yanayi, yawanci sun haɗa da ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa yawan masu magana da amfani da harshe, ko ƙoƙarin kiyaye matakin amfani na yanzu don kare harshen daga bacewa ko mutuwar harshe. Dalilai na farfadowa sun bambanta: suna iya haɗawa da haɗari na zahiri wanda ya shafi waɗanda harshensu ke mutuwa, haɗarin tattalin arziƙi kamar cin gajiyar albarkatun ƙasa na asali, haɗarin siyasa kamar kisan kare dangi, ko haɗarin al'adu / haɗuwa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Crystal |first=David |date=2010 |title=Language Planning |encyclopedia=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language |edition=Third |editor-first=David |editor-last=Crystal |pages=382–387|location=New York, NY |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref>A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan [yaushe?] kadai, an kiyasta cewa fiye da harsuna 2000 sun riga sun bace. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa fiye da rabin harsunan da ake magana a yau ba su da kasa da 10,000 kuma kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na da ƙasa da 1,000; da kuma cewa, sai dai idan ba a yi kokarin kiyaye su ba, nan da shekaru dari masu zuwa yawancin wadannan za su shude.<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |title=Endangered Languages |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |access-date=2014-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409141047/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |archive-date=2014-04-09}}</ref> Ana yawan ambaton waɗannan alkaluma a matsayin dalilan da suka sa farfaɗowar harshe ya zama dole don kiyaye bambance-bambancen harshe. Har ila yau, ana yawan ambaton al'adu da asali da dalilai na farfaɗo da harshe, lokacin da aka ɗauki harshe a matsayin "taska na al'adu" na musamman..<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA20}}</ref> Al'umma sau da yawa suna kallon harshe a matsayin wani sashe na musamman na al'adun su, yana haɗa su da kakanninsu ko ƙasa, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na tarihinsu da kamannin kansu.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. Print.</ref> Farfad da harshe kuma yana da alaƙa da fannin harshe na takaddun harshe. A cikin wannan fanni, masana ilimin harshe suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar cikakken rikodin nahawu, ƙamus, da fasalin harshe. Wannan al'ada sau da yawa na iya haifar da ƙarin damuwa don farfado da takamaiman harshe akan nazari. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ana ɗaukar aikin rubuce-rubuce sau da yawa tare da manufar farfadowa a zuciya.<ref>New Perspectives on Endangered Languages. Ed. José A.F. Farfán and Fernando F. Ramallo. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2010. pp. 1-7. Print.</ref> == Digiri na haɗarin harshe == {{more citations needed|section|date=October 2021}} == Ma'auni biyar == * Ma'auni ɗaya mai yiwuwa mai maki biyar shine kamar haka: * Lafiya/ƙarfi: duk tsararraki suna amfani da harshe a cikin saituna iri-iri * Rauni / rashin lafiya: magana da tsofaffi; samari ba su cika amfani da su ba * Moribund/mutuwa: ƴan manyan masu magana ne kawai suka rage; yara ba sa amfani da shi azaman yare na asali * Matattu: Ba a ƙara magana a matsayin yare na asali * Bacewa: ba a magana kuma yana da kaɗan ko babu rubuce-rubuce{{dubious|date=October 2021}} ==Wani sikelin == == Ana amfani da wani ma'auni don gano digiri na haɗarin harshe a cikin takarda na 2003 ("Language Vitality and Endangerment") wanda UNESCO ta ba da izini daga ƙungiyar masana harshe na duniya. Masana ilimin harshe, a tsakanin sauran manufofi da fifiko, suna ƙirƙirar ma'auni tare da digiri shida don mahimmancin harshe da haɗari. == .<ref name=":2">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Language_vitality_and_endangerment_EN.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Sun kuma ba da shawarar abubuwa tara ko ma'auni (shida daga cikinsu suna amfani da ma'aunin digiri shida) don "bayyana yanayin yanayin zamantakewar harshe gaba ɗaya".<ref name=":2" /> Abubuwa tara tare da ma'auni daban-daban sune: Watsawar harshe tsakanin tsararraki lafiya: dukan tsararraki suna amfani da harshe rashin lafiya: wasu yara suna amfani da yare a duk saituna, duk yara suna amfani da yare a wasu saitunan tabbataccen haɗari: ƙananan yara suna jin harshen; galibin zuriyar iyaye da kuma manya ke magana mai tsananin hatsari: tsofaffin al'ummomi suna magana; ba a yi amfani da tsarar iyaye da matasa ba suna cikin haɗari: 'yan masu magana kaɗan ne suka rage kuma galibi daga manyan kakanni bace: babu masu magana mai rai Cikakken adadin masu magana Adadin masu magana a cikin jimlar yawan jama'a lafiya: kusan kashi 100% na yawan jama'a suna magana da harshen mara lafiya: kusan kusan kashi 100% na al'ummar kasar ne ke magana da harshen tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin jama'a suna magana da harshen mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana magana da ƙasa da kashi 50% na yawan jama'a mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana da ƴan magana kaɗan bace: babu masu magana mai rai Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin yankunan harshe na yanzu amfani na duniya (aminci): magana a duk yankuna; ga dukkan ayyuka daidaitattun harsuna da yawa (mara lafiya): harsuna da yawa (2+) ana magana da su a yawancin wuraren zamantakewa; don yawancin ayyuka yankuna masu raguwa (tabbas masu haɗari): galibi ana magana a cikin yanki na gida kuma yana cikin gasa tare da babban yare; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka ko na yau da kullun (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin iyakokin zamantakewa; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙayyadaddun yankuna; don ƙananan ayyuka bacewa: babu yanki; babu ayyuka Martani ga sababbin yankuna da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi (lafiya): magana a cikin duk sabbin yankuna robust/active (mara lafiya): ana magana a yawancin sabbin yankuna mai karɓa (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin sabbin yankuna da yawa jimrewa (masu haɗari): magana a wasu sabbin yankuna kadan (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙananan sabbin yankuna mara aiki (bacewa): magana a cikin sabon yanki Kayayyaki don ilimin harshe da karatu mai lafiya: kafaffen rubutun rubutu da dama ga kayan ilimi rashin lafiya: samun damar yin amfani da kayan ilimi; yara masu tasowa karatu; ba a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar gudanarwa ba tabbataccen haɗari: samun damar samun kayan ilimi ya wanzu a makaranta; karatu a cikin harshe ba a inganta mai matukar hatsari: akwai kayan karatu amma babu su a cikin manhajar karatu Yana cikin haɗari: an san rubutun rubutun kuma akwai wasu rubuce-rubucen bacewa: ba a san rubutun rubutun ba # Halaye da manufofin harshe na gwamnati da na hukuma (ciki har da matsayi na hukuma da amfani) daidaitaccen goyan bayan (lafiya): duk harsuna ana kiyaye su daidai tallafi daban-daban (mara lafiya): da farko an kiyaye shi don yankuna masu zaman kansu m assimilation (tabbas a cikin haɗari): babu ƙayyadaddun manufofin kariya; amfani da harshe ya ragu a yankin jama'a aiki mai ƙarfi (mai haɗari): gwamnati ta hana yin amfani da harshe; babu kariyar gwamnati na harshe a kowane yanki tilastawa (masu haɗari): harshe ba a gane ko kariya ba; gwamnati ta gane wani yare na hukuma haramun (bacewa): an hana amfani da harshe Halayen membobin al'umma game da yarensu amintacce: harshe yana mutunta, kimarsa, da kuma ciyar da al'umma gaba ɗaya mara lafiya: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: wasu al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: ƴan al'umma ne kawai ke tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe bacewa: cikakken rashin jin daɗin kula da harshe; fi son rinjayen harshe Adadi da ingancin takardun. superlative (lafiya): faffadan sauti, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubuce-rubucen harshe mai kyau (mara lafiya): audio, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubutattun takardu duk sun wanzu; kadan daga cikin kowanne gaskiya (tabbas masu haɗari): akwai wasu takaddun sauti da bidiyo; isassun takardun da aka rubuta ɓarna (masu haɗari): ƙayyadaddun takaddun sauti da na bidiyo suna wanzu a ƙananan inganci; ƙananan takardun da aka rubuta wanda bai isa ba (masu haɗari): kaɗan ne kawai na rubuce-rubucen da ke wanzu mara izini (bacewa): babu takaddun da ke wanzu == Ka'idar == Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakan farko na farfaɗowar harshe/murmurewa ya haɗa da tabbatar da matakin da wani harshe ya "rabe". Wannan yana taimaka wa ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa su sami hanya mafi kyau don taimakawa ko farfado da harshen.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tsunoda|first=Tasaku|title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization|year=2005|publisher=Mounton de Gruyter|location=Berlin|page=170}}</ref> == Matakan juyar da canjin harshe == Akwai ra'ayoyi ko samfuri daban-daban da yawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin tsara tsari don farfado da harshe. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine mashahurin masanin harshe Joshua Fishman. Misalin Fishman don farfado da yarukan barazana (ko barci), ko don sanya su dorewa,<ref>Fishman, J. A. (1991). ''Reversing language Shift: Theory and Practice of Assistance to Threatened Languages''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref><ref>Fishman, J. A. (ed.) (2001). ''Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref>ya ƙunshi tsari mai matakai takwas. Yakamata a maida hankali kan matakan farko na gyare-gyare har sai an daidaita su kafin a ci gaba da zuwa matakai na gaba. Matakan guda takwas su ne: Samun harshen ta manya, waɗanda a zahiri suna aiki a matsayin masu koyon harshe (an ba da shawarar inda mafi yawan sauran masu magana da harshen tsofaffi ne kuma ba su da alaƙa da sauran masu magana da harshen). Ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwar jama'a na masu magana (ko masu amfani) na harshe (a wannan matakin yawanci ya fi dacewa a mai da hankali musamman ga yaren magana maimakon rubutaccen harshe). A cikin yankunan da akwai adadin mutanen da suka saba amfani da harshen, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe na yau da kullum a tsakanin mutane na kowane nau'i na shekaru da kuma cikin iyalai da kuma karfafa amfani da shi ta yau da kullum ta hanyar kafa cibiyoyin unguwanni na gida wanda ake ƙarfafa harshen. kariya kuma (a cikin wasu mahallin aƙalla) ana amfani da shi na musamman. A cikin wuraren da aka sami ƙwarewar magana a cikin harshe a kowane rukuni na zamani, ƙarfafa ilimin harshe a cikin harshe, amma ta hanyar da ba ta dogara da taimako daga (ko yardar) tsarin ilimi na jiha ba. Inda jihar ta ba da izini, kuma inda lambobi suka ba da izini, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a cikin ilimin jiha. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a wurin aiki. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a ayyukan ƙananan hukumomi da kafofin watsa labarai. Inda aka cimma matakan da suka gabata da kuma karfafa su, karfafa yin amfani da harshe a manyan makarantu, gwamnati, da dai sauransu. Wannan tsari na farfaɗo da harshe an yi niyya ne don jagorantar ƙoƙarin zuwa inda ya fi tasiri da kuma guje wa ɓarnatar da kuzari ƙoƙarin cimma matakan farfadowa na baya lokacin da ba a cimma matakan farko ba. Alal misali, yana iya zama almubazzaranci a yi kamfen don yin amfani da harshe a talabijin ko kuma a hidimar gwamnati idan da wuya wasu iyalai da suke da halin yin amfani da harshen. Bugu da ƙari, Tasaku Tsunoda ya bayyana kewayon dabaru daban-daban ko hanyoyin da masu magana za su iya amfani da su don ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe, gami da dabarun farfado da bacewar harsuna da kuma kula da masu rauni. Dabarun da ya lissafo sau da yawa suna iyakance ga ƙarfin halin yanzu na harshe. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba za a iya amfani da hanyar nutsewa ba don farfado da yare ko ɓarna. Sabanin haka, ana iya amfani da hanyar koyan koyo na watsa ɗaya-ɗayan kan ƙwarewar harshe tare da harsunan da ba su da ƙarfi. Wasu hanyoyi da yawa na farfadowa, gami da waɗanda suka dogara da fasaha kamar rikodin rikodi ko kafofin watsa labarai, ana iya amfani da su don harsuna a kowane yanayi mai yiwuwa..<ref name="illustrate">{{cite book |last=Tsunoda |first=Tasaku |title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization |location=Berlin |publisher=[[Mouton De Gruyter]] |date=2005 |page=201}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- |+ Tasirin hanyar ya dogara ne da yuwuwar harshe.<ref name="illustrate" /> ! Method ! colspan="3" |[[Degree of endangerment]] |- ! !! Weakening !! Moribund !! Dead/extinct |- | Immersion|| {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Neighborhood || {{yes|effective}}|| {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Bilingual || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Master-apprentice || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | [[Total physical response]] || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Telephone || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Radio || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Multimedia || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Two-way || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Formulaic|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Artificial [[pidgin]]|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Place name || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Reclamation || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Adoption|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |} == Abubuwan da ke cikin nasarar farfado da harshe == [[David Crystal]],a cikin littafinsa Mutuwar Harshe, ya ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe zai fi yin nasara idan masu magana da shi ƙara darajar harshen a cikin al'umma masu rinjaye; ƙara musu dukiya da kuɗin shiga; kara karfin halascinsu a idon al'umma masu rinjaye; suna da karfi a cikin tsarin ilimi; iya rubuta harshe; iya amfani da fasahar lantarki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crystal |first=D. |date=2000 |title=Language Death |url=https://archive.org/details/languagedeath0000crys |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/languagedeath0000crys/page/130 130]–141 |isbn=0-521-65321-5}}</ref> A cikin littafinta, Harsunan Ƙarfafawa: Gabatarwa, Sarah Thomason ta lura da nasarar ƙoƙarin farfaɗo don Ibrananci na zamani da kuma nasarar da aka samu na farfado da Maori a New Zealand (duba Misalai na Musamman a ƙasa). Wani sanannen abu da waɗannan misalan biyu suka raba shi ne cewa yaran an reno su ne a cikin yanayi mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=6}}</ref>Game da Ibrananci, yana kan al'ummomin gama gari na farko da ake kira kibbut[[kibbutz|z]]im.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=156–159}}</ref> Don yaren Maori A New Zealand, an yi hakan ta hanyar gidan yare.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=165}}</ref> ==Farfadowar ilimin harshe == [[Ghil'ad Zuckermann]] yana ba da shawarar "Revival Linguistics" a matsayin sabon horo na harshe da tsari. Kalmar Zuckermann ta 'Revival Linguistics' an ƙirƙira ta ne akan 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia yana bincika ƙuntatawa na duniya da hanyoyin da ke tattare da sake fasalin harshe, sabuntawa da farfaɗowa. Yana zana ra'ayoyi masu kamanceceniya daga ƙoƙari na farfaɗo zuwa wani, don haka yana aiki azaman gadar ilimin zamani tsakanin jawabai iri ɗaya a cikin yunƙurin gida daban-daban na farfaɗo da harsunan barci a duk faɗin duniya.{{Blockquote|Zuckermann's term 'Revival Linguistics' is modelled upon 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia explores the universal constraints and mechanisms involved in language reclamation, renewal and revitalization. It draws perspicacious comparative insights from one revival attempt to another, thus acting as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses in various local attempts to revive sleeping tongues all over the globe.<ref>[[Ghil'ad Zuckermann|Zuckermann, Ghil'ad]] and Walsh, Michael 2011. [https://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures 'Stop, Revive, Survive: Lessons from the Hebrew Revival Applicable to the Reclamation, Maintenance and Empowerment of Aboriginal Languages and Cultures'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315090700/http://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures |date=2012-03-15 }}, ''Australian Journal of Linguistics'' Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 111-127.</ref>}} A cewar Zuckermann, "Lissafi na Tarurrukan Harsuna sun haɗu da nazarin kimiyya na samun harshen asali da kuma koyan harshen waje. Bayan haka, sake fasalin harshe shine mafi girman yanayin koyon harshe na biyu. Revival linguistics ya dace da kafaffen fannin ilimin harsuna, wanda ke rubuta harsunan da ke cikin haɗari a baya. barci suke yi."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Zuckermann ya ba da shawarar cewa "fasahar ilimin harshe yana canza fagen ilimin harshe na tarihi ta hanyar, alal misali, raunana tsarin bishiyar iyali, wanda ke nuna cewa harshe yana da iyaye ɗaya kawai.t."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Akwai sabani a fagen farfado da harshe dangane da matakin da ya kamata farkawa ta mayar da hankali kan kiyaye harshen gargajiya, da ba da damar sauƙaƙawa ko kuma yaɗa rance daga mafi yawan harshe. Yin sulhu Zuckermann ya yarda da kasancewar "bangarori na gida da wawanci"<ref name="autogenerated1">Ghil'ad Zuckermann, [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/opinion/stop-revive-and-survive/story-e6frgcko-1226385194433 "Stop, revive and survive"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719113915/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/opinion/stop-revive-and-survive/story-e6frgcko-1226385194433 |date=2016-07-19 }}, ''The Australian, Higher Education'', June 6, 2012.</ref>amma yana nuna hakan "Akwai matsalolin harshe da suka dace da duk ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da su. Ƙaddamar da su zai taimaka wa masu farfaɗo da shugabannin al'ummomi na farko don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Alal misali, yana da sauƙi don tayar da ƙamus da kalmomi na ainihi fiye da sauti da tsarin kalmomi. Revivalists ya kamata su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya. yi watsi da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi, maganganu marasa amfani kamar su "Ba mu sahihanci ko a kashe mu."<ref name="autogenerated1" /> [[Nancy Dorian]] ya yi nuni da cewa halaye masu ra'ayin mazan jiya game da kalmomin lamuni da sauye-sauye na nahawu sukan kawo cikas ga yunƙurin farfado da harsunan da ke cikin hatsari (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya), kuma rarrabuwa na iya kasancewa tsakanin masu farfaɗo da ilimi, masu sha'awar tarihi, da sauran masu magana da ke sha'awar ingantaccen salon magana na cikin gida (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya). wani lokaci ya faru tare da Irish). Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa sasantawa na tsari na iya, a haƙiƙa, haɓaka tsammanin rayuwa, kamar yadda wataƙila ya kasance a cikin Ingilishi a lokacin post-Norman..<ref>Nancy C. Dorian, ‘Purism v. compromise in language revitalisation and language revival’ in ''Language in Society'' 23, pp. 479-494.</ref> ==Dan gargajiya == == Wasu masana ilimin harshe sun yi jayayya cewa lokacin da farfaɗowar harshe ya ɗauki aro daga yawancin harshe, sakamakon shine sabon harshe, watakila creole ko p. == [[pidgin|idgin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Mari C. |title=Language Obsolescence and Revitalization: Linguistic Change in Two Sociolinguistically Contrasting Welsh Communities |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn=9780198237112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9u_GG41b_8C&q=neo+breton+language&pg=PA323 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |year=1998 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Misali, samuwar “Neo-Hawaiian” a matsayin wani yare dabam da na “Hawayen Gargajiya” an ba da shawarar, saboda tsananin tasirin Ingilishi a kowane fanni na harshen Hawai da aka farfado.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=R. Keao |last1=NeSmith |title=Tūtū's Hawaiian and the Emergence of a Neo Hawaiian Language |journal='Ōiwi Journal3—A Native Hawaiian Journal |date=2005 |url=http://hstrial-knesmith.homestead.com/Oiwi-Journal-_3-1-09_.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref> An kuma ba da shawarar wannan don Irish, tare da rarrabuwa tsakanin "Urban Irish" (masu magana da yare na biyu) da Irish na gargajiya (kamar yadda ake magana a matsayin yaren farko a yankunan Gaeltacht). Ó Béarra ya ce: "[don] bi ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin Ingilishi, [zai kasance] samar da abin da bai wuce Ingilishi ba a cikin ja na Irish.."<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Feargal |last1=Ó Béarra |title=Academic paper insights: Late Modern Irish and the Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death |date=July 2008 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291382217 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Dangane da yaren Manx da aka fi sani da shi a lokacin, masanin T. F. O'Rahilly ya ce, “Lokacin da harshe ya ba da kansa ga salon magana na waje, kuma idan dukan masu magana da shi suka zama harsuna biyu, hukuncin kisa ne."<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Rahilly |first1=Thomas Francis |title=Irish Dialects Past and Present: With Chapters on Scottish and Manx |date=1932 |publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |location=Dublin |page=121 |isbn=9780901282552 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmFiAAAAMAAJ |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>Neil McRae ya bayyana cewa amfani da Gaelic na Scotland yana ƙara zama alama, kuma kalmar Gaelic na asali ana ɓacewa don goyon bayan kalmomin wucin gadi da masu magana da harshe na biyu suka ƙirƙira.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McRae |first1=Neil |title=Dìlseachd, Lughad agus Saor-thoileachas: moladh airson iomairt Gàidhlig a dh'fhaodadh obrachadh |trans-title=Loyalty, Language and Volunteerism: a proposal for a Gaelic initiative that could work |url=https://www.dropbox.com/s/3p75g1bowhtekzl/Dilseachd%2C%20Lughad%20agus%20Saor-thoileachas%20copy.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=gd}}</ref> == Misali == Jimillar farfaɗo da mataccen harshe (a ma'anar rashin masu magana) don zama hanyar sadarwar jama'a masu dogaro da kai na miliyoyin masu magana da harshen farko sau ɗaya kawai, a cikin yanayin Ibrananci, wanda ya haifar da Zamani. Ibrananci- yanzu harshen ƙasar Isra'ila. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani tsari na musamman na tarihin tarihi da al'adu wanda ya sauƙaƙe farfadowa. (Dubi Revival of the Hebrew language.) Ibrananci, wanda ya kasance yaren liturgical, an sake kafa shi a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun ta Yahudawa masu ƙaura zuwa ƙasar Isra'ila da yankunan Falasɗinawa, tun daga ƙarni na sha tara. Shi ne mafi shahara da nasara misali a duniya na farfado da harshe. A cikin ci gaban da ke da alaƙa, harsunan adabi ba tare da masu magana da yaren asali ba sun ji daɗin girma da kuma amfani mai amfani kamar yare, galibi suna ƙirga miliyoyin masu iya magana a lokaci guda. A yawancin irin waɗannan lokuta, raguwar amfani da harshe na adabi, wani lokaci mai girma, ya kasance tare da sabuntawa mai ƙarfi. Wannan ya faru, alal misali, a cikin farfaɗowar Latin na gargajiya a cikin Renaissance, da farfaɗowar Sanskrit a farkon ƙarni AD. Wani abu mai kamanceceniya a yankunan masu jin Larabci na zamani shine faɗaɗa amfani da harshen adabi (Modern Standard Larabci, wani nau'i na Larabci na gargajiya na ƙarni na 6 AD). Ana koyar da wannan ga duk masu magana da ilimi kuma ana amfani da su a watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, tattaunawa na yau da kullun, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, wasu lokutan harsunan adabi sun tashi zuwa matakin zama harsunan farko na al’ummomin harsuna masu yawan gaske. Misali shi ne daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci, wanda ya samo asali a matsayin harshen adabi bisa harshen Florence na ƙarni na 13, musamman kamar yadda manyan marubutan Florentine kamar Dante, Petrarch da Boccaccio ke amfani da su. Wannan harshe ya wanzu shekaru aru-aru da yawa a matsayin abin hawa na adabi, ba tare da masu magana ba; ko da a ƙarshen 1861, a jajibirin haɗin kan Italiya, harshen ya ƙidaya kusan masu magana da 500,000 (da yawa waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba), daga cikin jimlar yawan c. 22,000,000. Nasarar harshen da ta biyo baya ta kasance ta hanyar ci gaba a hankali, inda aka koya wa masu magana da kowane ɗayan yarukan Italiyanci daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci a matsayin harshe na biyu kuma daga baya an ba da shi ga 'ya'yansu, waɗanda suka koyi shi a matsayin harshen farko. [Ana bukatan hujja] Tabbas wannan ya zo ne ta hanyar amfani da harsunan Italiyanci na gida, waɗanda yawancinsu yanzu suna cikin haɗari. Babban Jamusanci, daidaitaccen Czech, Mutanen Espanya na Castilian da sauran harsuna sun sami nasara a cikin irin wannan yanayi. ==Afrika == Harshen 'yan Koftik ya fara raguwa lokacin da Larabci ya zama babban yare a Masar. Paparoma Shenouda III ya kafa Cibiyar Harshen Koftik a cikin Disamba 1976 a cikin Coptic Orthodox Cathedral na Saint Mark a Alkahira don manufar farfado da harshen 'yan Koftik..<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/16207/Coptic-Ancient-language-still-spoken-today|title=Coptic: Ancient language still spoken today |date=August 8, 2017 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200121-the-alphabets-at-risk-of-extinction |title=The alphabets at risk of extinction |first=Andrea |last=Valentino |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> == Amurka == == Arewacin Amurka == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ɗimbin ƙabilun ƴan asalin Amirka suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harsunansu. Misali, akwai manhajoji (ciki har da jimloli, jerin kalmomi da ƙamus) a cikin yarukan Ƙasa da yawa da suka haɗa da Cree, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Lakota, Ojibwe, Oneida, Massachusett, Navajo, Halq'emeylem, Gwych'in, da Lushootseed. Wampanoag, yaren da mutane masu suna iri ɗaya ke magana a Massachusetts, an gudanar da aikin farfaɗo da harshe karkashin jagorancin Jessie Little Doe Baird, ƙwararren masanin harshe. Membobin ƙabilar suna amfani da faffadan rubutattun bayanan da ke akwai a cikin yarensu, gami da fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki da takaddun doka, don koyo da koyar da Wampanoag. Aikin ya ga yara suna magana da yaren sosai a karon farko cikin sama da shekaru 100. Bugu da kari, a halin yanzu ana kokarin farfado da yaren Chochenyo na California, wanda ya shude. Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Grand Ronde da sauransu suna yin ƙoƙari don ganin Chinook Jargon, wanda aka fi sani da Chinuk Wawa, a raye. Wannan ƙungiyar waƙoƙi da labaran da aka tattara daga Victoria Howard kuma Melville Jacobs ne suka buga ta. Dandalin bude tushen FirstVoices yana karbar bakuncin gidajen yanar gizo da al'umma ke gudanarwa don ayyukan farfado da harshe guda 85, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan harsuna 33 na asali a cikin British Columbia da kuma fiye da harsunan dozin daga "wani wuri a Kanada da na duniya", tare da ƙamus 17 .<ref>{{cite news |title=FirstVoices celebrates International Mother Language Day with the launch of a new version of its free, open-source, Indigenous |url=https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca/globenewswire_press_releases/firstvoices-celebrates-international-mother-language-day-with-the-launch-of-a-new-version-of-its/article_1ed78ef9-2a2c-52ef-a19d-5699304230c2.html |access-date=21 February 2024 |work=Canadian Press |date=21 February 2024}}</ref> ==Tlingit== Hakazalika da sauran harsunan asali, Tlingit na cikin haɗari sosai. Kasa da dattawa 100 masu basira sun wanzu har zuwa shekarar 2017. Daga shekara ta 2013 zuwa shekarar 2014, mai fafutukar harshe, marubuci, kuma malami, Sʔímlaʔxw Michele K. Johnson daga Syilx Nation, yayi ƙoƙari ya koyar da ɗalibai biyu masu bege na Tlingit a cikin Yukon. Hanyoyinta sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar littattafan karatu, tsarin koyarwa na nutsewa a jere, da tantancewar fim. Manufar ita ce a taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar manyan masu magana waɗanda suka kai shekarun haihuwa, don su ma su fara koyar da yaren. A cikin shekara ta 2020, X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell ya jagoranci aji na kan layi na Tlingit tare da Kwalejin Outer Coast. Dalibai da dama ne suka halarci. Shi abokin farfesa ne na Harsunan Asalin Alaska a Makarantar Arts da Kimiyya a Jami'ar Alaska Kudu maso Gabas wanda ke ba da ƙarami a cikin yaren Tlingit da kuma mai da hankali kan Harsunan 'Yan Asalin Alaska da Nazari a cikin digiri na farko a Arts Liberal Arts..<ref>{{cite news |title=UAS ceremony honors 670 grads |url=https://www.juneauempire.com/news/uas-ceremony-honors-670-grads/ |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=Juneau Empire |date=3 May 2016}}</ref> ==Kudacin Amurka == [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]]Yaren Quechua iri-iri ne da ake magana da shi a Ecuador kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan ƴan asalin da ake magana da su a Kudancin Amirka. Duk da wannan gaskiyar, Kichwa harshe ne na barazana, musamman saboda yaɗuwar Mutanen Espanya a Kudancin Amirka. Ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomin masu magana da Kichwa na asali, Lagunas, ɗaya ne daga cikin al'ummomin ƴan asali na farko da suka canza zuwa harshen Sipaniya. A cewar King, hakan ya faru ne saboda karuwar ciniki da kasuwanci tare da babban garin da ke magana da Mutanen Espanya. Mutanen Lagunas sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba don dalilai na haɗa al'adu ba ne, saboda suna daraja asalin al'adun su sosai. Duk da haka, da zarar an yi wannan hulɗar, harshe na mutanen Lagunas ya canza zuwa tsararraki, zuwa Kichwa da harshen Mutanen Espanya kuma yanzu shine ainihin harshen Mutanen Espanya. Hankalin mutanen Lagunas yana gabatar da dichotomy tare da amfani da harshe, saboda yawancin membobin Lagunas suna magana da Mutanen Espanya na musamman kuma kawai sun san 'yan kalmomi a cikin Kichwa. Abubuwan da ake fatan sake farfado da harshen Kichwa ba su da alfanu, saboda iyaye sun dogara da karatun makaranta don wannan dalili, wanda bai kusan yin tasiri kamar ci gaba da bayyana harshe a cikin gida ba. Makaranta a cikin unguwar Lagunas, ko da yake ana mai da hankali sosai kan koyar da Kichwa, ya ƙunshi galibin mu'amala, karatu, da rubutu cikin Kichwa. Baya ga ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce daga tushe, ƙungiyoyin farfaɗo da harshe na ƙasa, kamar CONAIE, suna mai da hankali kan yaran ƴan asalin da ba sa jin Mutanen Espanya, waɗanda ke wakiltar ƴan tsiraru masu yawa a ƙasar. Wani yunƙuri na ƙasa, Shirin Ilimin Al'adu tsakanin Bilingual (PEBI), bai yi tasiri ba wajen farfado da harshe saboda ana ba da koyarwa cikin Kichwa kuma ana koyar da Mutanen Espanya a matsayin yare na biyu ga yara waɗanda kusan masu yaren Sipaniya guda ɗaya ne. Ko da yake wasu fasahohin suna ganin ba su da tasiri, Kendall A. King yana ba da shawarwari da yawa: Bayyanawa da samun harshen tun yana ƙuruciya. Matsakaicin dabarun nutsewa. Ƙoƙari da yawa da yawa don isa ga manya. Sassauci da daidaitawa a cikin tsarawa da aiwatarwa Kai tsaye magana iri-iri na harshe. Masu tsarawa suna jaddada cewa farfado da harshe tsari ne mai tsawo Haɗa mutane da yawa gwargwadon yiwuwa Iyaye suna amfani da yaren tare da 'ya'yansu Masu tsarawa da masu ba da shawara suna fuskantar matsalar daga kowane bangare. Shawarwari na musamman sun haɗa da ba da kyakkyawar fahimta game da harshe a makarantu, mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarin tushe a makaranta da gida, da kula da kulawar ƙasa da yanki.<ref name="end">{{cite book|last=King|first=Kendall|title=Language Revitalization Processes and Prospects: Quichua in the Ecuadorian Andes|url=https://archive.org/details/languagerevitali0000king|year=2001|publisher=Multilingual Matters LTD|location=New York|isbn=1-85359-494-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/languagerevitali0000king/page/187 187]–218}}</ref> ==Asia == ==Hebrew == Samfura:Ƙari Farfaɗo da harshen Ibrananci shine kawai misali mai nasara na sake farfado da yaren da ya mutu. Harshen Ibrananci ya tsira har zuwa lokacin tsakiyar zamanai a matsayin harshen liturgy na Yahudawa da adabin rabbi. Tare da hawan sahyoniyanci a karni na 19, an sake farfado da ita a matsayin harshe da ake magana da kuma adabi, da farko ya zama yare da ake magana da shi a tsakanin Yahudawan farko da suka yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na Ottoman kuma sun sami matsayi na hukuma a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin shekarar 1922 na Dokar Burtaniya ga Falasdinu da daga baya na kasar Isra'ila. Sanskrit Samfura:Ƙari an yi yunƙurin sake farfado da Sanskrit a Indiya. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan yunƙurin, babu masu magana da yaren farko na Sanskrit a Indiya. A cikin kowace ƙidayar ƙidayar shekara ta Indiya kwanan nan, 'yan ƙasa dubu da yawa sun ba da rahoton Sanskrit ya zama yarensu na asali. Duk da haka, ana tunanin waɗannan rahotannin suna nuna alamar fata don daidaitawa da martabar harshen, maimakon kasancewa da gaske na nuni da kasancewar dubban masu magana da L1 Sanskrit a Indiya. Haka kuma an sami karuwar abubuwan da ake kira "kauyukan Sanskrit", amma masana sun nuna shakku kan yadda ake magana da harshen Sanskrit da gaske a irin wadannan kauyuka. Soyot Template:Main Yaren Soyot na Soyot masu ƙima a Buryatia, Rasha, ɗaya daga cikin yaren Turkawa na Siberiya, an sake gina shi kuma an buga ƙamus na Soyot-Buryat-Russian a shekara ta 2002. Harshen a halin yanzu ana koyar da shi a wasu makarantun firamare. Aynu Template:Main Harshen Ainu na ƴan asalin Ainu na arewacin Japan a halin yanzu yana ci gaba da tabarbarewa, amma ana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin farfado da shi. Wani bincike na shekarar 2006 na Hokkaido Ainu ya nuna cewa kashi 4.6 cikin 100 na Ainu da aka bincika sun sami damar yin magana a ciki ko "magana kaɗan" Ainu. A shekara ta 2001, ba a koyar da Ainu a kowace makarantun firamare ko sakandare a Japan, amma an ba da shi a cibiyoyin harshe da yawa da jami'o'i a Hokkaido, da kuma Jami'ar Chiba ta Tokyo. Manchu Samfura:Main A kasar Sin, yaren Manchu yana daya daga cikin yarukan da ke cikin hadari, inda masu magana a kananan yankuna uku na Manchuria suka rage. Wasu masu kishin kasa suna kokarin farfado da harshen kakanninsu ta hanyar amfani da kamus da litattafai da ake da su, har ma da ziyartar gundumar Qapqal Xibe mai cin gashin kanta da ke jihar Xinjiang, inda har yanzu ake amfani da yaren Xibe na asali. Armenian Samfura: Babban Yaren Armeniya, musamman na Yaren Armeniya ta Yamma, UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin yaren da ke cikin haɗari yayin da yawancin masu magana da yaren ke zama a cikin al'ummomin da ke nesa da ƙasarsu ta Anatoliya. Duk da haka, an yi ƙoƙari daban-daban don farfado da harshen, musamman a cikin al'ummar Los Angeles inda mafi yawan Armeniyawa na Yamma ke shugabanta. A cikin kundin karatunta, Shushan Karapetian ta yi bayani mai tsawo game da raguwar harshen Armeniya a Amurka, da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da farfado da Armeniya ta Yamma, kamar kafa kwamitin Saroyan ko Kwamitin Kula da Harshen Armeniya, wanda aka kaddamar a shekara ta 2013. Ana iya ganin ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe a cikin Jami'ar California a Irvine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-03 |title=Keeping a language alive |url=https://news.uci.edu/2018/12/03/keeping-a-language-alive/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=UCI News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Other Asian == yunƙurin farfado da Kodrah Kristang a Singapore na neman farfaɗo da ƙazamin Kiristang da ke cikin haɗari. A Tailandia, akwai aikin farfado da harshen Chong, wanda Suwilai Premsrirat ke jagoranta.<ref name=Suwilai>{{cite web |last1=Premsrirat |first1=Suwilai |title=Chong Language Revitalization Project |url=http://www.mekongwatch.org/PDF/Suwilai_Part1.pdf |website=Mekong Watch |publisher=Mahidol University |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref> ==Europe == A Turai, a cikin karni na 19 da farkon 20th, amfani da harsunan gida da na koyo ya ragu yayin da gwamnatocin tsakiya na jihohi daban-daban suka sanya harshensu na yare a matsayin ma'auni a duk lokacin ilimi da kuma amfani da hukuma (haka ya kasance a Birtaniya). Faransa, Spain, Italiya da Girka, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci, a Jamus da Austria-Hungary). [Ana bukatan hujja] A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, kishin ƙasa na gida da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam sun samar da ma'auni na manufofin al'adu da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Turai; An bayyana kakkausar suka kan ayyukan da aka yi a baya na murkushe harsunan yanki ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin kamar "harshe". == Irish == {{Main|Status of the Irish language}} Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun ƙoƙarin Turai na farfado da harshe ya shafi harshen Irish. Yayin da Ingilishi ya mamaye yawancin Ireland, Irish, yaren Celtic, har yanzu ana magana da shi a wasu yankuna da ake kira Gaeltachtaí, amma akwai raguwa sosai. Kalubalen da harshen ya fuskanta a cikin ƴan ƙarnuka da suka gabata sun haɗa da keɓancewa daga muhimman wurare, wulaƙanta zamantakewa, mutuwa ko ƙaura na yawancin masu magana da Irish a lokacin yunwar Irish na shekarun 1840s, da ci gaba da ƙaura tun daga. An yi ƙoƙari don farfado da Irish, duk da haka, daga tsakiyar shekarar 1800s, kuma an danganta su da sha'awar 'yancin siyasar Irish. Farfaɗowar harshen Irish na zamani ya haɗa da koyar da Irish a matsayin yaren dole a manyan makarantun Ingilishi. Amma rashin koyar da shi ta hanya mai inganci da jan hankali yana nufin (kamar yadda masanin ilimin harshe Andrew Carnie ya lura) cewa ɗalibai ba sa samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don dorewar harshen, kuma hakan yana haifar da gundura da bacin rai. Carnie kuma ta lura da rashin kafofin watsa labarai a cikin Irish (a shekarar 2006),<ref name="autogenerated2">Carnie, Andrew. "Modern Irish: Modern Irish: A Case Study in Language Revival Failure." (1995).</ref>duk da ba haka lamarin yake ba. Rushewar Gaeltachtaí da gazawar farfaɗowar da gwamnati ta jagoranta an fuskanci matsalar farfaɗowar birane. Wannan ya dogara ne akan tsarin makaranta mai zaman kansa, wanda aka fi sani da Gaelskoileanna. Waɗannan makarantu suna koyarwa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar Irish kuma adadinsu yana ƙaruwa, tare da irin waɗannan makarantu sama da talatin a Dublin kaɗai. Su ne muhimmin kashi a cikin ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa na masu magana da Irish na birni (wanda aka sani da Gaeilgeoirí), waɗanda suka kasance matasa, masu ilimi da matsakaici. Yanzu yana yiwuwa wannan rukunin ya sami taro mai mahimmanci, gaskiyar da ke nunawa a fadada kafofin watsa labaru na Irish. Talabijin na harshen Irish ya sami nasara ta musamman. An yi iƙirarin cewa sun fi samun ilimi fiye da masu magana da Ingilishi guda ɗaya kuma suna jin daɗin matsayi na zamantakewa.<ref>‘Language and Occupational Status: Linguistic Elitism in the Irish Labour Market,’ The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 40, No. 4, Winter, 2009, pp. 435–460: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eso/journl/v40y2009i4p435-460.html</ref> They yana wakiltar canjin Irish zuwa duniyar birni ta zamani, tare da haɓakar martaba. Scottish Gaelic Har ila yau, akwai yunƙurin sake farfado da harshe mai alaƙa na Scottish Gaelic, wanda aka danne bayan samuwar Ƙasar Ingila, kuma ya shiga ƙara raguwa saboda izinin Highland. A halin yanzu, Gaelic ana magana ne kawai a cikin Tsibirin Yamma da wasu ƙananan yankuna na tsaunuka da tsibirai. Ragewar masu magana da Gaelic masu iya magana ya ragu; duk da haka, cibiyar yawan jama'a ta koma masu magana da L2 a cikin birane, musamman Glasgow.<ref>{{cite news |title=Census shows decline in Gaelic speakers 'slowed' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-24281487 |access-date=23 June 2014 |work=[[BBC News Online]] |date=26 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Alison |last1=Campsie |title=Gaelic speakers map: Where in Scotland is Gaelic thriving? |url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/gaelic-speakers-map-where-in-scotland-is-gaelic-thriving-1-3903467 |access-date=6 April 2017 |work=[[The Scotsman]] |language=en}}</ref> ==Manx == {{Main|Manx language revival}} Wani yaren Celtic, Manx, ya rasa mai magana na ƙarshe a cikin shekara ta 1974 kuma UNESCO ta ayyana bacewa a shekarar 2009, amma bai taɓa faɗuwa daga amfani da shi ba. Harshen yanzu ana koyar da shi a makarantun firamare da sakandare, gami da matsayin hanyar koyarwa a Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, ana amfani da shi a wasu al'amuran jama'a kuma kusan mutane 1800 suna magana a matsayin yare na biyu. Ƙoƙarin farfadowa sun haɗa da nunin rediyo a cikin Manx Gaelic da kafofin watsa labarun da albarkatun kan layi. Gwamnatin Manx ta kuma shiga cikin ƙoƙarin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi irin su Manx Heritage Foundation (Culture Vannin) da matsayi na Jami'in Harshe na Manx. Gwamnati ta fitar da Dabarun Harshen Manx na shekara ta 2017 zuwa shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437 |title=Lifelines for indigenous languages {{!}} The World Weekly |website=www.theworldweekly.com |access-date=2018-01-06 |archive-date=2018-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107232933/https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Cornish == An yi yunƙuri da dama don farfado da harshen Masarauta, na sirri da wasu a ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwar Harshen Masara. Wasu ayyukan sun haɗa da fassarar nassosin Kirista, ƙungiyar bariki,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |title=Guild of Bards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706051224/http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |archive-date=2009-07-06 |website=[[Gorseth Kernow]]}}</ref> da kuma haɓaka adabin Masarawa a cikin Masarautar zamani, gami da litattafai da wakoki. ==Breton == {{Main|Breton language#Revival efforts}} ==Caló == Romani da ya isa yankin Iberian ya haɓaka yaren Romani na Iberian. Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, Romani ya daina zama cikakken harshe kuma ya zama Caló, wanda ba zai iya haɗa nahawu na Romance na Iberian da ƙamus na Romani ba. Tare da zama da koyarwar wajibi a cikin yarukan hukuma, Calo ana amfani da ƙasa da ƙasa. Kamar yadda Iberian Romani daidai yake bacewa kuma kamar yadda Caló ke cikin haɗari, wasu mutane suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harshen. Dan siyasar Sipaniya Juan de Dios Ramírez Heredia yana haɓaka Romanò-Kalò, bambance-bambancen Romani na Duniya, waɗanda kalmomin Calo suka wadatar. Manufarsa ita ce sake haɗa tushen Calo da Romani. == Livonian == {{Main|Livonian language revival}} Harshen Livonian, yaren Finnic, wanda aka taɓa yin magana game da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin Latvia na zamani, ya mutu a ƙarni na 21 tare da mutuwar mai magana ta ƙarshe Grizelda Kristiņa a ranar 2 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2013. A yau akwai kusan mutane 210 galibi suna zaune a ciki. Latvia waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin Livonian kuma suna magana da yaren akan matakin A1-A2 bisa ga Tsarin Tsarin Harsuna na gama gari na Turai da tsakanin mutane 20 zuwa 40 waɗanda ke magana da yaren akan matakin B1 zuwa sama. A yau duk masu magana suna koyon Livonian a matsayin harshe na biyu. Akwai shirye-shirye daban-daban da ke ilmantar da mutanen Latvia kan al'adun gargajiya da na harshe na Livonians da kuma cewa yawancin Latvia suna da zuriyar Livonian gama gari. Shirye-shiryen da ya kamata a ambata sun haɗa da: Livones.net tare da cikakkun bayanai game da harshe, tarihi da al'adu Cibiyar Livonian ta Jami'ar Latvia tana yin bincike a kan yaren Livonian, sauran yarukan Finnic a Latvia da kuma samar da ƙamus na Livonian-Latvia-Estoniya mai fa'ida tare da raguwa/conjugations. Virtual Livonia tana ba da bayanai kan yaren Livonian musamman nahawunsa Mierlinkizt: Sansanin bazara na shekara-shekara don yara don koya wa yara game da yaren Livonian, al'adu da sauransu. Līvõd Īt (Ƙungiyar Livonian) Gadon harshe da al'adun Livonian yana cikin kundin al'adun Latvia kuma kariya, farfaɗowa da haɓaka Livonian kamar yadda dokar Latvia ta ba da garantin yare na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=14740 |title=Valsts valodas likums |trans-title=State Language Law |language=lv |website=LIKUMI.LV}}</ref> ==Old Prussian == Wasu 'yan masana ilimin harshe da masu ilimin falsafa suna da hannu wajen farfado da wani nau'i na tsohon Prussian da aka sake ginawa daga catechisms na Luther, Kalmomin Elbing, sunayen wuri, da kalmomin lamuni na Prussian a cikin Low Prussian yare na Jamusanci. Mutane da yawa dozin suna amfani da yaren a Lithuania, Kaliningrad, da Poland, haɗe da ƴan yara da suke yare biyu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szatkowski |first1=Piotr |title=Language practices in a family of Prussian language revivalists: Conclusions based on short-term participants observation |journal=Pismo Humanistów |date=2021 |volume=18 |issue=2626 |doi=10.11649/a.0000 |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Prusaspira ta buga fassarar su ta Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince. Piotr Szatkowski (Pīteris Šātkis) ne ya fassara littafin kuma aka sake shi a cikin shekarar 2015. Sauran ƙoƙarin al'ummomin Baltic Prussian sun haɗa da haɓaka ƙamus na kan layi, aikace-aikacen koyo da wasanni. Hakanan an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don samar da kiɗa tare da rubutattun waƙoƙi a cikin yaren Baltic Prussian da aka farfado, musamman a cikin Kaliningrad Oblast na Romowe Rikoito, Kellan da Āustras Laīwan, amma kuma a cikin Lithuania ta Kūlgrinda a cikin kundi na shekarar 2005 Prūsų Giesmės (Prussian) Hymės (Prussian) , kuma a cikin Latvia na Rasa Ensemble a cikin shekara ta 1988 da Valdis Muktupāvels a cikin oratorio na shekarar 2005 "Pārcēlātājs Pontifex" wanda ke nuna sassa da yawa da aka rera a cikin Prussian..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oratorio |url=http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/prussian/oratorio.htm |access-date=29 August 2014}}</ref> Muhimmi a cikin wannan farkawa shine Vytautas Mažiulis, wanda ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Afrilun shekarar 2009, da almajirinsa Letas Palmaitis, shugaban gwaji kuma marubucin gidan yanar gizon Prussian Reconstructions. Masu ba da gudummawa biyu marigayi sune Prāncis Arellis (Pranciškus Erelis), Lithuania, da Dailūns Russinis (Dailonis Rusiņš), Latvia. Bayan su, Twankstas Glabbis daga yankin Kaliningrad da Nērtiks Pamedīns daga Gabas-Prussia, yanzu Yaren mutanen Poland Warmia-Mazuria sun shiga ƙwazo..{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} ==Yola == Ƙungiyar farfaɗo da harshen Yola ta bunƙasa a Wexford a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma cibiyar albarkatun "Gabble Ing Yola" na kayan Yola ta ce akwai kusan masu magana da harshen Yola kusan 140 a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How many speakers of Yola are there now? |url=https://sites.google.com/view/gabble-ing-yola/faq?authuser=0#h.l4sh1vo1baxr |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=google |language=en}}</ref> == Oceania == ==Australia == Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ostiraliya, da kuma irin barnar da al'ummomin Aborijin suka yi, sun yi mummunar tasiri a kan harsunan asali, musamman a kudu maso gabas da kudancin kasar, wanda ya bar wasu ba su da masu magana na gargajiya. Yawancin al'ummomin Aboriginal a Victoria da sauran wurare yanzu suna ƙoƙarin farfado da wasu daga cikin waɗannan harsuna. gungun dattawan Aboriginal da sauran mutane masu ilimi ne ke jagorantar aikin, tare da ma'aikatan harshen al'umma suna yin mafi yawan bincike da koyarwa. Suna nazarin bayanan, haɓaka tsarin rubutun kalmomi da ƙamus da shirya albarkatu. Ana yin shawarwari tare da haɗin gwiwa. Wasu al'ummomi suna ɗaukar masana harshe, kuma akwai kuma masana ilimin harshe waɗanda suka yi aiki da kansu, kamar Luise Hercus da Peter K. Austin. A jihar Queensland, ana kokarin koyar da wasu harsunan ‘yan asalin kasar a makarantu da kuma samar da bita ga manya. Sama da harsuna 150 aka taba yin magana a cikin jihar, amma a yau kasa da 20 ake magana da su a matsayin harshen farko, kuma kasa da kashi biyu cikin dari na makarantu suna koyar da kowane yare na asali. Harshen Gunggari harshe ɗaya ne da ake farfaɗo da shi, inda ya rage masu jin harsuna uku kawai. A cikin Yankin Arewa, aikin Pertame misali ne a tsakiyar Ostiraliya. Pertame, daga ƙasar kudancin Alice Springs, tare da Kogin Finke, yare ne a cikin rukunin harsunan Arrernte. Tare da ƙwararrun masu magana guda 20 kawai da suka rage zuwa shekara ta 2018, Pertame Project yana neman riƙewa da farfado da harshen, wanda dattijon Pertame Christobel Swan ke jagoranta. A arewa mai nisa na Kudancin Ostiraliya, harshen Diyari yana da shiri mai aiki da aiki, tare da kayan aikin koyarwa a makarantu da sauran al'umma. Har ila yau, a Kudancin Ostiraliya, akwai wata ƙungiya a Jami'ar Adelaide da ke koyarwa da kuma inganta amfani da harshen Kaurna, wanda Rob Amery ke jagoranta, wanda ya samar da littattafai da kayan aiki da yawa. Sashen Ilimi da Horarwa na Victoria ya ba da rahoton rajistar ɗalibai 1,867 a makarantu 14 waɗanda ke ba da Shirin Harsunan Aboriginal a cikin jihar Victoria a cikin shekara ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2019 |title=Languages Provision in Victorian Government Schools, 2018 |url=https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |access-date=April 23, 2021 |publisher=State of Victoria (Department of Education and Training) |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423055707/https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==New Zealand == {{Further|Māori language revival}} Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun shari'o'in nasarar dangi a cikin farfaɗowar harshe shine batun Maori, wanda kuma aka sani da te reo Māori. Harshen kakanni na ƴan asalin ƙasar Maori na New Zealand ne kuma abin hawa don ba da labari, waƙoƙin waƙa, da karanta zuriyarsu. Ana koyar da tarihin mutanen Maori a cikin Maori a cikin gidajen koyo masu tsarki ta hanyar watsawa ta baki. Ko bayan Maori ya zama rubutaccen harshe, an kiyaye al'adar baka.<ref name="senft">{{cite book|last=Senft|first=Gunter|title=Endangered Austronesian and Australian Aboriginal Languages|year=2010|publisher=Pacific Linguistics|location=Canberra|isbn=9780858836235|pages=185–192}}</ref> Da zarar Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara, an kafa dokoki da yawa don inganta amfani da Ingilishi akan Maori a tsakanin ƴan asali. Dokar Dokar Ilimi ta a shekarar 1847 ta ba da umarnin koyarwa a makaranta cikin Ingilishi da kuma kafa makarantun allo don hanzarta haɗa matasan Maori cikin al'adun Turai. Dokar Makaranta ta a shekarar 1858 ta hana Māori magana a makarantu. A cikin shekarun 1970, gungun matasan Maori, Ngā Tamatoa, sun yi nasarar yakin neman koyar da Maori a makarantu. Har ila yau, an kafa Kōhanga Reo, makarantun preschool na harshen Māori, da ake kira nests harshe. An ba da fifiko kan koyar da yara harshe tun suna ƙanana, dabara mai inganci don koyon harshe. An kafa Hukumar Harshen Maori a shekara ta 1987, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da dama na kasa da nufin farfado da Maori. Sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen watsa labarai da ake watsawa a cikin Maori, shirye-shiryen koleji na farko da ake koyarwa a Maori, da kuma mako na harshen Maori na shekara-shekara. Kowace iwi (kabila) ta ƙirƙiri shirin tsara harshe wanda ya dace da takamaiman yanayinsa. Wannan yunƙurin ya haifar da ƙaruwar yaran da ake koyarwa a Maori a makarantu tun daga shekara ta 1996.<ref name=senft /> == Hawaiian == {{Main|Hawaiian language}} A shida daga cikin tsibirai bakwai na Hawai da ake zaune, Turancin Ingilishi ya ƙauracewa Hawaiian kuma yanzu ba a amfani da shi azaman harshen sadarwa na yau da kullun. Banda haka shi ne Niʻihau, inda Bahaushe ba a taɓa yin hijira ba, ba a taɓa yin haɗari ba, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi kusan keɓe. Kokarin farfado da harshen ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Makarantun nutsar da harshen Hawaiyan yanzu suna buɗe wa yaran da iyalansu ke son riƙe (ko gabatar da) harshen Hawai zuwa tsara na gaba. Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na gida yana da ɗan gajeren sashi mai taken "kalmar Hawai na rana". Bugu da ƙari, bugu na Lahadi na Honolulu Star-Bulletin da magajinsa, Honolulu Star- Advertiser, ya ƙunshi ɗan taƙaitaccen labarin da ake kira Kauakūkalahale, wanda ɗalibi ya rubuta gaba ɗaya cikin harshen Hawaii.<ref>Wilson, W. H.; Kamanä, K. (2001). Mai loko mai o ka 'i'ini: Proceeding from a dream: The Aha Pûnana Leo connection in Hawaiian language revitalization. In L. Hinton & K. Hale (eds.). ''The green book of language revitalization in practice''. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp. 147–177.</ref> == Ƙoƙarin farfadowa na yanzu == Language revitalization efforts are ongoing around the world. Revitalization teams are utilizing modern technologies to increase contact with indigenous languages and to record [[traditional knowledge]]. ==Mexico == A Meziko, yaren mutanen Mixtec ya ta'allaka ne akan hulɗar yanayi, yanayi, da kuma abin da yake nufi ga rayuwarsu [Ana bukatan hujja]. Shirin LINKS na UNESCO (ilimin gida da na asali) kwanan nan ya gudanar da wani aiki don ƙirƙirar ƙamus na Mixtec kalmomi da jimloli masu alaƙa da yanayi. UNESCO ta yi imanin cewa ilimin gargajiya na mutanen Mixtec ta hanyar zurfin alaƙarsu da abubuwan yanayi na iya ba da haske kan hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi. Manufar su na samar da ƙamus shine su "samar da tattaunawa tsakanin masana da masu ilimin gargajiya".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Morales|first=Aracely Torres|date=January–March 2019|title=Ndejama cuia chi ini zaza: Mexico's Mixtec people know how to speak the language of nature|url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf|journal=The UNESCO Courier|pages=9|doi=10.18356/885fb3d6-en }}</ref> ==Canada == In Kanada, aikin Wapikoni Mobile yana tafiya zuwa al'ummomin asali kuma yana ba da darussan yin fim. Shugabannin shirye-shiryen suna tafiya a cikin Kanada tare da sassan samarwa na audiovisual na wayar hannu, kuma suna da nufin samarwa matasa 'yan asalin hanyar hanyar haɗi da al'adun su ta hanyar fim ɗin zaɓin da suka zaɓa. Shirin Wapikona yana gabatar da fina-finansa ga abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya a matsayin ƙoƙari na yada ilimin al'adu da harshe na asali..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Saturnin |date=January–March 2019 |title=Manon Barbeau: A Camera in Her Heart |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=10–12 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Chile == Daga cikin matasa a Rapa Nui (Easter Island), kashi goma cikin dari suna koyon yaren uwa. Sauran al'umma sun karɓi Mutanen Espanya don sadarwa tare da ƙasashen waje da tallafawa masana'antar yawon shakatawa. Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin UNESCO da Chilean Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indigena, an ƙirƙiri Sashen Harshe da Al'adu na Rapa Nui a Makarantar Lorenzo Baeza Vega. Tun shekarar 1990, sashen ya ƙirƙiri rubutun ilimin firamare a cikin yaren Rapa Nui. A cikin shekara t2017, Nid Rapa Nui, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma an ƙirƙira da manufar kafa makarantar da ke koyar da kwasa-kwasan gabaɗaya a Rapa Nui.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sopova |first1=Jasmina |last2=Ortega |first2=Carolina |date=January–March 2019 |title=Rapa Nui: Back from the Brink |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=13–15 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Amfanin kiwon lafiya na farfado da harshe == An danganta farfaɗo da harshe da ƙarin sakamakon kiwon lafiya ga al'ummomin ƴan asalin da ke da hannu wajen maido da harshen gargajiya. Fa'idodin sun fito ne daga ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali ga membobin al'umma, haɓaka alaƙa da al'adu, ainihi, da ma'anar gaba ɗaya. Harsunan ƴan asali ginshiƙi ne a cikin samuwar ainihi, suna ba da hanyoyin bayyana al'adu, hukuma, alaƙar ruhi da kakanni. Ana ɗaukar haɗin kai da al'adu a matsayin muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka yara, kuma haƙƙi ne na yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children |url=http://www.unicef.org.au/Our-Work/Information-For-Children/UN-Convention-on-the-Rights-of-the-Child |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=[[UNICEF]] |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817004621/https://www.unicef.org.au/our-work/information-for-children/un-convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamar yadda ake aiwatar da mulkin mallaka da kuma ilimin harshe na gaba ta hanyar manufofi irin su waɗanda suka haifar da Ƙarni na Sata na Australiya sun lalata wannan haɗin. An ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance ɓarna tsakanin tsararraki da aka yi. Masu bincike a Jami'ar Adelaide da Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya da Lafiya ta Kudancin Australia sun gano cewa farfado da harshe na harsunan Aborigin yana da alaƙa da ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken a cikin Barngarla Community a Kudancin Ostiraliya ya kasance yana kallon cikakkiyar fa'idodin sake fasalin harshe, warkar da tabo na tunani da tunani, da gina alaƙa ga al'umma da ƙasa waɗanda ke haifar da lafiya da lafiya. Binciken ya gano alaƙar mutanen Barngarla da harshensu a matsayin wani abu mai ƙarfi na haɓaka ingantaccen al'adu da na sirri; mutane suna da alaƙa da harshe kamar yadda suke da al'ada, kuma al'ada ita ce mabuɗin sanin su. Wasu masu goyon bayan sun yi iƙirarin cewa sake fasalin harshe wani nau'i ne na ƙarfafawa da kuma gina ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa tare da al'umma da gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/living-languages |title=Living languages |website=AIATSIS |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> == Suka == [[John McWhorter|J]]Ohn McWhorter ya yi iƙirarin cewa shirye-shiryen farfado da harsunan asali ba za su taɓa yin tasiri sosai ba saboda matsalolin aiki da ke tattare da su. Ya kuma yi nuni da cewa, mutuwar harshe ba wai yana nufin mutuwar al’ada ba. Har ila yau furcin ƴan asalin yana yiwuwa ko da asalin harshen ya ɓace, kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka da kuma tabbatar da ƙarfin al'adun baƙar fata a Amurka, a tsakanin mutanen da ba Yarabanci ba amma Ingilishi. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa mutuwar harshe, abin ban mamaki, alama ce ta ƙaura da raba sararin samaniya: "Don kiyaye harsuna daban-daban a cikin tsararraki suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin wariyar kai da ba a saba gani ba - kamar na Amish-ko wariya.".<ref>{{cite journal | last=McWhorter | first=John | title=The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English | journal=World Affairs | publisher=Sage Publications, Inc. | volume=172 | issue=2 | year=2009 | issn=00438200 | jstor=20671445 | pages=61–68 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20671445 | access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref> [[Kenan Malik]]<nowiki/>ya kuma bayar da hujjar cewa "rashin hankali" ne a yi kokarin kiyaye dukkan harsunan duniya, saboda mutuwar harshe dabi'a ce kuma a yawancin lokuta ba makawa, ko da tare da shiga tsakani. Ya ba da shawarar cewa mutuwar harshe yana inganta sadarwa ta hanyar tabbatar da ƙarin mutane suna magana da harshe ɗaya. Wannan na iya amfanar tattalin arziki kuma ya rage rikici.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11304255 |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Are dying languages worth saving? |date=15 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021204090815/http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 4, 2002 |title=Let Them Die |first=Kenan |last=Malik |work=[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect]] |date=November 20, 2000 <!-- original publication: http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/letthemdie/ -->}}</ref> Kare tsirarun harsuna daga ɓarkewa galibi ba damuwa ba ne ga masu magana da harshen da ya mamaye. Sau da yawa ana samun kyama da zalunci da gangan ga ƙananan harsuna, don dacewa da al'ada da tattalin arzikin ƙungiyoyin tsiraru..<ref>Ellis, Peter Berresford. 1985. The Celtic Revolution: A Study in Anti-imperialism. Talybont: Y Lolfa.</ref>A wasu lokuta gwamnatoci suna ganin cewa farashin shirye-shiryen farfado da samar da kayan masarufi daban-daban ya yi yawa ba za su iya ɗauka ba on.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. 158-159. Print.</ref> == Duba == * [[:Category:Language activists]] * [[Contemporary Latin]] * [[Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation]] * [[Endangered languages]] * [[Language documentation]] * [[Language nest]] * [[Language planning]] * [[Language policy]] * [[Linguistic purism]] * [[Minority language]] * [[Regional language]] * [[Rosetta Project]] * [[Sacred language]] * [[Second-language acquisition]] * [[Treasure language]] * [[Languages in censuses]] == Ayyukan dijital da wuraren ajiya == *[[Lingua Libre]] − a [[FLOSS|libre]] online tool used to record words and phrases of any language (thousands of recordings have already been done in endangered languages like [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], and are all available on [[c:Category:Lingua Libre pronunciation|Wikimedia Commons]]) *[[Tatoeba]] contains example sentences with translations in dozens of endangered languages, including [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Basque language|Basque]] and [[Cornish language|Cornish]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of sentences per language - Tatoeba |url=https://tatoeba.org/en/stats/sentences_by_language |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=tatoeba.org}}</ref> *The [[Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages ]] − contains works in endangered languages of the [[Northern Territory]], Australia ==Kungiyoyi== * [[Foundation for Endangered Languages]] * [[The Language Conservancy]] * [[Pūnana Leo]], Hawaiian language schools * [[Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity]] * [[Culture Vannin]], Manx Gaelic language organization * [[SIL International]] ==Jeri== * [[Lists of endangered languages]] * [[List of endangered languages with mobile apps]] * [[Lists of extinct languages]] * [[List of language regulators]] * [[List of revived languages]] == Bayanan kula == {{notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * Grenoble, L. A. and Whaley, L. J. (1998). ''Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response''. Cambridge University Press. ({{ISBN|0-521-59712-9}}) * Nettle, D. and Romaine, S. (2000). ''Vanishing Voices''. Oxford University Press. ({{ISBN|0-19-515246-8}}) * Reyhner, J. (ed.) (1999). ''Revitalizing indigenous languages''. Flagstaff, AZ : Northern Arizona University, Center for Excellence in Education. ({{ISBN|0-9670554-0-7}}) *Bastardas-Boada, A. (2019). ''[https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/196101 From language shift to language revitalization and sustainability. A complexity approach to linguistic ecology]''. Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona. ({{ISBN|978-84-9168-316-2}}) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{External links|date=January 2017}} == Ƙungiyoyi == * [https://www.firstlanguages.org.au/ First Languages Australia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101012205100/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/enduring-voices Enduring Voices Project], ''[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]'' * [http://www.livingtongues.org/hotspots.html Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages] * [http://www.hrelp.org Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729162403/http://www.hrelp.org/ |date=2012-07-29 }} * [http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/ Google Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/colloques/3l_2012/index.asp?Langues=EN&Page=Home Fourth International 3L Summer School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205112837/http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/colloques/3l_2012/index.asp?Langues=EN&Page=Home |date=2021-12-05 }} * [http://www.rnld.org/ Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315144039/http://www.rnld.org/ |date=2015-03-15 }} * [http://www.oralliterature.org/ World Oral Literature Project, Voices of Vanishing Worlds] == Kanada == * {{Cite web |title=RPM YouTube Playlist – "Revitalization" |work=RPM.fm |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134516/http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |url-status=dead }} == Amurka == * [[Documenting Endangered Languages]], [https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12816&org=BCS Documenting Endangered Languages (DEL) (Archived program)] ''[[National Science Foundation]]'' * [http://www.saivus.org Society to Advance Indigenous Vernaculars of the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227063740/http://www.saivus.org/ |date=2012-02-27 }}, (Savius.org) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171024043330/http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/resources/focus-groups/revitalizationprograms/ Programs Concerned with Alaska Native Language (ANL) Revitalization] * {{Cite web |title=The Young Ancestors, Camino Verite Films |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420081338/http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-date=2018-04-20 |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Patia |title=Language 911: UM helps rescue fading indigenous voices |work=Vision, Research, Scholarship & Innovation, The University of Montana |access-date=2012-08-08 |year=2006 |url=http://www2.umt.edu/urelations/vision/2007/13language.htm}} ==California == * [http://aicls.org/ Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival] * [http://www.ilinative.org/ Indigenous Language Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517154720/http://www.ilinative.org/ |date=2012-05-17 }} * [http://www.liveyourlanguagealliance.org/ Live Your Language Alliance (LYLA)] "It is the desire of the Live Your Language Alliance to hear and speak the traditional languages of the [[Tolowa language|Tolowa]], [[Karuk language|Karuk]], [[Yurok language|Yurok]], [[Hupa language|Hupa]], [[Tsnungwe]], [[Wiyot language|Wiyot]], [[Mattole]], and [[Eel River Athapaskan peoples|Wailaki]]." * {{Cite news |last=Agha |first=Marisa |title=Language preservation helps American Indian students stick with college |work=[[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date=2012-08-08 |date=2012-03-18 |url=http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010033611/http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |url-status=dead }} ==Fasaha == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwLNc-QFUlE&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=1&feature=plcp Recording your elder/Native speaker], practical vocal recording tips for non-professionals * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAUgc5hHAHU&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=9&feature=plcp Learning indigenous languages on Nintendo] * [http://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ Texting endangered languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525143823/https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ |date=2017-05-25 }} * [http://www.firstvoices.com/en/apps First Nations endangered languages chat applications] * [http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/dobesprogramme/ DOBES Documentation of Endangered Languages] == Dabaru == * {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20121128011323/http://www.kawaiisu.org/KLCC_service.html Kawaiisu Language and Cultural Center training]}} * [http://aicls.org/ Pointers on How to Learn Your Language] (scroll to link on page) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306100131/http://www.aicls.org/breathoflife/talks.php Do-it-yourself grammar and reading in your language], Breath of Life 2010 presentations * [http://www.languagehunters.org/ Language Hunters] * [http://www.whereareyourkeys.org/ Where Are Your Keys] * [http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ Lost Words - The Documentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627223026/http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ |date=2014-06-27 }}, covers Dr. Stephen Greymorning's Accelerated Second Language Learning {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Language Revitalization}} [[Category:Language revival| ]] [[Category:Linguistic purism]] [[Category:Linguistic rights]] [[Category:Endangered languages]] gomo04tzhkttztuqdq34drquodivdss 0 71960 975239 477029 2026-11-02T17:11:44Z Nura Bello 24854 975239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Hany Ramzy 4.png|thumb|Hany Ramzy]] '''Hani Ramzi''' (Arabic; An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga Oktoba a shekarar 1964) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Masar kuma ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a Masar. == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Hany Ramzy 3.png|thumb|Hany Ramzy]] Hani Ramzy wanda aka haife shi a Alexandria, <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swYvro8pbKI|title=برنامج دارك الحلقه الثامنه / ضيوف الحلقه هانى رامزى - دوللى شاهين|work=Comedyah|language=Arabic|date=2 October 2013}}</ref> ya girma a Beni Mazar, Gwamnatin Minya. Daga baya, ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Kasuwanci, Jami'ar Alkahira, sannan ya shiga Cibiyar Ayyuka. Farkonsa ya kasance tare da takobi guda ɗaya a cikin wasan kwaikwayon Ana ayza milionaire marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Yusri El-Ebyari sannan tare da Mohamed Sobhi ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayi ''Takharif'' da ''Weghat Nazar'', ya kuma shiga cikin matsayi da yawa sannan ya fito a cikin jerin fina-finai. An haifi Hany Adel Ramzy a garin Minya, mahaifinsa lauya ne. Ramzy auri wata mace daga Asyut, Mona Mohab kuma suna da yara maza 2 tare, Shady da Jesse.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.57357.com/2014/comedianactor-hany-ramzy-compassion-devotion-and-recovering-children-made-me-feel-that-god-is-present-in-this-place/ |title=Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE 57357) |publisher=57357.com |date=2014-04-06 |accessdate=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2017-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102081904/http://www.57357.com/2014/comedianactor-hany-ramzy-compassion-devotion-and-recovering-children-made-me-feel-that-god-is-present-in-this-place/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Fina-finai == * ''[[Nasiru 56|Nasser 56]]'' 1995 (Naser 56) * ''Se'idi Fi El Gam'ah El Amrikiyyah'' 1998. (Masar Sama A Jami'ar Amurka) * ''Fer'et Banat W Bass'' 1999 (Ƙungiyar 'yan mata kawai) * ''Wa La Fi El Neyyah Ab'a?'' 1999 (Kuma Babu niyyar Kasancewa?) * ''El-Hobb El-Awwal'' 2000 (Ƙaunar Farko) * ''Etfarrag Ya Salam'' 2001 (Watch Wow) * ''Gawaz Be Qarar Gomhori'' 2001 (Auren da Shugaban kasa ya yanke) * ''Se'idi Rayeh Jayy'' 2001 (Upper Egyptian To And Fro) * ''Mohami Khol''' 2002 (Lokacin Kisan aure) * Ayez Haqqi 2003 (Ina son Kasuwanci na) * ''Ghabi Mennoh Fih'' 2004 (Stupid Daga Shi A Shi) * ''El-Sayyed Abu-El-Arabi Wasal'' 2005 (Mister Abu-El'Arabi Reached) * ''Zaza'' 2006 (Zaza) * ''Asad W Arba' Otat'' 2007 (Zaki da Cats huɗu) * Nems Bond 2008 (Nems Bond) * ''El Ragel El Ghamed Be Salamtoh'' 2010 (Mutumin da ya dace da shi) * ''Sami oxid El-Carbon'' 2011 (Sami Oxide Of Carbon) * ''Tom We Jemi'' 2013 (Tom da Jemi) * Nom El Talat 2015 (Rashin Talata) == Talabijin == * ''Hawl Al Alam'' 1986 (A kusa da Duniya) * ''Alef Lilah W Lilah'' 1986 (Dubban da Ɗaya daga cikin dare) * ''El Les Ellazi Ohebboh'' 1997 (The Thief Whom I Love) * ''Mabruk Galak Ala''' 2006 (Godiya da Ka Damu) * ''Esabet Mama W Papa'' 2009 (Gang Of Mama And Papa) * ''Bayar da Aris'' 2011 (Bayar da Groom) * ''Ebn El Nezam'' 2012 (Ɗan Tsarin Mulki) * El ''Lela Di'' 2012-2013 (Wannan Dare) * ''Nazaryet El Gawafa'' 2013 (Ka'idar Guava) * El ''Aris Raqam 13'' 2014 (Groom Number 13) * El ''Shohrah'' 2014 (Shahuri) * ''Hobot Idterari'' 2015 (Hotunawa ta tilas) * ''Hany Fi El Adghal'' 2016 (Hany A cikin daji) == Murya == A cikin Larabci: * Labarin Abin takaici 1995 * Labarin Abin takaici 2 1999 * ''Ramadona'' 2011 == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == * ''Koll Marra Ashofak Fiha (Kowace Lokacin da na gan ka) '' * ''Takharif (Fables) '' * ''Weghet Nazar (Ma'anar Bayani) '' * ''Keda Okkeh (Don haka, Ok) '' * ''Alabanda (Ga Band) '' * ''Afrotto'' 1999 (''Aljanin) '' * ''Ana Ayza Miliyanari (Ina son Miliyanari) '' == Nuni == Hani ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a Ramadan. Ya gayyaci fitattun Larabawa kuma ya yi kamar an gayyace su zuwa wani taro sannan daga baya ya shiga jirgin sama mai zaman kansa amma yana amfani da abubuwan da jirgin zai iya kammalawa lafiya don tsoratar da fitattun, ya yi kamar za su mutu sannan ya sauka su. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ne ke kewaye da su wadanda suka san wasan kwaikwayo. An yi wannan wasan kwaikwayon a cikin 2015. A cikin 2016, Hani ya kuma fara sabon wasan kwaikwayon mai suna ("هانىhala الادayi", Hani a cikin daji), Hany ya yaudari wasu fitattun Larabawa zuwa Afirka ta Kudu don kwarewa mai ban mamaki. Amma shahararrun suna jin tsoro da zakuna masu tsalle da macizai a cikin akwatin sannan ake cinye direban. An kuma yi wannan a cikin Ramadan. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.elcinema.com/en/person/pr1097878/biography Hany Ramzy] a Cinema.com * {{IMDb name|1649909}} * [https://ar-ar.facebook.com/egyfilm.Hany.Ramzy/ Shafin Facebook na Hany Ramzy] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1964]] dnmtpjaw8ifit8q9cfoeqiwjfwmtkd1 975240 975239 2026-11-02T17:13:36Z Nura Bello 24854 975240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Hany Ramzy 4.png|thumb|Hany Ramzy]] '''Hani Ramzi''' (Arabic; An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga Oktoba a shekarar 1964) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Masar kuma ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a Masar. == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Hany Ramzy 3.png|thumb|Hany Ramzy]] Hani Ramzy wanda aka haife shi a Alexandria, <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swYvro8pbKI|title=برنامج دارك الحلقه الثامنه / ضيوف الحلقه هانى رامزى - دوللى شاهين|work=Comedyah|language=Arabic|date=2 October 2013}}</ref> ya girma a Beni Mazar, Gwamnatin Minya. Daga baya, ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Kasuwanci, Jami'ar Alkahira, sannan ya shiga Cibiyar Ayyuka. Farkonsa ya kasance tare da takobi guda ɗaya a cikin wasan kwaikwayon Ana ayza milionaire marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Yusri El-Ebyari sannan tare da Mohamed Sobhi ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayi ''Takharif'' da ''Weghat Nazar'', ya kuma shiga cikin matsayi da yawa sannan ya fito a cikin jerin fina-finai. An haifi Hany Adel Ramzy a garin Minya, mahaifinsa lauya ne. Ramzy auri wata mace daga Asyut, Mona Mohab kuma suna da yara maza 2 tare, Shady da Jesse.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.57357.com/2014/comedianactor-hany-ramzy-compassion-devotion-and-recovering-children-made-me-feel-that-god-is-present-in-this-place/ |title=Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE 57357) |publisher=57357.com |date=2014-04-06 |accessdate=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2017-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102081904/http://www.57357.com/2014/comedianactor-hany-ramzy-compassion-devotion-and-recovering-children-made-me-feel-that-god-is-present-in-this-place/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Fina-finai == * ''[[Nasiru 56|Nasser 56]]'' 1995 (Naser 56) * ''Se'idi Fi El Gam'ah El Amrikiyyah'' 1998. (Masar Sama A Jami'ar Amurka) * ''Fer'et Banat W Bass'' 1999 (Ƙungiyar 'yan mata kawai) * ''Wa La Fi El Neyyah Ab'a?'' 1999 (Kuma Babu niyyar Kasancewa?) * ''El-Hobb El-Awwal'' 2000 (Ƙaunar Farko) * ''Etfarrag Ya Salam'' 2001 (Watch Wow) * ''Gawaz Be Qarar Gomhori'' 2001 (Auren da Shugaban kasa ya yanke) * ''Se'idi Rayeh Jayy'' 2001 (Upper Egyptian To And Fro) * ''Mohami Khol''' 2002 (Lokacin Kisan aure) * Ayez Haqqi 2003 (Ina son Kasuwanci na) * ''Ghabi Mennoh Fih'' 2004 (Stupid Daga Shi A Shi) * ''El-Sayyed Abu-El-Arabi Wasal'' 2005 (Mister Abu-El'Arabi Reached) * ''Zaza'' 2006 (Zaza) * ''Asad W Arba' Otat'' 2007 (Zaki da Cats huɗu) * Nems Bond 2008 (Nems Bond) * ''El Ragel El Ghamed Be Salamtoh'' 2010 (Mutumin da ya dace da shi) * ''Sami oxid El-Carbon'' 2011 (Sami Oxide Of Carbon) * ''Tom We Jemi'' 2013 (Tom da Jemi) * Nom El Talat 2015 (Rashin Talata) == Talabijin == * ''Hawl Al Alam'' 1986 (A kusa da Duniya) * ''Alef Lilah W Lilah'' 1986 (Dubban da Ɗaya daga cikin dare) * ''El Les Ellazi Ohebboh'' 1997 (The Thief Whom I Love) * ''Mabruk Galak Ala''' 2006 (Godiya da Ka Damu) * ''Esabet Mama W Papa'' 2009 (Gang Of Mama And Papa) * ''Bayar da Aris'' 2011 (Bayar da Groom) * ''Ebn El Nezam'' 2012 (Ɗan Tsarin Mulki) * El ''Lela Di'' 2012-2013 (Wannan Dare) * ''Nazaryet El Gawafa'' 2013 (Ka'idar Guava) * El ''Aris Raqam 13'' 2014 (Groom Number 13) * El ''Shohrah'' 2014 (Shahuri) * ''Hobot Idterari'' 2015 (Hotunawa ta tilas) * ''Hany Fi El Adghal'' 2016 (Hany A cikin daji) == Murya == A cikin Larabci: * Labarin Abin takaici 1995 * Labarin Abin takaici 2 1999 * ''Ramadona'' 2011 == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == * ''Koll Marra Ashofak Fiha (Kowace Lokacin da na gan ka) '' * ''Takharif (Fables) '' * ''Weghet Nazar (Ma'anar Bayani) '' * ''Keda Okkeh (Don haka, Ok) '' * ''Alabanda (Ga Band) '' * ''Afrotto'' 1999 (''Aljanin) '' * ''Ana Ayza Miliyanari (Ina son Miliyanari) '' == Nuni == Hani ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a Ramadan. Ya gayyaci fitattun Larabawa kuma ya yi kamar an gayyace su zuwa wani taro sannan daga baya ya shiga jirgin sama mai zaman kansa amma yana amfani da abubuwan da jirgin zai iya kammalawa lafiya don tsoratar da fitattun, ya yi kamar za su mutu sannan ya sauka su. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ne ke kewaye da su wadanda suka san wasan kwaikwayo. An yi wannan wasan kwaikwayon a cikin shekarar 2015. A cikin 2016, Hani ya kuma fara sabon wasan kwaikwayon mai suna ("هانىhala الادayi", Hani a cikin daji), Hany ya yaudari wasu fitattun Larabawa zuwa Afirka ta Kudu don kwarewa mai ban mamaki. Amma shahararrun suna jin tsoro da zakuna masu tsalle da macizai a cikin akwatin sannan ake cinye direban. An kuma yi wannan a cikin Ramadan. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.elcinema.com/en/person/pr1097878/biography Hany Ramzy] a Cinema.com * {{IMDb name|1649909}} * [https://ar-ar.facebook.com/egyfilm.Hany.Ramzy/ Shafin Facebook na Hany Ramzy] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1964]] 3vxfoce9cvek2v3y6ccc8ttnzi6m9ll 975241 975240 2026-11-02T17:14:18Z Nura Bello 24854 975241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Hany Ramzy 4.png|thumb|Hany Ramzy]] '''Hani Ramzi''' (Arabic; An haife shi ne a ranar 26 ga Oktoba a shekarar 1964) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Masar kuma ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a Masar. == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Hany Ramzy 3.png|thumb|Hany Ramzy]] Hani Ramzy wanda aka haife shi a Alexandria, <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swYvro8pbKI|title=برنامج دارك الحلقه الثامنه / ضيوف الحلقه هانى رامزى - دوللى شاهين|work=Comedyah|language=Arabic|date=2 October 2013}}</ref> ya girma a Beni Mazar, Gwamnatin Minya. Daga baya, ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Kasuwanci, Jami'ar Alkahira, sannan ya shiga Cibiyar Ayyuka. Farkonsa ya kasance tare da takobi guda ɗaya a cikin wasan kwaikwayon Ana ayza milionaire marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Yusri El-Ebyari sannan tare da Mohamed Sobhi ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayi ''Takharif'' da ''Weghat Nazar'', ya kuma shiga cikin matsayi da yawa sannan ya fito a cikin jerin fina-finai. An haifi Hany Adel Ramzy a garin Minya, mahaifinsa lauya ne. Ramzy auri wata mace daga Asyut, Mona Mohab kuma suna da yara maza 2 tare, Shady da Jesse.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.57357.com/2014/comedianactor-hany-ramzy-compassion-devotion-and-recovering-children-made-me-feel-that-god-is-present-in-this-place/ |title=Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE 57357) |publisher=57357.com |date=2014-04-06 |accessdate=2015-10-31 |archive-date=2017-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102081904/http://www.57357.com/2014/comedianactor-hany-ramzy-compassion-devotion-and-recovering-children-made-me-feel-that-god-is-present-in-this-place/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Fina-finai == * ''[[Nasiru 56|Nasser 56]]'' 1995 (Naser 56) * ''Se'idi Fi El Gam'ah El Amrikiyyah'' 1998. (Masar Sama A Jami'ar Amurka) * ''Fer'et Banat W Bass'' 1999 (Ƙungiyar 'yan mata kawai) * ''Wa La Fi El Neyyah Ab'a?'' 1999 (Kuma Babu niyyar Kasancewa?) * ''El-Hobb El-Awwal'' 2000 (Ƙaunar Farko) * ''Etfarrag Ya Salam'' 2001 (Watch Wow) * ''Gawaz Be Qarar Gomhori'' 2001 (Auren da Shugaban kasa ya yanke) * ''Se'idi Rayeh Jayy'' 2001 (Upper Egyptian To And Fro) * ''Mohami Khol''' 2002 (Lokacin Kisan aure) * Ayez Haqqi 2003 (Ina son Kasuwanci na) * ''Ghabi Mennoh Fih'' 2004 (Stupid Daga Shi A Shi) * ''El-Sayyed Abu-El-Arabi Wasal'' 2005 (Mister Abu-El'Arabi Reached) * ''Zaza'' 2006 (Zaza) * ''Asad W Arba' Otat'' 2007 (Zaki da Cats huɗu) * Nems Bond 2008 (Nems Bond) * ''El Ragel El Ghamed Be Salamtoh'' 2010 (Mutumin da ya dace da shi) * ''Sami oxid El-Carbon'' 2011 (Sami Oxide Of Carbon) * ''Tom We Jemi'' 2013 (Tom da Jemi) * Nom El Talat 2015 (Rashin Talata) == Talabijin == * ''Hawl Al Alam'' 1986 (A kusa da Duniya) * ''Alef Lilah W Lilah'' 1986 (Dubban da Ɗaya daga cikin dare) * ''El Les Ellazi Ohebboh'' 1997 (The Thief Whom I Love) * ''Mabruk Galak Ala''' 2006 (Godiya da Ka Damu) * ''Esabet Mama W Papa'' 2009 (Gang Of Mama And Papa) * ''Bayar da Aris'' 2011 (Bayar da Groom) * ''Ebn El Nezam'' 2012 (Ɗan Tsarin Mulki) * El ''Lela Di'' 2012-2013 (Wannan Dare) * ''Nazaryet El Gawafa'' 2013 (Ka'idar Guava) * El ''Aris Raqam 13'' 2014 (Groom Number 13) * El ''Shohrah'' 2014 (Shahuri) * ''Hobot Idterari'' 2015 (Hotunawa ta tilas) * ''Hany Fi El Adghal'' 2016 (Hany A cikin daji) == Murya == A cikin Larabci: * Labarin Abin takaici 1995 * Labarin Abin takaici 2 1999 * ''Ramadona'' 2011 == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == * ''Koll Marra Ashofak Fiha (Kowace Lokacin da na gan ka) '' * ''Takharif (Fables) '' * ''Weghet Nazar (Ma'anar Bayani) '' * ''Keda Okkeh (Don haka, Ok) '' * ''Alabanda (Ga Band) '' * ''Afrotto'' 1999 (''Aljanin) '' * ''Ana Ayza Miliyanari (Ina son Miliyanari) '' == Nuni == Hani ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a Ramadan. Ya gayyaci fitattun Larabawa kuma ya yi kamar an gayyace su zuwa wani taro sannan daga baya ya shiga jirgin sama mai zaman kansa amma yana amfani da abubuwan da jirgin zai iya kammalawa lafiya don tsoratar da fitattun, ya yi kamar za su mutu sannan ya sauka su. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ne ke kewaye da su wadanda suka san wasan kwaikwayo. An yi wannan wasan kwaikwayon a cikin shekarar 2015. A cikin shekarar 2016, Hani ya kuma fara sabon wasan kwaikwayon mai suna ("هانىhala الادayi", Hani a cikin daji), Hany ya yaudari wasu fitattun Larabawa zuwa Afirka ta Kudu don kwarewa mai ban mamaki. Amma shahararrun suna jin tsoro da zakuna masu tsalle da macizai a cikin akwatin sannan ake cinye direban. An kuma yi wannan a cikin Ramadan. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.elcinema.com/en/person/pr1097878/biography Hany Ramzy] a Cinema.com * {{IMDb name|1649909}} * [https://ar-ar.facebook.com/egyfilm.Hany.Ramzy/ Shafin Facebook na Hany Ramzy] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1964]] 60vsfefs3486e1foeabnjnreokeujl5 0 72065 975230 905915 2026-11-02T17:00:41Z Nura Bello 24854 975230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghada Adel Ibrahim''' (Arabic, an haife ta ne a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1974) [[Ɗan wasa|'yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Masar kuma Mai gabatar da talabijin. == Rayuwa ta farko == An kuma haife ta ne a [[Benghazi]], [[Libya]], a cikin iyalin Masar masu aiki.<ref>{{Citation|title=بالفيديو: "مذكرات" غادة عادل بالليبي|url=http://alwasat.ly/news/art-culture/152966}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=عيد ميلادها الـ48.. كواليس طفولة غادة عادل في ليبيا|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6379318|quote=الفنانة غادة عادل ولدت في لبيبا، رغم أنها من عائلة مصرية، حيث كان والدها يعمل هناك، وفي صغرها، حين كانت تعيش هناك، تذكرت موقفًا لن تنساه في حياتها، حين كانت تعيش في أحد العقارات...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Ghada Adel,The Egyptian Start Stays Young At Heart|url=https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/|access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ƴar Masar ita ce kuma' ƴar'uwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams el-baroudi]] ta hanyar mahaifiyarsu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=شمس البارودي تكشف صلة القرابة التي تجمعها بريم البارودي وغادة عادل {{!}} وكالة الرأي الدولية|url=https://www.alrai-iq.com/2018/10/01/413570/|access-date=2020-06-30|website=www.alrai-iq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=شمس البارودي.. فنانة مصرية من أصول سورية حملت لقب “أميرة سعودية” قبل أن تعتزل وترتدي الحجاب |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2022/10/4/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref> Mahaifiyar ta mutu lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyu kawai, don haka ita da' yan uwanta sun zauna tare da mahaifinsu da matarsa ta biyu a Libya inda mahaifinta ke aiki, kodayake sun yi hutun shekara-shekara a gida a [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. Tana da ɗan'uwa mai girma da 'yan'uwa mata uku. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Benghazi bayan ta yi karatun gudanar da kasuwanci da kasuwanci. fara yin samfurin a cikin tallace-tallace, ta bayyana tare da Hany Shaker a cikin ''Tekhsary'' na 1997, sannan ta dauki bakuncin shirin talabijin na ''Fawazir abyad wa aswad'' . [1] == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko ya kasance a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na ''Zizinya'' a cikin 1997, kuma fim dinta na farko ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' a cikin 1998 tare da Mohamed Henedi . Ta yi aiki a manyan matsayi a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Belyah da High Mind a cikin 2000, El ''Bawa telmeez'' a cikin 2004 tare da Karim Abd El-Aziz, Lover Boys a cikin 2005 tare da Hamada Helal, She Made Me Criminal a cikin 2006 tare da Ahmed Helmy da Hassan Hosny, da ''Ahwak'' a cikin 2015 tare da Tamer Hosny . Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, ciki har da ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'a'' a 2005 tare da [[Hany Ramzy (dan wasan kwaikwayo)|Hany Ramzy]], Dead Heart a 2008 tare da Sherif Mounir da ''Saraya Abden'' a 2015 tare da Qusai Khouli . <ref>[https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/ Ghada Adel The Egyptian Start Stays Young at Heart] interview with Enigma magazine in 2012</ref> A cikin 2019, ta fara yaduwa a dandamali da yawa na kafofin sada zumunta saboda kallon da ta yi a bikin fina-finai na El Gouna .<ref>{{Citation|title=Ghada Adel Goes Viral for Her Daring Look at GFF|date=25 September 2019|url=https://see.news/ghada-adel-goes-viral-for-her-daring-look-at-gff/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kakanta ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams El Baroudi]] . Ta yi aure na tsawon shekaru 20 ga darektan Masar da kuma furodusa [[Magdy El Hawari]], wanda kuma ya taimaka wajen gabatar da ita ga fina-finai da yawa. Suna da 'ya'ya biyar, maza huɗu da mace ɗaya. An sanar da saki daga gare shi bayan shekara guda na rabuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/after-20-years-ghada-adel-announces-her-divorce-1176114|title=After 20 Years, Ghada Adel Announces Her Divorce|website=Al Bawaba}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Fina-finai === * ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' (1998) * ''Abboud a kan iyakoki'' (1999) * ''Belyah da Babban Zuciyarsa'' (2000) * ''55 Ambulance'' (2001) * ''Albasha Altemeth'' (2004) * ''Alexandria mai zaman kanta'' (2005) * Yara Masu Ƙauna (2005) * Hamada Playing (2005) * ''Ta sanya Ni Mai Laifi'' (2006) * A cikin Heliopolis Flat (2007) * ''Neama Bay'' (2007) * ''Klashinkov'' (2008) * ''Ɗan kwastam'' (2010) * Chord (2010) * ''A kan Jikin Matattu'' (2013) * ''Ahwak'' (2015) * ''Horob na har abada 1'' (2017) * Horob Eterary 2 (2018) * ''Kasablanka'' (2019) * ''Kungiyar Maza ta Asirin'' (2019) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Zezenya'' (1997) * ''Fuskar Wata'' (2000) * ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'' (2005) * ''Rediyo Star'' (2005) * ''Almasrawiya 1'' (2007) * Mutuwar Zuciya (2008) * ''Asirin Jama'a'' (2012) * ''Bikin auren Magajin garin'' (2012) * Wani wuri a cikin fadar (2014) * ''[[Saraya Abdeen]]'' (2015) * ''Alkawari: Kalmomi Masu Hace-hance'' (2015) * ''Daidaitawa'' (2016) * ''Adli Alam Aljanu'' (2017) === Jerin Rediyo === * ''Layin tare da Kai'' (2007) * ''Alhamis ko Jumma'a'' (2008) * ''Sheireef Rebelna El khafif'' (2009) * ''Ga Masar'' (2010) * ''Reya wa Meskena'' (2017) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Fararen fata da baƙar fata'' (1997) * ''Khalik Jaree'' (2001) * ''Sha shayi'' (2017) === Bidiyo na Kiɗa === * ''Habeboni Fek'' (1994) tare da Amer Mounib * ''Rajeen'' (1995) tare da Amr Diab * ''Tekhsary'' (1997) Hany Shaker * Oyoun Sood (1999) zuwa Laila Ghofran == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm0011775/" id="mwASk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ghada Adel a kan IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] 2blbkd0c4mc08dm3bmjo3lmt7se9vev 975232 975230 2026-11-02T17:02:50Z Nura Bello 24854 975232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghada Adel Ibrahim''' (Arabic, an haife ta ne a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1974) [[Ɗan wasa|'yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Masar kuma Mai gabatar da talabijin. == Rayuwa ta farko == An kuma haife ta ne a [[Benghazi]], [[Libya]], a cikin iyalin Masar masu aiki.<ref>{{Citation|title=بالفيديو: "مذكرات" غادة عادل بالليبي|url=http://alwasat.ly/news/art-culture/152966}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=عيد ميلادها الـ48.. كواليس طفولة غادة عادل في ليبيا|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6379318|quote=الفنانة غادة عادل ولدت في لبيبا، رغم أنها من عائلة مصرية، حيث كان والدها يعمل هناك، وفي صغرها، حين كانت تعيش هناك، تذكرت موقفًا لن تنساه في حياتها، حين كانت تعيش في أحد العقارات...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Ghada Adel,The Egyptian Start Stays Young At Heart|url=https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/|access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ƴar Masar ita ce kuma' ƴar'uwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams el-baroudi]] ta hanyar mahaifiyarsu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=شمس البارودي تكشف صلة القرابة التي تجمعها بريم البارودي وغادة عادل {{!}} وكالة الرأي الدولية|url=https://www.alrai-iq.com/2018/10/01/413570/|access-date=2020-06-30|website=www.alrai-iq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=شمس البارودي.. فنانة مصرية من أصول سورية حملت لقب “أميرة سعودية” قبل أن تعتزل وترتدي الحجاب |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2022/10/4/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref> Mahaifiyar ta mutu lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyu kawai, don haka ita da' yan uwanta sun zauna tare da mahaifinsu da matarsa ta biyu a Libya inda mahaifinta ke aiki, kodayake sun yi hutun shekara-shekara a gida a [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. Tana da ɗan'uwa mai girma da 'yan'uwa mata uku. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Benghazi bayan ta yi karatun gudanar da kasuwanci da kasuwanci. fara yin samfurin a cikin tallace-tallace, ta bayyana tare da Hany Shaker a cikin ''Tekhsary'' na shekara 1997, sannan ta dauki bakuncin shirin talabijin na ''Fawazir abyad wa aswad'' . [1] == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko ya kasance a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na ''Zizinya'' a cikin 1997, kuma fim dinta na farko ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' a cikin 1998 tare da Mohamed Henedi . Ta yi aiki a manyan matsayi a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Belyah da High Mind a cikin 2000, El ''Bawa telmeez'' a cikin 2004 tare da Karim Abd El-Aziz, Lover Boys a cikin 2005 tare da Hamada Helal, She Made Me Criminal a cikin 2006 tare da Ahmed Helmy da Hassan Hosny, da ''Ahwak'' a cikin 2015 tare da Tamer Hosny . Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, ciki har da ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'a'' a 2005 tare da [[Hany Ramzy (dan wasan kwaikwayo)|Hany Ramzy]], Dead Heart a 2008 tare da Sherif Mounir da ''Saraya Abden'' a 2015 tare da Qusai Khouli . <ref>[https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/ Ghada Adel The Egyptian Start Stays Young at Heart] interview with Enigma magazine in 2012</ref> A cikin 2019, ta fara yaduwa a dandamali da yawa na kafofin sada zumunta saboda kallon da ta yi a bikin fina-finai na El Gouna .<ref>{{Citation|title=Ghada Adel Goes Viral for Her Daring Look at GFF|date=25 September 2019|url=https://see.news/ghada-adel-goes-viral-for-her-daring-look-at-gff/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kakanta ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams El Baroudi]] . Ta yi aure na tsawon shekaru 20 ga darektan Masar da kuma furodusa [[Magdy El Hawari]], wanda kuma ya taimaka wajen gabatar da ita ga fina-finai da yawa. Suna da 'ya'ya biyar, maza huɗu da mace ɗaya. An sanar da saki daga gare shi bayan shekara guda na rabuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/after-20-years-ghada-adel-announces-her-divorce-1176114|title=After 20 Years, Ghada Adel Announces Her Divorce|website=Al Bawaba}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Fina-finai === * ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' (1998) * ''Abboud a kan iyakoki'' (1999) * ''Belyah da Babban Zuciyarsa'' (2000) * ''55 Ambulance'' (2001) * ''Albasha Altemeth'' (2004) * ''Alexandria mai zaman kanta'' (2005) * Yara Masu Ƙauna (2005) * Hamada Playing (2005) * ''Ta sanya Ni Mai Laifi'' (2006) * A cikin Heliopolis Flat (2007) * ''Neama Bay'' (2007) * ''Klashinkov'' (2008) * ''Ɗan kwastam'' (2010) * Chord (2010) * ''A kan Jikin Matattu'' (2013) * ''Ahwak'' (2015) * ''Horob na har abada 1'' (2017) * Horob Eterary 2 (2018) * ''Kasablanka'' (2019) * ''Kungiyar Maza ta Asirin'' (2019) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Zezenya'' (1997) * ''Fuskar Wata'' (2000) * ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'' (2005) * ''Rediyo Star'' (2005) * ''Almasrawiya 1'' (2007) * Mutuwar Zuciya (2008) * ''Asirin Jama'a'' (2012) * ''Bikin auren Magajin garin'' (2012) * Wani wuri a cikin fadar (2014) * ''[[Saraya Abdeen]]'' (2015) * ''Alkawari: Kalmomi Masu Hace-hance'' (2015) * ''Daidaitawa'' (2016) * ''Adli Alam Aljanu'' (2017) === Jerin Rediyo === * ''Layin tare da Kai'' (2007) * ''Alhamis ko Jumma'a'' (2008) * ''Sheireef Rebelna El khafif'' (2009) * ''Ga Masar'' (2010) * ''Reya wa Meskena'' (2017) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Fararen fata da baƙar fata'' (1997) * ''Khalik Jaree'' (2001) * ''Sha shayi'' (2017) === Bidiyo na Kiɗa === * ''Habeboni Fek'' (1994) tare da Amer Mounib * ''Rajeen'' (1995) tare da Amr Diab * ''Tekhsary'' (1997) Hany Shaker * Oyoun Sood (1999) zuwa Laila Ghofran == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm0011775/" id="mwASk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ghada Adel a kan IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] q35rmu5bdpnxlqbo7tfr2jxqrwwoemz 975233 975232 2026-11-02T17:03:32Z Nura Bello 24854 975233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghada Adel Ibrahim''' (Arabic, an haife ta ne a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1974) [[Ɗan wasa|'yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Masar kuma Mai gabatar da talabijin. == Rayuwa ta farko == An kuma haife ta ne a [[Benghazi]], [[Libya]], a cikin iyalin Masar masu aiki.<ref>{{Citation|title=بالفيديو: "مذكرات" غادة عادل بالليبي|url=http://alwasat.ly/news/art-culture/152966}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=عيد ميلادها الـ48.. كواليس طفولة غادة عادل في ليبيا|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6379318|quote=الفنانة غادة عادل ولدت في لبيبا، رغم أنها من عائلة مصرية، حيث كان والدها يعمل هناك، وفي صغرها، حين كانت تعيش هناك، تذكرت موقفًا لن تنساه في حياتها، حين كانت تعيش في أحد العقارات...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Ghada Adel,The Egyptian Start Stays Young At Heart|url=https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/|access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ƴar Masar ita ce kuma' ƴar'uwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams el-baroudi]] ta hanyar mahaifiyarsu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=شمس البارودي تكشف صلة القرابة التي تجمعها بريم البارودي وغادة عادل {{!}} وكالة الرأي الدولية|url=https://www.alrai-iq.com/2018/10/01/413570/|access-date=2020-06-30|website=www.alrai-iq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=شمس البارودي.. فنانة مصرية من أصول سورية حملت لقب “أميرة سعودية” قبل أن تعتزل وترتدي الحجاب |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2022/10/4/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref> Mahaifiyar ta mutu lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyu kawai, don haka ita da' yan uwanta sun zauna tare da mahaifinsu da matarsa ta biyu a Libya inda mahaifinta ke aiki, kodayake sun yi hutun shekara-shekara a gida a [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. Tana da ɗan'uwa mai girma da 'yan'uwa mata uku. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Benghazi bayan ta yi karatun gudanar da kasuwanci da kasuwanci. fara yin samfurin a cikin tallace-tallace, ta bayyana tare da Hany Shaker a cikin ''Tekhsary'' na shekara 1997, sannan ta dauki bakuncin shirin talabijin na ''Fawazir abyad wa aswad'' . [1] == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko ya kasance a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na ''Zizinya'' a cikin shekarar 1997, kuma fim dinta na farko ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' a cikin 1998 tare da Mohamed Henedi . Ta yi aiki a manyan matsayi a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Belyah da High Mind a cikin 2000, El ''Bawa telmeez'' a cikin 2004 tare da Karim Abd El-Aziz, Lover Boys a cikin 2005 tare da Hamada Helal, She Made Me Criminal a cikin 2006 tare da Ahmed Helmy da Hassan Hosny, da ''Ahwak'' a cikin 2015 tare da Tamer Hosny . Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, ciki har da ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'a'' a 2005 tare da [[Hany Ramzy (dan wasan kwaikwayo)|Hany Ramzy]], Dead Heart a 2008 tare da Sherif Mounir da ''Saraya Abden'' a 2015 tare da Qusai Khouli . <ref>[https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/ Ghada Adel The Egyptian Start Stays Young at Heart] interview with Enigma magazine in 2012</ref> A cikin 2019, ta fara yaduwa a dandamali da yawa na kafofin sada zumunta saboda kallon da ta yi a bikin fina-finai na El Gouna .<ref>{{Citation|title=Ghada Adel Goes Viral for Her Daring Look at GFF|date=25 September 2019|url=https://see.news/ghada-adel-goes-viral-for-her-daring-look-at-gff/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kakanta ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams El Baroudi]] . Ta yi aure na tsawon shekaru 20 ga darektan Masar da kuma furodusa [[Magdy El Hawari]], wanda kuma ya taimaka wajen gabatar da ita ga fina-finai da yawa. Suna da 'ya'ya biyar, maza huɗu da mace ɗaya. An sanar da saki daga gare shi bayan shekara guda na rabuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/after-20-years-ghada-adel-announces-her-divorce-1176114|title=After 20 Years, Ghada Adel Announces Her Divorce|website=Al Bawaba}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Fina-finai === * ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' (1998) * ''Abboud a kan iyakoki'' (1999) * ''Belyah da Babban Zuciyarsa'' (2000) * ''55 Ambulance'' (2001) * ''Albasha Altemeth'' (2004) * ''Alexandria mai zaman kanta'' (2005) * Yara Masu Ƙauna (2005) * Hamada Playing (2005) * ''Ta sanya Ni Mai Laifi'' (2006) * A cikin Heliopolis Flat (2007) * ''Neama Bay'' (2007) * ''Klashinkov'' (2008) * ''Ɗan kwastam'' (2010) * Chord (2010) * ''A kan Jikin Matattu'' (2013) * ''Ahwak'' (2015) * ''Horob na har abada 1'' (2017) * Horob Eterary 2 (2018) * ''Kasablanka'' (2019) * ''Kungiyar Maza ta Asirin'' (2019) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Zezenya'' (1997) * ''Fuskar Wata'' (2000) * ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'' (2005) * ''Rediyo Star'' (2005) * ''Almasrawiya 1'' (2007) * Mutuwar Zuciya (2008) * ''Asirin Jama'a'' (2012) * ''Bikin auren Magajin garin'' (2012) * Wani wuri a cikin fadar (2014) * ''[[Saraya Abdeen]]'' (2015) * ''Alkawari: Kalmomi Masu Hace-hance'' (2015) * ''Daidaitawa'' (2016) * ''Adli Alam Aljanu'' (2017) === Jerin Rediyo === * ''Layin tare da Kai'' (2007) * ''Alhamis ko Jumma'a'' (2008) * ''Sheireef Rebelna El khafif'' (2009) * ''Ga Masar'' (2010) * ''Reya wa Meskena'' (2017) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Fararen fata da baƙar fata'' (1997) * ''Khalik Jaree'' (2001) * ''Sha shayi'' (2017) === Bidiyo na Kiɗa === * ''Habeboni Fek'' (1994) tare da Amer Mounib * ''Rajeen'' (1995) tare da Amr Diab * ''Tekhsary'' (1997) Hany Shaker * Oyoun Sood (1999) zuwa Laila Ghofran == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm0011775/" id="mwASk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ghada Adel a kan IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] buc3vh5cmwa4igqwd033n8ttcd2quur 975234 975233 2026-11-02T17:04:10Z Nura Bello 24854 975234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghada Adel Ibrahim''' (Arabic, an haife ta ne a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1974) [[Ɗan wasa|'yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Masar kuma Mai gabatar da talabijin. == Rayuwa ta farko == An kuma haife ta ne a [[Benghazi]], [[Libya]], a cikin iyalin Masar masu aiki.<ref>{{Citation|title=بالفيديو: "مذكرات" غادة عادل بالليبي|url=http://alwasat.ly/news/art-culture/152966}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=عيد ميلادها الـ48.. كواليس طفولة غادة عادل في ليبيا|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6379318|quote=الفنانة غادة عادل ولدت في لبيبا، رغم أنها من عائلة مصرية، حيث كان والدها يعمل هناك، وفي صغرها، حين كانت تعيش هناك، تذكرت موقفًا لن تنساه في حياتها، حين كانت تعيش في أحد العقارات...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Ghada Adel,The Egyptian Start Stays Young At Heart|url=https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/|access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ƴar Masar ita ce kuma' ƴar'uwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams el-baroudi]] ta hanyar mahaifiyarsu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=شمس البارودي تكشف صلة القرابة التي تجمعها بريم البارودي وغادة عادل {{!}} وكالة الرأي الدولية|url=https://www.alrai-iq.com/2018/10/01/413570/|access-date=2020-06-30|website=www.alrai-iq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=شمس البارودي.. فنانة مصرية من أصول سورية حملت لقب “أميرة سعودية” قبل أن تعتزل وترتدي الحجاب |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2022/10/4/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref> Mahaifiyar ta mutu lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyu kawai, don haka ita da' yan uwanta sun zauna tare da mahaifinsu da matarsa ta biyu a Libya inda mahaifinta ke aiki, kodayake sun yi hutun shekara-shekara a gida a [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. Tana da ɗan'uwa mai girma da 'yan'uwa mata uku. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Benghazi bayan ta yi karatun gudanar da kasuwanci da kasuwanci. fara yin samfurin a cikin tallace-tallace, ta bayyana tare da Hany Shaker a cikin ''Tekhsary'' na shekara 1997, sannan ta dauki bakuncin shirin talabijin na ''Fawazir abyad wa aswad'' . [1] == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko ya kasance a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na ''Zizinya'' a cikin shekarar 1997, kuma fim dinta na farko ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' a cikin 1998 tare da Mohamed Henedi . Ta yi aiki a manyan matsayi a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Belyah da High Mind a cikin 2000, El ''Bawa telmeez'' a cikin 2004 tare da Karim Abd El-Aziz, Lover Boys a cikin 2005 tare da Hamada Helal, She Made Me Criminal a cikin 2006 tare da Ahmed Helmy da Hassan Hosny, da ''Ahwak'' a cikin 2015 tare da Tamer Hosny . Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, ciki har da ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'a'' a cikin shekarar 2005 tare da [[Hany Ramzy (dan wasan kwaikwayo)|Hany Ramzy]], Dead Heart a 2008 tare da Sherif Mounir da ''Saraya Abden'' a 2015 tare da Qusai Khouli . <ref>[https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/ Ghada Adel The Egyptian Start Stays Young at Heart] interview with Enigma magazine in 2012</ref> A cikin 2019, ta fara yaduwa a dandamali da yawa na kafofin sada zumunta saboda kallon da ta yi a bikin fina-finai na El Gouna .<ref>{{Citation|title=Ghada Adel Goes Viral for Her Daring Look at GFF|date=25 September 2019|url=https://see.news/ghada-adel-goes-viral-for-her-daring-look-at-gff/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kakanta ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams El Baroudi]] . Ta yi aure na tsawon shekaru 20 ga darektan Masar da kuma furodusa [[Magdy El Hawari]], wanda kuma ya taimaka wajen gabatar da ita ga fina-finai da yawa. Suna da 'ya'ya biyar, maza huɗu da mace ɗaya. An sanar da saki daga gare shi bayan shekara guda na rabuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/after-20-years-ghada-adel-announces-her-divorce-1176114|title=After 20 Years, Ghada Adel Announces Her Divorce|website=Al Bawaba}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Fina-finai === * ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' (1998) * ''Abboud a kan iyakoki'' (1999) * ''Belyah da Babban Zuciyarsa'' (2000) * ''55 Ambulance'' (2001) * ''Albasha Altemeth'' (2004) * ''Alexandria mai zaman kanta'' (2005) * Yara Masu Ƙauna (2005) * Hamada Playing (2005) * ''Ta sanya Ni Mai Laifi'' (2006) * A cikin Heliopolis Flat (2007) * ''Neama Bay'' (2007) * ''Klashinkov'' (2008) * ''Ɗan kwastam'' (2010) * Chord (2010) * ''A kan Jikin Matattu'' (2013) * ''Ahwak'' (2015) * ''Horob na har abada 1'' (2017) * Horob Eterary 2 (2018) * ''Kasablanka'' (2019) * ''Kungiyar Maza ta Asirin'' (2019) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Zezenya'' (1997) * ''Fuskar Wata'' (2000) * ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'' (2005) * ''Rediyo Star'' (2005) * ''Almasrawiya 1'' (2007) * Mutuwar Zuciya (2008) * ''Asirin Jama'a'' (2012) * ''Bikin auren Magajin garin'' (2012) * Wani wuri a cikin fadar (2014) * ''[[Saraya Abdeen]]'' (2015) * ''Alkawari: Kalmomi Masu Hace-hance'' (2015) * ''Daidaitawa'' (2016) * ''Adli Alam Aljanu'' (2017) === Jerin Rediyo === * ''Layin tare da Kai'' (2007) * ''Alhamis ko Jumma'a'' (2008) * ''Sheireef Rebelna El khafif'' (2009) * ''Ga Masar'' (2010) * ''Reya wa Meskena'' (2017) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Fararen fata da baƙar fata'' (1997) * ''Khalik Jaree'' (2001) * ''Sha shayi'' (2017) === Bidiyo na Kiɗa === * ''Habeboni Fek'' (1994) tare da Amer Mounib * ''Rajeen'' (1995) tare da Amr Diab * ''Tekhsary'' (1997) Hany Shaker * Oyoun Sood (1999) zuwa Laila Ghofran == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm0011775/" id="mwASk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ghada Adel a kan IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] 0r6zu8mp9n2ynnsnvtkhyj7ucv3gbhq 975235 975234 2026-11-02T17:05:08Z Nura Bello 24854 975235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghada Adel Ibrahim''' (Arabic, an haife ta ne a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1974) [[Ɗan wasa|'yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Masar kuma Mai gabatar da talabijin. == Rayuwa ta farko == An kuma haife ta ne a [[Benghazi]], [[Libya]], a cikin iyalin Masar masu aiki.<ref>{{Citation|title=بالفيديو: "مذكرات" غادة عادل بالليبي|url=http://alwasat.ly/news/art-culture/152966}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=عيد ميلادها الـ48.. كواليس طفولة غادة عادل في ليبيا|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6379318|quote=الفنانة غادة عادل ولدت في لبيبا، رغم أنها من عائلة مصرية، حيث كان والدها يعمل هناك، وفي صغرها، حين كانت تعيش هناك، تذكرت موقفًا لن تنساه في حياتها، حين كانت تعيش في أحد العقارات...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Ghada Adel,The Egyptian Start Stays Young At Heart|url=https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/|access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ƴar Masar ita ce kuma' ƴar'uwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams el-baroudi]] ta hanyar mahaifiyarsu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=شمس البارودي تكشف صلة القرابة التي تجمعها بريم البارودي وغادة عادل {{!}} وكالة الرأي الدولية|url=https://www.alrai-iq.com/2018/10/01/413570/|access-date=2020-06-30|website=www.alrai-iq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=شمس البارودي.. فنانة مصرية من أصول سورية حملت لقب “أميرة سعودية” قبل أن تعتزل وترتدي الحجاب |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2022/10/4/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref> Mahaifiyar ta mutu lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyu kawai, don haka ita da' yan uwanta sun zauna tare da mahaifinsu da matarsa ta biyu a Libya inda mahaifinta ke aiki, kodayake sun yi hutun shekara-shekara a gida a [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. Tana da ɗan'uwa mai girma da 'yan'uwa mata uku. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Benghazi bayan ta yi karatun gudanar da kasuwanci da kasuwanci. fara yin samfurin a cikin tallace-tallace, ta bayyana tare da Hany Shaker a cikin ''Tekhsary'' na shekara 1997, sannan ta dauki bakuncin shirin talabijin na ''Fawazir abyad wa aswad'' . [1] == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko ya kasance a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na ''Zizinya'' a cikin shekarar 1997, kuma fim dinta na farko ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' a cikin shekarara 1998 tare da Mohamed Henedi . Ta yi aiki a manyan matsayi a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Belyah da High Mind a cikin 2000, El ''Bawa telmeez'' a cikin 2004 tare da Karim Abd El-Aziz, Lover Boys a cikin 2005 tare da Hamada Helal, She Made Me Criminal a cikin 2006 tare da Ahmed Helmy da Hassan Hosny, da ''Ahwak'' a cikin 2015 tare da Tamer Hosny . Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, ciki har da ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'a'' a cikin shekarar 2005 tare da [[Hany Ramzy (dan wasan kwaikwayo)|Hany Ramzy]], Dead Heart a 2008 tare da Sherif Mounir da ''Saraya Abden'' a 2015 tare da Qusai Khouli . <ref>[https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/ Ghada Adel The Egyptian Start Stays Young at Heart] interview with Enigma magazine in 2012</ref> A cikin 2019, ta fara yaduwa a dandamali da yawa na kafofin sada zumunta saboda kallon da ta yi a bikin fina-finai na El Gouna .<ref>{{Citation|title=Ghada Adel Goes Viral for Her Daring Look at GFF|date=25 September 2019|url=https://see.news/ghada-adel-goes-viral-for-her-daring-look-at-gff/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kakanta ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams El Baroudi]] . Ta yi aure na tsawon shekaru 20 ga darektan Masar da kuma furodusa [[Magdy El Hawari]], wanda kuma ya taimaka wajen gabatar da ita ga fina-finai da yawa. Suna da 'ya'ya biyar, maza huɗu da mace ɗaya. An sanar da saki daga gare shi bayan shekara guda na rabuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/after-20-years-ghada-adel-announces-her-divorce-1176114|title=After 20 Years, Ghada Adel Announces Her Divorce|website=Al Bawaba}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Fina-finai === * ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' (1998) * ''Abboud a kan iyakoki'' (1999) * ''Belyah da Babban Zuciyarsa'' (2000) * ''55 Ambulance'' (2001) * ''Albasha Altemeth'' (2004) * ''Alexandria mai zaman kanta'' (2005) * Yara Masu Ƙauna (2005) * Hamada Playing (2005) * ''Ta sanya Ni Mai Laifi'' (2006) * A cikin Heliopolis Flat (2007) * ''Neama Bay'' (2007) * ''Klashinkov'' (2008) * ''Ɗan kwastam'' (2010) * Chord (2010) * ''A kan Jikin Matattu'' (2013) * ''Ahwak'' (2015) * ''Horob na har abada 1'' (2017) * Horob Eterary 2 (2018) * ''Kasablanka'' (2019) * ''Kungiyar Maza ta Asirin'' (2019) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Zezenya'' (1997) * ''Fuskar Wata'' (2000) * ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'' (2005) * ''Rediyo Star'' (2005) * ''Almasrawiya 1'' (2007) * Mutuwar Zuciya (2008) * ''Asirin Jama'a'' (2012) * ''Bikin auren Magajin garin'' (2012) * Wani wuri a cikin fadar (2014) * ''[[Saraya Abdeen]]'' (2015) * ''Alkawari: Kalmomi Masu Hace-hance'' (2015) * ''Daidaitawa'' (2016) * ''Adli Alam Aljanu'' (2017) === Jerin Rediyo === * ''Layin tare da Kai'' (2007) * ''Alhamis ko Jumma'a'' (2008) * ''Sheireef Rebelna El khafif'' (2009) * ''Ga Masar'' (2010) * ''Reya wa Meskena'' (2017) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Fararen fata da baƙar fata'' (1997) * ''Khalik Jaree'' (2001) * ''Sha shayi'' (2017) === Bidiyo na Kiɗa === * ''Habeboni Fek'' (1994) tare da Amer Mounib * ''Rajeen'' (1995) tare da Amr Diab * ''Tekhsary'' (1997) Hany Shaker * Oyoun Sood (1999) zuwa Laila Ghofran == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm0011775/" id="mwASk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ghada Adel a kan IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] bpmwrcz7646w9v5qbov7ytr8ityregh 975236 975235 2026-11-02T17:05:55Z Nura Bello 24854 975236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghada Adel Ibrahim''' (Arabic, an haife ta ne a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1974) [[Ɗan wasa|'yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Masar kuma Mai gabatar da talabijin. == Rayuwa ta farko == An kuma haife ta ne a [[Benghazi]], [[Libya]], a cikin iyalin Masar masu aiki.<ref>{{Citation|title=بالفيديو: "مذكرات" غادة عادل بالليبي|url=http://alwasat.ly/news/art-culture/152966}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=عيد ميلادها الـ48.. كواليس طفولة غادة عادل في ليبيا|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6379318|quote=الفنانة غادة عادل ولدت في لبيبا، رغم أنها من عائلة مصرية، حيث كان والدها يعمل هناك، وفي صغرها، حين كانت تعيش هناك، تذكرت موقفًا لن تنساه في حياتها، حين كانت تعيش في أحد العقارات...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Ghada Adel,The Egyptian Start Stays Young At Heart|url=https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/|access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ƴar Masar ita ce kuma' ƴar'uwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams el-baroudi]] ta hanyar mahaifiyarsu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=شمس البارودي تكشف صلة القرابة التي تجمعها بريم البارودي وغادة عادل {{!}} وكالة الرأي الدولية|url=https://www.alrai-iq.com/2018/10/01/413570/|access-date=2020-06-30|website=www.alrai-iq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=شمس البارودي.. فنانة مصرية من أصول سورية حملت لقب “أميرة سعودية” قبل أن تعتزل وترتدي الحجاب |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2022/10/4/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref> Mahaifiyar ta mutu lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyu kawai, don haka ita da' yan uwanta sun zauna tare da mahaifinsu da matarsa ta biyu a Libya inda mahaifinta ke aiki, kodayake sun yi hutun shekara-shekara a gida a [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. Tana da ɗan'uwa mai girma da 'yan'uwa mata uku. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Benghazi bayan ta yi karatun gudanar da kasuwanci da kasuwanci. fara yin samfurin a cikin tallace-tallace, ta bayyana tare da Hany Shaker a cikin ''Tekhsary'' na shekara 1997, sannan ta dauki bakuncin shirin talabijin na ''Fawazir abyad wa aswad'' . [1] == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko ya kasance a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na ''Zizinya'' a cikin shekarar 1997, kuma fim dinta na farko ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' a cikin shekarara 1998 tare da Mohamed Henedi . Ta yi aiki a manyan matsayi a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Belyah da High Mind a cikin shekara 2000, El ''Bawa telmeez'' a cikin 2004 tare da Karim Abd El-Aziz, Lover Boys a cikin 2005 tare da Hamada Helal, She Made Me Criminal a cikin 2006 tare da Ahmed Helmy da Hassan Hosny, da ''Ahwak'' a cikin 2015 tare da Tamer Hosny . Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, ciki har da ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'a'' a cikin shekarar 2005 tare da [[Hany Ramzy (dan wasan kwaikwayo)|Hany Ramzy]], Dead Heart a 2008 tare da Sherif Mounir da ''Saraya Abden'' a 2015 tare da Qusai Khouli . <ref>[https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/ Ghada Adel The Egyptian Start Stays Young at Heart] interview with Enigma magazine in 2012</ref> A cikin 2019, ta fara yaduwa a dandamali da yawa na kafofin sada zumunta saboda kallon da ta yi a bikin fina-finai na El Gouna .<ref>{{Citation|title=Ghada Adel Goes Viral for Her Daring Look at GFF|date=25 September 2019|url=https://see.news/ghada-adel-goes-viral-for-her-daring-look-at-gff/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kakanta ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams El Baroudi]] . Ta yi aure na tsawon shekaru 20 ga darektan Masar da kuma furodusa [[Magdy El Hawari]], wanda kuma ya taimaka wajen gabatar da ita ga fina-finai da yawa. Suna da 'ya'ya biyar, maza huɗu da mace ɗaya. An sanar da saki daga gare shi bayan shekara guda na rabuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/after-20-years-ghada-adel-announces-her-divorce-1176114|title=After 20 Years, Ghada Adel Announces Her Divorce|website=Al Bawaba}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Fina-finai === * ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' (1998) * ''Abboud a kan iyakoki'' (1999) * ''Belyah da Babban Zuciyarsa'' (2000) * ''55 Ambulance'' (2001) * ''Albasha Altemeth'' (2004) * ''Alexandria mai zaman kanta'' (2005) * Yara Masu Ƙauna (2005) * Hamada Playing (2005) * ''Ta sanya Ni Mai Laifi'' (2006) * A cikin Heliopolis Flat (2007) * ''Neama Bay'' (2007) * ''Klashinkov'' (2008) * ''Ɗan kwastam'' (2010) * Chord (2010) * ''A kan Jikin Matattu'' (2013) * ''Ahwak'' (2015) * ''Horob na har abada 1'' (2017) * Horob Eterary 2 (2018) * ''Kasablanka'' (2019) * ''Kungiyar Maza ta Asirin'' (2019) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Zezenya'' (1997) * ''Fuskar Wata'' (2000) * ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'' (2005) * ''Rediyo Star'' (2005) * ''Almasrawiya 1'' (2007) * Mutuwar Zuciya (2008) * ''Asirin Jama'a'' (2012) * ''Bikin auren Magajin garin'' (2012) * Wani wuri a cikin fadar (2014) * ''[[Saraya Abdeen]]'' (2015) * ''Alkawari: Kalmomi Masu Hace-hance'' (2015) * ''Daidaitawa'' (2016) * ''Adli Alam Aljanu'' (2017) === Jerin Rediyo === * ''Layin tare da Kai'' (2007) * ''Alhamis ko Jumma'a'' (2008) * ''Sheireef Rebelna El khafif'' (2009) * ''Ga Masar'' (2010) * ''Reya wa Meskena'' (2017) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Fararen fata da baƙar fata'' (1997) * ''Khalik Jaree'' (2001) * ''Sha shayi'' (2017) === Bidiyo na Kiɗa === * ''Habeboni Fek'' (1994) tare da Amer Mounib * ''Rajeen'' (1995) tare da Amr Diab * ''Tekhsary'' (1997) Hany Shaker * Oyoun Sood (1999) zuwa Laila Ghofran == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm0011775/" id="mwASk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ghada Adel a kan IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] mynqtajgt5iiwlpqzqcdw30457emokj 975237 975236 2026-11-02T17:06:58Z Nura Bello 24854 975237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghada Adel Ibrahim''' (Arabic, an haife ta ne a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1974) [[Ɗan wasa|'yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Masar kuma Mai gabatar da talabijin. == Rayuwa ta farko == An kuma haife ta ne a [[Benghazi]], [[Libya]], a cikin iyalin Masar masu aiki.<ref>{{Citation|title=بالفيديو: "مذكرات" غادة عادل بالليبي|url=http://alwasat.ly/news/art-culture/152966}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=عيد ميلادها الـ48.. كواليس طفولة غادة عادل في ليبيا|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6379318|quote=الفنانة غادة عادل ولدت في لبيبا، رغم أنها من عائلة مصرية، حيث كان والدها يعمل هناك، وفي صغرها، حين كانت تعيش هناك، تذكرت موقفًا لن تنساه في حياتها، حين كانت تعيش في أحد العقارات...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Ghada Adel,The Egyptian Start Stays Young At Heart|url=https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/|access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ƴar Masar ita ce kuma' ƴar'uwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams el-baroudi]] ta hanyar mahaifiyarsu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=شمس البارودي تكشف صلة القرابة التي تجمعها بريم البارودي وغادة عادل {{!}} وكالة الرأي الدولية|url=https://www.alrai-iq.com/2018/10/01/413570/|access-date=2020-06-30|website=www.alrai-iq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=شمس البارودي.. فنانة مصرية من أصول سورية حملت لقب “أميرة سعودية” قبل أن تعتزل وترتدي الحجاب |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2022/10/4/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref> Mahaifiyar ta mutu lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyu kawai, don haka ita da' yan uwanta sun zauna tare da mahaifinsu da matarsa ta biyu a Libya inda mahaifinta ke aiki, kodayake sun yi hutun shekara-shekara a gida a [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. Tana da ɗan'uwa mai girma da 'yan'uwa mata uku. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Benghazi bayan ta yi karatun gudanar da kasuwanci da kasuwanci. fara yin samfurin a cikin tallace-tallace, ta bayyana tare da Hany Shaker a cikin ''Tekhsary'' na shekara 1997, sannan ta dauki bakuncin shirin talabijin na ''Fawazir abyad wa aswad'' . [1] == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko ya kasance a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na ''Zizinya'' a cikin shekarar 1997, kuma fim dinta na farko ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' a cikin shekarara 1998 tare da Mohamed Henedi . Ta yi aiki a manyan matsayi a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Belyah da High Mind a cikin shekara 2000, El ''Bawa telmeez'' a cikin 2004 tare da Karim Abd El-Aziz, Lover Boys a cikin 2005 tare da Hamada Helal, She Made Me Criminal a cikin 2006 tare da Ahmed Helmy da Hassan Hosny, da ''Ahwak'' a cikin 2015 tare da Tamer Hosny . Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, ciki har da ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'a'' a cikin shekarar 2005 tare da [[Hany Ramzy (dan wasan kwaikwayo)|Hany Ramzy]], Dead Heart a 2008 tare da Sherif Mounir da ''Saraya Abden'' a 2015 tare da Qusai Khouli . <ref>[https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/ Ghada Adel The Egyptian Start Stays Young at Heart] interview with Enigma magazine in 2012</ref> A cikin shekarar 2019, ta fara yaduwa a dandamali da yawa na kafofin sada zumunta saboda kallon da ta yi a bikin fina-finai na El Gouna .<ref>{{Citation|title=Ghada Adel Goes Viral for Her Daring Look at GFF|date=25 September 2019|url=https://see.news/ghada-adel-goes-viral-for-her-daring-look-at-gff/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kakanta ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams El Baroudi]] . Ta yi aure na tsawon shekaru 20 ga darektan Masar da kuma furodusa [[Magdy El Hawari]], wanda kuma ya taimaka wajen gabatar da ita ga fina-finai da yawa. Suna da 'ya'ya biyar, maza huɗu da mace ɗaya. An sanar da saki daga gare shi bayan shekara guda na rabuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/after-20-years-ghada-adel-announces-her-divorce-1176114|title=After 20 Years, Ghada Adel Announces Her Divorce|website=Al Bawaba}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Fina-finai === * ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' (1998) * ''Abboud a kan iyakoki'' (1999) * ''Belyah da Babban Zuciyarsa'' (2000) * ''55 Ambulance'' (2001) * ''Albasha Altemeth'' (2004) * ''Alexandria mai zaman kanta'' (2005) * Yara Masu Ƙauna (2005) * Hamada Playing (2005) * ''Ta sanya Ni Mai Laifi'' (2006) * A cikin Heliopolis Flat (2007) * ''Neama Bay'' (2007) * ''Klashinkov'' (2008) * ''Ɗan kwastam'' (2010) * Chord (2010) * ''A kan Jikin Matattu'' (2013) * ''Ahwak'' (2015) * ''Horob na har abada 1'' (2017) * Horob Eterary 2 (2018) * ''Kasablanka'' (2019) * ''Kungiyar Maza ta Asirin'' (2019) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Zezenya'' (1997) * ''Fuskar Wata'' (2000) * ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'' (2005) * ''Rediyo Star'' (2005) * ''Almasrawiya 1'' (2007) * Mutuwar Zuciya (2008) * ''Asirin Jama'a'' (2012) * ''Bikin auren Magajin garin'' (2012) * Wani wuri a cikin fadar (2014) * ''[[Saraya Abdeen]]'' (2015) * ''Alkawari: Kalmomi Masu Hace-hance'' (2015) * ''Daidaitawa'' (2016) * ''Adli Alam Aljanu'' (2017) === Jerin Rediyo === * ''Layin tare da Kai'' (2007) * ''Alhamis ko Jumma'a'' (2008) * ''Sheireef Rebelna El khafif'' (2009) * ''Ga Masar'' (2010) * ''Reya wa Meskena'' (2017) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Fararen fata da baƙar fata'' (1997) * ''Khalik Jaree'' (2001) * ''Sha shayi'' (2017) === Bidiyo na Kiɗa === * ''Habeboni Fek'' (1994) tare da Amer Mounib * ''Rajeen'' (1995) tare da Amr Diab * ''Tekhsary'' (1997) Hany Shaker * Oyoun Sood (1999) zuwa Laila Ghofran == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm0011775/" id="mwASk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ghada Adel a kan IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] 1o94vofmdcoxcht937rcmvkxbvl0zub 975238 975237 2026-11-02T17:09:44Z Nura Bello 24854 975238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghada Adel Ibrahim''' (Arabic, an haife ta ne a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1974) [[Ɗan wasa|'yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Masar kuma Mai gabatar da talabijin. == Rayuwa ta farko == An kuma haife ta ne a [[Benghazi]], [[Libya]], a cikin iyalin Masar masu aiki.<ref>{{Citation|title=بالفيديو: "مذكرات" غادة عادل بالليبي|url=http://alwasat.ly/news/art-culture/152966}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=عيد ميلادها الـ48.. كواليس طفولة غادة عادل في ليبيا|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/6379318|quote=الفنانة غادة عادل ولدت في لبيبا، رغم أنها من عائلة مصرية، حيث كان والدها يعمل هناك، وفي صغرها، حين كانت تعيش هناك، تذكرت موقفًا لن تنساه في حياتها، حين كانت تعيش في أحد العقارات...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Ghada Adel,The Egyptian Start Stays Young At Heart|url=https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/|access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ƴar Masar ita ce kuma' ƴar'uwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams el-baroudi]] ta hanyar mahaifiyarsu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=شمس البارودي تكشف صلة القرابة التي تجمعها بريم البارودي وغادة عادل {{!}} وكالة الرأي الدولية|url=https://www.alrai-iq.com/2018/10/01/413570/|access-date=2020-06-30|website=www.alrai-iq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=شمس البارودي.. فنانة مصرية من أصول سورية حملت لقب “أميرة سعودية” قبل أن تعتزل وترتدي الحجاب |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2022/10/4/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%84%d9%82%d8%aa |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref> Mahaifiyar ta mutu lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyu kawai, don haka ita da' yan uwanta sun zauna tare da mahaifinsu da matarsa ta biyu a Libya inda mahaifinta ke aiki, kodayake sun yi hutun shekara-shekara a gida a [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. Tana da ɗan'uwa mai girma da 'yan'uwa mata uku. Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Benghazi bayan ta yi karatun gudanar da kasuwanci da kasuwanci. fara yin samfurin a cikin tallace-tallace, ta bayyana tare da Hany Shaker a cikin ''Tekhsary'' na shekara 1997, sannan ta dauki bakuncin shirin talabijin na ''Fawazir abyad wa aswad'' . [1] == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko ya kasance a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na ''Zizinya'' a cikin shekarar 1997, kuma fim dinta na farko ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' a cikin shekarara 1998 tare da Mohamed Henedi . Ta yi aiki a manyan matsayi a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da Belyah da High Mind a cikin shekara 2000, El ''Bawa telmeez'' a cikin shekarar 2004 tare da Karim Abd El-Aziz, Lover Boys a cikin 2005 tare da Hamada Helal, She Made Me Criminal a cikin 2006 tare da Ahmed Helmy da Hassan Hosny, da ''Ahwak'' a cikin 2015 tare da Tamer Hosny . Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, ciki har da ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'a'' a cikin shekarar 2005 tare da [[Hany Ramzy (dan wasan kwaikwayo)|Hany Ramzy]], Dead Heart a 2008 tare da Sherif Mounir da ''Saraya Abden'' a 2015 tare da Qusai Khouli . <ref>[https://www.enigma-mag.com/ghada-adel/ Ghada Adel The Egyptian Start Stays Young at Heart] interview with Enigma magazine in 2012</ref> A cikin shekarar 2019, ta fara yaduwa a dandamali da yawa na kafofin sada zumunta saboda kallon da ta yi a bikin fina-finai na El Gouna .<ref>{{Citation|title=Ghada Adel Goes Viral for Her Daring Look at GFF|date=25 September 2019|url=https://see.news/ghada-adel-goes-viral-for-her-daring-look-at-gff/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kakanta ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ritaya [[Shams al-Baroudi|Shams El Baroudi]] . Ta yi aure na tsawon shekaru 20 ga darektan Masar da kuma furodusa [[Magdy El Hawari]], wanda kuma ya taimaka wajen gabatar da ita ga fina-finai da yawa. Suna da 'ya'ya biyar, maza huɗu da mace ɗaya. An sanar da saki daga gare shi bayan shekara guda na rabuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/after-20-years-ghada-adel-announces-her-divorce-1176114|title=After 20 Years, Ghada Adel Announces Her Divorce|website=Al Bawaba}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Fina-finai === * ''Saʽidi a Jami'ar Amurka'' (1998) * ''Abboud a kan iyakoki'' (1999) * ''Belyah da Babban Zuciyarsa'' (2000) * ''55 Ambulance'' (2001) * ''Albasha Altemeth'' (2004) * ''Alexandria mai zaman kanta'' (2005) * Yara Masu Ƙauna (2005) * Hamada Playing (2005) * ''Ta sanya Ni Mai Laifi'' (2006) * A cikin Heliopolis Flat (2007) * ''Neama Bay'' (2007) * ''Klashinkov'' (2008) * ''Ɗan kwastam'' (2010) * Chord (2010) * ''A kan Jikin Matattu'' (2013) * ''Ahwak'' (2015) * ''Horob na har abada 1'' (2017) * Horob Eterary 2 (2018) * ''Kasablanka'' (2019) * ''Kungiyar Maza ta Asirin'' (2019) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Zezenya'' (1997) * ''Fuskar Wata'' (2000) * ''Mabrouk Galak Ala'' (2005) * ''Rediyo Star'' (2005) * ''Almasrawiya 1'' (2007) * Mutuwar Zuciya (2008) * ''Asirin Jama'a'' (2012) * ''Bikin auren Magajin garin'' (2012) * Wani wuri a cikin fadar (2014) * ''[[Saraya Abdeen]]'' (2015) * ''Alkawari: Kalmomi Masu Hace-hance'' (2015) * ''Daidaitawa'' (2016) * ''Adli Alam Aljanu'' (2017) === Jerin Rediyo === * ''Layin tare da Kai'' (2007) * ''Alhamis ko Jumma'a'' (2008) * ''Sheireef Rebelna El khafif'' (2009) * ''Ga Masar'' (2010) * ''Reya wa Meskena'' (2017) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * ''Fararen fata da baƙar fata'' (1997) * ''Khalik Jaree'' (2001) * ''Sha shayi'' (2017) === Bidiyo na Kiɗa === * ''Habeboni Fek'' (1994) tare da Amer Mounib * ''Rajeen'' (1995) tare da Amr Diab * ''Tekhsary'' (1997) Hany Shaker * Oyoun Sood (1999) zuwa Laila Ghofran == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm0011775/" id="mwASk" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ghada Adel a kan IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] 3vr5mozxbkjl0xaygrq6l7bqp8mepx9 0 73331 975242 559485 2026-11-02T17:16:00Z Nura Bello 24854 975242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Couv-Tunivisions avril2010.jpg|thumb|hoton meriam]] [[Fayil:Couv-Tunivisions avril2010.jpg|thumb|Meriem Ben Mami]] '''Meriem Ben Mami,''' (Arabic) '[[Yaren Shona|yar]] [[Wasanni|wasan]] [[kwaikwayo]] ce ta [[Ƙasar Wuta|ƙasar]] [[Tunisiya|Tunisian]] .<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tuniscope.com/article/157523/culture/stars/pour-meriem-ben-mami-naoufel-ouertani-est-devenu-un-ennemi-133017|title= Pour Meriem Ben Mami, Naoufel Ouertani est devenu un Ennemi|website=[[Tuniscope]]|accessdate=4 May 2022 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mosaiquefm.net/amp/fr/actualite-mosaique-fm-tunisie/148539/meriem-ben-mami-zaza-et-hatem-ben-amara-dans-romdhane-show|title= Meriem Ben Mami, Zaza et Hatem Ben Amara dans Romdhane Show|website=[[Mosaïque FM]]|accessdate=4 May 2022 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realites.com.tn/2017/06/mariem-ben-mami-part-au-clash/amp/?2017/06/mariem-ben-mami-part-au-clash/|title= Mariem Ben Mami part au clash|website=www.realites.com.tn|accessdate=4 May 2022 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === * 2013: Les Épines du jasmin na Rachid Ferchiou === Talabijin === ==== jerin ==== * 2008 - 2014: ''Maktoub'' na Sami Fehri: Chahinez Maaouia * 2013 - 2014: ''Kamara Cafe'' ta Ibrahim Letaïef: Douja * 2013: Happy Ness (lokaci na 1) na [[Majdi Smiri]]: Mimi * 2015: ''Tarihin Tunisiya'' na Nada Mezni Hafaiedh: Inès * 2017: ''Dawama'' ta Naim Ben Rhouma: Kamilya * 2018: ''Iyalin Lol'' ta Nejib Mnasria: Farah El Ayech * 2018: ''Tej El Hadhra'' na Sami Fehri: Lalla Douja ==== Rashin fitarwa ==== * 2012: Crocodile (babban abu 5) a gidan talabijin na Ettounsiya: Baƙo * 2013: ''Fashi'' (babban labari 10) a kan Nessma: Baƙo * 2015: ''Dari Deco'' a gidan talabijin na Ettounsiya: mai ba da labari * 2016: ''Tahadi El Chef'' (babban abu na 21) a kan M Tunisia: Baƙo * 2016: ''Omour Jedia'' a gidan talabijin na Ettounsiya: mai ba da labari * 2017: ''Aroussa w Aris'' a kan El Hiwar El Tounsi: mai ba da labari === Bidiyo === * A cikin shekarar 2011: Ina son Tunisia, wurin da Mohamed Ali Nahdi da [[Majdi Smiri]] za su kasance yanzu * [[Fayil:Couv-Tunivisions Couv Novembre 2014.jpg|thumb|Meriem Ben Mami]]2015: wurin talla don Shampoo Sensea == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 1mdjk6s6mwrrv07j581g5rzgdggkkqq 975243 975242 2026-11-02T17:16:01Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v3.1.1s 975243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Couv-Tunivisions avril2010.jpg|thumb|hoton meriam]] [[Fayil:Couv-Tunivisions avril2010.jpg|thumb|Meriem Ben Mami]] '''Meriem Ben Mami,''' (Arabic) '[[Yaren Shona|yar]] [[Wasanni|wasan]] [[kwaikwayo]] ce ta [[Ƙasar Wuta|ƙasar]] [[Tunisiya|Tunisian]] .<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tuniscope.com/article/157523/culture/stars/pour-meriem-ben-mami-naoufel-ouertani-est-devenu-un-ennemi-133017|title= Pour Meriem Ben Mami, Naoufel Ouertani est devenu un Ennemi|website=[[Tuniscope]]|accessdate=4 May 2022 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mosaiquefm.net/fr/actualite-mosaique-fm-tunisie/148539/meriem-ben-mami-zaza-et-hatem-ben-amara-dans-romdhane-show|title= Meriem Ben Mami, Zaza et Hatem Ben Amara dans Romdhane Show|website=[[Mosaïque FM]]|accessdate=4 May 2022 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realites.com.tn/2017/06/mariem-ben-mami-part-au-clash/amp/?2017/06/mariem-ben-mami-part-au-clash/|title= Mariem Ben Mami part au clash|website=www.realites.com.tn|accessdate=4 May 2022 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === * 2013: Les Épines du jasmin na Rachid Ferchiou === Talabijin === ==== jerin ==== * 2008 - 2014: ''Maktoub'' na Sami Fehri: Chahinez Maaouia * 2013 - 2014: ''Kamara Cafe'' ta Ibrahim Letaïef: Douja * 2013: Happy Ness (lokaci na 1) na [[Majdi Smiri]]: Mimi * 2015: ''Tarihin Tunisiya'' na Nada Mezni Hafaiedh: Inès * 2017: ''Dawama'' ta Naim Ben Rhouma: Kamilya * 2018: ''Iyalin Lol'' ta Nejib Mnasria: Farah El Ayech * 2018: ''Tej El Hadhra'' na Sami Fehri: Lalla Douja ==== Rashin fitarwa ==== * 2012: Crocodile (babban abu 5) a gidan talabijin na Ettounsiya: Baƙo * 2013: ''Fashi'' (babban labari 10) a kan Nessma: Baƙo * 2015: ''Dari Deco'' a gidan talabijin na Ettounsiya: mai ba da labari * 2016: ''Tahadi El Chef'' (babban abu na 21) a kan M Tunisia: Baƙo * 2016: ''Omour Jedia'' a gidan talabijin na Ettounsiya: mai ba da labari * 2017: ''Aroussa w Aris'' a kan El Hiwar El Tounsi: mai ba da labari === Bidiyo === * A cikin shekarar 2011: Ina son Tunisia, wurin da Mohamed Ali Nahdi da [[Majdi Smiri]] za su kasance yanzu * [[Fayil:Couv-Tunivisions Couv Novembre 2014.jpg|thumb|Meriem Ben Mami]]2015: wurin talla don Shampoo Sensea == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] rclx9e6t1nxw435cbpjb609bs98faf5 0 76303 975170 407155 2026-11-02T14:14:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elizabeth Oshoba''' (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Oshoba |url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/elizabeth-oshoba/a3118d75-e597-4d10-af2d-41afd6a4061b |access-date=5 August 2022 |website=Birmingham2022.com |publisher=[[Birmingham Organising Committee for the 2022 Commonwealth Games Limited]]}}</ref> 'yar wasan dambe ce ta Najeriya. Ta shiga cikin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a cikin rukuni na Featherweight kuma ta lashe lambar azurfa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2022 |title=Team Nigeria Preview - 2022 Commonwealth Games Day 7 |url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2022/08/04/team-nigeria-preview-2022-commonwealth-games-day-7/ |access-date=4 August 2022 |publisher=Making of Champs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311191318/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2022/08/04/team-nigeria-preview-2022-commonwealth-games-day-7/ |archive-date=11 March 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/commonwealth-games/62423659 |title=Commonwealth Games: Boxing - Women's Feather (54-57kg) results |date=4 August 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=5 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham 2022: Elizabeth Oshoba Wins Silver In The Women's Boxing Event |url=https://www.newstimes.com.ng/birmingham-2022-elizabeth-oshoba-wins-silver-in-the-womens-boxing-event/ |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=New Times |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819054223/https://www.newstimes.com.ng/birmingham-2022-elizabeth-oshoba-wins-silver-in-the-womens-boxing-event/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] g92far99vku6enfl0tetfxalyffuqc7 0 80550 975224 507675 2026-11-02T16:47:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fadwa Tuqan''' (Arabic: فدوى طوقان, shekarata dubu daya da Dari Tara da sha bakwai -sha biyu ga Satan Disamba shekara ta dubu biyu da uku) mawakiya ne a [[Falasdinawa|Palasdinawa]] da aka sani da wakilcin juriya ga mamayar Isra'ila a cikin Waƙoƙin Larabawa na zamani. Wani lokaci ana kiranta "Mawakin Falasdinu". <ref name="Words">{{Cite web |title=Fadwa Touqan |url=http://www.wordswithoutborders.org/bio.php?author=Fadwa+Touqan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607074957/http://www.wordswithoutborders.org/bio.php?author=Fadwa%2BTouqan |archive-date=7 June 2007 |access-date=15 April 2007 |publisher=Words Without Border}}</ref> <ref name="Al Jazeera 2003">{{Cite web |date=20 December 2003 |title=Palestinian poet Fadwa Tuqan dies |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/archive/2003/12/20084914419708644.html |access-date=12 June 2020 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> == Rayuwa == An haife ta a Nablus ga dangin Tuqan na Falasdinawa masu arziki da aka sani da nasarorin da suka samu a fannoni da yawa, ta sami makaranta har zuwa shekara 13 lokacin da aka tilasta mata barin makaranta tun tana ƙarama saboda rashin lafiya. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta, Ibrahim Tuqan, wanda aka fi sani da ''Mawallafin Falasdinu'', ya ɗauki alhakin ilimantar da ita, ya ba ta littattafai don karantawa kuma ya koya mata Turanci. Shi ne kuma wanda ya gabatar da ita ga shayari.<ref name="Guardian">{{Cite web |last=Lawrence Joffe |date=15 December 2003 |title=Obituary: Fadwa Tuqan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/israel/Story/0,2763,1107273,00.html |access-date=7 June 2024 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Tuqan daga ƙarshe ta halarci Jami'ar Oxford, inda ta yi karatun [[Turanci]] da adabi.<ref name="Guardian" /> Babban ɗan'uwan Fadwa Tuqan shine Ahmad Toukan, tsohon Firayim Minista na Jordan. An san waƙoƙin Tuqan da tarihin da ta yi game da wahalar mutanenta, [[Falasdinawa|Palasdinawa]], musamman waɗanda ke zaune a ƙarƙashin mamayar Isra'ila.<ref name="Guardian">{{Cite web |last=Lawrence Joffe |date=15 December 2003 |title=Obituary: Fadwa Tuqan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/israel/Story/0,2763,1107273,00.html |access-date=7 June 2024 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLawrence_Joffe2003">Lawrence Joffe (15 December 2003). [https://www.theguardian.com/israel/Story/0,2763,1107273,00.html "Obituary: Fadwa Tuqan"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Ta ba da gudummawa ga mujallar ci gaba ta Bahraini, ''Sawt al-Bahrain'', a farkon shekarun dubu daya da Dari Tara da hamsin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wafa Alsayed |date=1 July 2020 |title=Sawt al-Bahrain: A Window onto the Gulf's Social and Political History |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2020/07/01/sawt-al-bahrain-a-window-onto-the-gulfs-social-and-political-history/ |access-date=22 April 2021 |publisher=London School of Economics}}</ref> Tuqan daga ƙarshe ya buga tarin shayari guda takwas, waɗanda aka fassara su cikin harsuna da yawa kuma suna jin daɗin shahara a duk faɗin Duniya ta Larabawa.<ref name="Guardian"/> Littafinta, Alone With the Days, ya mayar da hankali kan wahalar da mata ke fuskanta a duniyar Larabawa da maza suka mamaye.<ref name="Guardian" /> Bayan Yaƙin Kwanaki shida, waƙoƙin Tuqan sun mayar da hankali kan wahalar rayuwa a ƙarƙashin mamayar Isra'ila. Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinta da aka fi sani, "The Night and the Horsemen," ya bayyana rayuwa a ƙarƙashin mulkin soja na Isra'ila. Tuqan ta mutu a ranar shaga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2003 a lokacin da aka yi wa Al-Aqsa Intifada, yayin da garinsu na Nablus kewaye.<ref name="Words">{{Cite web |title=Fadwa Touqan |url=http://www.wordswithoutborders.org/bio.php?author=Fadwa+Touqan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607074957/http://www.wordswithoutborders.org/bio.php?author=Fadwa%2BTouqan |archive-date=7 June 2007 |access-date=15 April 2007 |publisher=Words Without Border}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070607074957/http://www.wordswithoutborders.org/bio.php?author=Fadwa%2BTouqan "Fadwa Touqan"]. Words Without Border. Archived from [http://www.wordswithoutborders.org/bio.php?author=Fadwa+Touqan the original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607074957/http://www.wordswithoutborders.org/bio.php?author=Fadwa+Touqan |date=2007-06-07 }} on 7 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Israeli Forces Continue to Perpetrate Crimes in the OPTs |url=http://www.pchrgaza.ps/files/W_report/English/2003/18-12-2003.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219011216/http://www.pchrgaza.ps/files/W_report/English/2003/18-12-2003.htm |archive-date=19 December 2007 |access-date=16 July 2007 |website=Palestinian Centre for Human Rights}}</ref> Waƙar ''Wahsha: Moustalhama min Qanoon al Jathibiya'' (Longing: Inspired by the Law of Gravity) tana ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin ƙarshe da ta rubuta yayin da take kwance.<ref name="Words" /> Tuqan is widely considered a symbol of the Palestinian cause and "one of the most distinguished figures of modern Arabic literature."<ref name="Words"/><ref name="Guardian"/> Her poetry is set by Mohammed Fairouz in his Third Symphony.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas Moore |date=12 September 2010 |title=Mohammed Fairouz: An Interview |url=http://www.operatoday.com/content/2010/09/mohammed_fairou.php |access-date=7 June 2024 |website=Opera Today'}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Matattun 2003]] hed5hev4l77ecegm7olnzw9evmltf15 0 83503 975321 884382 2026-11-02T19:38:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} A cikin zane-zane na kwamfuta, gurin '''tacewar rubutu''' ko '''sassaukar rubutu''' ita ce hanyar da ake amfani da ita don tantance launi na rubutu don taswira pixel, ta amfani da launukan texels na kusa (watau pixels na rubutu). filtering wani gurin ne a komfuta da yake Tace yana bayyana yadda ake amfani da rubutu a sifofi, girma, kusurwoyi da ma'auni daban-daban. Dangane da zaɓin algorithm tace, sakamakon zai nuna mabanbantan digiri na blurriness, daki-daki, aliasing sararin samaniya, ɓata lokaci da toshewa. Dangane da yanayin, ana iya yin tacewa a cikin software (kamar fakitin samar da software) ko cikin kayan masarufi, misali. tare da ko dai ainihin lokacin ko GPU haɓakar da'irori, ko a cikin cakuɗen duka biyun. Don galibin aikace-aikacen hoto na gama-gari, tacewar rubutu na zamani ana yin ta ne ta hanyar kayan aikin sadaukarwa wanda ke haɓaka damar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta hanyar cacheing memory da pre-debo, kuma yana aiwatar da zaɓi na algorithms samuwa ga mai amfani da mai haɓakawa. Akwai manyan nau'ikan tacewa guda biyu: tacewa girma da tacewa. <ref name="glprogramming_chapter09">{{Cite web |date=2009-02-13 |title=Chapter 9 - OpenGL Programming Guide |url=http://www.glprogramming.com/red/chapter09.html#name3 |access-date=2018-01-14 |publisher=Glprogramming.com |at=Filtering |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107050140/http://www.glprogramming.com/red/chapter09.html#name3 |archive-date=2018-01-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dangane da halin da ake ciki, tacewar rubutu shine ko dai nau'in tacewa na sake ginawa inda aka haɗa bayanai da yawa don cike giɓi (girma), ko kuma nau'in anti-aliasing (AA) inda samfuran rubutu ke kasancewa a mitar mafi girma fiye da yadda ake buƙata don mitar samfurin. da ake buƙata don cika rubutu (minification). Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na tace rubutu, waɗanda ke yin ciniki daban-daban tsakanin rikitarwa na lissafi, bandwidth ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ingancin hoto. == Bukatar tacewa == Yayin aiwatar da taswirar rubutu don kowane yanayi na 3D na sabani, a''{{Visible anchor|texture lookup}}'' yana faruwa don gano inda akan rubutun kowace cibiyar pixel ta faɗi. Don shimfidar polygonal da aka yi taswirar rubutu wanda ya ƙunshi alwatika na yau da kullun na yawancin filaye a cikin wasannin 3D da fina-finai, kowane pixel (ko samfurin pixel na ƙasa ) na wancan saman za a haɗa shi da wasu alwatika (s) da saitin daidaitawar barycentric, waɗanda ake amfani da su don samar da matsayi a cikin rubutu. Irin wannan matsayi bazai kwanta daidai akan "grid pixel ba," yana buƙatar wasu ayyuka don lissafin waɗannan lokuta. A wasu kalmomi, tunda saman da aka ƙera yana iya kasancewa a nesa da ba daidai ba da kuma daidaitawa dangane da mai kallo, pixel ɗaya ba ya saba daidai da texel ɗaya kai tsaye. Dole ne a yi amfani da wani nau'i na tacewa don tantance mafi kyawun launi don pixel. Rashin isasshe ko kuskuren tacewa zai bayyana a cikin hoton azaman kayan tarihi (kurakurai a cikin hoton), kamar 'toshewa', jaggies, ko shummering. Za a iya samun nau'ikan wasiƙu daban-daban tsakanin pixel da texel/texels da yake wakilta akan allon. Wadannan sun dogara ne akan matsayi na rubutun da aka rubuta dangane da mai kallo, kuma ana buƙatar nau'i daban-daban na tacewa a kowane hali. Idan aka ba da rubutun murabba'i da aka yi taswira akan farfajiyar murabba'i a cikin duniya, a wasu nisan kallo girman pixel allo ɗaya daidai yake da texel ɗaya. Kusa da wancan, texels sun fi pixels girma, kuma suna buƙatar haɓakawa yadda ya kamata - tsarin da aka sani da ''haɓaka rubutu'' . Nisa daga nesa, kowane texel ya yi ƙasa da pixel, don haka pixel ɗaya ya rufe texels da yawa. A wannan yanayin dole ne a ɗauki launi mai dacewa bisa ga rufaffiyar texels, ta hanyar ''rage rubutu'' . [[API|API ɗin]] zane-zane irin su OpenGL suna ƙyale mai tsara shirye-shirye don saita zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban don ragewa da matattarar haɓakawa. <ref name="glprogramming_chapter09"/> Lura cewa ko da a yanayin da pixels da texels suke daidai girman girman, pixel ɗaya ba lallai bane yayi daidai daidai da texel ɗaya. Yana iya zama ba daidai ba ko jujjuya shi, kuma yana rufe sassan har zuwa texels makwabta hudu. Don haka har yanzu ana buƙatar wani nau'i na tacewa. == Mipmapping == Mipmapping daidaitaccen dabara ce da ake amfani da ita don adana wasu ayyukan tacewa da ake buƙata yayin rage rubutu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Williams |first=Lance |year=1983 |title=Pyramidal parametrics |url=http://faculty.cs.tamu.edu/jchai/CPSC641/p1-williams.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1145/964967.801126 |issn=0097-8930 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606153929/http://faculty.cs.tamu.edu/jchai/CPSC641/p1-williams.pdf |archive-date=2016-06-06 |access-date=2017-02-14}}</ref> Hakanan yana da fa'ida sosai don daidaitawar cache - ba tare da shi ba tsarin samun damar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yayin yin samfuri daga sassauƙa mai nisa zai nuna ƙaƙƙarfan wuri mara kyau, yana da illa ga aiki ko da ba a yi tacewa ba. A lokacin haɓaka rubutu, adadin texels waɗanda ke buƙatar duba sama don kowane pixel koyaushe shine huɗu ko ƙasa da haka; yayin da ake ragewa, duk da haka, yayin da polygon da aka zayyana ya yi nisa da nisa wanda zai iya faɗuwa ''gabaɗayan rubutun'' zuwa pixel ɗaya. Wannan zai buƙaci karanta '''duk''' texels ɗin sa da kuma haɗa ƙimar su daidai don tantance launi pixel, aiki mai tsadar gaske. Mipmapping yana guje wa wannan ta hanyar tace rubutun da adana shi cikin ƙananan girma zuwa pixel guda. Yayin da saman da aka zayyana ya yi nisa, rubutun da ake amfani da shi yana canzawa zuwa ƙaramin girman da aka riga aka tace. Girma daban-daban na mipmap ana kiransa 'matakai', tare da matakin 0 shine mafi girman girma (amfani da mafi kusa da mai kallo), da haɓaka matakan da ake amfani da su a haɓaka nesa. == Hanyoyin tacewa == Wannan sashe yana jera hanyoyin tace rubutu da aka fi amfani da su, a cikin ƙarin tsari na ƙididdiga da ingancin hoto. === Maƙwabcin makwabci mafi kusa === Matsakaicin makwabci mafi kusa shine hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi kyawun tacewa &#x2014; kawai yana amfani da launi na texel mafi kusa da cibiyar pixel don launin pixel. Duk da yake mai sauƙi, wannan yana haifar da adadi mai yawa na kayan tarihi - rubutun 'blockiness' yayin haɓakawa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Game Engine Design: Texture Mapping |url=http://webpages.uncc.edu/krs/courses/5010/ged/lectures/texture2.pdf#page=6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417235710/https://webpages.uncc.edu/krs/courses/5010/ged/lectures/texture2.pdf#page=6 |archive-date=2021-04-17 |access-date=2017-02-14 |publisher=uncc.edu |at=Texture Magnification}}</ref> da aliasing da shimmering yayin ƙaddamarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Game Engine Design: Texture Mapping |url=http://webpages.uncc.edu/krs/courses/5010/ged/lectures/texture2.pdf#page=7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417235710/https://webpages.uncc.edu/krs/courses/5010/ged/lectures/texture2.pdf#page=7 |archive-date=2021-04-17 |access-date=2017-02-14 |publisher=uncc.edu |at=Texture Minification}}</ref> Wannan hanyar tana da sauri yayin haɓakawa amma yayin haɓaka haɓaka ta hanyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana zama babba ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma sau da yawa yana iya zama ƙasa da inganci fiye da taswirar taswirar MIP saboda rashin samun madaidaicin damar rubutu da sake amfani da layukan cache. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hendrik Lensch |date=2007-11-29 |title=Computer Graphics: Texture Filtering & Sampling Theory |url=http://resources.mpi-inf.mpg.de/departments/d4/teaching/ws200708/cg/slides/CG09-Textures+Filtering.pdf#page=28 |access-date=2018-01-14 |publisher=[[Max Planck Society]] |at=MipMaps |archive-date=2017-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010113331/http://resources.mpi-inf.mpg.de/departments/d4/teaching/ws200708/cg/slides/CG09-Textures+Filtering.pdf#page=28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Makwabci mafi kusa tare da mipmapping === Wannan hanyar har yanzu tana amfani da maƙwabcin maƙwabta mafi kusa, amma tana ƙara yin taswira &#x2014; da farko za a zaɓi matakin mipmap mafi kusa gwargwadon nisa, sannan a zana cibiyar texel mafi kusa don samun launin pixel. Wannan yana rage aliasing da shimmering sosai yayin ragewa amma baya kawar da shi gaba ɗaya. Yin haka yana haɓaka damar ƙwaƙwalwar rubutu da sake amfani da cache-line ta hanyar guje wa manyan hanyoyin samun dama ta hanyar ƙwaƙwalwar rubutu yayin rasterization. Wannan baya taimakawa tare da toshewa yayin haɓakawa kamar yadda kowane girman texel zai kasance har yanzu yana bayyana azaman babban rectangle. === Mipmap tace === Kadan da aka saba amfani da shi, OpenGL da sauran APIs suna goyan bayan samfurin maƙwabci mafi kusa daga kowane mipmaps yayin da ke tsaka da tsaka-tsakin mipmaps biyu mafi kusa da suka dace da samfurin. === Tace bilinear === A cikin tacewa Bilinear, ana zana nau'ikan texels huɗu mafi kusa da cibiyar pixel (a matakin mipmap mafi kusa), kuma ana haɗa launukansu ta matsakaicin nauyi gwargwadon nisa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Markus Hadwiger |date=2015-03-09 |title=GPU and GPGPU Programming Lecture 12: GPU Texturing 2 |url=https://faculty.kaust.edu.sa/sites/markushadwiger/Documents/CS380_spring2015_lecture_12.pdf#page=4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124222104/https://faculty.kaust.edu.sa/sites/markushadwiger/Documents/CS380_spring2015_lecture_12.pdf#page=4 |archive-date=2021-01-24 |access-date=2017-02-14 |publisher=[[KAUST]] |at=Texture Reconstruction: Magnification}}</ref> Wannan yana kawar da 'toshewar' da ake gani yayin haɓakawa, saboda a yanzu ana samun sassaucin launi na canjin launi daga texel ɗaya zuwa na gaba, maimakon tsalle-tsalle yayin da cibiyar pixel ke ketare iyakar texel. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Markus Hadwiger |date=2015-03-09 |title=GPU and GPGPU Programming Lecture 12: GPU Texturing 2 |url=https://faculty.kaust.edu.sa/sites/markushadwiger/Documents/CS380_spring2015_lecture_12.pdf#page=9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124222104/https://faculty.kaust.edu.sa/sites/markushadwiger/Documents/CS380_spring2015_lecture_12.pdf#page=9 |archive-date=2021-01-24 |access-date=2017-02-14 |publisher=[[KAUST]] |at=Texture Anti-Aliasing: MIP Mapping}}</ref> Tace bilinear don tacewa girma ya zama gama gari. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don ragewa ana amfani da shi tare da mipmapping; ko da yake ana iya amfani da shi ba tare da shi ba, zai sha wahala iri ɗaya da matsaloli masu ƙyalli kamar tace maƙwabci mafi kusa idan an rage shi da yawa. Don madaidaicin ma'aunin ƙima, duk da haka, ana iya amfani da shi azaman babban samfuri mai saurin nauyi na kayan aiki mara tsada. Nintendo 64 ya yi amfani da wani sabon salo na tacewa bilinear inda ake amfani da pixels uku kawai da aka sani da tace rubutu mai ma'ana 3, maimakon hudu saboda matsalolin inganta kayan aiki. Wannan yana gabatar da sanannen "ƙananan triangulation" a wasu sassa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Video game system with coprocessor providing high speed efficient 3D graphics and digital audio signal processing |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6331856 |access-date=14 November 2022}}</ref> === Tace trilinear === Tace Trilinear magani ce ga kayan tarihi na gama gari da ake gani a cikin faifan gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren bilinearly: canji mai saurin gaske da inganci a iyakoki inda mai yin jujjuyawa daga matakin mipmap zuwa na gaba. Tace mai Trilinear yana warware wannan ta hanyar yin duban rubutu da tace bilinear akan matakan mipmap ''biyu'' mafi kusa (ɗaya mafi girma da ƙanƙanta ɗaya), sannan kuma yana daidaita sakamakon a layi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hendrik Lensch |date=2007-11-29 |title=Computer Graphics: Texture Filtering & Sampling Theory |url=http://resources.mpi-inf.mpg.de/departments/d4/teaching/ws200708/cg/slides/CG09-Textures+Filtering.pdf#page=26 |access-date=2018-01-14 |publisher=[[Max Planck Society]] |at=MipMapping II |archive-date=2017-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010113331/http://resources.mpi-inf.mpg.de/departments/d4/teaching/ws200708/cg/slides/CG09-Textures+Filtering.pdf#page=26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan yana haifar da lalatar ingancin rubutu mai santsi yayin da nisa daga mai kallo ke ƙaruwa, maimakon jerin faɗuwar kwatsam. Tabbas, kusa da Level 0 akwai matakin mipmap ɗaya kawai akwai, kuma algorithm ɗin yana komawa zuwa tace bilinear. === Anisotropic tacewa === Anisotropic tacewa shine mafi girman ingancin tacewa da ake samu a cikin katunan zane na 3D masu amfani na yanzu. Mafi sauƙi, fasahohin "isotropic" suna amfani da mipmaps murabba'i kawai waɗanda aka haɗa su ta amfani da tace bi- ko trilinear. ( ''Isotropic'' yana nufin iri ɗaya a duk kwatance, don haka ana amfani da shi don bayyana tsarin da duk taswirorin ke da murabba'i maimakon murabba'i ko wasu ɓangarorin huɗu.) Lokacin da saman ya kasance a babban kusurwa dangane da kyamara, wurin cikawa don rubutu ba zai zama kusan murabba'i ba. Yi la'akari da al'amarin gama gari na bene a cikin wasa: wurin cikawa ya fi tsayi nesa. A wannan yanayin, babu ɗayan taswirar murabba'in da ke da kyau. Sakamakon shine blurriness da/ko shimmering, dangane da yadda aka zaɓi dacewa. Anisotropic tacewa yana gyara wannan ta hanyar yin samfurin rubutu azaman sifar maras murabba'i. Manufar ita ce a samar da nau'in rubutu don dacewa da sawun pixel kamar yadda aka tsara zuwa sararin rubutu, kuma irin wannan sawun ba koyaushe yana daidaitawa da rubutu ba. Bugu da ari, lokacin da ake mu'amala da ka'idar samfurin pixel ba ƙaramin murabba'i ba ne <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alvy Ray Smith |author-link=Alvy Ray Smith |date=1995-07-17 |title=A Pixel Is Not A Little Square! (And a Voxel is Not a Little Cube) - Technical Memo 6 |url=http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/spr05/cos426/papers/smith95b.pdf |access-date=2018-01-14 |publisher=cs.princeton.edu}}</ref> don haka sawun sa ba zai zama murabba'i da aka yi hasashe ba. Haɗin sawun sawun a cikin samfuran sararin rubutu yana ɗaukar wasu ƙididdiga na aikin ƙididdiga na pixel da aka yi hasashe a cikin sararin rubutu amma cikakkun bayanai galibi suna da ƙima, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hendrik Lensch |date=2007-11-29 |title=Computer Graphics: Texture Filtering & Sampling Theory |url=http://resources.mpi-inf.mpg.de/departments/d4/teaching/ws200708/cg/slides/CG09-Textures+Filtering.pdf#page=20 |access-date=2018-01-14 |publisher=[[Max Planck Society]] |at=Anisotropic Filtering |archive-date=2017-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010113331/http://resources.mpi-inf.mpg.de/departments/d4/teaching/ws200708/cg/slides/CG09-Textures+Filtering.pdf#page=20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> na mallaka ne sosai kuma masu zurfin ra'ayi game da ka'idar samfurin. A ra'ayi ko da yake makasudin shine a samar da mafi daidaitaccen samfurin anisotropic na daidaitawa da ya dace don kauce wa rikici tsakanin aliasing a kan wani axis vs. blurring akan ɗayan lokacin da girman girman ya bambanta. A cikin aiwatar da anisotropic, tacewa na iya haɗawa da algorithms tacewa iri ɗaya da aka yi amfani da su don tace murabba'in taswirorin mipmapping na gargajiya yayin gina matsakaici ko sakamako na ƙarshe. === Kashi na kusa tacewa === Taswirar taswirar inuwa mai zurfi na iya amfani da [[Percentage Closer Filter|Filter Kusa da Kashi]] Mai ban sha'awa (PCF) tare da zane mai zurfin taswira wanda ke faɗaɗa fahimtar mutum game da nau'ikan matatun rubutu waɗanda za a iya amfani da su. A cikin PCF ana yin taswirar zurfin wurin daga tushen haske. Yayin aiwatar da wurin na gaba wannan taswirar zurfin za'a yi hasashen komawa cikin wurin daga wurin hasken kuma ana yin kwatance tsakanin haɗin zurfin tsinkaya da zurfin samfurin rubutu da aka samo. Haɗin kai zai zama zurfin pixels na wurin daga haske amma zurfin da aka samo daga taswirar zurfin zai wakilci zurfin wurin tare da wannan jagorar da aka tsara. Ta wannan hanyar za a iya yin ƙayyadaddun ganuwa ga haske don haka haskakawa ta hanyar haske za a iya yin pixel da aka yi. Don haka wannan aikin rubutun shine gwajin boolean na ko pixel yana haskakawa, duk da haka ana iya gwada samfurori da yawa don pixel da aka ba da kuma an taƙaita sakamakon boolean da matsakaita. Ta wannan hanyar a hade tare da sigogi daban-daban kamar samfurin samfurin texel har ma da zurfin tsinkayar taswirar taswira matsakaicin kwatancen-zurfin-zurfin-zurfin ko kashi na samfuran kusa don haka ana iya haskaka haske don pixel. Mahimmanci, taƙaita sakamakon boolean da ƙima na ƙimar kaso dole ne a yi aiki bayan zurfin kwatancen zurfin tsinkaya da ɗauko samfurin, don haka wannan zurfin kwatancen ya zama wani sashe mai mahimmanci na tace rubutu. Ana iya amfani da wannan kashi don auna lissafin hasashe da samar da ba kawai hasken boolean ko darajar inuwa ba amma sakamakon penumbra mai laushi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reeves |first=William T. |last2=Salesin |first2=David H. |last3=Cook |first3=Robert L. |date=1987-08-01 |title=Rendering antialiased shadows with depth maps |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c84b/f26d73ab6ed258db8b33e87e0cd291c89c43.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=283–291 |doi=10.1145/37402.37435 |issn=0097-8930 |s2cid=18320563 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115001510/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c84b/f26d73ab6ed258db8b33e87e0cd291c89c43.pdf |archive-date=2018-01-15}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Randima Fernando |date=2008-07-02 |title=Percentage-Closer Soft Shadows |url=http://developer.download.nvidia.com/shaderlibrary/docs/shadow_PCSS.pdf |access-date=2018-01-14 |publisher=[[NVIDIA Corporation]]}}</ref> Ana goyan bayan sigar wannan a cikin kayan aikin zamani inda ake yin kwatancen kuma ana amfani da matatar bilinear na post boolean ta nisa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-15 |title=WebGL WEBGL_depth_texture Khronos Ratified Extension Specification |url=https://www.khronos.org/registry/webgl/extensions/WEBGL_depth_texture/ |access-date=2018-01-14 |publisher=Khronos.org}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Algorithms na Sikeli-Art * Atlas Texture == manazarta == <references> <ref name="glprogramming_chapter09"/> </references> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e8ge90j8cqd8iqtmudtlvclwb9ru4tu 0 83918 975280 528358 2026-11-02T17:54:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} Tana da M.A.a cikin Ka'idar Ilimi da Ayyuka a shekarata alif (1993) da MA a fannin wallafe-wallafen Larabci na zamani (1996), duka daga Jami'ar Jihar Ohio. An kuma zaba ta don lambar yabo ta Astrid Lindgren Memorial acikin shekarata 2010, 2011, 2016, da 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Fatima Sharafeddine |url=https://www.kalimatgroup.ae/en/our-authors.html?___store=en&translated_byy=1249&___from_store=ar |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=27 December 2020 |website=Kalimat Group}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=4 Arabic-language Writers Nominated for 2020 Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award! |url=https://arabkidlitnow.com/2019/10/17/4-arabic-language-writers-nominated-for-2020-astrid-lindgren-memorial-award/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=27 December 2020 |website=ArabKidLitNow}}</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== mi0kbg8p85atej9rm6znlftxvi9dmt6 0 84228 975496 907567 2026-11-03T08:45:21Z Zahrah0 14848 975496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tabkin Kivu''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-NDAHIMANA FRANK (NDAHIMANA FRANK PORTER)-KIVU.wav|pronunciation}}) yana daya daga cikin Manyan Tabkunan Afirka.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Yana kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma yana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yamma na Rift din Gabashin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=H.-K. |last2=Herzen |first2=R. P. |date=1974-06-01 |title=A Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East Africa |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb04091.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1974GeoJ...37..371W |issn=0956-540X}}</ref> Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa cikin Kogin Ruzizi, wanda ke gudu zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tabkin Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Gisenyi (6817417653).jpg|alt=|thumb|Gabar tafkin Kivu a Gisenyi, Ruwanda]] A baya, Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa arewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga Farar Nile. Kimanin shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, ayyukan aman wuta sun toshe mashikin Tafkin Kivu zuwa madatsar ruwan Nile.<ref name="Danley">{{cite journal|last1=Danley|first1=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|pmc=3408716|year=2012|last2=Husemann|first2=Martin|last3=Ding|first3=Baoqing|last4=Dipietro|first4=Lyndsay M.|last5=Beverly|first5=Emily J.|last6=Peppe|first6=Daniel J.|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aman wutar ya samar da duwatsu, ciki har da Duwatsun Virunga, waɗanda suka taso tsakanin Tafkin Kivu da Tafkin Edward, zuwa arewa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|page=34|access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Ruwa daga Tafkin Kivu sai aka tursasa shi zuwa kudu ta cikin Ruzizi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya daga matakin Tafkin Tanganyika, wanda ya ambaliya ta Kogin Lukuga.<ref name="Danley"/> Tafkin Kivu yana daya daga cikin tabkuna uku a duniya, tare da Tabkin Nyos da Tafkin Monoun, wadanda ke fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa (CO2)). Kasan tafkin kuma yana dauke da iskar gas ta methane (CH4). Idan fashewar limnic ta faru, rayuwar mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a kusa za ta kasance cikin hadari. ==Yanayin ƙasa== Tabkin Kivu yana da tsayin kusan 42 km kuma faɗinsa ya kai 50 km a mafi faɗi.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/206 206]–207|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Siffarsa maras daidaituwa tana sa auna madaidaicin faɗin samansa ya zama mai wahala; an kiyasta cewa ya mamaye fadin saman kusan 2700 km2, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tafki na takwas mafi girma a Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-lakes-in-africa.html|title=The Largest Lakes in Africa|website=WorldAtlas|date=15 June 2020 }}</ref> Saman tabkin yana zaune ne a tsayin 1460 m sama da matakin teku. Wannan tabki yana da damar fuskantar fashewar limnic duk bayan shekaru 1000.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Tabkin yana da zurfin mita 475 a mafi zurfi da kuma matsakaicin zurfi na mita 220, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tafki na ashirin mafi zurfi a duniya ta fuskar mafi zurfi, kuma na sha uku ta fuskar matsakaicin zurfi.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Kasan tabkin yana kan kwarin rift wanda ke rabe a hankali, yana haifar da ayyukan aman wuta a yankin. Tsibiri na goma mafi girma a duniya a cikin tabki, Idjwi, yana cikin Tabkin Kivu. === Yanayin zaman jama'a === Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 1,370 ko kashi 58 na ruwan tabkin yana cikin iyakokin DRC.<ref name=":0" /> Garuruwan da ke gabar tabkin sun hada da Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake da Goma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sai kuma Gisenyi, Kibuye, da Cyangugu a Ruwanda. A farkon shekara ta 2025, yayin yakin M23, dakarun sojin Ruwanda da Kungiyar M23 sun mamaye dukkan garuruwan da ke gefen tabkin na Kongo, inda aka kwace babban birnin lardin Goma a watan Janairu kuma dukkan garuruwan suna karkashin ikon M23 tun daga farkon watan Maris.<ref name=":015">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi |trans-title=DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/03/14/rdc-sur-les-8-territoires-que-compte-le-sud-kivu-7-sont-desormais-sous-occupation-apres |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Maris, M23 ta sauka a tsibirin Idjwi, inda ta mamaye shi ba tare da wani juriya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo War Security Review, March 4, 2025 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/congo-war-security-review/congo-war-security-review-march-4-2025 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref> ==Kemistri== Tabkin Kivu tabki ne na meromictic wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai dadi a samansa kuma yake kara gishiri yayin da ake zurfafa gudanarwa, tare da gishiri da ke kusantar 6 g/kg kusa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Tobias |last2=Schmid |first2=Martin |last3=Wüest |first3=Alfred |date=2019 |title=The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11066 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=650–660 |doi=10.1002/lno.11066 |bibcode=2019LimOc..64..650S |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Tare da Tabkin Nyos na Kamaru da Tabkin Monoun, Tabkin Kivu yana daya cikin tabkuna uku da aka sani da fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa). Kewaye da tabkin, masu bincike sun gano shaidar bacewar halittu masu yawa a cikin gida kusan kowane shekaru dubu, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana faruwa ne sakamakon fitar iskar gas. Dalilin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwa a Tabkin Kivu ba a sani ba, amma ana zargin ayyukan aman wuta da sauyin yanayi duka biyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fowkes |first1=Neville |last2=Mason |first2=David |last3=Hutchinson |first3=A.J. |title=Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group: Emissions from Lake Kivu |date=2018 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |isbn=978-0-9870336-8-0 |pages=27–73 |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/conferences/misgsa/documents/2018/LakeKivuReportRefereedFinal.pdf |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Sinadaran iskar gas na tabkuna masu fashewa sun bambanta ga kowane tabki. A yanayin Tabkin Kivu, ya hada da methane (CH4) da carbon dioxide (CO2), sakamakon mu'amalar ruwan tabkin da magudanar ruwan zafi na aman wuta.<ref name="Wenz">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/knowable-100720-1|title=The danger lurking in an African lake|year=2020|last1=Wenz|first1=John|journal=Knowable Magazine|s2cid=225118318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adadin methane da ke kasan tabkin an kiyasta ya kai 65 km3. Idan aka kona shi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta hadin gwiwa (combined-cycle), wannan adadin na methane zai iya samar da kusan megawatt 40,000 na tsawon shekara guda, wanda ya yi daidai da karfin wutar lantarki har sau shida na madatsar ruwa ta Grand Coulee Dam a lokacin kololuwar ruwan bazara. Tabkin kuma yana dauke da kimanin 256 km3 na carbon dioxide wanda, idan aka sake shi a lokacin fashewa, zai iya shake dukkan mazauna gabar tabkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/explosive-hazard-hiding-african-lake-180976024/|title=The Explosive Hazard Hiding in an African Lake|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Zafin ruwan ya kai 24 °C, kuma ma'auninsa na pH yana kusa da 7 a yankin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, da kuma kusa da 9 a ruwan da ke da iskar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Njala University, Sierra Leone |last2=Olapade |first2=Oj |last3=Omitoyin |first3=Bo |last4=University of Ibadan, Nigeria |date=2012-08-03 |title=Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=12 |issue=53 |pages=6517–6536 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.53.9840|hdl=1807/55851 |s2cid=70874696 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An bayyana cewa kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage CO2 na aman wuta.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nayar | first1 = Anjali | year = 2009 | title = A lakeful of trouble | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = 7253| pages = 321–323 | doi=10.1038/460321a| pmid = 19606123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Juyawar ruwa a gaba da sakin iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwan Tabkin Kivu zai haifar da mummunan bala'i, wanda zai sha gaban tarihin juyawar ruwa da aka gani a tabkunan Nyos da Monoun wadanda suka fi kankanta. Rayuwar kusan mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a yankin kwatami na tabkin za ta kasance cikin barazana.<ref name="Wenz"/> Samfuran kasa da aka debo daga yankin Bukavu Bay na tabkin sun nuna cewa kasan yana da shimfidar ma'adanai na monohydrocalcite da ke hade da diatoms, a saman lallaken sapropelic mai dauke da sinadarin pyrite mai yawa. Ana samun wadannan a matakai guda uku daban-daban. An yi amanna cewa lallaken sapropelic yana da alaka da fitar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa kuma diatoms suna da alaka da yaduwar tsiro wanda ya rage matakin carbon dioxide har ya sa monohydrocalcite ya yi kwasfa.<ref>"Stoffers, P., and Fischbeck, R. (1974) Monohydrocalcite in the sediments of Lake Kivu (East Africa) ''Sedimentology'', 21, 163–170.</ref> Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa isasshen haduwar aman wuta da kasan ruwan tabkin mai dauke da iskar gas mai yawa zai dumama ruwan, ya tursasa methane fitowa daga ruwan, ya haifar da fashewar methane, sannan ya janyo sakin carbon dioxide kusan a lokaci guda, koda yake shigar mita cubic miliyan 1 na danyen aman wuta (lava) lokacin fashewar watan Janairu na shekarar 2002 bai yi wani tasiri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seach |first=John |date=January 17–25, 2002 |title=Archived Volcano News - John Seach |url=https://volcanolive.com/news16.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref name=solidarites> {{cite web | url=https://www.eawag.ch/forschung/surf/gruppen/kivu/publications/Halbwachs_2002_Investigations_in_Lake_Kivu.pdf | title=Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability | publisher=Solidarities | author=Halbwachs| date=2002-03-09 | access-date=2012-12-21 |display-authors=etal}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917101646/http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf mirror] </ref> Carbon dioxide din zai shake dimbin mutane a yankin kwatami na tabkin yayin da iskar gas din ke shawagi a saman ruwan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tabkin zai iya haifar da tsunamin tabki yayin da iskar gas din ke fashewa daga cikinsa.<ref name="Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2015 |title=Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/rwanda-and-drc-sign-agreement-over-l-kivu-methane-gas-exploration/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Killer Lakes">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2002 |title=Killer Lakes - Transcript |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakestrans.shtml |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>[http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ "In the Shadow of Doom"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142857/http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ |date=2007-09-28 }}, ''The Walrus'', May 2006</ref> An fara fahimtar hadarin da Tabkin Kivu ke fuskanta ne yayin nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a Tabkin Nyos. Da farko an dauki methane na Tabkin Kivu a matsayin arha na albarkatun kasa kawai don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da samar da wutar lantarki mai sauki. Da zarar an fara fahimtar hanyoyin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwan tabkin, sai kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da tabkin ke haifarwa ga mazauna yankin ya karu. An sanya bututun iska na gwaji a Tabkin Nyos a shekarar 2001 don fitar da iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwa, amma irin wannan mafita ga Tabkin Kivu wanda ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba zai kasance mai tsada sosai. Kimanin tan miliyan 500 na carbon dioxide da ke cikin tabkin yana kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na adadin da bil'adam ke sakewa duk shekara ta hanyar kona man fetur. Don haka, tsarin sakin sa na iya haifar da farashi fiye da ginin tsarin da sarrafa shi kawai. Wannan matsalar da ke da alaka da yaduwar methane ita ce ta mazuku, kalmar Swahili da ke nufin "mummunar iska" don fitar da methane da carbon dioxide da ke kashe mutane da dabbobi, kuma tana iya kashe shuke-shuke lokacin da take da yawa. ===Hakar Methane=== [[File:Methane extraction platform at Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Wani dandamalin hakar methane a Tabkin Kivu, Gisenyi, Ruwanda.|alt=]] Kwanan nan an gano cewa Tabkin Kivu yana dauke da kusan mita cubic biliyan 55 na iskar gas mai narkewa a zurfin mita 300. Har zuwa shekarar 2004, ana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas ne a kan karamin sikeli, inda ake amfani da iskar gas din da aka hako wajen gudanar da tukunyar jirgi a kamfanin giya na Bralirwa a Gisenyi.<ref>[http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm "Case Studies : Recovery of Gas from Lake Kivu – The Goats of Rwanda"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224004457/http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm|date=2006-02-24}}, Added Value Engineering Consultants, accessed 4 May 2007</ref><ref name=powerhouse>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6624395.stm |title=Rwanda's Underwater Powerhouse |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=2008-02-05 |author=Adam Mynott |work=BBC News}}</ref> Dangane da yin amfani da wannan albarkatun a kan babban sikeli, gwamnatin Ruwanda ta tattauna da bangarori da dama don hakar methane daga tabkin. A shekarar 2011 ContourGlobal, wani kamfanin makamashi na kasar Burtaniya da ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwanni masu tasowa, ya sami tallafin kudi don kaddamar da babban aikin hakar methane. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar wata kungiyar Ruwanda ta cikin gida mai suna KivuWatt Power Station, ta yin amfani da dandamalin jirgin ruwa na teku don hako, rabuwa, da tsabtace iskar gas da aka samu daga kasan tabkin kafin a tura methane mai tsafta ta bututun karkashin ruwa zuwa injinan gas na kan gaba. An kammala matakin farko na aikin, wanda ke sarrafa injina guda uku a gabar tabkin da kuma samar da MW 26 na wutar lantarki ga grid na cikin gida. Mataki na gaba yana da nufin tura ƙarin injina guda tara a 75 MW don samar da jimillar ƙarfin 101 MW.<ref name="contourglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.contourglobal.com/asset/kivuwatt|title=Assets: KivuWatt|publisher=ContourGlobal|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an bai wa Symbion Power Lake Kivu Limited yarjejeniyar rangwame da yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki (PPA) a shekarar 2015, don samar da MW 50 na wutar lantarki ta amfani da methane na Tabkin Kivu. Ana sa ran za a fara aikin gine-gine a shekarar 2019, tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta farko (Mataki na 1 - 14 MW) a cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2020. An tsara masana'antar ta fara aiki sosai a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065702/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/digital-transformation-1-1 |title=Energy Division |website=MININFRA |access-date=July 14, 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Symbion Power ya sayi wani rangwame na karin MW 25 kuma a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar PPA tare da Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwanda wanda zai iya ganin an aika MW 8 na wutar lantarki zuwa Grid watanni shida bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar PPA. Wannan rangwame yana kan rukunin masana'antar gwaji ta farko da aka sani da KP1.{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Baya ga kula da hakar iskar gas, KivuWatt kuma zai kula da masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sayar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnatin Ruwanda a karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA). Wannan yana bawa KivuWatt damar sarrafa hadakar makamashi na tsaye daga wurin hakar zuwa wurin sayarwa zuwa cikin grid na cikin gida. An ce hakar tana da tasiri sosai kuma mai sauki ce saboda da zarar an tura ruwan mai dauke da iskar gas sama, iskar gas din da ke narke (musamman carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide da methane) suna fara kumfa yayin da matsin ruwan ke raguwa. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai kara karfin samar da makamashi na Ruwanda har sau 20, kuma zai bai wa Ruwanda damar sayar da wutar lantarki ga kasashen Afirka makwabta.<ref name=powerhouse /> An ba kamfanin kyautar yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Afirka ta shekarar 2011 saboda kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsare-tsaren samar da kudi da ta samu daga kafofi daban-daban don aikin KivuWatt.<ref>{{cite web|title= Methane gas project gets global award|url= http://rwandaenergy.com/2012/02/rwanda-methane-gas-project-gets-global-award/|publisher= www.rwandaenergy.com|access-date= 7 March 2012}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= African power deal of the year 2011 KivuWatt |url=http://www.projectfinancemagazine.com/Article/2974654/Search-Results/African-Power-Deal-of-the-Year-2011-KivuWatt.html?PartialFields=(CATEGORY_448_IDS%3a).(CATEGORY_904_IDS%3a14673)&OrderType=1&DisplaySearchTerms=true|publisher=www.projectfinancemagazine.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Masana'antar wutar lantarki ta dala miliyan 200 tana aiki a 26 MW a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/05/16/160192/rwanda-inaugurates-groundbreaking-methane-power-project/|title=Rwanda Inaugurates Groundbreaking Methane Power Project|website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> ==Ilimin Halittu da Kamun Kifi== [[Image:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|Jiragen kamun kifi a Tabkin Kivu, 2009]] [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Paradis Malahide a cikin tabkin]] [[File:View of the sky and its reflection on Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Hasken sararin samaniya yana bayyana a saman Tabkin Kivu]] Kifin da ke cikin Tabkin Kivu yana da karanci sosai tare da nau'ikan nau'o'i 28 da aka bayyana, ciki har da nau'ikan nau'o'i hudu da aka shigo da su.<ref name=FishSnoeks>{{cite journal |last1=Snoeks |first1=J |last2=De Vos |first2=L. |last3=Thys van den Audenaerde |first3=D. |date=1997 |title=The ichthyogeography of lake Kivu |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=93 |pages=579–584}}</ref> Kifin na asali sune kifin minnow na Tabkin Rukwa (Raiamas moorii), nau'ikan kifin barb guda hudu (ripon barbel, Barbus altianalis, kifin barb mai jan fika na Gabashin Afirka, Enteromius apleurogramma, kifin barb mai jan digo, E. kerstenii da kifin barb na Pellegrin, E. pellegrini), kifin kifi na Amphilius, nau'ikan kifin kifi na Clarias guda biyu (C. liocephalus da C. gariepinus), kifin tilapiar Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) da kuma nau'ikan kifin Haplochromis cichlids guda 15 dake yankin kawai.<ref name=FishSnoeks/> Kimanin wasu nau'ikan cichlids 20 da watakila ba a riga tsara bayanansu ba an san su a tabkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. |year=2013 |title=How many species are there in Lake Kivu? |url=https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_userprofiles/upload/walkerjo/Bachelor_Thesis_Jonas_Walker_August_2013_Lake_Kivu.pdf |publisher=University of Bern|journal=Institute of Ecology and Evolution}}</ref> Nau'ikan da aka shigo da su sun hada da cichlids guda uku, tilapiar longfin (Oreochromis macrochir), tilapiar mai dagon shudi (O. leucostictus) da tilapiar mai jan gaba (Coptodon rendalli), sai kuma kifin clupeid, sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika (Limnothrissa miodon).<ref name=FishSnoeks/><ref name="Collart">{{cite journal |last=Collart |first=A. |title=L'introduction du 'Stolothrissa tanganicae' (Ndagala) au lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge |volume=51 |issue=4 |date=1960 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |series=Hosted at Agricultural Research Archive for DRC, Rwanda and Burundi, 1885-1960 |access-date=2026-07-03 |archive-date=2025-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124004823/https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Capart">{{cite journal |last=Capart |first=A. |title=A propos de l'introduction du Ndakala (Stolothrissa tanganikae) dans le lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Burundi |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=1959 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546 |access-date=2026-07-03 |archive-date=2024-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509133121/https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana kiran sardine din a cikin gida da 'Ndagala' ko 'Isambaza'.<ref name="Collart 1989">{{cite book |first=Alphonse |last=Collart |date=June 1989 |chapter=Introduction et acclimatation de l'Isambaza du lac Tanganyika au lac Kivu |title=Compte rendu du seminaire trente ans apres l'introduction de l'Isambaza au lac Kivu (RWA/87/012/DOC/TR/16) |url=https://www.fao.org/3/AD174F/AD174F00.htm#TOC |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=French |place=Gisenyi, Rwanda}}</ref> Adadin sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika da za a iya kamawa an kiyasta ya kai tan 2000 zuwa 4000 duk shekara.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=B. E.|title=Seasonal and annual variations in the abundance of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in lake Kivu|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-fish-biology_1991-11_39_5/page/641|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|year=1991|volume=39|issue=5|pages=641–648|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04394.x|bibcode=1991JFBio..39..641M }}</ref> Masanin aikin gona na kasar Belgium Alphonse Collart ne ya shigar da shi Tabkin Kivu a karshen shekarar 1959.<ref name="Collart" /><ref name="Capart" /> Kokarin shigar da irin kifin sprat na Tabkin Tanganyika (Stolothrissa tanganicae) a lokaci guda bai yi nasara ba.<ref name="Collart 1989" /> A halin yanzu, Tabkin Kivu ne kadai tabki na halitta wanda aka shigar da L. miodon, wato sardine wanda asali ya takaitu a Tabkin Tanganyika, da farko don cike gurbi da babu kowa a ciki. Kafin shigarwar, babu kifin planktivorous da ke cikin ruwan pelagic na Tabkin Kivu. A farkon shekarun 1990, yawan masunta a tabkin ya kai 6,563, wadanda 3,027 daga cikinsu ke da alaka da kamun kifi na pelagic sune kuma 3,536 ke da alaka da kamun kifi na gargajiya. Mummunan rikicin makami da ya bazu a yankin tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ya haifar da raguwar abun da ake samu na kamun kifi.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315065154/https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=March 15, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Bayan wannan shigarwa, sardine din ya sami gagarumin muhimmanci na tattalin arziki da abinci ga mazauna gabar tabkin amma ta fuskar tsarin halitta, shigar da kifin planktivorous na iya haifar da gagaruman canje-canje na tsarin al'ummar plankton. Abubuwan da aka lura kwanan nan sun nuna bacewar babban mai kiwo, Daphnia curvirostris, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma mamaye al'ummar mesozooplankton ta nau'ikan copepod na cyclopoid guda uku: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis da Tropocyclops confinis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Isumbisho|first=M|title=Zooplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-534-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isumbisho |first1=M. |last2=Sarmento |first2=H. |last3=Kaningini |first3=B. |last4=Micha |first4=J.-C. |last5=Descy |first5=J.-P. |date=2006 |title=Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl032 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=971–989 |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |doi-access=free |archive-date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2011-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092135/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da cikakken binciken farko na phytoplankton a shekarar 2006.<ref name="Sarmento 2006">{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-532-7|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117042508/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da matsakaicin chlorophyll na shekara-shekara a cikin gaurayawan Layer na 2.2 mg m−3 da ƙananan matakan gina jiki a cikin yankin euphotic, tabkin a fili yake na oligotrophic. Diatoms sune rukunin da suka mamaye tabkin, musamman a lokacin rani na haduwar ruwa mai zurfi. Lokacin damina, rukunin ruwan da ke da haske mai yawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fifiko ga mamaye cyanobacteria tare da adadi mai yawa na picoplankton phototrophic.<ref name="Sarmento 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|author2=Isumbisho, M|author3=Descy, JP|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|year=2006|volume=28|issue=9|pages=815–829|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl017|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|doi-access=free|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032642/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa|journal=Freshwater Biology|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=756–771|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01939.x|bibcode=2008FrBio..53..756S |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202008_Freshwater%20Biol_Tropical%20picoplankton.pdf|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Species diversity of pelagic algae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)|journal=Cryptogamie-Algologie|year=2007|volume=28|issue=3|pages=245:269|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032655/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haƙiƙanin samarwa na farko shine 0.71 g C m−2 d−1 (≈ 260 g C m−2 a−1).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios|journal=International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 30, Pt 5, Proceedings|year=2009|volume=30|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1080/03680770.2009.11902221|bibcode=2009SILP...30..709S|hdl=2268/139009|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032734/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike na kwayoyin halitta na juyin halitta ya nuna cewa cichlids daga tabkuna a arewacin Virunga (misali, Edward, George, Victoria) sun samo asali ne a cikin "proto-lake Kivu", wanda ya fi girma fiye da tsananin ayyukan aman wuta (shekaru 20,000-25,000 da suka gabata) wanda ya katse alakar. Daga tsayin duwatsun yammacin tabkin (wanda a halin yanzu yake shi ne Kahuzi-Biega National Park, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar birai na gorillas na gabas a duniya), haɗe da tsayin daka na gabashin rift (wanda yake a gabashin Ruwanda) zai kasance da alakar magudanar ruwa daga tsakiyar Ruwanda zuwa ainihin Tabkin Kivu na yanzu. Wannan ra'ayi na "proto-lake Kivu" an kalubalance shi ta hanyar rashin daidaiton shaidar kasa, kodayake agogon kwayoyin halitta na cichlid yana nuna wanzuwar tabki da ya fi tsufa fiye da shekaru 15,000 da aka saba ambata. Tabkin Kivu gida ne ga nau'ikan kaguwar ruwa mai dadi guda hudu, ciki har da guda biyu wadanda ba na yankin ba (Potamonautes lirrangensis da P. mutandensis) da guda biyu na yankin (Potamonautes bourgaultae da P. idjwiensis). A tsakanin tabkunan Kwarin Rift, Tabkin Tanganyika da Tabkin Victoria sune kadai sauran tabkuna masu kaguwar ruwa mai dadi na yankin.<ref name=crabs>Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011). ''[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref name=crabs/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cumberlidge | first1=Neil | last2=Clark | first2=Paul F. | title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal=European Journal of Taxonomy | date=2017 | issue=371 | doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access=free | hdl=10141/622400 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba=== A shekarar 2018, an rubuta fiye da shari'o'i 400 na yiwuwar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tabkin Kivu. A cewar Hukumar Binciken Dabbobi da Canja wurin Fasaha ta Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Ruwanda, samar da kifi a Tabkin Kivu ya ragu daga tan 24,199 a lokacin kamun kifi na 2017-2018 zuwa tan 16,194 a 2019-2020, wanda Mataimakiyar Darakta Solange Uwituze ta dora alhakinsa a kan hanyoyin kamun kifi da ke shafar haifuwar kifi. Tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 2020, ayyukan Rundunar 'Yansandan Ruwa ta Ruwanda sun ba da rahoton shari'o'i 27 da suka hada da kama barayin kifi 10 saboda kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a tabkin.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2023-06-23|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/183562/News/illicit-fishing-threatens-biodiversity-in-lake-kivu|title=Illicit fishing threatens biodiversity in Lake Kivu|date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ENACTAfrica.org |date=2022-01-31 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ENACT Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |date=2022-02-02 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> ==Tsibiri== * [[Idjwi]] (ɓangaren [[Idjwi]], [[South Kivu Province]]) * [[Nyamunini]] (an Kuma sanshi da tsibirin Napoleon) * [[Amahoro]] * [[Iwawa]] ==Hotuna== <gallery widths="175" heights="120"> File:Lake Kivu 2021.jpg|Tafkin Kivu daga Sake, Goma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango File:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|Lake Kivu with [[Goma]] in the background, Congo File:Img Lake Kivu100222 2.jpg|Lake Kivu separating Bukavu (In the foreground) and Cyangugu (In the background) as seen from Tumbimbi. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} m7mnhlon1imaqvqcsldihrdwm7xqt4u 0 86813 975514 882472 2026-11-03T09:31:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hadrian (/ ˈheɪdriən/ HAY-dree-ən; Latin: Publius Aelius Hadrianus [(h) adriˈjaːnus]; 24 ga Janairu 76 - 10 ga Yuli 138) shi ne sarkin Roma daga 117 zuwa 138. An haifi Hadrian a Italiya, kusa da Seville na zamani. [[Ispaniya|Spain]], wurin zama na Italic a cikin Hispania Baetica; reshensa na Aelia gens, Aeli Hadriani, ya fito ne daga garin Hadria a gabashin Italiya. Ya kasance memba na daular Nerva-Antonine. A farkon aikinsa na siyasa, Hadrian ya auri Vibia Sabina, jikanyar sarki mai mulki, Trajan. Matar Trajan Pompeia Plotina ta inganta auren da Hadrian daga baya a matsayin sarki. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan nasa sarauta, Hadrian ya sa aka kashe wasu manyan [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Sanatoci]] huɗu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, watakila saboda suna yin barazana ga tsaron mulkinsa; hakan ya sa majalisar dattawa ta kiyayya da shi har tsawon rayuwarsa. Ya sami ƙarin rashin amincewa ta hanyar watsi da manufofin fadada Trajan da ribar yanki a Mesopotamiya, Assuriya, [[Armeniya]], da sassan Dacia. Hadrian ya gwammace ya saka hannun jari a ci gaban tabbatattu, iyakoki masu ƙarewa da haɗewar al'ummomin daular a matsayin batutuwa na Daular panhellenic, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Roma. Hadrian cikin kuzari ya bi manufofinsa na Imperial da bukatun kansa. Ya ziyarci kusan dukkanin lardunan daular, kuma ya ba da fifiko ga shiga tsakani kai tsaye a cikin harkokin masarautu da na larduna, musamman ayyukan gine-gine. An kuma san shi musamman don gina bangon Hadrian, wanda ke nuna iyakar arewacin Britaniya. A Roma kanta, ya sake gina Pantheon kuma ya gina babban Haikali na Venus da Roma. A Masar, watakila ya sake gina Serapeum na Iskandariya. A matsayinsa na mai sha'awar al'adun Girka, ya tallata [[Athens]] a matsayin babban birnin al'adu na Daular. Dangantakarsa mai tsanani da matasan Girka Antinous da kuma mutuwar marigayin ya sa Hadrian ya kafa wata al'ada mai yaduwa. A karshen zamanin Hadrian, ya murkushe tawayen Bar Kokhba; ya ga wannan tawaye a matsayin gazawar manufarsa ta panhellenic. Shekarun Hadrian na ƙarshe sun lalace da rashin lafiya na yau da kullun. Aurensa ya kasance duka babu dadi da rashin haihuwa. A cikin 138 ya karɓi Antoninus Pius kuma ya zaɓe shi a matsayin magaji, bisa sharadin cewa Antoninus ya karbi Marcus Aurelius da Lucius Verus a matsayin magadansa. Hadrian ya mutu a wannan shekarar a Baiae, kuma Antoninus ya sa aka cire shi, duk da adawa daga Majalisar Dattawa. Daga baya masana tarihi sun ƙidaya shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ake kira "sarakuna masu kyau biyar" na Roma, kuma a matsayin "mai mulkin kama-karya". Nasa Majalisar Dattawa ta same shi mai nisa da mulki. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai ban mamaki kuma mai cin karo da juna, tare da iyawa ga babban karimci na mutum da tsananin rashin tausayi da son sani, girman kai, da buri.<ref>Ando, Clifford "Hadrian: The Restless Emperor by Anthony R. Birley", Phoenix, 52 (1998), pp. 183–185. JSTOR 1088268</ref> == Labarin rayuwar farko== Hadrian's Arch a tsakiyar Athens, Girka. Sha'awar Hadrian ga Girka ta tabbata a irin waɗannan ayyukan da aka ba da umarnin a lokacin mulkinsa. An haifi Publius Aelius Hadrianus a ranar 24 ga Janairu 76, a Italica (Santiponce na zamani, kusa da Seville), wani garin Romawa wanda mazaunan Italic suka kafa a lardin Hispania Baetica a lokacin Yaƙin Punic na Biyu a yunƙurin Scipio Africanus; Reshen Hadrian na gens Aelia ya fito ne daga Hadria (Atri na zamani), wani tsohon gari a yankin Picenum na Italiya, tushen sunan Hadrianus. Wani marubucin tarihin rayuwar Romawa ya yi iƙirari a maimakon cewa Hadrian an haife shi ne a Roma, amma wannan ra'ayi na wasu tsiraru ne na masana.[<ref>Mary T. Boatwright (2008). "From Domitian to Hadrian". In Barrett, Anthony (ed.). Lives of the Caesars. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 159. ISBN 978-1-4051-2755-4.</ref> <ref>Alicia M. Canto, Itálica, sedes natalis de Adriano. 31 textos históricos y argumentos para una secular polémica, Athenaeum XCII/2, 2004, 367–408.</ref> <ref>Alicia M. Canto, Itálica, sedes natalis de Adriano. 31 textos históricos y argumentos para una secular polémica, Athenaeum XCII/2, 2004, 367–408.</ref> Mahaifin Hadrian shine Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer, dan majalisar dattijai mai daraja, wanda aka haifa kuma ya girma a Italiya. Mahaifiyar Hadrian ita ce Domitia Paulina, 'yar wani fitaccen gidan majalisar dattijai na Roma da ke Gades Royston Lambert, Beloved And God, pp. 31–32.<ref>Royston Lambert, Beloved And God, pp. 31–32.</ref> Kanensa tilo ita ce babbar yaya, Aelia Domitia Paulina. Ma'aikaciyar jinyarsa ita ce bawan Germana, mai yiwuwa asalin Jamusanci, wanda ya sadaukar da shi a duk rayuwarsa. Daga baya ta yi aure da shi kuma a ƙarshe ta wuce shi, kamar yadda aka nuna ta rubutun jana'izarta, wanda aka samo a Hadrian's Villa a Tivoli.[<ref>CIL VI 10909 ([Text http://www.edr-edr.it/edr_programmi/res_complex_comune.php?do=book&id_nr=EDR131420&partId=1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620054104/http://www.edr-edr.it/edr_programmi/res_complex_comune.php?do=book&id_nr=EDR131420&partId=1 |date=2021-06-20 }}] on the Epigraphic Database Roma)</ref> <ref>Morwood 2013, pp. 5 & 43</ref> <ref>Opper 2008, p. 34.</ref> Babban dan uwan ​​Hadrian, Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator, daga Barcino (Barcelona) zai zama abokin aikin Hadrian a matsayin mai ba da shawara a shekara ta 118. A matsayinsa na dan majalisar dattawa, mahaifin Hadrian zai shafe yawancin lokacinsa a Roma.<ref>On the numerous senatorial families from Spain residing at Rome and its vicinity around the time of Hadrian's birth see R. Syme, 'Spaniards at Tivoli', in Roman Papers IV (Oxford, 1988), pp. 96–114. Hadrian went on to build an Imperial villa at Tivoli (Tibu</ref> Dangane da aikinsa na baya, babban dangin Hadrian shine Trajan, ɗan uwan ​​mahaifinsa na farko, wanda shi ma ɗan majalisar dattawa ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Italica. Ko da yake an yi la'akari da su, a cikin kalmomin Aurelius Victor, advenae ("baƙi", mutane "daga waje"), duka Trajan da Hadrian sun kasance daga cikin jinsin Italic kuma suna cikin babban aji na al'ummar Romawa. Wani marubuci ya ba da shawarar la'akari da su wani ɓangare na "Daular Ulpio-Aelian" <ref>Alicia M. Canto, "La dinastía Ulpio-Aelia (96–192 d.C.): ni tan Buenos, ni tan Adoptivos ni tan Antoninos". Gerión (21.1): 263–305. 2003</ref> Iyayen Hadrian sun mutu a shekara 86 yana da shekaru goma. Shi da 'yar uwarsa sun zama unguwannin Trajan da Publius Acilius Attianus (wanda daga baya ya zama shugaban sarakunan Trajan).<ref>Royston Lambert, Beloved And God, pp. 31–32</ref> Hadrian yana motsa jiki kuma yana jin daɗin farauta; Sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara 14, Trajan ya kira shi zuwa Roma kuma ya shirya ƙarin karatunsa a kan batutuwan da suka dace da wani matashin basaraken Romawa.<ref>Royston Lambert, Beloved And God, pp. 31–32</ref> Sha'awar Hadrian ga adabi da al'adun Girka ya sa ake masa lakabi da Graeculus ("Greekling"), wanda aka yi niyya a matsayin wani nau'i na "ba'a"<ref>Anthony Birley, Restless Emperor, pp. 24–</ref> ==Sabis na jama'a== Matsayin farko na Hadrian a Roma ya kasance memba na decemviri stlitibus judicandis, ɗaya daga cikin ofisoshin vigintivate da yawa a matakin mafi ƙasƙanci na darajar karramawa ("Tabbas na girmamawa") wanda zai iya kaiwa ga babban ofishi da aikin majalisar dattijai. Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin tribune na soja, na farko tare da Legio II Adiutrix a 95, sannan tare da Legio V Macedonica. A lokacin Hadrian na biyu a matsayin tribune, mai rauni kuma tsoho sarki Nerva ya ɗauki Trajan a matsayin magajinsa; An aika Hadrian don ya ba Trajan labarin - ko kuma tabbas yana ɗaya daga cikin manzanni da yawa da aka tuhume su da wannan.hukumar<ref>Anthony Birley, Restless Emperor, p. 37</ref> Sagan nan kuma aka mayar da Hadrian zuwa Legio XXII Primigenia da kuma ta uku.<ref>John D. Grainger, Nerva and the Roman Succession Crisis of AD 96–99. Abingdon: Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0-415-34958-3, p. 109</ref> Kotuna uku na Hadrian sun ba shi wani fa'idar aiki. Yawancin tsofaffin iyalai na majalisar dattijai za su iya yin hidima ɗaya, ko aƙalla biyu, kotunan soja a matsayin abin da ake bukata na babban ofishi<ref>Thorsten Opper, The Emperor Hadrian. British Museum Press, 2008, p. – 39</ref> <ref>Jörg Fündling, Kommentar zur Vita Hadriani der Historia Augusta (= Antiquitas. Reihe 4: Beiträge zur Historia-Augusta-Forschung, Serie 3: Kommentare, Bände 4.1 und 4.2). Habelt, Bonn 2006, ISBN 3-7749-3390-1, p. 351.</ref> Lokacin da Nerva ya rasu a shekara ta 98, an ce Hadrian ya gaggauta zuwa Trajan, domin ya sanar da shi gabanin wakilin hukuma da gwamna, surukin Hadrian kuma abokin hamayyarsa Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus ya aika.<ref>John D. Grainger, Nerva and the Roman Succession Crisis, p. 109; Alan K. Bowman, Peter Garnsey, Dominic Rathbone, eds. The Cambridge Ancient History – XI. Cambridge U. P.: 2000, ISBN 0-521-26335-2, p. 133.</ref> A cikin shekara ta 101, Hadrian ya dawo Roma; an zaɓe shi quaestor, sannan quaestor imperatoris Traiani, jami’in hulda tsakanin sarki da majalisar dattijai, wanda ya karanta wa sarki sanarwar da jawabai – wadanda watakila ya rubuta a madadin sarki. A matsayinsa na marubucin fatalwa na sarki, Hadrian ya maye gurbin Licinius Sura wanda ya rasu kwanan nan, abokin Trajan kuma mai sarauta.<ref>Anthony Birley, Restless Emperor, p. 54</ref> Matsayinsa na gaba shine ab actis senatus, yana kiyaye bayanan majalisar dattawa.<ref>Boatwright, in Barrett, p. 158</ref> A lokacin Yaƙin Dacian na Farko, Hadrian ya ɗauki filin a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Trajan na sirri, amma an ba shi uzuri daga mukaminsa na soja don ɗaukar ofis a Roma a matsayin tribune na plebs, a cikin 105. Bayan yakin, tabbas an zabe shi praetor. 2<ref>The text of Historia Augusta (Vita Hadriani, 3.8) is garbled, stating that Hadrian's election to the praetorship was contemporary "to the second consulate of Suburanus and Servianus" – two characters that had non-simultaneous second consulships – so Hadrian's election could be dated to 102 or 104, the later date being the most accepted</ref> A lokacin Yaƙin Dacian na biyu, Hadrian ya sake kasancewa cikin sabis na sirri na Trajan. An sake shi don yin aiki a matsayin wakilin Legio I Minervia, sannan a matsayin gwamnan Lower Pannonia a cikin 107, wanda ke da alhakin "riƙe Sarmatians".<ref>Bowman, p. 133</ref> <ref> Anthony Everitt, 2013, Chapter XI: "holding back the Sarmatians" may simply have meant maintaining and patrolling the border.</ref> 107 da 108, Hadrian ya ci nasara kan mamayewa na Banat da Oltenia da Romawa ke sarrafawa ta Iazyges.[25][26][27] Ba a san takamaiman sharuddan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ba. An yi imani da cewa Romawa sun ajiye Oltenia don musanya wani nau'i na rangwame, mai yiwuwa ya haɗa da biyan haraji na lokaci ɗaya.[26] Iazyges kuma sun mallaki Banat a wannan lokacin, wanda watakila yana cikin yarjejeniyar.[28] Yanzu a tsakiyar shekarunsa talatin, Hadrian ya yi tafiya zuwa Girka; an ba shi zama ɗan ƙasar Atina kuma an nada shi babban magajin garin Athens na ɗan lokaci kaɗan (a cikin 112).[29]. Mutanen Athens sun ba shi wani mutum-mutumi tare da rubutu a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Dionysus (IG II2 3286) yana ba da cikakken bayani game da darajar karramawarsa har zuwa yanzu.[30][31] Bayan haka, ba a ƙara jin labarinsa ba har sai Trajan's Parthian yaƙin neman zaɓe. Yana yiwuwa ya ci gaba da zama a ƙasar Girka har sai da aka tuno da shi zuwa ga ɗan mulkin daular,[23] lokacin da ya shiga balaguron Trajan a kan Parthia a matsayin wakili.[32] Lokacin da aka aika da gwamnan [[Siriya]] don magance sabbin matsaloli a Dacia, an nada Hadrian wanda zai maye gurbinsa, tare da umarni mai zaman kansa[33]. Trajan ya yi rashin lafiya mai tsanani, kuma ya tafi da jirgin ruwa zuwa Roma, yayin da Hadrian ya ci gaba da zama a Siriya, babban kwamandan sojojin Roma na gabas.[34] Trajan ya isa birnin Selinus na bakin teku, a cikin Kilicia, kuma ya mutu a can ranar 8 ga Agusta 117; za a ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan Roma da suka fi sha'awar, shahararru kuma mafi kyawun sarakuna. ===Dangantaka da Trajan da iyalinsa=== Kusan lokacin da yake cikin quaestorship, a cikin 100 ko 101, Hadrian ya auri jikanyar Trajan mai shekaru sha bakwai ko sha takwas, Vibia Sabina. Trajan da kansa ya zama kamar bai cika sha’awar auren ba, kuma da kyakkyawan dalili, domin dangantakar ma’auratan za ta zama mara kyau.[35] Wataƙila ’yar Sarkin Trajan, Plotina ce ta shirya auren. Wannan mace mai matukar al'ada, mai tasiri ta raba yawancin dabi'u da bukatun Hadrian, ciki har da ra'ayin daular Romawa a matsayin gama gari tare da al'adun Hellenic.[36] Idan har za a nada Hadrian a matsayin magajin Trajan, Plotina da danginta za su iya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin zamantakewa da tasirin siyasa bayan mutuwar Trajan.[37] Har ila yau Hadrian na iya dogaro da goyon bayan surukarsa, Salonia Matidia, wacce ita ce 'yar 'yar'uwar Trajan ƙaunatacciyar Ulpia Marciana.[38][39]. Lokacin da Ulpia Marciana ta mutu a shekara ta 112, Trajan ya sa aka cire ta, kuma ya sanya Salonia Matidia.watan Agusta.[40] Bust na Sarkin sarakuna Trajan; Saint-Raymond, Toulouse Dangantakar Hadrian ta sirri da Trajan ta kasance mai sarkakiya kuma mai yiwuwa ta kasance mai wahala. Hadrian da alama ya nemi tasiri a kan Trajan, ko shawarar Trajan, ta hanyar noman abubuwan da aka fi so; wannan ya haifar da wata rigima da ba a fayyace ba, a daidai lokacin auren Hadrian da Sabina.[41][42] A ƙarshen mulkin Trajan, Hadrian ya kasa samun babban mukami, kasancewar kawai ƙwararren masani na 108; [43] wannan ya ba shi daidaito da sauran membobin majalisar dattawa, [44] amma ba wani bambanci na musamman da ya dace da wanda aka zaba. 45] Idan da Trajan ya so shi, da zai iya inganta tsaronsa zuwa matsayi na patrician da gatansa, wanda ya haɗa da damar da za a yi sauri don yin shawarwari ba tare da kwarewa a matsayin tribune ba; ya zabi kada ya yi[46]. Duk da yake Hadrian da alama an ba shi ofishin tribune na plebs a shekara ko fiye da yadda aka saba, dole ne ya bar Dacia, da Trajan, don ɗaukar alƙawarin; Wataƙila Trajan kawai ya so shi daga hanya.[47] Tarihi Augusta ya bayyana kyautar Trajan ga Hadrian na zoben lu'u-lu'u da Trajan da kansa ya samu daga Nerva, wanda "ya karfafa fatan [Hadrian] na samun nasara a kan karagar mulki".[48][49]. Yayin da Trajan ya himmatu wajen inganta ci gaban Hadrian, ya yi hakan da taka tsantsan.[50] ==Nasara== Rashin nada magaji na iya gayyato rudani, kokuwar mulki ta hanyar gasa na masu da'awar - yakin basasa. Da wuri da wuri za a iya ganin naɗin a matsayin watsi da kuma rage damar watsa wutar lantarki cikin tsari.[51] Yayin da Trajan yake mutuwa, matarsa, Plotina ta shayar da shi, kuma Prefect Attianus ya sa ido sosai, zai iya ɗaukar Hadrian a matsayin magaji bisa doka ta hanyar buri mai sauƙi na mutuwa, wanda aka bayyana a gaban shaidu;[52] , ba Trajan ne ya sanya hannu ba amma Plotina ne ya sanya hannu.[53] Cewa Hadrian har yanzu yana cikin Siriya wani ƙarin rashin bin doka ne, kamar yadda dokar riƙon Romawa ta buƙaci kasancewar bangarorin biyu a bikin karɓuwa. Jita-jita, shakku, da hasashe sun halarci riƙon da Hadrian ya gaje shi. An ba da shawarar cewa an kashe matashin bawa Trajan Phaedimus, wanda ya mutu jim kaɗan bayan Trajan, (ko ya kashe kansa) maimakon fuskantar tambayoyi masu banƙyama.[54] An raba tushen daɗaɗɗen kan halaccin ɗaukar Hadrian: Cassius Dio ya gan shi a matsayin na bogi kuma marubucin Tarihi Augusta na gaske ne[55]. Wani aureus da aka yi a farkon zamanin Hadrian yana wakiltar matsayin hukuma; ya gabatar da Hadrian a matsayin "Kaisar" na Trajan (wanda aka nada na gadon Trajan).[56]. ==Sarki (117)== ==Tabbatar da iko== Daular Rum a shekara ta 125, karkashin mulkin Hadrian A cewar Historia Augusta, Hadrian ya sanar da majalisar dattijai game da hawansa a cikin wata wasika a matsayin mai yi masa biyayya, yana mai bayanin cewa "rashin gaggawar da sojojin suka yi wajen nada shi sarki ne saboda imanin cewa jihar ba za ta kasance ba tare da sarki ba". [57] Sabon sarkin ya ba wa sojojin da ke biyayya ga rundunonin ne da kari na al'ada, kuma Majalisar Dattawa ta amince da wannan yabo. An shirya tarurrukan jama'a iri-iri a madadin Hadrian, suna murnar "zaɓen Ubangiji" na dukan alloli, waɗanda al'ummarsu a yanzu sun haɗa da Trajan, waɗanda aka ƙasƙanta bisa roƙon Hadrian.[58] Hadrian ya kasance a gabas na ɗan lokaci, yana murkushe tawayen Yahudawa da ya barke a ƙarƙashin Trajan. Ya sauke gwamnan Yahudiya, fitaccen janar na Moorish Janar Lusius Quietes, ko kuma mai tsaron sa na taimakon Moorish;[59] [60] sannan ya ci gaba da magance tashe-tashen hankula a kan iyakar Danube. A Roma, tsohon majiɓincin Hadrian kuma shugaban praetorian na yanzu, Attianus, ya yi iƙirarin gano wani makirci da ya shafi Lusius Quietus da wasu manyan Sanatoci uku, Lucius Publilius Celsus, Aulus Cornelius Palma Frontonianus da Gaius Avidius Nigrinus.[61] Babushari’ar jama’a ga mutanen hudu – an yi musu shari’a ba sa nan, aka yi farauta da kashe su.[61] Hadrian ya yi iƙirarin cewa, Attianus ya yi aiki da kan sa, kuma ya ba shi lambar yabo ta sanata da kuma matsayin ofishin jakadanci; sa’an nan ya yi masa ritaya, bai wuce 120 ba.[62] Hadrian ya tabbatar wa majalisar dattijai cewa daga yanzu za a mutunta tsohon hakkinsu na gurfanar da nasu. Dalilan wadannan hukunce-hukuncen kisa sun kasance a boye. Amincewa da Hadrian a hukumance a matsayin halalcin magaji na iya yin latti don ya hana sauran masu da’awa.[63] Manyan abokan hamayyar Hadrian su ne na kusa da Trajan, mafi gogaggen kuma manyan jami'an majalisar daular;[64] kowane daga cikinsu zai iya zama halastaccen dan takara ga ofishin daular (capaces imperii);[65] kuma kowane daga cikinsu zai iya tallafawa. Manufofin fadada Trajan, wanda Hadrian ya yi niyya ya canza.[66] Daya daga cikin adadinsu shi ne Aulus Cornelius Palma wanda a matsayinsa na tsohon mai ci Larabawa Nabatea zai rike hannun jari a Gabas[67]. Tarihi Augusta ya kwatanta Palma da wani dan majalisar dattijai na uku da aka kashe, Lucius Publilius Celsus (jakadi na biyu a shekara ta 113), a matsayin abokan gaban Hadrian, wadanda suka yi magana a gaban jama'a a kansa.[68] Na hudu shi ne Gaius Avidius Nigrinus, tsohon jakada, haziki, abokin Pliny ƙaramin kuma (a takaice) Gwamna na Dacia a farkon mulkin Hadrian. Wataƙila shi ne babban abokin hamayyar Hadrian ga kursiyin; Sanata mai matsayi mafi girma, kiwo, da haɗin kai; A cewar Tarihi Augusta, Hadrian ya yi la’akari da sanya Nigrinus magajinsa kafin ya yanke shawarar kawar da shi.[69][70] Dinari na Hadrian ya bayar a shekara ta 119 miladiyya don matsayinsa na uku. Rubutun: HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS / LIBERALITAS AVG. CO[N]S III, P.P. Ba da daɗewa ba, a cikin shekara ta 125, Hadrian ya nada Quintus Marcius Turbo a matsayin shugaban masarauta.[71] Turbo abokinsa ne na kud-da-kud, babban jigo na odar doki, babban alkalin kotu kuma mai gabatar da kara.[72][73] Kamar yadda Hadrian kuma ya hana ’yan dawaki yin shari’a a kan ‘yan majalisar dattawa, [74] Majalisar dattijai tana da cikakken ikon shari’a kan mambobinta; Hakanan ya kasance babbar kotun daukaka kara, kuma an hana kai kara ga sarki game da hukuncinsa[75]. Idan wannan ƙoƙari ne na gyara barnar da Attianus ya yi, tare da ko ba tare da cikakken ilimin Hadrian ba, bai isa ba; Sunan Hadrian da alakarsa da Majalisar Dattawan sa sun yi tsami sosai, har tsawon mulkinsa[76]. Wasu majiyoyi sun bayyana yadda Hadrian ke yi na lokaci-lokaci zuwa ga hanyar sadarwar masu ba da labari, frumentarii, [77] don bincikar mutanen da ke da matsayi na zamantakewa, ciki har da sanatoci da abokansa[78]. ==Tafiya== An bayyana wannan mutum-mutumi na Hadrian a cikin tufafin Girkanci a cikin shekara ta 2008 don ƙirƙira a zamanin Victoria ta hanyar haɗa kai tare da shugaban Hadrian da wani jikin da ba a sani ba. Shekaru da dama, masana tarihi sun yi amfani da wannan mutum-mutumi a matsayin hujja na son Hadrian na al'adun Helenawa.[79] British Museum, London. Hadrian zai shafe fiye da rabin mulkinsa a wajen Italiya. Ganin cewa sarakunan da suka gabata, galibi, sun dogara da rahotannin wakilansu na daular da ke kewaye da Daular, Hadrian ya so ya ga abubuwa da kansa. Sarakunan da suka gabata sun bar Roma na dogon lokaci, amma galibi don zuwa yaƙi, suna dawowa da zarar an sasanta rikicin. tafiye-tafiye na kusa-kusa na Hadrian na iya wakiltar hutun ƙididdigewa tare da hadisai da ɗabi'u waɗanda daular ta kasance mulkin mallaka na Romawa zalla. Hadrian ya nemi ya haɗa larduna a cikin tsarin gama gari na jama'a masu wayewa da al'adun Helenanci gama gari ƙarƙashin kulawar Romawa.[80] Ya goyi bayan samar da garuruwan larduna (municipia), al'ummomin birane masu cin gashin kansu tare da al'adunsu da dokokinsu, maimakon sanya sabbin yankuna na Romawa tare da tsarin mulkin Romawa.[81]. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan niyya, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun niyya a bayyane yake a cikin batutuwan tsabar kuɗi na mulkin Hadrian daga baya,nuna wa sarki “dagawa” sunayen larduna daban-daban[82]. Daga baya Aelius Aristides zai rubuta cewa Hadrian "ya mika wa talakawansa hannun kariya, yana tayar da su a matsayin wanda ke taimakawa wadanda suka fadi a kan kafafunsu"[83]. Duk wannan bai yi daidai da ’yan gargajiya na Romawa ba. Sarki Nero mai son kansa ya yi balaguron daɗewa da kwanciyar hankali a ƙasar Girka kuma ’yan Romawa sun soki shi don ya yi watsi da muhimman hakkokinsa na sarki. A cikin lardunan gabas, da kuma a wasu wurare a yamma, Nero ya sami goyon bayan jama'a; iƙirarin dawowar sa ko sake haifuwar sa ta kusa bayyana nan da nan bayan mutuwarsa. Wataƙila Hadrian da sane ya yi amfani da waɗannan ingantattun hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a lokacin tafiyarsa[84]. A cikin Tarihi Augusta, an kwatanta Hadrian a matsayin "kadan da yawa Girkanci", kuma mai girma ga sarkin Romawa.[85] ===Britaniya da Yamma (122)=== Babban labarin: bangon Hadrian Bangaren Hadrian, katangar iyakar Roman a arewacin Ingila. Milecastle yana cikin gaba. Kafin Hadrian ya isa Britaniya, lardin ya sha fama da babbar tawaye daga 119 zuwa 121.[86] Rubuce-rubucen sun ba da labarin wani balaguro na Britannica wanda ya ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin sojoji, gami da tura wani runduna (vexillatio), wanda ya ƙunshi sojoji kusan 3,000. Fronto ya rubuta game da asarar sojoji a Biritaniya a lokacin.[87] Tatsuniyoyi na 119-120 sun tabbatar da cewa an aika Quintus Pompeius Falco don maido da tsari. A cikin 122 Hadrian ya ƙaddamar da ginin katanga "don raba Romawa da barasa" [88]. Tunanin cewa an gina katangar ne domin a fuskanci wata barazana ta hakika ko kuma sake farfado da ita, amma mai yiyuwa ne amma duk da haka hasashe ne[89]. Babban sha'awar dakatar da tsawaita daular na iya zama dalili mai kayyadewa. Rage farashin tsaro yana iya taka rawa, saboda bangon ya hana kai hare-hare a yankin Romawa akan farashi mai rahusa fiye da yawan sojojin kan iyaka,[90] da sarrafa cinikin kan iyaka da shige da fice.[91] An gina wani wurin bauta a York zuwa Britaniya a matsayin allahntakar Biritaniya; An buga sulalla masu ɗauke da hotonta, waɗanda aka bayyana da suna Britanniya.[92] A ƙarshen 122, Hadrian ya kammala ziyararsa a Britaniya. Bai taba ganin bangon da aka gama da sunansa ba. Hadrian da alama ya ci gaba ta hanyar kudancin Gaul. A Nemausus, mai yiwuwa ne ya kula da gina wani Basilica da aka keɓe ga majiɓincinsa Plotina, wanda ya mutu kwanan nan a Roma kuma an ba da shi bisa ga bukatar Hadrian.[93] A daidai wannan lokacin, Hadrian ya kori sakatarensa ab epistulis, [94] marubucin tarihin rayuwar Suetonius, saboda "yawancin saba" game da sarauniya.[95]. Abokin aikin Marcius Turbo a matsayin shugaban kasa, Gaius Septicius Clarus, an kori shi saboda irin wannan dalili da ake zargi, watakila wani dalili na tsige shi daga mukaminsa.[96] Hadrian ya yi lokacin sanyi na 122/123 a Tarraco, a Spain, inda ya maido da Haikali na Augustus.[97] ===Afrika, Parthia (123)== A shekara ta 123, Hadrian ya tsallaka tekun Bahar Rum zuwa Mauretania, inda shi da kansa ya jagoranci wani dan yakin neman zabe kan 'yan tawayen yankin.[98] An katse ziyarar ne sakamakon rahotannin shirye-shiryen yaki da Parthia; Da sauri Hadrian ya nufi gabas. A wani lokaci, ya ziyarci Cyrene, inda da kansa ya ba da kuɗin horar da samari daga iyalai masu kyau ga sojojin Roma. Cyrene ya amfana a baya a zamanin Hadrian (a cikin 119) daga maido da gine-ginen jama'a da aka lalata a farkon, tawayen Yahudawa na Trajanic.[99] Birley ya siffanta irin wannan jarin a matsayin “halayen Hadrian”[100]. ==Anatoliya; Babban (123-124)== Lokacin da Hadrian ya isa kan Euphrates, shi da kansa ya yi shawarwari tare da Sarkin Parthian Osroes na I, ya duba kariyar Romawa, sannan ya tashi zuwa yamma, tare da bakin tekun Black Sea.[101] Wataƙila ya yi sanyi a Nicomedia, babban birnin Bitiniya. Nicomedia ta sami raunigirgizar ƙasa jim kaɗan kafin zamansa; Hadrian ya ba da kudade don sake gina shi kuma an yaba shi a matsayin mai mayar da lardin[102]. Bust of Antinous daga Patras, (National Archaeological Museum, Athens. Zai yiwu Hadrian ya ziyarci Claudiopolis kuma ya ga kyakkyawan Antinous, wani saurayi mai tawali'u wanda ya zama mai son Hadrian. Majiyoyin adabi da almara ba su ce komai ba game da lokacin ko inda suka hadu; Hotunan Antinous sun nuna masa yana da shekaru 20 ko sama da haka, jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa a shekara ta 130. A shekara ta 123 wataƙila ya kasance matashi mai shekaru 13 ko 14.[102] Yana yiwuwa kuma an aika Antinous zuwa Roma don horar da shi a matsayin shafi na hidima ga sarki kuma a hankali ya tashi zuwa matsayin daular fi so.[103]. Ba a san ainihin tarihin dangantakarsu ba.[104] Tare da ko ba tare da Antinous ba, Hadrian ya bi ta Anatolia. Hadisai daban-daban sun ba da shawarar kasancewarsa a wurare na musamman kuma suna zargin kafa wani birni a cikin Mysia, Hadrianutherae, bayan nasarar farautar boar. A daidai wannan lokaci, an fara aiwatar da shirin kammala Haikali na Zeus a Cyzicus, wanda sarakunan Pergamon suka fara. Haikalin ya sami babban mutum-mutumi na Hadrian. Cyzicus, Pergamon, Smyrna, Afisa da Sardes an inganta su a matsayin yanki na yanki don bautar sarki (neocoros).[105]. ===Girka (124-125)=== Hadrian ya isa Girka a lokacin kaka na 124 kuma ya shiga cikin Eleusinian Mysteries. Yana da wani alƙawari na musamman ga Athens, wanda a baya ya ba shi izinin zama ɗan ƙasa[106] da kuma babban sarki;[107] bisa ga buƙatar Athens, ya sake sake fasalin tsarin mulkin su - a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya ƙara sabon phyle (kabila), wanda shine mai suna bayansa[108]. Hadrian ya haɗu mai aiki, sa hannun hannu-kan tare da kamewa a hankali. Ya ki shiga tsakani a cikin rikicin cikin gida tsakanin masu samar da man zaitun da Majalisar Athens da Majalisar, wadanda suka sanya kason samar da man fetur ga masu samar da mai; [109] amma duk da haka ya ba da tallafin sarauta don wadatar hatsin Athenia.[110] Hadrian ya ƙirƙiri tushe guda biyu don tallafawa wasannin jama'a na Athens, bukukuwa da gasa idan babu wani ɗan ƙasa da ya sami wadata ko kuma yana son ɗaukar nauyinsu a matsayin Gymnasiarch ko Agonothetes[111]. Gabaɗaya Hadrian ya fi son cewa fitattun mutanen Girka, gami da firistoci na ɗabi'ar sarki, suna mai da hankali kan tanadi mafi mahimmanci da dorewa, musamman munera kamar magudanar ruwa da maɓuɓɓugar jama'a (nymphaea).[112]. An ba Athens nymphaea biyu; daya kawo ruwa daga Dutsen Parnes zuwa Athenia Agora ta hanyar hadaddun tsarin ƙalubale da buri na magudanan ruwa da tafkunan ruwa, wanda za a yi shi tsawon shekaru da yawa.[113] An ba da da yawa ga Argos, don magance ƙarancin ruwa mai tsanani da tsayin daka wanda "Argos mai ƙishirwa" ya bayyana a cikin almara na Homeric.[114] Haikali na Olympian Zeus, Athens, an kammala shi a ƙarƙashin Emperor Hadrian a 131. A lokacin hunturu, Hadrian ya zagaya Peloponnese. Ba a tabbatar da ainihin hanyarsa ba, amma ta kasance a cikin Epidaurus; Pausanias ya kwatanta haikalin da Hadrian ya gina a wurin, da mutum-mutuminsa - cikin jarumtakar tsiraici - da 'yan kasar suka gina[115] saboda godiya ga "mai mayar da su". Antinous da Hadrian sun riga sun kasance masoya a wannan lokacin; Hadrian ya nuna karimci na musamman ga Mantinea, wanda ya raba tsohuwar, almara, alaƙa mai amfani ta siyasa tare da gidan Antinous a Bithynia. Ya maido da Haikali na Mantinea na Poseidon Hippios, [116] [117] kuma a cewar Pausanias, ya maido da asalin sunan garin, na gargajiya. An sake masa suna Antigoneia tun zamanin Hellenistic, bayan Sarkin Macedonia Antigonus III Doson. Hadrian kuma ya sake gina tsoffin wuraren ibada na Abae da Megara, da Heraion of Argos.[118][119] A lokacin rangadinsa na Peloponnese, Hadrian ya rinjayi kakan Spartan Eurycles Herculanus - shugaban dangin Euryclid wanda ya mulki Sparta tun zamanin Augustus - don shiga majalisar dattawa, tare da babban sarki Athenia Herodes Atticus dattijo. The'Yan aristocrats biyu za su kasance na farko daga "Tsohuwar Girka" don shiga Majalisar Dattijai ta Roma, a matsayin wakilan Sparta da Athens, abokan adawar gargajiya da "manyan iko" na zamanin gargajiya.[120] Wannan wani muhimmin mataki ne na shawo kan ƙin yarda da manyan mutanen Girka su shiga cikin harkokin siyasar Romawa.[121] A cikin Maris 125, Hadrian ya jagoranci bikin Athenia na Dionysia, sanye da riguna na Athens. An gina Haikali na Zeus na Olympian fiye da ƙarni biyar; Hadrian ya sadaukar da albarkatu masu yawa bisa umarninsa don tabbatar da cewa aikin zai ƙare.[113] ==Koma Italiya da tafiya zuwa Afirka (126-128)==  Babban hoton sarki Hadrian tare da furen ganyen itacen oak (AD 117–138); marmara Pentelic, wanda aka samu a Athens, National Archaeological Museum, Athens  Hadrian sanye da sulke, sanye da gogon a sulke. marmara, zane-zane na Roman, c. 127-128 AD, daga Heraklion, Crete, yanzu a cikin Louvre, Paris Da ya koma Italiya, Hadrian ya yi rangadi zuwa Sicily. Tsabar kudi suna murna da shi a matsayin mai mayar da tsibirin[122]. Komawa a Roma, ya ga Pantheon da aka sake ginawa tare da kammala gininsa a Tibur kusa, a cikin Sabine Hills. A farkon Maris 127 Hadrian ya tashi yawon shakatawa na Italiya; An sake gina hanyarsa ta hanyar shaidar kyautarsa ​​da gudummawarsa[122]. Ya mayar da wurin ibada na Cupra a Cupra Maritima kuma ya inganta magudanar ruwa na tafkin Fucine. Mafi ƙarancin maraba fiye da irin wannan girman shine shawarar da ya yanke a cikin 127 na raba Italiya zuwa yankuna huɗu a ƙarƙashin ikon sarakunan da ke da matsayi na ofishin jakadanci, yana aiki a matsayin gwamnoni. An ba su iko a kan dukan Italiya, ban da Roma kanta, don haka suna canza shari'ar Italiyanci daga kotunan Roma.[123] Kasancewar Italiya ta rage yadda ya kamata zuwa matsayin rukuni na larduna kawai bai yi kyau ga Majalisar Dattijai ta Roma ba, [124] kuma sabuwar fasahar ba ta daɗe da wanzuwa a zamanin Hadrian ba.[122] Hadrian ya kamu da rashin lafiya a daidai wannan lokaci; ko yaya yanayin rashin lafiyarsa, bai hana shi tashi a cikin bazara na 128 don ziyartar Afirka ba. Zuwansa yayi dai-dai da yanayin ruwan sama, wanda ya kawo karshen fari. Tare da aikinsa na yau da kullun na mai ba da taimako da maidowa, ya sami lokaci don duba sojojin; jawabinsa gare su ya tsira.[125] Hadrian ya koma Italiya ne a lokacin rani na shekara ta 128, amma zaman nasa ya kasance a takaice, yayin da ya tashi wani rangadi da zai dauki tsawon shekaru uku.[126] ===Girka, Asiya, da Masar (128-130); Mutuwar Antinous== A cikin watan Satumba na 128, Hadrian ya sake zuwa Eleusinian asirai. A wannan karon ziyararsa zuwa Girka da alama ta ta'allaka ne kan Athens da Sparta - tsoffin abokan hamayyar mamayar Girka. Hadrian ya taka leda tare da ra'ayin mayar da hankali ga farkawa ta Girka a kusa da Ƙungiyar Amphictyonic da ke Delphi, amma a yanzu ya yanke shawarar wani abu mafi girma. Sabon Panhelleon nasa zai zama majalisa da za ta hada garuruwan Girka. Bayan da aka fara shirye-shiryen - yanke shawarar wanda da'awar zama birnin Girka na gaske zai ɗauki lokaci - Hadrian ya tashi zuwa Afisa.[127] Daga Girka, Hadrian ya bi ta hanyar Asiya zuwa Masar, mai yiwuwa wani ɗan kasuwa na Afisawa, Lucius Erastus ya kai shi ta tekun Aegean tare da tawagarsa. Daga baya Hadrian ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga Majalisar Afisa, yana mai goyan bayan Erastus a matsayin ɗan takarar da ya cancanci zama ɗan majalisar gari kuma ya ba da kuɗin biyan kuɗin da ake bukata.[128]. Kofar Hadrian a Philae Hadrian ya isa Masar kafin sabuwar shekara ta Masar a ranar 29 ga Agusta 130.[129]. Ya buɗe zamansa a Masar ta hanyar maido da kabarin Babban Pompey a Pelusium, [130] ya miƙa masa hadaya a matsayin jarumi da kuma rubuta almara na kabarin. Kamar yadda aka amince da Pompey a duk duniya a matsayin alhakin kafa ikon Roma a gabas, wannan mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da buƙatar sake tabbatar da mulkin Gabashin Romawa bayan tashe tashen hankula a wurin a lokacin mulkin Trajan.[131] Hadrian da Antinous sun gudanar da farautar zaki a cikinHamadar [[Libya]]; waka a kan wannan batu na Pankrates na Girkanci shine farkon shaidar cewa sun yi tafiya tare.[132] Yayin da Hadrian da tawagarsa ke tafiya a kan kogin Nilu, Antinous ya nutse. Ba a san ainihin yanayin mutuwarsa ba, kuma hatsari, kashe kansa, kisan kai da sadaukarwar addini duk an sanya su. Historia Augusta yana ba da asusun mai zuwa: A cikin tafiya a kan kogin Nilu ya rasa Antinous, wanda ya fi so, kuma saboda wannan matashi ya yi kuka kamar mace. Dangane da wannan lamari akwai jita-jita daban-daban; don wasu suna da'awar cewa ya sadaukar da kansa ga Hadrian, wasu kuma - abin da duka kyawunsa da sha'awar Hadrian suka nuna. Amma duk da haka wannan ya kasance, Girkawa sun kaskantar da shi bisa ga bukatar Hadrian, kuma sun bayyana cewa, ta hanyar hukumarsa ne ake ba da lafuzza, amma su ne Hadrian da kansa ya tsara su[133]. Hadrian ya kafa birnin Antinoöpolis a Antinous 'girmama a kan 30 Oktoba 130. Daga nan ya ci gaba da gangara kogin Nilu zuwa Thebes, inda ya ziyarci Colossi na Memnon a kan 20 da 21 Nuwamba aka commemorates da hudu epigrams rubuta by Julia Balbilla. Bayan haka, sai ya nufi arewa, ya isa Fayyum a farkon watan Disamba[134]. ===Girka da Gabas (130-132)=== Arch of Hadrian a Jerash, Transjordan, wanda aka gina don girmama ziyarar Hadrian a cikin 130 Yunkurin Hadrian bayan tafiyarsa zuwa kogin Nilu ba shi da tabbas. Ko ya koma Roma ko a'a, ya yi tafiya a Gabas a lokacin 130-131, don tsarawa da buɗe sabon Panhelleon, wanda za a mai da hankali kan Haikali na Athenia zuwa Olympian Zeus. Kamar yadda rikice-rikicen cikin gida ya haifar da gazawar shirin da ya gabata na ƙungiyar Hellenic da ke kan Delphi, Hadrian ya yanke shawarar a maimakon babban gasar dukan biranen Girka.[135] Aikace-aikacen da suka yi nasara don zama memba sun haɗa da ƙididdiga ko ƙirƙira da'awar zuwa asalin Girkanci, da tabbatar da aminci ga daular Roma, don gamsar da keɓaɓɓen tunanin Hadrian, ingantaccen ra'ayi na Hellenism.[136][137] Hadrian ya ga kansa a matsayin mai kare al'adun Girka da "'yanci" na Girka - a wannan yanayin, mulkin kai na birni. Ya ba Hadrian damar bayyana a matsayin magajin almara ga Pericles, wanda ake zaton ya kira taron Panhellenic na baya - irin wannan taron an ambaci shi ne kawai a cikin tarihin rayuwar Pericles ta Plutarch, wanda ya mutunta tsarin mulkin Rome.[138] Shaidu na al'ada sun nuna cewa begen yin amfani da Panhelleniya ba ta da sha'awa kaɗan ga masu arziki, biranen Hellenised na Asiya Ƙarama, waɗanda ke kishin Athenian da Girkanci na Turai a cikin makircin Hadrian.[139] Ra'ayin Hadrian game da Hellenism ya kasance kunkuntar kuma da gangan archaising; ya fassara “Girkanci” a cikin tushen asali na gargajiya, maimakon al’adun Hellenanci mai fadi.[140] Wasu garuruwan da ke da da'awar Girkanci, duk da haka - kamar Side - an yarda da su a matsayin cikakken Hellenic.[141] Masanin zamantakewa na Jamus Georg Simmel ya bayyana cewa Panhelleon ya dogara ne akan "wasanni, bukukuwan tunawa, kiyaye manufa, gabaɗayan Hellenism ba na siyasa ba".[142]. Hadrian ya ba da lakabi na girmamawa ga cibiyoyin yanki da yawa.[143] Palmyra ta sami ziyarar jaha kuma an ba ta sunan jama'a Hadriana Palmyra.[144] Har ila yau Hadrian ya ba da daraja ga manyan sarakunan Palmyrene daban-daban, daga cikinsu akwai wani Soados, wanda ya yi aiki da yawa don kare kasuwancin Palmyrene tsakanin Daular Rum da Parthia.[145] Hadrian ya shafe lokacin hunturu na 131–32 a Athens, inda ya keɓe Haikali na Olympian Zeus, [146] A wani lokaci a cikin 132, ya nufi Gabas, zuwa Yahudiya. ===Yaƙin Romawa na uku (132–136)=== Babban labarin: Bar Kokhba tawaye An sanya tsabar kuɗi don nuna ziyarar Hadrian a Yahudiya. Rubutun: HADRIANVS AVG. CO[N]S. III, P.P. / ADVENTVI (shigo) AVG. IVDAEAE - S.C.  An gano wani mutum-mutumi na Hadrian a Tel Shalem don tunawa da nasarar da sojojin Roma suka yi akan Simon bar Kokhba, wanda aka nuna a Isra'ila.Museum, Urushalima  Hoton Porphyry na Hadrian an gano shi a Kaisariya, Isra'ila ==Bayanan baya, dalilai== A cikin Yahudiya ta Romawa, Hadrian ya ziyarci Urushalima, wadda har yanzu tana cikin kango bayan Yaƙin Romawa-Yahudawa na Farko na 66–73. Wataƙila ya yi shirin sake gina Urushalima a matsayin mulkin mallaka na Roma - kamar yadda Vespasian ya yi da Caesarea Maritima - tare da wasu gata na daraja da na kuɗi. Mutanen da ba na Romawa ba ba za su sami wani nauyi ba na shiga cikin al'adun addinin Romawa amma ana sa ran za su goyi bayan tsarin mulkin Romawa; An tabbatar da wannan a Kaisariya, inda wasu Yahudawa suka yi hidima a cikin sojojin Roma a lokacin tawaye na 66 da 132.[147] An yi hasashe cewa Hadrian ya yi niyyar haɗa Haikalin Yahudawa zuwa ga al'adun gargajiya na Roman farar hula-addini; An daɗe ana gudanar da irin wannan haɗakarwa a Girka da sauran larduna, kuma a gaba ɗaya, an yi nasara.[148][149] Samariyawa maƙwabta sun riga sun haɗa ayyukansu na addini da na Hellenanci.[150] Tauhidi mai tsauri na yahudawa ya tabbatar da cewa ya fi tsayin daka ga kiyayyar daular, sannan ga bukatun daular[151]. Wata al’ada da ta ginu a kan Tarihi Augusta ta nuna cewa tawaye ya samo asali ne sakamakon kawar da kaciyar Hadrian (brit milah);[152] wanda a matsayinsa na Hellenanci yake kallonsa a matsayin yankan mutum[153]. Masanin ilimin Peter Schäfer ya tabbatar da cewa babu wata shaida ga wannan da'awar, idan aka ba da yanayin matsala mai mahimmanci na Tarihin Augusta a matsayin tushen, "tomfoolery" da marubucin ya nuna a cikin nassi mai dacewa, da kuma gaskiyar cewa dokokin Romawa na zamani akan "al'aurar al'aura". kaciya” da alama yana magana ne game da batun jefa bayi da iyayengijinsu ke yi.[154][155][156] Wasu batutuwa za su iya ba da gudummawa ga barkewar: mulkin Romawa mai nauyi, rashin jin daɗin al'ada; tashe-tashen hankula tsakanin matalautan da ba su da ƙasa da kuma ’yan mulkin mallaka na Roma masu shigowa da ke da gata da bayar da ƙasa; da kuma ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan aƙidar Almasihu, da aka ƙaddara a kan annabcin Irmiya cewa za a sake gina Haikali shekaru saba’in bayan halakar, kamar yadda Haikali na farko ya kasance bayan hijira na Babila.[157] ==Tawaye== Wani gagarumin boren yahudawa na kyamar Yahudawa da na Romawa ya barke, wanda Simon bar Kokhba ya jagoranta.[158] Idan aka yi la’akari da rarrabuwar kawuna na shaidun da ke akwai, ba zai yiwu a iya tantance ainihin ranar da za a fara tayar da zaune tsaye ba. Wataƙila ya fara ne tsakanin bazara da faɗuwar shekara ta 132.[159] Gwamnan Roma Tineius (Tynius) Rufus ya nemi sojoji su murkushe juriya; Bar Kokhba ya hukunta duk wani Bayahude da ya ki shiga sahunsa[158]. A cewar Justin Martyr da Eusebius, hakan ya shafi Kiristoci da suka tuba, waɗanda suka yi adawa da da'awar Almasihu na Bar Kokhba.[160] Rumawa sun sha kaye da tsantsar tsaurin ra'ayi da aka shirya na boren.[151] Hadrian ya kira Janar Sextus Julius Severus daga Biritaniya ya kawo sojoji daga Danube. Asarar Romawa sun yi yawa; gaba daya runduna ko kwatankwacin adadinsa kusan 4,000.[161] Rahoton Hadrian game da yaƙin ga Majalisar Dattijan Roma ya tsallake gaisuwar al'ada, "Idan kai da 'ya'yanka suna cikin koshin lafiya, yana da kyau; Ni da runduna muna cikin koshin lafiya" [162]. An ruguza tawayen da 135. A cewar Cassius Dio.[163] Beitar, birni mai kagara mai nisan kilomita 10 (6.2 mi) kudu maso yamma da Kudus, ya fado ne bayan da aka yi masa kawanya na tsawon shekaru uku da rabi.[164] ==Bayan haka; zalunci=== Taimako daga wani abin tunawa na girmamawa na Hadrian (daki-daki), yana nuna sarki yana gaishe da allahn Roma da Genii na Majalisar Dattijai da mutanen Romawa; marmara, zane-zane na Roman, karni na 2 AD, Gidajen tarihi na Capitoline, Birnin Vatican Yaƙin Romawa a Yahudiya ya yi sanadin mutuwar Yahudawa 580,000 kuma an lalata garuruwa masu garu 50 da ƙauyuka 985.[163] An bautar da adadin mutanen da ba a sani ba. Girman matakan ladabtarwa kan al'ummar yahudawa ya kasance abin muhawara.[164] Hadrian ya maye gurbinsunan lardin ta hanyar sake masa suna Syria Palaestina. Ya canza sunan Urushalima Aelia Capitolina bayan kansa da Jupiter Capitolinus kuma ya sake gina ta a cikin salon Girka. A cewar Epiphanius, Hadrian ya nada Akuila daga Sinope a Pontus a matsayin "mai kula da aikin ginin birnin", tun da yake yana da dangantaka da shi ta hanyar aure[165]. An ce Hadrian ya sanya babban taron birnin a mahadar babban Cardo da Decumanus Maximus, yanzu wurin da (ƙaramin) Muristan. Bayan dakushe tawayen yahudawa, Hadrian ya baiwa Samariyawa haikalin da aka keɓe ga Zeus Hypsistos ("Mafi Girman Zeus")[166] akan Dutsen Gerizim.[167] Danniya mai zubar da jini na tawaye ya kawo karshen 'yancin kai na siyasar Yahudawa daga tsarin mulkin daular Roma.[168] ===Hanyar Hadrian=== Rubuce-rubucen sun bayyana a fili cewa a cikin 133, Hadrian ya tafi filin tare da sojojinsa a kan 'yan tawaye. Daga nan sai ya koma Roma, mai yiwuwa a wannan shekarar kuma kusan tabbas - yana yin hukunci daga rubuce-rubucen - ta hanyar Illyricum.[169] ===Shekaru na ƙarshe===  rukunin sarakuna kamar Mars da Venus; Siffar namiji hoton Hadrian ne, mai yiwuwa siffar mace ta sake yin aiki a cikin hoton Annia Lucilla; marmara, zane-zane na Roman, c. 120-140 AD, sake yin aiki c. 170-175 AD. Hadrian ya shafe shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa a Roma. A cikin 134, ya ɗauki gaisuwar sarauta don ƙarshen Yaƙin Yahudawa na uku (wanda ba a ƙare ba har sai shekara ta gaba). An rage yawan lambobin yabo na tunawa da nasara, yayin da Hadrian ya zo ya ga yakin "a matsayin rashin tausayi da rashin jin dadi na kwatsam ga burinsa" zuwa daular duniya.[170]. Empress Sabina ta mutu, mai yiwuwa a cikin 136, bayan auren rashin jin daɗi wanda Hadrian ya jimre a matsayin larura ta siyasa. Tarihin rayuwar Augusta ya nuna cewa Hadrian da kansa ya bayyana cewa "rashin fushi da fushi" matarsa ​​​​zai zama dalilin rabuwar aure, idan shi dan kasa ne mai zaman kansa.[171]. Wannan ya ba da tabbaci, bayan mutuwar Sabina, ga imanin gama gari cewa Hadrian ya sa ta guba.[172] Dangane da ingantaccen tsarin mulkin daular, Sabina - wacce ta zama Ogusta a wani lokaci a kusa da 128[173] - ta kasance bautãwa ba da daɗewa ba bayan mutuwarta.[174] ==Shirya magaji== Hoton Hadrian bayan mutuwa; tagulla, zane-zane na Roman, c. 140 AD, watakila daga Roman Misira, Louvre, Paris Auren Hadrian da Sabina bai haihu ba. Yana fama da rashin lafiya, Hadrian ya juya ga batun magaji. A cikin 136, ya karɓi ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan jakadu na waccan shekarar, Lucius Ceionius Commodus, wanda, a matsayin sarki mai jiran gado, ya ɗauki sunan Lucius Aelius Kaisar. Shi surukin Gaius Avidius Nigrinus ne, ɗaya daga cikin “jami’an jakadanci huɗu” da aka kashe a shekara ta 118. Lafiyarsa ba ta da kyau, kuma sunansa a fili ya fi na “Ubangiji mai ƙwazo, mai ilimi sosai fiye da na shugaba. "[175] An yi ƙoƙari iri-iri na zamani don bayyana zaɓin Hadrian: Jerome Carcopino ya ba da shawarar cewa Aelius ɗan Hadrian ne.[176] An kuma yi hasashen cewa riƙon da aka yi masa shi ne yunƙurin da Hadrian ya yi na jinkirin yin sulhu da ɗaya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci daga cikin iyalai huɗu na majalisar dattawa waɗanda aka kashe manyan membobinsu jim kaɗan bayan Hadrian ya gaje shi.[83] Aelius ya wanke kansa da mutunci a matsayin gwamnan hadin gwiwa na Pannonia Superior da Pannonia Inferior; [177] ya ci gaba da zama a cikin 137 amma ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Janairu 138.[178]. Hadrian na gaba ya karbi Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus (sarki mai zuwa Antoninus Pius), wanda ya bauta wa Hadrian a matsayin daya daga cikin wakilai na sarakuna biyar na Italiya, kuma a matsayin mai mulki na Asiya. A cikin sha'awar zaman lafiyar dynastic, Hadrian ya buƙaci Antoninus ya ɗauki Lucius Ceionius Commodus (ɗan marigayi Aelius Kaisar) da Marcus Annius Verus (jikan dan majalisar dattijai mai suna wanda ya kasance abokin Hadrian); An riga an amince da Annius ga Aelius Kaisar'yar Ceionia Fabia.[179][180] Wataƙila ba Hadrian ba ne, amma antoninus Pius - kawun Annius Verus - wanda ya goyi bayan ci gaban Annius Verus; Sakin na karshen na Ceionia Fabia da auren da aka yi da 'yar Antoninus Annia Faustina ya nuna hanya guda. Lokacin da ya zama sarki a ƙarshe, Marcus Aurelius zai zaɓi Ceionius Commodus a matsayin abokin aikinsa, a ƙarƙashin sunan Lucius Verus, a kan kansa [179]. Shekarun Hadrian na ƙarshe sun kasance da rikici da rashin jin daɗi. Ɗaukarsa na Aelius Kaisar ya nuna rashin jin daɗi, ba ko kaɗan ba tare da surukin Hadrian Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus da jikan Servianus Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator. Servianus, ko da yake yanzu ya tsufa ya yi yawa, ya tsaya a cikin jerin magaji a farkon mulkin Hadrian; An ce Fuscus yana da zane-zane akan ikon daular don kansa. A cikin 137, mai yiwuwa ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi juyin mulki wanda kakansa ke da hannu a ciki; Hadrian ya yi umarni da a kashe su duka.[181] An ruwaito Servianus ya yi addu'a kafin a kashe shi cewa Hadrian zai yi marmarin mutuwa amma ba zai iya mutuwa ba[182]. A lokacin rashin lafiyarsa ta ƙarshe, ta daɗe, an hana Hadrian kashe kansa a lokuta da dama.[183] Mutuwa [gyara tushe] Mausoleum na Hadrian, wanda Hadrian ya ba da izini a matsayin makabartar kansa da danginsa. Hadrian ya rasu a shekara ta 138 a ranar 10 ga watan Yuli, a gidansa da ke Baiae yana da shekaru 62, ya yi sarauta na tsawon shekaru 21.[184] Dio Cassius da Tarihin Augusta sun rubuta cikakkun bayanai game da rashin lafiyarsa; wasu kafofin zamani suna fassara maƙarƙashiyar kunnuwa akan hotuna daga baya (kamar Townley Hadrian) a matsayin alamun cututtukan jijiyoyin jini.[185]. An binne shi a Puteoli, kusa da Baiae, a wani yanki da ya taɓa zama na Cicero. Ba da da ewa ba, an mayar da gawarsa zuwa Roma kuma aka binne shi a cikin Lambuna na Domitia, kusa da mausoleum kusan cikakke. Bayan kammala Mausoleum na Hadrian a Roma a shekara ta 139 ta magajinsa Antoninus Pius, an kona gawarsa. An ajiye tokarsa a wurin tare da na matarsa ​​Vibia Sabina da ɗansa na fari, Lucius Aelius Kaisar, wanda shi ma ya mutu a shekara ta 138. Majalisar dattijai ta ƙi ba Hadrian girma; amma Antoninus ya lallashe su ta hanyar barazanar kin matsayin Sarkin sarakuna[186][187]. An bai wa Hadrian haikali a sansanin Martius, wanda aka yi masa ado da kayan taimako da ke wakiltar larduna.[188] Majalisar dattijai ta ba Antoninus lakabin “Pius”, don karrama ibadarsa ta neman ladabtar da Hadrian, uban rikonsa[186]. Haka kuma, watakila bisa la’akari da mugun nufi da majalisar dattijai ta yi wa Hadrian, an rage yawan kuɗin tunawa da girmama Allahntakarsa.[189] ==Ayyukan soja== Mutum-mutumin Hadrian sanye da rigar soji, sanye da kambin farar hula da tsoka, daga Antalya, Turkiyya. Yawancin ayyukan soja na Hadrian sun yi daidai da akidarsa ta daula a matsayin al'umma mai son juna da goyon bayan juna. Ya mai da hankali kan kariya daga barazanar waje da na ciki; a kan “kyar da” lardunan da ake da su maimakon cin zarafi na dukiya da ƙasa ta hanyar mallake mutanen “baƙin waje” waɗanda suka siffantu da daular farko.[190] Sauye-sauyen manufofin Hadrian wani bangare ne na tafiyar hawainiya na fadada daular, irin wannan fadadawar ba a rufe bayansa (mafi girman daular ta samu ne kawai a lokacin daular Severan), amma wani muhimmin mataki a wannan shugabanci, idan aka yi la'akari da girman daular. [191] Yayin da daular baki daya ta amfana da hakan, masu aikin soja sun nuna rashin jin dadin yadda aka rasa damammaki. Masanin tarihi na karni na 4 Aurelius Victor ya ga janyewar Hadrian daga ribar yankin Trajan a Mesopotamiya a matsayin kishin kishin nasarorin Trajan (Traiani gloriae invidens)[192]. Wataƙila, manufar faɗaɗawa ba ta dawwama; daular tana dasun rasa runduna guda biyu, Legio XXII Deiotariana da kuma “batattu legion” IX Hispania, mai yiyuwa ne aka lalata su a cikin marigayi juyin juya halin Trajanic da Brigantes suka yi a Biritaniya.[193] Wataƙila Trajan da kansa ya yi tunanin abin da ya samu a Mesopotamiya ba za a iya karewa ba kuma ya yi watsi da su jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa.[194] Hadrian ya ba da sassan Dacia ga Roxolani Sarmatians; Sarkinsu, Rasparaganus, ya sami ƴan ƙasar Roma, matsayin sarki abokin ciniki, da yuwuwar ƙarin tallafi.[195] Kasancewar Hadrian a gaban Dacian hasashe ne kawai, amma an haɗa Dacia cikin jerin tsabar kuɗinsa tare da kwatancen larduna.[196]. Janyewar dakaru da aka sarrafa daga filayen Dacian zai kasance ƙasa da tsada fiye da kiyaye rukunin sojan doki na Roma da yawa da kuma hanyar sadarwa na kagara.[197] Hadrian ya ci gaba da kula da Osroene ta hannun abokin ciniki sarki Parthamaspates, wanda ya taba yin aiki a matsayin abokin ciniki na Trajan na Parthia; [199] A ƙarshen mulkinsa (135), Alani ya kai hari kan Kapadokya na Roma tare da goyon bayan faifai na Farisamanes, sarkin Caucasian Iberia. Gwamnan Hadrian, masanin tarihi Arrian, ya kori harin [200] wanda daga baya ya sanya wani "mai ba da shawara" na Romawa a Iberia.[201]. Arrian yana kiyaye Hadrian da kyau game da al'amuran da suka shafi Bahar Black da Caucasus. Tsakanin 131 da 132, ya aika da Hadrian wata doguwar wasiƙa (Periplus na Euxine) a kan balaguron teku a kusa da Bahar Black wanda aka yi niyya don bayar da bayanai masu dacewa idan ana buƙatar sa hannun Romawa.[202] Sardonyx cameo yana kwatanta Hadrian da Romawa suka yi rawa a cikin karusar da gaggafa suka ja a matsayin mai mulkin duniya. Wataƙila an yi wa Claudius a kusa da 50 AZ tare da sake yin aikin kai a cikin hoton Hadrian, Altes Museum. Har ila yau Hadrian ya samar da garu na dindindin da na soja a kan iyakokin daular (iyaka, sl. limes) don tallafawa manufofinsa na kwanciyar hankali, zaman lafiya da shirye-shirye. Hakan ya taimaka wajen sa sojoji su kasance masu amfani a lokutan zaman lafiya; Dakaru talakawa ne suka gina katangarsa ta Biritaniya. Jerin galibin katangar katako, sanduna, tudu da hasumiyai sun ƙarfafa iyakokin Danube da Rhine. Sojoji sun gudanar da ayyukan motsa jiki na yau da kullun. Ko da yake tsabar kuɗinsa ya nuna hotunan soja kusan sau da yawa a matsayin masu zaman lafiya, manufar Hadrian ta kasance zaman lafiya ta hanyar ƙarfi, har ma da barazana, [203] tare da girmamawa ga horo, wanda shine batun tsarin kuɗi guda biyu. Cassius Dio ya yaba da fifikon Hadrian akan “tofi da goge baki” a matsayin sanadin zaman lafiya gabaɗaya na mulkinsa[204]. Fronto, da bambanci, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Hadrian ya fi son wasanni na yaƙi zuwa yaƙi na ainihi kuma yana jin daɗin "ba da jawabai masu kyau ga sojoji" - kamar jerin adireshi da aka rubuta yayin ziyarar gani da ido, a lokacin 128, a sabon hedkwatar Legio III Augusta. cikin Lambaesis.[205] Da yake fuskantar karancin sojoji da aka dauka daga Italiya da sauran lardunan Romanis, Hadrian ya tsara yin amfani da lambobi marasa tsada - sojojin kabilanci wadanda ba 'yan kasa ba dauke da makamai na musamman, irin su maharba na Gabas, cikin karamin karfi, ayyukan tsaro na wayar hannu kamar mu'amala da su. masu kutsa kai cikin iyaka da masu fada-a-ji.[206][207] Har ila yau ana ba da labarin Hadrian da shigar da rukunin manyan mayaƙan doki (cataphracts) cikin sojojin Romawa[208]. Daga baya Fronto ya zargi Hadrian da raguwar matsayi a cikin sojojin Romawa na lokacinsa.[209] ==Manazarta== 4f12hq4venhbazgsamgwdr3zuqos5uv 0 89762 975509 894666 2026-11-03T09:09:17Z Zahrah0 14848 975509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''I Kadek Agung Widnyana Putra''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1998) [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] ne na ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar Lig 1 Bali United .Ya fi taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari]], amma kuma yana iya taka leda a dan wasan tsaki da kuma reshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadek Agung Widnyana - Bali United {{!}} Ligina Database Stats |url=http://www.shsti.net/pemain/view/3124/kadek-agung-widnyana.html |access-date=18 January 2018 |website=www.shsti.net |language=id |archive-date=19 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119060705/http://www.shsti.net/pemain/view/3124/kadek-agung-widnyana.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Bali United === A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun 2018, Agung ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arsa ta farko, yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da kungiyar Lig 1 Bali United <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2018 |title=RESMI! BALI UNITED KONTRAK EMPAT PEMAIN JEBOLAN TIM U-19 {{!}} Bali United Official Website |url=http://www.baliutd.com/news/media-news/resmi-bali-united-kontrak-empat-pemain-jebolan-tim-u-19/ |access-date=18 January 2018 |website=Bali United Official Website |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207155120/https://www.baliutd.com/news/media-news/resmi-bali-united-kontrak-empat-pemain-jebolan-tim-u-19/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> bayan an inganta shi daga Bali United U-19 kuma an gabatar da shi a matsayin dan wasan gwaji a ranar 4 ga watan Disamba 2017. Ya sabunta kwangilar, ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin tawagar har zuwa karshen kakar shekara ta 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2017 |title=RESMI! BALI UNITED PERKENALKAN TIGA PUNGGAWA ANYAR SERTA EMPAT PEMAIN TRIAL {{!}} Bali United Official Website |url=http://www.baliutd.com/news/media-news/resmi-bali-united-perkenalkan-tiga-punggawa-anyar-serta-empat-pemain-trial/ |access-date=18 January 2018 |website=Bali United Official Website |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002121606/https://www.baliutd.com/news/media-news/resmi-bali-united-perkenalkan-tiga-punggawa-anyar-serta-empat-pemain-trial/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Agung ya fara buga wasan gwagwalada farko da kuma wasan farko na Bali United a wasan 1-0 da ya ci Mitra Kukar a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2018 a matsayin mai gwagwalada maye gurbin Irfan Bachdim a minti na 73. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BALI UNITED VS. MITRA KUKAR 1 - 0 |url=https://id.soccerway.com/matches/2018/10/15/indonesia/super-liga/persisam-putra-samarinda/mitra-kukar-kartanegara/2758880/ |access-date=15 October 2018 |publisher=soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, Agung ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar Ligue 1 ta 2018 a Bali United a wasan 2-2 a kan Borneo a Filin wasa na Kapten I Wayan Dipta . <ref>{{Cite web |title=LAGA KONTRA BORNEO FC JADI BUKTI NYATA KUALITAS KADEK AGUNG WIDNYANA |url=https://www.baliutd.com/news/media-news/laga-kontra-borneo-fc-jadi-bukti-nyata-kualitas-kadek-agung-widnyana/ |access-date=25 October 2018 |publisher=baliutd.com |language=id |archive-date=29 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029160250/http://www.baliutd.com/news/media-news/laga-kontra-borneo-fc-jadi-bukti-nyata-kualitas-kadek-agung-widnyana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Kadek Agung ya buga wa tawagar kasa da shekaru 22 ta Indonesia wasa a gasar zakarun matasa ta AFF U-22 ta shekara ta 2019. Ya sami kira don shiga babbar Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Indonesia a watan Mayu 2021. Ya samu lambar yabo ta farko a wasan sada zumunci da Oman a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Starting XI Timnas Indonesia vs Oman Egy Maulana Vikri Starter |url=https://www.kumparan.com/amp/kumparanbola/starting-xi-timnas-indonesia-vs-oman-egy-maulana-vikri-starter-1vq8dQOgC1Y |website=kumparan.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Resmi, Ini 28 Pemain Timnas Indonesia Untuk Kualifikasi Piala Dunia 2022 |url=https://bola.tempo.co/read/1461987/resmi-ini-28-pemain-timnas-indonesia-untuk-kualifikasi-piala-dunia-2022 |website=bola.tempo.com}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuni 2021, ya zira kwallaye na farko na kasa da kasa a kan Thailand a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022, gwagwa inda Indonesia ta zira kwallayen 2-2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2021 |title=Hasil Akhir Thailand vs Indonesia: Gol I Kadek Agung dan Evan Dimas Buat Pertandingan Berakhir Imbang 2-2 |url=https://kabarbesuki.pikiran-rakyat.com/bola/pr-192000857/hasil-akhir-thailand-vs-indonesia-gol-i-kadek-agung-dan-evan-dimas-buat-pertandingan-berakhir-imbang-2-2 |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=pikiranrakyat.com |language=id}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|20 December 2024.}}<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/i-kadek-agung-widnyana-putra/573158/|title=Indonesia - K. Agung - Profile with news, career statistics and history|website=Soccerway|accessdate=2020-10-07}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="7" |Bali United |2018 | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Lig 1 |7 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |7 |1 |- |2019 | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Lig 1 |9 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |9 |0 |- |2020 | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Lig 1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |- |2021–22 | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Lig 1 |11 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[2021 Menpora Cup|Menpora Cup]].}} |0 |13 |0 |- |2022–23 | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Lig 1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |2023–24 |Lig 1 |28 |1 |0 |0 |5 |0 |0 |0 |33 |1 |- |2024–25 |Lig 1 |12 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |12 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !69 !2 !0 !0 !5 !0 !2 !0 !76 !2 |} ; Bayani {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 29 December 2021}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Indonesia |2021 |10 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !10 !1 |} === Manufofin kasa da kasa === ''Manufofin Indonesia'' {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" !# !Ranar !Wurin da ake ciki !Abokin hamayya !Sakamakon !Sakamakon !Gasar |- |1. |3 Yuni 2021 |Filin wasa na Al Maktoum, [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]], [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] |{{Fb|THA}} | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |2–2 |cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022 |} == Daraja == === Kungiyar === ; Bali United * Lig 1: 2019, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bali United Juara Liga 1 Usai Penantian Lima Tahun |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20191201153907-142-453121/bali-united-juara-liga-1-usai-penantian-lima-tahun |website=cnnindonesia.com}}</ref> 2021-222021–22 === Kasashen Duniya === '''Indonesia U-22''' * Gasar Matasa ta AFF U-22: 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yan |date=26 February 2019 |title=Indonesia beat Thailand 2-1 to win AFF U-22 Championship |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-02/26/c_137852625.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227120813/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-02/26/c_137852625.htm |archive-date=February 27, 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |publisher=Xinhua News Agency}}</ref> '''Indonesia''' * Wanda ya ci gaba a Gasar cin kofin AFF: 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Piala AFF 2020 Indonesia vs Thailand: Statistik Pertandingan Tunjukkan Kelemahan Garuda {{!}} liputan6.com |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/4844069/piala-aff-2020-indonesia-vs-thailand-statistik-pertandingan-tunjukkan-kelemahan-garuda |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=www.liputan6.com}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] jrfweconjnqsvllwgz2uyq376idhngc 0 90571 975175 583023 2026-11-02T14:48:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emeka Nnamani''' ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan siyasa a [[Najeriya]]. Ya kasance ɗan majalisar wakilai ta tarayya mai wakiltar mazaɓar Aba North/Aba ta kudu a jihar Abia a majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa ta 10. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Estranged Wife Of Labour Party Parliamentary Candidate, Emeka Nnamani, Accuses Him Of Domestic Violence, 'Kidnapping' Their Kids {{!}} Sahara Reporters |url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/09/25/estranged-wife-labour-party-parliamentary-candidate-emeka-nnamani-accuses-him-domestic |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=saharareporters.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-26 |title=Estranged Wife Of Labour Party Parliamentary Candidate, Emeka Nnamani, Accuses Him Of Domestic Violence, 'Kidnapping' Their Kids {{!}} The Paradise |url=https://theparadise.ng/estranged-wife-of-labour-party-parliamentary-candidate-emeka-nnamani-accuses-him-of-domestic-violence-kidnapping-their-kids/ |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428085905/https://theparadise.ng/estranged-wife-of-labour-party-parliamentary-candidate-emeka-nnamani-accuses-him-of-domestic-violence-kidnapping-their-kids/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ofurum |first=Godfrey |date=2022-11-22 |title=Labour Party is the party to beat in 2023 general elections, says Nnamani |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/labour-party-is-the-party-to-beat-in-2023-general-elections-says-nnamani/ |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Nnamani, ɗan [[Nigeria Labour Party|jam’iyyar Labour Party]], LP ne ya lashe zaɓen majalisar wakilai da aka gudanar ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairun 2023 da kuri’u 35,502 inda ya doke wasu manyan ‘yan hamayya biyu, Alex Ikwecheghi na [[All Progressives Grand Alliance]], APGA wanda ya samu kuri’u 22,465, yayin da ɗan majalisar wakilai mai ci., [[Chimaobi Ebisike]], na jam'iyyar [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]], PDP ya samu 13,388 kuri'u. <ref>{{Cite web |last=gloriaabiakam |date=2023-03-23 |title=2023 Elections: Labour Party Wave hits Abia, as Party takes Political Structure from PDP in the State |url=https://fmic.gov.ng/2023-elections-labour-party-wave-hits-abia-as-party-takes-political-structure-from-pdp-in-the-state/ |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=Federal Ministry of Information and Culture |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428082952/https://fmic.gov.ng/2023-elections-labour-party-wave-hits-abia-as-party-takes-political-structure-from-pdp-in-the-state/ |archive-date=2023-04-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ɗan takarar jam’iyyar APGA, Alex Ikwecheghi na ƙalubalantar sakamakon zaɓen a kotun sauraron ƙararrakin zaɓe na shekarar 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alaribe |first=Ugochukwu |date=24 March 2023 |title=Election tribunal begins sitting in Abia |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/election-tribunal-begins-sitting-in-abia/ |access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref> Ya yi rashin nasara a kotun sauraron ƙararrakin zaɓe kuma [[Alex Mascot Ikwechegh|Alex Ikwechegh]] na jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Grand Alliance]] ya maye gurbinsa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Eze |first1=Treasure |title=Tribunal Sacks Two LP Reps In Abia, Declares APC, APGA As Winners |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/09/11/tribunal-sacks-two-lp-reps-member-in-abia-state-declares-apc-apga-as-winners/ |access-date=8 November 2024 |publisher=Channels TV |date=11 September 2023}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s090hyrgval584nyw3gunzbdckt9sxw 0 90785 975174 665831 2026-11-02T14:47:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emeka Atuma''' ya kasance ɗan siyasan kasar [[Najeriya]] ne. Ya wakilci mazaɓar [[Ikwuano]]/ [[Umuahia]] a [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai ta tarayya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Uthman |first=Samad |date=2022-04-12 |title='A lot has gone wrong in our state' -- Emeka Atuma, ex-lawmaker, joins Abia guber race |url=https://www.thecable.ng/a-lot-has-gone-wrong-in-our-state-emeka-atuma-ex-lawmaker-joins-abia-guber-race/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Telegraph |first=New |date=2022-04-28 |title=I'll liberate Abia in 2023, says Atuma |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/ill-liberate-abia-in-2023-says-atuma/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=New Telegraph |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Emeka Atuma ya fito ne daga ƙaramar hukumar Ikwuano a [[Abiya|jihar Abia]], [[Najeriya]]. Ya samu digiri a fannin Injiniyanci a [[Jami'ar Calabar]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kashgain |title=Emeka Atuma: Biography, Family and Political Career |url=https://kashgain.net/blog/emeka-atuma-biography-family-and-political-career/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=kashgain.net |language=English |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229081645/https://kashgain.net/blog/emeka-atuma-biography-family-and-political-career/ |archive-date=2024-12-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Siyasar Atuma ta fara ne a lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a matsayin [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|ɗan majalisar wakilai ta tarayya]] mai wakiltar mazaɓar Ikwuano/Umuahia ta tarayya daga shekarun 2003 zuwa 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obani |first=Felix |date=2022-04-27 |title=There is Mediocrity in Zoning: Hon Emeka Atuma, As He Joins Abia 2023 Governorship Race - |url=https://nationalwatch247.com/there-is-mediocrity-in-zoning-hon-emeka-atuma-as-he-joins-abia-2023-governorship-race/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-03 |title=Ex-PDP Rep joins APC in Abia - |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2020/02/03/ex-pdp-rep-joins-apc-in-abia/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=The NEWS}}</ref> A shekarar 2023 ya tsaya takarar Sanata mai wakiltar Abia ta tsakiya a matsayin ɗan takarar jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Igwe |first=Ignatius |date=2022-10-05 |title=Abia Central: Court Declares Atuma APC Senatorial Candidate |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2022/10/05/abia-central-court-declares-atuma-apc-senatorial-candidate/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Channels Television |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eziyi |first=Kalu |date=2022-10-05 |title=Court Affirms Atuma As Abia Central APC Candidate |url=https://leadership.ng/court-affirms-atuma-as-abia-central-apc-candidate/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Disambar 2024 ne Shugaba Bola Tinubu ya naɗa Atuma a matsayin shugaban hukumar raya Kudu Maso Gabas (SEDC), amma Emeka Nworgu ya maye gurbinsa da shi ƙasa da sa’o’i 24 da naɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chibundu |first=Janefrances |date=2024-12-07 |title=Tinubu replaces SEDC chairman, directors -- less than 24 hours after appointment |url=https://www.thecable.ng/tinubu-replaces-sedc-chairman-directors-less-than-24-hours-after-appointment/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anuku |first=Williams |date=2024-12-07 |title=Tinubu sacks Atuma, nominates Emeka Nworgu as Chairman of South East Development Commission |url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/12/07/tinubu-sacks-atuma-nominates-emeka-nworgu-as-chairman-of-south-east-development-commission/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2fhdy9ozde0e1oh9a3ejgp8jtpeen3w 0 92448 975390 840003 2026-11-02T22:09:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gail Kelly''' (née Currer) ƴar kasuwa ce ta Australiya da aka haifa a Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta alif 2002, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Shugaba na babban bankin Australiya ko manyan kamfanoni 15, kuma a shekara ta 2005 ita ce mace mafi albashi a cikin kamfani na Australiya. Ita ce tsohuwar Shugaba ta Westpac, rawar da ta taka daga 2008 zuwa 2015. A shekara ta 2010 an kira Kelly mace ta 8 mafi iko a duniya ta Forbes; a shekara ta 2014, an lissafa ta a matsayi na 56. Ta auri Allan Kelly a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1977.<ref name="THEAGE1">{{Cite web |date=3 July 2005 |title=CEO who gave birth to triplets |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/business/ceo-who-gave-birth-to-triplets/2005/07/02/1119724845747.html |access-date=15 April 2011 |publisher=[[The Age]]}}</ref><ref name="WESTPAC">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2007 |title=Westpac Media Release August 2007 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/719245/000110465907063344/a07-22245_1ex1.htm |access-date=15 April 2011 |publisher=[[Westpac]]}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Malami === Ma'auratan sun koma [[Rhodesia]] (yanzu [[Zimbabwe]]), inda ta koyar da Latin a Kwalejin Falcon yayin da take aiki a cikin Sojojin Rhodesia. Sun koma Afirka ta Kudu, inda Allan Kelly ya yi karatun likita a [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] kuma Gail Kelly tayi koyarwa a makarantar sakandare ta gwamnati.<ref name="THEAGE1"/> === Bankin === Kelly ta fara aiki a [[Nedcor Bank|Bankin Nedcor]] a 1980 a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi amma an bi shi cikin sauri a cikin shirin horo mai sauri.<ref name="WESTPAC"/> Ta fara MBA a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Wits, makarantar digiri na biyu ta gudanar da kasuwanci ta [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] a 1986 yayin da take da ciki da 'yarta ta fari kuma ta kammala karatu tare da bambanci a 1987. <ref name="WitsReview">{{Cite web |date=15 May 2018 |title=Simply Gail |url=https://issuu.com/witsalumnirelations/docs/wits_review_april_2018_issuu/s/15799 |access-date=2 October 2024 |publisher=Wits Alumni Relations}}</ref><ref name="THEAGE1"/> A shekara ta 1990, ta zama shugabar albarkatun ɗan adam a Nedcor (bayan ta haifi 'ya'ya uku watanni biyar da suka gabata). Daga farkon 1992 zuwa 1997 ta rike wasu mukamai daban-daban na janar a Nedcor, gami da katunan da banki na sirri. Kellys sun zama marasa jin daɗi game da Afirka ta Kudu a tsakiyar shekarun 1990s kuma suna neman ƙaura zuwa wata ƙasa daban. A watan Yunin 1997, ta tashi zuwa Sydney inda ta yi hira da manyan bankunan hudu kuma an nada ta zuwa babban matsayi a Bankin Commonwealth a watan Yulin 1997. <ref name="THEAGE1"/><ref name="WESTPAC"/> Kelly ya fara aiki a matsayin Janar Manajan Kasuwancin Kasuwanci a Bankin Commonwealth a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1997. A shekara ta 2002, ta kasance shugabar Sashen Kula da Abokin Ciniki wanda ke da alhakin gudanar da babban cibiyar sadarwar reshe na Bankin Commonwealth.<ref name="WESTPAC"/> Ayyukanta a Bankin Commonwealth ya kai ta ga a dauki ta a matsayin Shugaba na Bankin St. George (bayan mutuwar Shugaba mai ci gaba daga ciwon zuciya). Ta fara ne a watan Janairun 2002 - a lokacin, ana ganin St. George a matsayin yiwuwar mamayewa (musamman bayan sayen Bankin Jihar Colonial ta Bankin Commonwealth) amma Kelly ta kara riba bankin kuma ta sami matakan da suka fi girma akan dawowar kadarori.<ref name="THEAGE1"/> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2004, Bankin St. George ya ba Kelly karin albashi kuma [[Evergreen contract|ya tsawaita kwantiraginta har abada]] tare da kaddamar da bankin da ya karu da dala biliyan 3 tun farkon lokacin da ta fara a matsayin Shugaba. &nbsp;Mujallar Banking & Finance ta Australia ta ba ta lambar yabo don Mafi Kyawun Ayyukan Kudi a cikin 2003 da 2004. <ref name="THEAGE1" /> Saboda nasarar da ta samu a St George, an yi hasashen kafofin watsa labarai da yawa a watan Yunin 2005 cewa za ta koma Bankin Commonwealth a matsayin Shugaba a lokacin da David Murray AO ya yi ritaya, amma Kelly ta ce ta himmatu ga kasancewa tare da St. George. An maye gurbin Murray da Ralph Norris, tsohon Shugaba kuma manajan darektan Air New Zealand . <ref name="WESTPAC"/> A ranar Jumma'a 17 ga watan Agusta 2007, ta sanar da murabus dinta a matsayin Shugaba na St. George Bank don ɗaukar wannan matsayi a Westpac daga shekara ta 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kelly resigns from St.George |url=http://www.stgeorge.com.au/media_centre/news/news_archive.asp?id=254 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070903184329/http://stgeorge.com.au/media_centre/news/news_archive.asp?id=254 |archive-date=3 September 2007}}</ref> Ta fara aiki a matsayin Shugaba na Westpac a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2008. <ref name="WESTPAC"/> A ranar 12 ga Mayu 2008 Kelly ta ba da sanarwar hadewar dala biliyan 18.6 tsakanin Westpac da St. George Bank. <ref name="abc.net.au">{{Cite web |date=13 May 2008 |title=St George, Westpac agree on merger terms |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-05-13/st-george-westpac-agree-on-merger-terms/2434060 |access-date=14 September 2014 |website=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]}}</ref> Kotun Tarayya ta Ostiraliya ta amince da hadewar kuma ta kammala a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2008 |title=St George and WBC sign merger deal, ''NEWS.com.au'' |url=http://www.news.com.au/business/story/0,23636,23759042-462,00.html |access-date=15 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815130448/http://www.news.com.au/business/story/0,23636,23759042-462,00.html |archive-date=15 August 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Haɗin ya haifar da sabon haɗin Westpac Group yana da abokan ciniki miliyan 10, kashi 25% na kasuwar rancen gida na Australiya kuma tare da kudaden saka hannun jari na dala biliyan 108 a ƙarƙashin gwamnatinta.<ref name="abc.net.au" /> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010, Kelly ta ba da sanarwar burin samun mata kashi 40% na manyan mukamai 4000 a Westpac, aikin da jaridar The ''Australiya'' ta ruwaito cewa kusan an cimma shi a watan Maris na shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2012 |title=Westpac chief Gail Kelly's new kind of women's liberation |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/westpac-chiefs-new-kind-of-womens-liberation/story-fn91v9q3-1226292626827 |access-date=2 May 2013 |website=[[The Australian]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308115342/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/westpac-chiefs-new-kind-of-womens-liberation/story-fn91v9q3-1226292626827 |archive-date=8 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 2014, Kelly ta sanar da cewa za ta yi ritaya a matsayin Shugaba na Westpac Group a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2015. An nada Brian Hartzer, shugaban kungiyar kula da kudi ta Australia ta Westpac, a matsayin maye gurbin ta. == Littafin == A watan Agustan 2017, littafin tunawa na Kelly, Live Lead Learn: My Stories of Life and Leadership an buga shi ne ta hanyar Viking. Littafin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da abubuwan da ta samu na kasancewa babban 'yar kasuwa kuma mahaifiyar yara huɗu. == Impact and influence == A shekara ta 2010 an kira Kelly mace ta 8 mafi iko a duniya ta ''Forbes''; <ref name="Forbes">{{Cite web |title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/11/power-women_2010.html |access-date=14 September 2017 |website=Forbes}}</ref> a shekara ta 2014, an lissafa ta a matsayi na 56. <ref name="Forbes14">{{Cite web |title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women |url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/2/#tab:overall |access-date=26 June 2014 |website=Forbes}}</ref> === Matsayi === '''Forbes - Mata mafi iko a duniya''' {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Matsayi !Labari mai alaƙa |- |2014 |56 |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Cappiello |first=Emily |title=Gail Kelly |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gail-kelly/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> |- |2013 |62 |<ref name=":0" /> |- |2012 |60 |{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2020}} |- |2011 |32 | |- |2010 |8 |<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=World's Most Powerful Women List 2010 - Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/11/power-women_2010.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103162711/https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/11/power-women_2010.html |archive-date=2012-01-03 |access-date= |website=Forbes}}</ref> |- |2009 |18 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-07 |title=Gail Kelly in Forbes list of world's 10 most powerful women {{!}} The Australian |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/gail-kelly-in-forbes-list-of-worlds-10-most-powerful-women/story-e6frg8zx-1225935338055 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008032740/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/gail-kelly-in-forbes-list-of-worlds-10-most-powerful-women/story-e6frg8zx-1225935338055 |archive-date=2010-10-08 |access-date= |website=www.theaustralian.com.au}}</ref> |- |2008 |11 |<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=The 100 Most Powerful Women sorted by Rank - Forbes.com |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/11/biz_powerwomen08_The-100-Most-Powerful-Women_Rank.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830053700/https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/11/biz_powerwomen08_The-100-Most-Powerful-Women_Rank.html |archive-date=2008-08-30 |access-date= |website=Forbes}}</ref> |} '''Fortune - Bambance-bambance''' {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Labari mai alaƙa |- |2014 |Shugabannin 50 Mafi Girma a Duniya |49 | |- |2014 |Mata mafi iko a Asiya-Pacific |1 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-18 |title=The Most Powerful Women of Asia-Pacific {{!}} Fortune |url=https://fortune.com/2014/09/18/most-powerful-women-asia-pacific/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701220109/https://fortune.com/2014/09/18/most-powerful-women-asia-pacific/ |archive-date=2019-07-01 |access-date= |website=fortune.com}}</ref> |- |2014 |Mata 50 Mafi Iko - Global Edition |10 | |- |2013 |50 Mafi iko a Kasuwanci: Duniya 50 |3 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=50 Most Powerful Women In Business 2013: The Global 50 - Fortune Magazine |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/most-powerful-women/2013/global/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Fortune |archive-date=2014-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218194821/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/most-powerful-women/2013/global/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2012 |Mata 50 Mafi Iko a Kasuwanci - Jerin Duniya |2 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Most Powerful Women in Business 2012 |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/most-powerful-women/2012/global/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=CNNMoney |archive-date=2019-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008015749/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/most-powerful-women/2012/global/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2011 |Ƙarfin Duniya 50 |2 | |- |2010 |50 Mafi Ƙarfin Mata - Ƙarfin Duniya 50 |2 | |- |2009 |Mata 50 Mafi Iko a Kasuwanci - Jerin Duniya |2 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=50 Most Powerful Women in Business 2009: The Global 50 - FORTUNE on CNNMoney.com |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostpowerfulwomen/2009/global/index.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=money.cnn.com |archive-date=2024-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009012631/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostpowerfulwomen/2009/global/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2008 |Mata 50 Mafi Iko a Kasuwanci - Jerin Duniya |2 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=50 Most Powerful Women in Business 2008: The Global 50 - from FORTUNE |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostpowerfulwomen/2008/global/index.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=money.cnn.com |archive-date=2024-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104042545/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostpowerfulwomen/2008/global/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2007 |50 Mafi Ƙarfin Mata: Ƙarfin Duniya 50 |28 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Global Power 50 - Gail Kelly (28) - FORTUNE |url=https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0709/gallery.women_intl.fortune/28.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=money.cnn.com |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814094747/https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0709/gallery.women_intl.fortune/28.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} '''Lokaci na Kudi''' {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |2011 |Manyan Mata 50 a Kasuwancin Duniya |12 |- |2010 |Manyan Mata 50 a Kasuwancin Duniya |17 |} '''Mujallar Nazarin Kudi ta Australiya / Boss''' {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |2010 |Shugabannin Gaskiya: Kasancewa da iko |Babu matsayi |- |2008 |Jerin Mujallar AFR: Ikon Sashen: Ayyukan Kudi |2 |- |2007 |Shugabannin Gaskiya na AFR - Hall of Fame |Top 25 |- |2005 |Shugabannin Gaskiya na AFR |Babu matsayi |- |2004 |Jerin Mujallar AFR: Ikon Sashen: Ayyukan Kudi |Babu matsayi |- |2003 |Jerin Shugabannin Gaskiya na AFR |Babu matsayi |} '''Sauran jaridu na Australiya''' {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |Fabrairu 2015 |Mujallar Australian's Deal - Mata 50 Mafi Iko a Kasuwancin Australiya |40 |- |Maris 2013 |Jaridar Australiya - Jerin Mutanen 50 Mafi Tasiri a Siyasa |46 |- |2011 |The Sydney Morning Herald - Mata 50 masu tasiri |n/a |- |2003 |Daily Telegraph - Masu Gudanar da Ayyuka na Sydney |n/a |} {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Ranking !Related article |- |2014 |Morningstar – CEO of the Year |Joint runner-up |<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=News Archive {{!}} Morningstar Australia and New Zealand - Morningstar Names John Martin of Gilead Sciences as its 2014 CEO of the Year |url=http://corporate.morningstar.com/au/asp/subject.aspx?xmlfile=5689.xml&filter=PR5306 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028154100/http://corporate.morningstar.com/au/asp/subject.aspx?xmlfile=5689.xml&filter=PR5306 |archive-date=2016-10-28 |access-date= |website=corporate.morningstar.com}}</ref> |- |2014 |Australian Women Online – Power List |4 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-22 |title=Australian Women Online Julie Bishop Tops List of the 50 Most Powerful Women in Australia |url=https://australianwomenonline.com/julie-bishop-tops-list-of-the-50-most-powerful-women-in-australia/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Australian Women Online |language=en-AU}}</ref> |- |2013 |Crikey – Power 50 Index |20 |<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=The eight most powerful women in Australia |url=http://womensagenda.com.au/talking-about/top-stories/item/3102-the-eight-most-powerful-women-in-australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307193138/http://womensagenda.com.au/talking-about/top-stories/item/3102-the-eight-most-powerful-women-in-australia |archive-date=2016-03-07 |access-date= |website=womensagenda.com.au}}</ref> |- |2011 |Insto Magazine – Banker of the Year |1 | |- |2010 |Australian Women's Weekly – 6 Women of Influence |No rank | |- |2007 |Bulletin Magazine – 50 Most Influential in Business |9 | |- |2007 |Australian Women's Weekly – List of the 10 Most Powerful Women |No rank | |- |2005 |Australian Banking & Finance Magazine – Best Financial Services Executive |1 | |- |2004 |Bulletin Magazine – Smartest People List |'Heads up the business category...’ with Chip Goodyear. | |- |2004 |Australian Banking & Finance Magazine – Best Financial Services Executive |1 | |- |2003 |Australian Banking & Finance Magazine – Best Financial Services Executive |1 | |- |2002 |Business Review Weekly – Top 20 Most Powerful Women in Australian Business |4 | |} {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kpksmzwn1t3cgw05sd0i5wclktgmjjz 0 93599 975397 615847 2026-11-02T22:21:18Z Salma Raddah 45959 975397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tucano''', kuma '''Tukano''' ko '''Tucana''', endonym '''''ye'pâ-masa yee uúku͂sehé''''', yaren Tucano ne da ake magana da shi a cikin Amazonas, [[Brazil]] da [[Kolombiya|Colombia]]. Yawancin mutanen Tarana, masu magana da yaren Tarana da ke cikin haɗari suna canzawa zuwa Tucano. == Ilimin sauti == === Consonants === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" | ! Bilabial ! Alveolar ! Palatal ! Velar ! Glottal |- ! rowspan="2" | M ! <small>a fili</small> | p | t | | k | rowspan="2" | ʔ |- ! <small>murya</small> | b | d | | ɡ |- ! colspan="2" | Nasal | ( m ) | ( n ) | | ( ŋ ) | |- ! colspan="2" | Ƙarfafawa | | s | | | h |- ! colspan="2" | Trill | | r | | | |- ! colspan="2" | Kusanci | w | | j | | |} Sautin hanci [mn ŋ] bambance-bambance ne na tsayawar murya /bd ɡ/ tsakanin wasulan hanci. Hakanan Kuma za'a iya jin tasha kamar yadda aka riga aka sanya shi [ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ] bayan wasulan hanci. /w/ za a iya ji a matsayin hancin bilabial semivowel [ β̞̃ ] a cikin muhallin wasulan hanci. Za a iya jin wayoyi na /ɾ/ kamar [ ɾ̃ ], [ ɺ ] . === Wasula === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! ! Gaba ! Tsakiya ! Baya |- ! Babban | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |- ! Tsakar | e ẽ | | o õ |- ! Ƙananan | | a ã | |} == Duba kuma == * Mutanen Tucano == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} === Mutanen Espanya === * [http://galeon.hispavista.com/culturasamerica/Tukanos.htm Tukanos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428042301/http://galeon.hispavista.com/culturasamerica/Tukanos.htm |date=2019-04-28 }} == Littafi Mai Tsarki == * A Fala Tukano dos Ye'pâ-Masa: Tomo I: Gramática . Henri Ramirez (1997) · Manaus: Inspetoria Salesiana Missionária da Amazônia, CEDEM. * Welch, Betty da Yamma, Birdie (2000). A cikin Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva wanda González de Pérez, María Stella da Rodríguez de Montes suka gyara, María Luisa. Cibiyar Caro y Cuervo. * Bibliografía de la familia lingüística Tukano (antes Betoya) (shafi na 79-104). Marcelino de Castellvi (1939). A Ci gaba da taron na biyu na Inter American Bibliographical and Library Association 2:2 Washington, DC * Campbell, Lyle. (1997). ''Harsunan Indiyawan Amurka: Harsunan Tarihi na Ƙasar Amirka'' . New York: Jami'ar Oxford Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-19-509427-1|0-19-509427-1]] . * Proto Tucanoan (shafi na 119-149). Nathan E. Waltz da Alva Wheeler (1972). A cikin Nazarin Kwatancen cikin Harsunan Amerindi Mouton de Gruyter. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.ailla.utexas.org/search/collection.html?c_id=89 Tarin Harsunan Tucanoan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701175037/http://www.ailla.utexas.org/search/collection.html?c_id=89 |date=2016-07-01 }} na Janet Chernela, wanda aka ajiye a AILLA, yana ɗauke da rikodin sauti, kwafi, fassarorin da bayanan filin daga shekarar 1970s da shekarata 1980s. nabg56q8s2o40jmynsrd2nhkf05hhip 0 96067 975466 891554 2026-11-03T05:56:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Gordon Maeda (眞栄田 郷敦, Maeda Gōdon, an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2000) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Japan. Shi ne ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai zane-zane Sonny Chiba . [1] Maeda an fi saninsa da nuna Takashi Mitsuya a cikin fim din live na Tokyo Revengers da Hyakunosuke Ogata a cikin jerin Golden Kamuy . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Maeda a ranar 9 ga watan Janairu, 2000, a Los Angeles, California . Shi ne ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Japan Sonny Chiba da matarsa ta biyu Tamami . Yana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya Mackenyu da 'yar'uwarsa Juri Manase daga auren mahaifinsa na baya. Maeda ya zauna a Beverly Hills na tsawon shekaru 12 har zuwa kammala karatun firamare, kafin ya koma Japan tare da mahaifiyarsa.[1] Iyayensa sun sake aure a shekarar 2015. Ya koyi Kyokushin karate tun yana da shekaru 5 kuma ya ci gaba da shekaru 7. A makarantar firamare, ya yi sha'awar saxophone a farkon haduwarsa da kayan aiki. Bayan ya shiga makarantar sakandare a Kyoto, ya shiga ƙungiyar tagulla ta makarantar kuma ya huta daga karate. Lokaci ne wanda ya haɓaka sha'awarsa na yin rajista a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tokyo tare da burin zama ƙwararren saxophonist. Don ci gaba da bin mafarkinsa ya tafi Meisei Gakuin, wata babbar makarantar sakandare mai zaman kanta a Okayama wacce ke da ƙungiyar tagulla mai daraja da kuma hanya ta musamman don zuwa ƙwararru.[2] Ya zauna a cikin ɗakin kwana na makaranta a Okayama a duk lokacin makarantar sakandare. Tare da ƙungiyar tagulla ta Meisei Gakuin, ya lashe lambobin azurfa da tagulla a Gasar All-Japan Band a cikin 2016 da 2017.[3] Ya fara la'akari da shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo bayan ya kasa jarrabawarsa ta shiga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tokyo ba zato ba tsammani.[4] Daga ƙarshe ya sa mafarkinsa na sana'a na saxophonist ya huta. == Ayyuka == A lokacin nuna fim din ɗan'uwansa mai suna Over Drive a cikin 2018, ta hanyar mahaifinsa ya saba da jami'an masana'antar nishaɗi ciki har da kamfanin samar da ROBOT wanda ya ba shi damar fitowa a fim din matasa wanda daga baya ya zama farkon allo na azurfa, Little Love Song . Ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Tokyo Girls Collection (TGC) Kitakyushu 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=新田真剣佑の弟・眞栄田郷敦（まえだごうどん）「TGC北九州」出演決定 |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1792372 |access-date=September 12, 2021 |website=mdpr.jp |publisher=modelpress}}</ref> Don sunansa na mataki, ya canza rubutun kanji na sunansa na karshe daga 前田 zuwa 眞栄田 saboda yana so ya haɗa da halin "真" a ciki, kamar sunayen mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=父・千葉真一、兄・新田真剣佑への尊敬の念――眞栄田郷敦、銀幕デビューの地・沖縄で"芸道"を突き進む |url=https://eiga.com/news/20190326/14/ |access-date=September 19, 2021 |website=eiga.com |publisher=映画.com}}</ref> Ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko ta hanyar nuna dan wasan guitar na ɗalibai Shinji Fukumura a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa Little Love Song, wanda aka saki a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 2019. Kafin yin fim din a Okinawa, 'yan wasan sun yi amfani da kayan aikin su na watanni shida. Maeda ta shiga cikin sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da ke inganta fim din ciki har da yin wasan kwaikwayo a shirye-shiryen kiɗa na talabijin Music Station da Love Music a matsayin ''Chiisana Koi no Uta Band'' .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Love Music |url=https://www.fujitv.co.jp/lovemusic/backnumber/201905.html |access-date=September 25, 2021 |website=fujitv.co.jp |publisher=Fuji TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=佐野勇斗ら"小さな恋のうたバンド"がMステ出演、MONGOL800とセッション |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/332799 |access-date=September 25, 2021 |website=natalie.mu |publisher=natalie |archive-date=September 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925140843/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/332799 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Yulin 2019, ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin mai taken wasanni No Side Manager a matsayin Keita Nanao, tsohon dan wasan rugby wanda ya dawo daga New Zealand. Ya sami rawar wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar matakai uku na sauraro. Ya sami kilo 15 a cikin watanni 3 don shirya don sauraron don jikinsa ya iya kwaikwayon na dan wasan rugby.<ref>{{Cite web |title=新進俳優・眞栄田郷敦が語る、『ノーサイド・ゲーム』挑戦の裏側　「最終的には23kg」 |url=https://realsound.jp/movie/2019/09/post-406169.html |access-date=September 25, 2021 |website=realsound.jp |publisher=Real Sound}}</ref>&nbsp; A watan Janairun 2022, an ba da sanarwar cewa Maeda zai yi wasan kwaikwayo na farko na tashar jama'a a cikin sauya ''Kanakana'' a matsayin tsohon mai laifi Masanao Higurashi. A lokacin rani na 2022, Maeda ya kasance a cikin fim mai ban tsoro wanda ya danganci sanannen littafin yanar gizo <nowiki><i id="mwag">Karada Sagashi</i></nowiki>, tare da Kanna Hashimoto wanda ya yi aiki tare da shi a baya a fim din 2019 Come Kiss Me a 0:00 AM . A watan Yulin 2022 an ruwaito cewa Maeda zai bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Fuji TV ''Elpis'' a matsayin matashi darektan, Takuro Kishimoto . A farkon 2023, Maeda ta nuna Takeda Katsuyori a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na NHK Taiga Menene Za ku Yi, Ieyasu? Wannan shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ''Taiga''. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2023 ta hanyar shafin kulob din magoya bayansa, Maeda ya sanar da cewa ya auri budurwarsa da ba sananne ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=新田真剣佑と眞栄田郷敦が兄弟W結婚　お相手は一般女性、故・千葉真一さんの誕生日に同時発表 |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20230122_1834317.html?DETAIL |access-date=January 22, 2023 |website=news-postseven |publisher=News Postseven}}</ref> A watan Yulin wannan shekarar, hukumar sa ta sanar da cewa matar Maeda ta haifi ɗansu na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-02 |title=眞栄田郷敦に第１子誕生 「ＮＥＷＳポストセブン」が報じる |trans-title=Gordon Maeda's wife gives birth to his first child, reports NEWS Post Seven |url=https://www.sanspo.com/article/20230803-T6GXYO5D6RMN7H3XAUIO5VAO64/?outputType=amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803223924/https://www.sanspo.com/article/20230803-T6GXYO5D6RMN7H3XAUIO5VAO64/?outputType=amp |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=サンスポ |language=ja}}</ref> Koyaya, a cikin shekara mai zuwa, a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 2024, an ba da rahoton cewa Maeda da matarsa sun sake aure bayan kasa da shekaru biyu na aure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=兄とのW結婚から2年と経たず》眞栄田郷敦がスピード離婚！役者への強い思いからくる“ストイックさ”が原因か |trans-title=Less than two years after his double marriage to his brother, Gordon Maeda has a quick divorce! Could his strong desire to be an actor be to blame? |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20241002_1994641.html?DETAIL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009100143/https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20241002_1994641.html?DETAIL |archive-date=October 9, 2024 |access-date=November 30, 2024 |website=news-postseven |publisher=News Postseven}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin === {| class="wikitable plainrowheader" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" |Bayani ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |2019 |''Babu Manajan gefe'' |Keita Nanao | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ノーサイド・ゲームの出演者・キャスト一覧 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0000953863/cast/ |access-date=May 20, 2024 |website=The Television |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''Zan iya saduwa da ku sau uku'' |Seishiro Michibayashi |Fim din talabijin | |- |''Mai kula da Gidan Nagisa-san'' |Haruto Segawa | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=私の家政夫ナギサさんの出演者・キャスト一覧 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0000977275/cast/ |access-date=May 21, 2024 |website=The Television |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |2021 |''Kyojo na II'' |Takashi Inabe |Ministoci | |- |''Tare da Kai Wanda Ya So Ya Zama Tauraro'' |Shusei Washigami |Matsayin jagora, fim din talabijin | |- |''Mai zane-zane na Romance'' |Togo Nikaido | | |- |''Alkawarin Cinderella'' |Issei Kataoka | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 25, 2021 |script-title=ja:『プロミス・シンデレラ』キャスト・出演者一覧【2021年7月期放送】 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/special/56662/ |access-date=July 12, 2021 |website=[[Oricon]] |publisher=Oricon Inc. |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Kinnikuman: Labarin da ya ɓace'' |kansa |Matsayin jagora, Takaddun shaida |<ref>{{Cite web |title=綾野剛がロビンマスク！「キン肉マン THE LOST LEGEND」で眞栄田郷敦＆玉城ティナと共闘 |url=https://eiga.com/news/20210812/14/ |access-date=August 12, 2021 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Kanakana'' |Masanao Higurashi |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=眞栄田郷敦さん主演 連続ドラマ『カナカナ』制作開始！ |url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/dramatopics-blog/20000/459690.html?cid=dchk-tw-dramas-220121-1615 |access-date=January 21, 2022 |website=nhk.or.jp |language=ja }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |''Elpis'' |Takurō Kishimoto | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=長澤まさみ、4年半ぶり連ドラ主演『エルピス』で眞栄田郷敦＆鈴木亮平と共演 脚本・渡辺あや×監督・大根仁の社会派エンタメ作 |url=https://www.crank-in.net/news/111427/1 |access-date=July 26, 2022 |website=Crank-in! |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2023 |''Me Za ku yi, Ieyasu?'' |Takeda Katsuyori |Wasan kwaikwayo na <nowiki><i id="mw8A">Taiga</i></nowiki> |<ref>{{Cite web |title=眞栄田郷敦:大河ドラマ初出演「時代物の撮影自体初めて」 「どうする家康」で武田勝頼役 |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20230106dog00m200012000c.html |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=Mantan-web}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Kwanaki 366'' |Haruto Mizuno | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=眞栄田郷敦、月9ドラマ初出演 初共演の広瀬アリスと12年越しに結ばれる恋人を熱演 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2316280/full |access-date=February 29, 2024 |website=Oricon |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Golden Kamuy: Binciken Fursunoni a Hokkaido'' |Hyakunosuke Ogata | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=『ゴールデンカムイ』映画の続きをドラマで描く「北海道刺青囚人争奪編」WOWOWで今秋放送・配信決定 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2316611/full/ |access-date=March 4, 2024 |website=Oricon |language=ja}}</ref> |- |} === Wasan kwaikwayo na yanar gizo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheader" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" |Bayani |- |2020 |''Haruto-kun na da ke ƙarƙashinsa'' |Haruto Segawa |Matsayin jagora, wanda ya fito daga mai kula da gidan na Nagisa-san''Mai kula da Gidan Nagisa-san'' |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |''Tare da Kai Wanda Ya So Ya zama Tauraro -wani labari-'' |Shusei Washigami |Matsayin jagora, sake ba da labari na ''Tare da Kai Wanda Ya So Ya Zama Tauraro'' |- |''Renai Kakutoka'' |Togo Nikaido |Matsayin jagora, spin-off na The Romance Manga Artist''Mai zane-zane na Romance'' |- |''Cinderella Complex'' |Issei Kataoka |Matsayin baƙo (babban abu na 5), ƙaddamar da Promise Cinderella''Alkawarin Cinderella'' |- |} === Fim din wasan kwaikwayo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheader" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" |Bayani ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ƙananan Waƙar Ƙauna'' |Shinji Fukumura | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=小さな恋のうた |url=https://eiga.com/movie/89219/ |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Ka zo ka sumbace ni da karfe 0:00 na safe'' |Akira Hamabe | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live-Action Kiss Me at the Stroke of Midnight Film's Trailer Previews Theme Song |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-10-03/live-action-kiss-me-at-the-stroke-of-midnight-film-trailer-previews-theme-song/.151811 |website=Anime News Network}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2021 |''Yi tsalle!! Jarumai da ke Bayan Zinariya'' |Takashi Minamikawa | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ヒノマルソウル 舞台裏の英雄たち |url=https://eiga.com/movie/92237/ |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Masu fansa na Tokyo'' |Takashi Mitsuya | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live-Action Tokyo Revengers Film Casts Gordon Maeda, Hiroya Shimizu |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-09-17/live-action-tokyo-revengers-film-casts-gordon-maeda-hiroya-shimizu/.164109 |website=Anime News Network}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Maimaitawa / memba'' |Takahiro Ise | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=カラダ探し |url=https://eiga.com/movie/95577/ |access-date=June 24, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Haske a Bayan'' |Hikari |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lightning Over the Beyond |url=https://2022.tiff-jp.net/en/lineup/film/3505NCN03 |access-date=September 26, 2022 |website=Tokyo International Film Festival |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926072230/https://2022.tiff-jp.net/en/lineup/film/3505NCN03 |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |''Tokyo Revengers 2: Bloody Halloween Sashe na 1'' |Takashi Mitsuya | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=東京リベンジャーズ2 血のハロウィン編 運命 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/97642/ |access-date=November 30, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Tokyo Revengers 2: Bloody Halloween Sashe na 2'' |Takashi Mitsuya | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=東京リベンジャーズ2 血のハロウィン編 決戦 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/98352/ |access-date=November 30, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Golden Kamuy'' |Hyakunosuke Ogata | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=山崎賢人、実写「ゴールデンカムイ」に主演！ アシリパは山田杏奈、尾形は眞栄田郷敦【映像あり】 |url=https://eiga.com/news/20230830/1/ |access-date=August 30, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Lokacin Blue'' |Yatora Yaguchi |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ブルーピリオド |url=https://eiga.com/movie/101531/ |access-date=April 2, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |2025 |''Baban Baban Ban Vampire'' |Mori Nagayoshi | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=映画『ババンババンバンバンパイア』眞栄田郷敦・満島真之介・関口メンディーの出演発表【コメントあり】 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2353564/full/ |access-date=11 November 2024 |website=Oricon |language=ja}}</ref> |- |TBA |''Golden Kamuy: Fim din 2'' |Hyakunosuke Ogata | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ゴールデンカムイ 劇場版2(仮題) |url=https://eiga.com/movie/103034/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qvobhmnswiqzucaxi4xyecvvhmikk2d 0 96088 975526 812983 2026-11-03T11:40:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ databox}} [[Fayil:Say_no_to_Burqas_mural_in_Newtown,_New_South_Wales.jpg|thumb|"Ka ce a'a ga burqas" mural a Newtown, New South Wales.]] A Ostiraliya, akwai muhawara mai gudana game da yiwuwar haramta sanya burqa da niqab, nau'ikan tufafi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ga matan Islama. A halin yanzu akwai kasashe 14 da suka haramta burqa da niqab, gami da [[Austriya|Austria]], Faransa, Belgium, [[Denmark]], Switzerland, Netherlands, Latvia, [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]], Kamaru, Chadi, Kongo, Gabon, China da Morocco.[1][2][3] == Tarihi == Bayan Rikicin garkuwa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow a shekara ta 2002, ɗan siyasan Australiya Fred Nile ya tambayi ko ministan 'yan sanda na jihar na lokacin zai yi la'akari da haramta rufe jiki kamar waɗanda' yan ta'adda na Chechen suka sa daga majalisa da wuraren taruwa na jama'a don hana jigilar makamai ko na'urorin fashewa. A ranar 23 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2010, Nilu ta gabatar da lissafi a cikin Majalisar Dokoki don yin la'akari da sanya wa jama'a duk wani rufe fuska wanda ke hana gano mai sa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary Offences Amendment (Full-face Coverings Prohibition) Bill 2010 |url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/nswbills.nsf/0/1b106ecb7420c2a8ca2576d50003dfa6/$FILE/b2006-609-d07-House.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023080919/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/nswbills.nsf/0/1b106ecb7420c2a8ca2576d50003dfa6/%24FILE/b2006-609-d07-House.pdf |archive-date=23 October 2012 |access-date=13 July 2010 |publisher=New South Wales Parliament}}</ref> gami da burqa da niqab. Ya sake sanya lissafin da zai hana burqa da niqab.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile moves to ban burqa in NSW |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/christian-democrat-rev-fred-nile-again-moves-to-ban-burqa-in-nsw/news-story/039e1892693f0fe44c9af2b8ed35ab72 |url-access=subscription |website=The Australian}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Veiszadeh |first=Ehssan |date=11 September 2014 |title=Fred Nile move to ban burqa 'anti-Islamic' |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/fred-nile-move-to-ban-burqa-anti-islamic-20140911-3favq.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, Sanata Cory Bernardi ya rubuta wani ra'ayi yana kira ga haramta sanya burqa a bainar jama'a. A watan Satumbar 2014, Sanata Jacqui Lambie ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen gabatar da lissafin memba mai zaman kansa da nufin haramta burqa a Ostiraliya. A watan Fabrairun 2017, ta gabatar da lissafin memba mai zaman kansa wanda zai gyara Dokar Dokar Laifuka ta 1995 don sanya shi ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a sanya cikakken rufe fuska a wuraren jama'a lokacin da sanarwar barazanar ta'addanci ta fara aiki, sai dai idan ya zama dole don wasu dalilai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-08 |title=Criminal Code Amendment (Prohibition of Full Face Coverings in Public Places) Bill 2017 |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22legislation%2Fbillhome%2Fs1054%22 |publisher=Parliament of Australia}}</ref> == Tattaunawar == Babban gardama ga haramcin burqa shine tsaro, musamman a yankunan gwamnati kamar House of Parliament. An ba da shawarar cewa maimakon haramtacciyar bargo, ana buƙatar mutanen da ke sanye da rufe fuska su nuna fuskarsu don 'tsaro da dalilai na ganewa' a cikin waɗannan wurare kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Natasha |first=Bita |date=9 September 2017 |title=Should Australia ban the burqa? |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/should-australia-ban-the-burqa/news-story/237c1c058951a0e1e42d8941b9565a48 |access-date=10 March 2024 |website=Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Wadanda ke goyon bayan haramcin sun yi jayayya cewa maza suna tilasta wa matan Islama su sa rigar; duk da haka, Islama ba ta buƙatar mata su rufe fuskokinsu. Wasu matan Musulunci sun ce suna jin 'tsirara' suna fita ba tare da sanya burka ba, kuma cewa haramtacciyar za ta 'tilasta' su zauna a gida. An soki haramcin saboda ya saba wa Sashe na 116 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya hana gwamnatin tarayya yin duk wata doka 'ta haramta yin addini kyauta'. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chapter V. The States. |url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/Constitution/chapter5 |access-date=10 March 2024 |website=www.aph.gov.au |publisher=Parliament of Australia |language=en-AU |archive-date=18 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518093239/https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/Constitution/chapter5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tilasta aiki a matakin jiha == A watan Satumbar 2011, jihar da ta fi yawan jama'a a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], New South Wales, ta zartar da Dokar Kwaskwarimar Shari'a ta 2011 da ke buƙatar mutum ya cire rufe fuska idan jami'in jihar ya tambaye shi. Ana kallon dokar a matsayin martani ga shari'ar kotu a shekara ta 2011 inda aka yanke wa wata mace a Sydney hukunci kan zargin ƙarya cewa wani dan sanda na zirga-zirga ya yi ƙoƙarin cire ''niqab'' dinta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McGuir |first=Rod |date=3 March 2012 |title=Australia Muslim Veil Law Requires Women To Remove Face-Covering Niqab In New South Wales |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/05/australia-veil-law-burqa-ban_n_1320811.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306211647/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/05/australia-veil-law-burqa-ban_n_1320811.html |archive-date=6 March 2012 |website=Huffington Post |access-date=14 March 2025 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Matsayi na siyasa == 'Yan siyasa irin su Cory Bernardi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2018 |title=Should Australia ban the burqa? |url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/national/should-australia-ban-the-burqa/video/28fdaaf8c2c978b07a27c613fa33d1ad |access-date=10 March 2024 |website=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]]}}</ref> George Christensen, Jacqui Lambie, Mark Latham, Pauline Hanson da Tony Abbott <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grattan |first=Michelle |date=September 6, 2017 |title=Tony Abbott: Consider burqa ban in places 'dedicated to Australian values' |url=https://theconversation.com/tony-abbott-consider-burqa-ban-in-places-dedicated-to-australian-values-83590 |access-date=10 March 2024 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]}}</ref> sun yi kira a bayyane don hana burqa, ko dai a wuraren jama'a ko a duk saitunan (dangane da mutum). Jam'iyyun siyasa da yawa sun goyi bayan haramtacciyar burqa, gami da Australian Conservatives da One Nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2018 |title=Cory Bernardi renews his push for a burqa ban |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/cory-bernardi-renews-his-push-for-a-burqa-ban/yva03mkes |access-date=10 March 2024 |website=SBS}}</ref> == Ra'ayin jama'a == A 2017 poll of 2,832 Australian residents conducted by [[Sky News Australia]] and [[ReachTEL]] found that more than half of respondents either supported or strongly supported banning the burqa in public spaces.<ref name=survey>{{cite web |url=https://powr.s3.amazonaws.com/app_images%2Fresizable%2F8fb90f02-cdc2-4dcd-9d81-7d87d3a9487c%2FSkyNewsReachel24August2017.pdf |title=ReachTEL Survey |date=23 August 2017 |page=6}}</ref> {{Pie chart}} == Dubi kuma == * Musulunci a Ostiraliya * Mata a cikin Islama == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} tugdabo0blwdof7p5g9ij76n49zz68x 0 96554 975173 609329 2026-11-02T14:36:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ellie Levenson (an haife shi a watan Yuli 1978) ɗan jarida ne mai zaman kansa kuma marubuci a cikin Burtaniya. Ta rubuta wa The Guardian [1] da New Stateman a tsakanin wasu kuma shi ne ɗan jarida na lokaci-lokaci don The Independent, rubuta ra'ayi da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi al'amuran zamantakewa da ka'idar al'adu. [2] Ta kuma ba da lacca na ɗan lokaci a aikin jarida a Kwalejin Goldsmiths, Jami'ar London, [3] da kuma kan Shirin London na Jami'ar Syracuse . [4] == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Levenson a gabashin London kuma ya girma a Walthamstow . Bayahudiya ce. [1] Ta yi karatun digirinta na farko a fannin Turanci da adabi a Jami’ar Manchester har zuwa 1999, inda ta yi rubuce-rubuce ga takardar dalibai, sannan ta yi difloma a fannin aikin jarida a Jami’ar City a 2001. [2] A baya ta kasance yar wasan barkwanci. [3] == Aiki == Ta kasance mai ba da rahoto a ''Lauyan'' na tsawon watanni hudu a cikin 2002, <ref name="changing">{{Cite web |last=Woods |first=Jane C |date=20 July 2009 |title=Ellie Levenson, A Noughtie Feminist! |url=http://www.changingpeople.co.uk/2009/ellie-levenson-a-noughties-feminist/ |access-date=11 May 2010 |website=Changing People}}</ref> sannan ta zama marubucin tafiya don ''The Guardian'' tsawon watanni hudu bayan ta lashe gasar Netjetter. <ref name="quits" /> <ref name="moderngov">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Ellie Levenson – Communications Specialist |url=http://www.moderngov.info/speakers/2008/ellie-levenson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125101557/http://www.moderngov.info/speakers/2008/ellie-levenson |archive-date=25 November 2009 |access-date=11 May 2010 |website=ModernGov}}</ref> Ta harzuka wasu a New Zealand ta hanyar kiran kasar "da gaske wuri mafi duhu a duniya." Bayan dawowarta Birtaniya ta zama editan ''Fabian Review'' na Fabian Society, inda ta kuma gyara ''Fabian Thinkers: shekaru 120 na tunani na ci gaba'' . Ita ce zaɓaɓɓen mamba na zartarwar Fabian Society. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellie Levenson |url=http://www.fabians.org.uk/executive-committee-mainmenu-64/executive-committee/ellie-levenson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013183811/http://www.fabians.org.uk/executive-committee-mainmenu-64/executive-committee/ellie-levenson |archive-date=13 October 2010 |access-date=11 May 2010 |website=Executive Committee |publisher=Fabian Society}}</ref> Ta shiga kungiyar agaji ta [[End Child Poverty]] a matsayin jami'in yada labarai da sadarwa a watan Mayu 2004, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida mai zaman kansa kuma malami tun Janairu 2005. <ref name="changing"/> <ref name="moderngov"/> Ta yi kamfen don samar da mafi kyawun maganin safiya . == Rubutu == Littafinta kan mata, ''[[The Noughtie Girl's Guide to Feminism]]'' an buga ta Oneworld Publications a Yuli 2009. Sarah Vine ta ''jaridar The Times'' ta bayyana ta a matsayin "kyakkyawan misali na matasa masu ra'ayin mata, matan da ba su da kan gaba amma har yanzu suna ba da gudummawa ga muhawara." Mary Fitzgerald na Mujallar ''Prospect'' ta yi jayayya cewa "ko kuna tunanin cewa gardama ta kasance mai lalata-ƙasa da mata-littafi (kamar yadda na yi a wurare), wannan littafin ya kasance mai mahimmanci." Molly Guinness rubuce-rubuce a cikin ''The Spectator'' ya koka da cewa "littafin yana nufin mutanen da ba su yi tunani game da mata ba; amma Levenson ba ya ƙoƙari ya haifar da ƙwararrun mata masu basira tare da kyakkyawar hangen nesa. ". Littafinta na biyu, ''[[50 Campaigns to Shout About]]'' An buga ta Oneworld Publications a watan Mayu 2011. A watan Yuni 2015 littafinta na aikin jarida, ''[[Creativity and Feature Writing: How to get hundreds of new ideas every day|Ƙirƙira da Rubutun Fasa: Yadda ake samun ɗaruruwan sabbin dabaru kowace rana]]'' Routledge ne ya buga ta. Levenson shine wanda ya kafa kuma mai mallakar [https://web.archive.org/web/20250318213740/http://fishertonpress.co.uk/ Fisherton Press], mawallafin littafin yara mai zaman kansa wanda ke buga littattafan hoto don yara ƙanana, Fisherton Press yana buga littattafan Levenson da sauran marubuta. Ta rubuta wa yara a ƙarƙashin sunan Eleanor Levenson kuma ta rubuta littafi don yaran makarantun gaba da sakandare, ''[[What I Think About When I Think About ... Swimming|Abin da Na Yi Tunanin Lokacin da Na Yi Tunanin ...]]'' ''[[What I Think About When I Think About ... Swimming|Littattafan]]'' [http://www.troikabooks.com Troika] ne suka buga iyo a watan Mayu 2014 kuma Katie O'Hagan ta kwatanta. Ta fito a Sa'ar Maza da Mata a Rediyo 4. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2010 |title=Moral Maze |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00qpqj8 |access-date=11 May 2010 |website=BBC Radio 4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2009 |title=Rape Jokes |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/04/2009_36_thu.shtml |access-date=11 May 2010 |website=Woman's Hour |publisher=BBC Radio 4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2009 |title=Women in the Noughties |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/01/2009_50_wed.shtml |access-date=11 May 2010 |website=Woman's Hour |publisher=BBC Radio 4}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Tana zaune a Landan kuma tana da aure da ‘ya’ya uku. <ref name="changing"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.ellielevenson.co.uk ellielevenson.co.uk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212201306/http://ellielevenson.co.uk/ |date=2009-02-12 }} * [http://journalisted.com/ellie-levenson Shigar jarida] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b4td8zp1tit7zffq5xp4vv5odvs6lbp 0 97058 975468 956924 2026-11-03T06:00:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:The_High_Commissioner_Designate_of_the_Republic_of_Uganda,_Ms._Dinah_Grace_Akello_presenting_her_credentials_to_the_President,_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind,_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan,_in_New_Delhi_on_December_22,_2017.jpg|thumb| Babbar kwamishina ta Jamhuriyar Uganda, Ms. Dinah Grace Akello tana gabatar da takardun shaidarta ga shugaban kasa, Shri Ram Nath Kovind, a Rashtrapati Bhavan, a New Delhi a ranar 22 ga Disamba,2017.]] [[Fayil:Grace-Akello.jpg|thumb| Grace Akello banda tutar Uganda]] '''Grace Akello''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1950) mawaƙiya ce 'yar [[Uganda|ƙasar Uganda]], mai rubuta waka, marubuciya, kuma 'yar siyasa.<ref name=WWCWW>{{cite book | author1-last=Umeh | author1-first=Marie | editor1-last=Miller | editor1-first=Jane Eldridge |chapter=Akello, Grace| title=Who's Who in Contemporary Women's Writing | url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoincontemp0000unse_b9y4 | date=2001 | publisher=Routledge | isbn=0415159806 | edition=1st | pages=[https://archive.org/details/whoswhoincontemp0000unse_b9y4/page/6 6]–7 | =https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-TMhtk5AUYC}}</ref> Ita ce Jakadiyar Uganda a [[Indiya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1468071/grace-akello-uganda-ambassador-india |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406192558/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1468071/grace-akello-uganda-ambassador-india |archive-date=2019-04-06 |access-date=2018-08-23}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambassador Grace Akello |url=https://newdelhi.mofa.go.ug/data-smenu-55-Ambassador-Grace-Akello.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406191057/https://newdelhi.mofa.go.ug/data-smenu-55-Ambassador-Grace-Akello.html |archive-date=6 April 2019 |access-date=23 August 2018}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwar ta. == Dinah Grace Akello ita ce Iteso, kuma an haife ta a kusa da Soroti, a yankin Gabas na Kariyar Uganda. Ta karanta Social Administration and Social Work a [[Jami'ar Makerere|Makerere University]] a [[Kampala]]. A shekarar cikin 1979, ta zauna a [[Tanzaniya]] bayan ta gudu daga gwamnatin [[Idi Amin]] a matsayin 'yar gudun hijira.<ref>{{cite web | title=2020 Africa Conference - Assuring Food and Nutrition Security in Africa by 2020 | url=http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/advisory/bios.asp#akello | website=conferences.ifpri.org | accessdate=19 November 2016}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ta yi aiki a matsayin editan mujallu a [[Kenya]] da Tanzaniya kafin ta tafi Ingila a cikin shekarar 1980s don zama mataimakiyar editan Sakatariyar Commonwealth. Akello ta riƙe muƙamin daga shekarun 1983 zuwa 1990.<ref>{{cite web | title=2020 Africa Conference - Assuring Food and Nutrition Security in Africa by 2020 | url=http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/advisory/bios.asp#akello | website=conferences.ifpri.org | accessdate=19 November 2016}}</ref> == Siyasa == A cikin shekarar 1990, Grace Akello ta koma Uganda ta kafa kwamitin da zai taimaka wajen magance matsalar kaura da kashe mutanen Teso a lokacin shugabancin Amin. Wannan hukumar ta ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 1996.<ref>{{cite web | title=2020 Africa Conference - Assuring Food and Nutrition Security in Africa by 2020 | url=http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/advisory/bios.asp#akello | website=conferences.ifpri.org | accessdate=19 November 2016}}</ref> A shekarar 1996, ta zama memba na Majalisar Dokokin Uganda, kuma a shekarar 1999 an naɗa ta minista mai kula da jinsi, aiki da ci gaban zamantakewa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Africa Conference - Assuring Food and Nutrition Security in Africa by 2020 |url=http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/advisory/bios.asp#akello |access-date=19 November 2016 |website=conferences.ifpri.org}}</ref> Daga shekarun 1999 zuwa 2006, ta kasance memba a majalisar ministocin Uganda. Ta riƙe muƙamin ministar harkokin kuɗi na ƙananan kuɗaɗe daga shekarar 1999 zuwa 2003, da kuma ministar arewacin Uganda daga shekarun 2003 har ta rasa kujerarta a shekarar 2006. Grace Akello ta ci gaba da zama jakadiyar Uganda a Italiya, wacce ke zaune a Rome kuma kwanan nan ta zama jakadiyar Uganda a [[New Delhi]], Indiya, tare da ba da tallafin jakada a duk yankin Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambassador Grace Akello |url=https://newdelhi.mofa.go.ug/data-smenu-55-Ambassador-Grace-Akello.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406191057/https://newdelhi.mofa.go.ug/data-smenu-55-Ambassador-Grace-Akello.html |archive-date=6 April 2019 |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=newdelhi.mofa.go.ug}}</ref> == Adabi == A cikin shekarar 1992, waƙarta mai suna "Gamuwa" daga tarin ''waƙarta ta Bakarare'' ta kasance cikin ''ƴan matan Afirka na'' [[Margaret Busby]], zaɓi na ayyuka daga marubuta mata a Afirka.<ref>"Encounter", in {{cite book | editor1-last=Busby | editor1-first=Margaret | title=Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Words and Writings by Women of African Descent from the Ancient Egyptian to the Present | url=https://archive.org/details/daughtersofafric0000unse_w7i5 | date=1992 | publisher=Jonathan Cape|isbn=9780224035927 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/daughtersofafric0000unse_w7i5/page/638 638]–39 | edition=1st}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Tsarin Tunanin Iteso a cikin Tatsuniyoyi'', 1975<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iteso Thought Patterns in Tales |url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/45806506-iteso-thought-patterns-in-tales |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=Goodreads |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Akello |first=Grace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8pwKAQAAIAAJ |title=Iteso thought patterns in tales |date=1981 |publisher=Dar es Salaam University Press |location=Dar es Salaam [Tanzania |isbn=9789976600032 |language=English |oclc=608844846}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Akello |first=Grace |url=https://franklin.library.upenn.edu/catalog/FRANKLIN_9918382443503681 |title=Iteso thought patterns in tales |date=1981 |publisher=Dar es Salaam University Press |isbn=978-9976-60-003-2 |location=Dar es Salaam |access-date=2025-03-21 |archive-date=2024-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720215108/https://franklin.library.upenn.edu/catalog/FRANKLIN_9918382443503681 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9789976600032: Iteso thought patterns in tales - AbeBooks - Akello, Grace: 9976600038 |url=https://www.abebooks.com/9789976600032/Iteso-thought-patterns-tales-Akello-9976600038/plp |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=www.abebooks.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iteso Thought Patterns in Tales |url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/45806506-iteso-thought-patterns-in-tales |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=Goodreads |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=9789976600032: Iteso thought patterns in tales - AbeBooks - Akello, Grace: 9976600038 |url=https://www.abebooks.com/9789976600032/Iteso-thought-patterns-tales-Akello-9976600038/plp |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=www.abebooks.com |language=en}}</ref> * ''Wakar My Barren''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzaniya: Gabashin Afirka Publications, 1979<ref>{{Cite book |last=Akello |first=Grace |url=https://www.amazon.com/My-barren-song-Grace-Akello/dp/B0000EDS8H |title=My barren song |date=1979-01-01 |publisher=Eastern Africa Publications}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Akello |first=Grace |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7547266 |title=My barren song |date=1979 |publisher=Eastern Africa Publications |location=Arusha; Dar es Salaam |language=English |oclc=7547266}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Akello |first=Grace |title=My Barren Song |url=https://discovered.ed.ac.uk/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=44UOE_INST:44UOE_VU2&tab=Everything&docid=alma9916478433502466&query=sub,exact,Highlands%20(Scotland)%20--%20Economic%20conditions&context=L&lang=en |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=discovered.ed.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Akello |first=Grace |title=My Barren Song |url=https://discovered.ed.ac.uk/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=44UOE_INST:44UOE_VU2&tab=Everything&docid=alma9916478433502466&query=sub,exact,Highlands%20(Scotland)%20--%20Economic%20conditions&context=L&lang=en |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=discovered.ed.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> * ''Cire Kai Sau Biyu: Matar Uganda'', London: Canja Rahotanni na Duniya, 1982<ref>{{Cite book |last=Akello |first=Grace |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19271811 |title=Self twice-removed : Ugandan woman |date=1982 |publisher=CHANGE |isbn=0-907236-08-1 |location=London, England |oclc=19271811}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Akello |first=Grace |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2177456 |title=Self twice-removed: Ugandan woman |date=1982 |publisher=CHANGE |isbn=978-0-907236-08-5 |series=CHANGE international reports : women and society |location=London, England}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Grace Akello ta auri mijinta, Hugh Mason, a cikin shekarar 1983. Suna da 'ya'ya maza huɗu kuma suna da gida a Uganda kusa da Kampala.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Akello |first=Grace |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19271811 |title=Self twice-removed : Ugandan woman |date=1982 |publisher=CHANGE |isbn=0-907236-08-1 |location=London, England |oclc=19271811}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Akello |first=Grace |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2177456 |title=Self twice-removed: Ugandan woman |date=1982 |publisher=CHANGE |isbn=978-0-907236-08-5 |series=CHANGE international reports : women and society |location=London, England}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] chnzb62bvz0n3rhuo67mqpefapppc0z 0 97307 975282 742281 2026-11-02T17:57:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Fatma_El_Mehdi.jpg|thumb|Mehdi a cikin 2016]] '''Fatma El Mehdi''' (kuma '''Fatma Mehdi Hassan) ''' 'yar gwagwarmayar [[Yammacin Sahara]] ce. A halin yanzu ita ce babban sakatare na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Sahrawi . El Mehdi ita ce kuma mace ta farko ta Yammacin Sahara da ta halarci taron [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] don kare hakkin mata. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Mata da Daidaitawa a Majalisar Al'adu, Jama'a da Afirka (ECOSOCC). El Mehdi ya zauna a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na [[Aljeriya]] kusan shekaru arba'in.<ref name=":0" /> == Tarihi == Fatma El Mehdi ta girma ne a cikin rikice-rikicen da ke gudana na Yammacin Sahara tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Larabawa ta Sahrawi / Policial Front da Masarautar Morocco . A lokacin rikici, matan Saharawi sun kafa kuma sun gudanar da hanyar sadarwa ta kasa wacce ke da alaƙa da ma'aikatu na gudanarwa, cibiyoyin ilimi, ƙungiyoyin farar hula, da majalisun gida waɗanda suka sake tsara tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yammacin Sahara bayan juyin juya halin ƙasarsu.<ref>[https://pcp.gc.cuny.edu/events/this-friday-march-9-the-struggle-of-sahrawi-women-for-freedom/ "The Struggle of Sahrawi Women for Freedom: Fatma El-Mehdi"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208031050/https://pcp.gc.cuny.edu/events/this-friday-march-9-the-struggle-of-sahrawi-women-for-freedom/ |date=2021-02-08 }}2012-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-24</ref> An haife ta ne a Smara, lardin Es Semara, Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra, Yammacin Sahara, baya Morocco a shekarar 1969. == Yaronta == Lokacin da Fatma El Mehdi ke da shekaru bakwai, a 1975, an kwashe ta daga [[Laayoune|El Aaiún]], ta tsere a cikin bama-bamai da napalm.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unknown |date=2012-03-28 |title=Notes from Western Sahara: An Interview with Fatma El-Mehdi |url=http://mulay-smara.blogspot.com/2012/03/notes-from-western-sahara-interview.html |access-date=2020-03-07 |website=Africa's last colony -Western Sahara}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-06 |title=The Struggle of Sahrawi Women for Freedom: Fatma El-Mehdi |url=https://pcp.gc.cuny.edu/events/this-friday-march-9-the-struggle-of-sahrawi-women-for-freedom/ |access-date=2020-03-07 |language=en-CAC |archive-date=2021-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208031050/https://pcp.gc.cuny.edu/events/this-friday-march-9-the-struggle-of-sahrawi-women-for-freedom/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta yi tafiya na kwanaki tare da ƙaramin rukuni na maza da mata ba tare da abinci ko ruwa ba har sai da ta zo ɗaya daga cikin sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira na Sahrawi na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-22 |title=Notes from Western Sahara |url=http://www.warscapes.com/conversations/notes-western-sahara |access-date=2020-03-07 |website=Warscapes |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111050104/http://www.warscapes.com/conversations/notes-western-sahara |archive-date=2020-01-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A yau, Fatma El Mehdi ita ce Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Saharawi a New York. Tana nan don raba tarihi, labarin da mafarkai na 'yan uwanta daga [[Yammacin Sahara]]. El Mehdi ita ce kuma mace ta farko ta Yammacin Sahara da ta halarci taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'yancin mata. == Manazarta == # [https://www.thenation.com/article/letter-western-sahara-land-under-occupation/ Kouddous, Sharif Abdel. "Littafi Daga Yammacin Sahara, Ƙasar da ke ƙarƙashin Ma'aikata. " The Nation. 11/4/13.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116035719/https://www.thenation.com/article/letter-western-sahara-land-under-occupation/ |date=2020-01-16 }} An adana shi 2020-01-16 a Wayback MachineArchived2020-01-16 a cikinWayback Machine == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Fatma El Mehdi a Cibiyar CUNY don Zaman Lafiya, Al'adu da Siyasa (bidiyo) * [https://frankelbers.info/2018/10/01/interview-with-fatma-el-mehdi/ Tattaunawa da Fatma El Mehdi: Yammacin Sahara Zaman Lafiya da 'Yancin Mata] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s5k754nq186d310poggdie4pv49kke3 0 97692 975202 605801 2026-11-02T16:27:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Esther Mbulakubuza Mbayo''' (née Esther Mbulakubuza), 'yar [[Ɗan siyasa|siyasar ƙasar]] [[Uganda|Uganda ce]]. Ita ce ministar shugaban ƙasa a majalisar ministocin Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cabinet Secretariat - The Republic of Uganda |url=http://cabinetsecretariat.go.ug/data/staffdetails/28/Hon.%20Mbayo%20Esther%20Mbulakubuza.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514072424/http://cabinetsecretariat.go.ug/data/staffdetails/28/Hon.%20Mbayo%20Esther%20Mbulakubuza.html |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=2021-04-03 |website=cabinetsecretariat.go.ug}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=H.E. Esther Mbayo |url=https://summit.norwegianafrican.no/previous-speakers/esther-mbayo |access-date=2021-04-03 |website=Nordic-African Business Summit |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gulumaire |first=Andrew |title=Luuka Celebrates First Ministerial Appointment |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/luuka-celebrates-first-ministerial-appointment |access-date=2021-04-03 |website=Uganda Radio Network |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministers {{!}} Office Of The President |url=https://www.op.go.ug/state-ministers |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506003940/https://op.go.ug/state-ministers |archive-date=6 May 2021 |access-date=2021-04-03 |website=www.op.go.ug}}</ref> An naɗa ta a wannan matsayi a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni 2016, ta maye gurbin Frank Tumwebaze, wanda aka naɗa shi a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Watsa Labarai da Sadarwa. <ref name="New">{{Cite web |last=Uganda State House |date=6 June 2016 |title=Museveni’s new cabinet list At 6 June 2016 |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%2527s+cabinet.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121926/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%27s+cabinet.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Uganda, a matsayin Wakiliyar Mata na gundumar Luuka. <ref name="Palm">{{Cite web |last=POU |date=26 October 2016 |title=Profile of Esther Mbulakubuza Mbayo |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=152 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321100405/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=152 |archive-date=21 March 2018 |access-date=26 October 2016 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haife ta a gundumar Luuka ta yau, a yankin Busoga, a yankin Gabashin Uganda, a ranar 27 ga watan Afrilu 1971. <ref name="Palm">{{Cite web |last=POU |date=26 October 2016 |title=Profile of Esther Mbulakubuza Mbayo |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=152 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321100405/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=152 |archive-date=21 March 2018 |access-date=26 October 2016 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPOU2016">POU (26 October 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180321100405/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=152 "Profile of Esther Mbulakubuza Mbayo"]. Kampala: [[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU). Archived from [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=152 the original] on 21 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Ta yi karatu a Makarantar ’Yan mata ta Wanyange don karatunta na O-Level da A-Level. Ta halarci [[Jami'ar Makerere]], ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 2005, tare da Bachelor of Commerce, tare da ƙwarewa a lissafin kuɗi. <ref name="Who">{{Cite web |last=Monitor Team |date=8 June 2016 |title=Who are the new faces in Museveni’s Cabinet?: Mbayo Esther, Presidency Minister |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Who-are-the-new-faces-in-Museveni-s-Cabinet-/-/688334/3237208/-/item/0/-/jvu2ejz/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112201844/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Who-are-the-new-faces-in-Museveni-s-Cabinet-/-/688334/3237208/-/item/0/-/jvu2ejz/-/index.html |archive-date=12 January 2017 |access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, tana da takardar shaidar da Cibiyar Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators ta bayar. <ref name="Palm" /> == Aiki == A cikin shekarar 1997, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai binciken cikin gida na Transocean Uganda Limited. Daga watan Nuwamba 1999 zuwa 2002, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar asusu a Lonrho Motors Uganda Limited, dillalan motoci masu zaman kansu a Kampala. Daga watan Janairu 2003 har zuwa Fabrairu 2006, ta yi aiki a matsayin akawunta a Lonrho Motors. Daga nan ta tafi aiki a Commercial Firms Uganda Limited a matsayin akawunta, dag watan a Afrilu 2006 har zuwa watan Agusta 2007. A lokaci guda, daga watan Satumba 2001 har zuwa watan Yuni 2008, ta yi aiki a matsayin akawunta a Socket Works Uganda Limited. Daga watan Fabrairu 2008 har zuwa watan Disamba 2010, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da kuɗi a Cooper Motor Corporation Uganda. An zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar wakilai ta gundumar Luuka a babban zaɓen shekarar 2016, <ref name="Palm"/> <ref name="Who">{{Cite web |last=Monitor Team |date=8 June 2016 |title=Who are the new faces in Museveni’s Cabinet?: Mbayo Esther, Presidency Minister |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Who-are-the-new-faces-in-Museveni-s-Cabinet-/-/688334/3237208/-/item/0/-/jvu2ejz/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112201844/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Who-are-the-new-faces-in-Museveni-s-Cabinet-/-/688334/3237208/-/item/0/-/jvu2ejz/-/index.html |archive-date=12 January 2017 |access-date=10 June 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMonitor_Team2016">Monitor Team (8 June 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170112201844/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Who-are-the-new-faces-in-Museveni-s-Cabinet-/-/688334/3237208/-/item/0/-/jvu2ejz/-/index.html "Who are the new faces in Museveni's Cabinet?: Mbayo Esther, Presidency Minister"]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Who-are-the-new-faces-in-Museveni-s-Cabinet-/-/688334/3237208/-/item/0/-/jvu2ejz/-/index.html the original] on 12 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> ta doke shugaba mai ci [[Evelyn Kaabule]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2016 |title=2015/2016 General Elections Report |url=http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/Report%20on%20the%202015-2016%20General%20Elections.pdf |access-date=22 May 2017 |publisher=Electoral Commission}}</ref> <ref name=":0" /> A baya dai ta doke Kaabule a zaɓen fidda gwani na NRM. A ranar 6 ga watan Yuni 2016, an naɗa ta a matsayin ministar fadar shugaban ƙasa. <ref name="New">{{Cite web |last=Uganda State House |date=6 June 2016 |title=Museveni’s new cabinet list At 6 June 2016 |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%2527s+cabinet.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121926/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%27s+cabinet.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFUganda_State_House2016">Uganda State House (6 June 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121926/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%27s+cabinet.pdf "Museveni's new cabinet list At 6 June 2016"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%2527s+cabinet.pdf the original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121926/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%27s+cabinet.pdf |date=2016-10-07 }} <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nkwanga |first=Andrew |date=7 June 2016 |title=Mbayo Ministerial Appointment Sparks Celebrations in Luuka |url=http://www.chimpreports.com/mbayo-ministerial-appointment-sparks-celebrations-in-luuka/ |access-date=26 October 2016 |publisher=Chimpreports.com}}</ref> A zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da na 'yan majalisar dokokin Uganda na shekarar 2021, Mbayon ta sake lashe wani wa'adin mulki (2021-2026) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Luuka District - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/districts/luuka-94/ |access-date=2021-04-03 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Parliament takes shape |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/new-parliament-takes-shape--3259238 |access-date=2021-04-03 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Sauran ayyuka == A lokaci guda kuma tana aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar mata ta gunduma a jam'iyyar siyasa ta National Resistance Movement mai mulki da kuma sakatariyar ''kungiyar shugabannin mata ta Busoga''. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Esther Mbayo ta auri George William Mbayo kuma ma’auratan suna da ‘ya’ya uku. <ref name="Who"/> A watan Nuwamba 2020, ta rasa ɗanta ɗaya tilo Ian Mawanda wanda ya mutu sakamakon rikice-rikicen zuciya bayan aikin jiki a ɗakin motsa jiki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-29 |title=Condolences to Hon. Mbayo and family upon the loss of Ian |url=https://www.nrmnationalchairman.com/condolences-to-hon-mbayo-and-family-upon-the-loss-of-ian/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129085243/https://www.nrmnationalchairman.com/condolences-to-hon-mbayo-and-family-upon-the-loss-of-ian/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=2021-04-03 |website=NRM Chairman & Head of State Political Office |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-29 |title=Minister Esther Mbayo’s only child dies |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20201129/105181/minister-esther-mbayos-only-child-dies.html |access-date=2021-04-03 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-02 |title=Minister Mbayo: My Son Died of Heart Failure After Numerous Body Workouts |url=https://campusbee.ug/news/minister-mbayo-my-son-died-of-heart-failure-after-numerous-body-workouts/ |access-date=2021-04-03 |website=Campus Bee |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-29 |title=Presidency Minister Esther Mbayo’s only son dies |url=https://theinformerug.com/2020/11/29/presidency-minister-esther-mbayos-only-son-dies/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016101154/https://theinformerug.com/2020/11/29/presidency-minister-esther-mbayos-only-son-dies/ |archive-date=16 October 2022 |access-date=2021-04-03 |website=The Informer UG |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-30 |title=Makerere fresh graduate Dies after Gyming • The Campus Times |url=https://www.campustimesug.com/makerere-fresh-graduate-dies-after-gyming/ |access-date=2021-04-03 |website=The Campus Times |language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Majalisar ministocin Uganda * Majalisar Uganda == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] 5dsctk222ilqvu10maza25onr2i88c3 0 98696 975419 615444 2026-11-03T00:46:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gholām-Hossein Banān''' (Persian; 5 ga Mayu 1911 - 27 ga Fabrairu 1986) ya kasance mawaƙi Dan Iran. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mawaƙan Iran na ƙarni na 20, an san shi da ingancin muryarsa.{{Sfn|Caton|1988}} == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a [[Tehran]], Banān ya fito ne daga wani fitaccen iyali "tare da asali a hidimar gwamnati".{{Sfn|Caton|1988}} Mahaifinsa, Karim Khan Banān ol-Dowleh (ɗan Mohammad-Taqi Mirza Fazlollah Khan Mostowfi Nuri) ya kasance mai sha'awar kiɗa na gargajiya.{{Sfn|Caton|1988}} Mahaifiyarsa tana da alaƙa da Daular Qajar mai mulki ta Iran; ita 'yar Mohammad Taqi Mirza Rokn ed-Dowleh ce, ɗan'uwan Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (r.  1848-1896). {{Sfn|Caton|1988}} Margaret Caton ta lura cewa Banān ya girma a cikin yanayin da aka inganta ci gaban fasaha; mahaifinsa ya raira waƙa kuma ya buga tar, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta buga piano.{{Sfn|Caton|1988}} Gwaggowar mahaifiyar Banān ta buga ney, kuma 'yan uwansa mata sun yi nazarin tar tare da Morteza Neidavoud . {{Sfn|Caton|1988}} Tun yana da shekaru shida Gholam-Hossein Banān ya fara karbar darussan waka da kunna piano da kwayar halitta ta hanyar ƙarfafawar Morteza Neidavoud wanda ya yi saurin gane shi a matsayin mai basira a cikin kiɗa. Malaman farko na Gholām-Hossein sune iyayensa. Daga baya ya yi karatu tare da Mirzā Tāher Ziā oz-Zākerin Rasā'í da Nāser Seif . Ali-Naqi Vaziri daga baya ya gabatar da shi ga shahararren Rouhollah Khāleghi . Banān ya shiga kungiyar kiɗa ta Iran a shekarar 1942, kuma ya bayyana a [[Iranian National Radio|Rediyon Kasa na Iran]] a wannan shekarar. Daga nan sai ya shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta fitaccen pianist Javād Maroufi, ya zama jagora. A shekara ta 1957 ko 1958, Banān ya makance a idonsa na dama bayan hadarin mota.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gholam-Hossein Banan |url=http://www.mahmag.org/farsi/art.php?itemid=142 |website=mahmag.org |language=Persian |access-date=2025-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408234644/http://www.mahmag.org/farsi/art.php?itemid=142 |archive-date=2016-04-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Banān ya mutu 7:00 na yamma a ranar Alhamis 27 ga Fabrairu 1986 a asibitin Iranmehr da ke Gholhak, Tehran . <ref>{{Cite web |title=All sizes – Untitled – Flickr – Photo Sharing! |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/sisimaa/1096267924/sizes/l/in/set-72157604004524049/ |website=flickr.com}}</ref> &nbsp;Har yanzu masu son kiɗa na gargajiya na Farisa suna tunawa da shi. Daga cikin waƙoƙin da aka fi tunawa da su sune "Ey Iran", "Caravan" da "[[Elahe-ye Naz]]". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Tushe == == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline}} * [http://www.rkac.com/people/qhbanan.htm ''Qolamhossein Banan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924091440/http://www.rkac.com/people/qhbanan.htm |date=2015-09-24 }} An adana shi (Rouhollah Khaleghi Artistic Center An adana masa Wayback Engine). * [http://www.javad-maroufi.com/pageid=7.htm Wasu bugu na shirin sauti na ''Golaa'' a Shafin yanar gizon Javad Maroufi]. * [http://www.last.fm/music/Banan/+images/51560373 Hoton Banan bayan hatsarin mota, yana makantar da idonsa na dama.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120201124316/http://iranold.net/Singer/Banan/Banan%20Page.htm Ƙarin bayani game da Banan daga Iranold.net] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1911]] asb9fd40aeyxqcsde1uvx5ehqgp8wkg 0 99041 975507 827873 2026-11-03T09:06:47Z Zahrah0 14848 975507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kal-El Naga''', [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] ne na Masar, darektan kuma furodusa. An san shi da farko saboda aikinsa a [[Misra|Misira]] da [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], amma ya kara shiga cikin fina-finai da [[talabijin]] na Amurka da Burtaniya tun shekara ta 2006. Ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma ba da umarni (Turanci da Larabci) wasan kwaikwayo da kiɗa a [[Misra|Misira]] yayin da yake karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira . Da ya fara aikinsa na sana'a a shekara ta 2000, Naga ya fito a fina-finai da yawa a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa tare da rawar da ta kunshi nau'o'i da yawa, daga waƙoƙin kiɗa Babu sai wannan! (2007), aikin ''Agamista'' (2007), ''[[''Eyes Of A Thief''|"Ido na ɓarawo"]]'' (2014), abubuwan ban tsoro ''Kashf Hesab'' (2007), gidan zane-zane ''[[Heliopolis (fim, 2009)|Heliopolis]]'' (2009), ''Villa 69'' (2013), Decor (2014), da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na slapstick Habibi Naêman (Sleeping Habibi) (2008). Bugu da ƙari, ya shiga cikin bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa na Turai, inda ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa a matsayin [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] da furodusa. Tun daga shekara ta 2016, ya yi aiki a wurare da yawa na Turanci, kamar Tyrant a FX, Tarihin Tarihi na ''Vikings'', da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen TV na BBC The Last Post, kuma ya sanar da bayyana a cikin Netflix Show Messiah a shekarar 2019. A cikin wani bikin fina-finai a cikin shekarar 2016 wanda ya yi bikin gabatar da fina-fallafin Larabawa ga ''Oscars'', an lura da shi a matsayin mai gabatar da fina'a mafi yawa a cikin fina-falan Larabci ga Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen Ƙasashen waje (The Oscars). Sau da yawa ana lakafta shi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na yamma a matsayin "[[Brad Pitt]] na Masar", kuma an kuma bayyana shi a matsayin "Omar Sharif na gaba" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nima Elbagir |date=January 11, 2012 |title=Khaled Abol Naga: 'Egypt's Brad Pitt' calls for people power in Africa - CNN.com |url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/11/world/khaled-abol-naga-egypt/index.html |access-date=2017-01-11 |website=CNN}}</ref> musamman bayan fim dinsa na farko na Amurka Civic Duty a 2007. An zaba shi a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na [[UNICEF]] a shekara ta 2007, Naga ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da haƙƙin yara, da kuma kamfen na farko na wayar da kan kan jama'ar HIV a [[Misra|Misira]] da duniyar Larabawa, kuma ya shiga cikin dalilai da yawa na duniya, gami da bayar da shawara ga dimokuradiyya a ƙasarsa ta Masar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AUC Today |url=http://www1.aucegypt.edu/publications/auctoday/AUCTodaySpring11/09_Acting_in_the_Interests_of_Justice.htm |access-date=2017-01-20 |website=www1.aucegypt.edu}}</ref> Yana daya daga cikin shahararrun fuskokin Juyin Juya Halin Masar na 2011, yana shiga cikin zanga-zangar jama'a a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] wanda ya haifar da cire Shugaba [[Hosni Mubarak|Mubarak]]. Ya fuskanci kamfen din cin mutunci a kansa ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na gwamnati a lokacin [[Hosni Mubarak|Mubarak]] kafin juyin juya halin 25 ga Janairu, 2011 a [[Misra|Misira]], kuma sau da yawa daga gwamnatin Janar Sisi ta 2013 a Misira a matsayin fansa don kare hakkin dan adam, musamman yanayin matasa na Masar. Ya kuma yi nasara a duk hanyoyin sadarwar talabijin na Larabawa da yawa a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin shirye-shiryen lokaci-lokaci daga 1997 har zuwa 2005. == Shekaru na farko == An haifi Naga a Heliopolis, wani yanki na [[Kairo|Alkahira]], [[Misra|Misira]]. Mahaifinsa, marigayi babban hafsan sojojin Masar Janar Mohamed-Sami Aboul-NAga (Arabic), ya fito ne daga dangin gargajiya na manyan masu mallakar ƙasa a ad-Daqahliyah, Aga, [[Misra|Misira]] wanda aka fi kwace shi a lokacin juyin juya halin Nasser na 1952 da sake fasalin ƙasarsa a Misira. Mahaifiyarsa ta bayyana a shekarar 2013 cewa shi zuriyar annabin Musulunci ne ta hanyar [[Fatima|Fatima Az-Zahraa]] da Imam [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husayn ibn Ali]] ɗan Ali ibn Abi Talib . Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan masanin gine-ginen Masar na Amurka Tarek Naga, da kuma masanin gine'a [[Seif Abol Naga]], wanda ya bayyana a cikin fim din Empire M. A lokacin yarinta, Khaled Abol Naga ya shafe lokaci mai yawa tare da babban ɗan'uwansa Tarek, wanda ke zaune a Amurka, wanda ya ce ya zama babban tasiri ga halinsa yana girma. Khaled yana da sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami kuma ya bayyana a fim (Madness of Love) tare da Naglaa Fathi . Ya halarci makarantar Kwalejin St. George don karatun firamare, ya kammala karatu a matsayin injiniyan sadarwa na lantarki daga sanannen [[Jami'ar Ain Shams|Kwalejin Injiniya]] ta [[Jami'ar Ain Shams]] (ASUFE) da [[Jami'ar Amurka a Alkahira]]. Ya yi karatun Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta tare da ƙarami a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo. Ya buga wasan polo na ruwa ga tawagarsa yayin da yake zaune a [[Turai]] (1986-9), ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin samfurin kayan ado (1993-6), kuma ya kasance mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen tattaunawa da dare da mai gabatar da rediyo a ƙarshen shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |title=خالد أبو النجا: ليس في الفن وصفات سحرية |url=http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/magazine/09012007/ar41.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719135323/http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/magazine/09012007/ar41.htm |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=2011-01-22}}</ref> [[Fayil:Khaled Abol Naga gives remarks during event.jpg|thumb|Kal Naga yana jawabi a wani taro]] Ya shiga sashen wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira, inda ya sami damar gano kwarewarsa ta wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo na jami'ar. A shekara ta 1997 ya tafi [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don ƙarin nazarin mai zaman kansa game da sha'awarsa, yin fim.<ref>{{Cite web |title=خالد أبو النجا, صور خالد أبو النجا, خالد أبو النجا, كلمات أغاني خالد أبو النجا |url=http://www.wikeez.com/people/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7 |access-date=2011-01-22 |archive-date=2012-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506025327/http://www.wikeez.com/people/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A can ya yi karatun fim, fim da kuma jagorantar. Ya ambaci malaminsa na wasan kwaikwayo Dr Mahmoud Al Lozy a matsayin mai ba da shawara wanda ya fi rinjaye shi.<ref name="gulfnews.com">{{Cite web |title=gulfnews : Khaled Abol Naga: I have great expectations |url=http://gulfnews.com/in-focus/adff/khaled-abol-naga-i-have-great-expectations-1.698757 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121220324/http://gulfnews.com/in-focus/adff/khaled-abol-naga-i-have-great-expectations-1.698757 |archive-date=January 21, 2011 |access-date=2011-01-22}}</ref> == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == Mataki na farko na aikin wasan kwaikwayo na Naga (1989-2002) ya kasance a kan mataki (a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo), kodayake ya fara karbar bakuncin shirye-shiryen talabijin a cikin 1998, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Khaled Abol Naga « Microphone – ميك |url=http://microphone-film.net/about-khaled-abol-naga/ |access-date=2011-01-23 |archive-date=2011-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110223747/http://microphone-film.net/about-khaled-abol-naga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga shahararsa a matsayin mai watsa labarai a [[Misra|Misira]] da jihohin da ke magana da Larabci. Ayyukansa na talabijin da fim sun haɗa da nau'o'i daban-daban. Bayan hada-hadar da kuma yin wasan kwaikwayo a fim mai zaman kansa na 2009 ''Heliopolis'' ta hanyar darektan [[Ahmad Abdalla]], ya fito a fim na biyu Microphone wanda shi ma ya hada-hadare tare da [[Muhammed Hafizy|Mohamed Hefzy]] a 2010. Daga 2010 zuwa gaba Abol Naga galibi ya taka rawar gani da yawa, ya ci gaba da lashe kyaututtuka da yawa a matsayin [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] kuma a matsayin furodusa daga manyan bukukuwan fina-finai na yanki da na duniya. An nada shi a matsayin memba na juri kuma wani lokacin shugaban juri na bukukuwan fina-finai na yanki da na duniya. An dauke shi daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a duniya a yau daga yankin Larabawa. === Fim din === Naga ta fara aiki ne a shekara ta 1977 lokacin da yake yaro tare da wani ɓangare a fim din Masar Madness of Love (Arabic) (aka: Genoun El Hob) (aka - La Folie De L'amore). Tun daga wannan lokacin ya bayyana a fina-finai da yawa ciki har da abubuwan ban tsoro na tunanin mutum, soyayya da wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa. A shekara ta 2001 aikin fim dinsa ya sami karfin gwiwa lokacin da darektan Daoud Abdel Sayed ya zaba shi don jagora a cikin A Citizen, An Informant And A Thief (Mowaten we Mokhber we Haramy) (Arabic). A shekara ta 2002 ya nuna baiwarsa don raira waƙa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Wust El-Balad ("Downtown"). Daga nan aka ba shi wani ɓangare a cikin "Sleepless Nights" (aka: "Sahar El Layali") wanda ya zama ofishin jakadancin a cikin 2003-2004. Daga baya a wannan shekarar an ba Abol Naga kyautar Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Damascus da kuma Kyautar Mafi kyawun Acteur daga Paris Arab Cinema Biennale na Cibiyar Fim ta Monde Arabe IMA . Bayan "Sleepless Nights" aka: Sahar El Layali, Abol Naga ya yi aiki a cikin fina-finai da yawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. A shekara ta 2004 ya taka rawar jami'in sojan ruwa Lt Hasan Hosny a Yom El Karama (Ranar Daraja), sannan ya biyo bayan halinsa Kimo a cikin wani shahararren wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Hob El Banat (Ƙaunar Yarinya). A shekara ta 2005-2006 ya fito a wasu fina-finai da yawa: Italia's War, Malek wa Ketaba (Heads and Tails), da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Banat West El Balad (Downtown Girls). A shekara ta 2006 ya bayyana a matsayin jagora a cikin Leabet el hob (The Game of Love) - wanda ya sami mafi kyawun Actor a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Alexandra . Ya kuma bayyana a cikin gajeren fim mai zaman kansa na [[Tamer El-Bustani]]: ''Qutat Baladi'' (Stray Cats). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Al-Ahram Weekly / Culture / Exploring European and "independent" Egyptian film |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2006/779/cu11.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401140027/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2006/779/cu11.htm |archive-date=April 1, 2011 |access-date=2011-03-01}}</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar an gabatar da shi ga masu sauraron Turanci a matsayin Gabe Hassan a cikin samar da Civic Duty na Amurka / Kanada, An fara shi a [http://tribecafilm.com%7CThe Bikin Fim na Tribecca]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} a New York, kuma an zabi shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Alkahira 2007, aikinsa ya haifar da kulawa sosai ga baiwarsa kuma tun daga wannan lokacin kafofin watsa labarai sun bayyana shi sau da yawa a matsayin Omar Sharif na gaba. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo !Shekara !Taken !Fitarwa !Matsayi !Daraktan |- |1989 |''Oliver!'' Musical na Lionel Bart |AUC, [[Misra|Misira]] |Bill Sikes |[[Larry P. Caitlin]] da [[Walter Eysselinck]] |- |1990 |''Mahfouz-yat'' Naguib Mahfouz |AUC, [[Misra|Misira]] |Haruffa da yawa |[[Tarek Ghaleb]] |- |1990 |'''Gaskiya, Hauka, Da zurfi''' (Arabic: .بجد, بجنون, بعمق) Daidaitawa ta Khaled Abol Naga bisa ga fim din Anthony Minghella da wannan taken |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hanager, Gidan wasan opera na Alkahira, Masar Bikin Gidan Wasanni na Kasuwanci, (Arabic) (WON Kyautar Kyakkyawan Kwararrun Kwararrun na bikin) AL QAFELA (The Caravan) |Ya yi, ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarnin wasan |Khaled Abol Naga |- |1991 |''Waƙar Mutuwa'' (Arabic) Naguib Mahfouz |AUC, [[Misra|Misira]] |Elwan |[[Ihab Shawi]] |- |1994 1995 |''Biyu a karkashin kasa'' (Larabci: اتنين الارض) M Salmawy |1994 AUC, [[Misra|Misira]] 1995 Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sheraton, [[Kairo|Alkahira]], Masar[[Misra|Misira]] |Dokta Labeeb da kuma Sheikh (Maazoun) |[[Ahmed Zaki (director)|Ahmed Zaki]] |- |1996 |''Mai soyayya'' (Arabic) [[Tawfiq al-Hakim]] |AUC, [[Misra|Misira]] |Naguib |[http://www.aucegypt.edu/fac/mahmoudel-lozy Mahmoud El Lozy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016134212/https://www.aucegypt.edu/fac/mahmoudel-lozy |date=2019-10-16 }} An adana shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 2019, a |- |2002 |''Wust Al Balad'' (na kiɗa) |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Salam, [[Kairo|Alkahira]], [[Misra|Misira]] |Ramadan da kuma Romeo |[[Naser Abdel Menem]] |- |2013 |''White Rabbit Red Rabbit''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-16 |title=White rabbits and their inevitable redness |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/04/16/white-rabbits-and-their-inevitable-redness/ |access-date=2017-01-13 |website=Daily News Egypt}}</ref>Nassim Soleiman ne ya rubuta |Bikin D-CAF, [https://www.facebook.com/aucfalakitheater/ Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Falaki], Alkahira, Misira <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home – D-CAF |url=http://d-caf.org/ |access-date=2017-01-13 |website=D-CAF |language=en-US |archive-date=2017-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104213704/http://d-caf.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>13 ga Afrilu 2013 |Mai ba da labari (Shahurin gwaji na mutum daya a duniya) |Marubucin Iran Nassim SoleimanpourNassim Soleiman |- |2013 |''"An soke shi"'' Ka yi wasa da karatun mataki (a cikin Larabci) |[https://www.facebook.com/aucfalakitheater/ Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Falaki], AUC, Masar Satumba 2013 |Hassan (Darakta) |Rubuta & Gudanar da Dokta [http://www.aucegypt.edu/fac/mahmoudel-lozy Mahmoud El Lozy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016134212/https://www.aucegypt.edu/fac/mahmoudel-lozy |date=2019-10-16 }} An rubuta shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 2019, a |- |2015 |''Oliver! a cikin Larabci'' Musical na Lionel Bart, Arabisation & Lyrics by [http://www.arabworldbooks.com/authors/zeinab-mobarak.htm Zeinab Mobarak] |Cibiyar Al'adu ta Royal ta Amman, Jordan (lasisi na musamman daga Cameron Mackintosh) <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=An Arabic adaptation of ''Oliver!'' provides drama therapy for Syrian refugee children |url=http://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2015-10-08/an-arabic-adaptation-of-oliver-provides-drama-therapy-for-syrian-refugee-children/5162 |access-date=2017-01-13 |website=www.theworldweekly.com}}</ref> Wasan kwaikwayo na mafaka |Mahalicci, Babban Mai gabatarwa & Darakta |Khaled Abol Naga Daraktan Kiɗa: Nayer Nagui |- |2018 |Nishawa A Alkahira Jagora Wasanni na mataki karatu (Turanci) |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Brava, San Francisco. Sabbin Threads, shirye-shiryen GoldenThread. |Darakta, ci gaban rubutun ga marubucin. |marubuci: Adam Ashraf Elsayigh Kal Naga ne ya jagoranta Yuni 5, 2018 |- |2020 mai zuwa |''NOURA'' Play a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Guthrie Mnpls MN |[https://www.guthrietheater.org/shows-and-tickets/2019-2020-season/noura/ NOURA @ GUTHRIE THEATER] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416223123/https://www.guthrietheater.org/shows-and-tickets/2019-2020-season/noura/ |date=2025-04-16 }} |Rafa'a |Marubuci: Heather Raffo, Darakta: Taibi Magar, |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! === Kyaututtuka a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo === !Domin |- |2016 |Kyautar Kyautar Larabawa ta Musamman, Hassi-Messaoud 1st Cinematic taron 2016, [[Aljeriya]] | (don kasancewa dan wasan Larabawa mafi yawan gabatar a fina-finai na Larabci zuwa Academy Awards® (Award for Foreign Film) |- | rowspan="5" |2014 |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, The Silver Pyramid CIFF Fim Festival na Kasa da Kasa na Alkahira <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo International Film Festival {{!}} Archive |url=http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184504/http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#36 |archive-date=January 9, 2017 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=ciff.org.eg}}</ref> |Idanu na ɓarawo (fim na Palasdinawa) (Mai wasan kwaikwayo) |- |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, Bikin Fim na Afirka Khouribga, Morocco <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=FCAK 2014 {{!}} Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga |url=http://festivalkhouribga.org/fr/archives/fcak-2014/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184526/http://festivalkhouribga.org/fr/archives/fcak-2014/ |archive-date=January 9, 2017 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=festivalkhouribga.org}}</ref> |Villa69 (Babban Actor & Executive-Producer) |- |Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na namiji, (Lambar HORUS), Bikin Fim na Kasa na 18 na Fim na Masar 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |title=المهرجان القومي للسينما المصريه |url=http://www.nff.org.eg/cinema2014/?q=node/666 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Villa69 (Babban Actor & Executive-Producer) |- |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, Bikin Fim na Shekara-shekara na 40 na Fim na Masar |Villa69 (Babban Actor & Executive-Producer) |- |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, 62nd Edition na Cibiyar Fim ta Katolika ta Masar don Fim ta Masar 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Clinic Website |url=http://www.film-clinic.com/01042014.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184158/http://www.film-clinic.com/01042014.php |archive-date=January 9, 2017 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=www.film-clinic.com}}</ref> |Villa69 (Babban Actor & Executive-Producer) |- |2012 |Kyautar Nasarar Musamman, [[Alexandria International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Alexandria]] don Al'umman Bahar Rum 2012, Kyautar 'Yancin Dan Adam don Mafi kyawun Actor wanda ya nuna haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata a tarihin fim na Masar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandria International Film Festival |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000769/ |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |Kyautar 'Yancin Dan Adam (Mafi kyawun Actor a fina-finai da suka nuna haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata a cikin fina-fameera na Masar) |- |2011 |Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta, Bikin Fim na Larabawa na MÅLMÖ, Sweden <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=July 20, 2016 |title=ARCHIVE 2011 {{!}} Malmo Arab Film Festival |url=http://maffswe.com/archive-2011/ |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=maffswe.com}}</ref> |Ya girmama tauraron Khaled Abol Naga saboda kyakkyawan aikinsa a lokacin da yake dan wasan kwaikwayo <ref name=":0" /> |- |2009 |Mafi kyawun Actor, ART NETWORK TV Awards |LEILA's MAD MAN aka: Magnoon Laila (mini series TV) |- |2006 |Mafi kyawun Actor, Bikin Fim na Duniya na 22 na Alexandria 2006 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandria International Film Festival (2006) |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000769/2006 |access-date=2011-01-26 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandria International Film Festival (2006) |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000769/2006 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |Wasan Ƙauna (aka: Leabet el Hob) |- |2005 |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, Horeyaty Annual Awards |Harb Atalia (Maza tare) |- | rowspan="4" |2004 |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, 53rd Edition na Cibiyar Fim ta Katolika ta Masar don Fim ta Masar 2004 |El Banat (karamin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin) (Male Lead) |- |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, Biennale na Cinema na Larabawa, Cibiyar Du Monde Arabe (IMA) 2004 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paris Biennal of Arab Cinema |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001027/ |access-date=2011-01-26 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |Sleepless Nights aka: "Sahar el Layaly" (Maganar Actor) ya raba tare da ƙungiyar |- |Mafi kyawun Actor, Kyautar Oscars ta Fim ta Masar 2014, Film Art Society |Sleepless Nights (Lead Actor), an raba shi tare da ƙungiyar. |- |Mafi kyawun Actor, ART NETWORK Cinema Awards |'Sleepless Nights Sahar el Layaly aka: "Sahar el Layaly" (Maganar Actor) ya raba tare da ƙungiyar 'yan wasa' |- | rowspan="2" |2003 |Mafi kyawun Actor, 13th Damascus International Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Damascus Film Festival (2003) |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001038/2003 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |'Sleepless Nights Sahar el Layaly aka: "Sahar el Layaly" (Maganar Actor) ya raba tare da ƙungiyar 'yan wasa' |- |Bayyanawa ta Musamman, Gasar Larabci don Fim na Tsawon Lokaci, 27th Alkahira International Film Festival CIFF 2003 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo International Film Festival (2003) |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000141/2003 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |Ƙaunar Yarinya (aka: Hob El Banat) (2003) (Mai Actor) |- | | === Kyaututtuka a matsayin mai gabatarwa === |Domin |- |2014 |*Yawancin Kyautar Fim ta Masar ta gida, |Villa69 (Babban Actor & Executive-Producer) |- |2013 |Kyautar Juri ta Musamman, Gasar New Horizons, Bikin Fim na Abu Dhabi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2013/awards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222225747/http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2013/awards |archive-date=February 22, 2018 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=Abu Dhabi Film Festival}}</ref> |Villa69 (Babban Actor & Executive-Producer) |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |Kyautar Golden Tulip, Fim mafi kyau na gasar kasa da kasa, Bikin Fim na 30 na Istanbul, Turkiyya |MICROPHONE (Babban Actor & Co-Producer) |- |Magana ta Musamman, Bikin Fim na Granada Cines del Sur, Spain <ref name="Abdalla" /> |MICROPHONE (Babban Actor & Co-Producer) ' |- | rowspan="3" |2010 |Kyautar Fim mafi kyau: Bikin Fim na Afirka na Tarifa, Seville, Spain <ref name="Abdalla" /> |MICROPHONE (Babban Actor & Co-Producer) ' |- |Kyautar Fim mafi kyau: GOLD TANIT, JCC Chartage Cinematic days Festival (Tanit d'Or, Cinematographic Journees de Carthage), Tunisia <ref name="Abdalla" /> |MICROPHONE (Babban Actor & Co-Producer) ' |- |Kyautar Fim ta Larabci mafi kyau, Gasar Larabci don Fim na Tsawon Lokaci, Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Alkahira CIFF 2010 <ref name="Abdalla" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo International Film Festival {{!}} Archive |url=http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#34 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184504/http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#34 |archive-date=January 9, 2017 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=ciff.org.eg}}</ref> |MICROPHONE (Babban Actor & Co-Producer) ' |- |2009 |Bayyanawa ta Musamman, Gasar Fim ta Larabci, Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Alkahira na 33 na 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo International Film Festival {{!}} Archive |url=http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#33 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184504/http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#33 |archive-date=January 9, 2017 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=ciff.org.eg}}</ref> |HELIOPOLIS (Actor & Co-Producer) |- | | | |- | | | |- |- | | === Kyaututtuka a matsayin darektan === |Domin |- |1996 |Mafi kyawun shigarwa SOL STAR ta Lita Albuquerque, SOL STAR gajeren fim na Khaled Abol Naga (marubuci / darektan) Giza Plateau don 6th Cairo International Biennale, Alkahira, Masar'''Giza Plateau don bikin Biennale na Kasa da Kasa na Alkahira na 6, Alkahira, Masar''' |SOL STAR Takaitaccen Bidiyo-Art wani ɓangare na shigarwa |- |1990 |'''Kyautar ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau ga (The Caravan troupe),''' Bikin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kyauta, (Arabic) Gidan wasan kwaikwayon Hanager, Gidan wasan opera na Alkahira, Masar |Gaskiya, Madly, Deeply (Arabic: .بجد, بجنون, بعمق) Adaptation by Khaled Abol Naga bisa ga fim din Anthony Minghella da wannan taken |- | | | |- | | === Sauran kyaututtuka === |Domin |- |2000 |Mafi kyawun Sabon Mai ba da sanarwar talabijin, Good Morning Egypt TV show, (ERTU, Masar) |Eshar Maana, tashar talabijin iri-iri, cibiyar talabijin ta Nilu |} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ranar !Naɗin juri !Bikin ko taron !Kasar !Hanyar haɗi ta yanar gizo / tushe |- |2016 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |Bikin Fim na Tangiers na 2016 |'''Maroko''' |http://www.festivaldetanger.com/main/?page_id=862 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621003006/http://www.festivaldetanger.com/main/?page_id=862 |date=2021-06-21 }} |- |2013 |'''Shugaban juri''' |Bikin Fim na Abu Dhabi, Kyautar Kare Yara <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanad Film Fund |first=ADFF |title=Sanad film fund Juries |url=http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/Images/PR_Juries%20Eng_tcm14-7646.pdf |journal=Sanad Film Fund Juries |via=Sanad Film Fund |access-date=2025-04-23 |archive-date=2023-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515161627/http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/Images/PR_Juries%20Eng_tcm14-7646.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=UAEToday.com |title=UAE Today – MoI Launches Child Protection Award At ADFF |url=http://www.uaetoday.com/news_details_ad.asp?newsid=13366 |access-date=2017-01-15 |website=www.uaetoday.com}}</ref> |'''Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa''' |http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2013/juries {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209190425/http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2013/juries |date=2023-12-09 }} |- |2012 |'''memba na juriya na kasa da kasa''' |Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Alkahira (CIFF) '''memba na FIAPF*''' |'''Misira''' |Archived#35" id="mwBDU" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><nowiki>http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#35</nowiki> An adana shi a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 2017, a |- |2012 |'''Shugaban juriya''' |Royal Film Commission, EU Mobile Short Film Fest. |'''Jordan''' |http://www.film.jo/NewsView.aspx?NewsId=39 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129085328/http://film.jo/NewsView.aspx?NewsId=39 |date=2022-11-29 }} |- |2011 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |[http://www.ifistanbul.com/en/archive/2011/ Istanbul !f Gasar Fim ta Duniya] ta 2011 |'''Turkiyya''' |http://www.ifistanbul.com/en/archive/2011/ http://www.vandertastic.com/index.php?module=site&code=show_cat&id_cat=1 |- |2010 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Soyayya, Mons, 2010 (bugawa <abbr>Na 26^e</abbr>) |'''Belgium''' |[[:fr:Festival international du film d'amour de Mons|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Soyayya, Mons]] |- |2011 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |Bikin Fim na Larabawa na MÅLMÖ 2011 |'''Sweden''' |http://maffswe.com/archive-2011/ |- |2010 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |Bikin Fim na Abu Dhabi na 2010, New Horizons Awards |'''Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa''' |http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2010/juries {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929133923/http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2010/juries |date=2023-09-29 }} |- |2010 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival PÖFF, Eurasia Program 2010, '''memba na FIAPF*''' * |'''Estonia''' |http://2010.poff.ee/eng/festival-2010/juries/eurasia-jury {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116175905/http://2010.poff.ee/eng/festival-2010/juries/eurasia-jury |date=2017-01-16 }} |- |2009 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |[https://arabfilmfestival.nl/ Rotterdam Fim na Larabci] Festival l 2009, |'''Netherlands''' |https://arabfilmfestival.nl/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOB8LL6eXhs |- |2009 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |[http://www.beirutfilmfestival.org/2009-9th-edition-photos/ Bikin Fim na Duniya na Beirut], 9"th. BIFF |'''Lebanon''' |http://www.beirutfilmfestival.org/2009-9th-edition-photos/ |- |2008 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |Bikin Fim na Cibiyar Katolika don fina-finai na Masar 2008 |'''Misira''' |http://www.elcinema.com/en/festival/1000160 |- |2009–2016 |'''Mai jefa kuri'a''' |Kyautar Emmy® ta Duniya (Kwamitin Fasaha da Kimiyya na Duniya) |'''Amurka''' |Kyautar Emmy ta Duniya&amp;lt; |} == Hotunan fina-finai == === Talabijin === * 2020: MESSIAH (lokaci na 1): NETFLIX TV jerin - watsawa 1 Janairu 2020 YACOB - (tauraruwar baƙo a cikin 3/10 episodes) * '''2019: THE LAST POST (lokaci na 1): BBC TV mini series - watsa a Burtaniya 2018 ''' The Informant - (Baƙon tauraron a cikin 6/6 episodes) * 2017: VIKINGS (lokaci na 5): Tarihin Tarihin Tarihi - ana watsa shi a Kanada Fabrairu 2017 Ziyadat-Allah - (Mutumin tauraron baƙo a cikin ɓangarori 2) * '''2016: TYRANT (lokaci na 3): FX Networks TV show - Amurka Satumba 2016 ''' AL-Qadi - (Babban rawar da ya taka a cikin 10/10 episodes) * 2007: LEILA's MAD MAN aka: Magnoon Laila: TV mini series - Misira 2007 Omar - (Lead Series Aiki na yau da kullun a cikin 15/15 Episodes) Ya sami kyaututtuka masu yawa na gida da suka fi dacewa''Ya sami lambar yabo ta musamman ta musamman ta ƙwararrun ƙwararrun'' * 2003: EL BANAT: Ƙananan jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin - Misira 2003 Seif - (Shirye-shiryen Jagora a cikin 30/30 Episodes) Ya lashe Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor a bikin fina-finai na Katolika na 2003''Ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a bikin fina-finai na Katolika na 2003'' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 21bk2pudwh5w9mxn77554v2p7wl628m 0 100530 975532 707096 2026-11-03T11:57:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ber Anena''' an haife ta ne kuma a baya an buga ta a matsayin '''Harriet Anena''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Participant Anena, Ber |url=https://www.amesall.rutgers.edu/global-africa/symposium/2022-symposium/participants-2022/participant-2022/136-2022-artists/566-anena-ber |access-date=25 December 2022 |website=Global Africa and the Humanities Series |publisher=Rutgers University School of Arts and Sciences |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201225403/https://amesall.rutgers.edu/global-africa/symposium/2022-symposium/participants-2022/participant-2022/136-2022-artists/566-anena-ber |url-status=dead }}</ref> marubuciya ce kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo na Uganda, wanda rubuce-rubucenta sun haɗa da shayari, nonfiction da fiction. Ita ce marubucin tarin waƙoƙi, A Nation In Labour, wanda aka buga a shekarar 2015, ta lashe kyautar Wole Soyinka ta 2018 don wallafe-wallafen Afirka. <ref name="somanystories">{{Cite web |last=Richard Oduor |last2=Grace Kenganzi |last3=David Kangye |date=March 2015 |title=Book Review: A Nation In Labour - Three voices, one book |url=http://somanystories.ug/reviews/2015/02/book-review-nation-labour-three-voices-one-book |access-date=17 March 2015 |publisher=So Many Stories |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503055425/http://somanystories.ug/reviews/2015/02/book-review-nation-labour-three-voices-one-book |archive-date=3 May 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-10 |title=Nigerian professor, Ugandan win Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/artsbooks/300293-nigerian-professor-ugandan-win-wole-soyinka-prize-for-literature.html |access-date=2022-02-28 |language=en-GB}}</ref> The Economist ya bayyana aikin waka a matsayin "mai kamawa game da soyayya da yaƙi". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Anena an haife ta ne ga iyayen Acholi kuma ta girma a Gundumar Gulu ta Uganda . <ref name="shortstorydayafrica.org">{{Cite web |date=30 September 2015 |title='For Me, Life Is Political.' An Interview With Harriet Anena |url=http://shortstorydayafrica.org/news/for-me-life-is-political |access-date=2 October 2015 |publisher=Short Story Day Africa |archive-date=24 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324195053/http://shortstorydayafrica.org/news/for-me-life-is-political |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta girma a lokacin yakin shekaru ashirin da 'yan tawayen Lord's Resistance Army suka jagoranta, wani lamari wanda ya haifa kuma ya rinjayi rubuce-rubucenta na farko. Anena ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Jama'a ta Gulu, Makarantar Sakandare ta Zuciya Mai Tsarki, da Makarantar Sakandaren Gulu ta Tsakiya. Ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na Mass Communication daga [[Jami'ar Makerere]] a shekara ta 2010 kuma ta kammala digiri na Master of Arts a cikin haƙƙin ɗan adam daga wannan ma'aikatar a shekara ta 2018. <ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |last=Joseph Ssemutooke |date=7 February 2015 |title=The making of a budding poet |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/making-budding-poet/-/691232/2615400/-/11yvvy0z/-/index.html |access-date=17 March 2015 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Tana bin shirin rubuce-rubuce na MFA a Jami'ar Columbia da ke New York.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anena |first=Harriet |date=2019-07-18 |title=I'm Emptying My Bank Account to Go to Columbia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2019/07/columbia-costs-mfa/593215/ |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last5=Kangye |date=2019-05-22 |title=Harriet Anena: Now that Columbia has called… |url=https://davidkangye.com/harriet-anena-now-that-columbia-has-called/ |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=Kangye Writes |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan jarida == Anena ta yi aiki tare da jaridar Daily Monitor a matsayin mai ba da rahoto, mataimakin edita, da mataimakin babban mataimakin Edita daga 2009 zuwa Satumba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Harriet Anena: I Question Politics through Poetry |url=https://itanile.org/harriet-anena-writing-father-uncomfortable/ |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=Itanile |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta shiga Cibiyar Afirka don Kyakkyawan Media a cikin 2014 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da aikin jarida, mai binciken kafofin watsa labarai, mai tsara shirye-shirye da mai samar da abun ciki na kan layi har zuwa 2019. A watan Agustan 2019, Anena ta shiga Columbia Journal a matsayin editan kwafin kan layi. An buga labaran jaridanta a cikin Daily Monitor, New Vision, The Observer, Columbia Journal, The Atlantic da Popula .<ref name="mo-n-itor">{{Cite web |last=Harriet Anena |date=27 November 2012 |title=If Uganda 'divorced' colonialism, why are we on our knees over aid cuts? |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/If-Uganda--divorced--colonialism--why-are-we-on/-/689364/1629784/-/113668rz/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120222527/https://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/If-Uganda--divorced--colonialism--why-are-we-on/-/689364/1629784/-/113668rz/-/index.html |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=17 March 2015 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref><ref name="mo-n-i-tor">{{Cite web |last=Harriet Anena |date=27 January 2012 |title=Govt must live up to its mandate and tackle the nodding disease |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/-/689364/1314454/-/129lu16z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120222537/https://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/-/689364/1314454/-/129lu16z/-/index.html |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=17 March 2015 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Ta kuma koyar da Rubuce-rubuce na Musamman ga ɗaliban aikin jarida a [[Jami'ar Musulunci a Uganda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bamuturaki Musinguzi |date=28 December 2018 |title=Anena's poetry wins Wole Soyinka Prize |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/anena-s-poetry-wins-wole-soyinka-prize-1409428 |access-date=12 February 2022}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == Anena ta rubuta waka ta farko, "The plight of the Acholi child", a shekara ta 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Uganda at 56: Writing Independence (2000-2009) |url=https://writivism.org/2018/10/14/uganda-at-56-2000-2009/ |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=Writivism |language=en}}</ref> Ya lashe gasar rubuce-rubuce da kungiyar Shugabannin Addini ta Acholi ta shirya kuma ya taimaka mata ta sami tallafin ilimi na A-Level.<ref name="monitor"/> Ta halarci taron bita na 2013 Caine Prize da aka gudanar a Uganda, kuma an buga labarinta "Watchdog Games" a cikin tarihin A Memory This Size and Other Stories: The Caine Prize for African Writing, 2013.<ref name="m-o-nit-or">{{Cite web |last=Dennis D. Muhumuza |date=27 April 2013 |title=Caine prize anthology launched |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Caine-prize-anthology-launched/-/691232/1759300/-/oh9h7l/-/index.html |access-date=27 February 2015 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> A shekara ta 2013, an sanya ta cikin jerin sunayen "Ghana Poetry prize" don waka "We Arise".<ref name="poetryfoundationghana">{{Cite web |title=Shortlist for Ghana Poetry Prize 2013 Released |url=http://www.poetryfoundationghana.org/index.php/en/featured/poetry-news/item/800-shortlist-for-ghana-poetry-prize-2013-released |access-date=17 March 2015 |publisher=poetryfoundationghana.org}}</ref> A Nation In Labour, wanda aka buga a shekarar 2015, shine littafinta na farko, <ref name="magunga">{{Cite web |last=Oduor Jagero |date=15 March 2015 |title=A Nation In Labour |url=http://www.magunga.com/a-nation-in-labour |access-date=17 March 2015 |website=The Magunga}}</ref> tarin waƙoƙi na "masu hankali". Sabon hangen nesa ya rubuta cewa "Anena da abincin waƙarta za su kiyaye ku. " Kamar yadda Tomiwa Ilori ya bayyana, "A Nation in Labour wani littafi ne mai kashi huɗu wanda ke amfani da harshe mai girma don faɗar tsoro. Tarin waƙoƙin Anena yana gargadi al'umma game da tsarin darajarta ta hanyar amfani da martani na satiric wanda ke sautin. " Kowane ɓangare na rubutun yana tsoma bil'adama da aka bushe a cikin ruwa. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomiwa Ilori |date=27 October 2015 |title=Rhetoric of Pain and Other Resources |url=http://wawabookreview.com/2015/10/27/rhetoric-of-pain-and-other-resources/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124239/http://wawabookreview.com/2015/10/27/rhetoric-of-pain-and-other-resources/ |archive-date=9 December 2018 |access-date=8 December 2018 |website=Wawa Book Review}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2018, an sanya A Nation In Labour a cikin jerin sunayen gabatarwa na Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature in Africa, tare da tarin Tanure Ojaide da Servio Gbadamosi .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jemilat Nasiru |date=28 November 2018 |title=Arena, Ojaide, Gbadamosi shortlisted for Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature |url=https://www.thecable.ng/arena-ojaide-gbadamosi-shortlisted-for-wole-soyinka-prize-for-literature |website=The Cable}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=[[James Murua]] |date=29 November 2018 |title=Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature 2018 shortlist announced |url=https://www.writingafrica.com/wole-soyinka-prize-for-literature-2018-shortlist-announced/ |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Writing Africa}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, a wani bikin bayar da kyautar da aka gudanar a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya, an sanar da Anena da Ojaide wadanda suka lashe gasar hadin gwiwa. [[Toyin Falola]], Olu Obafemi da [[Margaret Busby]] (shugaban) ne suka yanke hukunci game da kyautar. Wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel, Farfesa [[Wole Soyinka]] ne ya gabatar da kyautar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=James Murua |date=10 December 2018 |title=Prof Tanure Ojaide, Harriet Anena are joint Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature 2018 winners |url=https://www.writingafrica.com/prof-tanure-ojaide-harriet-anena-are-joint-wole-soyinka-prize-for-literature-2018-winners/ |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Writing Africa}}</ref> Ayyukanta sun bayyana a cikin 2019's New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent, wanda Margaret Busby ta shirya. == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, an kira Anena wacce ta lashe kyautar Wole Soyinka ta 2018 don wallafe-wallafen Afirka don littafinta A Nation in Labour, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 2015. Ta lashe kyautar tare da Farfesa Tanure Ojaide . Anena ta sami lambar yabo a wani bikin da aka yi a Legas, Najeriya, wanda [[Wole Soyinka]], wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ta farko a Afirka a cikin adabi, wanda aka sanya masa suna. Kyautar Wole Soyinka don wallafe-wallafen "kyautar rubuce-rubuce ta Afirka ce da aka bayar sau biyu ga mafi kyawun aikin wallafe-rubucen da wani dan Afirka ya samar". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Monitor Reporter |date=10 December 2018 |title=Ugandan author is joint winner of Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Ugandan-author-Anena-Soyinka-Literature-Ojaide-prize/688334-4888872-o5j6ad/index.html |access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref> Anena ta ɗan gajeren labarin "Dancing with Ma" an ƙaddamar da shi don 2018 Commonwealth Short Story Prize . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bamuturaki Musinguzi |date=8 June 2018 |title=Ugandan writer shortlisted for Commonwealth prize |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/ugandan-writer-shortlisted-for-commonwealth-prize-1395662 |website=The East African}}</ref> A cikin 2017 da 2018, gajeren tarihinta, "The Satans Inside My Jimmy" da "Waiting", an jera su ne don Kyautar Short Story Day Africa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Books |url=http://shortstorydayafrica.org/books |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=Short Story Day Africa |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2023-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426141215/http://shortstorydayafrica.org/books/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan da aka buga == === Tarin waƙoƙi === *  <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Nation in Labour {{!}} A Poetry Collection |url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/best_book/53413186-a-nation-in-labour-a-poetry-collection |access-date=11 August 2020 |website=www.goodreads.com}}</ref> === Waƙoƙin da aka zaɓa === * "Gafartawa" da "Mun tashi", a cikin  <cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBeverley_Nambozo_Nsengiyunva2014">(2014). ''A Thousand Voices Rising: Tarihin waƙoƙin Afirka na zamani''. Gidauniyar Waƙoƙi ta BN. [[ISBN]] <nowiki><bdi>978-9970-9234-0-3</bdi></nowiki>.&nbsp;</cite> * "Sharing My Man With A Country" a cikin Enkare Review, 15 Satumba 2016 * [http://www.africanwriterstrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/suubi.pdf "Na mutu da rai"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101081328/http://africanwriterstrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/suubi.pdf |date=2019-11-01 }} An adana shi 2019-11-01 a a cikin Suubi Collection (2013) === Zaɓaɓɓun gajerun labaru === * "The Satans Inside My Jimmy" a cikin Otal din Afirka: Sabon Takaitaccen Labari daga Afirka, 2019 * "Zanara tare da Ma" a cikin ''adda'', 2018 * "Haka" a cikin ''ID: Sabon Takaitaccen Labari daga Afirka'', 2018 * "The Dogs Are Hungry" a cikin Sooo Many Stories, 2014 * [http://bookslive.co.za/blog/2014/05/02/writivism-flash-fiction-friday-early-for-nwacheta-games-of-guilt-a-question-of-underwear-and-the-axe/ "The Axe"] a cikin Bookslive, 2014. === Zaɓuɓɓukan labarai === * "[http://columbiajournal.org/review-no-roses-from-my-mouth-by-dr-stella-nyanzi/#:~:text=Review%3A%20No%20Roses%20from%20My%20Mouth%20by%20Dr.,thorny%20as%20the%20writing%20that%20got%20her%20imprisoned. Bincike: Babu Roses daga Bakina ta Dokta Stella Nyanzi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215105037/http://columbiajournal.org/review-no-roses-from-my-mouth-by-dr-stella-nyanzi/#:~:text=Review%3A%20No%20Roses%20from%20My%20Mouth%20by%20Dr.,thorny%20as%20the%20writing%20that%20got%20her%20imprisoned. |date=2021-12-15 }}", Columbia Journal, 25 Fabrairu 2020 * "Baƙon cewa maza, jima'i mai ƙarfi, ya kamata su zama jima'i mara ƙarfi a cikin fyade", Daily Monitor, 12 Janairu 2020 * [https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2019/07/columbia-costs-mfa/593215/ "Ina fitar da asusun bankin na don zuwa Columbia"], The Atlantic, 18 ga Yuli 2019 * "Ga Dr. Stella Nyanzi: Ina rokon laifi ga shiru", Journeys Within, 15 Yuni 2019 * "#MissCurvyUganda: Ga dalilin da ya sa muke yanka itacen kuma muna watsi da tushen", Journeys Within, 12 Fabrairu 2019 * [https://popula.com/2018/10/18/a-sack-of-cash/ "A Sack of Cash: Lokacin da Shugaba Museveni ya sa ruwan ''Jama'a''"], Popula, 18 ga Oktoba 2018 * "Ƙarshen Hanyar: Bobi Wine, Bebe Cool da juyin juya halin kwalban Uganda", Popula, 20 Satumba 2018 * "Mista Shugaban kasa, nawa ka sani game da warware rikice-rikice?" An adana shi 2019-04-27 a , Daily Monitor, 13 ga Oktoba 2013 * [https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Gen-Sejusa--you-owe-my-people-an-apology/689844-2121250-gf98wv/index.html "Gen Sejusa, kuna bin mutanena neman gafara"], Daily Monitor, 22 Disamba 2013 * "[http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Child-labour-should-be-a-concern-for-all/-/689844/1734666/-/r4rjen/-/index.html "Ya kamata aikin yara ya zama abin damuwa ga kowa".]", Daily Monitor, 31 Maris 2013. == Manazarta == {{Authority control}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://anenah.wordpress.com/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Ƴar jaridar Uganda]] [[Rukuni:Ƴar jarida]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan labarai]] f8z4aukxv7wcdjcomrh4sgvlta0j33u 0 102808 975166 969246 2026-11-02T13:22:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Elgin_Marbles_4.jpg|thumb|314x314px|Yammacin Yamma, II, 2]] '''Elgin Marbles''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|l|ɡ|ɪ|n}} {{respell|ELG|in}}) tarin siffofin Girka ne na Dā daga Parthenon da sauran gine-gine daga Acropolis na [[Athens]], an cire su daga Ottoman Girka a farkon ƙarni na 19 kuma an tura su zuwa Burtaniya ta hanyar wakilan Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, kuma yanzu ana gudanar da su a [[Gidan kayan tarihi na Biritaniya|Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya]] a London. Yawancin siffofin an halicce su ne a karni na 5 BC a karkashin jagorancin mai zane-zane da masanin gine-gine Phidias. Kalmar Parthenon ''Marbles na Parthenon'' Sculptures (Girkanci) tana nufin siffofi - frieze, metopes da pediments - daga Parthenon da aka gudanar a cikin tarin daban-daban, musamman Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya da Gidan Tarihin Acropolis a Athens.{{Sfn|Jenkins|2016}} Daga shekarar 1801 zuwa 1812, wakilan Elgin sun cire kusan rabin siffofin Parthenon da suka tsira, da kuma siffofi daga Erechtheion, Haikali na Athena Nike da Propylaia, sun tura su zuwa Burtaniya don ƙoƙarin kafa gidan kayan gargajiya mai zaman kansa. Elgin ya bayyana cewa ya cire siffofin tare da izinin jami'an Ottoman waɗanda ke da iko a Athens a lokacin. An yi jayayya game da halattaccen ayyukan Elgin.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=}}</ref> Kasancewarsu a Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya shine batun jayayya ta duniya. A Burtaniya, wasu sun goyi bayan sayen tarin, <ref name="Casey22">{{Cite web |last=Casey |first=Christopher |date=30 October 2008 |title="Grecian Grandeurs and the Rude Wasting of Old Time": Britain, the Elgin Marbles, and Post-Revolutionary Hellenism |url=http://ww2.jhu.edu/foundations/?p=8 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513053304/http://ww2.jhu.edu/foundations/?p=8 |archive-date=13 May 2009 |access-date=25 June 2009 |website=Foundations. Volume III, Number 1}}</ref> yayin da wasu, kamar Lord Byron, suka kwatanta ayyukan Elgin da lalata ko fashi. Wani bincike na majalisar dokokin Burtaniya a cikin 1816 ya kammala cewa Elgin ya sami marmara bisa doka. Elgin ya sayar da su ga gwamnatin Burtaniya a wannan shekarar, bayan haka suka shiga cikin amincin Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya. A shekara ta 1983, gwamnatin Girka ta nemi gwamnatin Burtaniya ta mayar da su Girka kuma ta lissafa takaddamar tare da [[UNESCO]]. Gwamnatin Burtaniya da Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya sun ki amincewa da tayin UNESCO na sulhu. A cikin 2021, UNESCO ta yi kira ga gwamnatin Burtaniya da ta warware matsalar a matakin gwamnati.<ref name=":202">{{Cite web |date=September 2021 |title=Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its Restitution in Case of Illicit Appropriation Twenty-Second SessionParis, UNESCO Headquarters, Room XI27-29 September 2021DECISIONS |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379856/PDF/379856eng.pdf.multi |access-date=8 January 2023 |website=UNESCO}}</ref> Gwamnatin Girka da magoya bayan dawowar marmara zuwa Girka sun yi jayayya cewa an samo su ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma ba bisa ka-ida ba, cewa suna da muhimmancin al'adu na musamman ga Girka, kuma za a fi godiya da darajar al'adunsu a cikin nuni na jama'a tare da sauran manyan kayan tarihi na Parthenon a Gidan Tarihin Acropolis. Gwamnatin Burtaniya da Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya sun yi jayayya cewa an samo su bisa doka, cewa dawowarsu za ta kafa misali wanda zai iya lalata tarin manyan gidajen tarihi na al'adun duniya, kuma tarin Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya yana ba su damar kallo a cikin mahallin wasu manyan al'adun tsohuwar kuma ta haka ne ya cika hangen nesa da Gidan kayan gargajiya na Acropolis ya bayar. Tattaunawar tsakanin jami'an Burtaniya da Girka suna ci gaba. == Sunan == An sanya sunan Elgin Marbles ne bayan 7th Earl na Elgin, wanda, tsakanin 1801 da 1812, ya kula da cire su daga Parthenon, Erechtheion, Haikali na Athena Nike da Propylaia da jigilar su zuwa Ingila.<ref name=":233">{{Cite web |title=The Parthenon Sculptures |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/parthenon-sculptures |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=The British Museum}}</ref> Ta hanyar dokar majalisa, Dokar Gidan Tarihi ta Burtaniya ta 1816, an canja tarin zuwa Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya a kan yanayin da za a kiyaye shi tare kuma a kira shi "Elgin Marbles". Kalmar "Parthenon Marbles" ko "Parthenor Sculptures" tana nufin siffofi da siffofin gine-gine da aka cire musamman daga Parthenon.{{Sfn|Jenkins|2016}} Wadannan a halin yanzu ana gudanar da su a gidajen tarihi bakwai a duniya, musamman Gidan Tarihi na Acropolis da Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya. Kalmar "Parthenon Sculptures" ana amfani da ita a wannan ma'anar ta Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya da gwamnatin Girka.<ref name=":233" /> [[Mario Trabucco della Torretta]] ya yi jayayya cewa yayin da "Elgin Marbles" shine sunan doka na tarin, waɗanda ke ba da shawarar maidowa sun fi son "Parthenon Sculptures".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trabucco della Torretta |first=Mario |date=1 December 2023 |title=What's in a collection of Ancient Greek sculptures' name? |url=https://thecritic.co.uk/whats-in-a-collection-of-ancient-greek-sculptures-name/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=The Critic}}</ref> == Tarihi == An gina Parthenon a kan Acropolis na Athens daga 447 KZ a matsayin haikalin allahiya Athena . Wataƙila Phidias ne ke da alhakin ƙirar siffar. A cikin ƙarni masu zuwa an canza ginin zuwa coci da masallaci kuma an lalata siffofin sosai, kodayake ginin ya kasance mai kyau.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=}}</ref> A lokacin Yaƙin Ottoman-Venetian na shida (1684-1699) , Turks masu karewa sun karfafa Acropolis kuma sun yi amfani da Parthenon a matsayin kantin sayar da bindiga. A ranar 26 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1687, wani bindigogi na Venetian ya kunna gunpowder, kuma fashewar da ta haifar ta hura yankin tsakiya na Parthenon kuma ta sa ganuwar cella ta rushe cikin rushewa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mommsen |first=Theodor E. |year=1941 |title=The Venetians in Athens and the Destruction of the Parthenon in 1687 |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=544–556 |doi=10.2307/499533 |jstor=499533}}</ref> Uku daga cikin ganuwar huɗu sun rushe, ko kusan haka, kuma kusan kashi uku cikin biyar na siffofin daga frieze sun fadi.<ref name="Chatziaslani">{{Cite web |last=Chatziaslani |first=Kornilia |title=Morosini in Athens |url=http://www.eie.gr/archaeologia/En/chapter_more_8.aspx |access-date=14 August 2012 |publisher=Archaeology of the City of Athens}}</ref> Kimanin mutane 300 ne suka mutu a fashewar, wanda ya zubar da raguwar marmara a wani muhimmin yanki.<ref name="Tomkinson2">{{Cite web |last=Tomkinson |first=John L. |title=Venetian Athens: Venetian Interlude (1684–1689) |url=http://www.anagnosis.gr/index.php?la=eng&pageID=217 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221546/http://www.anagnosis.gr/index.php?la=eng&pageID=217 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=14 August 2012 |publisher=Anagnosis Books}}</ref> A cikin ƙarni na gaba da rabi, an cire ɓangarorin sauran tsarin don kayan gini kuma an cire abubuwa masu daraja da yawa.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last3=}}</ref> == Samun == [[Fayil:East_pediment_O_Parthenon_BM_n2.jpg|thumb|Parthenon Selene Horse]] [[Fayil:The_Parthenon_sculptures,_British_Museum_(14063376069)_(2)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Metope daga Elgin Marbles wanda ke nuna Centaur da Lapith suna fada]] A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1798, an nada Earl na Elgin a matsayin "Ambassador na Musamman da Minista Plenipotentiary na Mai Girma na Britaniya zuwa Babban Ƙofar Selim III, Sultan na Turkiyya" (Greece a lokacin wani ɓangare ne na Daular Ottoman). Kafin ya tashi don ɗaukar mukamin, ya kusanci jami'an gwamnatin Burtaniya don yin tambaya idan za su yi sha'awar daukar masu zane-zane don ɗaukar zane-zane da zane-zane na sassan da aka [[sassaƙa]] na Parthenon. A cewar Elgin, "amsawar Gwamnati ... gaba ɗaya ba ta da kyau. "<ref name="Casey22"/>&nbsp; Elgin ya yanke shawarar aiwatar da aikin da kansa, kuma ya yi amfani da masu zane-zane don ɗaukar zane-zane da zane-zane a ƙarƙashin kulawar mai zane-zane na kotu na Neapolitan, Giovanni Lusieri . <ref name="Casey22"/> Kodayake ainihin niyyarsa shine kawai don yin rubuce-rubuce, a cikin 1801 Elgin ya fara cire kayan daga Parthenon da gine-ginen da ke kewaye da shi a ƙarƙashin kulawar Lusieri. A cewar wani dan kasar Turkiyya, ana ƙone siffofin marmara da suka fadi don samun lemun tsami don gini, kuma idan aka kwatanta da zane-zanen da aka buga a baya ya rubuta yanayin saurin lalacewar ragowar.<ref name="Casey22" /> An kuma cire ɓangarori daga Erechtheion, Propylaia, da Haikali na Athena Nike, duk a cikin Acropolis.<ref name=":233"/> An kawo su daga Girka zuwa [[Malta]], sannan kuma mai kula da Burtaniya, inda suka kasance shekaru da yawa har sai an kai su Burtaniya. An kammala tonowa da cirewa a cikin 1812 a farashin kansa ga Elgin na £ 74,240 <ref name="Casey22"/> (daidai da £ {{Inflation|UK-GDP|70000|1812|fmt=c|r=-4}} a cikin fam {{Inflation-year|UK-GDP}}). Elgin ya yi niyyar amfani da marmara don inganta fasahar Burtaniya, kuma burinsa na ƙarshe shine Gwamnati ta saya musu. Don gina shari'ar don kashe kuɗin jama'a, Elgin ya sayi gida a London kuma ya kafa siffofin a can a matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya mai zaman kansa, yana mai da su ga masu zane-zane, kuma a ƙarshe, jama'a. Elgin ya ci gaba da tattaunawa don sayar da tarin ga Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya a 1811, amma tattaunawar ta gaza lokacin da gwamnati ta ba da £ 30,000 kawai; kasa da rabin kuɗin da ya kashe game da su. Shekaru masu zuwa sun nuna karuwar sha'awar Girka ta gargajiya, kuma Elgin ya sami shaidu daga Ennio Quirino Visconti, darektan Louvre, da Antonio Canova na Gidan Tarihi na Vatican, waɗanda suka tabbatar da babban darajar fasaha na marmara. A cikin 1816, Kwamitin Zaɓin House of Commons, wanda aka kafa a buƙatar Ubangiji Elgin, ya gano cewa suna da ƙimar fasaha kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa gwamnati ta sayi su don £ 35,000 don ci gaba da noma zane-zane a Burtaniya. A watan Yunin 1816, bayan ci gaba da muhawara, majalisa ta amince da sayen marmara ta hanyar kuri'un 82-30. An canja marmara zuwa Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta. ==Bayani== [[File:Parthenon_section_annotated.svg|thumb|Rubutacciyar zane ta Parthenon tare da ɓangarorin da aka rufe a Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya]] Duwatsun marmara da Elgin ya mallaka sun haɗa da adadi kusan 21 daga sassaka-sassaka daga gabas da yammacin pediment, 15 daga cikin asali 92 metope panels da ke nuna yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Lapiths da centaurs, da kuma mita 75 na Parthenon frieze wanda ya yi waɗanda aka shimfida a sama da ciki na ginin haikalin ado. A saboda haka, suna wakiltar fiye da rabi na abin da ya rage na kayan ado na sassaka na Parthenon.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2023 |title=Sassan Sassaka na Parthenon |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/parthenon-sculptures |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=The British Museum}}</ref> Kayan mallakar Elgin sun kuma haɗa da abubuwa daga sauran gine-gine a kan Acropolis na Athens – wani caryatid daga Erechtheion; allunan huɗu daga shinge frieze na Haikalin Athena Nike; da kuma wasu gungu na sauran gutsuttsarin gine-gine na Parthenon, Propylaia, Erechtheion, da Haikalin Athena Nike – da kuma Taskar Atreus a Mycenae.<ref name=":1" /> Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya ya kuma riƙe ƙarin gutsuttsari daga Acropolis, wanda aka samu daga tarin daban-daban ba tare da alaƙa da Elgin ba, kamar na Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois,<ref>{{cite web | date=24 September 2024 | title=Rubutun Katalo na Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya don abu 1840.1111.5 | url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1840-1111-5 | website= The British Museum}}</ref> William Cavendish, Duke na Devonshire na 6,<ref>{{cite web | date=24 September 2024 |title=Rubutun Katalo na Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya don abu 1854.0513.1 |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1854-0513-1| website= The British Museum}}</ref> da kuma Society of Dilettanti.<ref>{{cite web | date=24 September 2024 |title=Rubutun Katalo na Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya don abu 1816.0610.29-30a | url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1816-0610-29-30-a | website= The British Museum}}</ref> == Halascin Cirewa daga Athens == A watan Fabrairun 1816, Kwamitin Zaɓe na Majalisar Dokoki ya gudanar da sauraron jama'a kan ko Elgin ya mallaki duwatsun marmara a bisa doka kuma ko ya kamata gwamnati ta saye su.<ref name=":4" /> A cikin shaidar sa ga kwamitin,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rahoto daga Kwamitin Zaɓe na Majalisar Dokoki kan tarin duwatsun marmara na Earl na Elgin; &c |url=https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008272383/page/n39/mode/2up |access-date=13 January 2023 |website=Internet Archive}}</ref> Elgin ya bayyana cewa aikin wakilansa a Acropolis, da kuma cire duwatsun marmara, an ba da izini ta hanyar firman (kalmar da matafiya na Yamma ke amfani da ita don nuna duk wani umarni na Ottoman) daga gwamnatin Ottoman da aka samu a watan Yulin 1801, kuma an gudanar da shi tare da amincewar voivode (gwamnan farar hula na Athens) da dizdar (kwamandan sojoji na sansanin Acropolis). A watan Maris na 1810, an sami wani firman, wanda ya ba da izinin jigilar duwatsun marmara na biyu daga Athens zuwa Biritaniya.<ref>Williams (2009). p. 23</ref> Elgin ya gaya wa kwamitin, "an yi wannan abu a fili a gaban dukan duniya... kuma dukan hukumomin yankin suna da hannu a ciki, haka kuma gwamnatin Turkiyya".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Williams |first=Dyfri |date=2009 |title=Firman Lord Elgin |journal=Journal of the History of Collections |pages=1–28}}</ref> Kwamitin ya wanke Elgin daga dukkan zarge-zargen cewa ya mallaki duwatsun marmara ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma ya yi amfani da ikonsa a matsayin jakada.<ref name=":4" /> Labarin Elgin na abubuwan da suka faru, duk da haka, ya kasance mai rikitarwa. Ba a sami rikodin hukuma na firman na Yuli 1801 a cikin rumbunan adana bayanai na Turkiyya ba.<ref name="Nation2">{{cite journal |author1=David Rudenstein |date=29 May 2000 |title=Shin Elgin Ya Ci Gaba da Marnar? |journal=Nation |volume=270 |issue=21 |page=30 |quote=Duk da haka babu wani mai bincike da ya taɓa gano wannan takarda ta Ottoman kuma lokacin da nake Istanbul na bincika a banza don shi ko kowane kwafi na shi, ko kowane nassi a gare shi a cikin wasu nau'ikan takardu ko bayanin sharuɗɗan sa na asali a cikin kowane takarda na hukuma mai alaƙa. Ko da yake wani takarda na wani nau'i na iya wanzu, da alama ya ɓace cikin iska, duk da cewa rumbunan adana bayanai na Ottoman suna ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na irin waɗannan takardu daga lokacin.}}</ref> Fassarar Italiyanci na firman da aka ce tana hannun Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya, kuma an gabatar da fassarar Ingilishi ga Kwamitin Zaɓe na 1816.<ref name=":2">St Clair, William: Lord Elgin and the Marbles. Oxford University Press, US, 3rd ed., (1998)</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=firman |url=http://www.parthenon.newmentor.net/firman.htm |work=newmentor.net}}</ref> Takardar ta bayyana a wani ɓangare,<ref>Williams (2009). pp. 6–7</ref> {{Blockquote |cewa a rubuta kuma a umurce cewa waɗancan masu zane [mutanen Elgin] yayin da suke shiga da fita ta ƙofar Gidan Gari, wanda shine wurin lura da su, wajen kafa scaffolder a kusa da tsohuwar haikalin Gumaka [Parthenon], da ɗaukar hotuna a cikin farar ƙasa (wato plaster) na waɗancan kayan ado iri ɗaya, da kuma lambobi masu bayyane, wajen auna ragowar sauran gine-gine da suka ruguje, kuma a cikin shiga don tono, gwargwadon buƙata, tushe don samun duk wani tubalin da aka rubuta, wanda wataƙila an adana shi a cikin tarkace, kada a dame su, ko kuma a hana su ta kowace hanya ta Kwamandan Gidan, ko wani mutum, kuma kada wani ya tsoma baki da scaffolderinsu, da kayan aiki, waɗanda suka iya yi a wurin; kuma idan suna son ɗauke wasu gutsutsuren dutse tare da tsoffin rubutu, da lambobi, kada a yi musu hamayya.}} Vassilis Demetriades, na Jami'ar Crete, ya nuna cewa takardar ba firman ba ce (dokar daga Sultan), ko buyuruldi (umarni daga Babban Vizier), amma mektub (wasika ta hukuma) daga Babban Vizier mai riƙo na Sultan wanda ba shi da ƙarfin doka.<ref name="firman23">{{cite web |last=Demetriades |first=Vassilis |title=Shin cire duwatsun marmara ya kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba? |url=http://www.parthenon.newmentor.net/illegal.htm |work=newmentor.net}}</ref> Dyfri Williams ya bayyana cewa ko da yake takardar ba firman ba ce a ma'anar fasaha, an yi amfani da kalmar sosai a cikin da'irar diflomasiyya da kotu don nufin takardun hukuma daban-daban na Ottoman. Ya nuna cewa takardar wataƙila buyuruldi ce, amma "Duk abin da takardar ta kasance, a fili dole ne a bi ta, kuma an bi ta."<ref>Williams (2009). pp. 8–12</ref> Mai tarihi Edhem Eldem ya kuma goyi bayan yiwuwar ingancin takardar kuma ya kira ta firman a ma'anar kalmar mai faɗi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Eldem |first=Edhem |date=2011 |editor-last1=Barani |editor-first1=Zainab |editor-last2=Celik |editor-first2=Zeynep |editor-last3=Eldem |editor-first3=Edhem |title=Scramble for the Past. A Story of Archaeology in the Ottoman Empire, 1753–1914 |publisher=Istanbul, SALT |pages=281–328 |chapter=Daga Rashin Kulawa zuwa Damuwa Mai Zafi: Tunanin Ottoman Game da Tsoffin Abubuwa, 1799–1869 |isbn=}}</ref> [[File:Parthenon pediment statues.jpg|thumb|Sassaka daga gabas pediment]] Akwai muhawara kan ko takardar ta ba da izinin wakilan Elgin su cire sassaka da aka haɗa da Parthenon da sauran gine-gine. Demetriades, David Rudenstine da sauran sun nuna cewa takardar ta ba da izinin ƙungiyar Elgin su cire kayan tarihi da aka samu daga tono da aka yarda da su, ba waɗanda har yanzu an haɗa su da gine-gine ba.<ref name="firman23"/><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Rudenstein |first=David |date=29 May 2000 |title=Shin Elgin Ya Ci Gaba da Marnar? |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Did+Elgin+Cheat+at+Marbles%3F-a062102045 |journal=The Nation}}</ref> Williams ya nuna cewa takardar ta kasance "mai buɗaɗɗiya" kuma gwamnan farar hula ya yarda da fassarar limamin coci Philip Hunt—wanda aka haɗa da ƙungiyar a matsayin limamin Elgin—wanda ya ba su damar cire sassaka da aka haɗe da gine-gine.<ref>Williams (2009). p. 20</ref> Beard ya kammala, "Babu yadda za a yi a sami amsa ta hanyar nazarin rubutun. Kamar yadda yake faruwa sau da yawa tare da takardun da aka aiko daga babban ofis, ainihin fassarar zai dogara ga mutanen da ke aiwatar da umarnin a wurin."<ref>Beard (2002). p. 91</ref> Masani a fannin shari'a John Henry Merryman ya nuna cewa takardar ta samar da "karamin ikon" kawai don cire sassaka, amma a bisa doka an tabbatar da ayyukan Elgin ta hanyar halin jami'an Ottoman. A cikin 1802, jami'an Ottoman a Constantinople sun ba da takardu ga gwamnan farar hula da kwamandan sojoji na Athens suna tabbatar da halinsu kuma, a watan Maris na 1810, sun ba da umarni wanda ya ba Elgin damar jigilar kayan marmara daga Girka zuwa Biritaniya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Merryman |first=John |date=1985 |title=Tunanin Game da Elgin Marbles |url=https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol83/iss8/3/ |journal=Michigan Law Review |volume=83 |issue=8 |pages=1899|doi=10.2307/1288954 |jstor=1288954 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Masani a fannin shari'a Catharine Titi ta bayyana cewa Sir Robert Adair ya ruwaito cewa Ottoman a cikin 1811 "gaba ɗaya sun musanta" cewa Elgin yana da wata kadara a cikin sassaka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Titi |first=Catharine |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-26357-6 |title=Parthenon Marbles da Dokokin Duniya |date=2023 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-031-26356-9 |pages=79–81 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-26357-6}}</ref> Masanin shari'a Alexander Herman da mai tarihi Edhem Eldem sun bayyana cewa takardun da ke cikin rumbunan adana bayanai na Turkiyya sun nuna cewa wannan musantawa ta kasance kawai dabarar jinkiri ce saboda dalilai na diflomasiyya, kuma Porte daga baya ya ba da izinin jigilar duwatsun marmara zuwa Biritaniya daga baya a cikin 1811.<ref>{{cite book |last=Herman |first=Alexander |author-link= |url= |title=Rikicin Elgin Marbles |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2023 |isbn=978-1509967179 |edition= |place=London |pages=45–46}}</ref><ref>BOA, HAT 1277/49548, AH 1225 (AD 1810), an ambato a Eldem (2011), p. 292</ref> Wasu shaidu da suka ga cire duwatsun marmara daga Acropolis, ciki har da membobin ƙungiyar Elgin, sun bayyana cewa ana buƙatar cin hanci mai tsada da kyauta ga jami'an yankin don tabbatar da ci gaban aikin su.<ref name="Edward Daniel Clarke 1818 223ff2">{{Cite book |first=Edward Daniel |last=Clarke |title=Tafiya a Ƙasashe daban-daban na Turai, Asiya da Afirka Sashe na Biyu Girka Masar da Ƙasa Mai Tsarki Sashe na Biyu Bugu na Huɗu Volume na Shida |publisher=T. Cadell |year=1818 |location=London |page=223ff}}</ref> An ba da shawarar cewa "ɗan kuɗi kaɗan" aka biya wa disdar, kuma kawai don jawo shi ya ci gaba da aikin. Ba a taɓa ambaton kuɗi don fara aikin ba, wanda shine saboda izini na hukuma.<ref>Williams (2019). pp. 13, 19</ref> Merryman ya nuna cewa cin hanci ba zai sa mallakar duwatsun marmara ta zama ba bisa ka'ida ba ta hanyar ƙa'idodin lokacin:<ref>Merryman (1985). p. 1901–1902</ref> {{Blockquote|Ottoman da aka ci hanci su ne jami'an da ke da alhakin. Ko menene dalilinsu, suna da ikon doka don aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan. A lokaci da kuma a cikin al'ada inda jami'ai ke buƙatar cin hanci a kai a kai don aiwatar da ayyukansu na doka (kamar yadda har yanzu yake faruwa a yawancin duniya a yau), gaskiyar cewa an yi cin hanci ba wani babban la'akari na doka bane.}} Rudenstine, ya bayyana cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tantance ko, a lokacin, cin hanci zai zama muhimmiyar la'akari ta doka a irin waɗannan hada-hadar hukuma a ƙarƙashin dokar Ottoman ko ta Biritaniya.<ref>Rudenstine (1999) p. 370</ref> Herman ya nuna cewa cin hancin jami'ai ya kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba a ƙarƙashin dokar Biritaniya da ta Ottoman a lokacin, amma cewa Porte bai ɗauki mataki a kan jami'ansa a Athens ba kuma saboda haka ya jure ayyukansu a hankali.<ref>{{cite book |last=Herman |first=Alexander |author-link= |url= |title=Rikicin Elgin Marbles |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2023 |isbn=978-1509967179 |edition= |place=London |pages=46–48}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2024, wani kakakin Turkiyya, wanda shine magajin ko jihar Ottoman mai ci,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Öktem |first=Emre |date=August 2011 |title=Turkiyya: Magajin ko Jihar Ottoman Mai Ci? |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/turkey-successor-or-continuing-state-of-the-ottoman-empire/B3512009F20CED7173E9D27E37A5EE83 |journal=Leiden Journal of International Law |language=en |volume=24 |issue=3 |page=561 |doi=10.1017/S0922156511000252 |issn=1478-9698|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ya musanta sanin firman kuma ya bayyana cewa Turkiyya tana goyon bayan dawo da duwatsun marmara. Kakakin ya bayyana cewa "masu mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya" ne suka cire duwatsun marmara, ya ƙara da cewa: "Ba na tunanin akwai wani wuri don tattauna halascin sa, har ma a lokacin kuma a ƙarƙashin dokar lokacin."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zois |first=Nikolas |date=4 June 2024 |title=Turkiyya ta musanta firman da ta ba Lord Elgin haƙƙin sayar da Sassakan Parthenon |url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/culture/1240571/turkey-denies-firman-giving-lord-elgin-rights-to-sell-parthenon-sculptures/ |access-date=4 June 2024 |work=Kathimerini}}</ref> A martani, masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi Mario Trabucco della Torretta ya bayyana cewa masana sun ɗauka cewa kwafin firman na Biritaniya na gaske ne kuma ana iya jayayya cewa ya ba Elgin izinin cire sassakan.<ref name=":14">{{cite news |last=Trabucco della Torretta |first=Mario|date= 19 August 2024|title=Kada mu rasa Marnarmu! |url=https://www.pressreader.com/uk/daily-express/20240819/282110641929563?srsltid=AfmBOorQtcw0t7cXAs-LtFeYs0OvLCkm-sgXtQ_D2VF6X6IuYIyEJwIr |work= Daily Express |access-date= 24 September 2024}}</ref> ==Martani a zamanin Elgin{{anchor | Criticism by Elgin's contemporaries}}== A shekarar 1807, lokacin da Elgin ya nuna jigilar farko ta marmara a birnin London<ref name="Jenkins 2016. p. 102">Jenkins (2016). p. 102</ref>, an karɓe su da hannu biyu a wurin da yawa<ref name="Casey22"/> waɗanda suka yaba da sassaken kuma suka goyi bayan isowar su. Mai sassaka John Flaxman ya ce sun fi "dukiyar Italiya" kyau,<ref name=":12">Jenkins (2016). pp. 102–104</ref>, yayin da Benjamin West ya kira su da "misalan gwanancewar sassaka mafi tsarki".<ref>William St Clair (1967). p. 167</ref> Henry Fuseli ya nuna farin ciki sosai, kuma abokinsa Benjamin Haydon ya zama mai rajin bayyana muhimmancin su.<ref>{{Cite book |last=St. Clair |first=William |title=Lord Elgin and the Marbles |publisher=Oxford |year=1967 |edition=1st |location=London |pages=169–172}}</ref> Amma masana tarihin gargajiya kamar Richard Payne Knight sun ce marmaran ayyukan mutanen Romawa ne ko kuma na ƙananan masu fasaha, yayin da mai zane Ozias Humphrey ya ce su "tarkace ne kawai".<ref name=":12" /> Lord Byron, bayan shekaru kaɗan, ya ƙi amincewa da dauke marmaran daga Girka, inda ya kira Elgin da mai lalata tarihi.<ref name="BritA2">Encyclopædia Britannica, ''The Acropolis'', p. 6/20, 2008, O.Ed.</ref> A cikin waƙarsa ''Childe Harold's Pilgrimage'' da aka buga a shekarar 1812, ya rubuta game da Parthenon:<ref>{{cite news |date=14 July 2014 |title=The story of the Elgin Marbles |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |url=http://www.elginism.com/20040720/90/ |url-status=dead |access-date=25 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025153529/http://www.elginism.com/20040720/90/ |archive-date=25 October 2011}}</ref> {{poemquote|Dull is the eye that will not weep to see Thy walls defaced, thy mouldering shrines removed By British hands, which it had best behoved To guard those relics ne'er to be restored. Curst be the hour when from their isle they roved, And once again thy hapless bosom gored, And snatch'd thy shrinking gods to northern climes abhorred!}} Byron ba shi kaɗai ne ya soki cire marmaran ba a lokacin. Sir John Newport ya ce:<ref name="newsweek stones22">{{cite magazine |title=Romancing the Stones |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/200852 |magazine=Newsweek |access-date=25 June 2009}}</ref>{{blockquote|Mai daraja Lord ya ci gajiyar wata hanya marar adalci kuma ya aikata wata babbar fashin kaya. Da alama, abin bakin ciki ne cewa wakilin ƙasarmu ne ya kwashe abubuwan da Turawa da wasu barbarai suka ɗauka a matsayin tsarkaka.}} Edward Daniel Clarke wanda ya shaida cire metopes ya kira aikin "lalata", inda ya ce "hakanan ginin haikalin ya sami rauni fiye da wanda ya sha daga harin sojojin Venice", kuma cewa "ba wani daga cikin ma’aikatan da suka yi aikin ba... da bai nuna damuwarsa ba kan irin wannan lalacewar da aka yi bayan an riga an yi kwafin duk sassaken da ake son cirewa."<ref name="Edward Daniel Clarke 1818 223ff2" /> Lokacin da Sir Francis Ronalds ya ziyarci birnin Athens da Giovanni Battista Lusieri a 1820, ya rubuta cewa "Da Lord Elgin na da ɗanɗano na gaskiya maimakon son mallakar dukiya, da ya cire tarkace ne kawai ya bar kayan tarihi".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ronalds |first=B.F. |title=Sir Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph |publisher=Imperial College Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-78326-917-4 |location=London |page=60}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir Francis Ronalds' Travel Journal: Athens |url=http://www.sirfrancisronalds.co.uk/athens.html |access-date=22 February 2018 |website=Sir Francis Ronalds and his Family}}</ref> [[File:Temporary Elgin Room at the Museum in 1819.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|''The Trustees in the Temporary Elgin Room, 1819'', by Archibald Archer, depicts the Elgin Marbles at the British Museum surrounded by museum staff, a trustee, and visitors]] A shekarar 1810, Elgin ya fitar da wata kariya ga aikinsa, inda ya bayyana cewa bai yanke shawarar cire marmaran ba sai da ya gane cewa jami'an Daular Ottoman ba sa kula da su yadda ya kamata kuma suna fuskantar barazanar fada hannun sojojin Napoleon.<ref>St Clair (1967). p. 182</ref><ref name="BritB2">''Encyclopædia Britannica'', "Elgin Marbles", 2008, online ed.</ref> Felicia Hemans ta goyi bayan sayen marmaran, a cikin waƙarta ''Modern Greece: A Poem'' (1817), ta kalubalanci Byron da tambaya: {{poemquote|And who may grieve that, rescued from their hands, Spoilers of excellence and foes of art, Thy relics, Athens! borne to other lands Claim homage still to thee from every heart?}} ta kuma ambaci Haydon da wasu masu goyon bayan samun damar kallon su a cikin bayaninta.<ref>''Modern Greece'', London 1817, [https://books.google.com/books?id=A1QVAAAAQAAJ pp. 45, 65–66]</ref> Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ya yi imanin cewa shawarar gwamnati ta Burtaniya na sayen marmaran zai buɗe sabon zamani na fasaha mai kyau.<ref name=":0" /> An fara nuna marmaran a cikin ɗakin wucin gadi a Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya a 1817 kuma sun kafa sabon tarihin yawan baƙi.<ref>Jenkins (2016). p. 110</ref> John Keats ya ziyarci gidan tarihin a 1817, ya bayyana yadda ya ji a cikin sonnet mai taken "On Seeing the Elgin Marbles". Ana ɗaukar wasu baitocin "Ode on a Grecian Urn" nasa cewa sun samo asali daga wannan ziyarar.<ref name=":0">Beard (2002) p. 16</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chamberlain |first=Tim |date=2005 |title=The Elusive Urn |url=https://www.academia.edu/1532559 |journal=The British Museum Magazine |issue=52 |pages=36–38 |access-date=2025-06-21 |archive-date=2025-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120033515/https://www.academia.edu/1532559 |url-status=dead }}</ref> William Wordsworth shima ya kalla marmaran kuma ya bayyana jin daɗinsa game da kyawun su a cikin wata wasiƙa da ya aike wa Haydon.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Andrew |last=Bennett |title=William Wordsworth in Context |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |page=304}}</ref> Daga baya, an nuna marmaran a cikin ɗakin da aka gina musamman mai suna Elgin Saloon (1832), kuma suka zama samfurin da ake amfani da su wajen horar da masu fasahar zane. Ana buƙata sosai ga kwafin su na filasta kuma an raba su ga gidajen tarihi, masu tarin kayan tarihi masu zaman kansu da shugabannin ƙasashe a duniya.<ref name=":5">Jenkins (2016). p. 111</ref><ref name=":7">Beard (2002). pp. 16–18</ref> An ƙara mayar da su zuwa Duveen Gallery, wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan Joseph Duveen, a 1939, inda suka ci gaba da jawo yawancin baƙi.<ref name="Casey22" /> == Lalacewa == === Zamanin Farko da Zamanin Byzantine === Wani lokaci bayan an mayar da Parthenon coci a ƙarni na 6 AD, Kiristoci sun ɓata metopes na arewa, yamma da gabas na Parthenon don cire hotunan gumakan arna. Lalacewar ta kasance mai girma har ba za a iya gano hotunan da ke kan metopes da abin ya shafa ba tare da tabbaci ba.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schwab |first=Katherine A |title=The Parthenon, daga Tsohuwar Duniya zuwa Yanzu |url=https://archive.org/details/parthenonfromant0000unse |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-521-82093-6 |editor-last=Neils |editor-first=Jennifer |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/parthenonfromant0000unse/page/165 165] |chapter=Bikin Nasara: Metopes na Parthenon}}</ref><ref>Robert Ousterhout (2005) "'Bestride the Very Peak of Heaven': The Parthenon bayan Tsohuwar Duniya." A cikin Neils (ed). ''The Parthenon, daga Tsohuwar Duniya zuwa Yanzu.'' pp. 306–307</ref> === Venetians === [[File:Elgin Marbles east pediment.jpg|thumb|Sassaka daga Gabas Pediment]] Harbin Venetian na Parthenon a 1687 ya lalata yawancin sassaka, ciki har da wasu daga cikin waɗanda Elgin ya cire daga baya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://traumwerk.stanford.edu:3455/Archaeopaedia/198 |title=Stanford Archaeopaedia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314025855/http://traumwerk.stanford.edu:3455/Archaeopaedia/198 |archive-date=14 March 2008}}</ref> Ƙarin lalacewa ga fasahar Parthenon ta faru lokacin da janar na Venetian Francesco Morosini ya yi ƙoƙarin cire wasu manyan sassaka. A lokacin aikin, sassaka na Poseidon da dawakai biyu na keken Athena sun faɗi kuma sun farfashe. An cire sassaka da gutsutsuri da yawa ta hanyar Venetians.<ref name=":13"/> === Elgin === Elgin ya tattauna da mai sassaka ɗan ƙasar Italiya Antonio Canova a 1803 kan yadda za a gyara duwatsun marmara. Wasu sun ɗauki Canova a matsayin mafi kyawun mai gyaran sassaka a duniya a lokacin; Elgin ya rubuta cewa Canova ya ƙi yin aiki a kan duwatsun marmara saboda tsoron ƙara lalata su.<ref name="Casey22"/> Don sauƙaƙe jigilar kayayyaki ta Elgin, an yanke manyan ginshiƙan ginshiƙai da yawa na metopes da frieze slabs daga babban tsarin ko kuma an yanke su zuwa ƙananan sassa, wanda ya haifar da lalacewa maras gyaruwa ga Parthenon kanta.<ref name="Greek Ministry of Culture: Memorandum on the Parthenon Marbles">{{Cite news |url=http://www.yppo.gr/4/marm/memorandum-gr.pdf |title=Memorandum na Gwamnatin Girka |publisher=Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Girka |access-date=19 October 2014 |archive-date=19 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019102204/http://www.yppo.gr/4/marm/memorandum-gr.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/arts/design/28ouro.html?_r=3&pagewanted=1&oref=slogin Inda Alloli Ke Kwadayi ga Taskokin da Aka Daɗe da Rasa] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016235933/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/arts/design/28ouro.html?_r=3&pagewanted=1&oref=slogin |date=16 October 2015}}, ''The New York Times''</ref> Jirgin ruwa ɗaya na duwatsun marmara a cikin jirgin ruwan Burtaniya ''Mentor''<ref name="The Wreck of the Mentor on the Coast of the Island of Kythera and the Operation to Retrieve, Salvage, and Transport the Parthenon Sculptures to London">{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/376886 |title=Rushewar Mentor a Tekun Tsibirin Kythera da Aikin Ceto, Ajiye, da Jigilar Sassakan Parthenon zuwa London (1802–1805) |publisher=Arts Books, Athens|last1=Leontsinis |first1=George }}</ref> an kama shi a cikin guguwa a gabar Tekun Matapan a kudancin Girka kuma ya nutse kusa da Kythera, amma an ceto shi da kuɗin Earl na kansa;<ref name="British Museum releases">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/news_and_press_releases/statements/parthenon_sculptures/parthenon_-_facts_and_figures.aspx |title=Sassakan Parthenon |publisher=British Museum}}</ref> ya ɗauki shekaru biyu kafin a dawo da su saman ruwa. === Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya === [[File:Tools used for the cleaning of the Elgin Marbles.JPG|thumb|upright|Kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su don tsaftace duwatsun marmara a 1937–38<ref>Oddy, Andrew, Andrew Oddy The Conservation of Marble Sculptures in the British Museum before 1975 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402032539/http://www.iiconservation.org/publications/sic/2002/sic47abstracts.php |date=2 April 2016}}, '''47'''(3).</ref> ]] Abubuwan tarihi da aka ajiye a London sun sha wahala daga gurɓataccen yanayi na ƙarni na 19 wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na 20 kuma sun sha wahala maras gyaruwa ta hanyar tsoffin hanyoyin tsaftacewa da ma'aikatan Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya suka yi amfani da su.<ref>Oddy, Andrew, "The Conservation of Marble Sculptures in the British Museum before 1975", a cikin ''Studies in Conservation'', vol. 47, no. 3, (2002), pp. 145–146, Quote: "Duk da haka, na ɗan lokaci a ƙarshen shekarun 1930 an yi amfani da karfe don cire wuraren da suka lalace daga saman Elgin Marbles. An gabatar da sabon bayani game da wannan abin takaici."</ref> Tun farkon 1838, an nemi masanin kimiyya Michael Faraday ya samar da mafita ga matsalar lalacewar saman duwatsun marmara. Sakamakon an bayyana shi a cikin wannan sashin daga wasikar da ya aiko wa Henry Milman, kwamishinan National Gallery.<ref>Oddy, Andrew, "The Conservation of Marble Sculptures in the British Museum before 1975", a cikin ''Studies in Conservation'', vol. 47, no. 3, (2002), p. 146</ref><ref>Jenkins, I., '"Sir, suna goge Elgin Marbles!" – wasu tsabtace tsaka-tsaki na Sassakan Parthenon', ''Minerva'' 10(6) (1999) 43–45.</ref> <blockquote> Duwatsun marmara gabaɗaya sun kasance marasa tsafta sosai... daga tarin ƙura da hayaƙi.... Na sami jikin marmara a ƙarƙashin saman fari.... Amfani da ruwa, wanda aka shafa da soso ko zane mai laushi, ya cire datti mafi girma.... Amfani da laushi, gauraye mai yashi, tare da ruwa da gogewa, ko da yake ya fi sauri cire datti na sama, ya bar yawancin ciki a cikin saman marmara. Sa'an nan na shafa alkalis, duka carbonated da caustic; waɗannan sun hanzarta sassauta datti na sama... amma sun yi nisa da dawo da saman marmara zuwa launi da yanayin tsafta na asali. A ƙarshe na yi amfani da diluted nitric acid, kuma har wannan ya kasa.... Binciken ya sa na fidda rai game da yiwuwar gabatar da duwatsun marmara a Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya a cikin wannan yanayin tsabta da fari wanda suka mallaka tun asali.</blockquote> Wani ƙarin ƙoƙari na tsaftace duwatsun marmara ya biyo baya a 1858. Richard Westmacott, wanda aka naɗa mai kula da " motsi da tsaftace sassaka" a 1857, a cikin wasika da Kwamitin Tsayawa na Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya ya amince da shi a ranar 13 ga Maris 1858 ya kammala<ref>Oddy, Andrew, "The Conservation of Marble Sculptures in the British Museum before 1975", a cikin ''Studies in Conservation'', vol. 47, no. 3, (2002), p. 148</ref> <blockquote> Ina ganin wajibi ne in ce an lalata wasu daga cikin ayyukan sosai ta hanyar rashin sani ko rashin kulawa - da mai da alade - da kuma gyare-gyare a cikin kakin zuma da resin. Waɗannan kurakurai sun haifar da lalacewar launi. Zan yi ƙoƙari in gyara wannan ba tare da, duk da haka, neman kowane hadin gwiwa da zai iya lalata saman marmara ba.</blockquote> An yi wani ƙarin ƙoƙari na tsaftace duwatsun marmara a 1937–38. A wannan lokacin an samar da kwarin gwiwa ta hanyar gina sabon Gidan Tarihi don ajiye tarin. Pentelic marmara da aka haƙa daga Dutsen Pentelicus arewacin Athens, daga abin da aka yi sassaka, a zahiri yana samun launi mai ruwan goro mai kama da zuma idan aka fallasa shi ga iska; wannan launi ana yawan kiransa da "patina" na marmara<ref>Gardner, Ernest Arthur: Jagoran Sassakan Helenanci. An buga 1896 Macmillan; [https://web.archive.org/web/20200220080513/https://books.google.com/books/pdf/A_Handbook_of_Greek_Sculpture.pdf%3Fid%3DFZkCAAAAYAAJ%26output%3Dpdf%26sig%3DSxrIRuctayFp6t99OkFn_OoksOw]</ref> amma Lord Duveen, wanda ya ba da kuɗin daukacin aikin, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin ra'ayin cewa duwatsun marmara asali fari ne<ref name="oddy149">Oddy, Andrew, "The Conservation of Marble Sculptures in the British Museum before 1975", a cikin ''Studies in Conservation'', vol. 47, no. 3, (2002), p. 149</ref> wataƙila ya shirya wa ƙungiyar masu aikin dutse da ke aiki a aikin don cire lalacewar launi daga wasu sassaka. Kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su sune bakwai masu gogewa, chiseli ɗaya da yanki na dutsen carborundum. Yanzu an ajiye su a Sashen Kula da Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya.<ref name="oddy149"/><ref name="BMScandal">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/543077.stm|title=Gidan Tarihi ya yarda da 'abin kunya' na Elgin Marbles|work=BBC News Online |date=1 December 1999 |access-date=3 January 2010}}</ref> Tsarin tsaftacewa ya goge wani ɓangare na cikakkun bayanai na yawancin sassaka.<ref>Paterakis AB. [Ba tare da taken ba]. Nazari a cikin Kula da Kaya 46(1): 79–80, 2001 [https://web.archive.org/web/20181004151928/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1506885]</ref> A cewar Harold Plenderleith, saman da aka cire a wasu wurare yana iya kasancewa har zuwa 1/10 na inci.<ref name="oddy149"/> Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya ya amsa ta hanyar cewa "an yi kuskure a lokacin."<ref name="guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/parthenon/article/0,,195563,00.html an yi kuskure a lokacin] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605154549/http://www.guardian.co.uk/parthenon/article/0%2C%2C195563%2C00.html |date=5 June 2008}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> A wani lokaci kuma, an ce "an wuce gona da iri wajen lalatawa saboda dalilai na siyasa" kuma "Girka ta yi laifi na wuce gona da iri wajen tsaftace duwatsun marmara kafin a kawo su Biritaniya."<ref name=BMScandal/> A lokacin taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan tsaftace duwatsun marmara, wanda Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya ya shirya a 1999, mai kula Ian Jenkins, mataimakin mai kula da kayan tarihi na Girka da Roman, ya bayyana cewa "Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya ba zai iya yin kuskure ba, ba Paparoma ba ne. Tarihin sa ya kasance jerin niyyoyi masu kyau waɗanda aka lalata ta hanyar kuskure lokaci-lokaci, kuma tsaftace na shekarun 1930 ya kasance irin wannan kuskuren." Duk da haka, ya yi iƙirarin cewa babban dalilin lalacewar da aka yi wa duwatsun marmara shine yanayin da ya dade na shekaru 2000 a Acropolis.<ref name="autogenerated7">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/dec/01/maevkennedy |title=Hare-hare na juna sun ɓata muhawarar Elgin Marbles | work=The Guardian |access-date=29 December 2008 | location=London | first=Maev | last=Kennedy | date=1 December 1999}}</ref> A wata jarida, masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Amurka Dorothy King ta rubuta cewa Girkawa ma sun yi amfani da dabarun kama da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a 1937–1938 a cikin shekaru goma na baya fiye da Biritaniya, kuma ta tabbatar da cewa har yanzu Italiyanci suna ɗaukar su abin yarda.<ref name="guardian faq">{{cite news |last=King |first=Dorothy |date=21 July 2004 |title=Elgin Marbles: gaskiya ko tatsuniya? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2004/jul/21/highereducation.parthenon |access-date=25 June 2009 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya ya ce an yi irin wannan tsaftacewa na Haikalin Hephaestus a cikin Tsohuwar Agora na Athens ta ƙungiyar kiyayewa ta Makarantar Amurka ta Nazarin Gargajiya a Athens<ref name="autogenerated3">J. M. Cook and John Boardman, "Archaeology in Greece, 1953", The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 74, (1954), p. 147</ref> a 1953 ta amfani da chisels na ƙarfe da waya ta tagulla.<ref name="British Museum releases"/> A cewar Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Girka, an iyakance tsaftacewa sosai ga ɓawon gishiri na saman.<ref name=autogenerated7 /> Rahoton Amurka na 1953 ya kammala cewa dabarun da aka yi amfani da su sun nufin cire baƙar fata da ruwan sama ya samar kuma "ya bayyana ingancin fasaha na zane" yana bayyanawa a lokaci guda "wasu 'yan gutsutsarin launi da suka rage".<ref name="autogenerated3" /> [[File:Elgin marbles frieze.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Yankin frieze daga Elgin (Parthenon) Marbles]] Wani binciken 2023 na Emma Payne ya kammala cewa lalacewar daga tsaftace na shekarun 1930 ba ta da muhimmanci kuma yana buƙatar a yi la'akari da shi a cikin mahallin lokacin.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2023/2023.08.24/ | title= Fassara Sassakan Parthenon: daga ƙarni na goma sha takwas zuwa zamanin dijital | journal=Bryn Mawr Classical Review | date=24 August 2023}}</ref> Nazarin saman sassaka tare da dabarun nazarin kayan tarihi, ciki har da Visible-Induced Luminescence (VIL), sun bayyana alamun launuka na tsohuwar polychromy a kan sassaka, suna tabbatar da ra'ayin cewa lalacewar tsaftacewa ba ta da yawa fiye da yadda aka yi tunani a baya.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Verri |first1=Giovanni |last2=Granger-Taylor |first2=Hero |last3=Jenkins |first3=Ian |last4=Sweek |first4=Tracey |last5=Weglowska |first5=Katarzyna |last6=Wootton |first6=William Thomas |title=Sabon tufafin allahiya: sassaƙa da polychromy na Sassakan Parthenon |journal=Antiquity |date=October 2023 |volume=97 |issue=395 |pages=1173–1192 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2023.130 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Takardun da Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya ya fitar a ƙarƙashin Dokar Yancin Bayani ta 2000 sun bayyana cewa jerin ƙananan haɗari, sata da ayyukan ɓarnata da baƙi suka yi sun haifar da ƙarin lalacewa ga sassaka.<ref name="telegraph">Hastings, Chris. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1490023/Revealed-how-rowdy-schoolboys-knocked-a-leg-off-one-of-the-Elgin-Marbles.html An bayyana: yadda ɗaliban makaranta masu hatsari suka buge ƙafa daga ɗaya daga cikin Elgin Marbles] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407143411/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1490023/Revealed-how-rowdy-schoolboys-knocked-a-leg-off-one-of-the-Elgin-Marbles.html |date=7 April 2016}}, ''The Daily Telegraph'', 15 May 2005. An dawo da shi 6 March 2010.</ref> Wannan ya haɗa da wani lamari a 1961 lokacin da yara maza biyu suka buge wani ɓangare na ƙafar centaur, kuma a 1966 an zana layuka huɗu masu zurfi a bayan ɗaya daga cikin adadi ta hanyar ɓarayi. A 1970, an zana haruffa a kan cinya na dama na sama na wani adadi. Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, an lalata rami na dowel a cikin ƙafar centaur ta hanyar ɓarayi da ke ƙoƙarin cire gutsutsarin gubar.<ref name="telegraph"/> A watan Yuni na 1981, wani adadi na pediment na yamma ya ɗan farfashe ta hanyar faɗuwar gilashin skylight. == Rigingimun maido da kayan tarihi == === Buƙatun Girka na Maido da Kayan Tarihi === A shekarar 1836, Sarki Otto na Girka, wanda ya sami 'yancin kai kwanan nan, ya nemi gwamnatin Biritaniya a hukumance ta dawo da wasu daga cikin Elgin Marbles (allunan frieze huɗu na Haikalin Athena Nike). A shekarar 1846, biyo bayan buƙatar Girka, Biritaniya ta aika da cikakken saitin simintin frieze na Parthenon, kuma a shekarar 1890 birnin Athens ya nemi maido da ainihin frieze, amma bai yi nasara ba. A shekarar 1927, ministan Girka a London ya nemi a dawo da wasu gutsuttsarin gine-gine, amma bai yi nasara ba.<ref>{{cite book |last=Herman |first=Alexander |author-link= |url= |title=Rikicin Parthenon Marbles |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2023 |isbn=978-1509967179 |edition= |place=London |pages=68}}</ref> A shekarar 1983, gwamnatin Girka ta nemi gwamnatin Biritaniya a hukumance ta dawo da "dukan sassakan da aka cire daga Acropolis na Athens kuma a halin yanzu suna cikin Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya", kuma a shekarar 1984, ta lissafa rikicin da UNESCO.<ref name=":202"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Herman |first=Alexander |author-link= |url= |title=Rikicin Parthenon Marbles |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2023 |isbn=978-1509967179 |edition= |place=London |page=71}}</ref> A shekarar 2000, wani kwamiti na musamman na majalisar dokokin Biritaniya ya gudanar da bincike kan cinikin kayan tarihi na al'adu ba bisa ka'ida ba, wanda ya yi la'akari da rikicin game da duwatsun marmara. Kwamitin ya saurari shaidu daga ministan harkokin waje na Girka na lokacin, George Papandreou, wanda ya bayar da hujjar cewa batun mallakar doka ba shi da mahimmanci fiye da hujjojin ɗabi'a da al'adu na maido da sassakan. Kwamitin, duk da haka, bai bayar da wata shawarwari ba game da makomar duwatsun marmara.<ref name="Beard 2002. pp. 177–181">Beard (2002). pp. 177–181</ref> A shekarar 2000, gwamnatin Girka ta ba da umarnin gina sabon Gidan Tarihi na Acropolis, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarihin Gidan Tarihi |url=https://www.theacropolismuseum.gr/en/museum-history |access-date=8 January 2023 |website=Gidan Tarihi na Acropolis}}</ref> An tsara gidan tarihin ne, a wani ɓangare, don shirya sassakan Parthenon da suka rage (ciki har da waɗanda ke cikin tarin Elgin) kamar yadda suke tsaye a ainihin Parthenon, da kuma tunkarar hujjojin cewa Elgin Marbles za a kiyaye su da kyau kuma a nuna su a Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya.<ref>Beard (2002). pp. 176, 184</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Acropolis yana nuna wani ɓangare na ragowar frieze (kusan kashi 30% ya ɓace ko ya lalace), wanda aka sanya shi a ainihin yanayin sa kuma a gaban Parthenon. An bayyana matsayin abubuwan da ke cikin London a fili tare da simintin fari, kuma an bar wuri inda sassakan ba su wanzu ba.<ref name="acrop museum2">{{Cite web |title=Frieze &#124; Gidan Tarihi na Acropolis |url=https://www.theacropolismuseum.gr/en/content/frieze-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206111947/https://www.theacropolismuseum.gr/en/content/frieze-0 |archive-date=6 December 2020 |access-date=19 August 2018 |website=www.theacropolismuseum.gr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Herman |first=Alexander |author-link= |url= |title=Rikicin Parthenon Marbles |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2023 |isbn=978-1509967179 |edition= |place=London |pages=75–76}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, gwamnatin Girka ta nemi UNESCO ta shiga tsakani tsakanin hukumomin Girka da Biritaniya kan maido da duwatsun marmara, amma gwamnatin Biritaniya da Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya sun ƙi tayin UNESCO na shiga tsakani. A shekarar 2021, UNESCO ta kammala cewa gwamnatin Biritaniya tana da wajibcin dawo da sassakan kuma ta kira Ƙasar Ingila da ta fara tattaunawa da Girka.<ref name=":202"/> A ƙarshen shekarar 2022, hukumomin Biritaniya da Girka sun ci gaba da tattaunawa kan makomar duwatsun marmara.<ref name=":172"/><ref name=":212"/> Lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da yiwuwar maido da Marbles, Sakatariyar Al'adu ta Biritaniya, Michelle Donelan ta amsa: "Zan iya tausayawa wasu daga cikin hujjojin amma ina jin cewa hanya ce mai haɗari da zamewa don tafiya a kai,"<ref name=":19">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Anita |date=7 December 2022 |title=Maido da Elgin Marbles zuwa Girka zai zama 'hanya mai haɗari da zamewa', in ji Sakatariyar Al'adu |work=Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/12/06/return-elgin-marbles-greece-would-dangerous-slippery-road-warns/ |access-date=7 December 2022}}</ref> tana nuna damuwar cewa sauran abubuwan al'adu da ke hannun Biritaniya yanzu ana iya buƙatar a dawo da su zuwa wuraren da aka samo su. A watan Nuwambar 2023, Firayim Minista Rishi Sunak ya soke taro da Firayim Ministan Girka Kyriakos Mitsotakis kan kalaman jama'a da Mitsotakis ya yi game da duwatsun marmara.<ref name=EM_1>{{cite news |last=Zakir-Hussain |first=Maryam |title=Rikicin Elgin Marbles ya barke yayin da Firayim Ministan Girka ya zargi Sunak da soke taro a minti na ƙarshe |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/elgin-marbles-rishi-sunak-kyriakos-mitsotakis-b2454461.html |work=The Independent |date=28 November 2023 |language=en-GB |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zeffman |first1=Henry |last2=Jones |first2=Harrison |last3=Mason |first3=Chris |date=28 November 2023 |title=Girka ta musanta alkawarin ba za ta ɗaga Sassakan Parthenon ba a ziyarar UK |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-67551732 |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref> ===Dalilan da suka sa aka dawo Athens=== Masu jayayya kan dawo da duwatsun sun kawo dalilai na shari'a, ɗabi'a, al'adu, kiyayewa da fasaha. Dalilansu sun haɗa da: * An samo duwatsun ba bisa ka'ida ba, ko kuma aƙalla ba bisa ɗabi'a ba, saboda haka ya kamata a mayar da su ga mai mallakarsu na gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2007 |title=Parthenon Fragments Won't Go Back Home |url=http://www.elginism.com/20070401/702/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615183515/http://www.elginism.com/20070401/702/ |archive-date=15 June 2009 |access-date=20 January 2009 |publisher=Elginism}}</ref> * Duk da cewa duwatsun suna da ƙima ta al'adu ta duniya baki ɗaya, amma kuma wani ɓangare ne na musamman na al'adun Girka, kuma wannan shine wuri mafi dacewa don nuna su.<ref name="Beard 2002. pp. 177–181"/> * Ya kamata a sake haɗa sassaken Parthenon a duk faɗin duniya domin dawo da "abubuwan halitta" waɗanda "a halin yanzu suka kasance ba tare da haɗin kai ba, kama da juna da tarihi na abin tunawa da suke ciki" kuma su baiwa baƙi damar fahimtar su gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Special Issues |url=http://odysseus.culture.gr/a/1/12/ea121.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017204203/http://odysseus.culture.gr/a/1/12/ea121.html |archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="Nicoletta Divari-Valakou 20082">Nicoletta Divari-Valakou, (Director of the Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities of Athens), "Revisiting the Parthenon: National Heritage in the Age of Globalism" in Mille Gabriel & Jens Dahl, (eds.) Utimut : past heritage&nbsp;– future partnerships, discussions on repatriation in the 21st Century, Copenhagen : International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs and Greenland National Museum & Archives, (2008)</ref><ref name="European Parliament Resolution for the return of the Elgin Marbles2">{{Cite news |title=European Parliament Resolution for the return of the Elgin Marbles |publisher=Greek Ministry of Culture |url=http://odysseus.culture.gr/a/1/12/ga123_3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230217/http://odysseus.culture.gr/a/1/12/ga123_3.html |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> * Nuna duk Parthenon Marbles da ke akwai kusa da ainihin muhallinsu na tarihi da al'adu, kuma a cikin mahallin sauran kayan tarihi na Girka, zai ba da damar "cikakken fahimta da fassararsu".<ref name="Nicoletta Divari-Valakou 20082" /><ref name="Who owns the marbles? The debate hits Sydney2">{{Cite news |title=Debate of the Elgin Marbles |publisher=University of Sydney |url=http://sydney.edu.au/senate/documents/History/Elgin_marbles_articles.pdf}}</ref> * Za a tabbatar da kiyaye duwatsun a Gidan Tarihi na Acropolis, saboda an sanye shi da fasaha ta zamani don kariya da kiyaye kayan tarihi.<ref name=":02">{{cite web |title=Bernard Tschumi Architects |url=http://www.arcspace.com/architects/Tschumi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928051614/http://www.arcspace.com/architects/Tschumi/ |archive-date=28 September 2007 |work=arcspace.com}}</ref> * Elgin Marbles sun sha wahala sosai daga rashin kiyayewa da hatsarori a London kuma ba za a iya ɗauka cewa za a kiyaye su da kyau a can ba.<ref>Beard (2002). pp. 166–178</ref> * Dawo da sassaken Parthenon ba zai kafa misali ga sauran da'awar mayar da su ba saboda "ƙimar duniya" ta musamman ta Parthenon.<ref>Nicoletta Divari-Valakou, (Director of the Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities of Athens), "Revisiting the Parthenon: National Heritage in the Age of Globalism" in Mille Gabriel & Jens Dahl, (eds.) Utimut : past heritage&nbsp;– future partnerships, discussions on repatriation in the 21st Century, Copenhagen : International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs and Greenland National Museum & Archives, (2008) passim; (see also http://www.natmus.gl/con2007/pdf/Concluding_summary_Nuuk_2007_revised.pdf Conference summary {{dead link|date=November 2016|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}})</ref> === Dalilan Ci Gaba da Zama a London === Malaman tarihi, shugabannin siyasar Biritaniya, da Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya sun gabatar da hujjoji daban-daban don ci gaba da riƙe Elgin Marbles a London.<ref name="newsweek stones22"/> Waɗannan sun haɗa da masu zuwa: * '''Samuwar Halacci:''' Elgin ya sami duwatsun marmara bisa ka'ida, kuma babu wata kotun shari'a da za ta yanke hukunci a kan mai ƙarar Girka.<ref>Jenkins (2016). p 99</ref><ref>Herman (2023), chapter 3.</ref> * '''Ceto daga Lalacewa:''' Elgin ya ceci duwatsun marmara daga lalacewa, kuma waɗanda ke cikin Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya suna cikin yanayi mafi kyau fiye da waɗanda aka bari a baya. Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya yana da haƙƙin riƙewa da nuna wa jama'a abin da ya kiyaye daga lalacewa.<ref name="guardian faq2">{{cite news |last=King |first=Dorothy |date=21 July 2004 |title=Elgin Marbles: gaskiya ko tatsuniya? |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2004/jul/21/highereducation.parthenon |access-date=25 June 2009}}</ref> * '''Rashin Yiwuwar Haɗa Duk Sassakan:''' Ba zai yiwu a haɗa dukkan sassakan Parthenon a matsayin cikakken guda ɗaya ba tunda rabi sun ɓace ko sun lalace kafin shekarar 1800.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sassakan Parthenon, bayanin Amintattu |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/parthenon-sculptures/parthenon |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya}}</ref> * '''Nuni a Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya:''' Nuni na Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya yana ba da damar ganin duwatsun marmara da kyau a cikin mahallin sauran manyan al'adun gargajiya, don haka yana cika ra'ayin da tarin Gidan Tarihi na Acropolis ya bayar.<ref name=":233"/> * '''Sakamakon Maido da Duk Kayayyaki:''' Cika dukkan buƙatun maido da kayayyaki zai zubar da yawancin manyan gidajen tarihi na duniya—wannan kuma ya haifar da damuwa tsakanin sauran gidajen tarihi na Turai da Amurka, tare da wata manufa da ake iya niyya ita ce Nefertiti Bust a Neues Museum na [[Berlin]]; ban da haka, wasu sassan duwatsun marmara na Parthenon suna cikin yawancin sauran gidajen tarihi na Turai.<ref name="guardian faq2" /> * '''Mafi girman adadin masu ziyara:''' Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya yana karɓar kusan baƙi miliyan 6 a shekara idan aka kwatanta da baƙi miliyan 1.5 zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Acropolis. Cire duwatsun marmara zuwa Girka zai rage adadin mutanen da ke da damar ziyartar duwatsun marmara sosai.<ref>{{cite news |last=Trend |first=Nick |date=5 June 2018 |title=Me yasa maido da Elgin Marbles zai zama hauka |website=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/comment/why-returning-the-elgin-marbles-would-be-madness/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/comment/why-returning-the-elgin-marbles-would-be-madness/ |archive-date=12 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> * '''Tarihin Al'adun Biritaniya:''' Elgin Marbles sun kasance a nune a bainar jama'a a Ingila tun 1807<ref name="Jenkins 2016. p. 102"/> kuma a cikin wannan lokacin sun zama wani ɓangare na gadon al'adun Biritaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=takardar Merryman |url=https://law.wustl.edu/harris/Conferences/imperialism/Merryman_PAPER_FINALelgin2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422040718/https://law.wustl.edu/harris/Conferences/imperialism/Merryman_PAPER_FINALelgin2.pdf |archive-date=22 April 2018 |access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> === Kamfen na Jama'a don Maido da Kayan Tarihi === A wajen Girka, an fara kamfen na maido da duwatsun marmara a shekarar 1981 tare da kafa Kwamitin Shirya na Duniya – [[Asturaliya|Australia]] – don Maido da Parthenon Marbles,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarihin Kwamiti |url=https://iocarpm.wordpress.com/about-2/committee-history/ |access-date=10 January 2023 |website=Kwamitin Shirya na Duniya – Australia don Maido da Parthenon Marbles |date=13 January 2016 |archive-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110094932/https://iocarpm.wordpress.com/about-2/committee-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma a shekarar 1983, tare da kafa Kwamitin Birtaniya don Haɗuwar Parthenon Marbles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Su Waye Mu |url=https://www.parthenonuk.com/about-bcrpm/who-we-are |access-date=10 January 2023 |website=Kwamitin Birtaniya don Haɗuwar Parthenon Marbles }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ƙungiyoyin kamfen kuma suna wanzu a Girka da kuma duniya baki ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maido da Su |url=http://www.bringthemback.org |access-date=17 April 2010}}</ref> Wasu shahararrun 'yan Birtaniya da na duniya, irin su ɗan wasan barkwanci Stephen Fry<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sanderson |first=David |date=30 May 2022 |title=Stephen Fry: Ku kasance masu ladabi kuma ku dawo da Elgin Marbles |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/art/article/stephen-fry-be-classy-and-return-the-elgin-marbles-mj2zmxgrj |url-access=subscription |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=The Times |language=en |issn=0140-0460 |quote=Ya ce maido da sassakan daga Birtaniya "zai zama wani aiki da ke amfani da kalmar da ba mu iya amfani da ita ga ayyukan Birtaniya kwanan nan ba, sosai: zai zama mai ladabi".}}</ref> da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Liam Neeson da George Clooney,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harris |first=Gareth |date=8 March 2021 |title=George Clooney ya shiga muhawarar Parthenon Marbles – kuma |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2021/03/08/george-clooney-wades-into-parthenon-marbles-debateagain |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=The Art Newspaper}}</ref> sun nuna goyon bayansu ga maido da duwatsun marmara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herman |first=Alexander |title=Rikicin Parthenon Marbles: Gadon Gargajiya, Doka, Siyasa |publisher=Bloomsbury |year=2023 |isbn=9781509967179 |location=London |pages=4, 78–80 |postscript=. Lura: Baya ga Fry, Neeson da Clooney, Herman ya kuma ambato Tom Hanks, Judi Dench, Vanessa Redgrave, Ian McKellen, da Joanna Lumley a matsayin fitattun magoya bayan kamfen.}}</ref> === Ra'ayoyin Jama'a === Wani bincike na Ipsos MORI da aka gudanar a kan masu jefa kuri'a na Birtaniya a shekarar 1998, ya gano cewa kashi 39% sun goyi bayan maido da duwatsun marmara zuwa Girka kuma kashi 15% sun goyi bayan riƙe su a Birtaniya; kashi 45% ba su da ra'ayi ko kuma ba za su jefa kuri'a ba idan aka gabatar da tambayar a wani zabe.<ref name="autogenerated12">{{cite web |title=Jama'a da 'Yan Majalisa za su dawo da Elgin Marbles! |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/poll.aspx?oItemId=2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126092318/http://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/poll.aspx?oItemId=2001 |archive-date=26 January 2013 |work=ipsos-mori.com}}</ref> Wani bincike na Mori a shekarar 2002 ya nuna irin waɗannan sakamakon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maido da Parthenon Marbles |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/poll.aspx?oItemId=1053 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409021725/http://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/poll.aspx?oItemId=1053 |archive-date=9 April 2014 |access-date=18 June 2012 |publisher=Ipsos MORI}}</ref> Wani bincike na YouGov a shekarar 2021 ya gano cewa kashi 59% na masu amsa na Birtaniya sun yi tunanin cewa Parthenon marbles na Girka ne, kashi 18% cewa na Birtaniya ne, kuma kashi 18% ba su sani ba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/travel/survey-results/daily/2021/11/23/9b053/2|title=Parthenon Marbles tarin sassakan Girka ne na Tsohuwar Zamanin da aka cire daga Acropolis a Athens daga 1801–12 (lokacin da Masarautar Ottoman ke mulkin Girka) kuma an nuna su a Gidan Tarihi na Birtaniya tun 1817. Gwamnatin Girka ta nemi a dawo da su dindindin, amma Gidan Tarihi na Birtaniya ya ƙi. A ina kake tunanin Parthenon Marbles suke? | Tambayar Yau da Kullum|website=yougov.co.uk}}</ref> === Jaridun Birtaniya === ''The Guardian'' ta buga wani edita a shekarar 2020 tana sake jaddada goyon bayanta ga maido da Parthenon marbles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 February 2020 |title=Ra'ayin Guardian game da Parthenon marbles: ba kawai wani labarin Brexit ba ne |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/feb/23/the-guardian-view-on-the-parthenon-marbles-not-just-a-brexit-sideshow |access-date=8 January 2023 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, ''The Times'' ta janye goyon bayanta na dade wa ga riƙe duwatsun marmara, ta buga wani edita da ke kira ga maido da su zuwa Girka.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2022 |title=Ra'ayin Times game da Elgin Marbles: Haɗa Gadon Girka |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/the-times-view-on-the-elgin-marbles-uniting-greeces-heritage-spdz5vz6k |access-date=8 January 2023 |work=The Times}}</ref> ''The Daily Telegraph'' ta buga wani edita a watan Janairun 2023 tana jayayya cewa duk wani yanke shawara kan maido da Elgin Marbles zuwa Girka ya kamata majalisar dokokin Birtaniya ce ta yanke shi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 January 2023 |title=Kaddarar Elgin marbles ba za ta iya zama zaɓin George Osborne ba |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2023/01/06/fate-elgin-marbles-cant-george-osbornes-choice/ |access-date=8 January 2023 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> === Dokar Gidan Tarihi ta Birtaniya ta 1963 === Dokar Gidan Tarihi ta Birtaniya ta 1963<ref>{{cite web |title=Dokar Gidan Tarihi ta Birtaniya ta 1963, kamar yadda aka gyara |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/24/contents |website=legislation.gov.uk |access-date=27 August 2023}}</ref> wata Dokar Majalisar Dokokin Ƙasar Ingila ce wacce ke hana Gidan Tarihi na Birtaniya zubar da kayan sa, sai dai a cikin ƴan ƙananan yanayi na musamman. Duk wani canji ga Dokar dole ne Majalisar ta zartar da shi. == Aro da Kwafi == Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya ya yi kwafin filasta na duwatsun marmara kuma ya rarraba su ga gidajen tarihi da yawa a duniya.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7" /> A shekarar 2022, Cibiyar Nazarin Dijital ta Oxford (IDA) ta nemi Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya da ta binciko duwatsun marmara daga Parthenon don yin kwafin robobi da aka sassaka. Duk da haka, gidan tarihin ya ƙi buƙatar kuma gwamnatin Girka ta ƙi yin sharhi game da aikin.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=8 July 2022 |title=Kamfen ɗin Roba na Guerrilla don Sake Haifar da Elgin Marbles |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/08/science/elgin-marbles-3d-print.html/ |access-date=19 August 2023 |work=New York Times}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya ya ba da aro wani siffar allahn kogi, wataƙila kogin Ilisus, ga Gidan Tarihi na Hermitage a [[Saint-Petersburg|Saint Petersburg]] don murnar cika shekaru 250 da kafuwar sa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blog.britishmuseum.org/2014/12/05/loan-of-a-parthenon-sculpture-to-the-hermitage-a-marble-ambassador-of-a-european-ideal/ |title=Aro zuwa Gidan Tarihi na State Hermitage a Saint Petersburg |publisher=britishmuseum.org |access-date=8 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231192906/http://blog.britishmuseum.org/2014/12/05/loan-of-a-parthenon-sculpture-to-the-hermitage-a-marble-ambassador-of-a-european-ideal/ |archive-date=31 December 2014}}</ref> An nuna shi a can daga 6 ga Disamba 2014 har zuwa 18 ga Janairu 2015. Wannan shine karo na farko da Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya ya ba da aro wani ɓangare na tarin Parthenon Marbles kuma ya haifar da wasu cece-kuce.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/06/world/europe/elgin-marbles-lent-to-hermitage-museum.html?_r=0 |title=Mutumin Girka ya Sake Tafiya, amma Ba zuwa Girka ba |newspaper=www.nytimes.com |date=5 December 2014 |access-date=8 December 2014|last1=Erlanger |first1=Steven }}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya ya bayyana cewa a shirye yake ya ba da aro duwatsun marmara daga Parthenon zuwa Girka amma gwamnatin Girka ba ta son amincewa da ka'idar yarda da mallakar Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya na kowane abu da aka aro ba.<ref name=":9" /> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ==Majiya== * {{cite book |author-link=Mary Beard (classicist) |first=Mary |last=Beard |title=The Parthenon |url=https://archive.org/details/parthenon0000mbea |publisher=[[Profile Books]] |edition=2nd |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84668-349-7}} * {{cite book |first=Alexander |last=Herman |title=The Parthenon Marbles Dispute |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]] |place=London|edition= |year=2023 |isbn=978-1509967179 |url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/parthenon-marbles-dispute-9781509967179/}} * {{Cite book |first=Tiffany |last=Jenkins |author-link=Tiffany Jenkins |title=Keeping Their Marbles: How the Treasures of the Past Ended Up in Museums{{nbsp}}... and Why They Should Stay There |place=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-965759-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/keepingtheirmarb0000jenk}} * {{cite book |first=William |last=St Clair |author-link=William St Clair |title=Lord Elgin and the Marbles |url=https://archive.org/details/lordelginmarbles0000stcl |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |place=Oxford |edition=4th |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-288053-5}} * {{cite book |author-link= |first=Catharine |last=Titi |title=The Parthenon Marbles and International Law |publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]] |edition= |year=2023 |isbn=978-3-031-26356-9}} * {{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Dyfri |title=Lord Elgin's firman |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-the-history-of-collections_2009_21_1/page/49 |journal=Journal of the History of Collections |date=7 January 2009 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=49–76 |doi=10.1093/jhc/fhn033}} ==Ƙara karatu== * {{cite magazine |first=Marc |last=Fehlmann |url=http://www.apollo-magazine.com/june-2007/63335/casts-and-connoisseurs.thtml |title=Casts and Connoisseurs: the early reception of the Elgin Marbles |magazine=[[Apollo (magazine)|Apollo]] |date=June 2007 |pages=44–51 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506011222/http://www.apollo-magazine.com/june-2007/63335/casts-and-connoisseurs.thtml |archive-date=6 May 2012}} * {{cite book |first=Jeanette |last=Greenfield |title=The Return of Cultural Treasures |url=https://archive.org/details/returnofcultural0000gree |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |place=Cambridge |edition=3rd |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-521-80216-1}} * {{cite book |first=Christopher |last=Hitchens |author-link=Christopher Hitchens |title=Imperial Spoils: The Curious Case of the Elgin Marbles |publisher=[[Chatto & Windus]] |place=London |isbn=978-0-8090-4189-3 |year=1987 |title-link=Imperial Spoils: The Curious Case of the Elgin Marbles}} (with essays by Robert Browning and Graham Binns) * {{cite book |first=Ian |last=Jenkins |title=The Parthenon Frieze |publisher=[[British Museum Press]] |location=London |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-7141-2200-7}} * {{cite book |last=King |first=Dorothy |author-link=Dorothy King |title=The Elgin Marbles |publisher=[[Hutchinson Heinemann]] |place=London |date=2006 |isbn=978-0-09-180013-0 |title-link=The Elgin Marbles (book)}} * {{cite book |first=François |last=Queyrel |title=Le Parthénon, Un monument dans l'Histoire |publisher=Éditions Bartillat |location=Paris |year=2008 |isbn=978-2-84100-435-5 |url=http://www.editions-bartillat.fr/fiche-livre.asp?Clef=281 |access-date=24 May 2017 |archive-date=29 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929162206/http://www.editions-bartillat.fr/fiche-livre.asp?Clef=281 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |last=Stallings |first=A. E. |author-link=A. E. Stallings |title=Frieze Frame: How Poets, Painters, and their Friends Framed the Debate Around Elgin and the Marbles of the Parthenon |publisher=Paul Dry Books|place=Philadelphia |date=2025 |isbn=9781589882003}} ==Shafuka mahaɗa== {{Commons}} {{Library resources box |by=no |onlinebooks=yes |others=yes |about=yes |label=Elgin Marbles |viaf= |lccn= |lcheading= |wikititle=}} <!--======================== {{No more links}} ============================ | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia | | is not a collection of links nor should it be used for advertising. | | | | Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. | | See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. | | | | If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or | | replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link | | to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) | | and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. | ==={{No more links}}=========--> *[http://www.theacropolismuseum.gr/?pname=Home&la=2 Acropolis Museum] *[http://www.parthenonfrieze.gr/ The Parthenon Frieze] *[https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/galleries/ancient_greece_and_rome/rooms_18,_18a,_18b_parthenon.aspx The British Museum Parthenon pages] ===Pros and cons of restitution=== <!--======================== {{No more links}} ============================ | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia | | is not a collection of links nor should it be used for advertising. | | | | Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. | | See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. | | | | If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or | | replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link | | to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) | | and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. | ===={{No more links}}==========--> *[http://www.parthenonuk.com/ British Committee for the Reunification of the Parthenon Marbles' site] *[https://parthenonproject.co.uk/#overview The Parthenon Project] *[https://classicsforall.org.uk/reading-room/ad-familiares/case-lord-elgin "The Case for Lord Elgin," Classics for All] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20040814225306/http://prometheus.cc.emory.edu/panels/5E/G.Wood.html Gillen Wood, "The strange case of Lord Elgin's nose"]: the cultural context of the early 19th century debate over the marbles, the politics and the aesthetics, imperialism and hellenism *[https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmcumeds/371/371ap20.htm Two memorandums submitted to the UK Parliamentary Select Committee on Culture, Media and Sport in 2000.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20250712043945/https://aothenmagazine.com/#torrettamarbles "Keeping our share", ''Aôthen Magazine'']: Argues for the dismissal of the Greek claim, and for retaining the Marbles as part of cultural history. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g6uqsuaws85shfwqsthozzbvi9lgrvv 0 104619 975403 897252 2026-11-02T23:20:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Gaskiyar shari'a wata hanya ce na halitta ga [[doka]]; ra'ayi ne cewa shari'a ya kamata ta yi koyi da hanyoyin kimiyyar halitta; wato, ya kamata ya dogara da shaidar kwarewa. Dole ne a gwada Ra'ayoyi akan abubuwan da aka lura da duniya.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2021}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Masu hakikanin shari'a sun yi imanin cewa kimiyyar shari'a ya kamata kawai bincika doka tare da hanyoyin da ba su da darajar kimiyyar halitta, maimakon ta hanyar binciken falsafa game da yanayin da ma'anar doka waɗanda suka bambanta da doka kamar yadda ake yi a zahiri. Lalle ne, gaskiyar shari'a ta tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya raba doka daga aikace-aikacenta ba, kuma ba za a taɓa fahimtar ta a waje da aikace-aikacen ta ba. Saboda haka, gaskiyar shari'a tana jaddada doka kamar yadda take, maimakon doka kamar yadda ya kamata ta kasance. Samun ma'anar doka a wurare kamar ra'ayoyin shari'a da [[Alkali|alƙalai]] suka bayar da kuma girmamawa ko watsi da abin da ya gabata da kuma koyarwar stare decisis, yana jaddada muhimmancin fahimtar abubuwan da ke cikin yanke shawara na shari'a. A Scandinavia Axel Hägerström ya haɓaka wata al'ada ta ainihi wacce ta kasance mai tasiri a cikin ƙwararrun shari'o'in Turai don mafi yawan karni na 20. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Duxbury |first=Neil |date=2005 |title=English Jurisprudence between Austin and Hart |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3649419 |journal=Virginia Law Review |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=1–91 |issn=0042-6601 |jstor=3649419}}</ref> Gaskiyar shari'a tana da alaƙa da shari'ar Amurka a cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930, musamman tsakanin alƙalai na tarayya <ref name="Horwitz3">{{Cite journal |last=Horwitz |first=Morton J. |author-link=Morton Horwitz |date=1982 |title=History of the Public/Private Distinction |url=https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/penn_law_review/vol130/iss6/6/ |journal=University of Pennsylvania Law Review |volume=130 |issue=6 |page=1426 |doi=10.2307/3311976 |jstor=3311976 |s2cid=51854776 |url-access=subscription |access-date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025225034/https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/penn_law_review/vol130/iss6/6/ |archive-date=25 October 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> da lauyoyi a cikin [[Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms|Gwamnatin Roosevelt]]. Shahararrun lauyoyi da ke da alaƙa da gaskiyar shari'a sun haɗa da [[Felix S. Cohen|Felix Cohen]], [[Morris Raphael Cohen|Morris Cohen]], [[Arthur Corbin]], Walter Wheeler Cook, [[Robert Lee Hale|Robert Hale]], [[Wesley Hohfeld]], [[Karl Llewellyn]], [[Underhill Moore]], [[Herman Oliphant]] da Warren Seavey, <ref name="Horwitz3" /> da yawa daga cikinsu suna da alaƙa ne da [[Yale Law School|Makarantar Shari'a ta Yale]]. Kamar yadda Keith Bybee ya yi jayayya, "gaskiya ta shari'a ta fallasa rawar da siyasa ke takawa a cikin yanke shawara na shari'a kuma, a yin hakan, ya yi tambaya game da ƙoƙarin da aka yi na al'ada don kafa ikon shari'a a kan tushe mai ɗorewa, marar son kai. " Masanan shari'a na zamani da ke aiki a cikin al'adar Shari'a da Al'a sun fadada kan tushe da aka kafa ta hanyar gaskiyar shari'a don tabbatar da abin da ake kira [[New legal realism|sabon gaskiyar shari'a]]. A matsayin nau'i na shari'a, ana bayyana gaskiyar shari'a ta hanyar mayar da hankali ga doka kamar yadda yake a zahiri a aikace, maimakon yadda yake a cikin littattafai. Don wannan dalili, ya fi damuwa da ayyukan alƙalai da abubuwan da suka rinjayi hanyoyin yanke shawara na shari'a. Kamar yadda Karl Llewellyn ya yi jayayya, "[b]a cikin yanke shawara suna tsayawa alƙalai; alƙalai maza ne; kamar yadda maza suke da asalin ɗan adam. " <ref name="&quot;Llew&quot;">{{Cite journal |last=Llewellyn |first=Karl |date=June 1931 |title=Some Realism about Realism: Responding to Dean Pound |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_harvard-law-review_1931-06_44_8/page/1222 |journal=Harvard Law Review |volume=44 |issue=8 |pages=1222–1264 |doi=10.2307/1332182 |jstor=1332182}}</ref> Dokar, sabili da haka, ba ta wanzu a cikin wani yanki na ka'idoji ko ka'idojin ka'idojoji, amma ba za a iya raba ta da aikin ɗan adam da ikon alƙalai don ƙayyade doka ba. Don fahimtar yanke shawara da ayyukan 'yan wasan shari'a, masu hakikanin shari'a sun juya ga ra'ayoyin kimiyyar zamantakewa don fahimtar halayyar ɗan adam da alaƙar da ta ƙare a cikin sakamakon shari'a. == Masu gabatarwa == Kodayake yunkurin hakikanin shari'a na Amurka ya fara fitowa a matsayin karfi mai karfi a cikin shekarun 1920, ya jawo hankalin masu tunani da yawa da suka gabata kuma manyan al'adu sun rinjayi shi. A farkon shekarun karni na ashirin, masu tunani kamar Roscoe Pound, John Chipman Gray, da Benjamin Cardozo sun soki hanyoyin da suka dace da doka. Masana falsafa irin su John Dewey sun riƙe kimiyya mai mahimmanci a matsayin abin koyi na duk binciken basira, kuma sun yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a ga doka a matsayin kayan aiki mai amfani don inganta jin daɗin ɗan adam. A waje da mulkin doka, a fannoni kamar tattalin arziki da tarihi, akwai "tawaye da tsari," martani don tallafawa hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa na yin falsafar da kimiyyar ɗan adam. Amma mafi mahimmancin tasirin ilimi a kan masu hakikanin shari'a shine tunanin lauyan Amurka da Mai Shari'a na Kotun Koli Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ==Manazarta== 2ur8chw1ucwz9kgga2mv0qqnqny95mr 0 105367 975160 969851 2026-11-02T12:12:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Edmund Yakani''' ɗan gwagwarmayar jama'a ne na Sudan ta Kudu kuma mai ba da shawara kan haƙƙin ɗan adam. Shi ne Babban Darakta na Ƙarfafa Ƙarfin Al'umma don Ci gaba (CEPO), ƙungiyar da ke zaune a [[Juba]], [[Sudan ta Kudu]], wanda ke aiki a kan batutuwan da suka shafi gina zaman lafiya, haƙƙin ɗan adam, da mulkin dimokuradiyya. An san shi da shiga cikin shirye-shiryen farar hula a lokacin da kuma bayan yakin basasar Sudan ta Kudu. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Yakani ta yi karatun kimiyyar siyasa da doka a Jami'ar Juba . Har ila yau, yana da difloma a cikin jinsi da karatun shari'a. Kafin ya zama mai fafutuka na cikakken lokaci, ya yi aiki a kan bincike da kuma fafutukar manufofi da suka shafi shugabanci, mulkin doka, da sake fasalin bangaren tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr. Edmund Yakani Berizilious |url=https://cepo-southsudan.org/team/mr-edmund-yakani-berizilious |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Community Empowerment for Progress Organization |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628163936/https://cepo-southsudan.org/team/mr-edmund-yakani-berizilious |archive-date=2025-06-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyuka da gwagwarmaya == Yakani ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yanayin farar hula na Sudan ta Kudu, musamman a lokacin tattaunawar zaman lafiya da kokarin sake ginawa bayan rikici. A matsayinsa na babban darektan CEPO, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Community Empowerment for Progress Organization (CEPO) |url=https://uncaccoalition.org/anti-corruption-platforms/africa/south-sudan/community-empowerment-for-progress-organization/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=UNCAC Coalition |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806082952/https://uncaccoalition.org/anti-corruption-platforms/africa/south-sudan/community-empowerment-for-progress-organization/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ya ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawar kasa, lura da zabe, tattaunawar adalci na wucin gadi, da kuma bayar da shawarwari ga shugabanci mai hada kai. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=March 8, 2024 |title=CEPO’s Yakani embarks on global lobby for peaceful transition in South Sudan |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/cepos-yakani-embarks-on-global-lobby-for-peaceful-transition-in-south-sudan |access-date=June 28, 2025 |website=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Team |url=https://cepo-southsudan.org/team |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Community Empowerment for Progress Organization |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714020006/https://www.cepo-southsudan.org/team |archive-date=2025-07-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a dandamali na al'umma na yanki, gami da zabensa a 2023 a matsayin Shugaban Kungiyar Jama'a ta Gabashin Afirka (EACSOF). Yakani ya kasance yana da hannu akai-akai a cikin bayar da shawarwari a matakin ƙasa da na duniya, yana shiga tare da masu tsara manufofi da cibiyoyin da suka shafi Sudan ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ninrew |first=Chany |date=2023-05-05 |title=Edmund Yakani named new EAC Civil Society leader |url=https://www.eyeradio.org/edmund-yakani-elected-head-of-eac-civil-society/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Eye Radio |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-05-09 |title=CEPO’s Yakani elected president of regional civil society forum |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/cepos-yakani-elected-president-of-regional-civil-society-forum |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2024, Yakani ya ziyarci Washington, DC don yin hulɗa da jami'an gwamnatin Amurka, kungiyoyin farar hula, da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, suna ba da shawara ga sauya mulkin demokraɗiyya da girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam a Sudan ta Kudu. Ayyukan Yakani a wasu lokuta sun jawo barazanar. Ya ba da rahoton a fili cewa yana karɓar barazanar mutuwa kuma ana niyya da shi saboda sukar da ya yi wa 'yan wasan siyasa a Sudan ta Kudu. Duk da wannan, ya kasance mai magana a kan batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam, sararin jama'a, da lissafin gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-02-14 |title=South Sudanese human rights defender Edmund Yakani Receives Death Threats |url=https://crd.org/2020/02/14/south-sudanese-hrd-edmund-yakani-receives-death-threats/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Civil Rights Defenders |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ninrew |first=Chany |date=2024-07-05 |title=Yakani reports receiving death threats over NSS bill comments |url=https://www.eyeradio.org/yakani-reports-receiving-death-threats-over-nss-bill-comments/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Eye Radio |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == A cikin 2017, ya sami lambar yabo ta Defender of the Year daga kungiyar Defenders ta Stockholm.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-04-04 |title=Civil Rights Defender of the Year 2017 – Edmund Yakani |url=https://crd.org/2017/04/04/civil-rights-defender-of-the-year-award-2017-edmund-yakani/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Civil Rights Defenders |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 2022, an san shi da lambar yabo ta nahiyar don gina zaman lafiya da gwagwarmayar jama'a a Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grandolfo |first=Francesca |date=2020-05-31 |title=Human Rights Defender of the Month: Edmund Yakani |url=https://defenddefenders.org/human-rights-defender-of-the-month-edmund-yakani/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=DefendDefenders |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-01-24 |title=South Sudan civil society leader wins civil rights award |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/south-sudan-civil-society-leader-wins-civil-rights-award |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ninrew |first=Chany |date=2022-11-05 |title=CEPO leader Edmund Yakani wins continental award |url=https://www.eyeradio.org/cepo-leader-edmund-yakani-wins-continental-award/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Eye Radio |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] regkxsie9xa6lqruijj0mhocnsogyu3 0 105595 975521 859084 2026-11-03T10:28:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Halin da ƙasashen duniya suka yi game da yakin basasar Libya shine martani ga jerin [[Zanga-zanga|zanga-zangar]] da rikice-rikicen soja da ke faruwa a Libya a kan Gwamnatin Libya da shugaban kasar [[Muammar Gaddafi]]. Jihohi da yawa da hukumomin da suka fi na kasa sun yi Allah wadai da mulkin Gaddafi game da hare-haren da ya kai wa fararen hula a cikin kasar. Kusan dukkanin kasashen Yammacin Turai sun yanke dangantakar diflomasiyya da gwamnatin Gaddafi a kan kamfen din bama-bamai a watan Fabrairu da Maris, kuma wasu kasashe da dama karkashin jagorancin Peru da Botswana sun yi haka. Amfani da rundunar sojin saman Libya don kai farmaki ga fararen hula ya haifar da karɓar ƙudurin Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 1973 don ƙirƙirar yankin da ba za a iya tashi ba a Libya a ranar 17 ga Maris, kodayake ƙasashe da yawa da ke cikin tilasta aiwatar da ƙudurin sun kuma gudanar da ayyukan yajin aiki na yau da kullun don lalata ikon kai farmaki na Sojojin Libya da lalata ikon mulkin da sarrafawa, yadda ya kamata suna aiki don tallafawa sojojin da ke adawa da Gaddafi a ƙasa. Yawancin mambobin al'ummar kasa da kasa, ciki har da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Ƙungiyar Larabawa, da [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]], a bayyane sun amince da [[Majalisar Canjin Kasa]] ta adawa da Gaddafi a matsayin wakilin Libya, tare da yawancin waɗannan ƙasashe a bayyane suna bayyana shi a matsayin gwamnatin wucin gadi ta doka ta ƙasar saboda rashin halatta daga ɓangaren mulkin Gaddafi. Jihohi da yawa sun ba da Shawarwarin tafiye-tafiye ko kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su kwashe. Wasu kwashewar sun yi nasara a ko dai zuwa Malta ko ta hanyar iyakokin ƙasa zuwa Masar ko Tunisia; wasu yunkurin sun sami cikas ta hanyar lalacewar tashar jirgin saman Benghazi ko ƙin izinin sauka a Tripoli. Har ila yau, akwai zanga-zangar hadin kai da yawa a wasu ƙasashe waɗanda galibi sun hada da 'yan gudun hijirar Libya. Kasuwancin kuɗi a duniya suna da mummunar martani ga rashin kwanciyar hankali tare da farashin mai ya tashi zuwa shekaru biyu da rabi. == Ƙasashen waje == {| style="float:right; clear:right; margin:1em; width:18em; border:1px solid #a0a0a0; padding:4px; background:#f5f5f5; text-align:left;" |- style="text-align:center;" |'''Kwamitin Tsaro na na 1973 (yanki mara tashi da sauran matakan) {{Flagu|United Nations}}<br />''' |- style="text-align:left;" |'''Kasashen da suka himmatu ga tilasta:''' |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Belgium}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Bulgaria}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Canada}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Denmark}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|France}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Greece}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Italy}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Jordan}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Netherlands}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Norway}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Qatar}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Romania}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galantonu, Dumitrina |date=22 March 2011 |title=Traian Basescu: Romania va trimite fregata Regele Ferdinand cu 205 militari in Mediterana pentru operatiuni de blocare a oricarei nave suspecte ca transporta armament |url=http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-politic-8423876-traian-basescu-sustine-declaratie-presa-ora-21-00-dupa-sedinta-csat.htm |access-date=27 March 2011 |publisher=[[Hotnews.ro]] |language=ro}}</ref> |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Spain}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|Sweden}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|United Arab Emirates}}<ref name="abcnews1" /> |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} |- style="text-align:left; font-size:x-small;" |{{Flagu|United States}} |} *African Union – Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka Jean Ping ya ce AU tana tuntubar gwamnatin Libya kuma ta la’anci dirar-mikin da aka yi wa masu zanga-zanga. A cewar wani taro da aka yi da wakilin Birtaniya a 7 Maris, ba su ƙara wani muhimmin bayani ba.<ref>[http://www.au.int/en/content/auc-and-british-government-discussions-peace-security-and-development AUC and British Government in Discussions on Peace, Security and Development] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722012857/http://www.au.int/en/content/auc-and-british-government-discussions-peace-security-and-development |date=2011-07-22 }} African Union, 9 Maris 2011</ref> A 11 Maris suka sanar da kafa wani kwamiti na shugabannin Afirka Ta Kudu, Uganda, Mauritaniya, Jamhuriyar Kwango da Mali don su je Libya su taimaka wajen kawo ƙarshen tashin hankali.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110315053123/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE72B00320110312 African Union names panel to help end Libya crisis], Reuters Africa, 12 Maris 2011</ref> Sun kuma ƙi amincewa da yankin hana jiragen sama ko kowace irin katsalandan ta ƙasashen yamma, sai dai suka goyi bayan “mafita ta Afirka” ta hanyar sauye-sauye.<ref>[http://www.talkzimbabwe.com/no-western-interference-in-libya-president-mugabe-cms-1215 No western interference in Libya: President Mugabe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315192154/http://www.talkzimbabwe.com/no-western-interference-in-libya-president-mugabe-cms-1215 |date=2011-03-15 }}, Zimbabwe Guardian, 12 Maris 2011</ref> *{{Flagu|Arab League}} – Sakataren Janar Amr Moussa ya bayyana damuwa matuƙa kan halin da ake ciki a Libya tare da kira da a dakatar da tashin hankali nan-da-nan. Bayan taron gaggawa na 22 Fabrairu, ƙungiyar ta dakatar da Libya daga tarurrukan majalisa, tare da la’antar “laifukan da ake aikatawa kan zanga-zangar lumana a birane da dama na Libya.”<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/libya-arabs-moussa-idUSLDE71K1W520110221|title=Arab League deeply concerned by Libya violence|work=Reuters|access-date=22 Fabrairu 2011|date=21 Fabrairu 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-22/arab-league-bars-libya-from-meetings-citing-forces-crimes-.html|title=Arab League Bars Libya From Meetings, Citing Forces' 'Crimes'|date=22 Fabrairu 2011|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date=22 Fabrairu 2011|first=Ola|last=Galal}}</ref> A 7 Maris Moussa ya ce dole Gaddafi ya nemi “sasantawa” da jama’arsa idan yana son ci gaba da mulki, kodayake ya nuna da yawa daga ’yan adawa ba za su karɓi haka ba.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/342514|agency=Al-Masry Al-Youm|date=7 Maris 2011|access-date=8 Maris 2011|title=Moussa calls on Qadhafi to reconcile with Libyans}}</ref> Kungiyar ta yi taro a 12 Maris ta kuma roƙi Kwamitin Sulhu na UN da ya kafa yankin hana jirage, inda Algeria da Syria kawai suka ƙi amincewa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12723554 Arab League backs Libya no-fly zone], BBC News, 12 Maris 2011</ref> *{{Flagu|European Union}} – Babbar wakilar EU kan harkokin waje Catherine Ashton ta la’anci murkushe zanga-zanga da gwamnatin Libya ta yi kuma ta mayar da martani kan barazanar Tripoli ga EU, tana mai cewa “EU za ta yi abin da ya dace.”<ref name="euobserver1">[http://euobserver.com/9/31842 EU Observer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019085008/http://euobserver.com/9/31842 |date=2011-10-19 }}, 21 Fabrairu 2011</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/564118/publicationFile/147381/110221-Ashton-Decl.pdf|title=Declaration by the High Representative, Catherine Ashton, on behalf of the European Union on events in Libya|date=20 Fabrairu 2011|publisher=German Foreign Office|access-date=23 Fabrairu 2011}}</ref> EU ta tattauna batun Libya a 11–12 Maris 2011, sannan Ashton ta ziyarci Cairo a 13 Maris don haɗa kai da Amr Moussa da kuma shugaban gwamnati na wucin-gadi na Masar Essam Sharaf da Nabil Elaraby.<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4041116,00.html EU top diplomat to meet with Arab League in Cairo], YNet News, 12 Maris 2011</ref> *Group of Eight – Ministocin harkokin wajen G8 sun gana a Paris a 14 Maris don tattauna halin da ake ciki da yiwuwar kafa yankin hana tashi jirage.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12735491 G8 leaders consider Libya no-fly zone], BBC News, 14 Maris 2011</ref> *{{Flagu|Gulf Cooperation Council}} – A 8 Maris GCC ta fitar da sanarwar hadin gwiwa tana roƙon UN da ta kafa yankin hana jirage a Libya domin kare fararen hula.<ref name="gcc-sg.org">[http://www.gcc-sg.org/indexc23e.html?action=News&Sub=ShowOne&ID=1919 Joint Statement …] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314164247/http://www.gcc-sg.org/indexc23e.html?action=News&Sub=ShowOne&ID=1919 |date=2011-03-14 }} Gulf Cooperation Council, 8 Maris 2011</ref> A 28 Maris, bayan Qatar ta ɗauki matakin gane Majalisar Ƙwamitin Tsaiko ta Ƙasa a Benghazi, GCC ta goyi bayan wannan sauyi.<ref name="AlJazeera_110329">{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/03/201132814450241767.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=28 Maris 2011|access-date=29 Maris 2011|title=Qatar recognises Libyan rebels after oil deal}}</ref> *International Criminal Court – A 27 Yuni ICC ta fitar da sammaci na kama Muammar Gaddafi, Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi da Abdualla Al-Senussi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111126013502/http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/exeres/D07229DE-4E3D-45BC-8CB1-F5DAF8370218.htm Pre-Trial Chamber I issues three warrants of arrest …] International Criminal Court 2011</ref> Washegari, mai gabatar da ƙara na ICC ya ce ba za su mai da hankali kan zargin laifukan ’yan tawayen ba har sai an gama binciken Gaddafi da kusa-kusa da shi.<ref>[http://www.fidh.org/IMG//pdf/cpiproc579ang.pdf The Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC – 9 years on] FIDH 2011 sh. 23</ref> *United Nations – Sakataren Janar Ban Ki-moon ya bayyana cewa jefa bama-bamai kan fararen hula “idan aka tabbatar, laifi ne mai tsanani a dokar jinƙai ta duniya.” **Shugabar Kwamitin Tsaro Maria Luiza Viotti ta ce kwamitin “ya la’anci amfani da ƙarfi kan fararen hula, ya kuma nemi a dakatar da tashin hankali nan-da-nan tare da magance ƙorafe-korafen jama’a ta hanyar tattaunawa.”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37583&Cr=protests&Cr1=|title=Libya: Security Council, UN officials urge end to use of force against protesters|date=23 Fabrairu 2011|publisher=UN News Centre|access-date=23 Fabrairu 2011}}</ref> **A 26 Fabrairu kwamitin ya zartar da kuduri 1970 ba hamayya — ya sanya takunkumi kan manyan jami’ai goma, Gaddafi da iyalinsa, haramcin tafiye-tafiye da makamai, kana ya mika batun ga ICC don binciken laifukan yaƙi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dipublico.com.ar/english/news/full-text-of-resolution-1970-2011-libya/|title=Text of UNSCR 1970|publisher=Dipublico.com.ar|access-date=14 Satumba 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wyatt|first=Edward|title=Security Council Calls for War Crimes Inquiry in Libya|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/27/world/africa/27nations.html|access-date=27 Fabrairu 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=26 Fabrairu 2011}}</ref> **Navi Pillay, Babbar Kwamishinar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta UN, ta la’anci amfani da harsasai kai tsaye kan masu zanga-zanga.<ref>{{cite news|title=UN rights chief condemns Libya, Bahrain crackdowns|publisher=Fox News Channel|date=18 Fabrairu 2011|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/02/18/rights-chief-condemns-libya-bahrain-crackdowns/|access-date=21 Janairu 2012|agency=Associated Press|location=Geneva}}</ref> **A 17 Maris kwamitin ya amince da Kuduri 1973 (2011) don kafa yankin hana jirage a Libya da duk matakan da suka tsaya bayan mamayar ƙasa, domin kare fararen hula.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/17/un-security-council-resolution UN security council resolution 1973 (2011) on Libya – full text], The Guardian, 17 Maris 2011</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/17/libya-un-security-council-air Libya: UN security council backs no-fly zone and air strikes], The Guardian, 18 Maris 2011</ref> **A 9 Agusta shugabar UNESCO Irina Bokova ta yi Allah-wadai da harin NATO da ya hallaka ’yan jarida uku a tashar Al-Jamahiriya, tana mai cewa “ba a kamata a kai farmaki kan kafafen yaɗa labarai ba.”<ref name="reut">{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE77802120110809|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092721/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE77802120110809|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 Agusta 2011|title=UN official "deplores" NATO attack on Libyan TV|access-date=13 Agusta 2011|date=9 Agusta 2011|work=Reuters}}</ref> **A 11 Agusta, bayan harin NATO a Majer da ake zargin ya kashe fararen hula 85, Ban Ki-moon ya kira bangarorin duka da su yi duk mai yiwuwa domin kauce wa asarar rayukan marasa laifi.<ref name="ban">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8696961/Ban-Ki-moon-alarmed-over-rising-civilian-toll-in-Libya.html|title=Ban Ki-moon alarmed over rising civilian toll in Libya|access-date=13 Agusta 2011|date=12 Agusta 2011|work=The Telegraph|location=London}}</ref> ==Gwamnatoci== ===Gabashin Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka (MENA)=== *{{Flagu|Algeria}} – Aljeriya na daya daga cikin kasashe biyu kacal (tare da Siriya) da suka kada kuri'ar adawa da kudirin kungiyar Larabawa wanda ya bukaci Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa haramcin tashi da saukar jiragen sama a saman Libiya.<ref name="Maghrebia">{{cite news|url=http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/newsbriefs/general/2011/03/13/newsbrief-01|title=Arab League backs Libya no-fly zone|access-date=31 March 2011|date=13 March 2011|agency=Maghrebia}}</ref> Aljeriya ta fuskanci karuwar matsalar jin kai yayin da mutane da dama ke tserewa daga rikicin Libiya suna kokarin ketarawa zuwa cikin iyakar da ke tsakanin kasashen Maghreb guda biyu.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ennaharonline.com/en/news/6080.html|agency=Ennahar Online English|date=20 March 2011|access-date=22 March 2011|title=A hundred new refugees fleeing Libya arrival in Algeria|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726023820/http://www.ennaharonline.com/en/news/6080.html|archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Maris, Ministan Cikin Gida Dahou Ould Kablia ya sanar da cewa Sojojin Aljeriya suna kara tsaurara tsaro a kan iyakar da kasar ke da ita da Libiya, yana nuna damuwa kan yiwuwar kutsawar kungiyar Al-Qaeda a yankin Maghreb, wata kungiyar ta’adda da Tripoli ke zargin tana kokarin kifar da gwamnatin Libiya. "Iyakarmu da Libiya ta zama barazana ga tsaron Aljeriya," in ji Ould Kablia, inda ya bayyana cewa sojojin Aljeriya sun kama kuma suka kashe wani "dan ta’adda" da ke kokarin shiga daga Libiya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/features/2011/03/30/feature-02|agency=Magharebia|date=30 March 2011|access-date=2 April 2011|title=Algeria boosts Libya border security|first=Walid|last=Ramzi}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Bahrain}} – Ministan Harkokin Wajen Bahrain Sheikh Khalid bin Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Khalifa, yayin wata hira da David Frost na tashar Al Jazeera, lokacin da aka tambaye shi dangane da martanin da kasarsa da kuma Libiya suka dauka, ya bayyana halin da ake ciki a Libiya da cewa "abin tausayi ne." <ref>''Frost over the World''. Al Jazeera. 28 February 2011.</ref> Bahrain na daga cikin mambobin kungiyar Libya Contact Group. A ranar 23 ga Agusta, ya bayyana cewa Manama ta amince da Kwamitin Rikon Kwarya na Libiya a matsayin "hukumar halatta kadai na al'ummar 'yan'uwan Libiya".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7824&language=en-US&ItemId=1346|title=Kingdom of Bahrain declares its recognition of Libya's National Transitional Council|date=23 August 2011|access-date=13 July 2025|archive-date=28 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928094518/http://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7824&language=en-US&ItemId=1346|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Egypt}} – Zanga-zangar da ta barke a Libiya ta samu karfafa daga nasarar da aka samu wajen kifar da Shugaba Hosni Mubarak na Masar.<ref name="Afrik">{{cite news|url=http://www.afrik-news.com/article18939.html|agency=Afrik-news|date=12 February 2011|access-date=21 March 2011|title=Libya, Algeria, Yemen, Bahrain, who's Arab world's next?|first=Konye Obaji|last=Ori}}</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa gwamnatin sojan rikon kwarya a Masar na bai wa 'yan tawaye makamai a sirrance. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/egypt-said-to-arm-libya-rebels-2011-03-17|agency=Market Watch|date=17 March 2011|access-date=21 March 2011|title=Egypt Said to Arm Libya Rebels}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Maris (17 ga Maris a EST), dan takarar shugaban kasa kuma jigo a juyin juya hali Mohamed ElBaradei, ya bukaci kwamitin tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ya dauki matakin soji domin goyon bayan 'yan tawaye na Libiya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/132818/india/rebuilding-egypt-will-need-time-elbaradei.html|work=India Today|date=18 March 2011|access-date=21 March 2011|title=Gandhi an inspiration to Egyptian revolution, says ElBaradei}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Agusta, gwamnatin Masar ta sanar da amincewarta da Kwamitin Rikon Kwarya na Libiya.<ref>{{cite news |title= Egypt recognises Libya rebel government |url= http://www.thenewage.co.za/26532-1019-53-Egypt_recognises_Libya_rebel_government |access-date= 22 August 2011 |newspaper= The New Age|location=South Africa |date= 22 August 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120308203558/http://www.thenewage.co.za/26532-1019-53-Egypt_recognises_Libya_rebel_government |archive-date= 8 March 2012}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Iran}} – Shugaba Mahmoud Ahmadinejad ya soki yadda ake murkushe 'yan adawa a Libiya, yana tambaya da mamaki, "Yaya shugaba zai jefa mutanensa da harsasai, tankoki da bamabamai? Yaya shugaba zai yi wa mutanensa ruwan bama-bamai, sannan ya ce 'zan kashe duk wanda ya yi magana'?"<ref>{{cite web |url= http://blogs.aljazeera.net/africa/2011/02/22/live-blog-libya-feb-23 |title=Live Blog – Libya Feb 23 &#124; Al Jazeera Blogs |publisher= Blogs.aljazeera.net |access-date=2013-09-14}}</ref> Kakakin ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Iran, Ramin Mehmanparast, shi ma ya soki yadda gwamnatin Libiya ke murkushe ‘yan tawaye, yana cewa “Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran na ganin tashi tsaye da bukatun ‘yan Libiya suna cikin farkawar Musulunci da ke faruwa a yankin.” {{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Duk da haka, Jagoran Addini na Iran, Ali Khamenei, ya soki matakin NATO a Libiya yana cewa makasudin shi ne “su mallaki man fetur dinta.”<ref>BBC News [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/9432055.stm Libya revolt as it happened: Monday]</ref> *{{Flagu|Iraq}} – Iraq ta aika da tawaga mai girma zuwa taron sirri da shugabannin duniya a birnin Paris a ranar 19 ga Maris don tattauna matakin kasa da kasa kan mulkin Gaddafi.<ref name="ArabsParis">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-20/qatar-says-it-will-join-libya-military-operations-as-arabs-back-offensive.html|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|date=21 March 2011|access-date=21 March 2011|title=Arabs Back Allied Offensive on Libya as Leader Qaddafi Remains Defiant|first=Vivian|last=Salama}}</ref> Ministan Harkokin Wajen Iraq, Hoshyar Zebari, wanda ya wakilci gwamnatin Iraq da kuma Kungiyar Kasashen Larabawa, ya nuna karfin guiwa wajen goyon bayan daukar mataki a taron.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/24/world/middleeast/24iraq.html?src=recg|work=The New York Times|date=23 March 2011|access-date=25 March 2011|title=Ready or Not, Iraq Ascends to Take Helm of Arab Bloc}}</ref> A hukumance, Majalisar Ministocin kasar ta amince da Kwamitin Rikon Kwarya na Libiya a ranar 23 ga Agusta.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL5E7JN1I120110823|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927072427/http://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL5E7JN1I120110823|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 September 2012|work=Reuters|date=23 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|title=Iraq recognises Libyan rebel council}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Israel}} – Shugaban kasar Isra’ila, Shimon Peres, daga Spain ya ce akwai "dariya ta tarihi" saboda Gaddafi ya taba cewa "a samu Gabas ta Tsakiya ba tare da Isra’ila ba", amma yanzu "za a samu Libiya ba tare da Gaddafi ba."<ref name="aljazblog22feb">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/africa/2011/02/22/live-blog-libya-feb-22 |title=Live Blog – Libya Feb 22 |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=22 February 2011 |access-date=2011-02-22}}</ref> Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya kira Libiya da Iran a matsayin kasashe masu karya hakkin bil’adama, yana mai cewa Gaddafi "na yanka wadanda ke adawa da shi." <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=364657|agency=Ma'an News Agency|date=1 March 2011|access-date=7 March 2011|title=Israel says West must treat Iran like Libya|archive-date=23 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723194533/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=364657|url-status=dead}}</ref> Duk da haka, Ministan Harkokin Waje Avigdor Lieberman ya ba da shawarar cewa Isra’ila ta nisanci ‘yan adawan Libiya,<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/world/magazine/97278/saif-qadaffi-libya|title=The Pretender|magazine=The New Republic|date=9 November 2011|last1=Levy|first1=Bernard-Henri}}</ref> yayin da Mataimakin Ministan Ci gaban yankunan Negev da Galilee, Ayoob Kara, ya gudanar da tattaunawa kai tsaye da gwamnatin Gaddafi, inda Saif al-Islam Gaddafi ya wakilta, kan yiwuwar kafa dangantakar diflomasiyya da kuma taimakon wajen sako wani dan Hamas da ke tsare. Wadannan tattaunawar sun ci gaba har sai da 'yan adawa suka kwace Tripoli.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aawsat.net/2011/09/article55245253/gaddafi-offered-to-handover-shalit-in-exchange-for-halting-nato-attack-israeli-official|title=Middle-east Arab News Opinion|first=Asharq|last=Al-awsat|website=aawsat.net|access-date=28 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626184926/http://www.aawsat.net/2011/09/article55245253/gaddafi-offered-to-handover-shalit-in-exchange-for-halting-nato-attack-israeli-official|archive-date=26 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> **Shugabar ‘yan adawa a Isra’ila kuma tsohuwar Ministar Harkokin Waje, Tzipi Livni, ta rubuta cewa masu zanga-zangar sun kasance wani bangare na "ranaku masu matukar muhimmanci na sauyi a Gabas ta Tsakiya", kuma ta ja kunnen cewa, "A mafi kyawun yanayi, wannan guguwa na iya ba da damar gina dimokuradiyya a duniyar Larabawa ... amma a yanayi mafi muni, akwai yiwuwar wadanda ke son amfani da tsarin dimokuradiyya domin cimma manufofin da ba na dimokuradiyya ba su yi amfani da wannan kafar."<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/23/AR2011022305364.html | newspaper=The Washington Post | first=Tzipi | last=Livni | title=For the Mideast, a code for rising democracies | date=24 February 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Jordan}} – A ranar 24 ga Mayu, Jordan ta amince da Kwamitin Rikon Kwarya na Libiya,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.taiwannews.com.tw/etn/news_content.php?id=1606952|work=Taiwan News|date=24 May 2011|access-date=8 June 2011|title=Jordan recognizes Libyan rebels|archive-date=28 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928002917/http://www.taiwannews.com.tw/etn/news_content.php?id=1606952|url-status=dead}}</ref> sannan ta kara matsayin amincewarta a ranar 22 ga Agusta ta hanyar daukar NTC a matsayin gwamnatin doka ta Libiya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Libya – Guardian Live Blog|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/middle-east-unrest-live/2011/aug/22/libya-middle-east-unrest-live#block-65|work=The Guardian |access-date=22 August 2011|location=London|first1=Matthew|last1=Weaver|first2=Paul|last2=Owen|first3=David|last3=Batty|date=22 August 2011}}</ref> Jordan na cikin wadanda suka shiga aikin soja na NATO a Libiya da kuma mambobin Libya Contact Group. *{{Flagu|Kuwait}} – Gwamnatin Kuwait ta soki Gaddafi tare da kiran kasashen Larabawa su soki tashin hankalin.<ref>{{cite news|title= MPs condemn Libya "massacre"|url= http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=NDEyOTAzMDI2|newspaper= Kuwait Times|date= 22 February 2011|access-date= 24 February 2011|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110723173838/http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=NDEyOTAzMDI2|archive-date= 23 July 2011}}</ref> Muryar Rasha ta ruwaito cewa Kuwait ta amince da Kwamitin Rikon Kwarya na Libiya a ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/04/22/49293259.html|agency=The Voice of Russia|date=22 April 2011|access-date=23 April 2011|title=Kuwait recognizes Libyan rebels|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111170136/http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/04/22/49293259.html|archive-date=11 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kuwait na daga cikin mambobin Libya Contact Group. *{{Flagu|Lebanon}} – Kungiyar Hezbollah ta bayyana cewa “duk wanda ke da mutunci da sanin yakamata a duniya ba zai yi shiru ba game da kisan kare dangi da gwamnatin Gaddafi ke yi kullum a fadin kasar. Hezbollah na la’antar laifukan da gwamnatin Gaddafi ke aikatawa a kan al’ummar Libiya, kuma muna goyon bayan masu juyin juya hali a Libiya kuma muna addu’a su yi nasara a kan wannan mugun sarki.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=209249 |title=Hezbollah slams 'crimes committed by Gaddafi regime' |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=2011-02-21 |access-date=2013-09-14}}</ref> Ana kuma ruwaito cewa al’ummar Shi’a sun fara fatan an samu hanyar warware batun bacewar Musa Sadr tun 1978 a Libiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/6408/World/Region/Libya-revolt-may-clear-mystery-on-Lebanon-Imam.aspx |title=Libya revolt may clear mystery on Lebanon Imam – Region – World – Ahram Online |publisher=English.ahram.org.eg |access-date=2013-09-14}}</ref> Lebanon ce ta shigar da kudurin kwamitin tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya domin kafa dokar hana jiragen sama tashi a Libiya sakamakon hare-haren da dakarun Gaddafi ke kai wa fararen hula.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-17/un-security-council-approves-military-action-against-qaddafi-no-fly-zone.html|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|date=17 March 2011|access-date=18 March 2011|title=UN Security Council Authorizes Military Action Against Qaddafi|first=Bill|last=Varner}}</ref> Lebanon na daga cikin mambobin Libya Contact Group. A ranar 23 ga Agusta, gwamnatin Lebanon ta amince da Kwamitin Rikon Kwarya na Libiya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2011/Aug-23/Lebanon-recognizes-Libyas-National-Transitional-Council.ashx|work=The Daily Star|title=Lebanon recognized Libya's National Transitional Council|date=23 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|archive-date=24 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824160115/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2011/Aug-23/Lebanon-recognizes-Libyas-National-Transitional-Council.ashx|url-status=dead}}</ref> **An ce Lebanon da Syria suna tattaunawa kan yiwuwar ceto ‘yan kasarsu daga Libiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=125292 |title=The Daily Star – Politics – Lebanon, Syria discuss Libyan rescue mission |work=The Daily Star|location=Lebanon |date=2011-02-25 |access-date=2013-09-14}}</ref> **Lebanon ta hana wani jirgin sama daga Libiya dauke da mutane 10 izinin sauka bayan ta bukaci a bayyana sunayen fasinjojin kafin su tashi daga Tripoli.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naharnet.com/domino/tn/NewsDesk.nsf/0/1B0873D5C6626A28C225783F00203053?OpenDocument |title=Beirut Refuses Libyan Jet Entry in Lebanon – Naharnet Newsdesk |publisher=Naharnet.com |access-date=2013-09-14}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa matar Hannibal Gaddafi, Aline Skaff, na daga cikin fasinjojin.<ref>[http://aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=1&id=24298 Hannibal Gaddafi fears for safety of son from Hezbollah – Wives' relatives Asharq Alawsat Newspaper (English)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226115304/http://aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=1&id=24298 |date=26 February 2011 }}</ref> *'''{{Flagu|Mauritania}}''' – Wasu ‘yan majalisar dokokin Mauritania sun yi magana a ranar 24 ga Maris suna sukar "kisan gilla" da ake yi a Libya tare da nuna goyon baya ga masu zanga-zanga.<ref>{{cite news |title= Mauritanian MPs condemn 'awful killings' in Libya|url= http://www.afriqueavenir.org/en/2011/02/26/mauritanian-mps-condemn-%E2%80%9Cawful-killings%E2%80%9D-in-libya/|newspaper= Afrique Avenir|date= 26 February 2011|access-date=26 February 2011}}</ref> A farkon watan Yuni, Shugaba Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz ya ce Gaddafi ya kamata ya sauka daga mulki.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rnw.nl/africa/bulletin/kadhafi-can-no-longer-lead-libya-mauritania-president|agency=Radio Netherlands|title=Kadhafi can no longer lead Libya: Mauritania president|date=7 June 2011|access-date=19 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401225016/http://www.rnw.nl/africa/bulletin/kadhafi-can-no-longer-lead-libya-mauritania-president|archive-date=1 April 2012}}</ref> *'''{{Flagu|Morocco}}''' – A ranar 22 ga Agusta, Ministan Harkokin Waje Taib Fassi Fihri ya ce gwamnatinsa ta amince da Majalisar Wucin Gadi ta Kasa "a matsayin wakilin doka da halaltacce na al’ummar Libya".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.romandie.com/news/n/_Le_Maroc_reconnait_le_CNT_visite_du_ministre_marocain_des_AE_a_Benghazi220820112308.asp|title= Le Maroc reconnaît le CNT, visite du ministre marocain des AE à Benghazi|date=23 August 2011|language=fr}}</ref> *'''{{Flagu|Oman}}''' – Gwamnatin Oman ta yi nasarar matsa lamba a cikin kungiyar Larabawa domin ta bukaci MDD ta kafa yankin hana jiragen sama tashi a Libya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/libya-calls-arab-league-support-of-no-fly-zone-unacceptable-1.348955|work=Haaretz|date=13 March 2011|access-date=22 March 2011|title=Libya calls Arab League support of no-fly zone 'unacceptable'|archive-date=18 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318094001/http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/libya-calls-arab-league-support-of-no-fly-zone-unacceptable-1.348955|url-status=dead}}</ref> Oman na cikin kungiyar Hadin Kan Kasashen Gulf (GCC), wacce ta bukaci al’ummomin duniya su dauki mataki kan Libya tare da sukar Gaddafi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/03/2011310211730606181.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=10 March 2011|access-date=22 March 2011|title=GCC: Libya regime lost legitimacy}}</ref> Oman ta amince da Majalisar Wucin Gadi ta Kasa a hukumance a ranar 23 ga Agusta.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.libya.tv/2011/08/23/oman-backs-libyan-revolutionary-council/|title=Oman backs Libyan revolutionary council|date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323132839/http://english.libya.tv/2011/08/23/oman-backs-libyan-revolutionary-council/|archive-date=23 March 2012}}</ref> *'''{{Flagu|Qatar}}''' – Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Qatar ta ce: "Qatar na kallon abubuwan da ke faruwa a Libya da matukar damuwa, musamman amfani da jiragen yaki da bindigogi kan fararen hula... Qatar ta yi Allah-wadai da wannan amfani da karfin bindiga, tana kuma kira ga gwamnatin Libya da ta daina amfani da karfi akan fararen hula kuma ta dakatar da zub da jini."<ref>{{cite news |title= Qatar condemns Libya's crackdown on protests|url= http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidANA20110222T105922ZSWJ50|newspaper= Zawya|date= 22 February 2011|access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref> Yahya Mahmassani, wakilin kungiyar Larabawa a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya nuna cewa Qatar na iya shiga aikin tabbatar da hana jiragen sama tashi a Libya kafin kada kuri’ar amincewa da hakan a Kwamitin Sulhu na MDD.<ref name="UAEQatarXinhua">{{cite news|title=UAE, Qatar to join no-fly zone over Libya if authorized by UN: Arab League envoy|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-03/18/c_13784580.htm|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=18 March 2011|access-date=18 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320184923/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-03/18/c_13784580.htm|archive-date=20 March 2011}}</ref> Qatar ta amince da Majalisar Wucin Gadi ta Kasa a matsayin gwamnati halaltacciya ta Libya a ranar 28 Maris.<ref name="AlJazeera_110329"/> Qatar na cikin kungiyar Tuntuɓar Libya (Libya Contact Group). *'''{{Flagu|Sudan}}''' – Gwamnatin Sudan ta sanar da amincewarta da Majalisar Wucin Gadi ta Kasa a ranar 24 Agusta, tana mai cewa tana kokarin kafa "dangantaka ta aiki" da ita.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-08/24/c_131071287.htm|agency=Xinhua News Agency|title=Sudan Recognizes Libya's National Transitional Council|date=24 August 2011|access-date=24 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108020815/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-08/24/c_131071287.htm|archive-date=8 November 2012}}</ref> A ranar 26 Oktoba, Shugaba Omar al-Bashir ya bayyana cewa Khartoum ta bai wa dakarun adawa da Gaddafi agajin jin kai da kuma makamai da harsasai, wadanda aka yi amfani da su wajen kwace Tripoli a karshen watan Agusta.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/liveblog/libya-oct-26-2011-2019|title=Wed, 26 Oct 2011, 18:19 GMT+3 – Libya|access-date=26 October 2011|publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> *'''{{Flagu|Syria}}''' – Shugaba Bashar al-Assad ya ki amincewa da duk wani shisshigi daga kasashen waje a Libya, ya kuma bukaci al’ummar Libya da su kare kansu da kawo karshen rikicin. Syria ce kadai (tare da Aljeriya) daga cikin kasashen Larabawa da suka kada kuri’ar kin amincewa da bukatar MDD na hana jiragen sama tashi a Libya.<ref name="Maghrebia"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Syria voted against Libya no fly zone|url=http://www.yalibnan.com/2011/03/12/20757/|newspaper=Ya Libnan|date=12 March 2011|access-date=12 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Arab states back Libya no-fly zone|author=Peter Cave, Tim Palmer and wires|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/03/13/3162584.htm?section=world|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318104212/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/03/13/3162584.htm?section=world|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 March 2011|newspaper=ABC News|date=13 March 2011|access-date=13 March 2011}}</ref> Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Syria ta ce: "Syria na jaddada kin amincewarta da duk wani nau’in shisshigi daga kasashen waje cikin harkokin Libya, domin hakan zai saba wa ikon kasar, ‘yancin kanta da kuma hadin kan yankinta,".<ref>{{cite news|title=Syria says against foreign intervention in Libya|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/egyptNews/idAFLDE72917420110310|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902150710/http://af.reuters.com/article/egyptNews/idAFLDE72917420110310|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2012|work=Reuters|date=10 March 2011|access-date=11 March 2011}}</ref> ‘Yan tawayen Libya sun zargi cewa wasu mayakan haya daga Syria ne ke tuka jiragen yaki na gwamnatin Libya, sun kuma ce sun harbo jirage biyu daga cikin su.<ref>{{cite news|title=Libyan rebels shoot down two Syrian war planes|author=Richard Henley Davis|url=http://www.economicvoice.com/libyan-rebels-shoot-down-two-syrian-war-planes/50017136|newspaper=THE ECONOMIC VOICE|date=7 March 2011|access-date=11 March 2011|archive-date=10 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310163109/http://www.economicvoice.com/libyan-rebels-shoot-down-two-syrian-war-planes/50017136|url-status=dead}}</ref> *'''{{Flagu|Tunisia}}''' – Juyin juya halin Tunisia, wanda ya tayar da wani sabon salo na juyin juya hali a Gabas ta Tsakiya, an ambace shi a matsayin tushen zaburar da zanga-zangar Libya.<ref name="Afrik"/> Al Jazeera ta bankado wani yunkuri na diflomasiyya daga gwamnatin Gaddafi zuwa Tunis bayan juyin juya hali a ranar 19 Maris, wanda ya sa ‘yan sanda na Tunisia suka kai dauki bayan ‘yan jarida na Al Jazeera sun sha tsangwama daga jakadan Libya da ma’aikatan otel.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/africa/2011/03/19/libyan-envoys-secret-visit-tunis-exposed|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=19 March 2011|access-date=21 March 2011|title=Libyan envoy's secret visit to Tunis exposed|first=Yasmin|last=Ryan}}</ref> Hukumomin Tunisia sun sha wahala da kwararar ‘yan gudun hijira daga Libya tun bayan da rikicin ya barke, musamman bayan da MDD ta kafa yankin hana jiragen sama tashi a sararin samaniyar gabas da ke makwabtaka da Tunisia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/7325663.html|work=People's Daily|date=21 March 2011|access-date=21 March 2011|title=Tunisian authorities prepares for influx of refugees from Libya }}</ref> A ranar 20 Afrilu, gwamnatin Tunisia ta rufe wasu sassan iyakarta da Libya saboda rawar da sojojin Gaddafi suka taka a ciki. An ruwaito harin roka da harsasai da sojojin Libya suka harba zuwa Tunisia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/90045713?Tunisia%20reportedly%20closes%20border%20with%20Libya%20due%20to%20attacks%20by%20Gadaffi%20forces|agency=All Headline News|date=20 April 2011|access-date=21 April 2011|title=Tunisia reportedly closes border with Libya due to attacks by Gaddafi forces|first=George|last=McGinn}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daga baya, aka ruwaito cewa akalla sojojin Libya 13, ciki har da janar, sun mika wuya ga sojojin Tunisia a iyaka, bayan arangamar da ‘yan tawayen Libya suka yi a yankin tsaunukan Nafusa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE73K0CZ20110421|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913082723/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE73K0CZ20110421|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 September 2012|work=Reuters|date=21 April 2011|access-date=21 April 2011|title=Libyan officers turn themselves over to Tunisia: report}}</ref> Dan jarida na Al Jazeera a Tunisia ya ce har ma da sojoji 100 ne suka tsere suka mika wuya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/africa/libya-live-blog-april-21-0 |publisher=Al Jazeera |title=Libya Live Blog – April 21 |date=21 April 2011 |access-date=21 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110421105452/http://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/africa/libya-live-blog-april-21-0 |archive-date=21 April 2011}}</ref> A ranar 15 Yuni, mai magana da yawun gwamnati ya ce Tunisia za ta amince da NTC idan suka nemi hakan. Daga baya a ranar 20 ga Agusta, Tunisia ta amince da NTC a hukumance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2011-08-20-tunisia-libya-rebels_n.htm|agency=Associated Press|title=Tunis recognizes Libyan rebels as country's rep|date=20 August 2011|access-date=21 January 2012|work=USA Today|location=Tunis}}</ref> *'''{{Flagu|United Arab Emirates}}''' – Gwamnatin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta yi Allah-wadai da tashin hankali a kan masu zanga-zanga, kuma Shugaba Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan ya umarci gidauniyar danginsa da ta tallafa wa mutanen Libya.<ref>{{cite news|title= UAE Condemns Libya Violence, Offers Aid|url= http://www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZW20110224000185/UAE%20Condemns%20Libya%20Violence,%20Offers%20Aid/|newspaper= Zawya|date= 24 February 2011|access-date= 25 February 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110718152635/http://www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZW20110224000185/UAE%20Condemns%20Libya%20Violence,%20Offers%20Aid/|archive-date= 18 July 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref> UAE ta amince da Majalisar Wucin Gadi ta Kasa a ranar 12 Yuni<ref>{{cite web|title=UAE recognises Libya's TNC|url=http://www.wam.org.ae/servlet/Satellite?c=WamLocEnews&cid=1289993951803&p=1135099400124&pagename=WAM%2FWamLocEnews%2FW-T-LEN-FullNews|agency=Emirates News Agency|access-date=12 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615092117/http://www.wam.org.ae/servlet/Satellite?c=WamLocEnews&cid=1289993951803&p=1135099400124&pagename=WAM%2FWamLocEnews%2FW-T-LEN-FullNews|archive-date=15 June 2011}}</ref> kuma UAE na cikin kungiyar Libya Contact Group. ===Nahiyar Afirka ta Kasa da Sahara=== *{{Flagu|Angola}} – Ministan Man Fetur Jose Botelho de Vasconcelos ya danganta tashin farashin mai da “halin da ake ciki na siyasa a Libya da wasu ƙasashe” a ranar 13 ga Afrilu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE73D00920110414|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913082834/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE73D00920110414|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 September 2012|work=Reuters|date=14 April 2011|access-date=24 April 2011|title=Angola: high oil due to Libya strife, geopolitics}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Botswana}} – A watan Fabrairu, gwamnati ta la’anci tashin hankali. “Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje da Haɗin Gwiwar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta kira wakilin Libya domin nuna fushi da kashe-kashen tare da la’antar wannan danyen aiki. Gwamnatin na kira ga gwamnatin Libya da ta yi haquri wajen shawo kan lamarin.”<ref name=botswanacondemns>{{cite news |title= Botswana condemns Libya|url= http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=1138&dir=2011/February/Tuesday22|newspaper= Mmegi Online|date= 22 February 2011|access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref> Botswana ta yanke huldar diflomasiyya da Libya a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu saboda "shugaban Libya bai nuna nadama ba kuma yana ci gaba da ƙin yarda duk da tashin hankali da ya faru wa mutanensa..."<ref name=botswanacondemns/> A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, gwamnati ta bayyana goyon bayan yunkurin sulhu na Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka amma ta bayyana rashin amincewa da duk wani shiri da zai ba Gaddafi, iyalansa ko na kusa da shi damar ci gaba da shugabanci.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.africareview.com/News/-/979180/1143582/-/hp9sqjz/-/|agency=Africa Review|title=Botswana seeks Gaddafi departure, welcomes Gbagbo capture|date=13 April 2011|access-date=24 April 2011|first=Wene|last=Owino}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, jaridar The Botswana Gazette ta bayyana cewa gwamnatin ta ƙi karɓar kyautar injinan noma daga gwamnatin Libya. “Ba yana nufin saboda katse hulɗar diflomasiyya bane,” in ji daraktan hulɗa da jama'a Tshenolo Modise, sai dai ta amince cewa gwamnati ta ga kyautar ba daidai ba ce tunda yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa da Libya bata kammala ba kafin katse hulɗar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://gazettebw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9356:botswana-spurns-libya-tractor-gifts&catid=18:headlines&Itemid=2|work=The Botswana Gazette|first=Oarabile|last=Mosikare|date=20 April 2011|access-date=23 April 2011|title=Botswana spurns Libya tractor gifts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420102829/http://gazettebw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9356:botswana-spurns-libya-tractor-gifts&catid=18:headlines&Itemid=2|archive-date=20 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Duk da cewa Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta ƙi bin umarnin kama Gaddafi daga Kotun Ƙasa da Ƙasa, Botswana ta ce tana goyon bayan kama shi kuma za ta aiwatar da hakan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Botswana-breaks-ranks-over-Gaddafi-20110706|agency=News24|date=6 July 2011|access-date=12 July 2011|title=Botswana breaks ranks over Gaddafi}}</ref> Botswana ta amince da NTC a ranar 11 ga Agusta.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=945&dir=2011/August/Friday12|work=Mmegi|date=12 August 2011|access-date=12 August 2011|title=Botswana recognises Libya's rebel govt}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Burkina Faso}} – A ranar 24 ga Agusta, gwamnati ta bayyana amincewa da NTC amma ta ce za ta iya bai wa Gaddafi mafaka idan ya nema, ko da yake Burkina Faso mamba ce ta Kotun Ƙasa da Ƙasa da ta bayar da sammacin kama Gaddafi.<ref name="burkchad">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14610722|work=BBC News |publisher=BBC|date=24 August 2011|access-date=24 August 2011|title=Live: Battle for Tripoli}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Cape Verde}} – Gwamnatin ta amince da NTC a ranar 26 ga Yuni a matsayin “wakilin hukuma” na Libya, sannan ta sake tabbatar da amincewarta a ranar 26 ga Agusta tare da kira ga sauyi na dimokuradiyya da zaman lafiya da girmama haɗin ƙasar Libya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.afriquejet.com/ntc-libya-cape-verde-reaffirms-recognition-of-libyan-ntc-2011082621192.html|agency=Afrique en Ligne|title=NTC Libya: Cape Verde reaffirms recognition of Libyan NTC|date=26 August 2011|access-date=26 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606165502/http://www.afriquejet.com/ntc-libya-cape-verde-reaffirms-recognition-of-libyan-ntc-2011082621192.html|archive-date=6 June 2012}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Chad}} – Shugaba Idriss Déby Itno ya bayyana cewa yana da tabbaci “cikin dari bisa dari” cewa Al Qaeda a yankin Maghreb (AQIM) sun kwace makaman soja daga sansanonin Libya, ciki har da rokokin ƙasa da jirgi. Ya kara da cewa AQIM na daga cikin wadanda suka yi yaki da Gaddafi. A ranar 24 Maris, jakadan Chad a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya fada wa manema labarai cewa "Gaddafi ba shi da abokai". A farkon watan Afrilu, gwamnatin Chad ta zargi ’yan tawayen Libya da kashe ’yan Chadi bisa zargin cewa su ’yan saka-kai ne. Gwamnatin ta karyata cewa akwai ’yan Chad da ke yaƙi a Libya. A ranar 24 Agusta, Chad ta amince da Majalisar NTC a matsayin wakiliyyar halastacciyar gwamnati. *{{Flagu|Comoros}} – Gwamnatin Comoros ta samu taimako daga Turkiyya wajen kwashe ’yan ƙasarta daga Libya a lokacin tashin hankali. Libya na ci gaba da kasancewa da rundunar sojinta a Comoros kafin mika mulki. *{{Flagu|Ivory Coast}} – A ranar 25 Agusta, Ministan Harkokin Wajen kasar, Daniel Duncan, ya bayyana damuwa kan kisan gillar da ke faruwa a Libya da take hakkin bil’adama, tare da amincewa da NTC a matsayin halastacciyar wakiliyyar jama’ar Libya. Har ila yau, ya nuna damuwa da rikicin cikin gida da kasar ke ciki tsakanin Ouattara da Gbagbo, wanda ya haddasa tabarbarewar hakkin dan Adam. *{{Flagu|Equatorial Guinea}} – Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Shugaba Teodoro Obiang Nguema ya kira Gaddafi sau biyu yana kokarin samun goyon bayan AU, kodayake daga baya gwamnati ta ce an fassara kiran da ba daidai ba. Sannan gwamnatin ta hana yada labaran juyin juya hali a kasashen Larabawa (Arab Spring). *{{Flagu|Ethiopia}} – A ranar 12 Yuli, Ministan Harkokin Wajen Faransa ya ce ya gana da Firayim Minista Meles Zenawi, wanda ya nuna cewa Gaddafi ya kamata ya sauka. A ranar 24 Agusta, Ethiopia ta bayyana amincewarta da NTC kuma ta bukaci AU ta yi haka. *{{Flagu|Gabon}} – A matsayin mamba na dindindin a Kwamitin Tsaro na MDD, Gabon ta kada kuri'a na amincewa da kafa yankin da jiragen yaki ba za su shiga ba a Libya a ranar 17 Maris. A ranar 12 Agusta, ta bayyana goyon baya ga NTC. *{{Flagu|Gambia}} – Shugaba Yahya Jammeh ya bukaci Gaddafi ya sauka daga mulki tare da sukar AU kan yin shiru. Gwamnatin Gambia ta kwashe ’yan ECOWAS fiye da 300 daga Libya. A ranar 22 Afrilu, Gambia ta amince da NTC kuma ta kori dukkan jakadun da ke goyon bayan Gaddafi. *{{Flagu|Ghana}} – Gwamnatin Ghana ta ce ba ta da cikakken bayani kan yawan ’yan Ghana da ke Libya. A 22 Maris, Ministan Harkokin Waje Alhaji Mohammed Mumuni ya ce sun kwashe fiye da mutum 16,000. Gwamnatin na ci gaba da kokarin dawo da sauran 'yan Ghana gida. *{{Flagu|Guinea}} – Gwamnatin Guinea ta hana gudanar da zanga-zangar goyon bayan Gaddafi da wasu matasa ke shirin yi a ranar 25 Maris. *{{Flagu|Kenya}} – A ranar 2 Afrilu, wani jami’in gwamnati ya ce babu tattaunawa a Nairobi kan kama kadarorin Gaddafi da ke Kenya, duk da tanadin kudurin MDD. *{{Flagu|Lesotho}} – Gwamnatin Lesotho ta bayyana damuwarta kan rikicin da ke faruwa a Libya. *{{Flagu|Liberia}} – Gwamnatin Liberia ta la’anci tashin hankali tare da bayyana bakin ciki kan asarar rayuka. Shugaba Ellen Johnson Sirleaf ta ce a ganinta, ba dole ba ne a magance rikicin Libya ta hanyar soji daga ƙasashen waje. A ranar 14 Yuni, ta yanke hulda da gwamnatin Gaddafi. Daga baya, Sirleaf ta ce suna duba yiwuwar amincewa da NTC. *{{Flagu|Ghana}} – Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Ghana ta ce ba ta da tabbacin adadin 'yan Ghanar da ke Libya a lokacin da rikicin ya fara a watan Fabrairu. A ranar 22 ga Maris, Ministan Harkokin Waje Alhaji Mohammed Mumuni ya bayyana cewa fiye da Ghanar 16,000 an kwashe su daga Libya zuwa gida, wanda ya zarce kiyasin farko da aka yi. Ya ce gwamnati na ci gaba da ƙoƙarin gano yawan 'yan Ghana da suka rage a can da kuma kwashe su zuwa gida, yana mai cewa “Accra ta himmatu wajen dawo da ɗan Ghana na ƙarshe daga Libya.”<ref>{{cite news|date=25 March 2011|access-date=9 April 2011|url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/libya-ghana:-unknown-number-of-nationals-in-libya-poses-evacuation-problems-201103266475.html|title=Libya-Ghana: Unknown Number of Nationals in Libya Poses Evacuation Problems|agency=Afrique en ligne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606164227/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/libya-ghana:-unknown-number-of-nationals-in-libya-poses-evacuation-problems-201103266475.html|archive-date=6 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jakadancin Ghana a Libya da Burkina Faso sun taimaka wajen dawo da 'yan ƙasar gida.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=206454|agency=GhanaWeb|date=6 April 2011|access-date=9 April 2011|title=More Ghanaians from Libya return home}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Guinea}} – Gwamnatin kasar ta hana 'yan ƙasa gudanar da gangamin goyon bayan Gaddafi a ranar 25 ga Maris.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.cri.cn/6966/2011/03/24/2681s628214.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712052102/http://english.cri.cn/6966/2011/03/24/2681s628214.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 July 2012|agency=CRI English|date=24 March 2011|access-date=25 March 2011|title=Guinea Bans Pro-Gaddafi Demonstration}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Kenya}} – A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, jaridar East African Business Week ta ce ta yi magana da wani jami’in gwamnati a Kenya wanda ya musanta cewa ana tattauna batun kwace kadarorin Gaddafi a ƙasar, sabanin dokar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta Resolution 1970.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.busiweek.com/11/news/kenya/746-kenya-will-not-seize-gadaffi-companies|work=East African Business Week|title=Kenya will not seize Gadaffi companies|date=2 April 2011|access-date=5 April 2011|first=Daniel|last=Semberya|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405193150/http://www.busiweek.com/11/news/kenya/746-kenya-will-not-seize-gadaffi-companies|archive-date=5 April 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Lesotho}} – Gwamnatin kasar ta bayyana damuwa game da halin da ake ciki a Libya.<ref>{{cite news |title= Lesotho expresses concern over situation in Libya|url= http://www.afriqueavenir.org/en/2011/02/26/lesotho-expresses-concern-over-situation-in-libya/|newspaper= Afrique Avenir|date= 26 February 2011|access-date=26 February 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Liberia}} – Gwamnatin ta yi Allah wadai da tashin hankali a Libya kuma ta nuna tausayinta ga asarar rayukan Afirka. <ref>{{cite news |title= Liberia condemns violence, urges restraint in Libya|date= 26 February 2011|publisher= Afrique Avenir|url= http://www.afriqueavenir.org/en/2011/02/26/liberia-condemns-violence-urges-restraint-in-libya/|access-date=26 February 2011}}</ref> Amma shugabar ƙasa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf ta bayyana cewa la’akari da abubuwan da suka faru da Liberia lokacin shigowar sojojin ƙetare, ba ta goyi bayan warware rikicin Libya da karfin soja daga ƙasashen waje. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/2011/03/110301_sirleaf_libya.shtml|work=BBC News |date=1 March 2011|access-date=25 March 2011|title=Liberian president condemns violence in Libya}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Yuni, gwamnatin ta yanke huldar diflomasiyya da gwamnatin Gaddafi, ta janye jakadan ta daga Tripoli, tare da kwace matsayin diflomasiyya daga ma'aikatan Libya a Monrovia. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.lr/press.php?news_id=383|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726080324/http://www.mofa.gov.lr/press.php?news_id=383|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 July 2011|title=Government of Liberia Sever Diplomatic Relations with the Qadhafi Regime|publisher=Liberian Ministry of Foreign Affairs|date=14 June 2011}}</ref> Daga baya Sirleaf ta ce gwamnatin ta na duba yiwuwar amincewa da NTC.<ref>{{cite news|first=Fatoumata N. |last=Fofana |url=http://www.liberianobserver.com/content/libya-defaulted-projects |title=Libya Defaulted on Projects |newspaper=The Daily Observer|date=20 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928053019/http://www.liberianobserver.com/content/libya-defaulted-projects |archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Madagascar}} – A ranar 24 ga Agusta, gwamnatin ta bayyana cewa tana goyon bayan Majalisar Ƙasar Libya ta wucin gadi (NTC), tana mai jaddada bukatar kafa gwamnati mai cikakken wakilci da zaman lafiya a Libya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Madagascar-reconnait-le-CNT,16242.html|title=Madagascar reconnait le CNT libyen|work=Madagascar Tribune|date=24 August 2011|access-date=25 August 2011|language=fr}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Malawi}} – Gwamnatin Malawi ta amince da Majalisar Ƙasar Libya ta wucin gadi (NTC) a matsayin halastacciyar wakiliyar mutanen Libya a ranar 25 Agusta.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/2011/08/25/malawi-recognises-libyas-interim-government/|title=Malawi recognises Libya’s interim government|work=Nyasa Times|date=25 August 2011|access-date=26 August 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Mali}} – A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Mali ta bayyana cewa ba za ta bada mafaka ga Gaddafi ba, duk da rade-radin cewa yana iya gudun hijira zuwa ƙasar. Gwamnatin ta ce za ta girmama yarjejeniyar ICC wadda Mali ke cikinta.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20110901-libya-mali-gaddafi-asylum-icc-wanted-war-crimes|title=Mali rules out Gaddafi asylum, says will respect ICC|work=France 24|date=1 September 2011|access-date=2 September 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Mauritania}} – Gwamnatin Mauritania ta ce tana goyon bayan warware rikicin Libya ta hanyar diflomasiyya kuma ta yi kira da a gaggauta kawo karshen tashin hankali.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/7324876.html|title=Mauritania calls for peaceful resolution of Libyan crisis|agency=Xinhua|date=18 March 2011|access-date=20 March 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Mauritius}} – Mauritius ta goyi bayan matakan da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ɗauka a kan Libya kuma ta bayyana cewa tana jiran isasshen lokaci kafin yanke hukunci kan NTC.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/ntc-libye-maurice-ne-veut-pas-pr%C3%A9cipiter-les-choses|title=NTC Libye: Maurice ne veut pas précipiter les choses|work=L'Express|date=26 August 2011|access-date=27 August 2011|language=fr}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Mozambique}} – Mozambique ta ce tana nazarin halin da ake ciki a Libya kafin yanke hukunci dangane da sabuwar gwamnatin wucin gadi (NTC).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/article-08-25-2011-mocambique-libia-reconhecimento-128441228/1256603.html|title=Moçambique ainda não reconheceu novo governo da Líbia|work=Voice of America|date=25 August 2011|access-date=26 August 2011|language=pt}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Namibia}} – A watan Maris, shugaba [[Hifikepunye Pohamba]] ya bayyana damuwa kan hare-haren da ake kaiwa a Libya tare da sukar amfani da karfin soja daga kasashen yamma. Sai dai daga bisani, babu wata cikakkiyar sanarwa game da matsayin Namibia kan sabuwar gwamnatin NTC.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=80781&no_cache=1|title=Namibia worried about Libya air strikes|work=The Namibian|date=21 March 2011|access-date=22 March 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Niger}} – A ranar 24 Agusta, gwamnatin Niger ta bayyana amincewarta da NTC. Sai dai daga baya rahotanni sun bayyana cewa wasu daga cikin kusa da Gaddafi sun samu mafaka a ƙasar, ciki har da ɗansa Saadi Gaddafi, wanda ya isa Agadez a cikin watan Satumba.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14887174|title=Saadi Gaddafi flees to Niger|work=BBC News|date=12 September 2011|access-date=13 September 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Nigeria}} – A ranar 23 Agusta, Najeriya ta bayyana cewa tana amincewa da NTC a matsayin halastacciyar gwamnatin Libya. Ministan harkokin wajen Najeriya ya ce Najeriya ta yanke wannan shawara ne domin goyon bayan ra'ayin al'umma da kuma tabbatar da zaman lafiya a Libya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/08/nigeria-recognises-libyan-rebels/|title=Nigeria recognises Libyan rebels|work=Vanguard|date=23 August 2011|access-date=24 August 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Rwanda}} – Gwamnatin Rwanda ta bayyana goyon bayanta ga ƙoƙarin da Majalisar Ƙungiyar Afirka ke yi don sasanta rikicin Libya, tare da bayyana cewa tana fatan za a samu warware rikicin cikin lumana da mutunta 'yancin jama'ar Libya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/55396/National/rwanda-backs-au-on-libya|title=Rwanda backs AU on Libya|work=The New Times|date=22 March 2011|access-date=25 March 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|São Tomé and Príncipe}} – A watan Satumba, kasar ta bayyana amincewa da NTC a matsayin halastacciyar gwamnati a Libya, tana mai goyon bayan mika mulki cikin lumana da dimokuradiyya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.panapress.com/Sao-Tome-et-Principe-reconnait-le-CNT-libyen--13-801294-17-lang2-index.html|title=Sao Tomé et Principe reconnait le CNT libyen|agency=Panapress|date=10 September 2011|access-date=11 September 2011|language=fr}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Senegal}} – Shugaban ƙasa [[Abdoulaye Wade]] ne ya fara halarta a Libya bayan juyin juya hali kuma ya gana da jagororin NTC. Senegal ce ta farko daga kasashen Afirka da ta amince da NTC a hukumance a watan Yuli 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14275001|title=Senegal becomes first African nation to recognise NTC|work=BBC News|date=25 July 2011|access-date=26 July 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Seychelles}} – Gwamnatin Seychelles ta bayyana damuwa kan tashin hankali a Libya, tana mai jaddada bukatar sasanci da kare lafiyar fararen hula, tare da nuna goyon baya ga ƙoƙarin diflomasiyya na warware rikicin.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nation.sc/archive/229891/seychelles-condemns-violence-in-libya-calls-for-peaceful-solution|title=Seychelles condemns violence in Libya, calls for peaceful solution|work=Seychelles Nation|date=2 March 2011|access-date=5 March 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Sierra Leone}} – A ranar 26 Agusta, kasar ta bayyana amincewarta da NTC kuma ta yi kira da a kafa sabuwar gwamnatin da za ta hada kowa da kowa tare da wanzar da zaman lafiya a Libya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/201108/667408.shtml|title=Sierra Leone recognizes Libya’s NTC|work=Global Times|date=26 August 2011|access-date=27 August 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Somalia}} – Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Somalia ta ce tana kallon NTC a matsayin wakiliyar sahihiya ta al’ummar Libya, kuma tana fatan ganin zaman lafiya da daidaito sun dawo a kasar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.shabelle.net/news/archives/002007.html|title=Somali interim government supports Libya’s NTC|agency=Shabelle Media Network|date=28 August 2011|access-date=29 August 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|South Africa}} – Koda yake South Africa ta jima ba tare da amincewa da NTC ba, a ƙarshe ta bayyana amincewa da NTC a ranar 20 Satumba 2011 bayan taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] ya bayyana cewa an yarda da hukuncin jama’ar Libya, kuma yana fatan za a dawo da zaman lafiya da dimokuradiyya a kasar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/libya-safrica-idUSL5E7KK2N520110920|title=South Africa recognises Libya’s NTC|agency=Reuters|date=20 September 2011|access-date=21 September 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Sudan}} – Shugaba [[Omar al-Bashir]] ya bayyana goyon baya ga juyin juya hali a Libya kuma ya yi kira da a tuhumci Gaddafi kan laifukan da ya aikata. A ranar 23 Agusta, Sudan ta bayyana cewa tana amincewa da NTC a matsayin wakilin halastaccen gwamnatin Libya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/8/24/libyan-rebels-recognised-by-sudan|title=Libyan rebels recognised by Sudan|work=Al Jazeera|date=24 August 2011|access-date=25 August 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Swaziland}} (eSwatini) – Ba ta bayyana matsayinta a hukumance ba, amma rahotanni sun nuna cewa Swaziland ta kasance cikin kasashen da suka karɓi tallafin kudi daga gwamnatin Gaddafi kafin juyin juya hali.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/gaddafi-funding-governments-in-africa-1042716|title=Gaddafi funding governments in Africa|work=IOL News|date=14 March 2011|access-date=15 March 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Tanzania}} – Gwamnatin Tanzania ta bayyana cewa tana maraba da kowane mataki da zai kawo karshen rikici a Libya, tana mai kira da a mutunta hakkin dan Adam da kuma tabbatar da zaman lafiya mai dorewa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dailynews.co.tz/news/tanzania-urges-calm-in-libya.aspx|title=Tanzania urges calm in Libya|work=Daily News Tanzania|date=21 March 2011|access-date=23 March 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Togo}} – A ranar 25 Agusta, gwamnatin Togo ta amince da Majalisar NTC a matsayin halastacciyar gwamnati a Libya kuma ta bayyana shirin ci gaba da aiki tare da ita.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/Toutes-les-rubriques/Diplomatie/Le-Togo-reconnait-le-CNT-libyen|title=Le Togo reconnait le CNT libyen|agency=République Togolaise|date=25 August 2011|access-date=26 August 2011|language=fr}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Tunisia}} – A ranar 21 Agusta, gwamnatin Tunisia ta bayyana cewa tana amincewa da NTC, kuma ta bude ofishin jakadanci ga sabon gwamnati a Tripoli cikin gaggawa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.middle-east-online.com/en/node/462561|title=Tunisia recognises Libya’s rebel council|agency=Middle East Online|date=22 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Uganda}} – Shugaba [[Yoweri Museveni]] ya soki NATO bisa kai hare-hare a Libya amma daga baya ya bayyana cewa Uganda za ta yi aiki da kowane hukuma ko gwamnati da al’ummar Libya suka kafa bisa amincewarsu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/688334-1223012-format-xhtml-95j96bz/index.html|title=Museveni speaks out on Libya|work=Daily Monitor|date=27 August 2011|access-date=28 August 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Zambia}} – A watan Agusta 2011, gwamnatin Zambiya ta ce tana goyon bayan samar da sabuwar gwamnati a Libya ta hanyar da ta dace da ra’ayin jama’a. Daga bisani, ta amince da NTC a matsayin gwamnati halastacciya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2011/08/26/zambia-recognises-libyan-rebels-ntc/|title=Zambia recognises Libyan rebels (NTC)|work=Lusaka Times|date=26 August 2011|access-date=27 August 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Zimbabwe}} – Gwamnatin Zimbabwe, karkashin shugaba [[Robert Mugabe]], ta soki hare-haren da NATO ke kaiwa a Libya da kuma kawar da Gaddafi, tana mai cewa wannan yunkuri ne na yammacin duniya na mamaye arzikin Afirka. Har zuwa ƙarshen rikicin, Zimbabwe ba ta bayyana goyon bayanta ga NTC ba.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/25/robert-mugabe-libya-gaddafi|title=Robert Mugabe denounces Nato and the West over Gaddafi|work=The Guardian|date=25 August 2011|access-date=26 August 2011}}</ref> ===Amurka=== *{{Flagu|Antigua and Barbuda}} – Firayim Minista Baldwin Spencer ya ce yana “cike da damuwa” da abubuwan da ke faruwa a Libya, a cewar Al Jazeera English. “Ko muna so ko ba mu so, har yanzu muna da dogaro sosai da man fetur daga Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma yawancin tattalin arzikinmu yana dogara da hakan,” in ji Spencer.<ref name="Barrett">{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/04/201141914463190398.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=19 April 2011|access-date=23 April 2011|first=Kathy|last=Barrett|title=Libyan investments in Caribbean under threat}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Argentina}} – Gwamnatin ta bayyana “damuwa matuka”, ta yi nadama kan asarar rayuka, kuma ta bukaci warware rikicin cikin gaggawa da lumana.<ref name="argresponse">{{Cite news |url=http://mrecic.gob.ar/com.php?buscar=5045 |title=Press release of the Argentine Foreign Affairs Ministry |date=21 February 2011 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Argentina |access-date=22 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706083423/http://mrecic.gob.ar/com.php?buscar=5045 |archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Bolivia}} – Shugaba Evo Morales ya ce “A ƙarshe dai suna son su mallaki man Libya... Haka dai ƙasashe masu ƙarfi suke,” inda ya soki shisshigin Yamma a Iran – yanzu kuma “suna ƙirƙiro matsala da Muammar Gaddafi”.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/world/intervention-is-just-a-grab-for-oil-say-libyas-allies/story-e6frfkui-1226024861708 | agency=Agence France-Presse | title=Intervention is just a grab for oil, say Libya's allies | date=20 March 2011 | access-date=13 July 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618112058/http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/world/intervention-is-just-a-grab-for-oil-say-libyas-allies/story-e6frfkui-1226024861708 | archive-date=18 June 2012 | url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Brazil}} – Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje ta fitar da sanarwa tana Allah wadai da “ta’addancin da aka aikata a lokacin zanga-zangar jama’a da ta yi sanadiyyar mutuwar fararen hula” tare da kiran gwamnati da ta mutunta 'yancin bayyana ra’ayi na masu zanga-zanga.<ref>Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (18 February 2011). [http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/sala-de-imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/situacao-na-libia Nota nº 66 Situation in Libya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310184924/http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/sala-de-imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/situacao-na-libia |date=10 March 2012 }}.</ref> *{{Flagu|Canada}} – Ministan Harkokin Wajen Canada Lawrence Cannon ya la'anci farmaki kan "masu zanga-zanga marasa laifi", kuma ya bukaci jami’an tsaron Libiya su "girmama haƙƙin ɗan Adam na masu zanga-zanga da kuma kare haƙƙin su na bayyana ra'ayi da yin taro."<ref name="canresponse">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/libyan-crackdowns-outrageous-pm-1.1034072 |title=Canada condemns Libyan crackdowns: Cannon |date=21 February 2011 |author=CBC News |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=21 February 2011}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, Cannon ya sanar da aikewa da jirage zuwa Libiya don ceto 'yan ƙasar Canada da ke makale, inda za a wuce da su zuwa Turai kafin su koma gida. Jimillar 'yan ƙasar 331 ne suka yi rijista a ofishin jakadancin Canada da ke Tripoli, inda 91 daga ciki suka ce suna shirin barin kasar.<ref name="CANevacuate">{{Cite news |author=CBC News |title=Ottawa to evacuate Canadians in Libya |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ottawa-to-fly-canadians-out-of-libya-1.980590 |date=22 February 2011 |access-date=22 February 2011}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Yuni, Canada – mamba a rukunin Libya Contact Group – ta amince da Majalisar Rikon Kwarya a matsayin gwamnatin doka a Libiya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Canada recognizes anti-gadhafi rebels as libyas new government|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/canada-recognizes-anti-gadhafi-rebels-as-libyas-new-government/article2060025/|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=14 June 2011|location=Toronto|first=Campbell|last=Clark|date=14 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128094959/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/canada-recognizes-anti-gadhafi-rebels-as-libyas-new-government/article2060025/|archive-date=28 November 2011}}</ref> ** Canada ta dakatar da aikin jakadancinta a Libiya a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu kuma ta janye jakadanta Sandra McCardell.<ref>{{Cite news |author=CBC News |title=Canada suspends diplomatic presence in Libya |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada-suspends-diplomatic-presence-in-libya-1.612502 |date=26 February 2011 |access-date=26 February 2011 |archive-date=1 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001162446/http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada-suspends-diplomatic-presence-in-libya-1.612502 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ** Canada ta saka takunkumi kan dukiyar Muammar Gaddafi da iyalinsa a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Rogers Broadcasting |title=Canada suspends diplomatic presence in Libya |publisher=Rogers Broadcasting |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada-suspends-diplomatic-presence-in-libya-1.612502 |date=26 February 2011 |access-date=26 February 2011 |archive-date=1 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001162446/http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada-suspends-diplomatic-presence-in-libya-1.612502 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ** Jiragen saman soja guda uku daga Canada (C-17 biyu da C-130J guda ɗaya) suna jirin izini a Malta don kwaso 'yan kasar daga Libiya. ** Canada ta aike da jirgin ruwan yaki {{HMCS|Charlottetown|FFH 339|6}} zuwa Tekun Bahar Rum don haɗuwa da sauran jiragen yaki na ƙasashen duniya a gabar Libiya.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/naval-mission-signals-ottawas-hardening-stand-on-libyan-crisis/article1927727/ | location=Toronto | work=The Globe and Mail | title=Naval mission signals Ottawa's hardening stand on Libyan crisis | date=23 August 2012}}</ref> ** Canada ta tura jiragen yaki guda shida nau’in CF-18 Hornet domin taimakawa wajen tabbatar da dokar hana jiragen sama tashi a Libiya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.torontosun.com/news/canada/2011/03/17/17662461.html|title=(no title)|newspaper=Toronto Sun}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Sweden}} – Firayim Minista Fredrik Reinfeldt ya bayyana tashin hankali da ake yi a Libiya a matsayin abin Allah wadai kuma ya goyi bayan matakin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. *{{Flagu|Switzerland}} – Shugaba Micheline Calmy-Rey ta bayyana cewa Switzerland ta sanya takunkumi ga kadarorin Gaddafi da iyalansa, kuma ta bukaci sauyi cikin lumana. *{{Flagu|United Kingdom}} – Firayim Minista David Cameron ya soki yadda Gaddafi ke murkushe masu zanga-zanga, ya kuma fitar da takunkumi da cire izinin tafiya ga manyan jami’an gwamnati. Birtaniya ta goyi bayan harin soji na NATO don kare fararen hula a Libiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2011/mar/19/libya-air-strikes-david-cameron|title=David Cameron backs air strikes against Libya|publisher=The Guardian|date=19 March 2011}}</ref> ===Turai=== *{{Flagu|Albaniya}} – Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ta bayyana damuwa sosai game da halin da ake ciki a Libiya, tana kiran a dakatar da tashin hankali da kuma a girmama hakkin ɗan adam. *{{Flagu|Ostiriya}} – Firayim Minista Werner Faymann da Ministan Harkokin Wajen Michael Spindelegger sun ƙi amincewa da tashin hankali da gwamnatin Libiya ke yi ga masu zanga-zanga, kuma sun bukaci hukuma ta daina amfani da karfi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/startpage/|title=Austrian Foreign Ministry – Press release|access-date=25 February 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Belgiyum}} – Firayim Minista Yves Leterme ya bayyana cewa gwamnatin Gaddafi ta rasa sahihancin shugabanci kuma dole ne ta sauka. *{{Flagu|Bulgariya}} – Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje ta fitar da sanarwa tana kiran gwamnati ta gaggauta dakatar da tashin hankali kuma ta tabbatar da kare rayukan fararen hula. *{{Flagu|Cyprus}} – Gwamnati ta bayyana cewa tana bin al’amuran da ke faruwa a Libiya da kulawa, tana mai kiran a dakatar da amfani da karfi. *{{Flagu|Czech Republic}} – Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje ta ce tana yin Allah wadai da kisan da ake yi wa masu zanga-zanga kuma tana goyon bayan hukunci da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ɗauka. *{{Flagu|Denmark}} – Firayim Minista Lars Løkke Rasmussen ya bayyana goyon baya ga matakan da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ɗauka kan Libiya, yana cewa dole ne a hukunta masu laifi. *{{Flagu|Finland}} – Shugaba Tarja Halonen da Firayim Minista Mari Kiviniemi sun soki tashin hankali da aka yi amfani da shi kan fararen hula, suna mai kiran kawo ƙarshen hakan cikin gaggawa. *{{Flagu|Faransa}} – Shugaba Nicolas Sarkozy ya ce Gaddafi dole ne ya sauka, kuma Faransa ta rufe ofishinta na jakadanci a Libiya. Faransa ce ta farko da ta amince da Hukumar Sauyin Libiya a matsayin gwamnati ɗin da ta dace.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20110310-france-recognizes-libyan-opposition-national-council-gaddafi|title=France recognises Libyan opposition as 'legitimate' government|publisher=France 24|date=10 March 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Jamus}} – Shugabar gwamnati Angela Merkel ta bayyana cewa abu ne da ba za a yarda da shi ba, yadda gwamnatin Gaddafi ke amfani da karfi wajen murkushe masu zanga-zanga. Jamus ta dakatar da sayar da makamai zuwa Libiya kuma ta fitar da matakan takunkumi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/merkel-condemns-libya-crackdown/a-14867301|title=Merkel condemns Libya crackdown|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=22 February 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *{{Flagu|Girka}} – Firayim Minista George Papandreou ya nuna damuwa, ya kuma bukaci a gudanar da sauyi ta hanyar zaman lafiya. Haka kuma Girka ta karɓi jiragen ruwa da jiragen sama na baƙin haure da suka fito daga Libiya. *{{Flagu|Hungary}} – Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje ta ce tana goyon bayan matakan da Tarayyar Turai da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka ɗauka, tana mai kiran gwamnatin Libiya ta daina amfani da karfi. *{{Flagu|Ireland}} – Firayim Minista Brian Cowen ya bayyana tashin hankali da ake yi a Libiya a matsayin abin damuwa sosai kuma ya bukaci gwamnatin Gaddafi da ta girmama hakkin ɗan adam da kuma kawo sauyi. *{{Flagu|Italiya}} – Firayim Minista Silvio Berlusconi ya dakatar da yarjejeniyar abota da Libiya, yana kiran Gaddafi da ya sauka. Italiya ta kuma karɓi dubban 'yan gudun hijira daga Libiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12585773|title=Italy suspends friendship treaty with Libya|publisher=BBC News|date=26 February 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Netherlands}} – Gwamnati ta bayyana fushinta kan yadda ake murkushe masu zanga-zanga da karfi kuma ta bukaci gudanar da sauyi cikin zaman lafiya. *{{Flagu|Norway}} – Ministan Harkokin Waje Jonas Gahr Støre ya soki amfani da karfi da Gaddafi ke yi, yana mai goyon bayan matakin hana tashi jirgin sama da aka ɗauka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. *{{Flagu|Poland}} – Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje ta ce tana goyon bayan matakin takunkumin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma daukar matakin hana jirgin sama a sama da Libiya. *{{Flagu|Portugal}} – Firayim Minista José Sócrates ya ce Portugal tana bin lamura da kulawa, kuma ta shirya daukar matakin hadin gwiwa da sauran ƙasashen Tarayyar Turai. *{{Flagu|Romania}} – Shugaba Traian Băsescu ya bayyana cewa Romania tana goyon bayan matakin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma bukatar Gaddafi ya sauka. *{{Flagu|Rasha}} – Shugaba Dmitry Medvedev ya bayyana cewa abin da ke faruwa a Libiya abin damuwa ne sosai, kuma Rasha ta goyi bayan takunkumin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Sai dai Rasha ba ta amince da kai hari ba bisa dalilin kare fararen hula. *{{Flagu|Slovakia}} – Gwamnati ta bayyana cewa tana goyon bayan sauyi a Libiya, kuma tana kira da a daina amfani da karfi. *{{Flagu|Slovenia}} – Firayim Minista Borut Pahor ya bukaci gwamnatin Libiya da ta dakatar da tashin hankali kuma ta bayar da dama ga zaman lafiya da tattaunawa. *{{Flagu|Spain}} – Firayim Minista José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero ya bukaci Gaddafi da ya sauka, kuma Spain ta shiga cikin matakin hana jiragen sama a Libiya. ===Amurka ta Kudu da Arewacin Amirka=== *{{Flagu|Chile}} – Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen kasar ta fitar da sanarwa a karo na biyu a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu tana cewa "saboda ci gaba da amfani da karfin da ba a tabbatar ba akan fararen hula, Gwamnatin Chile na Allah-wadai da matukar karfi akan wannan danniya da gwamnati ke yi wa 'yan kasar, abin da ya saba da manufar tattaunawa da Chile da sauran kasashen duniya ke nema domin warware rikicin siyasa a kasar, kuma ya saba da cikakken mutunta hakkin dan Adam da ke cikin kudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Don haka, Gwamnatin Chile na kira ga hukumomin Libiya da su samar da hanyoyin tattaunawa da halartar 'yan kasa, sannan da gaggawa su dakatar da danniya akan al'ummar su."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cancillería condena represión de Gobierno de Libia y genera red de asistencia a chilenos con apoyo de Brasil |publisher=Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Chile |date=23 Fabrairu 2011 |url=http://www.minrel.gov.cl/prontus_minrel/site/artic/20110222/pags/20110222200007.php |access-date=23 Fabrairu 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Colombia}} – Shugaba Juan Manuel Santos ya yi Allah-wadai da yadda gwamnatin Libiya ke mu'amala da 'yan kasarta, yana cewa "abinda ke faruwa a Libiya abin ki ne." Colombia ta kada kuri'a don kafa yankin da ba za a yarda da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ba akan Libiya a matsayin mamba maras dindindin a Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ranar 17 ga Maris. A ranar 22 ga Agusta, Santos ya umurci Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta amince da Majalisar Sauyi ta Kasa, yana cewa "Mutanen Libiya sun cancanci gwamnati da ke mutunta hakkin dan Adam, 'yanci da kuma dimokuradiyya."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/colombia-reconoce-legitimidad-de-rebeldes-en-libia_10206384-4|title=Colombia ta amince da sahihancin Majalisar Sauyi ta Kasa|date=23 Agusta 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Cuba}} – Tsohon shugaban kasa Fidel Castro, wanda har yanzu yana da tasiri a jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Cuba, ya bayyana damuwa cewa Amurka na shirin mamaye Libiya.<ref name="BBC News">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12548239 |title=Peru ta katse dangantaka da Libiya, ta kuma la’anci tashin hankali|date=23 Fabrairu 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Dominica}} – Firayim Minista Roosevelt Skerrit ya ce yana damuwa da abubuwan da ke faruwa a Libiya.<ref name="grenada"/> Sai dai ya ce ba zai katse dangantaka da Libiya ba.<ref name="stkitts"/> *{{Flagu|Grenada}} – Gwamnatin Grenada ta la’anci tashin hankali.<ref name="grenada"/> *{{Flagu|Guyana}} – Gwamnatin Guyana ta la’anci amfani da karfi da gwamnatin Tripoli ta yi akan masu zanga-zanga, sannan ta nemi a yi tattaunawa don warware rikicin.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/opinion/editorial/03/27/a-matter-of-principle/|agency=Stabroek News|date=27 Maris 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Mexico}} – Gwamnatin Mexico ta la’anci tashin hankali da danniya, kuma ta kwashe wasu 'yan kasar 12 daga cikin 123 zuwa Italiya, wasu 6 sun tsere zuwa Tunisiya, wasu 2 kuma sun tashi zuwa Malta. Haka kuma, ta nuna cikakken goyon baya ga manufofin Amurka akan Libiya. A ranar 1 ga Maris, Ministan Harkokin Waje Patricia Espinosa ta bayyana cewa gwamnatin Gaddafi ta aikata laifukan yaƙi akan fararen hula.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/international/162122/|title=Mexico ta la’anci danniyar da ake yi a Libiya|date=1 Maris 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Nicaragua}} – Shugaba Daniel Ortega ya ce ya kira Gaddafi domin nuna goyon baya da jituwa da shi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/nicaragua-prez-call-gaddafi-to-expresses-support/ |title=Shugaban Nicaragua ya kira Gaddafi domin nuna goyon baya |date=22 Fabrairu 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Panama}} – A ranar 20 ga Maris, Shugaba Ricardo Martinelli ya kwatanta Gaddafi da tsohon shugaban Panama Manuel Noriega. Ya ce gwamnatin Libiya na "kashe al’ummarta ba tausayi," kuma Panama ta zama kasa ta farko daga Latin America da ta amince da Majalisar Sauyi ta Kasa a ranar 14 ga Yuni.<ref>{{cite web|title=Panama ta amince da Majalisar Sauyi ta Kasa|url=http://mensual.prensa.com/mensual/contenido/2011/06/14/uhora/local_2011061418132483.asp|access-date=2025-07-13|archive-date=2011-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618153804/http://mensual.prensa.com/mensual/contenido/2011/06/14/uhora/local_2011061418132483.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Peru}} – Shugaba Alan García ya ce "Peru na Allah-wadai da danniyar da gwamnatin Gaddafi ke yi akan mutanen da ke bukatar sauyin dimokuradiyya," sannan ya ce Peru za ta bukaci Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta kafa yankin da ba a yarda da jirage su shiga ba a Libiya. Peru ce kasa ta farko da ta katse huldar diflomasiyya da Libiya a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peruviantimes.com/23/peru-suspends-diplomatic-relations-with-libya/11005/ |title=Peru ta katse huldar diflomasiyya da Libiya |date=23 Fabrairu 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} – An shirya bude wani banki a tsibirin Saint Kitts da hadin gwiwar Libiya, amma an dakatar da aikin.<ref name="Barrett"/><ref name="stkitts"/> *{{Flagu|Saint Lucia}} – Firayim Minista Stephenson King ya ce gwamnatin na sa ido kan abubuwan da ke faruwa a Libiya, amma ba za ta katse dangantaka da gwamnatin Gaddafi ba.<ref name="Barrett"/><ref name="stkitts"/> *{{Flagu|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} – Wasu ‘yan adawa sun fusata da cewa gwamnati na karbar taimako daga Libiya, suna kiran hakan “kudin jini.”<ref name="stkitts"/> *{{Flagu|Trinidad and Tobago}} – Ministan Harkokin Waje Surujrattan Rambachan ya ce ‘yan Trinidad da Tobago 11 da ke aiki a Libiya an kwashe su zuwa gida. Ya bayyana goyon baya ga yunkurin ‘yan adawa na kafa dimokuradiyya a Libiya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2011/02/24/trinis-evacuated-libya|title=An kwashe 'yan Trinidad da Tobago daga Libiya|date=24 Fabrairu 2011}}</ref> *{{Flagu|United States}} – Sakatariyar Harkokin Waje Hillary Clinton ta ce "Yanzu ne lokaci ya yi da za a dakatar da wannan zubar jini da ba a yarda da shi ba." Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta bukaci iyalan ma'aikatan jakadancin da sauran ma’aikata da ba su da muhimmanci da su bar Libiya.<ref name="USliveblog"/> ===Amurikas=== *{{Flagu|Antigua and Barbuda}} – Firayim Minista Baldwin Spencer ya ce yana "cikin fargaba yana kallon yadda abubuwa ke gudana" a Libiya, kamar yadda Al Jazeera English ta ruwaito. Ya ce, "Ko muna so ko ba ma so, har yanzu muna matukar dogara da man fetur daga Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma mafi yawan tattalin arzikinmu suna dogaro da hakan." <ref name="Barrett"/> *{{Flagu|Argentina}} – Gwamnatin kasar ta bayyana "damuwa mai zurfi", ta nuna alhini game da rasa rayuka, kuma ta bukaci a samu mafita cikin gaggawa da zaman lafiya.<ref name="argresponse"/> *{{Flagu|Bolivia}} – Shugaba Evo Morales ya ce "A karshe dai burinsu shi ne su karbe ikon man fetur na Libiya…Haka dai kasashen iko suke," ya danganta da abin da ya kira katsalandan daga kasashen yamma a Iran – yanzu kuma "suna kirkiro matsala da Muammar Gaddafi".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/world/intervention-is-just-a-grab-for-oil-say-libyas-allies/story-e6frfkui-1226024861708 | agency=Agence France-Presse | title=Intervention is just a grab for oil, say Libya's allies | date=20 March 2011 | access-date=13 July 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618112058/http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/world/intervention-is-just-a-grab-for-oil-say-libyas-allies/story-e6frfkui-1226024861708 | archive-date=18 June 2012 | url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{Flagu|Brazil}} – Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Brazil ta fitar da sanarwa tana la’antar "ayyukan tashin hankali da aka aikata a yayin zanga-zangar jama'a da suka haddasa mutuwar fararen hula", kuma ta bukaci "masu rike da madafun iko su kare ‘yancin bayyana ra’ayi na masu zanga-zanga".<ref>Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (18 February 2011). [http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/sala-de-imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/situacao-na-libia Nota nº 66 Situation in Libya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310184924/http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/sala-de-imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/situacao-na-libia |date=10 March 2012 }}.</ref> Gwamnatin Brazil ta kuma bukaci hukumomin Libiya su tabbatar da tsare lafiyar 'yan Brazil da ke biranen Tripoli da Benghazi.<ref>Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (21 February 2011). [http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/sala-de-imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/situacao-na-libia-1 Nota nº 70 ''Situação na Líbia'' ("Situation in Libya")] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130121321/http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/sala-de-imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/situacao-na-libia-1 |date=30 January 2012 }}. {{in lang|pt}}.</ref> Brazil, wadda ba cikakkiyar mamba bace a Kwamitin Sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ta kaurace wa kada kuri'a kan kafa haramcin tashi da saukar jiragen sama a Libiya a ranar 17 ga Maris.<ref name="UNNFZres"/> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} 3b5xskmnie10j3cjxk5n7a8kebd2po0 0 108858 975401 790964 2026-11-02T23:05:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kanuni_Ship_20201020_2.jpg|alt=Medium-sized ship viewed from starboard. Painted mostly red with the Turkish crescent and star in white near the bow. Above the bow is a helicopter deck and there is a large derrick amidships. Two small cranes are built into the side of the ship.|thumb|300x300px|''Kanuni'' ya hako a cikin [[Black Sea|Tekun Baƙi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulovic |first=Nermina |date=2022-02-04 |title=Turkish drillship wraps up all planned well tests on Black Sea gas field |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/turkish-drillship-wraps-up-all-planned-well-tests-on-black-sea-gas-field/ |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}</ref>]] Gas na halitta yana samar da sama da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na Makamashi na Turkiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Energy consumption by source, Turkey |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/energy-consumption-by-source-and-region |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=[[Our World in Data]]}}</ref> Kasar tana cinye mita cubic 50 zuwa 60 na iskar gas a kowace shekara, kusan duk an shigo da su.<ref name=":142">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-06 |title=A Cold Winter: Turkey and the Global Natural Gas Shortage |url=https://edam.org.tr/en/a-cold-winter/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217082231/https://edam.org.tr/en/a-cold-winter/ |archive-date=2021-12-17 |access-date=2021-12-19 |website=Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies (Edam) |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":132">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-09 |title=Ukraine War Complicates Turkey's Gas Challenge |url=https://www.energyintel.com/0000017f-6f8b-d81c-a9ff-ef8bad760000 |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=Energy Intelligence |language=en}}</ref> Wani babban filin iskar gas a cikin Tekun Baƙi ya fara samarwa a cikin 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-25 |title=Can Sakarya pave the way for Turkey's gas independence? |url=https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/ci/research-analysis/can-sakarya-pave-the-way-for-turkeys-gas-independence.html |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=IHS Markit}}</ref>&nbsp;<ref>https://www.dw.com/ha/shirin-ciniki-da-masanaantu-na-wannan-makon/audio-39125902</ref> Bayan mamayewar [[Rasha]] ta 2022 a Ukraine ta fara, kasashe da yawa na Turai sun daina sayen man fetur ko iskar gas na Rasha, amma Dangantakar Turkiyya da Rasha ta isa ta ci gaba da sayen duka biyun.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Bakheit |first=Nesreen |last2=Imahashi |first2=Rurika |date=9 June 2022 |title=China, India and Turkey to siphon more Russian oil ahead of EU ban |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Energy/China-India-and-Turkey-to-siphon-more-Russian-oil-ahead-of-EU-ban |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=[[Nikkei Asia]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Dezem |first=Vanessa |date=2022-06-28 |title=EU Gas Swings as Russia-Turkey Flows Resume While Risks Loom |url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/eu-gas-swings-as-russia-turkey-flows-resume-while-risks-loom-1.1784757 |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=[[BNN Bloomberg]]}}</ref> Turkiyya tana karɓar kusan rabin iskar gas daga Rasha.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-09 |title=Ukraine War Complicates Turkey's Gas Challenge |url=https://www.energyintel.com/0000017f-6f8b-d81c-a9ff-ef8bad760000 |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=Energy Intelligence |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023 gas mai yawa yana da tsada kuma babban ɓangare na lissafin shigo da kaya. Gidaje suna sayen mafi yawan gas, sannan masana'antu da tashoshin wutar lantarki.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Ergur |first=Semih |date=2022-06-05 |title=Increasing Usage of Natural Gas in Turkey and Its Effect on Local Economy |url=https://www.climatescorecard.org/2022/06/increasing-usage-of-natural-gas-in-turkey-and-its-effect-on-local-economy/ |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=Climate Scorecard |language=en-US}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 80% na yawan jama'a suna da damar samun iskar gas, kuma yana samar da rabin bukatun dumama na ƙasar.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-06 |title=A Cold Winter: Turkey and the Global Natural Gas Shortage |url=https://edam.org.tr/en/a-cold-winter/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217082231/https://edam.org.tr/en/a-cold-winter/ |archive-date=2021-12-17 |access-date=2021-12-19 |website=Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies (Edam) |language=en-GB}}</ref> yadda mai sayar da man fetur da iskar gas mallakar jihar BOBOTAŞ da 80% na kasuwar iskar gas, : 16 gwamnati na iya kuma tana tallafawa masu amfani da iskar mai zaman kansu da masana'antu. [4] Dukkanin abokan ciniki na masana'antu da kasuwanci, da gidaje da ke amfani da fiye da wani adadin gas, na iya sauya masu samarwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Energy_consumption_by_source,_Turkey.svg|thumb|Amfani da makamashi ta hanyar tushe]] [[Fayil:Primary_energy_supply_in_Turkey.svg|thumb|Samar da makamashi na farko kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu ne kowannensu daga kwal, mai, gas, da sauran tushe. A cikin 2021 amfani da iskar gas ya fi kowane lokaci a 59 bcm. : 14 : 14 ]] An kafa Babban Daraktan Binciken Ma'adinai da Bincike a cikin 1935, amma an sami iskar gas kaɗan.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Oil Production in Turkey |url=https://www.petform.org.tr/en/arama-uretim-sektoru/turkiyede-petrol-uretimi/ |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=Petform |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531033041/https://www.petform.org.tr/en/arama-uretim-sektoru/turkiyede-petrol-uretimi/ |archive-date=2023-05-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.mta.gov.tr/en/mta/history |access-date=6 March 2023 |website=[[General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (Turkey)]] |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204142307/https://www.mta.gov.tr/en/mta/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta shigo da iskar gas ita ce ta hanyar bututun mai daga kasashe da ke kusa, kuma shigo da farko ya fito ne daga Rasha a 1986, sannan Iran ta biyo baya.<ref name=":7" /> Koyaya, bututun daga Azerbaijan ne kawai ya fara canja wurin gas a cikin 2007.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Kanapiyanova |first=Zhuldyz |title=Turkey-Russia Energy Cooperation on Natural Gas |url=https://www.eurasian-research.org/publication/turkey-russia-energy-cooperation-on-natural-gas/ |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=Eurasian Research Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> An fara shigo da iskar gas (LNG) daga Aljeriya a 1994 kuma daga Najeriya a 1999. <ref name=":7"/> A farkon karni na 21 amfani da iskar gas ya karu.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |title=Turkey - Oil and Gas |url=https://www.trade.gov/energy-resource-guide-turkey-oil-and-gas |website=[[Energy Information Administration|United States Energy Information Administration]]}}</ref> : 9 Tsakanin 2000 da 2020 rabon makamashi da aka shigo da shi ya karu daga sama da 50% zuwa 70% .<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2022 |title=Turkey is faced with a serious energy crisis, says engineers chamber |url=https://m.bianet.org/english/economy/257357-turkey-is-faced-with-a-serious-energy-crisis-says-engineers-chamber |website=[[Bianet]]}}</ref> A cikin 2019, [[European Council|Majalisar Tarayyar Turai]] ta ki amincewa da hakowar Turkiyya a gabashin [[Bahar Rum]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2019 |title=Turkish drilling activities in the Eastern Mediterranean: Council adopts conclusions |url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/07/15/turkish-drilling-activities-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-council-adopts-conclusions/ |access-date=24 May 2019 |website=[[Council of the European Union]] |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2022, rufewar gas ta Iran ta haifar da matsaloli ga masana'antu.<ref name=":242">{{Cite web |last=Muhdan |first=Saglam |date=31 January 2022 |title=Iran's gas cut exposes Turkey's vulnerability to energy risks |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/01/irans-gas-cut-exposes-turkeys-vulnerability-energy-risks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228073743/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/01/irans-gas-cut-exposes-turkeys-vulnerability-energy-risks |archive-date=28 February 2023 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[Al-Monitor]] |language=en}}</ref> Wasu masu sharhi sun ce Turkiyya ba ta da isasshen ajiyar gas ko madadin kayan aiki don tsayayya da matsin lamba, kuma lokacin da Rasha ta ce tana rufe bututun gas don kulawa (misali rufewar kwanaki 10 na Bluestream a cikin 2022 a sanarwa ta kwanaki 2) wannan wani lokacin ana nufin yin amfani da matsin siyasa.<ref name=":152">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2022 |title=Turkey, Russia gas ties grow contentious amid Ukraine war |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/07/turkey-russia-gas-ties-grow-contentious-amid-ukraine-war |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228073750/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/07/turkey-russia-gas-ties-grow-contentious-amid-ukraine-war |archive-date=28 February 2023 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[Al-Monitor]] |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2022, karuwar farashin gas na duniya ya kara karancin asusun yanzu yayin da aka sayi karin gas a kasuwar tabo. : 15 : 15  == Siyasa ta ƙasa == Ba kamar kasashe da yawa na Turai ba, waɗanda suka daina sayen ko kuma an yanke su daga man fetur ko iskar gas ta Rasha, bayan mamayewar Rasha ta 2022 a Ukraine, Dangantaka da Rasha ta ci gaba da sayen duka biyun.<ref name=":22"/><ref name=":23"/> China da Turkiyya suna shigo da mafi yawan iskar gas daga Rasha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payments to Russia for fossil fuels since 24 February 2022 |url=https://www.russiafossiltracker.com/ |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=Russia Fossil Tracker |language=}}</ref> An ce wani lokacin yana da wahala ga kafofin watsa labarai a Turkiyya su bayar da rahoto sosai game da yanayin siyasa na makamashi.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2022 |title=Turkey, Russia gas ties grow contentious amid Ukraine war |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/07/turkey-russia-gas-ties-grow-contentious-amid-ukraine-war |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228073750/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/07/turkey-russia-gas-ties-grow-contentious-amid-ukraine-war |archive-date=28 February 2023 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=[[Al-Monitor]] |language=en}}</ref> Shugaba Erdoğan ya ce a cikin 2022 cewa Turkiyya ba za ta iya shiga takunkumi a kan Rasha ba saboda dogaro da shigo da kayayyaki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2022 |title=Russia Ukraine conflict: France raises Russian sanctions-busting with Turkey |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2022/09/06/France-raises-Russian-sanctions-busting-with-Turkey |website=[[Al Arabiya]]}}</ref> Kamfanin bincike da samar da man fetur da iskar gas na Turkiyya yana fatan bincika man fetur le gas a cikin ruwan Libya: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupte |first=Eklavya |date=2022-10-10 |title=Libya-Turkey exploration deal to fuel long-standing political, regional rivalries |url=https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/101022-libya-turkey-exploration-deal-to-fuel-long-standing-political-regional-rivalries |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=[[S & P Global]] |language=en}}</ref> an amince da yarjejeniyar fahimta tare da Libya amma daga baya kotun Libya ta dakatar da ita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bechev |first=Dimitar |date=27 February 2023 |title=Facing tragedy, Turkey mends ties with Greece and Armenia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/2/27/turkey-earthquake-diplomacy |website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> Turkiyya ta yi adawa da wasu binciken gas da [[Cyprus|Jamhuriyar Cyprus]] ta yi saboda takaddamar yankin teku na Cyprus da Turkiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-10 |title=ExxonMobil, Qatar sign Cyprus gas deal despite Turkey opposition |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211210-exxonmobil-qatar-sign-cyprus-gas-deal-despite-turkey-opposition |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219173115/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211210-exxonmobil-qatar-sign-cyprus-gas-deal-despite-turkey-opposition |archive-date=2021-12-19 |access-date=2021-12-19 |website=[[France 24]] |language=en}}</ref> Jam'iyyun biyu masu adawa da Arewacin Iraki Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) da Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) dole ne su amince da sabon bututun mai don ɗaukar hanya mafi ƙanƙanta, saboda zai fito ne daga rijiyoyi a ɓangaren Yankin Kurdistan da PUK ke sarrafawa kuma ya wuce ta ɓangaren da KDP ke sarrafawa. A cikin 2022 Sojojin Tsaro na Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci sun yi amfani da makamai masu linzami don kai hari kan gidan Baz Karim Barzanji, wani dan kasuwa da ke aiki a kan sabon bututun mai, wanda aka ruwaito saboda ya sadu da jami'an Amurka da Isra'ila a can.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran File: Iran and Turkey face off in Iraq |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/iran-file |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015071223/https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/iran-file |archive-date=15 October 2022 |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilkenfeld |first=Yoni |date=14 June 2022 |title=Iraq at a crossroads: Kurdish energy competition with Iran |url=https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/kurdish-energy-competition-iran/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=GIS Reports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Times of Israel Staff |title=Iran bombed Iraq's Kurdish region over natural gas plan involving Israel – report |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-bombed-iraqs-kurdish-region-over-natural-gas-plan-involving-israel-report/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307182827/https://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-bombed-iraqs-kurdish-region-over-natural-gas-plan-involving-israel-report/ |archive-date=7 March 2023 |access-date=7 March 2023 |website=[[Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tasirin da makomar == [[Fayil:Fossil_fuel_CO2_Turkey_line_graph.svg|alt=Graph shows carbon dioxide emitted by coal, oil, and natural gas over the years from 1990|thumb|Kashewa daga iskar gas ya karu, amma ya kasance a ƙasa da kwal da mai.]] Babban tushen fitar da iskar gas ta Turkiyya shine wutar lantarki, wanda ke fitar da kimanin gram 1000 na iskar carbon dioxide ga kowane kilowatt-hour na wutar lantarki da aka samar. Don samar da iskar gas iri ɗaya yana fitar da ƙasa da kwal, (371g a cikin 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Türki̇ye Elektri̇k Üreti̇mi̇ Ve Elektri̇k Tüketi̇m Noktasi Emi̇syon Faktörleri̇ Bi̇lgi̇ Formu |trans-title=Turkish electricity production and consumption emission factors |url=https://enerji.gov.tr/Media/Dizin/EVCED/tr/%C3%87evreVe%C4%B0klim/%C4%B0klimDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fikli%C4%9Fi/EmisyonFaktorleri/BilgiFormu.pdf |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=Energy Ministry |language=tr |archive-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923140025/https://enerji.gov.tr/Media/Dizin/EVCED/tr/%C3%87evreVe%C4%B0klim/%C4%B0klimDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fikli%C4%9Fi/EmisyonFaktorleri/BilgiFormu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>), amma fiye da hasken rana a 30g zuwa 60g. Lokacin da aka samar da iskar gas a [[Gas a Rasha|Rasha]] ko Turkmenistan, duk da haka, iskar methane tana fitar da iskar greenhouse.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Fiona |author-link=Fiona Harvey |date=2022-02-23 |title=Oil and gas facilities could profit from plugging methane leaks, IEA says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/23/oil-and-gas-facilities-could-profit-from-plugging-methane-leaks-iea-says |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> Amma, kamar yadda kayan gas na duniya ya dogara da inda aka samar da shi, an lissafa wannan a cikin iskar gas na Rasha ba na Turkiyya ba. Turkiyya ta yi niyyar kara rabon sabuntawa da makamashin nukiliya a cikin makamashi na kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Türkye's International Energy Strategy |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkeys-energy-strategy.en.mfa |access-date=3 February 2023 |website=[[Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]}}</ref> A cewar wani rahoto na Mayu 2022 daga thinktank [[Ƙungiyar Ember ( mara riba)|Ember]], hasken rana da iska sun adana dala biliyan 7 a kan shigo da iskar gas a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-24 |title=Turkey: Wind and solar saved $7 bn in 12 months |url=https://ember-climate.org/insights/research/turkey-wind-and-solar-saved-7-bn-in-12-months/ |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=[[Ember (non-profit organisation)|Ember]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Wasu kamfanonin rarraba suna gwada haɗuwa har zuwa 20% Hydrogen tare da iskar gas, don haka a ƙarshe wasu daga cikin iskar gas da aka rarraba za su zama hydrogen kore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-27 |title=Turkey to blend green hydrogen into natural gas supply network for heating |url=https://balkangreenenergynews.com/turkey-to-blend-green-hydrogen-into-natural-gas-supply-network-for-heating/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728133944/https://balkangreenenergynews.com/turkey-to-blend-green-hydrogen-into-natural-gas-supply-network-for-heating/ |archive-date=28 July 2020 |access-date=28 July 2020 |website=Balkan Green Energy News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabadus |first=Aura |date=12 April 2021 |title=Turkey moves closer to hydrogen grid injections, outlines long-term roadmap |url=https://www.icis.com/explore/resources/news/2021/04/12/10627403/turkey-moves-closer-to-hydrogen-grid-injections-outlines-long-term-roadmap |access-date=2021-05-22 |website=ICIS Explore |language=en-US}}</ref> Girgizar ƙasa na iya zama haɗari ga bututun mai. A makwabciyar IranIran tare da famfo na zafi, daga gas an ba da shawarar inganta ƙarfin girgizar ƙasa.[2]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Salimi |first=Mohammad |last2=Faramarzi |first2=Davoud |last3=Hosseinian |first3=Seyed Hossein |last4=Gharehpetian |first4=Gevork B. |year=2020 |title=Replacement of natural gas with electricity to improve seismic service resilience: An application to domestic energy utilities in Iran |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360544220306162 |journal=Energy |volume=200 |page=117509 |bibcode=2020Ene...20017509S |doi=10.1016/j.energy.2020.117509 |s2cid=216481523}}</ref> == Sayarwa da buƙata == Akwai hanyoyin samarwa da yawa a yankin da isasshen damar shigo da LNG a cikin ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Byrne |first=David |date=12 July 2022 |title=Turkey looks to import gas from Turkmenistan, test exports to Bulgaria |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/07/turkey-looks-import-gas-turkmenistan-test-exports-bulgaria |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=[[Al-Monitor]] |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2020 Fatih, ɗaya daga cikin jirage biyar na kamfanin mai da iskar gas na jihar TPAO, ya gano filin Sakarya Gas a ƙarƙashin [[Black Sea|Tekun Baƙi]] kusa da inda [[Romainiya|Romania]] ta sami iskar gas. Kafin 2023, lokacin da aka fara samarwa daga wannan filin iskar gas mai zaki a cikin Bahar Maliya, kusan dukkanin iskar gas da aka cinye a Turkiyya an shigo da ita.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Natural Gas |url=https://enerji.gov.tr/info-bankenergynatural-gas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219133227/https://enerji.gov.tr/info-bankenergynatural-gas |archive-date=2021-12-19 |access-date=2021-12-19 |website=[[Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources|Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey pushes for first Black Sea gas this quarter [Gas in Transition] |url=https://www.naturalgasworld.com/turkey-pushes-for-first-black-sea-gas-this-quarter-gas-in-transition-103773 |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=www.naturalgasworld.com}}</ref> Kudancin Akcakoca Sub-Basin (SASB) karamin filin iskar gas ne kuma a cikin Tekun Baƙi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2022 |title=First new gas production from Black Sea field slated for end of October |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/first-new-gas-production-from-black-sea-field-slated-for-end-of-october/}}</ref> Kazalika da jirage masu hakowa akwai jirage 2 na girgizar ƙasa.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web |title=Investor's Guide For Natural Gas |url=https://enerji.gov.tr/info-bank-investors-guide-for-natural-gas |website=[[Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources|Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources]] |access-date=2025-07-30 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307215331/https://enerji.gov.tr/info-bank-investors-guide-for-natural-gas |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kiyasta ajiyar Black Sea na Turkiyya a cikin miliyoyin cubic mita: za a tura iskar gas zuwa Filyos don sarrafawa don sanya shi ya dace da grid na iskar gas, tare da samar da mafi girma na cubic mita biliyan 40 (bcm) da aka yi niyya don 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Esau |first=Iain |date=2023-01-05 |title=First gas from huge Turkey project set to flow this quarter |url=https://www.upstreamonline.com/production/first-gas-from-huge-turkey-project-set-to-flow-this-quarter/2-1-1383751 |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=Upstream Online |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2022 |title=Turkey begins laying Black Sea natural gas pipeline |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-begins-laying-black-sea-natural-gas-pipeline-174556 |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-14 |title=Erdogan says Turkey will accelerate Black Sea gas production from Sakarya field |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/business/energy/2022/06/14/Erdogan-says-Turkey-will-accelerate-Black-Sea-gas-production-from-Sakarya-field |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=[[Al Arabiya English]]}}</ref> Ana sa ran iskar Black Sea ta Turkiyya za ta cika kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na bukatar iskar gas ta ƙasa, tare da mita cubic biliyan 15 (bcm) a kowace shekara nan da shekara ta 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2021 |title=Turkey's Black Sea gas find to raise output to 25% of EU capacity |url=https://www.worldoil.com/news/2021/9/27/turkey-s-black-sea-gas-find-to-raise-output-to-25-of-eu-capacity |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219134203/https://www.worldoil.com/news/2021/9/27/turkey-s-black-sea-gas-find-to-raise-output-to-25-of-eu-capacity |archive-date=2021-12-19 |access-date=2021-12-19 |website=www.worldoil.com}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=O'Byrne |first=David |date=25 April 2022 |title=US becomes Turkey's second biggest gas supplier, but for how long? |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/04/us-becomes-turkeys-second-biggest-gas-supplier-how-long |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=[[Al-Monitor]] |language=en}}</ref> A cewar wasu masu sharhi, tare da wannan binciken, jayayya ta Aegean da Girka game da hakowar bincike yanzu ba ta da mahimmanci. [[Fayil:Gas_imports_Turkey.svg|thumb|Kasuwancin iskar gas daga Turkiyya]] Kusan rabin iskar gas ta kasar ana shigo da ita ne daga [[Gas a Rasha|Rasha]].<ref name=":13"/> Yarjejeniyar Turkiyya ta dogon lokaci tare da Rasha za ta ƙare a ƙarshen 2025 don haka ana sa ran lissafin shigo da iskar gas zai faɗi a ƙarshen 2020s (daga 2024 an kiyasta dala 320 a kowace cubic m ) kuma saboda fara samarwa daga ɓangaren Turkiyya na Tekun Baƙi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2021 |title=Turkish Petroleum mulls partnerships for multi-billion Black Sea gas project |url=https://www.worldoil.com/news/2021/2/8/turkish-petroleum-mulls-partnerships-for-multi-billion-black-sea-gas-project |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=www.worldoil.com}}</ref> A cikin 2021 an sabunta kwangila tare da kamfanin makamashi na Rasha Gasprom kuma an haɗa shi da farashin EU; sun haɗa da yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu zuwa ƙarshen 2025 don 5.75 bcm a shekara ta hanyar TurkStream (wanda ke da jimlar ƙarfin 31.5 bcm). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matalucci |first=Sergio |date=30 March 2022 |title=Turkey targets Balkans and EU renewables markets |url=https://www.dw.com/en/turkey-targets-balkans-and-eu-renewables-markets/a-61300638 |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ba a buga farashin kwangilar ba amma an ruwaito shi (a cikin 2022 ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai da ke adawa da jam'iyyun da ke mulki na Turkiyya) don ya dogara da kashi 70% na farashin kasuwar LNG tare da farashin man Brent Crude: wannan ya fi tsada fiye da iskar Blue Stream.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=29 April 2022 |title=Why does Turkey pay a higher price for Russian natural gas than necessary? |url=https://www.turkishminute.com/2022/04/29/does-turkey-pay-a-higher-price-for-russian-natural-gas-than-necessary/ |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=Turkish Minute |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}} A cikin 2021 an amince da kwangila tare da Azerbaijan don shigo da bcm 11 a kowace shekara har zuwa ƙarshen 2024. TPAO tana da kashi 19% a cikin Shah Deniz 1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-27 |title=Gas supplies from Azerbaijan's offshore Shah Deniz deposit to Turkiye to be suspended in August |url=https://www.azernews.az/oil_and_gas/197259.html |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=Azernews |language=en}}</ref> Fracking shale gas na iya taimakawa tare da tsaro na makamashi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yılankırkan |first=Nazile |date=30 June 2020 |title=Shale Gases, Potential and Impacts |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1184283 |journal=Journal of Amasya University the Institute of Sciences and Technology |publisher=Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Technology, Mechatronics Engineering Department |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=37–46}}</ref> An shirya samar da iskar gas daga [[Turkmenistan]] tsawon shekaru amma ba a gina bututun mai a ƙarƙashin Tekun Caspian ba, wani bangare saboda rashin yarjejeniya tsakanin Turkmenistan da Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Byrne |first=David |date=1 Dec 2021 |title=New American company seeks to realize Trans-Caspian pipe dream |url=https://eurasianet.org/new-american-company-seeks-to-realize-trans-caspian-pipe-dream |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219163938/https://eurasianet.org/new-american-company-seeks-to-realize-trans-caspian-pipe-dream |archive-date=2021-12-19 |access-date=2021-12-19 |website=[[Eurasianet]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2024 |title=Turkmenistan and Turkey to Collaborate on Export of Natural Gas to Europe - the Times of Central Asia |url=https://timesca.com/turkmenistan-and-turkey-to-collaborate-on-export-of-natural-gas-to-europe/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Byrne |first=David |date=17 March 2022 |title=No magic tap for Europe to replace Russian gas via Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/03/no-magic-tap-europe-replace-russian-gas-turkey |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=[[Al-Monitor]] |language=en}}</ref> Maimakon haka a cikin 2025 Turkiyya tana sayen sama da 1 bcma na iskar Turkmen ta hanyar yarjejeniyar musayar tare da Iran, saboda akwai damar bututun mai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Türkiye to receive 1.3 bcm of Turkmen gas in 2025, says Turkish energy minister |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/general/turkiye-to-receive-13-bcm-of-turkmen-gas-in-2025-says-turkish-energy-minister/47482 |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref name=":8"/> Koyaya matsakaicin yiwuwar an ce (ta hanyar masu goyon bayan hanyar abokin hamayya tsakanin shigarwar teku) ya zama kawai 3 bcma.<ref name="Roberts">{{Cite web |last=Roberts |first=John |last2=Bowden |first2=Julian |date=2022-12-12 |title=Europe and the Caspian: The gas supply conundrum |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/energysource/europe-and-the-caspian-the-gas-supply-conundrum/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=[[Atlantic Council]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana shigo da LNG daga kasashe da yawa ciki har da Masar, Aljeriya, da Amurka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Elliott |first=Stuart |last2=O'Byrne |first2=David |date=2021-12-09 |title=Egypt emerges as key LNG supplier to Turkey in Q4 |url=https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/lng/120921-egypt-emerges-as-key-lng-supplier-to-turkey-in-q4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219165120/https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/lng/120921-egypt-emerges-as-key-lng-supplier-to-turkey-in-q4 |archive-date=2021-12-19 |access-date=2021-12-19 |website=[[S & P Global]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oman LNG Inks 10-Year Gas Supply Deal with Turkey's Botas Petroleum |url=https://www.chemanalyst.com/NewsAndDeals/NewsDetails/oman-lng-inks-10-year-gas-supply-deal-with-turkey-botas-petroleum-27451 |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=www.chemanalyst.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-09 |title=Turkey signs LNG deal with US supermajor ExxonMobil placing question mark over Russian gas supplies |url=https://www.intellinews.com/turkey-signs-lng-deal-with-us-supermajor-exxonmobil-placing-question-mark-over-russian-gas-supplies-324572/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=www.intellinews.com |language=en}}</ref> === Bukatar === Fiye da kashi 80% na yawan jama'a, da dukkan larduna a Turkiyya, suna da damar samun iskar gas, wanda ke samar da rabin makamashi na karshe na gida. [2<ref>{{Cite web |title=Natural gas dominates home energy use in Türkiye, survey finds - [İLKHA] Ilke News Agency |url=https://ilkha.com/english/economy/natural-gas-dominates-home-energy-use-in-turkiye-survey-finds-379317 |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=ilkha.com}}</ref> cikin rabon amfani na 2021 ya haɗa da gidaje 27%, samar da wutar lantarki 35%, masana'antu 29% da bangaren sabis na 8%.[3] <ref name=":25"/> Makamashi tana sa ran buƙatar iskar gas ta karu dan kadan zuwa 2030, amma rabonta na amfani da makamashi na farko zai faɗi dan kadan zuwa ƙasa da kwata.[4] : 19–20 : 19–20  [[Fayil:Electricity_Turkey.svg|thumb|Samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar gas (dull yellow) yana ƙaruwa lokacin da wutar lantarki (blue) ta faɗi saboda fari.]] A wasu shekaru samar da wutar lantarki a Turkiyya yana ƙone rabin gas, amma wannan ya bambanta sosai dangane da ko akwai isasshen ruwan sama don samar da wutar wutar lantarki; sabili da haka, lokacin da ruwan sama ya yi, Turkiyya tana ƙone iskar gas kaɗan. :: 139  Babban buƙata yawanci a tsakiyar hunturu, matsakaicin kusan mita cubic miliyan 300 (mcm) kowace rana, kuma Chamber of Engineers ya ce a cikin 2022 cewa babu isasshen ajiya.<ref name=":25"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey is faced with a serious energy crisis, says engineers chamber |url=https://m.bianet.org/english/economy/257357-turkey-is-faced-with-a-serious-energy-crisis-says-engineers-chamber}}</ref> Akwai yankuna 72 na rarrabawa kuma ana ba da gidaje miliyan 18 da iskar gas.<ref name=":25" /> Kimanin rabin buƙatun makamashi na zama ana biyan su ta hanyar gas.<ref name=":0" /> :: 139  Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya ta yi hasashen a cikin 2021 cewa amfani da samar da wutar lantarki zai ragu.<ref name=":0" /> :: 140  Koyaya shirin makamashi na kasa da aka buga a watan Janairun 2023 yana hasashen sama da 10 GW ƙarin wutar lantarki na gas na iya buƙata ta 2035 don daidaita makamashi mai sabuntawa da kuma Tsaro na makamashi. : 15-16 Duk masu amfani da masana'antu da kasuwanci, da gidaje da ke sayen fiye da cubic-mita dubu 75 a shekara na iya sauya masu samarwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Sufuri, sarrafawa da adanawa == [[Fayil:Türkiye_Doğalgaz_Boru_Hatları.svg|thumb|Gas daga Rasha galibi ana cinye shi a cikin Turkiyya, amma wasu suna wucewa zuwa wasu ƙasashe kamar Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-02 |title=Hungary's new gas deal fuels Russia fears |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/hungary-new-gas-deal-fuel-russia-fear/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=POLITICO |language=en-GB}}</ref> Slovakia <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Slovaks Get Russian Gas Via Turkey |url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/slovaks-get-russian-gas-via-turkey-9bdf3769 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=barrons |language=en-US}}</ref> da Moldova. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Siccardi |first=Francesco |title=Understanding the Energy Drivers of Turkey's Foreign Policy |url=https://carnegieeurope.eu/2024/02/28/understanding-energy-drivers-of-turkey-s-foreign-policy-pub-91733}}</ref> EU ta sayi wasu iskar gas daga Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Byrne |first=David |date=22 November 2022 |title=Azerbaijan's Russian gas deal raises uncomfortable questions for Europe |url=https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijans-russian-gas-deal-raises-uncomfortable-questions-for-europe |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=[[Eurasianet]]}}</ref>]] Akwai bututun gas da yawa, <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Doğalgaz ve Petrol Boru Hatları Haritası |trans-title=Map of gas and oil pipelines |url=https://enerji.gov.tr/bilgi-merkezi-haritalar |website=[[Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources|Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources]]}}</ref> kuma bazai yiwu ba ga Turawa su tantance asalin iskar da suka saya daga Turkiyya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2023 |title=Europe's Solidarity Gas Promises Disunity |url=https://cepa.org/article/europes-solidarity-gas-promises-disunity/}}</ref> wanda zai iya zama matsala ga ƙasashen EU saboda ba za su iya siyan iskar gas ta Rasha bisa doka ba daga 2027 . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-12-27 |title=The End of the Affair? The Transit of Russian Gas Across Ukraine |url=https://icds.ee/en/the-end-of-the-affair-the-transit-of-russian-gas-across-ukraine/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=ICDS |language=en-US}}</ref> Manyan bututun gas (tare da damar a cikin bcm) sune: {| class="wikitable" |+ !← !Daga yamma'''zuwa yamma''' !Ta hanyar !← !A cikin daga gabas !← |- |20 |Trans-Balkan |Trans-Anatolian |16 |TurkStream |32 |- |16 |Kogin Balkan | | |Blue Stream |16 |- |10 |Trans Adriatic | | |Kudancin Caucasus |24 |- | | | | |Tabriz Ankara |14 |} Gas daga Rasha ya zo ta hanyar bututun Blue Stream da TurkStream; kuma daga Iran ta hanyar buthun Tabriz-Ankara. Azerbaijan yawanci tana samar da Turkiyya ta hanyar bututun Kudancin Caucasus. Gas din yana gudana ta hanyar bututun gas na Trans-Anatolian (TANAP) wanda ke samar da Turkiyya kuma wasu suna ci gaba a fadin iyakar Girka zuwa cikin bututun Trans Adriatic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jansen |first=Gerald |date=17 May 2021 |title=Russia Is Making A Comeback In This Growing Gas Market |url=https://oilprice.com/Energy/Natural-Gas/Russia-Is-Making-A-Comeback-In-This-Growing-Gas-Market.html |access-date=22 May 2021 |website=OilPrice.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:Trans-Anatolian_gas_pipeline_opening.jpg|alt=Seven middle aged men in dark suits stand behind a large white horizontal pipe. There is a large TANAP logo behind them and six of them are holding the large red valve wheel protruding up from the pipe|thumb|An kaddamar da bututun gas na Trans-Anatolian a Eskişehir a cikin 2018 (Rovnag Abdullayev - shugaban SoCAR, → Mustafa Akıncı - shugaban Arewacin Cyprus, → Ilham Aliyev - shugaban Azerbaijan, → Recep Tayyip Erdoğan - shugaban Turkiyya, → Petro Poroshenko - shugaban Ukraine, → Aleksandar Vučić - shugaban Serbia, → Berat Albayrak - Ministan Makamashi da albarkatun Turkiyya) ]] Jirgin mai na [[Tabriz]]-[[Ankara]] mai nisan kilomita 2,600 ne, wanda ke gudana daga Tabriz a arewa maso yammacin [[Iran]] zuwa Ankara a Turkiyya. Blue Stream, babban bututun mai na Black Sea, yana isar da iskar gas daga [[Rasha]] zuwa Turkiyya tun shekara ta 2003. Kudancin Gas Corridor ya haɗa da filin iskar gas na Shah Deniz 2, bututun mai na Kudancin Caucasus, TANAP, da Trans Adriatic Pipeline: Ana fadada TANAP zuwa 31 bcm a kowace shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2022 |title=Turkey offers 'alternative' as energy hub for Europe |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-offers-alternative-as-energy-hub-for-europe-172536 |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=[[Hürriyet Daily News]] |language=en}}</ref> A Erzurum, bututun Kudancin Caucasus, wanda aka ba da izini a shekara ta 2006, yana da alaƙa da bututun Iran-Turkey. A cikin 2022 bututun sufuri na Turkiyya yana da ƙarfin ajiya na 3 zuwa 5 bcm.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Byrne |first=David |date=6 May 2022 |title=Southeast Europe looks to Azerbaijan to replace Russian gas |url=https://eurasianet.org/southeast-europe-looks-to-azerbaijan-to-replace-russian-gas |access-date=7 May 2022 |website=[[Eurasianet]] |language=en}}</ref> Kamar yadda shigo da iskar gas ya kai dala biliyan 12 zuwa 15 a kowace shekara kuma lira ba ta da ƙarfi; suna da muhimmiyar ɓangare na lissafin shigo da kayayyaki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title=Regional Solutions to Regional Challenges in the Middle East? |url=https://dayan.org/content/regional-solutions-regional-challenges-middle-east |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219170946/https://dayan.org/content/regional-solutions-regional-challenges-middle-east |archive-date=2021-12-19 |access-date=2021-12-19 |website=[[Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies]] |language=en}}</ref> Turkstream yana da kusan kashi 60% na iyawa tun daga shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2022 |title=Europe wary of Turkish hub to hide gas 'made in Moscow' |url=https://www.euronews.com/next/2022/12/01/ukraine-crisis-putin-gas |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=[[euronews]] |language=en}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki da Amfani == [[Fayil:Gas_contracts_Turkey.svg|thumb|Yawancin kwangilar gas sun ƙare kafin 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey: A new emerging gas player with resources and infrastructure |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/turkey-new-emerging-gas-player-resources-and-infrastructure |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619163744/https://www.mei.edu/publications/turkey-new-emerging-gas-player-resources-and-infrastructure |archive-date=19 June 2022 |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=[[Middle East Institute]] |language=en}}</ref>]] A cewar BOTAŞ farashin gas ga gidajen Turkiyya shine mafi ƙasƙanci a Turai a cikin 2022, kuma sun ce abokan ciniki masu zama suna samun tallafin farashi na 70% daga gwamnati. Akwai kamfanonin rarraba gas 72, tare da masu amfani sama da miliyan 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Natural Gas Distribution |url=https://www.gazbir.org.tr/en/natural-gas-distribution/74 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610185330/http://www.gazbir.org.tr/en/natural-gas-distribution/74 |archive-date=10 June 2019 |access-date=28 February 2023 |website=Natural Gas Distribution Companies Association of Turkey (GAZBIR)}}</ref> Akwai baje kolin kasuwanci na shekaru biyu a Istanbul . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petroleum Istanbul 2023 |url=https://www.petrolplaza.com/events/30823 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=PetrolPlaza}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}}{{Europe topic|Natural gas in}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hrdi2pr1e7i77hnsg946mztcm2ay0re 0 109750 975453 901449 2026-11-03T04:42:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Ginin [[lafiya]]''' yana nufin wani yanki mai ban sha'awa wanda ke tallafawa lafiyar jiki, tunani, da zamantakewa da jin daɗi mutane a cikin gine-gine da kuma gine-ginen da aka gina.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Buildings and Health |url=https://sftool.gov/learn/about/576/buildings-health |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool |language=en-us}}</ref> Gine-gine na iya zama manyan masu inganta kiwon lafiya da jin daɗi tunda yawancin mutane suna ciyar da mafi yawan lokutan su a cikin gida. Dangane da Binciken Tsarin Ayyukan Dan Adam na Kasa, Amurkawa suna ciyar da "a matsakaita kashi 87% na lokacin su a cikin gine-ginen da aka rufe kuma kusan kashi 6% na lokacin su cikin motocin da aka rufe. "<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Klepeis |first=Neil E. |last2=Nelson |first2=William C. |last3=Ott |first3=Wayne R. |last4=Robinson |first4=John P. |last5=Tsang |first5=Andy M. |last6=Switzer |first6=Paul |last7=Behar |first7=Joseph V. |last8=Hern |first8=Stephen C. |last9=Engelmann |first9=William H. |date=2001-07-26 |title=The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants |journal=Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology |language=en |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=231–252 |doi=10.1038/sj.jea.7500165 |issn=1559-064X |pmid=11477521 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya ganin gine-gine masu lafiya a matsayin ƙarni na gaba na gine-Ginin kore wanda ba wai kawai ya haɗa da alhakin muhalli da ra'ayoyin gine-gine ba, har ma ya haɗa da jin daɗin ɗan adam da aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramanujam |first=Mahesh |date=2014-03-28 |title=Healthy buildings and healthy people: The next generation of green building |url=https://www.usgbc.org/articles/healthy-buildings-and-healthy-people-next-generation-green-building |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=US Green Building Council |language=en}}</ref> Wadannan fa'idodi na iya haɗawa da "rage rashin halarta da presenteeism, rage farashin kiwon lafiya, da inganta aikin mutum da na ƙungiya".<ref name=":0"/> == Tsarin haɗin gwiwa == Gine-gine mai lafiya ya ƙunshi ra'ayoyi daban-daban, fannoni masu ban sha'awa, da horo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Integrative Design Process - GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool |url=https://sftool.gov/plan/261/integrative-design-process |access-date=2018-08-08 |website=sftool.gov}}</ref> 9 Foundations ya bayyana gine-gine mai lafiya a matsayin hanyar da aka gina akan kimiyyar gini, kimiyyar kiwon lafiya, da kimiyyar gine-gine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the Healthy Buildings Movement |url=https://9foundations.com/ |website=9Foundations |language=en-US}}</ref> Kungiyar ƙira mai haɗin kai na iya kunshe da masu ruwa da tsaki da ƙwararru kamar manajojin kayan aiki, gine-gine, injiniyoyin gini, masana kiwon lafiya da lafiya, da abokan kiwon lafiyar jama'a. Gudanar da Karusai tare da ƙungiyar ƙira mai haɗin kai na iya inganta haɗin gwiwa da taimakawa ƙungiyar haɓaka manufofi, tsare-tsare, da mafita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Todd |first=Joel Ann |date=2016-11-19 |title=Planning and Conducting Integrated Design (ID) Charrettes |url=https://www.wbdg.org/resources/planning-and-conducting-integrated-design-id-charrettes |website=www.wbdg.org}}</ref> == Gine-gine da kayan kiwon lafiya == Akwai abubuwa daban-daban da za su iya tallafawa lafiya da jin daɗi a cikin gine-gine. === Ingancin iska na cikin gida === Spengler yayi la'akari da ingancin iska na cikin gida a matsayin muhimmin abin da ke ƙayyade ƙirar lafiya.<ref name="Spengler 567–600">{{Cite journal |last=Spengler |first=John D. |last2=Chen |first2=Qingyan |date=2000-11-01 |title=Indoor air quality factors in designing a healthy building |journal=[[Annual Review of Energy and the Environment]] |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=567–600 |doi=10.1146/annurev.energy.25.1.567 |issn=1056-3466 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gine-gine masu ƙarancin iska na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga cututtukan huhu masu tsanani kamar [[Cutar Asthma|asma]], asbestosis da ciwon huhu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=A. P. |date=1999-12-01 |title=Indoor air quality and health |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231099002721 |journal=Atmospheric Environment |language=en |volume=33 |issue=28 |pages=4535–4564 |bibcode=1999AtmEn..33.4535J |doi=10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00272-1 |issn=1352-2310 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Za'a iya fitar da hayaki ta hanyar kayan gini, kayan aiki, da kayan aiki. Air fresheners, tsaftacewa kayayyaki, fenti, bugawa, bene, da wax da polish kayayyakin kuma na iya zama tushen volatile organic compounds (VOCs) da semi-volatile compound (SVOCs). Littafin hannu na LEED v4 ya nuna cewa ingancin iska na cikin gida shine "ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa wajen kula da lafiyar mazauna ginin, yawan aiki, da jin daɗi". ==== Rashin iska ==== Mafi girman iska yana shafar gurɓataccen cikin gida, ƙanshi, da kuma fahimtar sabo na iska ta hanyar narkar da gurɓata a cikin iska. ASHRAE's Standard 55-2017 yana da mafi ƙarancin ma'auni na 8.3 L / s / mutum. A cikin wani binciken, haɓaka ƙimar zuwa 15 L / s / mutum ya kara aikin da kashi 1.1% kuma ya rage alamun ginin rashin lafiya da kashi 18.8%.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fisk |first=W. J. |last2=Black |first2=D. |last3=Brunner |first3=G. |date=2011 |title=Benefits and costs of improved IEQ in U.S. offices |journal=Indoor Air |language=en |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=357–367 |bibcode=2011InAir..21..357F |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00719.x |issn=1600-0668 |pmid=21470313 |s2cid=25227339 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Cikakken Jagoran Zane na Ginin yana ba da shawarar raba iska daga yanayin zafi don ƙara ta'aziyya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-04-09 |title=Promote Health and Well-Being |url=https://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/productive/promote-health-well-being |access-date=2020-12-18 |website=WBDG - Whole Building Design Guide}}</ref> An hana iska ta halitta a cikin gine-ginen da ke da tsananin buƙatun tacewa, damuwa game da narkewar gurbatawa, alaƙar matsin lamba ta musamman, damuwa game na sirri na magana, da buƙatun zafi na ciki. Babi na San Joaquin ASHRAE yana ba da shawarar kimanta ingancin iska na waje da kuma daidaitawa na bangon da gini kafin nuna bin doka da sarrafa iska ta halitta. ASHRAE Standard 55-2017 sashi na 6.4 yana buƙatar iska ta halitta "da hannu ko sarrafa ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki ko na inji a ƙarƙashin kulawar mai zama kai tsaye. " Chris Schaffner, Shugaba na Green Engineer, ya bayyana windows masu aiki a matsayin "mafi girman aminci na injiniyan HVAC". Spengler da Chen sun ba da shawarar amfani da iska ta halitta a duk inda ya yiwu.<ref name="Spengler 567–600"/> ==== Dust da kwari ==== Dust da datti na iya zama tushen fallasawa ga VOC da gubar da kuma magungunan kashe kwari da allergens. Babban ingancin tacewa na iya cire barbashi kamar dander da allergens wanda in ba haka ba zai haifar da matsalolin numfashi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thorn |first=Ariana |date=2020-12-08 |title=Healthy Buildings: How to Improve Indoor Air Quality |url=https://www.illumetek.com/blog-commercial-lighting/august-2020/how-to-improve-indoor-air-quality |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116031608/https://www.illumetek.com/blog-commercial-lighting/august-2020/how-to-improve-indoor-air-quality |archive-date=2021-01-16 |access-date=2020-12-18 |website=Illumtek Corporation}}</ref> Binciken da aka yi game da yara masu fama da asma a cikin birane na cikin birane ya nuna cewa sun zama masu hankali ga kasancewar kwari, beraye, ko beraye saboda kasancewarsu a gidajensu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crain Ellen F |last2=Walter Michelle |last3=O'Connor George T |last4=Mitchell Herman |last5=Gruchalla Rebecca S |last6=Kattan Meyer |last7=Malindzak George S |last8=Enright Paul |last9=Evans Richard |last10=Morgan Wayne |last11=Stout James W |date=2002-09-01 |title=Home and allergic characteristics of children with asthma in seven U.S. urban communities and design of an environmental intervention: the Inner-City Asthma Study |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-health-perspectives_2002-09_110_9/page/939 |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=110 |issue=9 |pages=939–945 |doi=10.1289/ehp.02110939 |pmc=1240995 |pmid=12204830}}</ref> ==== Amfani da kayan da za a iya zubar da su ==== Al'adun Amurka sun dogara sosai ga kayayyakin da za a iya zubar da su, musamman a cikin kiwon lafiya, don rage farashin da lokaci. A asibitoci, alal misali, masu ba da kiwon lafiya sun rage farashin da ke da alaƙa da kayan aiki tsakanin kulawar marasa lafiya ta hanyar amfani da trays masu amfani. Koyaya, wannan na iya zama mai tsada ga mahalli; a cikin binciken ɗaya, <ref name="pmiddoi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.076">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G |year=1975 |title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. |journal=Biochem Pharmacol |volume=24 |issue=17 |pages=1639–41 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.076 |pmid=10}}</ref> an yi zargin tawul ɗin auduga da ake zubar da su suna da mummunar tasirin muhalli. An kiyasta cewa samar da auduga yana buƙatar 6.6 kg na kwatankwacin carbon dioxide da 0.024 kg na hayakin nitrogen, ban da ruwa mai yawa, taki da aiki. Ana bukaci manajojin kiwon lafiya da su nemi gaskiya game da samar da kayan kiwon lafiya (da kuma kula da sharar gida) don samar da tabbacin cewa samfuran da aka yi amfani da su ba su da tasiri ko ƙananan a kan lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]&nbsp;&nbsp;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ===== Ta'aziyya ta zafi ===== Ta'aziyya ta zafi tana rinjayar abubuwa kamar zafin iska, matsakaicin zafin jiki, zafi mai dangi, saurin iska, ƙimar metabolism, da tufafi. Yanayin zafi na iya shafar ilmantarwa, aikin fahimta, kammala aiki, yaduwar cututtuka, da bacci. ASHRAE ya bayyana yanayin zafi mai karɓa a matsayin wanda kashi 80% na mazauna suka sami karɓa, kodayake kulawar zafi ta mutum yana haifar da gamsuwa mafi girma ga mazauna.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shahzad |first=Sally |last2=Brennan |first2=John |last3=Theodossopoulos |first3=Dimitris |last4=Hughes |first4=Ben |last5=Calautit |first5=John Kaiser |date=2017-01-02 |title=A study of the impact of individual thermal control on user comfort in the workplace: Norwegian cellular vs. British open plan offices |url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112556/3/2016-Architectural%20Science%20Review-final%20copy%20before%20submission.pdf |journal=Architectural Science Review |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=49–61 |doi=10.1080/00038628.2016.1235544 |issn=0003-8628 |s2cid=114414700}}</ref> Yankunan cikin gida waɗanda ba su da iska na iya haifar da raƙuman zafi na cikin gida idan iska ta waje ta yi sanyi amma yawan zafi na ginin ya kama iska mai zafi a ciki. Cedeño-Laurent et al. sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan na iya zama mafi muni yayin da canjin yanayi ke kara "matsayi, tsawon lokaci, da tsananin raƙuman zafi" kuma zai zama da wuya a daidaita su a yankunan da aka tsara don yanayin sanyi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cedeño-Laurent |first=J.G. |last2=Williams |first2=A. |last3=MacNaughton |first3=P. |last4=Cao |first4=X. |last5=Eitland |first5=E. |last6=Spengler |first6=J. |last7=Allen |first7=J. |date=2018-04-01 |title=Building Evidence for Health: Green Buildings, Current Science, and Future Challenges |journal=[[Annual Review of Public Health]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=291–308 |doi=10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044420 |issn=0163-7525 |pmid=29328864 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ===== Ruwa da danshi ===== The Whole Building Design Guide ya ba da shawarar cewa yanayin dangi na cikin gida ya kasance tsakanin 30 da 50% don hana danshi mara kyau da kuma tsarawa don zubar da ruwa da iska.<ref name=":1"/> Ana gabatar da danshi a cikin ginin ko dai ta hanyar shigar da ruwan sama, a waje da shigar da iska mai danshi, da kuma yaduwar tururi ta hanyar ginin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Prowler |first=Don |date=2016-12-19 |title=Mold and Moisture Dynamics |url=https://www.wbdg.org/resources/mold-and-moisture-dynamics#fn1 |access-date=2020-12-18 |website=WBDG - Whole Building Design Guide}}</ref> Babban yanayin zafi, hazo, da shekarun gini suna ba da damar ƙura.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Norbäck |first=D. |last2=Zock |first2=J.-P. |last3=Plana |first3=E. |last4=Heinrich |first4=J. |last5=Tischer |first5=C. |last6=Bertelsen |first6=R. Jacobsen |last7=Sunyer |first7=J. |last8=Künzli |first8=N. |last9=Villani |first9=S. |last10=Olivieri |first10=M. |last11=Verlato |first11=G. |date=2017 |title=Building dampness and mold in European homes in relation to climate, building characteristics and socio-economic status: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey ECRHS II |journal=Indoor Air |language=en |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=921–932 |bibcode=2017InAir..27..921N |doi=10.1111/ina.12375 |issn=1600-0668 |pmid=28190279 |s2cid=45486328 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙura da ƙarancin iska na cikin gida. An yi amfani da masu juyawa na tururi don hana danshi a bangon da rufin.<ref name=":2" /> ==== Sauti ==== Duk da yake hayaniya ba koyaushe ana iya sarrafa shi ba, yana da alaƙa mai girma da alaƙar haifar da lafiyar hankali, damuwa, da hawan jini.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jensen |first=Heidi A. R. |last2=Rasmussen |first2=Birgit |last3=Ekholm |first3=Ola |date=2018-12-01 |title=Neighbour and traffic noise annoyance: a nationwide study of associated mental health and perceived stress |url=https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/28/6/1050/5009407 |journal=European Journal of Public Health |language=en |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=1050–1055 |doi=10.1093/eurpub/cky091 |issn=1101-1262 |pmid=29846583 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin binciken ya nuna cewa akwai alaƙa mafi girma na fushin amo da ciwon jiki ko rashin jin daɗi a cikin mata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jensen |first=Heidi A. R. |last2=Rasmussen |first2=Birgit |last3=Ekholm |first3=Ola |date=2019-11-12 |title=Neighbour noise annoyance is associated with various mental and physical health symptoms: results from a nationwide study among individuals living in multi-storey housing |url= |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=1508 |doi=10.1186/s12889-019-7893-8 |issn=1471-2458 |pmc=6849169 |pmid=31718590 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tasirin gurɓataccen amo ya haɗa da raunin ji, fahimtar magana, rikicewar bacci, ayyukan jiki, rashin lafiya na hankali, da aiki. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar kirkirar "Tsarin Kasa don Muhalli mai dorewa na Cikin Gida" takamaiman kowace ƙasa. === Ingancin ruwa === Ingancin ruwa na iya gurɓata ta hanyar sunadarai, sunadarai na kwayoyin halitta, da microorganisms.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Joseph G |last2=Bernstein |first2=Ari |date=2020 |title=The 9 Foundations of a Healthy Building |url=https://9foundations.forhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/9_Foundations_of_a_Healthy_Building_February_2017.pdf |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=9Foundations |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713141735/https://9foundations.forhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/9_Foundations_of_a_Healthy_Building_February_2017.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta dauki cututtukan da ke dauke da ruwa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin kiwon lafiya na duniya, musamman ga kasashe masu tasowa da yara. WHO ta ba da shawarar bin tsare-tsaren tsaro na ruwa waɗanda suka haɗa da gudanarwa, kulawa, ƙira mai kyau, tsaftacewa, gudanar da zafin jiki, da hana tsayawa. Ana samun ruwa mai tsayi don lalata ingancin microbiological na ruwa, da kuma kara lalatawa, ƙanshi, da batutuwan dandano.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Inkinen |first=Jenni |last2=Kaunisto |first2=Tuija |last3=Pursiainen |first3=Anna |last4=Miettinen |first4=Ilkka T. |last5=Kusnetsov |first5=Jaana |last6=Riihinen |first6=Kalle |last7=Keinänen-Toivola |first7=Minna M. |date=2014-02-01 |title=Drinking water quality and formation of biofilms in an office building during its first year of operation, a full scale study |journal=Water Research |language=en |volume=49 |pages=83–91 |bibcode=2014WatRe..49...83I |doi=10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.013 |issn=0043-1354 |pmid=24317021}}</ref> Kwayar cuta ''Legionella'' na iya samun damar girma a cikin manyan gine-gine saboda tsarin rarraba ruwa mai tsawo kuma ba isasshen kulawa ba.<ref name=":4" /> WHO ta ba da shawarar wayar da kan jama'a game da waɗannan batutuwan don kula da ingancin ruwa: [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2024}} * Gudun baya * Haɗin giciye * Gudanar da inganci na waje * Ruwa mai zaman kansa * Amfani da kayan aiki * Rage ƙarshen mutuwa da tsayawa * Yankunan amfani na yanayi * amincin tankin ajiya * Matsin ruwa * Yanayin zafi na ruwa === Tsaro da tsaro === Damuwa game da aminci yana shafar lafiyar hankali da yiwuwar jiki na mazauna ta hanyar rage yawan ayyukan jiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yu |first=Ge |last2=Renton |first2=Adrian |last3=Schmidt |first3=Elena |last4=Tobi |first4=Patrick |last5=Bertotti |first5=Marcello |last6=Watts |first6=Paul |last7=Lais |first7=Shahana |date=2011-09-01 |title=A multilevel analysis of the association between social networks and support on leisure time physical activity: Evidence from 40 disadvantaged areas in London |url= |journal=Health & Place |language=en |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=1023–1029 |doi=10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.07.002 |issn=1353-8292 |pmc=5066841 |pmid=21784693}}</ref> Tsoron aikata laifuka na iya haifar da karancin motsa jiki da kuma karuwar warewar jama'a. Atkinson ya nuna cewa aikata laifuka ya dogara ne akan masu laifi, manufofi, da rashin masu kula. Daidaita waɗannan a cikin gine-gine na iya ƙara amincin da ake tsammani. === Haske da ra'ayi === Nau'in da lokacin haske a ko'ina cikin rana yana shafar rhythms na circadian da ilimin jikin mutum. A cikin binciken da Shamsul et al. suka yi, haske mai sanyi da hasken rana na wucin gadi (kimanin 450-480 nanometers) an haɗa su da matakan faɗakarwa mafi girma.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Batista Ferrer |first=Harriet |last2=Cooper |first2=Ashley |last3=Audrey |first3=Suzanne |date=2018 |title=Associations of mode of travel to work with physical activity, and individual, interpersonal, organisational, and environmental characteristics |journal=Journal of Transport & Health |volume=9 |pages=45–55 |bibcode=2018JTHea...9...45B |doi=10.1016/j.jth.2018.01.009 |pmc=6011385 |pmid=29951354 |quote=Evidence from systematic reviews suggests that adult populations who use active modes of transport (walking and cycling) for commuting have overall higher physical activity than car commuters, and also have decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality (Hamer and Chida, 2008, Saunders et al., 2013}}</ref> Hasken shuɗi yana shafar yanayi, aiki, gajiya, mai da hankali, da kwanciyar hankali na ido kuma yana ba da damar yin barci mafi kyau da dare.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Viola |first=Antoine U. |last2=James |first2=Lynette M. |last3=Schlangen |first3=Luc JM |last4=Dijk |first4=Derk-Jan |date=2008 |title=Blue-enriched white light in the workplace improves self-reported alertness, performance and sleep quality |url=https://www.sjweh.fi/show_abstract.php?abstract_id=1268 |journal=Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=297–306 |doi=10.5271/sjweh.1268 |issn=0355-3140 |pmid=18815716 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Hasken haske a lokacin hunturu an kuma nuna shi don inganta lafiyar da aka bayar da rahoton kai da rage damuwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Partonen |first=Timo |last2=Lönnqvist |first2=Jouko |date=2000-01-01 |title=Bright light improves vitality and alleviates distress in healthy people |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032799000634 |journal=Journal of Affective Disorders |language=en |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=55–61 |doi=10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00063-4 |issn=0165-0327 |pmid=10708816 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Hasken rana yana nufin samar da damar yin hasken rana na halitta, wanda zai iya zama mai daɗi da inganta tsawon bacci da inganci.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Boubekri |first=Mohamned Boubekri |last2=Cheung |first2=Ivy N. |last3=Reid |first3=Kathryn J. |date=2014-06-15 |title=Impact of Windows and Daylight Exposure on Overall Health and Sleep Quality of Office Workers: A Case-Control Pilot Study |journal=Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=603–611 |doi=10.5664/jcsm.3780 |pmc=4031400 |pmid=24932139}}</ref> Littafin LEED ya rubuta cewa hasken rana na iya adana makamashi yayin da yake "ƙara ingancin yanayin gani" da gamsuwa da mazauna. Views to green landscapes can significantly increase attention and stress recovery.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Dongying |last2=Sullivan |first2=William C. |date=2016-04-01 |title=Impact of views to school landscapes on recovery from stress and mental fatigue |journal=Landscape and Urban Planning |language=en |volume=148 |pages=149–158 |bibcode=2016LUrbP.148..149L |doi=10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.12.015 |issn=0169-2046 |doi-access=free}}</ref> They can also have a positive influence on emotional states.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ulrich |first=Roger S. |date=2016-07-26 |title=Natural Versus Urban Scenes: Some Psychophysiological Effects |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0013916581135001 |journal=Environment and Behavior |language=en |volume=13 |doi=10.1177/0013916581135001 |s2cid=145353028 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ulrich |first=Roger S. |date=1979-03-01 |title=Visual landscapes and psychological well-being |journal=Landscape Research |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=17–23 |bibcode=1979LandR...4...17U |doi=10.1080/01426397908705892 |issn=0142-6397}}</ref> Ko et al. consider views to be "important for the comfort, emotion, and working memory and concentration of occupants." Providing a view to nature through a glass window may benefit occupants' well-being and increase employee's effectiveness.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaplan |first=Rachel |date=October 1993 |title=The role of nature in the context of the workplace |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_landscape-and-urban-planning_1993-10_26_1-4/page/193 |journal=Landscape and Urban Planning |volume=26 |issue=1–4 |pages=193–201 |bibcode=1993LUrbP..26..193K |doi=10.1016/0169-2046(93)90016-7 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> gau7oj0xyhqqbhimy8j31tnb0bfzy8r 0 110449 975400 688991 2026-11-02T22:55:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Garkuwa da ango''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Pakaruah shaadi''' ko '''Jabaria shaadi''', wani abu ne mai ban mamaki a [[Bihar]], wanda ya fi shahara a Munger da Dumka (yanzu a [[Jharkhand]]) inda dangin [[amarya]] suka sace masu zaman kansu kuma daga baya suka yi aure da karfi, don samun maza masu ilimi mafi kyau da / ko maza masu arziki. Idan aka yi la'akari da al'adun gargajiya ga sacrament na aure, yawancin irin waɗannan auren ba a sokewa su ba. Bugu da ƙari, ango na iya fuskantar tuhumar aikata laifuka ta ƙarya a ƙarƙashin Dokar sadaki ta Indiya, kuma ya ƙare yaƙi na dogon lokaci. Wannan aikin ya zama sananne a ƙarshen karni na 20, yayin da farashin sadaki ya zama haramtacce kuma ƙungiyoyin da aka shirya sun zo gaba don aiwatar da sace-sacen. A shekara ta 2009, an bayar da rahoton satar mutane 1224 don aure a Bihar, wanda aka gudanar a madadin iyalan amarya.<ref name="aus">{{Cite web |date=January 13, 2010 |title=Bachelor snatchers after suitable boys |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/bachelor-snatchers-after-suitable-boys/story-e6frg6so-1225818565087 |website=The Australian}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == A aikace, ana amfani da ma'aurata masu yuwuwa, yawanci daga iyalai masu arziki. Matasa maza da suka kammala jarrabawar IAS, suna da digiri na likita ko injiniya ko kuma sun sami aikin gwamnati, iyalan da ba za su iya biyan sadaki mai yawa ba ne. Wadannan "gurasa" ana sace su, ana tsare su kuma galibi ana bugawa su cikin biyayya kafin a tilasta musu yin aure, sau da yawa a kan bindiga tare da igiya da aka ɗaure a wuyansu don haka ba za su iya guduwa ba. Daga baya, idan ango ya yi ƙoƙari ya cire kansa daga auren, yana fuskantar dogon gwagwarmaya na shari'a har ma da tuhumar aikata laifuka a ƙarƙashin dokar Dowry ta Indiya, wanda aka tsara don kare haƙƙin mata a cikin aure, kamar yadda a mafi yawan lokuta, dangin amarya suna da ƙarfi a kudi. A cewar Arvind, 'yan siyasa da yawa masu arziki na Mauritian sun fara auren' yaransu a cikin iyalai masu daraja na Bhumihar, wanda ya kori kudaden sadaki sosai kuma ba za a iya kaiwa ga Bhumihars na yau da kullun ba, tare da kasuwar sadaki ta zama mai banƙyama. Wannan ya haifar da satar ango. A cikin shekaru, masu aikata laifuka da aka shirya sun zama wani ɓangare na aikin, yayin da suke gudanar da sace-sacen don kuɗi da kuma tabbatar da "daidaitawa" bayan aure ta ango don ƙarin kuɗi. Don haka, yawancin irin waɗannan auren ba a bayar da rahoto ba kuma galibi suna ci gaba da tsoron tashin hankali daga masu aikata laifuka na yankin.<ref name="alt">{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2009 |title=Men Kidnapped and Forced Into Marriage |url=http://www.alternet.org/sex/142785/men_kidnapped_and_forced_into_marriage/ |publisher=[[AlterNet]]}}</ref> Tun a farkon shekara ta 1993, mujallar India Today ta ba da rahoton irin wannan satar da "ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa", ɗaya daga cikinsu an kafa shi a 1982 a Bihar, don sace ango da suka bukaci sadaki mai yawa kuma suka auri su. A wasu lokuta, idan ango ya nemi sadaki mai yawa ko kuma ya koma baya daga aure saboda matsalolin sadaki, dangin yarinyar suna amfani da irin waɗannan matakan, suna da sace ango ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin masu laifi.<ref name="aus"/> == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == A cikin tsohuwar wasan Sanskrit Vina-Vasavadatta, sarki Pradyota ya sace Udayana bayan ya yanke shawarar cewa shi ango ne mai dacewa ga 'yarsa Vasavadatta. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=A. K. Warder}}</ref> Da yake ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar ainihin rayuwar aboki na kusa, darektan Sushil Rajpal ya yi fim a kan batun. An kira shi ''Antardwand'', ya lashe lambar yabo ta fina-finai ta kasa ta 2007 don Mafi kyawun Fim a kan Batutuwan Jama'a, kuma an sake shi a cikin 2010. Har ila yau, satar ango shine batun jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, ''Sab Ki Jodi Wohi Banata Bhagyavidhataa'' (2009) a kan Colors TV. == Dubi kuma == * Garkuwa da amarya, a tarihi ya fi yawa fiye da ayyukan garkuwa da ango * Kungiyar tilasta saki ta New York == Manazarta == 8gnija4rkce1fasx444c8ooypqynin7 0 112428 975505 953926 2026-11-03T09:04:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}HIV a '''''cikin,''''' shine kasancewar kamuwa da cutar HIV/AIDS a cikin mace yayin da take da ciki. Akwai haɗarin kamuwa da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] daga uwa zuwa ɗa a yanayi uku na farko: ciki, haihuwa, da lokacin shayarwa. Wannan batu yana da mahimmanci saboda ana iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta hanyar da ta dace ta hanyar likita, kuma idan ba tare da magani ba HIV/AIDS na iya haifar da rashin lafiya da mutuwa a cikin uwa da yaro. An misalta wannan ta hanyar bayanai daga Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC): A cikin Amurka da Puerto Rico tsakanin shekarun 2014-2017, inda ake samun kulawar haihuwa gabaɗaya, akwai jarirai 10,257 a Amurka da Puerto Rico waɗanda suka kamu da kamuwa da cutar kanjamau ta mahaifa a cikin utero waɗanda ba su kamu da cutar ba kuma 244 sun kamu da jarirai..<ref name="CDC_HIV_Surveillence">{{Cite web |date=May 2020 |title=HIV Surveillance Report |url=http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html |website=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.}}</ref> Nauyin cutar kanjamau / AIDS, gami da yaduwar cutar kanjamao daga uwa zuwa yaro, yana shafar kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaici, musamman kasashen Kudancin Afirka. [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ta kiyasta cewa mata da 'yan mata miliyan 1.3 da ke zaune tare da cutar kanjamau suna yin ciki a kowace shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mother-to-child transmission of HIV |url=https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/prevention/mother-to-child-transmission-of-hiv |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Hadarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau da cutar kanjamao ta hanyar yin bincike mai kyau, maganin kamuwa da cutar kansar HIV tare da maganin antiretroviral (ART), da bin shawarwari bayan haihuwa. Musamman, ba tare da magungunan antiretroviral ba, tsoma baki na haihuwa, da shawarwarin shayarwa, akwai kusan kashi 30% na hadarin yaduwar cutar kanjamau daga uwa zuwa yaro.<ref name="Workowski_2015">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Workowski KA, Bolan GA |date=June 2015 |title=Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/tg-2015-print.pdf |journal=MMWR. Recommendations and Reports |volume=64 |issue=RR-03 |pages=1–137 |doi= |pmc=5885289 |pmid=26042815}}</ref> Wannan haɗarin ya ragu zuwa ƙasa da 1% lokacin da aka yi amfani da abubuwan da aka ambata a baya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV {{!}} NIH |url=https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/preventing-perinatal-transmission-hiv-during-pregnancy-and-childbirth |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=hivinfo.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref> Kwalejin Amurka ta Obstetrics da Gynecology (ACOG) don haka tana ba da shawarar gwajin HIV a matsayin wani bangare na yau da kullun na duka kafin ciki da kulawa ta farko don tabbatar da saurin shiga tsakani da ya dace.<ref name="ACOG_2018">{{Cite journal |vauthors=<!-- No authors listed --> |date=September 2018 |title=ACOG Committee Opinion No. 752: Prenatal and Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing |url=https://www.acog.org/en/Clinical/Clinical%20Guidance/Committee%20Opinion/Articles/2018/09/Prenatal%20and%20Perinatal%20Human%20Immunodeficiency%20Virus%20Testing |journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=e138–e142 |doi=10.1097/AOG.0000000000002825 |pmid=30134428 |s2cid=52070003 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508032452/https://www.acog.org/en/Clinical/Clinical%20Guidance/Committee%20Opinion/Articles/2018/09/Prenatal%20and%20Perinatal%20Human%20Immunodeficiency%20Virus%20Testing |archive-date=2022-05-08 |access-date=2025-08-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Cutar kwayar cutar kanjamau ba wata matsala ce ga daukar ciki ba. Mata masu cutar kanjamau na iya zaɓar yin ciki idan suna so, duk da haka, ana ƙarfafa su su yi magana da likitocin su a gaba. Musamman, 20-34% na mata a Amurka da ke fama da cutar kanjamau ba su san ganewar cutar ba har sai sun yi juna biyu kuma sun yi gwajin haihuwa.<ref name="OAR_Clinical_Info">{{Cite web |last=Panel on Treatment of Pregnant Women with HIV Infection and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission. |title=Maternal HIV Testing and Identification of Perinatal HIV Exposure |url=https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/maternal-hiv-testing-and-identification-perinatal-hiv-exposure?view=full |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=Clinical Info HIV gov |publisher=Office of AIDS Research (OAR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |archive-date=2021-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122184209/https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/maternal-hiv-testing-and-identification-perinatal-hiv-exposure?view=full |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Hanyar watsawa == Ana iya yada cutar kanjamau daga uwa mai dauke da cutar zuwa ga jariri a cikin yanayi uku: a fadin mahaifa a lokacin daukar ciki (a cikin mahaifa), a lokacin haihuwa saboda saduwa da tayin tare da kamuwa da kwayar cutar mahaifa da jini, ko kuma bayan haihuwa ta hanyar nono. Wannan nau'in watsa kwayar cuta kuma ana san shi da watsawar tsaye. Ana kyautata zaton cewa kamuwa da cutar kanjamau daga uwa zuwa yaro ya fi faruwa a lokacin haihuwa lokacin da jariri ya hadu kai tsaye da jinin mahaifiyar da ta kamu da shi ko kuma ruwan al’aura a cikin magudanar haihuwa[1]. Maganin mahaifa tare da maganin ART kafin haihuwa yana rage nauyin kwayar cutar hoto, ko adadin kwayar cutar da ke cikin jinin uwa da sauran ruwan jiki, wanda ke rage yiwuwar yada kwayar cutar kwayar cutar zuwa tayin yayin haihuwa.<ref name="Levinson_2020">{{Cite book}}</ref> == Alamomi ko alamomi == === Matar uwa === Cutar HIV a cikin manya yawanci suna bin mataki na 3, kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa: [[Fayil:Cross_Reaction_Rash_cropped.jpg|thumb|Maculopapular Rash, lura: wannan hoton yana nuna wani rash wanda ba lallai ba ne ya danganta da kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV.''lura: wannan hoton yana nuna wani rash wanda ba lallai bane ya danganta da kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau'']] [[Fayil:Early_Symptoms_of_HIV_Diagram.png|thumb|Alamomin farko na Diagram na HIV.]] ; Farko, mataki mai tsanani : Mataki na farko na kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau ya haɗa da saurin yaduwar kwayar cuta da kamuwa da cuta.<ref name="CDC_About_Hiv">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-03 |title=About HIV/AIDS |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref> Wannan matakin yawanci yana ɗaukar makonni 2-4 bayan kamuwa da cuta kuma daga baya ya warware ba zato ba tsammani. Tsakanin 50 da 90% na manya suna fuskantar alamun a lokacin wannan matakin kamuwa da cuta.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Niu MT, Stein DS, Schnittman SM |date=December 1993 |title=Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: review of pathogenesis and early treatment intervention in humans and animal retrovirus infections |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-infectious-diseases_1993-12_168_6/page/1490 |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=168 |issue=6 |pages=1490–501 |doi=10.1093/infdis/168.6.1490 |pmid=8245534}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, mata na iya fuskantar zazzabi, ciwon makogwaro, barci, kumbura na lymph, zawo, da rash. An bayyana rash a matsayin maculopapular, wanda ke nufin ya ƙunshi raunin fata mai laushi da ya tashi, kuma ya bayyana a kan akwati, hannaye da kafafu amma bai bayyana a kan dabino ko ƙafafun ƙafa ba.<ref name="Levinson_2020" /> ; Matsayi na tsakiya, na yau da kullun / na baya : Matsayi na tsakiya na kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau na iya ɗaukar shekaru 7-10 a cikin mai haƙuri wanda ba a kula da shi da maganin ART ba.<ref name="Levinson_2020" /> A wannan lokacin, kwayar cutar kanta ba ta ɓoye ko kuma ba ta aiki, amma an tsare ta a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph, inda take maimaitawa a ƙananan matakan.<ref name="CDC_About_Hiv" /> Mata gabaɗaya ba su da alamun bayyanar cututtuka a wannan lokacin amma wasu na iya fuskantar zazzabi mai ɗorewa, gajiya, asarar nauyi, da ƙwayoyin lymph masu kumbura, wanda aka sani da rikitarwa da cutar kanjamau (ARC). <ref name="Levinson_2020" /> ; Mataki na baya, ci gaba / rashin lafiya : Cutar AIDS ta samo asali ne daga ci gaba da lalata CD4 T-helper cells na tsarin rigakafi ta hanyar kwayar cutar HIV. An bayyana cutar kanjamau ta hanyar ko dai ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin CD4 na ƙasa da ƙwayoyin 200 a kowace microliter (wanda ke nuna ƙarancin rigakafi mai tsanani), ko ci gaban takamaiman yanayin cutar kanjamawa.<ref name="CDC_About_Hiv" /> Saboda suna da rigakafi, mata a wannan matakin suna cikin haɗari ga cututtukan cututtuka masu tsanani, waɗanda yawan jama'a ba sa kwangila ko kwangila sosai. Wadannan nau'ikan kamuwa da cuta suna haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani da mutuwa a cikin marasa lafiya tare da HIV / AIDS.<ref name="CDC_HIV_Surveillence"/> Mutanen da ke da irin wannan cututtukan HIV masu tasowa suna cikin haɗari don kamuwa da alamun jijiyoyin Jiki (misali dementia da Neuropathy), da wasu cututtukansun daji (misali Non-Hodgkin's B-Cell Lymphoma, Kaposi's Sarcoma, da cututtukun da ke da alaƙa da [[Human papillomavirus infection|HPV]] ciki har da anal, [[Ciwon daji na mahaifa|cervical]], oral, pharyngeal, penile da vulvar cancer). <ref name="Levinson_2020" /> [[Fayil:Human_tongue_infected_with_oral_candidiasis.jpg|thumb|Oral Candidiasis (oral thrush) a cikin yaro.]] Bayyanar cutar kanjamau na asibiti a cikin jariran da ba a kula da su ba shi da ƙarancin tsinkaya kuma takamaiman fiye da na babban kamuwa da cuta. Musamman ma, idan an gano cutar HIV kuma an yi maganinta yadda ya kamata, alamu da rikitarwa a cikin jarirai ba su da yawa. Ba tare da maganin ART ba, jariran da aka haifa tare da kwayar cutar HIV suna da rashin fahimta. Idan alamun bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana, mafi yawan sun haɗa da zazzaɓi na yau da kullum, kumburin kumburin ƙwayar lymph, ƙara girma da kuma/ko hanta, gazawar girma, da gudawa. Waɗannan yara kuma na iya haɓaka cututtukan da ba za a iya amfani da su ba, musamman waɗanda suka haɗa da ciwon kai na baka mai maimaitawa (Candidiasis) da/ko Candida diaper rash, ciwon huhu, ko ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, ko cututtukan fungal. Alamun cututtukan jijiyoyi, musamman kwayar cutar kanjamau, suna da yawa a cikin jarirai masu cutar HIV ba tare da magani ba.. == Bincike / tantancewa == === Shirye-shiryen ciki === Babban abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su a cikin shirin daukar ciki ga mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau shine haɗarin yaduwar cuta tsakanin abokan jima'i da kansu da haɗarin yaddar da cuta ga tayin. Dukkanin haɗarin za a iya rage su tare da shirin perinatal da ya dace da kulawa ta rigakafi.<ref name=":21">{{Cite web |title=Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) to Reduce the Risk of Acquiring HIV During Periconception, Antepartum, and Postpartum Periods {{!}} Perinatal {{!}} ClinicalInfo |url=https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/prep |access-date=2021-01-27 |website=Clinical Info HIV gov |publisher=Office of AIDS Research (OAR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |archive-date=2021-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126145423/https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/prep |url-status=dead }}</ref> ACOG da Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa (NIH) suna ba da shawarar duk ma'aurata inda ɗaya ko duka biyu suke da cutar HIV suna neman shawara kafin ciki da kuma tuntuɓar masana a cikin Obstetrics da Gynecology, Cututtukan Cututtuka, da kuma yiwuwar endocrinology na haihuwa da rashin haihuwa don tabbatar da ma'auratare sun dace, jagora ta mutum bisa ga takamaiman yanayin cututtukan su da kuma auna haɗarin tayin da ke tattare da shan magunguna na ART.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prepregnancy Counseling |url=https://www.acog.org/en/Clinical/Clinical%20Guidance/Committee%20Opinion/Articles/2019/01/Prepregnancy%20Counseling |access-date=2021-01-21 |website=www.acog.org |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128034012/https://www.acog.org/en/Clinical/Clinical%20Guidance/Committee%20Opinion/Articles/2019/01/Prepregnancy%20Counseling |archive-date=2021-01-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Preconception Counseling and Care for Women of Childbearing Age with HIV |url=https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/reproductive-options-couples-when-one-or-both-partners-are-living-hiv?view=full |access-date=2021-01-21 |website=Clinical Info HIV gov |publisher=Office of AIDS Research (OAR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128180407/https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/reproductive-options-couples-when-one-or-both-partners-are-living-hiv?view=full |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ma'auratan da abokin tarayya ɗaya ne kawai ke da kwayar cutar HIV suna cikin haɗarin watsa kwayar cutar HIV ga abokin tarayya wanda bai kamu da cutar ba. Waɗannan ma'auratan ana kiransu da ma'auratan serodiscordant. CDC ta ba da rahoton cewa mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV waɗanda ke iya ɗaukar nauyin kwayar cutar da ba za a iya gano su ba yayin da suke shan maganin ART suna da mummunar haɗari na watsa kwayar cutar HIV ga abokin tarayya ta hanyar jima'i bisa la'akari da bayanan lura daga manyan binciken da yawa, musamman ma gwajin HPTN052 na asibiti, binciken PARTNER, binciken PARTNER2, da kuma Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru. Saboda haka NIH ta ba da shawarar cewa masu dauke da kwayar cutar HIV waɗanda ke kula da nauyin kwayar cutar da ba a iya gano su ta hanyar yin amfani da maganin ART na dogon lokaci na iya ƙoƙarin yin tunani ta hanyar jima'i marar jima'i tare da ƙananan haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka zuwa abokin tarayya mara kyau na HIV. NIH ta kara ba da shawarar cewa daidaita jima'i marasa kwaroron roba tare da kololuwar haihuwa, wanda ke faruwa a lokacin ovulation, ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen ovulation da tuntuɓar masana na asibiti na iya haɓaka damar ɗaukar ciki.<ref name=":14"/> [[Fayil:In_vitro_fertilization.jpg|thumb|In-Vitro Fertilization.]] Lokacin da mai cutar kanjamau a cikin haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa bai sami nasarar kawar da kwayar cutar ba ko kuma ba a san matsayinsa ko kwayar cutar ba, akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka don hana watsawa tsakanin abokan tarayya. Zaɓin na farko ya haɗa da ba da Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ART Therapy (PrEP) ga abokin tarayya mara kyau na HIV, wanda ya haɗa da yin amfani da maganin haɗin gwiwa sau ɗaya kowace rana don hana watsa kwayar cutar HIV bayan jima'i marar jima'i. NIH ta ba da shawarar gudanar da PrEP ga ma'aurata masu jima'i waɗanda za su yi ƙoƙarin yin ciki ta hanyar jima'i maras amfani, duk da haka, sun jaddada cewa riko ya zama dole don kare abokin tarayya mara kyau na HIV. Wani zaɓi don samun ciki yayin hana kamuwa da cutar HIV a lokaci guda shine taimakon haihuwa. Lokacin da macen da ke yunƙurin daukar ciki tana ɗauke da cutar kanjamau, za a iya ba ta taimako ta hanyar ba da maniyyi daga abokiyar zamanta don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta[1]. Lokacin da mutumin da ke cikin haɗin gwiwa yana da kwayar cutar HIV, ma'aurata za su iya zaɓar yin amfani da maniyyi mai bayarwa ko amfani da dabarun shirye-shiryen maniyyi (misali, wanke maniyyi da gwajin hoto na samfurin samfurin) da kuma intrauterine ko in vitro hadi don samun ciki don rage haɗarin watsawa ga abokin tarayya.<ref name=":14"/> A cikin ma'aurata inda namiji da mace suke da cutar kanjamau, daukar ciki na iya faruwa ba tare da damuwa game da yaduwar cutar tsakanin juna ba. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci ga kowace uwa mai cutar kanjamau ta fara da kuma kula da maganin ART mai dacewa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin ƙwararren ƙwararren HIV kafin da kuma duk lokacin ciki don rage haɗarin yaduwar perinatal ga tayin.<ref name=":14"/> Kodayake ana samun hanyoyin haihuwa masu taimakawa ga ma'aurata masu rikice-rikice, har yanzu akwai iyakoki don samun nasarar daukar ciki. An nuna mata masu cutar kanjamau sun rage yawan haihuwa, wanda zai iya shafar zaɓuɓɓukan haihuwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Glynn JR, Buvé A, Caraël M, Kahindo M, Macauley IB, Musonda RM, Jungmann E, Tembo F, Zekeng L |date=December 2000 |title=Decreased fertility among HIV-1-infected women attending antenatal clinics in three African cities |journal=Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=345–52 |doi=10.1097/00126334-200012010-00008 |pmid=11114835 |s2cid=22980353 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mata masu cutar kanjamau suna iya kamuwa da wasu cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i, wanda ke sanya su cikin haɗari mafi girma don rashin haihuwa. Maza da ke fama da kwayar cutar kanjamau sun bayyana sun ragu da yawan maniyyi da kuma motsi na maniyyi, wanda ke rage yawan haihuwa.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |vauthors=van Leeuwen E, Prins JM, Jurriaans S, Boer K, Reiss P, Repping S, van der Veen F |date=2007-03-01 |title=Reproduction and fertility in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection |journal=Human Reproduction Update |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=197–206 |doi=10.1093/humupd/dml052 |pmid=17099206 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ART na iya shafar haihuwa na namiji da na mace kuma wasu magunguna na iya zama masu guba ga tayin.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kushnir VA, Lewis W |date=September 2011 |title=Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infertility: emerging problems in the era of highly active antiretrovirals |journal=Fertility and Sterility |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=546–53 |doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.094 |pmc=3165097 |pmid=21722892}}</ref> === Gwaje-gwaje a cikin ciki === [[Fayil:HIV_Rapid_Test_being_administered.jpg|thumb|Ana gudanar da gwajin gaggawa na HIV ga mai haƙuri.]] Gano farkon kamuwa da cutar kanjamau masu juna biyu da fara ART a cikin juna biyu yana da mahimmanci wajen hana kamuwa da cutar zuwa tayin da kuma kare lafiyar uwa, domin matan da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau wadanda ba su yi gwajin cutar ba suna iya yada cutar ga ‘ya’yansu. CDC, NIH, ACOG, da Kwalejin Ilimin Ilimin Yara na Amurka kowanne yana ba da shawarar gwajin HIV na farkon watanni uku ga duk mata masu juna biyu a matsayin wani ɓangare na kulawa da haihuwa na yau da kullun. NIH ta kara yin karin haske kan wannan shawarar, inda ta nuna cewa ya kamata a gudanar da gwajin cutar kanjamau da wuri a duk inda mace ta nemi kulawa da farko ta tantance tana da juna biyu (misali, a Sashen Gaggawa). Ana gudanar da gwajin cutar kanjamau na farko a lokaci guda tare da sauran abubuwan yau da kullun, aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na farkon ciki a Amurka, gami da: cikakken kirga jini, bugun jini da abubuwan Rhesus, fitsari, al'adar fitsari, titer rubella, hepatitis B da C titers, gwajin kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar jima'i, da gwajin tarin fuka.[5] ACOG ta ba da shawarar cewa masu kula da masu juna biyu suna maimaita gwajin cutar kanjamau na uku kafin yin ciki na makonni 36 ga mata masu zuwa: waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau, waɗanda ke zaune a wuraren da ke da yawan kamuwa da cutar kanjamau a cikin ciki, waɗanda ke kurkuku, ko waɗanda ke da alamun bayyanar cutar HIV mai tsanani.[1] Ga matan da ba su sami kulawar haihuwa ba ko kuma waɗanda ba a yi musu gwajin cutar kanjamau a baya ba a lokacin da suke da juna biyu, ACOG da NIH sun ba da shawarar yin gwajin HIV cikin gaggawa a sashin nakuda da haihuwa kafin haihuwa ko kuma nan da nan bayan haihuwa.. <ref name="ACOG_2018"/> <ref name="OAR_Clinical_Info"/> Ana ba da gwajin cutar kanjamau a Amurka a halin yanzu a kan wani zaɓi, ''fita'' ga shawarar CDC.<ref name="CDC_Opt_Out">{{Cite web |title=An Opt-Out Approach to HIV Screening |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/gender/pregnantwomen/opt-out.html |access-date=2015-11-13 |website=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Gwajin Opt-out ya haɗa da ilimantar da mai haƙuri game da tasirin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau akan ciki, sanar da mai haƙƙin cewa ana ba da shawarar tantance cutar kanjamaun HIV ga dukan mata masu juna biyu, da kuma sanar da ita cewa za ta karɓi gwajin ta atomatik tare da sauran ayyukan dakin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun sai dai idan ta ƙi gwajin kuma ta sanya hannu kan fom ɗin yarda don cire shi daga kwamitin dakin gwajewar ta.<ref name="ACOG_2018"/> Sauran samfurin, wanda aka sani da samfurin opt-in, ya haɗa da ba da shawara ga mata kan gwajin HIV, bayan haka suka zaɓi karɓar gwajin ta hanyar sanya hannu kan fom ɗin yarda. CDC ba ta ba da shawarar samfurin opt-in ba, saboda yana da alaƙa da ƙananan ƙimar gwaji.<ref name="OAR_Clinical_Info"/> Idan mace ta zaɓi ƙin gwajin, ba za ta sami gwajin ba. Koyaya, za ta ci gaba da karɓar shawarar cutar kanjamau a duk lokacin da take ciki don a san ta yadda ya kamata game da cutar da tasirin da take da shi. Za a ba ta gwajin cutar kanjamau a kowane mataki na ciki idan ta canza tunaninta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant HIV-1-Infected Women for Maternal Health and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States. |url=https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/hivtestingandpregnancy_fs_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105083106/http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/HIVTestingandPregnancy_FS_en.pdf |archive-date=5 January 2012 |access-date=1 February 2012 |publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)}}</ref> Mafi sabunta ka'idojin gwajin HIV sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da kwayar cutar HIV-1 da HIV-2 antigen/ antibody hade immunoassay azaman gwajin farko na kamuwa da cutar HIV. Wannan gwajin jini yana tantance ko mahaifiyar ta ƙirƙiri ƙwayoyin rigakafi, waɗanda furotin ne na yaƙi da cututtuka na ƙwayoyin cuta, HIV-1 da HIV-2. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi za su kasance kawai idan mai haƙuri ya kamu da cutar HIV, saboda haka, suna aiki azaman alamar kamuwa da cuta. Har ila yau, wannan gwajin ya gano wani furotin da ake kira p24 a cikin jinin mahaifiyarsa, wanda wani yanki ne na kwayar cutar HIV kanta kuma yana aiki a matsayin alamar farko na kamuwa da cutar HIV. Idan wannan gwajin ya tabbata, CDC ta ba da shawarar yin gwajin bin diddigi ta amfani da gwajin da ake kira HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay cewa duka biyun sun tabbatar da ganewar asali kuma suna ƙayyade takamaiman nau'in kamuwa da cutar kanjamau mai haƙuri dole ne ya keɓance ƙarin kulawar mara lafiya.<ref name="Branson14">{{Cite report}}</ref> Wani lokaci, duk da haka, mutum na iya kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau amma jiki bai samar da isasshen magungunan rigakafi ba don a gano su ta hanyar gwajin.<ref name="OAR_Clinical_Info"/> Idan mace tana da haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau ko alamun kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani amma gwaje-gwaje marasa kyau a gwajin gwaji na farko, ya kamata a sake gwada ta cikin watanni 3 don tabbatar da cewa ba ta da kwayar cuta, ko kuma ya kamata ta sami ƙarin gwaji tare da gwajin RNA na HIV, wanda zai iya zama tabbatacce kafin gwajin rigakafin rigakafi / antigen.<ref name="OAR_Clinical_Info" /><ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cornett JK, Kirn TJ |date=September 2013 |title=Laboratory diagnosis of HIV in adults: a review of current methods |journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=712–8 |doi=10.1093/cid/cit281 |pmid=23667267 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ya kamata a fara magungunan antiretroviral a lokacin da aka gano cutar kanjamau ta uwa kuma ya kamata a ci gaba da su har abada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British HIV Association guidelines for the management of HIV in pregnancy and postpartum 2018 |url=https://www.bhiva.org/file/5bfd30be95deb/BHIVA-guidelines-for-the-management-of-HIV-in-pregnancy.pdf |access-date=14 January 2021}}</ref> == Magani / Gudanarwa == === Kulawa kafin haihuwa === ==== Rigakafin yaduwar uwa zuwa yaro ==== Haɗarin watsa kwayar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa yaro yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da nauyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta plasma na uwa. Uwar da ba a kula da su ba tare da babban (HIV RNA mafi girma 100,000 kofe / ml) suna da haɗarin watsawa sama da 50%. Don haka, ana ba da shawarar ART a duk lokacin da ake ciki don matakan ƙwayar cuta ya kasance ƙasa kaɗan gwargwadon yiwuwar kuma haɗarin watsawa ya ragu.[3][4] Yin amfani da magungunan ART waɗanda ke ƙetare mahaifa yadda ya kamata kuma na iya aiki azaman rigakafin rigakafi ga jarirai, saboda suna iya cimma isassun matakan magungunan ART a cikin tayin don hana kamuwa da cututtukan hoto. A ƙarshe, ana ba da shawarar amfani da magungunan ART ga jariri bayan haihuwa don ci gaba da ba da kariya daga kwayar cutar da jaririn zai iya kamuwa da shi yayin haihuwa da haihuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Overview {{!}} General Principles Regarding Use of Antiretroviral Drugs during Pregnancy {{!}} Antepartum Care {{!}} Perinatal {{!}} ClinicalInfo |url=https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/overview?view=full |access-date=2021-01-25 |website=Clinical Info HIV gov |publisher=Office of AIDS Research (OAR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |archive-date=2021-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122192007/https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/overview?view=full |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Antiretroviral Management of Newborns with Perinatal HIV Exposure or HIV Infection {{!}} Management of Infants Born to Women with HIV Infection {{!}} Perinatal {{!}} ClinicalInfo |url=https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/antiretroviral-management-newborns-perinatal-hiv-exposure-or-hiv-infection?view=full |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122185741/https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/antiretroviral-management-newborns-perinatal-hiv-exposure-or-hiv-infection?view=full |archive-date=2021-01-22 |access-date=2021-01-25 |website=Clinical Info HIV gov |publisher=Office of AIDS Research (OAR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:Antiretroviral_Therapy_for_HIV_Infection_(27423001115).png|thumb|Magungunan antiretroviral na zamani]] Dukkanin mata masu juna biyu da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau ya kamata su fara kuma su ci gaba da maganin ART ba tare da la'akari da ƙididdigar CD4 ko nauyin kwayar cuta ba don rage haɗarin yaduwar kwayar cutaa.<ref name=":1"/> An fara ART na baya, mai yiwuwa za a dakatar da nauyin kwayar cuta ta lokacin isar da shi.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Townsend CL, Byrne L, Cortina-Borja M, Thorne C, de Ruiter A, Lyall H, Taylor GP, Peckham CS, Tookey PA |date=April 2014 |title=Earlier initiation of ART and further decline in mother-to-child HIV transmission rates, 2000-2011 |journal=AIDS |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=1049–57 |doi=10.1097/QAD.0000000000000212 |pmid=24566097 |s2cid=19123848 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wasu mata suna damuwa game da amfani da ART a farkon ciki, saboda jarirai sun fi kamuwa da guba a cikin watanni uku na farko. Koyaya, jinkirta farawa na ART na iya zama ƙasa da tasiri wajen rage yaduwar kamuwa da cuta.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hoffman RM, Black V, Technau K, van der Merwe KJ, Currier J, Coovadia A, Chersich M |date=May 2010 |title=Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy duration and regimen on risk for mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Johannesburg, South Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-acquired-immune-deficiency-syndromes_2010-05-01_54_1/page/35 |journal=Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=35–41 |doi=10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181cf9979 |pmc=2880466 |pmid=20216425}}</ref> Ana amfani da maganin antiretroviral mafi mahimmanci a lokuta masu zuwa a cikin ciki don rage haɗarin yaduwar cutar kanjamau daga uwa zuwa yaro: * ''A lokacin daukar ciki:'' mata masu juna biyu da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau suna karɓar tsarin baki na akalla magungunan rigakafin HIV daban-daban guda uku.<ref name="aidsinfo2012">{{Cite web |last=(HHS) Panel on Treatment of HIV-Infected Pregnant Women and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission, a working group of the ''Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council'' (OARAC) |title=HIV and Pregnancy |url=http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/perinatal_FS_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421024106/http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/perinatal_FS_en.pdf |archive-date=21 April 2015 |access-date=1 August 2015 |website=aidsinfo.nih.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services}}</ref> * A lokacin haihuwa da haihuwa: mata masu juna biyu da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau wadanda suka riga sun kasance a kan ART uku ya kamata su ci gaba da tsarin su na baki. Idan nauyin kwayar cutar su yana da yawa (HIV RNA sama da 1,000 / ml), ko kuma akwai tambaya game da ko an sha magunguna akai-akai, to ana ƙara zidovudine (AZT) a lokacin isar.<ref name="lvguidelines">{{Cite web |last=Panel on Treatment of HIV-Infected Pregnant Women and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission. |title=Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant HIV-1-Infected Women for Maternal Health and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States |url=http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/PerinatalGL.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515182851/http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/perinatalgl.pdf |archive-date=May 15, 2012 |access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> Mata masu juna biyu waɗanda ba su kasance a kan ART ba kafin haihuwa ko waɗanda suka kasance a kanART ƙasa da makonni huɗu ya kamata a ba su AZT na intravenous ko kashi ɗaya na nevirapin (sdNVP), tenofovir (TDF) da emtricitabine (FTC) da kuma kashi uku na AZT. Dangane da shawarwari na yanzu daga WHO, CDC da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka (DHHS), duk mutanen da ke fama da cutar kanjamau ya kamata su fara ART da zaran an gano su da cutar kansar HIV. Shawarwarin ya fi karfi a cikin yanayi masu zuwa: <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=When to Start Antiretroviral Therapy {{!}} HIV/AIDS Fact Sheets {{!}} Education Materials {{!}} AIDSinfo |url=https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/education-materials/fact-sheets/21/52/when-to-start-antiretroviral-therapy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117081051/http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/education-materials/fact-sheets/21/52/when-to-start-antiretroviral-therapy |archive-date=November 17, 2013 |access-date=2015-11-21 |website=AIDSinfo}}</ref> * CD4 ƙidaya ƙasa da ³ sel/mm3 * Babban nauyin kwayar cuta (HIV RNA sama da 100,000 kofe / ml) * Ci gaban kwayar cutar kanjamau zuwa cutar kanjamauyyar cuta * Ci gaban cututtukan da suka shafi cutar kanjamau * Ciki ==== Aiki da isar da shi ==== Ya kamata mata su ci gaba da ɗaukar tsarin ART a kan jadawalin kuma kamar yadda aka tsara a duk lokacin haihuwa da haihuwa. Nauyin kwayar cuta yana taimakawa wajen tantance wane yanayin haihuwa ya fi aminci ga uwa da jariri.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Intrapartum Care for Women with HIV {{!}} Perinatal {{!}} ClinicalInfo |url=https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/intrapartum-antiretroviral-therapyprophylaxis?view=full |access-date=2021-01-25 |website=Clinical Info HIV gov |publisher=Office of AIDS Research (OAR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |archive-date=2021-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122193243/https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/intrapartum-antiretroviral-therapyprophylaxis?view=full |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewar NIH, lokacin da mahaifiyar ke karɓar ART kuma nauyin kwayar cutar ta yi ƙasa (HIV RNA ƙasa da 1000 / ml) a lokacin haihuwa, haɗarin yaduwar kwayar cutar yayin haihuwa yana da ƙarancin gaske kuma ana iya yin haihuwa ta hanyar jima'i. Ya kamata a yi aikin cesarean ko shigar da aiki ne kawai a cikin wannan yawan marasa lafiya idan sun zama dole a hanyar kiwon lafiya saboda dalilan da ba su da alaƙa da HIV.<ref name=":8"/> Idan nauyin kwayar cutar uwa yana da yawa (HIV RNA sama da 1000 / ml) ko kuma idan ba a san nauyin kwayar cuta ta HIV ba a lokacin haihuwa (fiye da makonni 34 na ciki), ya dace a tsara haihuwar kwayar cutar a makonni 38 don rage haɗarin yaduwar kwayar cutar kanjamau yayin haihuwa. A cikin waɗannan yanayi, wannan shine jagorar gudanarwa mai dacewa ba tare da la'akari da ko mahaifiyar ta ɗauki ART kafin haihuwa ba.<ref name=":8"/> Wani lokaci, mata da ke da babban nauyin kwayar cuta waɗanda ya kamata su karɓi isarwar caesarean za su gabatar da asibiti lokacin da ruwan su ya ragu ko kuma suna cikin haihuwa, kuma gudanarwa ga waɗannan marasa lafiya takamaiman ne ga kowane mai haƙuri kuma za a ƙayyade shi a lokacin gabatarwar, kamar yadda isarwar ta caesare ba za ta iya rage haɗarin yaduwar kamuwa da cuta ba.<ref name=":8"/> NIH ta ba da shawarar cewa masu ba da kiwon lafiya a Amurka su tuntubi Cibiyar Ba da Shawara ta HIV / AIDS ta Kasa a 1-888-448-8765 don ƙarin shawarwari a cikin waɗannan yanayi.<ref name=":8" /> Dukkanin matan da suka halarci asibiti a cikin haihuwa da kuma matsayin su na cutar kanjamau ba a sani ba ko kuma suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kanjamaun HIV amma ba su sami maimaita gwajin uku ba ya kamata a gwada su don cutar kanjamawa ta amfani da gwajin rigakafin HIV / maganin rigakafin jiki.<ref name=":8"/> Idan saurin tantancewa yana da kyau, ya kamata a fara zidovudine na intravenous (IV) a cikin uwa nan da nan kuma ya kamata a ci gaba da gwajin tabbatarwa.<ref name=":8" /> IV Zidovudine magani ne na antiretroviral wanda ya kamata a ba mata a ko kusa da lokacin haihuwa a cikin yanayi masu zuwa: <ref name=":8"/> * Babban nauyin kwayar cuta (HIV RNA mafi girma fiye da 1000 kofe / ml) * Rashin kwayar cuta da ba a sani ba * Tsoron asibiti don rashin bin doka da tsarin ART na haihuwa * Gwajin rigakafin HIV mai saurin kamuwa da cuta a lokacin haihuwa ko kafin a shirya zubar da shi Gudanar da IV Zidovudine za a iya la'akari da shi a kan shari'a-da- shari'a ga mata waɗanda ke da matsakaicin nauyin kwayar cuta (HIV RNA mafi girma ko daidai da 50 / ''da kuma'' ƙasa da 1000 / ml) kusa da lokacin isar. IV Zidovudine ba a gudanar da shi ba ne kawai idan mata dukansu sun dace da tsarin ART da aka tsara a duk lokacin daukar ciki kuma sun ci gaba da karamin nauyin kwayar cuta kusa da lokacin haihuwa (HIV RNA kasa da 50 kofe / ml tsakanin makonni 34 zuwa 36 na ciki). Ƙarin la'akari don sarrafa mata masu dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau yayin haihuwa sun haɗa da shawarwari masu zuwa don rage haɗarin yaduwar kwayar cutar: <ref name=":8"/> ==== Rigakafin rigakafi ==== Dukkanin mata masu juna biyu ya kamata su karɓi [[Alluran rigakafi|Allurar rigakafi]] mura da allurar rigakawa ta TdaP, wanda ke rufe tetanus, diphtheria, da pertussis (wanda ke tari) a cikin watanni uku na farko, ba tare da la'akari da matsayin su na HIV ba. Idan mace mai ciki ta kamu da cutar kanjamau, ya kamata a ba ta allurar rigakafin pneumococcal, allurar rigakawa ta meningococcal.<ref name=":2" /> Allurar rigakafi tana da mahimmanci don hana mummunar rikitarwa da ke tattare da cututtukan da aka ambata a sama, waɗanda marasa lafiya da ke fama da kwayar cutar kanjamau suke cikin haɗarin kamuwa.<ref name=":2" /> Mata masu juna biyu bai kamata su sami allurar rigakafi ba, gami da allurar rigar cutar Human papilloma (HPV), allurar rigafin kyanda da rubella (MMR), allurar allurar rig rigakafin mura mai rai, da allurar allura ta varicella (Chicken pox) ba tare da la'akari da matsayin cutar kanjamau ba, saboda waɗannan allurar rigakanin na iya cutar da tayin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2020 |title=Vaccine Safety: Vaccines During Pregnancy FAQs |url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/vaccines-during-pregnancy.html#Not |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Ana ba da shawarar gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa ga matan da aka gano suna da cutar kanjamau kafin ko a lokacin daukar ciki: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Monitoring of the Woman and Fetus During Pregnancy {{!}} Antepartum Care {{!}} Perinatal {{!}} ClinicalInfo |url=https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/monitoring-woman-and-fetus-during-pregnancy?view=full |access-date=2021-01-25 |website=Clinical Info HIV gov |publisher=Office of AIDS Research (OAR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |archive-date=2021-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122195040/https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/monitoring-woman-and-fetus-during-pregnancy?view=full |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Magungunan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta === Makasudin gudanar da maganin cutar kanjamau a lokacin daukar ciki shi ne rage hadarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau daga uwa zuwa ’ya’ya, da rage saurin kamuwa da cutar mata masu juna biyu, da kuma rage hadarin kamuwa da kamuwa da mace-macen mata masu juna biyu. Yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi magungunan da ke da lafiya kamar yadda zai yiwu ga uwa da tayin, kuma suna da tasiri wajen rage yawan nauyin ƙwayar cuta. Wasu magungunan antiretroviral suna ɗauke da haɗarin guba ga tayin. Duk da haka, gabaɗayan fa'idodin tsarin tsarin ART mai inganci ya fi haɗarin haɗari kuma ana ƙarfafa dukan mata su yi amfani da ART na tsawon lokacin da suke ciki.] Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ƙungiyoyin da ke tsakanin lahani na haihuwa da magungunan antiretroviral suna ruɗar da abubuwa masu mahimmanci waɗanda zasu iya ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan rikice-rikice, misali: fallasa ga masu adawa da folate, yanayin abinci mai gina jiki da folate, da kuma amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi yayin amfani da barasa. Tsarin ART da aka ba da shawarar ga mata masu juna biyu masu dauke da kwayar cutar HIV yayi kama da na yawan jama'a. A cikin Amurka, tsarin ART da aka fi so shine tsarin magani uku wanda magunguna biyu na farko sune NRTIs kuma na uku ko dai mai hana protease ne, mai hana integrase, ko NNRTI.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Panel on Treatment of Pregnant Women with HIV Infection and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission. Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Transmission in the United States. |url=https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/sites/default/files/guidelines/documents/Perinatal_GL_2020.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125144008/https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/sites/default/files/guidelines/documents/Perinatal_GL_2020.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref> * Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) ana ɗaukar su "ƙashin baya" na ART kuma 2 daga cikin waɗannan magunguna ana amfani da su a hade. Saboda sanannun bayanan tsaro da kuma amfani mai yawa a cikin marasa lafiya masu juna biyu, zidovudine-lamivudine shine zaɓi da aka fi so a matsayin kashin baya na NRTI. Zidovudine na iya kara tabarbarewar anemia don haka ana ba da shawarar marasa lafiya su yi amfani da madadin wakili. Ga matan da suka kamu da cutar hepatitis B, tenofovir tare da ko dai emtricitabine ko lamivudine shine mafi kyawun kashin baya na NRTI.[1] Amfani da NRTI na iya haifar da rikice-rikice mai haɗari da ake kira lactic acidosis a wasu mata, don haka yana da mahimmanci a saka idanu kan marasa lafiya don wannan matsala. Mutuwa daga lactic acidosis da gazawar hanta an danganta su da takamaiman NRTIs guda biyu, stavudine da didanosine. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a guje wa haɗuwa da waɗannan magunguna a cikin ciki.[2] ==== Maganin rigakafi (PrEP) ==== [[Fayil:Gilead_Truvada_for_HIV_PrEP_-_Blue_Pills_(48610083847).jpg|thumb]] Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) ya kamata a ba da shi a cikin nau'i na tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / emtricitabine (TDF / FTC) ga marasa lafiya da ke cikin hadarin samun kwayar cutar HIV kuma suna ƙoƙarin yin ciki, masu ciki, waɗanda suke bayan haihuwa / shayarwa. Mutanen da ake ganin suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau su ne waɗanda ke shiga cikin rashin kwaroron roba tare da abokin tarayya mai ɗauke da cutar HIV, marasa lafiya waɗanda aka gano suna ɗauke da cutar ta jima'i (STI) kwanan nan, da marasa lafiya waɗanda ke yin amfani da maganin allura. PrEP musamman zaɓi ne idan abokin tarayya mai cutar HIV ya dogara da ART kuma yana da nauyin hoto mai hoto wanda ba a iya gano shi ba. PrEP na iya rage haɗarin samun uwa da tayin HIV. Ya kamata a shawarci majinyatan da ke shan PrEP akan mahimmancin bin tsauraran magunguna da kuma gwada cutar kanjamau kowane wata uku kuma su san alamun kamuwa da cutar HIV mai tsanani idan an sami kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar hoto..<ref name=":21"/> === Kulawa bayan haihuwa === ==== Kula da jarirai da Biyewa ==== Dukkanin jarirai da aka fallasa su da cutar kanjamau ''a cikin mahaifa'' ya kamata su karɓi magungunan antiretroviral bayan haihuwa a cikin sa'o'i 6 na haihuwa, kuma ya kamata allurar su ta dogara da shekarun jaririn. Ya kamata jarirai da aka haifa da wuri su karɓi zidovudine, lamivudine, da / ko nevirapine bisa ga gwajin guba.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |title=Antiretroviral Management of Newborns with Perinatal HIV Exposure or HIV Infection {{!}} Pediatric ARV {{!}} ClinicalInfo |url=https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/pediatric-arv/antiretroviral-management-newborns-perinatal-hiv-exposure-or-hiv-infection |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127081445/https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/pediatric-arv/antiretroviral-management-newborns-perinatal-hiv-exposure-or-hiv-infection |archive-date=2021-01-27 |access-date=2021-01-28 |website=Clinical Info HIV gov |publisher=Office of AIDS Research (OAR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |language=en}}</ref> Jarirai da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau a cikin mahaifa da kuma waɗanda uwayensu ke kan ART kafin da lokacin daukar ciki kuma an sami nasarar hana kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar haihuwa yakamata a yi amfani da zidovudine na tsawon makonni 4 don ci gaba da hana kamuwa da cutar HIV bayan haihuwa. Idan mace mai ciki ta gabatar da nakuda tare da matsayin kwayar cutar HIV da ba a sani ba da ingantaccen sakamakon gwajin HIV ko kuma jariri yana da babban haɗari na watsa kwayar cutar HIV a cikin mahaifa (alal misali, mahaifiyar ba ta shan magungunan antiretroviral a lokacin daukar ciki ko a lokacin daukar ciki, mahaifiyar ba ta sami maganin kwayar cutar ba, ko mahaifiyar ta sami mummunar kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV a lokacin daukar ciki ko yayin shayarwa), jariri ya kamata a fara maganin rigakafi har sai lokacin da aka yi ciki ko lokacin shayarwa. akwai sakamakon gwajin jarirai. Idan jaririn yana da shaidar kamuwa da cutar HIV bayan haihuwa, ya kamata a fara su akan ART 3-maganin magani a allurai na jiyya waɗanda za a ci gaba har abada..<ref name=":18"/> Sauran gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci ga jarirai sun haɗa da cikakken adadin jini a lokacin haihuwa don ƙayyade tushen lambobi na jinin jariri. Sa'an nan kuma a bi jariri tare da kulawar dakin gwaje-gwaje da ya dace dangane da shekarun haihuwa da yanayin asibiti, da kuma tsarin magungunan tayi da na mahaifa. Muhimman abubuwan da ake lura da su na hematologic sun haɗa da anemia da neutropenia. Idan ɗayan waɗannan matsalolin sun faru, jaririn na iya buƙatar dakatar da tsarin ART a ƙarƙashin kulawar likita. Yaran da suka kamu da cutar kanjamau a cikin mahaifa ya kamata kuma a ba su magungunan rigakafin cutar pneumocystis jirovecii ciwon huhu tsakanin makonni 4-6 da haihuwa bayan kammala aikinsu na makonni 4 na maganin rigakafin cutar HIV, saboda wannan cuta ce mai haɗari ga rayuwa.. <ref name=":19">{{Cite web |title=Initial Postnatal Management of the Neonate Exposed to HIV {{!}} Management of Infants Born to Women with HIV Infection {{!}} Perinatal {{!}} ClinicalInfo |url=https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/initial-postnatal-management-neonate-exposed-hiv?view=full |access-date=2021-01-28 |website=Clinical Info HIV gov |publisher=Office of AIDS Research (OAR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |archive-date=2021-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122194447/https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/initial-postnatal-management-neonate-exposed-hiv?view=full |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kodayake haɗarin yana da ƙarancin gaske, ana iya yaduwar kwayar cutar kanjamau ga jariri ta hanyar abincin da mahaifiyar ko mai kula da cutar kanjamaun kwayar cutar ta ta cinye a baya. Don zama lafiya, bai kamata a ciyar da jarirai da aka riga aka cinye ba.<ref name=":19"/> ==== Yin shayarwa ==== Duk da yake bin iyaye mata da ART yana rage damar yaduwar kwayar cutar kanjamau ga jariri, har yanzu akwai haɗarin yaduwar cutar ta hanyar madara. Bugu da ƙari, akwai damuwa cewa magungunan antiretroviral na uwa na iya shiga cikin madara kuma ya haifar da matsalolin guba a cikin jariri ko juriya ta gaba. Saboda wadannan dalilai, NIH, CDC, da AAP kowannensu yana hanawa [[shayarwa]] tsakanin mata masu dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau a Amurka da sauran kasashe masu tasowa saboda akwai hanyoyin ciyarwa masu aminci, masu araha da ruwan sha mai tsabta.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |title=Postpartum Follow-Up of Women with HIV {{!}} Perinatal {{!}} ClinicalInfo |url=https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/postpartum-follow-women-living-hiv-infection?view=full |access-date=2021-01-28 |website=Clinical Info HIV gov |publisher=Office of AIDS Research (OAR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |archive-date=2021-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122182313/https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/postpartum-follow-women-living-hiv-infection?view=full |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Committee on Pediatric AIDS |date=February 2013 |title=Infant feeding and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in the United States |journal=Pediatrics |volume=131 |issue=2 |pages=391–6 |doi=10.1542/peds.2012-3543 |pmid=23359577 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2020 |title=Breastfeeding: HIV |url=https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/maternal-or-infant-illnesses/hiv.html |access-date=January 28, 2021 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> A zahiri, ACOG ta lissafa kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau ta uwa a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan kalilan da ke hana shayarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Optimizing Support for Breastfeeding as Part of Obstetric Practice |url=https://www.acog.org/en/Clinical/Clinical%20Guidance/Committee%20Opinion/Articles/2018/10/Optimizing%20Support%20for%20Breastfeeding%20as%20Part%20of%20Obstetric%20Practice |access-date=2021-01-28 |website=www.acog.org |language=en}}</ref> Duk da wadannan shawarwari, wasu mata a kasashen da suka ci gaba sun zabi shayar da jarirai.  A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci iyaye mata su bi tsarin tsarin ART kuma an shawarce su cewa ana ba wa jarirai magungunan rigakafi don rigakafin yiwuwar kamuwa da kwayar cutar hoto na akalla makonni 6.  Musamman ma, lokacin da iyaye mata ba su bi ka'idodin ART ba, akwai haɗarin 15-20% na jarirai na HIV daga shayarwa fiye da shekaru 2.  Yakamata a rika gwada jarirai da uwaye a kai a kai a duk tsawon lokacin shayarwa don tabbatar da kashe kwayar cutar da ta dace da rashin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau.  Ya kamata a yi sa ido kan uwaye tare da tantance nauyin kwayar cutar kanjamau, kuma a yi gwajin jarirai tare da gwajin kwayar cutar HIV..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Counseling and Managing Women Living with HIV in the United States Who Desire to Breastfeed {{!}} Perinatal {{!}} ClinicalInfo |url=https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/counseling-and-managing-women-living-hiv-united-states-who-desire-breastfeed?view=full |access-date=2021-01-28 |website=Clinical Info HIV gov |publisher=Office of AIDS Research (OAR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |archive-date=2021-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202030603/https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/counseling-and-managing-women-living-hiv-united-states-who-desire-breastfeed?view=full |url-status=dead }}</ref> WHO ta ce a cikin kasashe masu tasowa, yanke shawara game da ko uwaye sun shayar da jariransu dole ne su yi la'akari da haɗarin hana kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a cikin jariri game da karuwar haɗarin mutuwa daga [[rashin abinci mai gina jiki]], zawo, da kuma mummunar kamuwa da cutar da ba ta da HIV idan ba a shayar da Jariri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Health Organization. Breastfeeding and HIV. |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/279781/WHO-NMH-NHD-18.14-eng.pdf?ua=1 |access-date=14 January 2021}}</ref> A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, ruwa mai tsabta da tsari ba su da sauƙin samuwa, saboda haka, sau da yawa ana ƙarfafa shayarwa don samar da yara da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki saboda amfanin abinci mai gina ciki ya wuce haɗarin yaduwar kwayar cutar kanjamau. Shawarwarin Kwayar cutar kanjamau da jarirai na WHO na 2010 sun yi niyyar kara yawan rayuwar HIV da rage haɗarin da ba na HIV ba a cikin jarirai da uwaye, kuma sun haɗa da waɗannan: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Organization |first=World Health |date=2012 |title=HIV and Infant Feeding 2010: An Updated Framework for Priority Action |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/75152/FWC_MCA_12.1_eng.pdf |access-date=January 28, 2021 |publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> * Hukumomin kiwon lafiya na kasa a kowace ƙasa ya kamata su ba da shawarar ɗaya, takamaiman, aikin ciyar da jarirai na duniya ga uwaye da ke fama da cutar kanjamau, saboda uwaye za su buƙaci shawarwari yayin ciyar da jariransu kuma wannan ya fi ingantawa lokacin da hukumomin ƙasa suka haɗa kai a cikin jagorancin da suke gudanarwa. Zaɓuɓɓukan don ciyarwa sun haɗa da shayarwa yayin karɓar magungunan antiretroviral ko guje wa duk shayarwa. * Lokacin da hukumomin kiwon lafiya na kasa suka zaɓi aikin ciyarwa da suke da niyyar ingantawa da kuma tantance yadda za a aiwatar da shi, ya kamata suyi la'akari da yaduwar cutar kanjamau, yawan mutuwar jarirai da yara saboda abubuwan da ba na HIV ba, ciyar da jarirai da kananan yara na yanzu, matsayin abinci mai gina jiki na yara, ingancin ruwa, albarkatun tsabta, da ingancin ayyukan kiwon lafiya. * matan da suka shayar da nono yayin karbar ART ya kamata su shayar da jariransu na tsawon watanni 6 sannan su ci gaba da shayar da su har sai jariri ya kai watanni 12. An ba su shawara su daina shayarwa a watanni 6, duk da haka, an canza wannan shawarar don inganta sakamakon abinci mai gina jiki na dogon lokaci. * Ya kamata a guje wa ciyar da jariri da madara don rage haɗarin yaduwar kwayar cutar kanjamau da guje wa zawo da rashin abinci mai gina jiki. * "An tabbatar da ruwa mai aminci da tsabta a matakin gida da kuma cikin al'umma; da kuma * uwa ko wani mai kula na iya samar da isasshen madara na jariri don tallafawa ci gaban jariri na yau da kullun; da * uwa ko mai kula na iya shirya shi da tsabta kuma akai-akai don ya kasance lafiya kuma yana da ƙananan haɗarin zawo da rashin abinci mai gina jiki; da * uwa ko mai kula na iya ba jariri madara a cikin watanni shida na farko; kuma * Iyalin suna goyon bayan wannan aikin; kuma * uwa ko mai kula na iya samun damar kula da lafiya wanda ke ba da cikakkun sabis na kiwon lafiya na yara. " == Tasirin Jama'a == === Nuna bambanci === An yi amfani da kwayar halitta a cikin ƙoƙari na iyakance yaduwar uwa zuwa yaro a Afirka, Asiya, da Latin Amurka. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 2012 |title=Positive and pregnant — how dare you: a study on access to reproductive and maternal health care for women living with HIV in Asia: by Women of the Asia Pacific Network of People Living with HIV, March 2012 |journal=Reproductive Health Matters |volume=20 |issue=sup39 |pages=110–8 |doi=10.1016/S0968-8080(12)39646-8 |issn=0968-8080 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Roseman MJ, Ahmed A, Gatsi-Mallet J |date=2012 |title='At the Hospital There are No Human Rights': Reproductive and Sexual Rights Violations of Women Living with HIV in Namibia |url=http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2220800 |journal=SSRN Working Paper Series |doi=10.2139/ssrn.2220800 |issn=1556-5068 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kendall T, Albert C |date=January 2015 |title=Experiences of coercion to sterilize and forced sterilization among women living with HIV in Latin America |journal=Journal of the International AIDS Society |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=19462 |doi=10.7448/IAS.18.1.19462 |pmc=4374084 |pmid=25808633}}</ref> Ana tilasta mata su yi wa haihuwa ba tare da sanin su ba ko yardarsu, kuma ana amfani da bayanan da ba daidai ba don tilasta musu su yarda da hanyar. An tilasta wa mata masu dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau a duniya a matsayin keta haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2019 |title=Forced sterilisation as a human rights violation: recent developments |url=https://ijrcenter.org/2019/03/21/forced-sterilization-as-a-human-rights-violation-recent-developments/ |access-date=2019-12-02 |website=ijrcenter.org |archive-date=2019-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119195400/https://ijrcenter.org/2019/03/21/forced-sterilization-as-a-human-rights-violation-recent-developments/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tallafin shari'a game da wannan aikin ya faru a wasu ƙasashe. A Namibia, mata uku masu dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau ne suka kawo karar a kan gwamnati wadanda suka yi iƙirarin cewa an tilasta musu yayin aiki don sanya hannu kan takardun izini wanda ya ba asibitin izinin yin kwayar cuta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2014 |title=Government of the Republic of Namibia v LM and Others (SA 49/2012) [2014] NASC 19 (03 November 2014); {{!}} Namibia Legal Information Institute |url=https://namiblii.org/na/judgment/supreme-court/2014/19 |access-date=2019-12-02 |website=namiblii.org |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801161058/https://namiblii.org/na/judgment/supreme-court/2014/19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shari'ar LM & Others v Gwamnatin Namibia ita ce ta farko a irin ta a yankin Saharar Afirka don magance tilasta wa mata masu dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau. Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa an yi wa wadannan mata kaciya ba tare da yardarsu ba amma sun kasa gano cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda matsayinsu na cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-30 |title=Namibia Women Coerced into Being Sterilised |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/judge-rules-namibia-women-coerced-being-sterilised-368349 |access-date=2019-12-02 |website=International Business Times UK}}</ref> Wani shari'ar 2010 a [[Chile]] sun kuma nemi alhakin gwamnati don keta haƙƙin jima'i da haihuwa na mata da ke fama da cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2010 |title=Harvard Human Rights Law Journal — Litigating against the Forced Sterilization of HIV-Positive Women: Recent Developments in Chile and Namibia. 2010. |url=https://harvardhrj.com/2010/10/litigating-against-the-forced-sterilization-of-hiv-positive-women-recent-developments-in-chile-and-namibia/ |url-status=dead |journal=Harvard Human Rights Journal |location=Namibia |doi=10.1163/2210-7975_HRD-9944-0037 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206173957/https://harvardhrj.com/2010/10/litigating-against-the-forced-sterilization-of-hiv-positive-women-recent-developments-in-chile-and-namibia/ |archive-date=2022-02-06 |access-date=2019-12-02 |via=BRILL}}</ref> === Stigma === Za'a iya bayyana alamar cutar kanjamau a matsayin rage darajar, rashin kulawa, da iyakance damar saboda matsayin cutar kanjamaun daji ko haɗin kai da cutar kanjamawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stackpool-Moore |first=Lucy |last2=Logie |first2=Carmen H. |last3=Cloete |first3=Allanise |last4=Reygan |first4=Finn |date=July 2022 |title=What will it take to get to the heart of stigma in the context of HIV? |journal=Journal of the International AIDS Society |language=en |volume=25 |issue=S1 |pages=e25934 |doi=10.1002/jia2.25934 |issn=1758-2652 |pmc=9274335 |pmid=35818934}}</ref> Mutane da yawa da ke fama da cutar kanjamau suna fuskantar kunya; duk da haka, wannan kunya na iya ƙaruwa idan wannan mutumin yana da ciki.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ion |first=Allyson |last2=Wagner |first2=Anne C. |last3=Greene |first3=Saara |last4=Loutfy |first4=Mona R. |last5=for the HIV Mothering Study Team |date=February 2017 |title=HIV-related stigma in pregnancy and early postpartum of mothers living with HIV in Ontario, Canada |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540121.2016.1211608 |journal=AIDS Care |language=en |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=137–144 |doi=10.1080/09540121.2016.1211608 |issn=0954-0121 |pmid=27449254 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Sauran asalin da ke haɗuwa na iya ƙara matakin zargi da wasu asalin ke fuskanta, wannan ya haɗa da mata baƙi da waɗanda ke cikin LGBTQ + Community.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher |first=Faith |last2=Ingram |first2=Lucy Annang |last3=Kerr |first3=Jelani |last4=Buchberg |first4=Meredith |last5=Bogdan-Lovis |first5=Libby |last6=Philpott-Jones |first6=Sean |date=July 2016 |title="She Told Them, Oh That Bitch Got AIDS": Experiences of Multilevel HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma Among African American Women Living with HIV/AIDS in the South |journal=AIDS Patient Care and STDs |language=en |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=349–356 |doi=10.1089/apc.2016.0026 |issn=1087-2914 |pmc=4948216 |pmid=27410498}}</ref> Stigma na iya ɗaukar siffofi da yawa, ko ta hanyar hulɗar zamantakewa, shingen tsarin, ko halayen ciki. Nau'o'i daban-daban na zargi na iya hulɗa da tasiri ga juna a rayuwar mutum. An danganta zargi na cutar kanjamau da yawan baƙin ciki, damuwa, da warewar jama'a.<ref name=":0" /> Wani sakamako na zargi shine ƙananan ci gaba ko fara magani, wanda zai iya tasiri ba kawai ga lafiyar mai ciki ba har ma da lafiyar tayin.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Turan |first=Janet M. |last2=Nyblade |first2=Laura |date=September 2013 |title=HIV-related Stigma as a Barrier to Achievement of Global PMTCT and Maternal Health Goals: A Review of the Evidence |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10461-013-0446-8 |journal=AIDS and Behavior |language=en |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=2528–2539 |doi=10.1007/s10461-013-0446-8 |issn=1090-7165 |pmid=23474643 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ==== An kafa Stigma ==== ==== Rashin amincewa da aka yi tsammani ==== Za'a iya bayyana zargi da ake tsammani a matsayin tsammanin cewa mutum zai fuskanci zargi daga wasu a nan gaba saboda yanayin cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zeng |first=Chengbo |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoming |author-link2=Xiaoming Li |last3=Qiao |first3=Shan |last4=Yang |first4=Xueying |last5=Shen |first5=Zhiyong |last6=Zhou |first6=Yuejiao |date=2020-08-02 |title=Anticipated stigma and medication adherence among people living with HIV: the mechanistic roles of medication support and ART self-efficacy |journal=AIDS Care |language=en |volume=32 |issue=8 |pages=1014–1022 |doi=10.1080/09540121.2020.1728213 |issn=0954-0121 |pmc=7368809 |pmid=32336130}}</ref> Tsoron da aka saba da shi game da mutanen da ke da juna biyu da ke fama da cutar kanjamau shine asarar haɗin zamantakewa, ko warewa ne daga iyali, wasu masu mahimmanci suna barin su, ko asarar abokai.<ref name=":42">{{Cite journal |last=Turan |first=Janet M. |last2=Bukusi |first2=Elizabeth A. |last3=Onono |first3=Maricianah |last4=Holzemer |first4=William L. |last5=Miller |first5=Suellen |last6=Cohen |first6=Craig R. |date=August 2011 |title=HIV/AIDS Stigma and Refusal of HIV Testing Among Pregnant Women in Rural Kenya: Results from the MAMAS Study |journal=AIDS and Behavior |language=en |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=1111–1120 |doi=10.1007/s10461-010-9798-5 |issn=1090-7165 |pmc=3127002 |pmid=20827573}}</ref> Wadannan tsoro na iya haifar da kin bayyana matsayinsu na cutar kanjamau. Wannan nau'in zargi na iya tasiri ga waɗanda ba a san su ba. Misali, mutanen da ke cikin ciki waɗanda ke tsammanin zargi bisa ga yanayin cutar kanjamau na iya ƙin gwajin cutar kanjamaun daji saboda tasirin da sakamakon zai iya yi a rayuwarsu idan sun sami cutar kanjamawa.<ref name=":42" /> Wannan nau'in zargi na iya yin tasiri sosai ga ciki saboda yana iya haifar da wasu kada su nemi kulawar likita, kamar guje wa wuraren kiwon lafiya yayin haihuwa saboda tsoron fuskantar zargi.<ref name=":12"/> ==== Stigma na ciki ==== Internalised ko self-stigma ya samo asali ne daga cikialisation na mummunar imani da halaye game da tabbataccen matsayin HIV.<ref name=":23">{{Cite journal |last=Stevens |first=Marianne E. |last2=Parsons |first2=Janet A. |last3=Read |first3=Stanley E. |last4=Nixon |first4=Stephanie A. |date=2019-01-16 |title=The conceptualization of stigma within a rehabilitation framework using HIV as an example |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09638288.2017.1385099 |journal=Disability and Rehabilitation |language=en |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=235–243 |doi=10.1080/09638288.2017.1385099 |issn=0963-8288 |pmid=28978242 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kamar abin kunya da ake tsammani, abin kunya da aka yi a ciki sau da yawa ya fito ne daga abubuwan da suka gabata ko sanin abin kunya da mutum zai iya shiga ciki kuma ya yi imani da kansa gaskiya ne. Wannan shiga ciki na iya haifar da rashin son raba ko dai matsayin su na HIV ko wasu bayanai game da matsayinsu. Wannan jinkirin na iya zama saboda dalilai da yawa ciki har da ikon ƙin matsayinsu da kansu, amma kuma ba sa son jin kamar dai suna da nauyi ga wasu.<ref name=":52">{{Cite journal |last=Weglarz |first=Anya |last2=Hanson |first2=Olivia |date=2024-07-30 |title=Internalized HIV Stigma Among Women Giving Birth in Tanzania: A Mixed-Methods Study |url=https://uen.pressbooks.pub/range25i1/chapter/weglarz/ |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya kara iyakance tsarin tallafin zamantakewar su. Mutanen da ke cikin ciki da ke fama da cutar kanjamau waɗanda ke fuskantar ƙyama a ciki suma suna da ƙarancin bin magani, wannan na iya zama saboda ƙin yarda game da matsayinsu ko kunya da suke ji game da matsayinsa yana hana su fara ko ci gaba da magani.<ref name=":52" /> === Bayani game da kiwon lafiya === Mata masu juna biyu da ke fama da cutar kanjamau har yanzu suna karɓar Allurar rigakafin mura mai saurin aiki da allurar riguna ta tetanus, diphtheria, da pertussis (Tdap) yayin daukar ciki.<ref name="MadhiCutland2014">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Madhi SA, Cutland CL, Kuwanda L, Weinberg A, Hugo A, Jones S, Adrian PV, van Niekerk N, Treurnicht F, Ortiz JR, Venter M, Violari A, Neuzil KM, Simões EA, Klugman KP, Nunes MC |date=September 2014 |title=Influenza vaccination of pregnant women and protection of their infants |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2014-09-04_371_10/page/918 |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |volume=371 |issue=10 |pages=918–31 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1401480 |pmid=25184864 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Yawancin marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da cutar kanjamau suna da wasu cututtukan kiwon lafiya da aka sani da cututtukani. Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, tarin fuka da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi wasu daga cikin cututtukan da suka fi dacewa da cutar HIV. Mata da ke dauke da cutar kanjamau ya kamata a gwada su don waɗannan yanayi don a iya kula da su yadda ya kamata ko sarrafa su yayin daukar ciki. Cutar na iya haifar da mummunar mummunar tasiri ga uwa da yaro yayin daukar ciki, don haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a gano su da wuri yayin daukar ciki.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Solomon SS, Hawcroft CS, Narasimhan P, Subbaraman R, Srikrishnan AK, Cecelia AJ, Suresh Kumar M, Solomon S, Gallant JE, Celentano DD |date=May 2008 |title=Comorbidities among HIV-infected injection drug users in Chennai, India |journal=The Indian Journal of Medical Research |volume=127 |issue=5 |pages=447–52 |pmc=5638642 |pmid=18653907}}</ref> === Bambancin kiwon lafiya === Akwai bambance-bambance da aka rubuta game da wanda cutar HIV / AIDS ta shafa yayin daukar ciki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |date=February 2006 |title=Racial/ethnic disparities in diagnoses of HIV/AIDS—33 states, 2001–2004 |journal=MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=121–5 |pmid=16467777}}<br /><br />{{Cite journal |date=2006-04-05 |title=Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Diagnoses of HIV/AIDS—33 States, 2001–2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_2006-04-05_295_13/page/n35 |journal=JAMA |volume=295 |issue=13 |pages=1508 |doi=10.1001/jama.295.13.1508 |issn=0098-7484 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Salihu HM, Stanley KM, Mbah AK, August EM, Alio AP, Marty PJ |date=November 2010 |title=Disparities in rates and trends of HIV/AIDS during pregnancy across the decade, 1998-2007 |journal=Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=391–6 |doi=10.1097/qai.0b013e3181f0cccf |pmid=20729744 |s2cid=34024641 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Misali, binciken haihuwar [[Florida]] daga 1998 zuwa 2007 ya nuna iyayen da aka gano a matsayin Hispanic ko Black a cikin bayanan kiwon lafiya sun fi samun kwayar cutar kanjamau a lokacin daukar ciki.<ref name=":5" /> Kodayake ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike, talauci babban rashin daidaito ne na tsarin da zai iya haifar da waɗannan bambance-bambance a cikin ƙimar cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Krawczyk CS, Funkhouser E, Kilby JM, Vermund SH |date=2009 |title=Delayed access to HIV diagnosis and care: Special concerns for the Southern United States |journal=AIDS Care |volume=18 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S35-44 |doi=10.1080/09540120600839280 |pmc=2763374 |pmid=16938673}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Enriquez M, Farnan R, Simpson K, Grantello S, Miles MS |date=2007 |title=Pregnancy, Poverty, and HIV |journal=The Journal for Nurse Practitioners |volume=3 |issue=10 |pages=687–693 |doi=10.1016/j.nurpra.2007.08.015 |issn=1555-4155}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Krueger LE, Wood RW, Diehr PH, Maxwell CL |date=August 1990 |title=Poverty and HIV seropositivity: the poor are more likely to be infected |journal=AIDS |volume=4 |issue=8 |pages=811–4 |doi=10.1097/00002030-199008000-00015 |pmid=2261136}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, akwai manyan bambance-bambance a cikin samun damar maganin antiretroviral, magunguna masu mahimmanci don hana yaduwar cutar kanjamau daga iyaye zuwa yaro.<ref name="Zhang_2013">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zhang S, Senteio C, Felizzola J, Rust G |date=December 2013 |title=Racial/ethnic disparities in antiretroviral treatment among HIV-infected pregnant Medicaid enrollees, 2005-2007 |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=103 |issue=12 |pages=e46-53 |doi=10.2105/ajph.2013.301328 |pmc=3828964 |pmid=24134365}}</ref> Rashin karɓar maganin antiretroviral yana da alaƙa da ƙuntataccen cancantar Medicaid.<ref name="Zhang_2013" /> Wannan bayanan ya nuna cewa ingantaccen inshora don ganowa, tantancewa, da kuma kula da masu juna biyu tare da cutar kanjamau zai taimaka wajen kara samun damar samun magunguna masu mahimmanci da rage yaduwar cutar kanjamawa daga iyaye zuwa yaro.<ref name="Zhang_2013" /> == Ƙungiyoyin tallafi == Bateganya et al. sun yi nazarin tasirin kungiyoyin tallafi ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar kanjamau kuma sun gano cewa 18/20 (90%) na takardun da aka sake dubawa sun nuna kungiyoyin tallafin suna da sakamako mai kyau.<ref name=":24">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bateganya MH, Amanyeiwe U, Roxo U, Dong M |date=April 2015 |title=Impact of support groups for people living with HIV on clinical outcomes: a systematic review of the literature |journal=Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes |volume=68 |issue=Supplement 3 |pages=S368-74 |doi=10.1097/qai.0000000000000519 |pmc=4709521 |pmid=25768876}}</ref> Bincike ya nuna cewa kungiyoyin tallafi suna rage cututtuka (suna da cuta ko alamun cuta), rage mutuwa (mai yiwuwa na mutuwa), kara ingancin rayuwa, da kara amfani da kiwon lafiya.<ref name=":24" /> Har ila yau, akwai bincike da ke nuna cewa kungiyoyin tallafi, a cikin gajeren lokaci, suna da tasiri mai kyau ga mata masu juna biyu da ke fama da cutar kanjamau.<ref name=":25">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mundell JP, Visser MJ, Makin JD, Kershaw TS, Forsyth BW, Jeffery B, Sikkema KJ |date=August 2011 |title=The impact of structured support groups for pregnant South African women recently diagnosed HIV positive |journal=Women & Health |volume=51 |issue=6 |pages=546–65 |doi=10.1080/03630242.2011.606356 |pmc=4017076 |pmid=21973110}}</ref> Mundell et al. sun nuna cewa mata masu juna biyu da suka yi rajista a cikin ƙungiyar tallafi suna da 1) inganta girman kai, 2) damar da za ta fi dacewa da maganin su, da kuma 3) suna iya bin ayyukan kiwon lafiya da raba binciken cutar kanjamau tare da wasu fiye da waɗanda ba su yi rajista cikin ƙungiyar tallafin ba.<ref name=":25" /> Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa mata masu juna biyu da ke fama da cutar kanjamau na iya amfana daga kungiyoyin tallafin tsara. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pl8jo83r9g2elzib6dz9nebezsi6koo 0 112519 975517 705859 2026-11-03T10:10:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975517 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Zaɓen mata a ƙasar Francoist Spain da sauye-sauyen dimokraɗiyya''' an takura su ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun shekaru, ma'anar shugabannin gidaje da kuma rashin zaɓe. Mata sun sami 'yancin kada kuri'a a Spain a cikin 1933 sakamakon canje-canjen doka da aka yi a lokacin Jamhuriyar Spain ta biyu . Mata sun rasa mafi yawan hakkokinsu bayan da Franco ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekara ta 1939 a karshen yakin basasar Spain, ban da cewa mata ba su rasa 'yancinsu na kada kuri'a a duk duniya. Danniya da kuri'un mata ya faru duk da haka yayin da mulkin kama-karya bai gudanar da zaben dimokuradiyya na kasa ba tsakanin 1939 zuwa 1977. Gwamnatin Franco ta sanya sauye-sauye a game da zaɓen mata, wato dangane da buƙatar mata su zama shugabannin gidaje da kuma kusan shekarun mata na girma. Tun da farko, shekarun sun kai 23, amma an rage wannan zuwa 21 a 1943 muddin mata ba sa zama tare da iyayensu; In ba haka ba, shekarun masu girma sun kai 25. An gudanar da kuri'ar raba gardama na kasa da dama a Spain, inda mata za su iya kada kuri'a idan sun haura shekaru 21, misali a 1942, 1947 da 1966. Mata za su iya, a cikin wasu sharuɗɗa da suka shafi shekaru da matsayin aure, jefa kuri'a a zaben kananan hukumomi. Suna kuma iya tsayawa takara a zaben kananan hukumomi. [[Dolores Pérez Lapeña]] na ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan matan, inda ta yi nasara a Valladolid a zaɓen 1963. Zaɓen ƙasa na farko da mata za su iya jefa ƙuri'a ya faru a 1977, shekaru biyu bayan mutuwar Franco. Duk da haka, a lokacin Francoist Spain da tsarin mulkin demokraɗiyya, an sami maƙasudin shari'a game da 'yancin jefa ƙuri'a na mata, saboda tauye haƙƙin mata a cikin dokokin farar hula, tare da matan da ba su da aure da masu aure suna ƙarƙashin kulawar iyayensu da mazajensu, bi da bi. A cikin 1975, an soke ''auren izinin aure'', wanda ya inganta matsayin mata masu aure. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spain - SOCIAL VALUES AND ATTITUDES |url=https://countrystudies.us/spain/43.htm}}</ref> Kundin tsarin mulkin Spain na 1978 ya ba maza da mata daidaito a karkashin doka, tare da kawo karshen tsarin kula da mata mara aure na gwamnatin Franco yadda ya kamata, kuma an kafa sabuwar dokar iyali a cikin 1981, ta ba wa matan aure cikakken 'yancin ɗan adam, da kuma halatta saki. == Tarihi == === Zamanin Faransanci (1939-1975) === A karo na farko da dukan matan Mutanen Espanya za su iya kada kuri'a a zaben 'yan majalisar dokoki na kasa shi ne ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 1933 a lokacin Jamhuriyar Spain ta biyu . Wadannan mata za su iya kada kuri'a a zaben kasa sau daya kawai, a cikin 1936. Wannan lokacin ya ƙare tare da yakin basasa na Spain da kuma farawar Francoist Spain a hukumance a 1939. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-12 |title=¿Cuándo votaron por primera vez las españolas? |url=https://www.muyhistoria.es/curiosidades/preguntas-respuestas/cuando-votaron-por-primera-vez-las-espanolas-781450445684 |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=MuyHistoria.es |language=es}}</ref> Tsakanin 1939 da 1976, damar da za a yi zabe a matakin kasa ya kusan zama babu a Spain. An gudanar da zaben raba gardama na kasa guda uku, da kuma zabuka biyu na lauyoyin da za su wakilci iyalai a kotuna. Haka kuma an yi zabukan kananan hukumomi takwas. Saboda ikon mulkin kama-karya, zaɓaɓɓun jami'an ƙaramar hukuma da na majalisa sun iyakance a cikin canje-canjen da za su iya aiwatarwa. Mata a matsayinsu na 'yancin yin zaɓe, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan ƴan haƙƙoƙin da aka ɗauka daga [[Second Spanish Republic|jamhuriya ta biyu]] zuwa lokacin mulkin Francoist. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=LA MUJER DURANTE EL FRANQUISMO |url=http://www.vallenajerilla.com/berceo/garciacarcel/lamujerduranteelfranquismo.htm |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=Biblioteca Gonzalo de Berceo |language=es}}</ref> An gudanar da zaɓe na duniya a Spain a lokacin mulkin kama-karya, amma kawai lokacin da mutane za su iya jefa ƙuri'a shi ne lokacin zaben raba gardama da kuma jami'an gundumomi. Yayin da aka ba da izinin jefa kuri'a kai tsaye, ana ci gaba da danne mata saboda shugabar gida ce kawai za ta iya kada kuri'a. Wannan ya fi ban da mata, domin matan da mazansu suka mutu ne kawai ake ɗauka a matsayin shugabannin gida. <ref name=":04">{{Cite web |title=Las elecciones del franquism |url=http://canales.diariosur.es/fijas/esp/malagasigloxx/tema12.htm |access-date=7 April 2019 |website=Diario Sur |publisher=Diario SUR Digital, S. L. |language=es}}</ref> Zaɓen mata kuma ya canza saboda ƙa'idodi game da shekarun girma da shekarun jefa ƙuri'a. <ref name=":23">{{Cite web |date=2013-10-17 |title=El voto femenino, el código civil y la dictadura franquista: el ningunero de la mujer en el ordenamiento jurídico español. |url=http://www.alsurdetodo.com/?p=589 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410151611/http://www.alsurdetodo.com/?p=589 |archive-date=2019-04-10 |access-date=2019-04-08 |language=es-CL}}</ref> <ref name=":92">{{Cite journal |last=Ibáñez |first=Jesús María Palomares |date=2005 |title=Las elecciones de la Democracia Orgánica: el Ayuntamiento de Valladolid (1951-1971) |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1160349 |journal=Investigaciones Históricas: Época Moderna y Contemporánea |issue=25 |pages=211–262 |issn=0210-9425}}</ref> Shekarun girma ga mata ya zama 23 sakamakon sanyawa na sake dawo da kundin tsarin mulki na 1889, Mataki na 321. Wannan ya canza a 1943, lokacin da aka rage shekarun girma zuwa 21 don daidaitawa ga jinsin biyu. Wani ƙarin magana har yanzu yana ƙunshe da cewa mata ba su kai ga rinjaye ba har sai sun kai shekaru 25 sai dai idan sun yi aure ko kuma sun shiga gidan zuhudu. Ba a yi zabe ko kuri'ar raba gardama ba a tsakanin 1939 zuwa 1944; duk da sauye-sauyen shari'a na shekarun da suka fi girma, an ci gaba da hana mata hakkinsu saboda mulkin kama-karya bai gudanar da zabe ba. <ref name=":23" /> Shekarun jefa kuri'a ga mata ya bayyana ya sake canzawa a cikin 1945, lokacin da aka rage shekarun wasu mata zuwa 18. Bisa ga Mataki na 5 na Dokar 29 Satumba 1945, masu jefa ƙuri'a sun haɗa da, "Spaniya, maƙwabta da mutane fiye da shekaru 21, ko kuma 'yantar da mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 18, maza ko mata, a cikin gida ɗaya." <ref name=":92" /> Yawancin ƙoƙarin da jama'a ke yi game da ikon mallakar mata a cikin wannan lokacin sun dogara ne akan ƙoƙarin tsarin mulki don a gane a waje a matsayin mafi dimokuradiyya, kuma ba lallai ba ne ya haifar da yawan adadin masu jefa kuri'a ko zabe mai ma'ana da 'yanci wanda zai iya haifar da rushe tsarin mulki. <ref name=":42">{{Cite journal |last=Sevillano Calero |first=Francisco |last2=Moreno Fonseret |first2=Roque |date=1992 |title=La legitimación del franquismo: los plebiscitos de 1947 y 1966 en la provincia de Alicante |url=http://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/54673 |journal=Anales de la Universidad de Alicante. Historia Contemporánea |issue=8–9 |doi=10.14198/AnContemp.1991-1992.8-9.08 |issn=0212-5080 |doi-access=free |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425090015/http://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/54673 |archive-date=2025-04-25 |access-date=2025-08-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An gudanar da kuri'ar raba gardama kan dokar maye gurbi na 1947, tare da ba mata damar kada kuri'a. <ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=Las elecciones del franquism |url=http://canales.diariosur.es/fijas/esp/malagasigloxx/tema12.htm |access-date=7 April 2019 |website=Diario Sur |publisher=Diario SUR Digital, S. L. |language=es}}</ref> Sabuwar dokar ta hana mata izinin zama gadon sarautar Spain. <ref name=":12" /> Gwamnati ta yi zargin fitowar masu kada kuri'a kashi 100%. <ref name=":03" /> [[Fayil:Spanish_1966_national_referendum_poster.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton farfagandar gwamnati da ke nuna Francisco Franco yana neman amincewar kuri'a a zaben raba gardama na 1966.]] Madrid ta gudanar da zaben kananan hukumomi a shekara ta 1948, zaben farko da aka yi tun bayan kawo karshen yakin basasa. Shugabannin gida ne kawai za su iya kada kuri'a, wanda ya hana mafi yawan mata damar kada kuri'a. Masu jefa ƙuri'a suna da 'yan zaɓuɓɓuka, dukkansu sun haɗa da 'yan takara na hannun dama, yawancin Falangists, waɗanda ke cikin jam'iyyun hukuma ko kuma wadanda ba na hukuma ba. Bayanai sun nuna cewa an samu kaso 40 cikin dari. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Las elecciones del franquism |url=http://canales.diariosur.es/fijas/esp/malagasigloxx/tema12.htm |access-date=7 April 2019 |website=Diario Sur |publisher=Diario SUR Digital, S. L. |language=es}}</ref> Dokar farar hula ta tanadi nuna wariya ga mata, musamman ga matan aure. Mataki na 57 na dokar farar hula ya ce, "Dole ne miji ya kare mace, kuma ta yi biyayya ga miji." Ana kallon wannan a matsayin cin karo da sashe na 322 na kundin tsarin mulki wanda ya ce, "Baligi yana da ikon yin duk wani aiki na rayuwar jama'a, baya ga keɓancewar da aka kafa a lokuta na musamman ta wannan Code." Akwai kuma wasu tambayoyi game da me hakan ke nufi, kuma idan hakan na nufin dole ne mata su yi biyayya ga mazajensu idan ana maganar yadda za su yi zabe. <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=2013-10-17 |title=El voto femenino, el código civil y la dictadura franquista: el ningunero de la mujer en el ordenamiento jurídico español. |url=http://www.alsurdetodo.com/?p=589 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410151611/http://www.alsurdetodo.com/?p=589 |archive-date=2019-04-10 |access-date=2019-04-08 |language=es-CL}}</ref> === Zaman mulkin demokraɗiyya (1975-1986) === [[Fayil:ToledoElecciones15Jun77.jpg|thumb|Maza da mata sun yi layi don kada kuri'a a [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] a lokacin babban zaben Spain na 1977 .]] [[Fayil:Cartel_Referendum_Democracia_España_1976.png|left|thumb|Sake buga fosta na kuri'ar raba gardama na dokar sake fasalin siyasa na 1976.]] [[Fayil:Papeletareferendum1978.tiff|thumb|1978 Ƙuri'ar raba gardama ta kundin tsarin mulkin Spain.]] Zaɓen ƙasa na farko da aka gudanar a Spain bayan mutuwar Franco a shekara ta 1975 an yi shi a shekara ta 1977. A karon farko tun bayan jamhuriya ta biyu ta Spain, mata sun sami cikakken ikon mallaka. Ga mata da yawa, waɗannan zaɓen sun kasance wani lokaci mai cike da bege kuma suna wakiltar wani ci gaba a juyin mulkin demokraɗiyya. Da yawa sun ji cewa jihar ta yi watsi da su na dogon lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-14 |title=El voto femenino en España |url=https://canalhistoria.es/blog/el-voto-femenino-en-espana/ |access-date=2019-04-08 |website=Historia |language=es-ES |archive-date=2019-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526100541/https://canalhistoria.es/blog/el-voto-femenino-en-espana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":82">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-12 |title=¿Cuándo votaron por primera vez las españolas? |url=https://www.muyhistoria.es/curiosidades/preguntas-respuestas/cuando-votaron-por-primera-vez-las-espanolas-781450445684 |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=MuyHistoria.es |language=es}}</ref> An gudanar da kuri'ar raba gardama a [[1976 Spanish political reform referendum|shekarar 1976]] kan kudurin [[1977 Political Reform Act|dokar kawo sauyi na siyasa na 1977]] . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Las elecciones del franquism |url=http://canales.diariosur.es/fijas/esp/malagasigloxx/tema12.htm |access-date=7 April 2019 |website=Diario Sur |publisher=Diario SUR Digital, S. L. |language=es}}</ref> Kashi 77.8% na shugabannin gidaje sun kada kuri'a, inda kashi 94.17% suka amince. <ref name="NS22" /> A Madrid, 22% na masu jefa ƙuri'a sun gabatar da kuri'u marasa rinjaye ko kuri'u marasa rinjaye, fiye da yawancin sauran manyan yankuna. <ref name=":02" /> Mutanen Espanya tsakanin 18 da 21 shekaru ba su cancanci yin zabe ba. An yi amfani da dokokin kada kuri'ar raba gardama na kasa a shekarar 1945, tare da ba wa maza da mata damar kada kuri'a. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-08 |title=Los españoles votaron en referéndum cuatro veces en los últimos 38 años |url=https://www.abc.es/espana/20140809/abci-referendum-votados-espaa-201408081610.html |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=abc |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1978, Dokar Sarauta ta 33/1978 ta canza shekarun girma ga dukan mata, tare da Mataki na 320 sannan ya bayyana, "Shekarun masu girma suna farawa ga dukan Mutanen Espanya tun yana da shekaru goma sha takwas." An sake tabbatar da hakan a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Spain na 1978 a cikin Shafuffuka na 12 da 14. Mataki na 14 ya ba maza da mata cikakken daidaiton doka a ƙarƙashin doka. Mataki na 12 ya tabbatar da shekarun girma da shekaru 18 ga kowa da kowa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2013-10-17 |title=El voto femenino, el código civil y la dictadura franquista: el ningunero de la mujer en el ordenamiento jurídico español. |url=http://www.alsurdetodo.com/?p=589 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410151611/http://www.alsurdetodo.com/?p=589 |archive-date=2019-04-10 |access-date=2019-04-08 |language=es-CL}}</ref> A cikin 1975, an soke ''auren izinin aure'', wanda ya inganta matsayin mata masu aure. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spain - SOCIAL VALUES AND ATTITUDES |url=https://countrystudies.us/spain/43.htm}}</ref> Kundin tsarin mulkin Spain na 1978 ya ba maza da mata daidaito a karkashin doka, tare da kawo karshen tsarin kula da mata mara aure na gwamnatin Franco yadda ya kamata, kuma an kafa sabuwar dokar iyali a cikin 1981, ta ba wa matan aure cikakken 'yancin ɗan adam, da kuma halatta saki. == Manazarta == {{Reflist|3}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] s3dzry0llu08j1vlfd1m7wrbfm8ileq 0 114138 975223 700439 2026-11-02T16:44:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Fadel Shana'a (Arabic; 27 Maris 1984 - 16 Afrilu 2008) ɗan jaridar Palasdinawa ne da ke aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto ga Reuters . An kashe shi, tare da masu kallo takwas (shekaru 12 zuwa 20) ta hanyar harsashi da tanki Isra'ila ya harba a Gaza a wani hari da ake kira kisan gillar Bureij na 2008. == Rayuwa da aiki == [[Fayil:Reuters_vehicle_used_in_Palestine.jpg|thumb|Motar makamai da Fadel Shana'a ya yi amfani da ita a cikin 2006]] An haifi Shana'a a ranar 27 ga Maris 1984 a [[Khan Yunis]], wani birni a kudancin Gaza na Falasdinu . Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Al-Aqsa a fagen [[Journalism|aikin jarida]], daga baya ya halarci [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]] da ke [[Kairo|Alkahira]], Misira. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2006, yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto ga Reuters, Shana'a ya sami ƙananan raunuka lokacin da motar kafofin watsa labarai da yake hawa ta kai hari da wani jirgin saman Isra'ila mai saukar ungulu. David Schlesinger, Babban edita Reuters na lokacin ya kira bincike. == Kashewa == A ranar 16 ga Afrilu 2008, kusan shekaru biyu bayan ya ji rauni, an kashe Shana'a tare da masu kallo takwas tsakanin shekaru 12 zuwa 20 ta hanyar harsashi da tanki Isra'ila ya harba a matsayin wani ɓangare na kisan Al Bureij. <ref name="ReutersShana'a">{{Cite web |date=13 August 2008 |title=Israel clears troops who killed Reuters cameraman |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/08/13/uk-palestinians-israel-journalist-idUKLD61073920080813 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140101134810/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/08/13/uk-palestinians-israel-journalist-idUKLD61073920080813 |archive-date=1 January 2014 |access-date=1 January 2014 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Masu binciken kiwon lafiya sun tabbatar da mutuwarsa washegari. Hoton bidiyon Shana'a ya nuna fashewar tanki da kuma hangen nesa game da harsashi mai shigowa kafin ya zama baƙi a lokacin tasirin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2008 |title=Reuters cameraman killed in Gaza |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/video/idUSL1632826120080416?videoId=80475 |access-date=11 December 2018 |website=Reuters}}</ref> sake yin kira ga bincike, kamar yadda Human Rights Watch ya yi, wanda darektan Gabas ta Tsakiya ya bayyana cewa "sojojin Isra'ila ba su tabbatar da cewa suna da niyya ga makami na soja ba kafin harbi, kuma akwai shaidar da ke nuna cewa sun yi niyya ga 'yan jarida. " Cibiyar Al Mezan don' Yancin Dan Adam ta yi tir da kisan a matsayin [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifin yaki]] da gangan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2008 |title=Israel: Investigate Death of Gaza Civilians |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2008/04/18/israel-investigate-death-gaza-civilians |access-date=1 January 2014 |website=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2008 |title=Al Mezan Denounces IOF's Deliberate Killing of Journalist Fadel Shana'a |url=http://www.mezan.org/en/details.php?id=1606 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194156/http://www.mezan.org/en/details.php?id=1606 |archive-date=2 January 2014 |access-date=1 January 2014 |website=[[Al Mezan Center for Human Rights]]}}</ref> Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun fitar da wata sanarwa da ke cewa: "IDF na so ya jaddada cewa ba kamar kungiyoyin ta'addanci ba, ba wai kawai ba ta da niyya ga fararen hula da ba su da hannu, har ma tana amfani da hanyoyi don kauce wa irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru... Rahotanni da ke da'awar akasin haka karya ne kuma yaudara". A ranar 13 ga watan Agusta 2008, an ruwaito cewa IDF ta rufe bincike game da mutuwar Shana'a ba tare da daukar mataki na horo a kan ma'a ba. <ref name="ReutersShana'a">{{Cite web |date=13 August 2008 |title=Israel clears troops who killed Reuters cameraman |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/08/13/uk-palestinians-israel-journalist-idUKLD61073920080813 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140101134810/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/08/13/uk-palestinians-israel-journalist-idUKLD61073920080813 |archive-date=1 January 2014 |access-date=1 January 2014 |website=[[Reuters]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191903/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/08/13/uk-palestinians-israel-journalist-idUKLD61073920080813 "Israel clears troops who killed Reuters cameraman"]. </cite></ref> A cikin wata wasika da aka aika wa Reuters, a lokacin Babban Lauyan Soja Janar, Avichai Mandelblit, ya ce: "Dangane da ƙaddamar da ma'aikatan tanki da shugabanninsu suka kai, cewa haruffa sun kasance masu ƙiyayya kuma suna ɗauke da wani abu da zai iya zama makami, yanke shawara na harba a kan manufofi ... ya kasance daidai. " David Schlesinger ya ce: 'Wannan rahoto ya amince da amfani da karfi mai kisa a cikin halin da sojojin da suka yi amfani da su ba za su damar bayyana a fili ba da wani abu na Reuters ba".<ref name="ReutersShana'a" /><ref name="ReutersShana'a" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] 3qxfilatimoqek3wals7plgi0xcmbdc 0 115392 975531 708954 2026-11-03T11:51:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An kai harin roka ne a ranar 14 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2019, lokacin da aka harba rokoki biyu daga [[zirin Gaza]] zuwa [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]] . Wannan lamari dai shi ne karo na farko da aka kai hari da makamin roka a Tel Aviv a rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu tun bayan yaƙin Gaza na shekara ta 2014 . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Alex |date=March 14, 2019 |title=2 rockets from Gaza targeted a major Israeli city |url=https://www.vox.com/world/2019/3/14/18266075/rocket-tel-aviv-gaza-israel-attack-netanyahu |access-date=March 14, 2019 |website=Vox}}</ref> A 21:07 IST ranar Alhamis, 14 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2019, an harba rokoki masu cin dogon zango guda biyu {{Efn|''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'' describes the projectiles as "two missiles".<ref name=":6" />}} daga [[zirin Gaza]] zuwa [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]] . <ref name=":2"/> Sirens ya fara fashewa kuma an kunna tsarin kariya na makami mai linzami, Iron Dome, don katse rokoki. <ref name=":2" /> Da farko dai Dakarun tsaron Isra'ila sun bayar da rahoton cewa an kama ɗaya daga cikin rokokin amma daga baya sun yarda cewa ba a harba rokokin da aka harbo da kuma sauka a wuraren da babu jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=al-Mughrabi |first=Nidal |date=March 15, 2019 |title=Israel strikes Gaza after rocket attack |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/tel-aviv-rocket-attack-sets-off-sirens/news-story/b13180efbf9faef1fd7d5d8767be8a2d |access-date=March 16, 2019 |website=The Australian}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Ahronheim |first=Anna |last2=Jaffe-Hoffman |first2=Maayan |date=March 15, 2019 |title=IDF: Hamas rocket fire on Tel Aviv was a 'mistake' - Arab-Israeli Conflict |url=https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/IDF-strikes-Gaza-in-retaliation-to-rocket-launch-at-Tel-Aviv-583480 |access-date=March 16, 2019 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> 'Yan sandan Isra'ila sun gano ragowar roka a Holon, wani birni kusa da Tel Aviv. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Lazaroff |first=Tovah |date=March 17, 2019 |title=Calm restored after Israel-Hamas flareup |url=https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Calm-restored-after-Israel-Hamas-flareup-583676 |access-date=March 19, 2019 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Ba a samu asarar rayuka ko asarar dukiya ba. Daga baya Isra'ila ta ba da rahoton cewa an harba rokoki biyu bisa kuskure. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":5" /> Sa'o'i kaɗan bayan yajin aikin, Isra'ila ta sanar da ƙaddamar da hare-hare a zirin Gaza. Sojojin Isra'ila sun mayar da hankali kan garin [[Khan Yunis]] da ke {{Convert|15|miles|km}} kudu da [[birnin Gaza]] . Isra'ila ta ba da rahoton cewa ta kai hari kan wurare 100 da sojojin suka ce sun haɗa da "wani wurin kera makaman roka na ƙarƙashin ƙasa da cibiyar bunkasa jiragen sama." <ref name=":2"/> Mutane hudu ne suka jikkata a harin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 15, 2019 |title=Israel launches dozens of Gaza strikes after rockets target Tel Aviv |url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/israel-launches-dozens-gaza-strikes-after-rockets-target-tel-aviv-doc-1em9vj14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316133206/https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/israel-launches-dozens-gaza-strikes-after-rockets-target-tel-aviv-doc-1em9vj14 |archive-date=16 March 2019 |access-date=March 16, 2019 |website=AFP |language=en}}</ref> [[Hamas]] ta kori gine-ginenta a cikin tsammanin harin ramuwar gayya na Isra'ila. Bayan harin da Isra'ila ta kai wa washegari, an harba wasu rokoki shida daga Gaza zuwa garuruwan da ke kan iyaka. Iron Dome ya sami damar katse biyar daga cikin rokoki a cikin wannan volley. Yaƙin ya lafa da ƙarfe 08:00 IST Juma'a, 15 ga Maris. Sai dai masu shirya zanga-zangar kan iyakar Gaza, Maris na Komawa, sun sanar da cewa an soke zanga-zangar ta ranar saboda matsalolin tsaro. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka soke zanga-zangar mako-mako tun lokacin da aka fara a ranar 30 ga Maris, 2018. <ref name=":6"/> Kasa da makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 25 ga Maris na shekara ta 2019, an harba makamin roka daga Gaza kuma ya fada wani gida arewa maso gabashin Tel Aviv a Mishmeret . Harin ya raunata mutane 7. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dahman |first=Ibrahim |last2=Liebermann |first2=Oren |last3=Carey |first3=Andrew |date=2019-03-25 |title=After rocket hits house near Tel Aviv, Israel strikes Hamas targets in Gaza |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/25/middleeast/israel-gaza-rocket-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan kula == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} cyuu2rdu6uv0b83n5uwq183mmqotsc1 0 116362 975495 734639 2026-11-03T08:43:54Z Zahrah0 14848 975495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Roshdi Rashed''' ( [[Larabci]] : رشدي راشد), an haife shi a [[Kairo|birnin Alkahira]] a shekara ta alif 1936, [[masanin lissafi]] ne, [[Falsafa|masanin falsafa]] kuma [[Tarihin kimiyya|masanin tarihin kimiyya]], wanda aikinsa ya fi mayar da hankali kan ilmin lissafi da [[Physics|kimiyyar lissafi]] na duniyar Larabawa ta tsakiya. Ayyukansa sun bincika da kuma haskaka al'adar kimiyyar Larabawa da ba a ^{&#x5B; &#x5D; ''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|ba]]''}, kasancewar ɗaya daga cikin masana tarihi na farko da suka yi nazari dalla-dalla na tsoffin litattafai da na zamani, tafiyarsu ta makarantun Gabas da darussa, da gagarumar gudunmawar da suka bayar ga kimiyyar Yammacin Turai, musamman game da ci gaban [[algebra]] da farkon tsarin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi. == Tarihin rayuwa == Roshdi Rashed is the author of several books and scientific articles in History of Science. He is currently Emeritus Director of Research (special class) at CNRS (France).<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Sciences, Philosophie, Histoire – UMR 7219, laboratoire SPHERE - RASHED Roshdi |url=http://www.sphere.univ-paris-diderot.fr/spip.php?article602&lang=fr |access-date=2014-08-25 |publisher=Sphere.univ-paris-diderot.fr}}</ref> He was director of the Centre for History of Arab and Medieval Science and Philosophies (until 2001) Paris, and also director of the doctoral formation in epistemology and history of science, Paris Diderot University (until 2001). He is Emeritus Professor at Tokyo University, and at the [[Jami'ar Mansoura|Mansoura University]], and also at the Paris Diderot University. He was a founder (1984) and Director (until May 1993) of the REHSEIS (Research Epistemology and History of Science and Scientific Institutions) research team, CNRS, Paris. He had several distinctions including: the CNRS Bronze medal (1977), Knight of the Honour Legion (1989), the Alexandre Koyré Medal of the International Academy of the History of Science (1990), the history of science medal and award of the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (1990), medal and award of Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (1999), Avicenna gold medal of [[UNESCO]] (1999), medal of CNRS (2001), medal of the Arab World Institute (2004).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> He had several honorary positions as Vice-President of the International Academy of the History of Science (1997),<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Membres correspondants et membres effectifs |url=http://www.aihs-iahs.org/en/membres?page=5 |access-date=2014-08-25 |publisher=International Academy of the History of Science}}</ref> member of the Royal Belgian Academy of Sciences (2002), member of the Tunisian Academy "Bayt al-Hikma" (2012), and the Kenneth O. May Prize (2017).<ref name="Fraser 2017 May Prizes">{{Cite journal |last=Fraser |first=Craig |year=2017 |title=Awarding of the May Prizes for 2017 |journal=Historia Mathematica |publisher=Elsevier BV |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=315–317 |doi=10.1016/j.hm.2017.10.001 |issn=0315-0860 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Ayyukan edita == Editan zartarwa wanda ya kafa, tare da Basim Musallam, na mujallar ''Kimiyya da Falsafa na Larabci'', Cambridge University Press (UK), . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Savage-Smith |first=Emilie |date=1991 |title=Reviewed Works: Arabic Sciences and Philosophy: A Historical Journal by Basim Musallam; Journal for the History of Arabic Science by Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Khaled Maghout, Roshdi Rashed; Zeitschrift fur Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften by Fuat Sezgin |journal=Isis |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=296–298 |doi=10.1086/355738 |jstor=234832}}</ref>{{ISSN|0957-4239}} Editan jerin "Tarihin Kimiyya na Larabawa", Beirut (Lebanon). <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=منشورات الجمعية اللبنانية لتاريخ العلوم العربيّة, Société Libanaise d'Histoire des Sciences, Lebanese Society for History of Science |url=http://www.histoire-des-sciences.com/publi-a.php |access-date=2014-08-25 |publisher=Histoire-des-sciences.com |archive-date=2016-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101225849/http://www.histoire-des-sciences.com/publi-a.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daraktan Tarin "Kimiyyar Larabawa da Falsafa. Nazarin da lokutan" da "Kimiyyu da Falsafar Larabawa. Littattafai da Nazarin", Les Belles Lettres (Faransa). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Claude Gilliot |year=1988 |title=''Collection sciences et philosophie arabes'' by Roshdi Rashed; Jean Jolivet (review) |journal=Studia Islamica |publisher=Maisonneuve & Larose |page=182 |doi=10.2307/1595986 |jstor=1595986}}</ref> Editan jerin "Science in history", Blanchard (Faransa). Kwamitin memba na karatun "Revue de synthèse" (Springer Verlag), da kuma "Historia Scientiarum" (WHSO rikodin lamba 30031), da kuma ""Journal de l'histoire des mathématiques" wanda "Société Mathématique de France" (Journal of the History of Mathematics wanda Mathematics Society of France ta buga). [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> * "Gabatarwa ga Tarihin Kimiyya," co-marubucin. "Vol. 1: Elements and Instruments", Hachette, Paris, 1971. "Vol. 2: Manufa da hanyoyin. Misalan", Hachette, Paris, 1972. ** "Vol. 1: Elements and Instruments", Hachette, Paris, 1971. ** "Vol. 2: Manufa da hanyoyin. Misalan", Hachette, Paris, 1972. * "Al-Bahir a cikin Algebra As-Samaw'al", tare da S. Ahmad, Jami'ar Jami'ar Damascus, Damascus, 1972. * "Condorcet: Mathematics and Society", tarin "Ilimi", Hermann, Paris, 1974, fassarar Mutanen Espanya, 1990. * "The Art of Algebra Diophantus", National Library, Alkahira, 1975. * "The Work algebraic al-Khayyam", tare da hadin gwiwar A. Djebbar, Jami'ar Jami'ar Aleppo, Aleppo, 1981. * "Tsakanin Arithmetic da Algebra. Bincike kan Tarihin Lissafi na Larabci", Tarin "Kimiyyar Larabci da Falsafa. Nazarin da aka haɗa", Les Belles Lettres, Paris 1984. ( ) Fassarar Larabci: Beirut, 1989 Fassarar Turanci: Kluwer, Boston Studies in Philosophy of Science, 1994. Fassarar Jafananci: Tokyo University Press, a cikin bugawa.{{ISBN|2251355316}} ** Fassarar Larabci: Beirut, 1989 ** Fassarar Turanci: Kluwer, Boston Studies in Philosophy of Science, 1994. ** Fassarar Jafananci: Tokyo University Press, a cikin bugawa. * "Diophantus: The Arithmetic, Littafin IV", "Vol. 3: Tarin Jami'o'in Faransa", Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 1984. * "Diophantus: The Arithmetic, Littattafai V, VI, VII", "Vol 4: Tarin Jami'o'in Faransa", Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 1984. * "Studies on Avicenna", wanda J. Jolivet da R. Rashed suka jagoranta, tarin "Kimiyyar Larabawa da Falsafa - Nazarin da aka haɗa", Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 1984. * "Mathematics of Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi. Algebra and Geometry in the twelfth century", Vol. I Collection "Kimiyyar Larabawa da Falsafa - Littattafai da Nazarin", Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 1986. ( ) ** Fassarar Larabci: Beirut, 1998. {{ISBN|2251355626}} * "Mathematics of Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi. Algebra and Geometry in the twelfth century", Vol. II tarin "Kimiyyar Larabawa da Falsafa - Littattafai da Nazarin", Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 1986. ** Fassarar Larabci: Beirut, 1998 . * "Optics and Mathematics: Bincike kan tarihin tunanin kimiyya a Larabci," Variorum reprints, Aldershot, 1992. * "Geometry and Dioptrics the tenth century: Ibn Sahl al-Quhi and Ibn al-Haytham," Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 1993. ** Fassarar Larabci: Beirut, 1996 * "The Mathematics of infinitesimal, tara zuwa goma sha ɗaya", "Vol. II: Ibn al-Haytham", al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, London, 1993. ** Fassarar Larabci tana gudana. * "The Mathematics of infinitesimal, tara zuwa goma sha ɗaya", "Vol. I: Masu kafawa da masu sharhi Banu Musa, Thabit ibn Qurra, Ibn Sinan al-Khazin, al-Quhi, Ibn al-Samh, Ibn Hud", al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, London, 1996. ** Fassarar Larabci tana gudana. * "Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science", 3 vols. (Editor kuma co-marubuci), Routledge, London da New York, 1996 ( ). "Vol. 1: Astronomy - Theoretical and Applied " "Vol. 2: Mathematics and the physical sciences "Vol. 3: Fasaha, alchemy da kimiyyar rayuwa " Fassarar Faransanci: "Tarihin Kimiyya ta Larabci", 3 vols. [Hasiya] (<nowiki>ISBN 2-02-030355-8</nowiki>) Fassarar Larabci: "Mawsu'a Tarikh al-'ulum al-' arabiyya" 3 vols. , Markaz Dirasat al-Wahda al-'arabiyya, Beirut, 1997. (<nowiki>ISBN 9953450730</nowiki>) Fassarar Farisa: a cikin bugawa a Tehran. Fassara ta yaren Poland: 2000.{{ISBN|0415020638}} ** "Vol. 1: Astronomy - Theoretical and Applied " ** "Vol. 2: Lissafi da kimiyyar jiki" ** "Vol. 3: Fasaha, alchemy da kimiyyar rayuwa" ** Fassarar Faransanci: "Tarihin Kimiyya ta Larabci", 3 vols. [Hasiya] ( ) {{ISBN|2-02-030355-8}} ** Fassarar Larabci: "Mawsu'a Tarikh al-'ulum al-' arabiyya" 3 vols. , Markaz Dirasat al-Wahda al-'arabiyya, Beirut, 1997. ( ) {{ISBN|9953450730}} ** Fassarar Farisa: a cikin bugawa a Tehran. ** Fassara ta yaren Poland: 2000. * "Ayyukan falsafa da kimiyya na al-Kindi", "Vol. I: Optics and Catoptrics al-K indi", EJ Brill, Leiden, 1997. * "Descartes da Tsakiyar Tsakiya", J. Biard da R. Rashed (ed.), Vrin, Paris, 1997. * "Ayyukan falsafa da kimiyya na al-Kindi", "Vol. II: Metaphysics and Cosmology, "tare da J. Jolivet, EJ Brill, Leiden, 1998. * "The Doctrines of science from antiquity to the classic age," R. Rashed and J. Biard (ed.), Peeters, Leuven, 1999. * "Al-Khayyam masanin lissafi", tare da haɗin gwiwar B. Vahabzadeh, Bookstore Blanchard, Paris, 1999. ** Turanci Version: "Omar Khayyam The Mathematician", Farisa Heritage Series No. 40, Bibliotheca Persica Press, New York, 2000. * "The Greek Catoptriciens. I: burning mirrors, editing, translation and commentary", Collection of the Universities of France, buga a karkashin jagorancin Association Guillaume Bude, Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 2000. * "Ibrahim ibn Sinan. Logic and geometry in the tenth century", tare da haɗin gwiwar Hélène Bellosta, EJ Brill, Leiden, 2000. * "The Mathematics of infinitesimal, tara zuwa goma sha ɗaya", "Vol. III: Ibn al-Haytham. Theory of conics, geometric constructions and practical geometry", London, 2000. * "The Mathematics of infinitesimal, tara zuwa goma sha ɗaya", "Vol. IV: Hanyoyin gyare-gyare da falsafar lissafi", London, 2002. * "Storia della scienza", "Vol. III: Civiltà islamica", gudanarwar kimiyya da kuma co-marubucin Enciclopedia Italiana, Roma, 2002. * "Bincike da koyar da lissafi a cikin karni na tara. Tarin shawarwari Na'im ibn Musa geometric", tare da haɗin gwiwar C. Houzel, Les Cahiers du Mideo 2, Louvain-Paris, 2004. * :Aikin lissafi na al-Sijzî. Fashewa. I: ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da ka'idar lambobi a ƙarni na goma", Les Cahiers du Mideo 3, Peeters, Louvain-Paris, 2004. * "Klasik Avrupali Modernitenin Icadi ve Islam'da Bilim", tarin labaran da Bekir S. Gür ya fassara zuwa Turkiyya, Kadim Yayinlari, Ankara, 2005. * "Geometry da Dioptrics a cikin Islama ta gargajiya", al-Furqan, London, 2005. * "Falsafa na lissafi da ka'idar ilimi Ayyukan Jules Vuillemin", R. Rashed da P. Pellegrin (ed.), Kimiyya a Tarihin Tarihi, Library A. Blanchard, Paris, 2005. * "Karautar falsafa. Tarihin kimiyya", Kwalejin Tunisiya Beit al-Hikma da UNESCO Chair of Philosophy, Carthage, 2005. * "Little infinitesimal daga ƙarni na tara zuwa na goma sha ɗaya", "Vol. V: Ibn al-Haytham: lissafi mai laushi da ilimin taurari", al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, London, 2006. * "Daga Al-Khwarizmi zuwa Descartes. Nazarin tarihin lissafi", Editions na gargajiya Hermann, 2011. * "Masu kafa adadi da masu sharhi a cikin lissafin Larabci: Tarihin Kimiyya da Larabci", Routledge Publishing, 2011. ( ) {{ISBN|0415582172}} * "Hanyoyin Geometrical na Larabawa da Falsafar Lissafi: Tarihin Kimiyya da Lissafi na Larabci", Routledge Publishing, 2013. ( ) {{ISBN|0415582164}} * "Ibn Al-Haytham's Theory of Conics, Geometrical Constructions and Practical Geometry: A History of Arabic Sciences and Mathematics", Routledge Publishing, 2013. ( ) {{ISBN|0415582156}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] e1arke103yvn11er7nfoop4qq32xoiv 0 116472 975324 714411 2026-11-02T20:15:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Folajimi Oyekunle''' (an haife shi a Osunkaye, Bodija, [[Ibadan]]) ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji. Ya yi takara a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) a zaben 16 ga watan Agusta na Ibadan North Federal kuma ya yi nasara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INEC declares PDP candidate as winner of Ibadan North by-election |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inec-declares-pdp-candidate-as-winner-of-ibadan-north-by-election/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Habib |first=Gift |date=2025-06-26 |title=UPDATED: INEC sets August 16 for by-elections in 16 constituencies |url=https://punchng.com/updated-inec-sets-august-16-for-by-elections-in-16-constituencies/ |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Folajimi Oyekunle a Osunkaye, Bodija, Ibadan, Jihar Oyo . Ya shafe shekarunsa na farko a Monatan, amma asalin danginsa da al'adu suna da ƙarfi a Yemetu, al'umma a birnin Ibadan . <ref>{{Cite web |last=BowaMedia |date=2025-07-06 |title=Things to Know About Hon. Folajimi Oyekunle (DoN), PDP Candidate for Ibadan North Federal Constituency Bye-Election |url=https://bowamedia.com/things-to-know-about-hon-folajimi-oyekunle-don-pdp-candidate-for-ibadan-north-federal-constituency-bye-election/ |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=Bowa Media |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan Siyasa == Tafiyar siyasa ta Fola Oyekunle ta fara ne tare da fitowarsa a matsayin wanda ya lashe Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Oyo ta 2019 a matsayin memba wanda ke wakiltar Majalisa ta Arewa ta Ibadan I.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jamaz |date=2019-03-11 |title=Full List: See Names of Oyo House of Assembly Honourables-Elect (UPDATED) - |url=http://insideoyo.com/full-list-see-names-of-oyo-house-of-assembly-honourables-elect/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> A lokacin da yake aiki a gidan majalisa, ya kasance Shugaban kwamitin matasa da wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jamaz |date=2019-07-19 |title=Oyo Assembly Constitutes Standing Committees (See FULL LIST) - |url=https://insideoyo.com/oyo-assembly-constitutes-standing-committees-see-full-list/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Akpu |first=Patrick |date=2019-07-19 |title=FULL LIST of Oyo House of Assembly committees, chairmen, members {{!}} Newspeakonline |url=https://newspeakonline.com/full-list-oyo-house-assembly-committees-chairmen-members/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=InsideOyo |date=2020-11-05 |title=Oyo Lawmaker, Fola Oyekunle Charges 3SC Players On Promotion - |url=https://insideoyo.com/oyo-lawmaker-fola-oyekunle-charges-3sc-players-on-promotion/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, Gwamna [[Oluwaseyi Makinde|Seyi Makinde]] ya nada shi a cikin gwamnatinsa a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jamaz |date=2023-12-15 |title=Makinde Appoints Ex-Oyo Lawmaker, Fola Oyekunle, As Deputy Chief Of Staff - |url=https://insideoyo.com/makinde-appoints-ex-oyo-lawmaker-fola-oyekunle-as-deputy-chief-of-staff/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Musliudeen |date=2023-12-15 |title=Makinde appoints ex-Oyo lawmaker as Deputy Chief of Staff |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/12/15/makinde-appoints-ex-oyo-lawmaker-as-deputy-chief-of-staff/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> rawar da daga baya ya yi murabus daga don yin takara ga Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya ta Arewacin Ibadan . A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, ya fito kuma an ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben mazabar Ibadan ta Arewa ta [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta (INEC)]] ta hanyar Jami'in dawowar INEC, Farfesa Abiodun Oluwadare na [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=TVCN |date=2025-08-17 |title=INEC Declares PDP's Oyekunle Winner of Ibadan North Bye-Election - |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/inec-declares-pdps-oyekunle-winner-of-ibadan-north-bye-election/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=Trending News}}</ref> Ya lashe zaben da kuri'u 18,404, ya kayar da abokin hamayyarsa mafi kusa daga [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressives Congress (APC)]] , Adewale Olatunji wanda ya samu kuri'u 8,312.<ref>{{Cite web |last=olufemiajasa |date=2025-08-17 |title=PDP's Oyekunle wins Ibadan North Federal Constituency by-election |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/08/pdps-oyekunle-wins-ibadan-north-federal-constituency-by-election/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abide |first=Olayi |date=2025-08-17 |title=INEC Declares PDP's Folajimi Oyekunle 'DoN' Winner of Ibadan North Bye-Election - |url=https://insideoyo.com/inec-declares-pdps-folajimi-oyekunle-don-winner-of-ibadan-north-bye-election/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ilimi == * Lokaci Carol Sunrise Nursery & Firamare School, Iwo Road * [[Kwalejin Loyola, Ibadan]] * [[Kwalejin Wesley, Ibadan|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Wesley]] * Kwalejin Kula da dazuzzuka ta Tarayya, Ibadan<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fcfibadan.edu.ng/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703130757/https://www.fcfibadan.edu.ng/ |archive-date=2024-07-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Tarayya, Ibadan<ref>https://fcaib.edu.ng/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] h6oy7e1q9ahmyb5uxm284omu0q1zor1 0 117035 975191 967461 2026-11-02T15:46:50Z Salma Raddah 45959 975191 wikitext text/x-wiki The Taraba State House of Assembly reshe ne na Gwamnatin Jihar Tarava, wanda ke aiki a matsayin majalisar dokoki inda duk yanke shawara na majalisa da yin doka don gwamnatin Jihar Tarabe ke fitowa. Kungiyar ce mai zaman kanta tare da mambobi 24 da aka zaba a cikin mazabar jihohi 24. Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]] na yanzu shine John Kizito Bonzina daga mazabar [[Zing (Nijeriya)|Zing]] ta Jihar Tarava.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |title=Principal Officers |url=https://tarabastate.gov.ng/the-government/principal-officers/ |access-date=2019-06-06 |website=TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT |language=en-GB |archive-date=2019-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608211419/http://tarabastate.gov.ng/the-government/principal-officers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="newspeaker">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-21 |title=Taraba Assembly gets new Speaker as Kunini resigns |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/12/21/taraba-assembly-gets-new-speaker-as-kunini-resigns/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=dailypost.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Taraba Assembly Gets New Speaker, Bonzina |url=https://leadership.ng/taraba-assembly-gets-new-speaker-bonzina/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Leadership.ng |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jalingo |first=John Mkom |date=2019-03-27 |title=INEC Present Certificate Of Return To Gov. Ishaku, 24 Members Elect Of Taraba State House Assembly |url=https://leadership.ng/2019/03/27/inec-present-certificate-of-return-to-gov-ishaku-24-members-elect-of-taraba-state-house-assembly/ |access-date=2019-06-06 |website=Leadership Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taraba State House of Assembly Archives – Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/tag/taraba-state-house-of-assembly |access-date=2019-06-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == 9th Taraba State House of Representatives 2019 - 2023 == Maijankai Charles Abihuda memba Karim1 mazabar 2019-2023 Kunini Joseph Albasu memba Lau mazabar 2019 - 2023 Gwampo Mohammed Danladi memba na mazabar Yorro 2019 - 2023 Gayam Mohammed Umar Galadima memba Gashaka mazabar 2019 - 2023 Aji Josiah John memba Wukari1 mazabar 2019 - 2023 Bonzena John Kizito memba na Majalisar Zing 2019 - yanzu Adamu Mohammed memba Gidan Karim Lamido11 Mazabar 2019 - 2023 Abdulkarim Mohammed memba na Majalisar Ibi 2019 - 2023 Yahaya Douglas Ndatse memba na Majalisar Donga 2019 - 2023 Sabo Pius memba [[Wukari]] 11 Majalisa 2019 - 2023 Sulaiman Abbas memba Majalisar Gassol 1 mazabar 2019 - 2023 Diah Peter Abel memba na mazabar Mbamga 2019 - yanzu Eneme Tafarki Agbadu memba na mazabar Kumi 2019 - yanzu Abdullahi Hamman Adama Borkono memba Bali11 mazabar 2019 - yanzu Ahmad Jedua Dawud memba na Gembu mazabar 2019 - 2023 Anderifun Timothy Habila memba na mazabar Ussa 2019 - 2023 Abubakar Yahuza Maidalailu memba na mazabar [[Jalingo]] 11 2019 - 2023 Bashir Mohammed memba na mazabar Nguroje 2019 - 2023 Bukuni Dominic Nzinang memba Ardo Kola mazabar 2019 - 2023 Garba Ajiya Samson memba Takum1 mazabar 2019 - 2023 Kaura Abbas Umar memba Gassol 11 2019 - 2023 Taraba Mark Bako Useni memba na Majalisar Takum1 2019 - 2023 Tafida Nasiru Usman memba Jalingo11 Mazabar 2019 - 2023 Maikudi Gambo memba Bali1 mazabar 2019 - 2023 10th Taraba State House of Assembly Members 2023 - 2027= Hon. Happy Shonruba memba wakiltar mazabar Ardo-Kola Hon. Veronica Alhassan memba wakiltar mazabar Bali 1 Hon. Hamann Adama Borkono '''Mataimakin Kakakin''' memba mai wakiltar mazabar 11 Hon. Bibonga Dinkomiya Nulamuga memba wakiltar mazabar Donga Hon. Abdullahi (Chul) Musa memba wakiltar Gassol 1 Majalisa Hon. Umar Kaura Abbas memba wakiltar Gassol 11 Hon. Muhammad Batulu Katltume memba mai wakiltar mazabar Gashaka Hon. Suleiman Titong Abdul-Azeez Tanko memba mai wakiltar mazabar Gembu Hon. Ibrahim Isa Bawa memba mai wakiltar mazabar Ibbi Hon. Umar Adamu Sarki memba wakiltar mazabar Jalingo 1 Hon. Mairiga Usman Uba memba wakiltar mazabar Jalingo 11 Hon. Mike Dio M.M. Jen memba wakiltar Karim 1 Mazabar Hon. Anas Shuaibu Didango memba wakiltar mazabar Karim 11 Hon. Akila Nuhu Rantiyo memba wakiltar mazabar Lau Rt. Hon. Peter Abel Diah memba mai wakiltar mazabar Mbamga Hon. Cyprain Nelson Len memba wakiltar mazabar Nguroje Hon. Tafarki Agbadu Eneme memba wakiltar mazabar Kurmi Hon. Tanko-Yusuf Abubakar John memba wakiltar Takum 1 Hon. Lamba John memba wakiltar Takum 11 Hon. Rikupki Joshua Urenyang memba wakiltar mazabar Ussa "'Zikengyu Yakubu Jethro'" '''Shugaba mafi rinjaye''' memba mai wakiltar Wukari 1 Hon. Angye Josiah Yaro memba wakiltar Wukari 11 Election Hon. Kassong Kannoh Joseph memba wakiltar mazabar Yorro '''Mai girma John Kizito Bonzina''' '''Mai magana mai daraja''' memba mai wakiltar mazabar [[Zing (Nijeriya)|Zing]] <ref name="newspeaker"/> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 63ohxp961p3ybyiysapcj4gy8th37ux 975193 975191 2026-11-02T15:47:19Z Salma Raddah 45959 975193 wikitext text/x-wiki The Taraba State House of Assembly reshe ne na Gwamnatin Jihar Tarava, wanda ke aiki a matsayin majalisar dokoki inda duk yanke shawara na majalisa da yin doka don gwamnatin Jihar Tarabe ke fitowa. Kungiyar ce mai zaman kanta tare da mambobi 24 da aka zaba a cikin mazabar jihohi 24. Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]] na yanzu shine John Kizito Bonzina daga mazabar [[Zing (Nijeriya)|Zing]] ta Jihar Tarava.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |title=Principal Officers |url=https://tarabastate.gov.ng/the-government/principal-officers/ |access-date=2019-06-06 |website=TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT |language=en-GB |archive-date=2019-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608211419/http://tarabastate.gov.ng/the-government/principal-officers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="newspeaker">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-21 |title=Taraba Assembly gets new Speaker as Kunini resigns |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/12/21/taraba-assembly-gets-new-speaker-as-kunini-resigns/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=dailypost.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Taraba Assembly Gets New Speaker, Bonzina |url=https://leadership.ng/taraba-assembly-gets-new-speaker-bonzina/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Leadership.ng |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jalingo |first=John Mkom |date=2019-03-27 |title=INEC Present Certificate Of Return To Gov. Ishaku, 24 Members Elect Of Taraba State House Assembly |url=https://leadership.ng/2019/03/27/inec-present-certificate-of-return-to-gov-ishaku-24-members-elect-of-taraba-state-house-assembly/ |access-date=2019-06-06 |website=Leadership Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taraba State House of Assembly Archives – Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/tag/taraba-state-house-of-assembly |access-date=2019-06-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == 9th Taraba State House of Representatives 2019 - 2023 == Maijankai Charles Abihuda memba Karim1 mazabar 2019-2023 Kunini Joseph Albasu memba Lau mazabar 2019 - 2023 Gwampo Mohammed Danladi memba na mazabar Yorro 2019 - 2023 Gayam Mohammed Umar Galadima memba Gashaka mazabar 2019 - 2023 Aji Josiah John memba Wukari1 mazabar 2019 - 2023 Bonzena John Kizito memba na Majalisar Zing 2019 - yanzu Adamu Mohammed memba Gidan Karim Lamido11 Mazabar 2019 - 2023 Abdulkarim Mohammed memba na Majalisar Ibi 2019 - 2023 Yahaya Douglas Ndatse memba na Majalisar Donga 2019 - 2023 Sabo Pius memba [[Wukari]] 11 Majalisa 2019 - 2023 Sulaiman Abbas memba Majalisar Gassol 1 mazabar 2019 - 2023 Diah Peter Abel memba na mazabar Mbamga 2019 - yanzu Eneme Tafarki Agbadu memba na mazabar Kumi 2019 - yanzu Abdullahi Hamman Adama Borkono memba Bali11 mazabar 2019 - yanzu Ahmad Jedua Dawud memba na Gembu mazabar 2019 - 2023 Anderifun Timothy Habila memba na mazabar Ussa 2019 - 2023 Abubakar Yahuza Maidalailu memba na mazabar [[Jalingo]] 11 2019 - 2023 Bashir Mohammed memba na mazabar Nguroje 2019 - 2023 Bukuni Dominic Nzinang memba Ardo Kola mazabar 2019 - 2023 Garba Ajiya Samson memba Takum1 mazabar 2019 - 2023 Kaura Abbas Umar memba Gassol 11 2019 - 2023 Taraba Mark Bako Useni memba na Majalisar Takum1 2019 - 2023 Tafida Nasiru Usman memba Jalingo11 Mazabar 2019 - 2023 Maikudi Gambo memba Bali1 mazabar 2019 - 2023 10th Taraba State House of Assembly Members 2023 - 2027= Hon. Happy Shonruba memba wakiltar mazabar Ardo-Kola Hon. Veronica Alhassan memba wakiltar mazabar Bali 1 Hon. Hamann Adama Borkono '''Mataimakin Kakakin''' memba mai wakiltar mazabar 11 Hon. Bibonga Dinkomiya Nulamuga memba wakiltar mazabar Donga Hon. Abdullahi (Chul) Musa memba wakiltar Gassol 1 Majalisa Hon. Umar Kaura Abbas memba wakiltar Gassol 11 Hon. Muhammad Batulu Katltume memba mai wakiltar mazabar Gashaka Hon. Suleiman Titong Abdul-Azeez Tanko memba mai wakiltar mazabar Gembu Hon. Ibrahim Isa Bawa memba mai wakiltar mazabar Ibbi Hon. Umar Adamu Sarki memba wakiltar mazabar Jalingo 1 Hon. Mairiga Usman Uba memba wakiltar mazabar Jalingo 11 Hon. Mike Dio M.M. Jen memba wakiltar Karim 1 Mazabar Hon. Anas Shuaibu Didango memba wakiltar mazabar Karim 11 Hon. Akila Nuhu Rantiyo memba wakiltar mazabar Lau Rt. Hon. Peter Abel Diah memba mai wakiltar mazabar Mbamga Hon. Cyprain Nelson Len memba wakiltar mazabar Nguroje Hon. Tafarki Agbadu Eneme memba wakiltar mazabar Kurmi Hon. Tanko-Yusuf Abubakar John memba wakiltar Takum 1 Hon. Lamba John memba wakiltar Takum 11 Hon. Rikupki Joshua Urenyang memba wakiltar mazabar Ussa "'Zikengyu Yakubu Jethro'" '''Shugaba mafi rinjaye''' memba mai wakiltar Wukari 1 Hon. Angye Josiah Yaro memba wakiltar Wukari 11 Election Hon. Kassong Kannoh Joseph memba wakiltar mazabar Yorro '''Mai girma John Kizito Bonzina''' '''Mai magana mai daraja''' memba mai wakiltar mazabar [[Zing (Nijeriya)|Zing]] <ref name="newspeaker"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j8eo7arv4bnlrikh2f1un31raj6yu39 975194 975193 2026-11-02T15:47:45Z Salma Raddah 45959 975194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Taraba State House of Assembly reshe ne na Gwamnatin Jihar Tarava, wanda ke aiki a matsayin majalisar dokoki inda duk yanke shawara na majalisa da yin doka don gwamnatin Jihar Tarabe ke fitowa. Kungiyar ce mai zaman kanta tare da mambobi 24 da aka zaba a cikin mazabar jihohi 24. Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]] na yanzu shine John Kizito Bonzina daga mazabar [[Zing (Nijeriya)|Zing]] ta Jihar Tarava.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |title=Principal Officers |url=https://tarabastate.gov.ng/the-government/principal-officers/ |access-date=2019-06-06 |website=TARABA STATE GOVERNMENT |language=en-GB |archive-date=2019-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608211419/http://tarabastate.gov.ng/the-government/principal-officers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="newspeaker">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-21 |title=Taraba Assembly gets new Speaker as Kunini resigns |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/12/21/taraba-assembly-gets-new-speaker-as-kunini-resigns/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=dailypost.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Taraba Assembly Gets New Speaker, Bonzina |url=https://leadership.ng/taraba-assembly-gets-new-speaker-bonzina/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Leadership.ng |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jalingo |first=John Mkom |date=2019-03-27 |title=INEC Present Certificate Of Return To Gov. Ishaku, 24 Members Elect Of Taraba State House Assembly |url=https://leadership.ng/2019/03/27/inec-present-certificate-of-return-to-gov-ishaku-24-members-elect-of-taraba-state-house-assembly/ |access-date=2019-06-06 |website=Leadership Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taraba State House of Assembly Archives – Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/tag/taraba-state-house-of-assembly |access-date=2019-06-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == 9th Taraba State House of Representatives 2019 - 2023 == Maijankai Charles Abihuda memba Karim1 mazabar 2019-2023 Kunini Joseph Albasu memba Lau mazabar 2019 - 2023 Gwampo Mohammed Danladi memba na mazabar Yorro 2019 - 2023 Gayam Mohammed Umar Galadima memba Gashaka mazabar 2019 - 2023 Aji Josiah John memba Wukari1 mazabar 2019 - 2023 Bonzena John Kizito memba na Majalisar Zing 2019 - yanzu Adamu Mohammed memba Gidan Karim Lamido11 Mazabar 2019 - 2023 Abdulkarim Mohammed memba na Majalisar Ibi 2019 - 2023 Yahaya Douglas Ndatse memba na Majalisar Donga 2019 - 2023 Sabo Pius memba [[Wukari]] 11 Majalisa 2019 - 2023 Sulaiman Abbas memba Majalisar Gassol 1 mazabar 2019 - 2023 Diah Peter Abel memba na mazabar Mbamga 2019 - yanzu Eneme Tafarki Agbadu memba na mazabar Kumi 2019 - yanzu Abdullahi Hamman Adama Borkono memba Bali11 mazabar 2019 - yanzu Ahmad Jedua Dawud memba na Gembu mazabar 2019 - 2023 Anderifun Timothy Habila memba na mazabar Ussa 2019 - 2023 Abubakar Yahuza Maidalailu memba na mazabar [[Jalingo]] 11 2019 - 2023 Bashir Mohammed memba na mazabar Nguroje 2019 - 2023 Bukuni Dominic Nzinang memba Ardo Kola mazabar 2019 - 2023 Garba Ajiya Samson memba Takum1 mazabar 2019 - 2023 Kaura Abbas Umar memba Gassol 11 2019 - 2023 Taraba Mark Bako Useni memba na Majalisar Takum1 2019 - 2023 Tafida Nasiru Usman memba Jalingo11 Mazabar 2019 - 2023 Maikudi Gambo memba Bali1 mazabar 2019 - 2023 10th Taraba State House of Assembly Members 2023 - 2027= Hon. Happy Shonruba memba wakiltar mazabar Ardo-Kola Hon. Veronica Alhassan memba wakiltar mazabar Bali 1 Hon. Hamann Adama Borkono '''Mataimakin Kakakin''' memba mai wakiltar mazabar 11 Hon. Bibonga Dinkomiya Nulamuga memba wakiltar mazabar Donga Hon. Abdullahi (Chul) Musa memba wakiltar Gassol 1 Majalisa Hon. Umar Kaura Abbas memba wakiltar Gassol 11 Hon. Muhammad Batulu Katltume memba mai wakiltar mazabar Gashaka Hon. Suleiman Titong Abdul-Azeez Tanko memba mai wakiltar mazabar Gembu Hon. Ibrahim Isa Bawa memba mai wakiltar mazabar Ibbi Hon. Umar Adamu Sarki memba wakiltar mazabar Jalingo 1 Hon. Mairiga Usman Uba memba wakiltar mazabar Jalingo 11 Hon. Mike Dio M.M. Jen memba wakiltar Karim 1 Mazabar Hon. Anas Shuaibu Didango memba wakiltar mazabar Karim 11 Hon. Akila Nuhu Rantiyo memba wakiltar mazabar Lau Rt. Hon. Peter Abel Diah memba mai wakiltar mazabar Mbamga Hon. Cyprain Nelson Len memba wakiltar mazabar Nguroje Hon. Tafarki Agbadu Eneme memba wakiltar mazabar Kurmi Hon. Tanko-Yusuf Abubakar John memba wakiltar Takum 1 Hon. Lamba John memba wakiltar Takum 11 Hon. Rikupki Joshua Urenyang memba wakiltar mazabar Ussa "'Zikengyu Yakubu Jethro'" '''Shugaba mafi rinjaye''' memba mai wakiltar Wukari 1 Hon. Angye Josiah Yaro memba wakiltar Wukari 11 Election Hon. Kassong Kannoh Joseph memba wakiltar mazabar Yorro '''Mai girma John Kizito Bonzina''' '''Mai magana mai daraja''' memba mai wakiltar mazabar [[Zing (Nijeriya)|Zing]] <ref name="newspeaker"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3fsf0hdtxmfcfboq9qetkc5mmu38rnb 0 117540 975428 815905 2026-11-03T03:18:25Z ~2026-58157-70 50714 /* Ayyuka */ 975428 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kevin Nyerere''' (Butiama, 1973) ɗan kasuwa ne, mai fafutukar al’adu kuma ɗaya daga cikin fitattun shugabannin panafrikanism na zamani. Jikansa ne ga tsohon shugaban farko na [[Tanzaniya]], [[Julius Nyerere]], kuma ana ɗaukar shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tasiri a sabbin ƙarni na Afirka da kuma a matsayin alamar tunani ga diaspora ta Afro-Amurkawa, musamman a motsin da ke haɗa asalin kaka da kirkire-kirkiren zamantakewa.<ref>[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Nyerere Kevin Nyerere – Wikipedia a Faransanci]{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Kevin Nyerere a shekarar 1973 a Butiama, a yankin Mara na Tanzaniya, cikin al’ummar Zanaki. Ya tashi a cikin iyali da aka danganta da hoton kakansa Julius Nyerere, kuma ya haɓaka hankalin siyasa da na al’adu wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga manufofin haɗin kan Afirka da adalcin jama’a.<ref>[https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Nyerere Kevin Nyerere – Wikipedia a Swahili]{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya yi nasa ''grand tour'' a Turai, inda ya yi karatu kuma ya haɓaka hanyar kasa da kasa ga al’adu da tattaunawar ƙetare. == Ayyuka == A matsayinsa na ɗan kasuwa da mai saka jari, Nyerere yana da hannu a shirye-shiryen ci gaban tattalin arziki da na al’adu waɗanda ke haɗa ƙasashen Afirka da diaspora. Hotonsa na jama’a ya tabbatar da shi a matsayin alamar tunani ga matasan Afirka, abin da ya sanya shi ɗaya daga cikin mafi tasiri a yau. A matsayin magajin sarakunan Zanaki, ya himmatu wajen kare muhalli da kiyaye tekuna, kuma mai tara ayyukan fasahar gargajiya ta Afirka da ta zamani ne. == Tasirin al’adu == Baya ga Afirka, ana ɗaukar Kevin Nyerere a matsayin alamar tunani ga al’ummomin Afro-Amurkawa. Hotonsa ya haɗa da tunanin kaka na panafrikanism da zamani na sabbin hanyoyin aikin al’adu da na zamantakewa, yana zama alama mai wuce gona da iri wadda take yin magana da kiɗa, fasahar gani da motsin jama’a.<ref>[https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Nyerere Kevin Nyerere – Wikipedia a Romaniyanci]{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Girmamawa == Daban-daban tushe suna bayyana Kevin Nyerere a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane masu tasowa na ƙarni na 21 a fagen tasirin al’adu na Afirka a duniya, tare da rawar da ke ƙaruwa a tsakanin shugabannin alama da na kafofin watsa labarai na nahiyar.<ref>[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Nyerere Kevin Nyerere – Wikipedia a Faransanci]{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Bayanai == <references/> == Duba kuma == * [[Julius Nyerere]] * Panafrikanism * Diaspora ta Afirka * Biennale di Venezia * {{Hujja}} llm8kzvdowbco1wdr780hv4b5plnr4g 975429 975428 2026-11-03T03:19:04Z ~2026-58157-70 50714 975429 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kevin Nyerere''' (Butiama, 1973) ɗan kasuwa ne, mai fafutukar al’adu kuma ɗaya daga cikin fitattun shugabannin panafrikanism na zamani. Jikansa ne ga tsohon shugaban farko na [[Tanzaniya]], [[Julius Nyerere]], kuma ana ɗaukar shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tasiri a sabbin ƙarni na Afirka da kuma a matsayin alamar tunani ga diaspora ta Afro-Amurkawa, musamman a motsin da ke haɗa asalin kaka da kirkire-kirkiren zamantakewa.<ref>[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Nyerere Kevin Nyerere – Wikipedia a Faransanci]{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Kevin Nyerere a shekarar 1973 a Butiama, a yankin Mara na Tanzaniya, cikin al’ummar Zanaki. Ya tashi a cikin iyali da aka danganta da hoton kakansa Julius Nyerere, kuma ya haɓaka hankalin siyasa da na al’adu wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga manufofin haɗin kan Afirka da adalcin jama’a.<ref>[https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Nyerere Kevin Nyerere – Wikipedia a Swahili]{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya yi nasa ''grand tour'' a Turai, inda ya yi karatu kuma ya haɓaka hanyar kasa da kasa ga al’adu da tattaunawar ƙetare. == Ayyuka == A matsayinsa na ɗan kasuwa da mai saka jari, Nyerere yana da hannu a shirye-shiryen ci gaban tattalin arziki da na al’adu waɗanda ke haɗa ƙasashen Afirka da diaspora. Hotonsa na jama’a ya tabbatar da shi a matsayin alamar tunani ga matasan Afirka, abin da ya sanya shi ɗaya daga cikin mafi tasiri a yau. A matsayin magajin sarakunan Zanaki, ya himmatu wajen kare muhalli da kiyaye tekuna, kuma mai tara ayyukan fasahar gargajiya ta Afirka da ta zamani ne. == Tasirin al’adu == Baya ga Afirka, ana ɗaukar Kevin Nyerere a matsayin alamar tunani ga al’ummomin Afro-Amurkawa. Hotonsa ya haɗa da tunanin kaka na panafrikanism da zamani na sabbin hanyoyin aikin al’adu da na zamantakewa, yana zama alama mai wuce gona da iri wadda take yin magana da kiɗa, fasahar gani da motsin jama’a.<ref>[https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Nyerere Kevin Nyerere – Wikipedia a Romaniyanci]{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Girmamawa == Daban-daban tushe suna bayyana Kevin Nyerere a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane masu tasowa na ƙarni na 21 a fagen tasirin al’adu na Afirka a duniya, tare da rawar da ke ƙaruwa a tsakanin shugabannin alama da na kafofin watsa labarai na nahiyar.<ref>[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Nyerere Kevin Nyerere – Wikipedia a Faransanci]{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Bayanai == <references/> == Duba kuma == * [[Julius Nyerere]] im3fwteaggy4pu1hd1e7qjc5nt06g6n 0 121878 975416 905345 2026-11-03T00:10:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} George of the Jungle fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka na 1997 wanda Sam Weisman ya jagoranta. Ya samo asali ne daga jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Amurka na shekarar 1967 na wannan sunan wanda Jay Ward da Bill Scott suka kirkira, wanda ya yi la'akari da halin Tarzan na Edgar Rice Burroughs. Dana Olsen da Audrey Wells ne suka rubuta rubutun. Tauraron fim din Brendan Fraser a matsayin mai taken, tare da Leslie Mann, Thomas Haden Church, Holland Taylor, Richard Roundtree, da John Cleese. Makircin ya biyo bayan wani mutum wanda dabbobi suka haife shi a cikin daji kuma daga baya ya ƙaunaci wata mai arziki, wanda ya haifar da rikici tare da saurayinta mai son kai. Hotunan Walt Disney ne suka samar da fim din, an fitar da shi a wasan kwaikwayo a Amurka da Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1997. An fara shi ne a Tashar Disney a Amurka a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1998. Fim din ya sami ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa daga masu sukar amma ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci wanda ya kai dala miliyan 174 a duk duniya. An sake fitowa kai tsaye zuwa bidiyo, George of the Jungle 2, a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 2003. == Makirci == A kan jirgin zuwa Bukuvu, wani jariri mai suna George ya makale bayan hadarin jirgin sama kuma ya girma a cikin daji, ya zama "White Ape". Shekaru ashirin da biyar bayan haka, yayin da suke yawon shakatawa a Burundi tare da jagora na gida Kwame da masu ɗaukar kaya uku, magajin San Francisco Ursula Stanhope ta sadu da saurayinta mai cin hanci da rashawa Lyle van de Groot, wanda ke son kai ta gida kuma ya hayar masu farauta biyu, Max da Thor, don bin ta. Ursula ta ki komawa gida har sai da ta ga birai, don haka Lyle ta shiga cikin daji don neman su. Su biyu sun haɗu da zaki, kuma yayin da Lyle ya buge kansa ba tare da sanin komai ba yayin da yake gudu don neman taimako, George ya ceci Ursula. Bayan ya dauki Ursula zuwa gidansa na itace kuma ya kula da ita, George ya gabatar da ita ga abokansa dabbobi guda uku: Ape, gorilla mai magana mai hikima wanda ya tashe shi; Shep, giwayen daji na Afirka wanda ke aiki kamar kare; da Tookie, toco toucan wanda ya ba shi labarai game da da dabbobin daji. George yana sha'awar Ursula kuma yana ƙoƙari ya jawo ta; Ursula nan da nan ya sake dawo da sha'awarsa, kuma lokacin da ta yi tare da George ya sa ta zama mai kula da shi. Lyle, Max, da Thor nan da nan sun isa gidan itace, amma Ursula ta tsawata wa Lyle saboda ƙoƙarin barin ta yayin harin zaki. Max da Thor sun yi ƙoƙari su harbe Shep don hauren giwa, kuma Ape ya yi ihu ga Shep ya gudu. Kowa ya yi mamakin ganin birai mai magana, kuma Max da Thor sun yanke shawarar kwantar da hankali da kama shi. George ya gudu don dakatar da su, kuma Lyle ya harbe shi ba da gangan ba, wanda ya yi tunanin bindigar ta fi ƙarfinsa wanda ya shirya ya tsoratar da George. An tsare Lyle a kurkuku bayan masu ɗaukar kaya sun gano shi a matsayin mai harbi. An fitar da Max da Thor amma sun yanke shawarar komawa gidan itace don kama Ape kuma su yi arziki daga gare shi a Las Vegas. A halin yanzu, Ursula ya ɗauki George zuwa San Francisco don samun taimakon likita don raunin bindigarsa da kuma nuna masa duniyar ɗan adam, wanda bai taɓa gani ba tun yana yaro. Yayinda Ursula ke aiki, George ya binciki San Francisco da kansa kuma yana amfani da kwarewarsa ta girgiza itacen inabi don ceto wani mutumin da paraglider dinsa ya kama a kan igiyoyin dakatarwa na Bay Bridge. Ursula ta yarda da abin da ya faru a Afirka ga iyayenta kuma tana da niyyar karya bikin, amma mahaifiyarta mai iko, Beatrice, ta ƙi. A wani biki da aka yi niyyar yin bikin auren Ursula, Beatrice ta dauki George gefe. Ta gaya masa cewa auren Ursula da Lyle dole ne ya ci gaba kamar yadda aka tsara kuma ya yi barazanar cutar da George idan ya tsoma baki. A Burundi, Max da Thor sun kwantar da hankalin Ape; kafin ya fadi ba tare da sanin komai ba kuma an kama shi, Ape ya aika Tookie don neman George. Tookie ya tashi zuwa San Francisco kuma ya sanar da George game da kama Ape, ya tilasta wa George ya bar Ursula ya koma Burundi. Yayinda ta rikice game da tafiyar George da ba a bayyana ba, Ursula ta fahimci cewa tana son George kuma ta je neman shi, duk da zanga-zangar mahaifiyarta. Max da Thor, bayan sun koma gidan itace bayan sun juya ta hanyar hanyar gajeren hanya ta ƙarya, George ya fuskanci su. Ya yi yaƙi kuma ya ci su da taimakon Ursula da dabbobi. Lyle ya bayyana, ya bayyana cewa ya tsere daga kurkuku kuma ya zama minista mai bin doka wanda zai iya yin bukukuwan aure. Lyle ya sa George ya shawo kan ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa kuma ya tilasta wa Ursula zuwa jirgin ruwa da ke jira a Kogin Ape don yin bukukuwan aurensu. Koyaya, jerin gagarumin gagarumin da suka kawo su duka cikin haɗari sun katse bikin. An ceto George daga ma'aikata tare da taimakon Shep da gorillas, kuma ya shiga don isa Ursula da Lyle, amma ya fadi cikin mummunan itace. Yayin da itacen ya fadi a kan kogi, George ya sami damar ja Ursula zuwa aminci yayin da rapids suka jagoranci Lyle cikin wani kogo mai duhu. Lyle, yana tunanin Ursula har yanzu tana cikin jirgin, ya yi shelar alkawuran aurensu, amma ga tsoronsa da baƙin ciki, ya gano cewa ya auri kansa ga gorilla, wanda ya sumbace shi. George da Ursula sun bayyana ƙaunarsu ga juna kuma sun yi aure, tare da mutanen San Francisco, Afirka, da dabbobin daji da suka halarta. Wani lokaci daga baya, biyun suna zaune a cikin gidan su na itace kuma suna kiwon ɗa, George Jr., wanda suka gabatar da shi ga dabbobi daga saman Pride Rock (wani fim na Disney The Lion King). Farkon ƙididdigar ƙarshe ya tsaya don nuna cewa Ape ya koma Las Vegas kuma ya zama sanannen mawaƙi, tare da Max da Thor da aka ƙasƙantar da su sun tilasta su zama wani ɓangare na aikinsa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Brendan Fraser]] a matsayin George, wani saurayi wanda ya girma a cikin daji kamar Tarzan kuma akai-akai yakan fadi cikin bishiyoyi yayin da yake juyawa a kan inabi. Fraser ya yi sauraro a lokaci guda don rawar da take takawa a cikin Disney mai tsanani na Tarzan, wanda za a saki a 1999, amma ya rasa Tony Goldwyn * Leslie Mann a matsayin Ursula Stanhope, mai arziki magaji da kuma sha'awar soyayya ta George * Thomas Haden Church a matsayin Lyle van de Groot, mai arziki na Ursula, mai son kai, kuma tsohon ango wanda ke aiki a matsayin babban abokin adawar fim din * Richard Roundtree a matsayin Kwame, shugaban jagorar yawon shakatawa na daji a lokacin ziyarar Ursula zuwa Afirka * Greg Cruttwell da Ibrahim Benrubi a matsayin Max da Thor, mafarauta biyu da Lyle ya hayar a matsayin masu bin diddigin * Holland Taylor a matsayin Beatrice Stanhope, mahaifiyar Ursula mai iko, wacce ta yi imanin cewa matsayi na zamantakewa ya fi muhimmanci fiye da samun aure mai ƙauna kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai adawa da fim din * [[Kelly Miracco]] (a baya Kelly Miller) a matsayin Betsy, abokiyar Ursula mafi kyau wanda ke da sha'awar George nan take * John Bennett Perry a matsayin Arthur Stanhope, mahaifin Ursula mai goyon baya wanda yake son ta yi aure don soyayya maimakon matsayi na zamantakewa * Abdoulaye N'Gom, Michael Chinyamurindi, da Lydell M. Cheshier a matsayin Kip, N'Dugo, da Baleto, bi da bi. Su ne masu ɗaukar Kwame da kuma abokan jagororin yawon shakatawa. * Willie Brown a matsayin Magajin gari Willie L. Brown Jr * Lauren Bowles, Samantha Harris, da Afton Smith a matsayin abokan Ursula * Spencer Garrett da Jon Pennell a matsayin Baƙi na Maza a Bikin * Noah John Cardoza da Benjamin John Cardoça a matsayin George Jr. * Mista Binx, Zakery, Emely, da Crystal a matsayin Monkey * Tai a matsayin Shep, Giwayen daji na Afirka tare da halin kare * Joseph, Kaleb, da Bongo a matsayin [[Zaki]] * Tookie, Scooper, da Hopper a matsayin Tookie, toco toucan === Muryoyi === * John Cleese a matsayin Ape, mai ilimi sosai, mai magana da gorilla na gabas wanda shine aboki mafi kyau na George kuma ɗan'uwansa * Keith Scott a matsayin mai ba da labari * Frank Welker a matsayin birai da Tookie Tookie == Fitarwa == Mawallafin fina-finai Dana Olsen da farko ya rubuta rubutun takamaiman mai taken Gorilla Boy, wani labari na ''Tarzan'' da aka fada daga hangen nesa na wata mace mai arziki ta Amurka mai kama da halin Jane. Kodayake Olsen da farko ya yi imanin cewa Disney ba zai yi sha'awar ba - saboda ɗakin studio din ya sami haƙƙin jerin shirye-shiryen George na Jungle - wakilin sa ya gabatar da rubutun, kuma Disney ya samo shi. Daga baya aka hayar Olsen don sake rubuta rubutun da ke akwai. Daga baya ya bayyana cewa tsarin ci gaba a Disney ya kasance na hadin gwiwa kuma ya yaba da bayanan rubutun studio.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ring |first=Teme |date=December 7, 2022 |title=It's Time to Celebrate "Vic & Paul & Dana's Post-Pandemic Revue": A Q&A with Dana Olsen |url=https://comediansdefyinggravity.com/2022/12/27/its-time-to-celebrate-vic-paul-danas-post-pandemic-revue-a-qa-with-dana-olsen/ |access-date=November 24, 2024 |website=Comedians Defying Gravity}}</ref> An halicci al'amuran dabbobi a cikin fim din ta amfani da haɗuwa da dabbobi masu rai, wasan kwaikwayo, da hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta. Abubuwan da suka shafi zaki, giwa, da toucan sun yi amfani da cakuda dabbobi na ainihi da abubuwan animatronic ko CGI, gami da zaki na tsana a lokacin jerin yaƙi da CGI don nuna Shep giwa yana nuna hali kamar kare. An kuma yi amfani da dabbobi masu rai, gami da Orangutan, chimpanzee, da birai na capuchin, tare da karamin haɓaka kwamfuta don wasu jerin.<ref name="humane">{{Cite web |title=George of the Jungle |url=https://humanehollywood.org/production/george-of-the-jungle/ |website=[[American Humane|Humane Hollywood]]}}</ref> An yi amfani da zakuna hudu na Afirka a cikin fim. Joseph da Kaleb sun horar da Charlie Sammut na gidan zoo na Monterey a Salinas, California.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Josef |url=https://www.visionquestranch.com/about}}</ref> Sammut ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin [[Brendan Fraser]]'s stunt double for a lion attack sequence. Michael Hackenberger na Bowmanville Zoo ne ya horar da wasu zakuna, Bongo da Kaisar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2002 |title=All the really big stars live at Vision Quest Ranch |url=https://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/all-the-really-big-stars-live-at-vision-quest-ranch/article_8f1b8001-56d1-5674-b39b-e428a30ab75c.html}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An yi amfani da wasan kwaikwayo na Animatronic don al'amuran da ke buƙatar takamaiman hali, kamar zaki yana tsinkaye a George daga bayan daji. Fraser ya kuma yi hulɗa da zaki a wasu hotuna.<ref name="humane"/> Masu wasan kwaikwayo na kayan ado daga Jim Henson's Creature Shop ne suka nuna halayen gorilla.<ref name="Archerd">{{Cite web |last=Archerd |first=Army |date=November 26, 1996 |title='George' crew creates urban 'Jungle' |url=https://variety.com/1996/voices/columns/george-crew-creates-urban-jungle-1117863056/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><ref name="humane"/> An yi rigunansu daga gashin yak, kuma ana sarrafa fuskarsu ta amfani da animatronics masu aiki daga nesa. Dream Quest Images ne suka samar da ƙarin abubuwan gani. <ref name="Archerd" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Jim |date=2003-01-14 |title=The sad tale of Disney's Secret Lab |url=https://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2003/01/15/224.aspx |website=jimhillmedia.com |quote=as well as memorable CG characters like Shep (the elephant who thought that he was a dog) |access-date=2025-12-03 |archive-date=2021-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724003251/https://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2003/01/15/224.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> The jungle environment was constructed on a soundstage in Playa del Rey, Los Angeles. The stage measured approximately {{Convert|750|feet}} in length, {{Convert|90|feet}} in width, and {{Convert|71|feet}} in height at its peak.<ref name="Archerd"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4din4zldxwwp1wqy180e6i6kfi4g84o 0 123167 975313 972934 2026-11-02T19:04:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fidelis Duker''' 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya kuma mai shirya bikin fina-finai. == Ayyuka == {{Databox}} Duker started his career in the year 1988 writing dramas for [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya|NTA]], Nigeria's public broadcast television network.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}} A shekara ta 2003, Duker ya haifi ra'ayin bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Abuja (AIFF), [1] daya daga cikin manyan bukukuwan fina-fakka na Afirka da aka gudanar a kowace shekara a Abuja na Najeriya, wanda yake zaune a kan allon a matsayin wanda ya kafa taron da ke gudana a karo na 18 a shekarar 2021.[2] == Nominations da sanarwa == A shekara ta 2016, Duker ya lashe lambar yabo ta 'Lifetime Achievement Award', a [[Best of Nollywood Awards|Kyautar Nollywood mafi kyau]] (BON) da aka gudanar a Aba. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, an ambaci Duker a matsayin daya daga cikin mambobin juriya na bikin fina-finai da talabijin na Pan African na Ouagadougou, FESPACO . == Hotunan fina-finai == * Wannan Atijo - Yoruba - 1993 * Skeleton - Igbo - 1994 * Nemesis - Turanci - 1995 * Ba nufin Ni ba - Turanci - 1996 * Nemesis 2 - Turanci - 1996 * Abin kunya - Turanci - 1997 * An ƙaddara Ya Mutu 1 - Turanci - 1997 * Scandals 2 - Turanci - 1998 * An ƙaddara Ya Mutu 2 - Turanci - 1998 * Blood Brothers - Turanci - 1998 * Visa zuwa Jahannama - Turanci - 1999 * Sarkin Kudi - Turanci - 1999 * Doctor Mutuwa - Turanci - 2000 * Maƙiya a Cikin - Turanci - 2001 * Pure Love - Turanci - 2002 * Hot Passion - Turanci - 2002 * Baka Boys - Turanci - 2003 * Nurses na dare - Turanci - 2003 * Jesu Mushin - Turanci - 2004 * Aljanna A Amurka - 2005 * London Blues - Turanci - 2006 * A Means to An End - Turanci 2007 * Senseless - Turanci - 2008 tare da [[Segun Arinze]], [[Bimbo Akintola]], [[Kanayo O. Kanayo|Kanayo Kanayo]], Femi Branch, [[Ngozi Ezeonu]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seedorf161 |date=2016-05-14 |title=Senseless Love (Pt. 1) [Starr. Segun Arinze, Bimbo Akintola, Kanayo Kanayo, Femi Branch, Ngozi Ezeonu] |url=https://www.thenetnaija.com/videos/nollywood/3432-senseless-love-pt-1-segun-arinze-bimbo-akintola-kanayo-kanayo-femi |access-date=2021-11-16 |website=NetNaija |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116100621/https://www.thenetnaija.com/videos/nollywood/3432-senseless-love-pt-1-segun-arinze-bimbo-akintola-kanayo-kanayo-femi |archive-date=2021-11-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Cash And Carry - Turanci - 2009 * Tsibirin Asiri - Yoruba - 2009 * Onyeama - Igbo - 2010 * Sade Oloso - Yoruba - 2011 * Dada Oni Paki - Yoruba - 2012 == Shirye-shiryen talabijin == * Hotuna - jerin shirye-shiryen TV - 2001 * Eldorado - jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin - 2005 * 'Yan mata na kusa - 2007 * Yara kadai - 2008 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2x1hvlq55j2am7r9p848rkjfgs74g9z 0 126820 975499 798583 2026-11-03T08:49:07Z Zahrah0 14848 975499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Terry Paxton Bradshaw''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1948) tsohon dan wasan [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa (NFL) na tsawon shekaru 14 tare da Pittsburgh Steelers . Tun daga shekara ta alif 1994, ya kasance Mai sharhi kan wasanni na talabijin kuma mai karɓar bakuncin Fox NFL Sunday. Bradshaw kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mai yin rikodi, bayan ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa (musamman a matsayin kansa) da fina-finai, mafi mahimmanci tare da yin fim din Failure to Launch, da kuma sakin kundin kiɗa na ƙasa da yawa. An ba shi suna '''Blonde Bomber''', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815163707/https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |url-status=dead }}</ref> ya lashe Super Bowls hudu a cikin shekaru shida (1974, 1975, 1978, da 1979), ya zama na farko da ya lashe Super Bowl uku da hudu, kuma ya jagoranci Steelers zuwa gasar zakarun AFC ta Tsakiya takwas. An shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na Pro Football a shekara ta alif 1989, shekarar farko ta cancanta, da kuma Hall of Fame ta Kwalejin a shekarar 1996. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Bradshaw a Shreveport, Louisiana, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1948 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mahaifinsa, William Marvin "Bill" Bradshaw (1927-2014), ɗan asalin Sparta, Tennessee, tsohon soja ne na Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka, tsohon mataimakin shugaban masana'antu na Kamfanin Riley Beaird a Shreveport, kuma dan asalin Baptist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Bradshaw |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-bradshaw&pid=169435833&fhid=6175 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220182044/https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-bradshaw&pid=169435833&fhid=6175 |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |access-date=November 17, 2019 |website=[[The Times (Shreveport, Louisiana)|Shreveport Times]], February 2, 2014}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa, Novis (née Gay; 1929-2023), tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Clifford da Lula Gay na Red River Parish, Louisiana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FLW Fishing: Articles |url=http://www.flwoutdoors.com/article.cfm?id=143245 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126032447/http://www.flwoutdoors.com/article.cfm?id=143245 |archive-date=November 26, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reginald L. "Reggie" Gay obituary (Bradshaw's maternal uncle) |url=http://rose-neath.com/index.php/act_obituary_details/obituaryId_7186 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234225/http://rose-neath.com/index.php/act_obituary_details/obituaryId_7186 |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |access-date=April 24, 2013 |publisher=rose-neath.com}}</ref> Yana da babban ɗan'uwa, Gary, da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa، Craig.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 1, 2011 |title=Cooks at Home: Gary Bradshaw |url=https://ediblesarasota.ediblecommunities.com/recipes/cooks-home-gary-bradshaw |access-date=November 12, 2024 |website=www.ediblesarasota.ediblecommunities.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2024 |title=Steelers' Terry Bradshaw and Houston's Craig Bradshaw: On This Day in NFL History |url=https://heavy.com/sports/nfl/pittsburgh-steelers/2020/09/steelers-terry-bradshaw-vs-houstons-craig-bradshaw/ |access-date=November 12, 2024 |website=www.heavy.com}}</ref> A farkon yarinta, iyalin sun zauna a Camanche, Iowa, inda ya kafa burin yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Lokacin da yake matashi, Bradshaw ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Shreveport.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dan Smith, "Terry Bradshaw" (1989) |url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/coffin_corner/11-02-367.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021190834/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/coffin_corner/11-02-367.pdf |archive-date=October 21, 2013 |access-date=April 23, 2013 |publisher=profootballresearchers.org}}</ref> A can, ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Woodlawn, ya taka leda a karkashin mataimakin kocin A. L. Williams, kuma ya jagoranci Knights zuwa Gasar zakarun jihar AAA a shekarar 1965, amma ya rasa 12-9 ga Sulphur Golden Tornadoes. Yayinda yake a Woodlawn, ya kafa rikodin ƙasa don jefa javelin a {{Convert|245|ft|m|2}} ; ayyukansa sun ba shi wuri a cikin fasalin Sports Illustrated Faces in the Crowd. Wanda ya gaji Bradshaw a matsayin mai farawa na Woodlawn wani dan wasan NFL ne na gaba, Joe Ferguson na Buffalo Bills . <ref>{{Cite web |title=William Bradshaw |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-bradshaw&pid=169435833&fhid=6175 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220182044/https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-bradshaw&pid=169435833&fhid=6175 |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |access-date=November 17, 2019 |website=[[The Times (Shreveport, Louisiana)|Shreveport Times]], February 2, 2014}}</ref> Bradshaw's Steelers sun kayar da Ferguson's Bills a wasan kwaikwayo na 1974 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=FLW Fishing: Articles |url=http://www.flwoutdoors.com/article.cfm?id=143245 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126032447/http://www.flwoutdoors.com/article.cfm?id=143245 |archive-date=November 26, 2005}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == Bradshaw decided to attend Louisiana Tech University in Ruston, recruited in part by future Hall of Fame coach Jimmy Johnson. He has much affinity for his alma mater, and is a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity. Initially, he was second on the depth chart at quarterback behind Phil Robertson, who later became famous as the inventor of the Duck Commander duck call and television personality on the A&amp;amp;E program ''Duck Dynasty''.<ref name="lthtbpr">{{Cite web |last=Patterson |first=Chris |date=September 13, 2013 |title=Louisiana Tech honored Terry Bradshaw, Phil Robertson Thursday |url=http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/eye-on-college-football/23626584/louisiana-tech-honors-terry-bradshaw-phil-robertson-at-tulane-game |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006212913/http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/eye-on-college-football/23626584/louisiana-tech-honors-terry-bradshaw-phil-robertson-at-tulane-game |archive-date=October 6, 2013 |access-date=September 15, 2013 |website=CBS Sports}}</ref> Lokacin da ya isa Tech a shekarar 1966, Bradshaw ya haifar da tashin hankali a kafofin watsa labarai saboda sunansa a matsayin mai jin dadin kwallon kafa daga Shreveport da ke kusa.<ref name="Boys Life Nov 1979">{{Cite journal |last=Fox |first=Larry |date=November 1979 |title=Terry Bradshaw, Steel Drivin' Man |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zosfNeBq2B8C&pg=PA6 |url-status=live |journal=Boys' Life |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |volume=69 |issue=11 |pages=6–10 |issn=0006-8608 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603105159/https://books.google.com/books?id=zosfNeBq2B8C&pg=PA6 |archive-date=June 3, 2016 |access-date=January 2, 2017}}</ref><ref name="gabe">{{Cite web |last=Zaldivar |first=Gabe |date=April 1, 2013 |title="Duck Dynasty's" Phil Robertson Once Gave Terry Bradshaw Starting QB Spot |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1588651-duck-dynastys-phil-robertson-once-gave-terry-bradshaw-starting-qb-spot |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007003841/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1588651-duck-dynastys-phil-robertson-once-gave-terry-bradshaw-starting-qb-spot |archive-date=October 7, 2013 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Robertson ya kasance shekara guda a gaban Bradshaw, kuma ya kasance mai farawa na yanayi biyu a 1966 da 1967, kuma ya zaɓi kada ya yi wasa a 1968.<ref name="hprfsaf">{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Holly |date=March 22, 2012 |title=Duck Punt: How Phil Robertson found stardom after giving up football |url=http://college-football.si.com/2012/03/22/duck-punt-how-phil-robertson-found-stardom-after-giving-up-football/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927193118/http://college-football.si.com/2012/03/22/duck-punt-how-phil-robertson-found-stardom-after-giving-up-football/ |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |access-date=September 15, 2013 |website=Sports Illustrated Campus Union}}</ref> Kamar yadda Robertson ya ce: "Ina zuwa ga ducks, ku [Terry] na iya zuwa ga bucks. " A shekara ta 1969, yawancin masu fafutuka sun dauki Bradshaw a matsayin fitaccen dan wasan kwallon kafa na kwaleji a kasar. A matsayinsa na ƙarami a lokacin kakar 1968, ya tara jimlar yadudduka 2,890, matsayi na farko a cikin NCAA, kuma ya jagoranci tawagarsa zuwa rikodin 9-2 da nasarar 33-13 a kan Akron a cikin Rice Bowl. A cikin babban lokacinsa, ya sami yadudduka 2,314, matsayi na uku a cikin NCAA, kuma ya jagoranci tawagarsa zuwa rikodin 8-2. Ragewa a cikin samarwa yafi saboda tawagarsa ta buga wasanni 10 kawai a wannan shekarar, kuma an cire shi daga wasanni da yawa a rabi na biyu saboda tawagar sa ta gina babbar jagora. Bradshaw ya kammala karatu yana da kusan dukkanin rikodin Louisiana Tech a lokacin. A shekara ta 1970, Bradshaw ta sami lambar yabo ta Golden Plate na Kwalejin Achievement ta Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815163707/https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football%20name%3ABradshaw%20Terry |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1984, an shigar da shi cikin aji na farko na zauren wasanni na Louisiana Tech. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815163707/https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shekaru hudu bayan haka, an shigar da shi cikin zauren wasanni na jihar Louisiana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Bradshaw |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-bradshaw&pid=169435833&fhid=6175 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220182044/https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-bradshaw&pid=169435833&fhid=6175 |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |access-date=November 17, 2019 |website=[[The Times (Shreveport, Louisiana)|Shreveport Times]], February 2, 2014}}</ref> == Ayyukan NFL == A cikin shirin NFL na 1970, an zaɓi Bradshaw a matsayin na farko da Pittsburgh Steelers suka zaɓa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda ya sami zaɓi na farko a cikin shirin bayan ya lashe tsalle-tsalle na tsabar kudi tare da Chicago Bears tun lokacin da kungiyoyin suna da irin wannan rikodin 1-13 a shekarar 1969. An yaba wa Bradshaw a lokacin a matsayin lambar yarjejeniya ta farko. Bradshaw ya zama mai farawa a kakar wasa ta biyu bayan ya raba lokaci tare da Terry Hanratty a cikin kamfen dinsa na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815163707/https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football%20name%3ABradshaw%20Terry |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 'yan lokutan sa na farko, mai tsaron gida mai nauyin kilo 255, ya kasance mai saurin gaske kuma ya jefa mutane da yawa (ya jefa mutane 210 a cikin aikinsa), kuma kafofin watsa labarai sun yi masa ba'a saboda asalinsa na karkara da kuma rashin hankali.<ref name=":0"/> Bradshaw ya dauki yanayi da yawa don daidaitawa da NFL, amma daga ƙarshe ya jagoranci Steelers zuwa gasar zakarun [[AFC Central|AFC ta Tsakiya]] takwas da kuma sunayen Super Bowl hudu. Pittsburgh Steelers sun nuna tsaron "Steel Curtain" da kuma wani hari mai karfi wanda [[Franco Harris]] da [[Rocky Bleier]] suka jagoranta, amma hannun Bradshaw mai karfi ya ba su barazanar zurfin wucewa, yana taimakawa wajen sassauta masu tsaron adawa. A shekara ta [[1972 NFL season|1972]], ya jefa "Immaculate Reception" ga Franco Harris, daga cikin shahararrun wasanni a tarihin NFL, don doke Raiders a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na AFC Divisional.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815163707/https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta == 5ixz81tf6f9tu3fdxd0wdftktotwd2p 975503 975499 2026-11-03T09:03:45Z Zahrah0 14848 975503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Terry Paxton Bradshaw''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta alif 1948) tsohon dan wasan [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka wanda ya taka leda a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa (NFL) na tsawon shekaru 14 tare da Pittsburgh Steelers . Tun daga shekara ta alif 1994, ya kasance Mai sharhi kan wasanni na talabijin kuma mai karɓar bakuncin Fox NFL Sunday. Bradshaw kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mai yin rikodi, bayan ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa (musamman a matsayin kansa) da fina-finai, mafi mahimmanci tare da yin fim din Failure to Launch, da kuma sakin kundin kiɗa na ƙasa da yawa. An ba shi suna '''Blonde Bomber''', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815163707/https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |url-status=dead }}</ref> ya lashe Super Bowls hudu a cikin shekaru shida (1974, 1975, 1978, da 1979), ya zama na farko da ya lashe Super Bowl uku da hudu, kuma ya jagoranci Steelers zuwa gasar zakarun AFC ta Tsakiya takwas. An shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na Pro Football a shekara ta alif 1989, shekarar farko ta cancanta, da kuma Hall of Fame ta Kwalejin a shekarar alif 1996. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Bradshaw a Shreveport, Louisiana, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1948 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mahaifinsa, William Marvin "Bill" Bradshaw (1927-2014), ɗan asalin Sparta, Tennessee, tsohon soja ne na Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka, tsohon mataimakin shugaban masana'antu na Kamfanin Riley Beaird a Shreveport, kuma dan asalin Baptist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Bradshaw |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-bradshaw&pid=169435833&fhid=6175 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220182044/https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-bradshaw&pid=169435833&fhid=6175 |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |access-date=November 17, 2019 |website=[[The Times (Shreveport, Louisiana)|Shreveport Times]], February 2, 2014}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa, Novis (née Gay; 1929-2023), tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Clifford da Lula Gay na Red River Parish, Louisiana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FLW Fishing: Articles |url=http://www.flwoutdoors.com/article.cfm?id=143245 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126032447/http://www.flwoutdoors.com/article.cfm?id=143245 |archive-date=November 26, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reginald L. "Reggie" Gay obituary (Bradshaw's maternal uncle) |url=http://rose-neath.com/index.php/act_obituary_details/obituaryId_7186 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234225/http://rose-neath.com/index.php/act_obituary_details/obituaryId_7186 |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |access-date=April 24, 2013 |publisher=rose-neath.com}}</ref> Yana da babban ɗan'uwa, Gary, da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa، Craig.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 1, 2011 |title=Cooks at Home: Gary Bradshaw |url=https://ediblesarasota.ediblecommunities.com/recipes/cooks-home-gary-bradshaw |access-date=November 12, 2024 |website=www.ediblesarasota.ediblecommunities.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2024 |title=Steelers' Terry Bradshaw and Houston's Craig Bradshaw: On This Day in NFL History |url=https://heavy.com/sports/nfl/pittsburgh-steelers/2020/09/steelers-terry-bradshaw-vs-houstons-craig-bradshaw/ |access-date=November 12, 2024 |website=www.heavy.com}}</ref> A farkon yarinta, iyalin sun zauna a Camanche, Iowa, inda ya kafa burin yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Lokacin da yake matashi, Bradshaw ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Shreveport.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dan Smith, "Terry Bradshaw" (1989) |url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/coffin_corner/11-02-367.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021190834/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/coffin_corner/11-02-367.pdf |archive-date=October 21, 2013 |access-date=April 23, 2013 |publisher=profootballresearchers.org}}</ref> A can, ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Woodlawn, ya taka leda a karkashin mataimakin kocin A. L. Williams, kuma ya jagoranci Knights zuwa Gasar zakarun jihar AAA a shekarar 1965, amma ya rasa 12-9 ga Sulphur Golden Tornadoes. Yayinda yake a Woodlawn, ya kafa rikodin ƙasa don jefa javelin a {{Convert|245|ft|m|2}} ; ayyukansa sun ba shi wuri a cikin fasalin Sports Illustrated Faces in the Crowd. Wanda ya gaji Bradshaw a matsayin mai farawa na Woodlawn wani dan wasan NFL ne na gaba, Joe Ferguson na Buffalo Bills . <ref>{{Cite web |title=William Bradshaw |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-bradshaw&pid=169435833&fhid=6175 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220182044/https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-bradshaw&pid=169435833&fhid=6175 |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |access-date=November 17, 2019 |website=[[The Times (Shreveport, Louisiana)|Shreveport Times]], February 2, 2014}}</ref> Bradshaw's Steelers sun kayar da Ferguson's Bills a wasan kwaikwayo na 1974 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=FLW Fishing: Articles |url=http://www.flwoutdoors.com/article.cfm?id=143245 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126032447/http://www.flwoutdoors.com/article.cfm?id=143245 |archive-date=November 26, 2005}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == Bradshaw decided to attend Louisiana Tech University in Ruston, recruited in part by future Hall of Fame coach Jimmy Johnson. He has much affinity for his alma mater, and is a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity. Initially, he was second on the depth chart at quarterback behind Phil Robertson, who later became famous as the inventor of the Duck Commander duck call and television personality on the A&amp;amp;E program ''Duck Dynasty''.<ref name="lthtbpr">{{Cite web |last=Patterson |first=Chris |date=September 13, 2013 |title=Louisiana Tech honored Terry Bradshaw, Phil Robertson Thursday |url=http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/eye-on-college-football/23626584/louisiana-tech-honors-terry-bradshaw-phil-robertson-at-tulane-game |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006212913/http://www.cbssports.com/collegefootball/eye-on-college-football/23626584/louisiana-tech-honors-terry-bradshaw-phil-robertson-at-tulane-game |archive-date=October 6, 2013 |access-date=September 15, 2013 |website=CBS Sports}}</ref> Lokacin da ya isa Tech a shekarar 1966, Bradshaw ya haifar da tashin hankali a kafofin watsa labarai saboda sunansa a matsayin mai jin dadin kwallon kafa daga Shreveport da ke kusa.<ref name="Boys Life Nov 1979">{{Cite journal |last=Fox |first=Larry |date=November 1979 |title=Terry Bradshaw, Steel Drivin' Man |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zosfNeBq2B8C&pg=PA6 |url-status=live |journal=Boys' Life |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |volume=69 |issue=11 |pages=6–10 |issn=0006-8608 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603105159/https://books.google.com/books?id=zosfNeBq2B8C&pg=PA6 |archive-date=June 3, 2016 |access-date=January 2, 2017}}</ref><ref name="gabe">{{Cite web |last=Zaldivar |first=Gabe |date=April 1, 2013 |title="Duck Dynasty's" Phil Robertson Once Gave Terry Bradshaw Starting QB Spot |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1588651-duck-dynastys-phil-robertson-once-gave-terry-bradshaw-starting-qb-spot |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007003841/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1588651-duck-dynastys-phil-robertson-once-gave-terry-bradshaw-starting-qb-spot |archive-date=October 7, 2013 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Robertson ya kasance shekara guda a gaban Bradshaw, kuma ya kasance mai farawa na yanayi biyu a 1966 da 1967, kuma ya zaɓi kada ya yi wasa a 1968.<ref name="hprfsaf">{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Holly |date=March 22, 2012 |title=Duck Punt: How Phil Robertson found stardom after giving up football |url=http://college-football.si.com/2012/03/22/duck-punt-how-phil-robertson-found-stardom-after-giving-up-football/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927193118/http://college-football.si.com/2012/03/22/duck-punt-how-phil-robertson-found-stardom-after-giving-up-football/ |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |access-date=September 15, 2013 |website=Sports Illustrated Campus Union}}</ref> Kamar yadda Robertson ya ce: "Ina zuwa ga ducks, ku [Terry] na iya zuwa ga bucks. " A shekara ta 1969, yawancin masu fafutuka sun dauki Bradshaw a matsayin fitaccen dan wasan kwallon kafa na kwaleji a kasar. A matsayinsa na ƙarami a lokacin kakar 1968, ya tara jimlar yadudduka 2,890, matsayi na farko a cikin NCAA, kuma ya jagoranci tawagarsa zuwa rikodin 9-2 da nasarar 33-13 a kan Akron a cikin Rice Bowl. A cikin babban lokacinsa, ya sami yadudduka 2,314, matsayi na uku a cikin NCAA, kuma ya jagoranci tawagarsa zuwa rikodin 8-2. Ragewa a cikin samarwa yafi saboda tawagarsa ta buga wasanni 10 kawai a wannan shekarar, kuma an cire shi daga wasanni da yawa a rabi na biyu saboda tawagar sa ta gina babbar jagora. Bradshaw ya kammala karatu yana da kusan dukkanin rikodin Louisiana Tech a lokacin. A shekara ta 1970, Bradshaw ta sami lambar yabo ta Golden Plate na Kwalejin Achievement ta Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815163707/https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football%20name%3ABradshaw%20Terry |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1984, an shigar da shi cikin aji na farko na zauren wasanni na Louisiana Tech. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815163707/https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shekaru hudu bayan haka, an shigar da shi cikin zauren wasanni na jihar Louisiana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Bradshaw |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-bradshaw&pid=169435833&fhid=6175 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220182044/https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/shreveporttimes/obituary.aspx?n=william-bradshaw&pid=169435833&fhid=6175 |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |access-date=November 17, 2019 |website=[[The Times (Shreveport, Louisiana)|Shreveport Times]], February 2, 2014}}</ref> == Ayyukan NFL == A cikin shirin NFL na 1970, an zaɓi Bradshaw a matsayin na farko da Pittsburgh Steelers suka zaɓa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda ya sami zaɓi na farko a cikin shirin bayan ya lashe tsalle-tsalle na tsabar kudi tare da Chicago Bears tun lokacin da kungiyoyin suna da irin wannan rikodin 1-13 a shekarar 1969. An yaba wa Bradshaw a lokacin a matsayin lambar yarjejeniya ta farko. Bradshaw ya zama mai farawa a kakar wasa ta biyu bayan ya raba lokaci tare da Terry Hanratty a cikin kamfen dinsa na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815163707/https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football%20name%3ABradshaw%20Terry |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 'yan lokutan sa na farko, mai tsaron gida mai nauyin kilo 255, ya kasance mai saurin gaske kuma ya jefa mutane da yawa (ya jefa mutane 210 a cikin aikinsa), kuma kafofin watsa labarai sun yi masa ba'a saboda asalinsa na karkara da kuma rashin hankali.<ref name=":0"/> Bradshaw ya dauki yanayi da yawa don daidaitawa da NFL, amma daga ƙarshe ya jagoranci Steelers zuwa gasar zakarun [[AFC Central|AFC ta Tsakiya]] takwas da kuma sunayen Super Bowl hudu. Pittsburgh Steelers sun nuna tsaron "Steel Curtain" da kuma wani hari mai karfi wanda [[Franco Harris]] da [[Rocky Bleier]] suka jagoranta, amma hannun Bradshaw mai karfi ya ba su barazanar zurfin wucewa, yana taimakawa wajen sassauta masu tsaron adawa. A shekara ta [[1972 NFL season|1972]], ya jefa "Immaculate Reception" ga Franco Harris, daga cikin shahararrun wasanni a tarihin NFL, don doke Raiders a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na AFC Divisional.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terry Bradshaw: The Blonde Bomber |url=https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=www.pigskindispatch.com |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815163707/https://pigskindispatch.com/home/Player-Index/Player-T?myfav=myfav_482777bbcab080f4fd2383b2d4e88d3d_qNfO&k=football+name%3ABradshaw+Terry |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta == 92lili1j191g8hdyk7tb69md0cvl4ef 0 127721 975252 790766 2026-11-02T17:27:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Hope Oghenerukevbe Eghagha (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1959) [[farfesa]] ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] me wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi da Binciken wallafe-ballafen a Kwalejin Fasaha, [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]], a halin yanzu yana bincike kan ka'idar ban mamaki da zargi.<ref name="Eghagha1" /><ref name="Eghagha3" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wande |first=S.-Davies |date=2017-04-29 |title=Don advocates more use of arts, theatre to enhance development |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/don-advocates-use-arts-theatre-enhance-development/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Shi marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne, mawaki, marubuci, marubucin tarihin rayuwa kuma marubuci a cikin jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|The Guardian]]'' (Nijeriya). <ref name="Eghagha1">{{Cite web |last=Nigerian Universities Commission |date=2021 |title=Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf |website=www.education.gov.ng |page=138 |access-date=2026-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519012439/https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf |archive-date=2026-05-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Eghagha3">{{Cite web |title=CURRICULUM VITAE - HOPE EGHAGHA.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1US31IlJQ7J5YjrFjtIyLrxUl8DAB46Xf/view?usp=sharing&usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=}}</ref><ref name="Eghagha2">{{Cite web |last=Adiele |first=Promise |date=11 September 2019 |title=Tribute to Hope Eghagha at 60 |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/tribute-to-hope-eghagha-at-60/?expand_article=1 |website=[[The Sun (Nigeria)]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar labaran ra'ayi na jarida na mako-mako, yana bincika ƙalubale masu rikitarwa a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2018-03-12 |title=The death of compassion |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/the-death-of-compassion/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2022-06-23 |title=Democracy and money politics |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/opinion/democracy-and-money-politics/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214061240/https://editor.guardian.ng/opinion/democracy-and-money-politics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2022-06-05 |title=Edging towards the precipice |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/edging-towards-the-precipice/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Wasan farko na Eghagha, mai taken ''Mutuwa, Ba Mai Ceto ba'' (wanda aka buga a 1998), rubutu ne da aka ba da shawarar a jami'o'i da yawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Eghagha2"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wande |first=S.-Davies |date=2017-04-29 |title=Don advocates more use of arts, theatre to enhance development |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/don-advocates-use-arts-theatre-enhance-development/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2018-03-12 |title=The death of compassion |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/the-death-of-compassion/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Sauran wasansa sun hada da, Onawawi Shall Rise Again, Oily Marriage <ref name="Eghagha2" /> da Mothers and Son . <ref name="Eghagha2" /> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Guardian |date=2019-11-10 |title=Tragicosmogony, metatheatre in Eghagha's The Oily Marriage |url=https://guardian.ng/art/tragicosmogony-metatheatre-in-eghaghas-the-oily-marriage/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya rubuta tarin waƙoƙi daban-daban guda shida: <ref name="Eghagha2" /> Mama Dances Into the Night, Pepper in my Throat, Rhythms of the Last Testament, Premonitions and Other Dreams, The Governor's Lodge, da This Story Must Not Be Tell.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Ohwovoriole |first=F. E. |date=2013 |title=Navigating Oral and Literary Strategies in Hope Eghagha's Poetry. |url=http://ir.unilag.edu.ng:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2256 |journal=Cape Coast Journal of Humanities, University of Cape Coast, Ghana. |language=en |volume=5 |pages=127–144 |issn=2026-6634 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Eghagha3"/><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Prof. Hope EGHAGHA |url=http://staffprofile.unilag.edu.ng/?emd_person=prof-hope-eghagha |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Staff Profile |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kuma rubuta wani labari, Emperors of Salvation . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=African Books Collective: Emperors of Salvation |url=https://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/emperors-of-salvation#:~:text=by%20Hope%20Eghagha,fangs%20of%20the%20nations%20redeemers. |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=www.africanbookscollective.com}}</ref> Akwai wallafe-wallafe game da rubuce-rubucen Hope Eghagha, gami da rubutu mai mahimmanci mai taken In Theory and Practice, Engaging the Writings of Hope Eghaghagha, wanda Dr Patrick Oloko ya shirya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2022-06-23 |title=Democracy and money politics |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/opinion/democracy-and-money-politics/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214061240/https://editor.guardian.ng/opinion/democracy-and-money-politics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masana "a duk faɗin duniya" sun ambaci rubutun.[1] An nada Eghagha a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi mafi girma a Jihar Delta ta tsohon gwamnan Jihar Delta, Dokta Emmanuel Uduaghan, a watan Janairun 2009, yana aiki har zuwa Disamba 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wande |first=S.-Davies |date=2017-04-29 |title=Don advocates more use of arts, theatre to enhance development |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/don-advocates-use-arts-theatre-enhance-development/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2018-03-12 |title=The death of compassion |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/the-death-of-compassion/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2022-06-23 |title=Democracy and money politics |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/opinion/democracy-and-money-politics/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214061240/https://editor.guardian.ng/opinion/democracy-and-money-politics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2022-06-05 |title=Edging towards the precipice |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/edging-towards-the-precipice/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US}}</ref> An sake nada shi Kwamishinan Gwamnatin Jihar Delta daga Disamba 2014 zuwa Mayu 2015.<ref name="Eghagha3"/> Tsakanin lokacin da yake Kwamishina a shekarar 2012, an sace Eghagha amma ya sake samun 'yanci bayan kwanaki goma sha shida. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wande |first=S.-Davies |date=2017-04-29 |title=Don advocates more use of arts, theatre to enhance development |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/don-advocates-use-arts-theatre-enhance-development/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2018-03-12 |title=The death of compassion |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/the-death-of-compassion/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan gamuwa ya sa ya rubuta wani ɗan gajeren labari mai taken "Your Death Hour is 10 O"clock".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2022-06-23 |title=Democracy and money politics |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/opinion/democracy-and-money-politics/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214061240/https://editor.guardian.ng/opinion/democracy-and-money-politics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasance mukaddashin Dean Faculty of Arts Jami'ar Legas a 2015 kuma Shugaban Sashen Turanci, Jami'ar legas daga 2016 zuwa 2019. <ref name="Eghagha20">{{Cite web |last=The Nation |date=14 August 2016 |title=Eghagha Heads English Department at UNILAG |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/eghagha-heads-english-department-unilag/ |website=[[The Nation (Nigeria)]]}}</ref> Eghagha ta kula da digirin digirin digirgir da yawa kuma an sanya ta cikakken farfesa a shekarar 2010. Eghagha shi ne Colonel na girmamawa na [[Kentucky|Commonwealth na Kentucky]] US (1999) da kuma Kyaftin na girmamawa nke Belle na Louisville (1999). <ref name="Eghagha3" /><ref name="Eghagha">{{Cite web |title=Chapter Four {{!}} PDF {{!}} Nigeria {{!}} Leadership |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/609740701/Chapter-Four |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Scribd |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Hope Eghagha a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1959 a Burutu, Jihar Delta . Ya fito ne daga Mereje a yankin karamar hukumar Okpe na Jihar Delta . Ya fara karatu a Makarantar Zik Grammar Sapele, Jihar Delta a shekarar 1972. Bayan kammala karatunsa tare da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Yammacin Afirka (Division II) a shekara ta 1976, ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Baptist Port Harcourt, a Jihar Rivers. Ya kammala karatu tare da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Sakandare a shekarar 1978. Eghagha ta sami shiga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau a shekarar 1978. don nazarin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo. Ya sami digiri na BA (Hons) a shekarar 1982. Ya sami MA da Ph.D a Turanci daga Jami'ar Legas a 1984 da 1994 bi da bi. == Ayyuka == An nada Eghagha a matsayin furodusa tare da [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya]] ta Sokoto a lokacin shirinsa na [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|NYSC]] a shekarar 1982. A shekara ta 1985, an nada shi Mataimakin Mataimakin a Sashen Turanci, Jami'ar Legas . a shekarar 1988, ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Ondo, Ado Ekiti (yanzu Jami'ar Ado Ekiti) a matsayin Malami na II. Ya kasance Sakatare, Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ilimi ta Jami'o'i, Babi na Jami'ar Jihar Ondo da kuma mataimakin Dean, Faculty of Arts, Jami'ar Gwamnatin Ondo, Ado Ekiti daga 1993 zuwa 1994. A shekara ta 1994, ya koma Jami'ar Legas a matsayin Malami na I kuma ya girma har sai ya zama cikakken farfesa a shekara ta 2010. <ref name="Eghagha3"/> Daga 1999, ya fara ba da gudummawa a matsayin mai ba da labari ga jaridu na ''The Guardian'', yana rubuta ra'ayoyin da ke da niyyar canjin al'umma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wande |first=S.-Davies |date=2017-04-29 |title=Don advocates more use of arts, theatre to enhance development |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/don-advocates-use-arts-theatre-enhance-development/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> An nada Eghagha a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi mafi girma a Jihar Delta ta gwamnan Jihar Delta na lokacin, Dokta [[Emmanuel E. Uduaghan|Emmanuel Uduaghan]], a watan Janairun 2009. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014, an sake nada Eghagha a matsayin Kwamishinan Gwamnatin Jihar Delta, yana aiki har zuwa Mayu 2015. An nada shi a matsayin mukaddashin Dean Faculty of Arts University of Legas a watan Nuwamba 2015. A watan Agustan 2016, ya zama Shugaban, Sashen Turanci, Jami'ar Legas, yana aiki har zuwa 2019.<ref name="Eghagha3" /> A ranar 2 ga Mayu 2023, Gwamnan Jihar Delta na lokacin, Sheriff Oborevwori, ya kaddamar da kwamitin sauyawa na mutum 88 da aka kafa don shirya rantsar da shi a matsayin gwamna, a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2023. Eghagha ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren kwamitin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2018-03-12 |title=The death of compassion |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/the-death-of-compassion/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US}}</ref>&nbsp; == Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen == Hope Eghagha ya bayyana cewa shi "ɗan wallafe-wallafen [[J. P. Clark|JP Clark]] ne", <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wande |first=S.-Davies |date=2017-04-29 |title=Don advocates more use of arts, theatre to enhance development |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/don-advocates-use-arts-theatre-enhance-development/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> kuma kamar Clark, ya shiga cikin nau'o'i da yawa a cikin wallafe-walfinai. Ayyukansa na wallafe-wallafen sun hada da * Death, Not a Redeemer (wasan farko, wanda aka buga a 1998), wanda ya zama rubutun da aka ba da shawarar a jami'o'i da yawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Eghagha2"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wande |first=S.-Davies |date=2017-04-29 |title=Don advocates more use of arts, theatre to enhance development |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/don-advocates-use-arts-theatre-enhance-development/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ''Onawawi Za ta sake tashi'' (wasan), <ref name="Eghagha"/> * ''Aure mai ƙanshi'' (wasan kwaikwayo) * ''Iyaye Biyu da Ɗa'' (wasan) <ref name="Eghagha2" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2018-03-12 |title=The death of compassion |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/the-death-of-compassion/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Mama tana rawa cikin dare'' (waƙoƙi) * Petticoat Power (2016, waka) * ''Pepper a cikin makogwaro'' (waƙoƙi) * ''Rhythms na Alkawari na Ƙarshe'' (waƙoƙi) * Premonitions da Sauran Mafarki (waƙoƙi) * ''Gidan Gwamna'' (waƙoƙi) * Wannan Labarin Ba Dole ba ne a fada ba (waƙoƙi) <ref name="Eghagha2" /><ref name="Eghagha3"/> * Emperors of Ceto (littafi) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eghagha |first=Hope |date=2022-06-23 |title=Democracy and money politics |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/opinion/democracy-and-money-politics/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214061240/https://editor.guardian.ng/opinion/democracy-and-money-politics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''E.K. Clark: Hoton mai kishin kasa'' (2008, tarihin rayuwa) * ''F.M.O. Osifo: Daga Machine Boy zuwa Manajan Darakta'' (biography) == Kasancewa memba == Eghagha memba ne na [[Kwalejin nazarin Wasika ta Najeriya|Kwalejin Lissafi ta Najeriya]]; Ƙungiyar Folklore ta Najeriya; [[Kungiyar Marubuta ta Najeriya|Ƙungiyar Marubutan Najeriya]]; da Ƙungiyar Littattafan Afirka (ALA). <ref name="Eghagha3"/> == Karramawa == Gwamnatin Amurka ta ba Eghagha wata alaƙa don nazarin wallafe-wallafen Amurka na zamani a Jami'ar Louisville daga Yuni zuwa Agusta 1999. <ref name="Eghagha3"/> A shekara ta 1999, an kuma ba shi suna Kyaftin na girmamawa na Belle na Louisville da kuma Colonel na girmamawa ta [[Kentucky|Commonwealth na Kentucky]], Amurka. A shekara ta 2007, an ba shi kyautar Ford Foundation don tafiya zuwa Amurka, Afirka ta Kudu, da Nairobi don gabatar da waƙoƙinsa da kuma yada Black Orphans. Ya kuma sami ambaton girmamawa a cikin 2007 Pat Utom Award for Literary Excellence . <ref name="Eghagha"/> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Hope Eghagha ya auri matarsa Patricia a 1984 kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya hudu da jikoki da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wande |first=S.-Davies |date=2017-04-29 |title=Don advocates more use of arts, theatre to enhance development |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/don-advocates-use-arts-theatre-enhance-development/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Delta]] sdetn8v5ke2y2128jinnm0n03tnb8vh 0 128587 975470 882941 2026-11-03T06:10:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Graham Frederick Richardson''' (27 Satumba 1949 - 8 Nuwamba 2025) ɗan siyasan Jam'iyyar Labour ta Australiya ne wanda ya kasance dan majalisar dattijai na New South Wales daga 1983 zuwa 1994 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin ministar majalisar ministoci a duka gwamnatocin Hawke da Keating. Daga baya ya kasance mai sharhi kan kafafen yada labarai, mai magana da yawun jama'a kuma mai ra'ayin siyasa. A lokacin da yake majalisar dattijai, ana yawan kiran Richardson a matsayin "dillali mai ƙarfi" a cikin ƙungiyar 'Yancin Ma'aikata.<ref>http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/change-in-the-air-as-labor-thinks-defeat/story-e6frg6zo-1225878638970 {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kafin shiga majalisar, Richardson ya kasance mai shirya reshen jam'iyyar Labour kuma shine babban sakatare na reshen New South Wales na jam'iyyar daga 1976 zuwa 1983.<ref>https://handbook.aph.gov.au/parliamentarians/4E4</ref> Bayan ya yi ritaya daga siyasa, Richardson ya zama mai sharhi kan harkokin siyasa na Sky News [[Asturaliya|Australia]]. Ya taba karbar bakuncin shirin sharhi na mako-mako Richo. <ref>http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/media/media-diary/mark-latham-joins-alan-jones-on-sky-news-weekly-show/news-story/6b23a1219dd6ce1292b7c5f8d09cfb60 {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Tonight</ref> ==Rayuwar farko== Graham Richardson an haife shi ne a [[Sydney]] a ranar 27 ga Satumba 1949 kuma shine ɗayan da ya tsira.<ref name=":0">The fixer: the untold story of Graham Richardson</ref> 3  na Frederick "Fred" James Richardson da Catherine "Peggy" Maud Richardson (née Graham), waɗanda, bi da bi, sakatariyar jihar New South Wales kuma manajan ofis na Amalgamated Postal and Telecommunications. Ya girma Katolika, ya sami tasiri a lokacin da yake matashi ta fadace-fadacen bangare da suka taso a lokacin rarrabuwar kawuna na 1955.<ref>https://biography.senate.gov.au/richardson-graham-frederick</ref>: 5–12  Shekarunsa na farko na makaranta ya faru a Makarantar Firamare ta St Raphael da ke Hurstville da Kwalejin Marist Kogarah.<ref>Wilkinson, Marian (1966). The fixer: the untold story of Graham Richardson. Port Melbourne: William Heinemann Australia. ISBN 0855616857.</ref> A watan Nuwamba 1965, ya ji rauni mai tsanani a wani hatsarin mota, inda mahaifinsa ke tuki, a gadar Tom Uglys a Dolls Point, wanda ya haifar da cire masa baki, tsagewar hanji da kuma dinki 200 a fuskarsa. Halin da yake ciki ya yi tsanani, har ya kai ga yin ibadar karshe a lokuta biyu a asibiti.<ref name=":0" />: 12  Daga baya ya tuna: ==Rayuwa ta sirri, lafiya da mutuwa== '''Iyali''' Richardson ya yi aure sau biyu. Aurensa na farko shine Cheryl Ruth Gardner a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1973 a wurin almajirinsa.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/nov/08/graham-richardson-dies-richo-former-labor-party-powerbroker-dead-at-76</ref> Tare suna da 'ya'ya biyu, dansu Matthew da 'yar Kate<ref name=":1" />.<ref>https://www.smh.com.au/national/labor-heavyweight-s-knack-for-courting-controversy-undercut-his-ministerial-achievements-20210512-p57r8l.html</ref>Ya auri Amanda Richardson a shekara ta 2007, wadda suka haifi ɗa mai suna D'Arcy.<ref>https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australian-federal-election-2016-wheelchairbound-graham-richardson-returns-to-tv-20160702-gpx4pb.html</ref> '''Lafiya da cututtuka''' An gano Richardson a cikin 1999 tare da chondrosarcoma, ciwon daji na kashi, kuma an cire manyan ciwace-ciwace guda biyar a cikin ayyuka uku, na ƙarshe a cikin 2012. Watanni bakwai na [[chemotherapy]] ya kasa rage wani ƙari a bangon ƙashinsa. Likitocinsa sun damu cewa yayin da ya girma zai iya mamaye sassan jikinsa. Sun gaya masa cewa yana buƙatar tiyata mai tsauri, wanda aka sani da exenteration pelvic. An ruwaito Richardson yana cewa: "Sun ce duk ya kamata ya fito - hanji, mafitsara, prostate, dubura - kuri'a.". A cikin Afrilu 2016, Richardson ya yi murabus na ɗan lokaci daga shirye-shiryensa na Sky News guda biyu don yin babban tiyata Makonni bayan da aka yi masa tiyata, an ba da rahoton cewa ya sha wahalar numfashi kuma an mayar da shi sashin kula da lafiya. Richardson ya koma Sky News bayan watanni biyu na farfadowa bayan tiyata a cikin lokaci don rufe zaben tarayya na 2016 akan 2 Yuli 2016.<ref>https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australian-federal-election-2016-wheelchairbound-graham-richardson-returns-to-tv-20160702-gpx4pb.html</ref> Richardson ya mutu a gidansa na Sydney da misalin karfe 3:50 na safe ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 2025, yana da shekaru 76 bayan kamuwa da mura da ciwon huhu.[8m Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Ostiraliya ta ba da jana'izar Richardson, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2025 a Sydney. ====MANAZARTA==== n6l67l495g8r211cvfer92vvj7ahvgt 0 130296 975288 839907 2026-11-02T18:09:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fausto Veranzio'''<ref name="treccani enciclopedia">{{Cite web |last=Eleonora Zuliani |title=Veranzio, Fausto |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/fausto-veranzio_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/#:~:text=VERANZIO%2C%20Fausto.,morto%20a%20Venezia%20nel%201617.&text=Scrisse%20anche%20una%20storia%20d,dove%20desider%C3%B2%20di%20essere%20trasportato. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210305112847/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/fausto-veranzio_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/#:~:text=VERANZIO%2C%20Fausto.,morto%20a%20Venezia%20nel%201617.&text=Scrisse%20anche%20una%20storia%20d,dove%20desider%C3%B2%20di%20essere%20trasportato. |archive-date=5 March 2021 |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=[[Enciclopedia Italiana]]}}</ref> (Latin: Faustus Verantius; Croatian: Faust Vrančić; Hungarian and Vernacular Latin: ''Verancsics Faustus''; {{Abbr|c.|circa}} 1551 – 20 January 1617) was a Croatian polymath, diplomat and bishop from Šibenik, then part of the Republic of Venice. He is a scientist recognised for his genius as both a Croatian and as a Croatian-Hungarian.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1797. október 22. Az első ejtőernyős ugrás |url=https://old.rubicon.hu/magyar/oldalak/1797_oktober_22_az_elso_ejtoernyos_ugras |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=old.rubicon.hu |archive-date=2024-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620133852/https://old.rubicon.hu/magyar/oldalak/1797_oktober_22_az_elso_ejtoernyos_ugras |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungaricum |first=Forum |title=Megidézik Verancsics Faustus alakját is |url=http://forumhungaricum.hu/kulturkincs/megidezik-verancsics-faustus-alakjat-is/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Forum Hungaricum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adél |first=Gál |date=2014-01-28 |title=Magyar feltalálók: Verancsics János és a repülés |url=https://karpatalja.ma/sorozatok/magyar-feltalalok/magyar-feltalalok-verancsics-janos-es-a-repules/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Kárpátalja.ma |language=hu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=M. Zemplén |first=Jolán |date=1967 |title=A technikai fejlődés magyar-dalmát úttörője, Verancsics Faustus |journal=Élet és Tudomány |issue=22 |pages=1894}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=VERANCSICS FAUSTUS |url=https://tudosnaptar.kfki.hu/v/e/verancsics/verancsicspant.html |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=tudosnaptar.kfki.hu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620133842/https://tudosnaptar.kfki.hu/v/e/verancsics/verancsicspant.html |archive-date=2024-06-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lelépő |date=2023-01-19 |title=A várkapitányból lett "veszprémi da Vinci", aki feltalálta az ejtőernyőt |url=https://lelepo.hu/verancsics-faustus/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Lelépő |language=hu}}</ref> == Rayuwa == === Tarihin iyali === [[Fayil:Antun_Vrancic_by_Martin_Rota.jpg|right|thumb|183x183px|Kakan Fausto, Antonio, wanda Martin Rota ya zana.]] An haifi Fausto a [[Šibenik|Sebenico]] (Šibenik), Venetian Dalmatia a cikin dangin Croatian na Count Michele / Mihovil Vrančić (Veranzio) da Katarina [[Berislavić family of Trogir|Berislavić]] . <ref name="Soric2">{{Cite journal |last=Sorić |first=Diana |date=2014 |title=Obiteljski korespondenti Antuna Vrančića (1504.-1573.): Biografski podaci i lokacija rukopisne građe |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/193830 |journal=Povijesni prilozi |volume=33 |issue=47 |pages=41–42, 44–45}}</ref> Mahaifinsa mawaki ne na Latin, yayin da kawunsa [[Antun Vrančić]], <ref name="Soric2" /> [[Archbishop of Esztergom|babban bishop na Esztergom]] (1504-1573), jami'in [[Mai wanzar da zaman lafiya|diflomasiyya]] kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati, wanda ke hulɗa da [[Erasmus]] (1465-1536), [[Philip Melanchthon]] (1497-1560), da [[Nikola IV Zrinski]] (1508-1566), wanda ya kula da ilimin Fausto kuma daga baya ya yi tafiya tare da shi yayin wasu tafiye-tafiye na Antun ta [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Hungary]] da [[Republic of Venice|Jamhuriyar Venice]]. Faust yana da ɗan'uwa Kazimir (1557-1637). <ref name="Soric2" /> === Ilimi da ayyukan siyasa === Yayinda yake matashi, a karkashin kulawar Antun, <ref name="Soric">{{Cite journal |last=Sorić |first=Diana |date=2014 |title=Obiteljski korespondenti Antuna Vrančića (1504.-1573.): Biografski podaci i lokacija rukopisne građe |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/193830 |journal=Povijesni prilozi |volume=33 |issue=47 |pages=41–42, 44–45}}</ref> Veranzio yana da sha'awar kimiyya. Yayinda yake yaro, ya koma [[Venezia|Venice]], inda ya halarci makaranta, sannan zuwa Padua don shiga Jami'ar, inda ya mai da hankali kan [[doka]], kimiyyar lissafi, [[Injinia.|injiniya]] da injiniya. A kotun Sarki Rudolf II, a gidan sarauta na Hradčany a [[Prag|Prague]], Veranzio ya kasance shugaban Hungary da Transylvania, sau da yawa yana hulɗa da [[Johannes Kepler]] da [[Tycho Brahe]]. Bayan mutuwar matarsa, Veranzio ya tafi Hungary. A shekara ta 1598, ya sami taken [[Cenad|Csanád]]" id="mwnw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Diocese of Csanád">bishop na Csanád (''Episcŏpus Csanadiensis'') ''a cikin partibus'' (ko da yake bai taɓa sa ƙafa a Csanád ba). A shekara ta 1609, ya dawo Venice, ya shiga ƙungiyar Paul na Tarsus (barnabites) kuma ya ba da kansa ga nazarin kimiyya. Veranzio ya mutu a shekara ta 1617 a Venice kuma an binne shi a Dalmatia, kusa da gidan danginsa a tsibirin Prvić . == Polymath da mai kirkiro == Ayyukan Veranzio, ''Machinae Novae'' (Venice 1615 ko 1616), ya ƙunshi manyan hotuna 49 da ke nuna injuna daban-daban 56, wasu na'urori, da ra'ayoyi fasaha. == Manazarta == febwcjgwfd2x1mtdael7pcu7v7i6yuo 0 131079 975197 829282 2026-11-02T15:51:52Z Salma Raddah 45959 975197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Padinjarethalakal Cherian Alexander''' (20 Maris 1921 - 10 Agusta 2011) ya kasance jami'in gudanarwa na Indiya na 1948 wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Gwamnan Tamil Nadu daga 1988 zuwa 1990 kuma a matsayin Gwamna na Maharashtra daga 1993 zuwa 2002. An dauke shi a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasar Indiya a shekarar 2002. A lokacin da yake Maharashtra, yana da ƙarin alhakin [[Goa]] daga 1996 zuwa 1998. Ya kuma kasance memba na Rajya Sabha wanda ke wakiltar Maharashtra a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa daga 29 ga Yuli 2002 zuwa 2 ga Afrilu 2008.<ref name="rajya">{{Cite web |title=Members Page:Dr. P. C. Alexander |url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx |access-date=2014-02-03 |publisher=Rajya Sabha website}}</ref> Ayyukansa sun haɗa da tsawo tare da Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da Indiya da kuma nadin da ya yi a matsayin Babban Sakatare mai iko ga Firayim Minista na Indiya a lokacin shekarunsa tare da Indira Gandhi. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Indiya a Kotun St. James. Tarihin kansa shine Ta hanyar Corridors of Power. Sauran ayyukansa sun hada da ''Shekaru tare da Indira Gandhi'', The Perils of Democracy, da Indiya a cikin Sabon Millennium . == Tarihin iyali, farkon rayuwa da asali == [[Fayil:The_Governor_of_Maharashtra,_Shri_P._C._Alexander_calling_on_the_President_of_India,_Shri_K._R._Narayanan_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan.jpg|thumb|Gwamnan Maharashtra, Shri P. C. Alexander ya kira Shugaban Indiya, Shri K. R. Narayanan a Rashtrapati Bhavan]] An haifi P. C. Alexander a wani shahararren ahalin Malankara Orthodox Kirista Padinjarethalakal a ranar 20 ga Maris 1921 ga P. J. Cherian da Mariamma.<ref>[http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=206422 ഡോ.പി.സി.അലക്‌സാണ്ടര്‍ അന്തരിച്ചു - Latest News - Mathrubhumi] {{Webarchive}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Bishop Hodges, kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a Tarihi da Tattalin Arziki daga Jami'ar Travancore (yanzu Jami'ar Kerala). A wannan lokacin ya kuma kasance Shugaban, kungiyar daliban Jami'ar Travancore.<ref name="rajya"/> == Ayyuka == Alexander ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ma'aikacin gwamnati a 1949, ya shiga IAS a ranar 15 ga Oktoba na wannan shekarar a matsayin jami'in gaggawa.[1] Ya rike manyan mukamai da yawa a lokacin aikinsa, kuma ya shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a. Alexander ita ce babban sakatare ga Indira Gandhi kuma kusan ta yi aiki a matsayin inuwa da mai ba da shawara kan manufofi na shekaru bayan dawowarta mulki a watan Janairun 1980. A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1985, ya yi murabus a matsayin Babban Sakataren Firayim Minista Rajiv Gandhi saboda abin kunya na leken asiri na Coomar Narain inda sakatarensa na sirri TN Kher, mataimakinsa Malhotra da sauransu ya kasance yana da hannu a samar da manyan takardun tsaro da tsaro na Coomar Нараin wanda ya kasance dan kasuwa ne na Bombay tare da ƙungiyar masana'antu ta Maneklal wacce ke da hannu a cikin kwangilar soja ta gwamnati.<ref name=":01">{{Cite web |title=Coomar Narain News Photo Coomar Narain (centre), a busi... |url=https://timescontent.timesgroup.com/photo/news/Coomar-Narain/135885 |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Times Of India |language=English }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An sanya tushen Coomar Narain a cikin hukumomin gwamnati daban-daban kuma an bayyana shi lokacin da Ofishin leken asiri ya fara sa ido kan ma'aikatan gwamnati da jami'an diflomasiyya da yawa. Narain ya ba da bayanai masu mahimmanci wanda ya haɗa da takardun tsaro na Indiya da na ciki ga manyan manyan kasashe kamar Faransa da Tarayyar Soviet waɗanda suka kasance manyan masu samar da tsaro ga Indiya. <ref>[http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=206422 ഡോ.പി.സി.അലക്‌സാണ്ടര്‍ അന്തരിച്ചു - Latest News - Mathrubhumi] {{Webarchive}}</ref><ref name=":01" /><ref>[http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=206422 ഡോ.പി.സി.അലക്‌സാണ്ടര്‍ അന്തരിച്ചു - Latest News - Mathrubhumi] {{Webarchive}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2kcd9t5sqpgmooifw54t9ar1oo9meid 0 132173 975404 785381 2026-11-02T23:49:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''George Arthur Akerlof''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1940) masanin tattalin arziki ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma farfesa a jami'a a Makarantar Manufofin Jama'a ta McCourt a Jami'ar Georgetown da kuma Farfesa Koshland na Tattalin Arziki na Farko a Jami'ar California, Berkeley . <ref name="heavy">{{Cite web |last=Laviola |first=Erin |date=May 11, 2021 |title=Janet Yellen's Husband, George Akerlof: 5 Fast Facts |url=https://heavy.com/news/janet-yellen-husband-george-akerlof/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328184324/https://heavy.com/news/janet-yellen-husband-george-akerlof/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |access-date=May 12, 2021 |website=heavy.com}}</ref> An ba Akerlof kyautar tunawa da Nobel ta 2001 a Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki, tare da Michael Spence da Joseph Stiglitz, "saboda nazarinsu kan kasuwanni masu bayanai marasa daidaito." Shi ne mijin tsohuwar Sakataren Baitulmalin Amurka Janet Yellen . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Akerlof a New Haven, Connecticut, a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1940. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Rosalie Clara Grubber (née Hirschfelder), matar gida 'yar asalin Jamusawa Bayahudiya, kuma mahaifinsa shi ne Gösta Carl Åkerlöf, masanin sinadarai kuma mai ƙirƙira, wanda baƙon Sweden ne. George yana da ɗan'uwansa, Carl, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Michigan . <ref name="Nobel" /> Akerlof ya halarci Makarantar Ranar Princeton, kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Lawrenceville a shekarar 1958. Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Yale a shekarar 1962, kuma ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin tattalin arziki daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) a shekarar 1966. <ref name="heavy"/> An yi masa taken digirinsa na farko ''Albashi da Jari'' a ƙarƙashin kulawar Robert Solow, wani masanin tattalin arziki wanda daga baya zai sami kyautar tunawa da Nobel. == Aikin ilimi == Bayan ya sami digirin digirgir, Akerlof ya shiga jami'ar California, Berkeley, a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a fannin tattalin arziki, kodayake ya koyar na tsawon shekara ɗaya kacal kafin ya koma Indiya. A shekarar 1967, ya yi wani lokaci a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a Cibiyar Kididdiga ta Indiya (ISI) da ke New Delhi kuma ya koma Amurka a watan Satumbar 1968. Daga nan Akerlof ya zama farfesa a Berkeley kuma ya kaɗa ƙuri'ar neman mukamin aiki a jami'ar. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban masanin tattalin arziki a Majalisar Masu Ba da Shawara kan Tattalin Arziki ta Fadar White House (CEA) daga 1973 zuwa 1974. A shekarar 1977, Akerlof ya yi shekara guda a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki mai ziyara a Hukumar Gwamnonin Tarayya a Washington, DC inda ya haɗu da matar sa ta gaba kuma marubuciya, Janet Yellen . <ref name="heavy"/> Bayan haka yana fatan a ɗaukaka shi zuwa cikakken farfesa, duk da haka, sashen tattalin arziki na Berkeley ya kasa naɗa shi. Daga nan Akerlof da Yellen suka koma Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London (LSE) a shekarar 1978, inda ya karɓi muƙami mai daraja a matsayin Farfesan Kuɗi da Banki na Cassel, yayin da ita kuma ta karɓi lakca ta wa'adin aiki. Sun zauna a Burtaniya na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin su koma Amurka. <ref name="Nobel" /> A shekarar 1980, Akerlof ya zama Farfesa na Goldman a fannin tattalin arziki a Berkeley kuma ya koyar a can tsawon mafi yawan aikinsa. <ref name="heavy"/> A shekarar 1997, ya ɗauki hutu daga Berkeley don raka matarsa lokacin da aka naɗa ta shugabar Majalisar Masu Ba da Shawara kan Tattalin Arziki (CEA). A Washington, Akerlof ya fara aiki a Cibiyar Brookings a matsayin babban jami'i. Dukansu sun koma koyarwa a UC Berkeley a shekarar 1999. Akerlof ya ci gaba da kasancewa memba mai himma a jami'ar har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Farfesa na Tattalin Arziki na Koshland a shekarar 2010. Bayan haka, ya sake komawa Washington lokacin da Yellen ya tabbatar wa Hukumar Kula da Asusun Tarayya. <ref name="FedLove">{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Marilyn W. |author-link=Marilyn W. Thompson |last2=Spicer |first2=Jonathan |date=September 29, 2013 |title=A Fed love story: Janet Yellen meets her match |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-fed-yellen/a-fed-love-story-janet-yellen-meets-her-match-idUSBRE98S07N20130929 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125003341/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-fed-yellen/a-fed-love-story-janet-yellen-meets-her-match-idUSBRE98S07N20130929 |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |access-date=September 30, 2013 |website=reuters.com}}</ref> Akerlof ya sami mukamin malami mai ziyara a Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF) daga 2010 zuwa 2014 kuma ya shiga Makarantar Manufofin Jama'a ta McCourt a Jami'ar Georgetown a matsayin farfesa a jami'a a 2014. == Gudummawa ga tattalin arziki == [[Fayil:ASSA 2025 - George Akerlof 01.jpg|thumb|Akerlof yana jawabi a AEA 2025]] === "Kasuwar Lemon" da bayanai marasa daidaituwa === Wataƙila Akerlof ya fi shahara da labarinsa, " Kasuwar Lemu: Rashin Tabbas da Tsarin Kasuwa ", wanda aka buga a cikin ''Mujallar Tattalin Arziki ta Kwata'' a 1970, inda ya gano wasu matsaloli masu tsanani da ke addabar kasuwanni waɗanda ke da alaƙa da bayanai marasa daidaituwa, takardar da aka ba shi kyautar tunawa da Nobel. A cikin ''Tsarin Albashi Mai Inganci na Kasuwar Ma'aikata'', Akerlof da marubuciyarsa/matarsa, Janet Yellen sun gabatar da dalilai na hasashen albashin inganci inda ma'aikata ke biyan sama da albashin share kasuwa, wanda ya saɓa wa ƙarshen tattalin arzikin neoclassical . Wannan aikin ya gabatar da wasan musayar kyauta ga tattalin arziki. === Tattalin arziki na asali === Akerlof da abokin hulɗa Rachel Kranton na Jami'ar Duke sun gabatar da asalin zamantakewa a cikin nazarin tattalin arziki na yau da kullun, suna ƙirƙirar fannin tattalin arziki na asali . Akerlof da Kranton suna jayayya cewa mutane ba su da fifiko kawai akan kayayyaki da ayyuka daban-daban. Hakanan suna bin [[Hanyar zamantakewa|ƙa'idodin zamantakewa]] don yadda mutane daban-daban ya kamata su yi. Ka'idojin suna da alaƙa da asalin zamantakewa na mutum. Waɗannan ra'ayoyin sun fara bayyana a cikin labarinsu "Tattalin Arziki da Identity", wanda aka buga a cikin ''Mujallar Tattalin Arziki ta Kwata'' a 2000. === Girgizar fasahar haihuwa === A ƙarshen shekarun 1970, ra'ayoyin Akerlof sun jawo hankalin wasu daga ɓangarorin biyu na muhawarar game da [[zubar da ciki]] bisa doka. A cikin labaran da suka bayyana a cikin ''Jaridar Tattalin Arziki ta Quarterly'', <ref>{{Citation|last3=Janet Yellen|last1=amp}}</ref> ''Jaridar Tattalin Arziki'', da sauran dandali, Akerlof ya bayyana wani lamari da ya kira " ''mamaki na fasahar haihuwa.'' " Ya yi iƙirarin cewa sabbin fasahohin da suka taimaka wajen haifar da juyin juya halin jima'i na ƙarshen ƙarni na 20, hana ɗaukar ciki na zamani da zubar da ciki bisa doka, ba wai kawai sun gaza wajen dakile faruwar haihuwar ' ya'ya ba, har ma sun yi aiki don ƙara shi. A cewar Akerlof, ga matan da ba su yi amfani da su ba, waɗannan fasahohin sun fi canza tsohon yanayin zato na zamantakewa da jima'i, tsammanin, da halaye ta hanyoyin da ba su da kyau. Misali, samuwar zubar da ciki bisa doka yanzu ya ba wa maza damar ɗaukar 'ya'yansu a matsayin samfurin da aka yi niyya na zaɓin mace maimakon a matsayin haɗin gwiwa na jima'i. Don haka, ya ƙarfafa iyaye maza su ƙi ba kawai ra'ayin wajibcin auren uwa ba har ma da ra'ayin wajibcin uba. Duk da cewa Akerlof bai ba da shawarar yin amfani da takunkumin doka kan zubar da ciki ko kuma samuwar magungunan hana daukar ciki ba, binciken ya nuna goyon baya ga waɗanda suka yi hakan. Don haka, wani malami mai alaƙa da ra'ayoyin siyasa masu ra'ayin sassauci da na 'yan Democrat ya samu yabo daga masu sharhi da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da na Republican. === Satar kuɗi === A shekarar 1993, Akerlof da Paul Romer sun buga "Looting: The Economic Underworld of Bankruptcy for Profit", suna bayyana yadda a wasu sharuɗɗa, masu kamfanoni za su yanke shawarar cewa ya fi riba a gare su da kansu su 'kwace' kamfanin su 'cire ƙima' daga gare shi maimakon ƙoƙarin sa ya girma ya kuma bunƙasa. Misali:<blockquote>Fatara don riba zai faru idan rashin ingantaccen lissafin kuɗi, rashin bin ƙa'idodi, ko ƙarancin hukunci na cin zarafi ya ba masu shi kwarin gwiwar biyan kansu fiye da yadda kamfanoninsu ke buƙata sannan ya kasa biyan basussukansu. Fatara don riba yakan faru ne lokacin da gwamnati ta ba da garantin bashin kamfani. </blockquote> === Al'ada da tattalin arziki na macro === A jawabinsa na shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2007 ga Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Amurka, Akerlof ya gabatar da ƙa'idodi na halitta waɗanda masu yanke shawara ke da su game da yadda ya kamata su yi aiki, kuma ya nuna yadda irin waɗannan ƙa'idodi za su iya bayyana bambance-bambance tsakanin ka'ida da gaskiyar da aka lura game da tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Akerlof ya gabatar da sabon ajanda ga tattalin arzikin ƙasa, yana amfani da ƙa'idodin zamantakewa don bayyana halayen tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin tare da Gary Becker a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa tattalin arzikin zamantakewa . Shi amintaccen Masana Tattalin Arziki ne na Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro kuma darakta ne na Shirin Hulɗa da Jama'a, Identity da Well-Being a Cibiyar Bincike ta Kanada (CIFAR). Yana cikin kwamitin ba da shawara na Cibiyar Tunanin Tattalin Arziki ta Sabuwar . An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1985. <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=April 6, 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> Saboda aikinsa da gudummawarsa ga tattalin arziki da falsafa, an ba shi lakcoci na uku na Witten a fannin tattalin arziki da falsafa a Jami'ar Witten/Herdecke a shekarar 2009. <ref>{{Citation|last3=Janet Yellen|last1=amp}}</ref> == Ra'ayin Siyasa == A watan Yunin 2024, mutane 16 da suka lashe kyautar Nobel a fannin tattalin arziki, ciki har da Akerlof, sun sanya hannu kan wata buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa da ke jayayya cewa manufofin kuɗi da na kasuwanci na Donald Trump tare da ƙoƙarin iyakance 'yancin kai na Babban Bankin Tarayya za su sake farfaɗo da hauhawar farashin kaya a Amurka. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Akerlof ya yi auren ɗan lokaci da wani mai gine-gine, Kay Leong; sun yi aure a shekarar 1974 kuma suka sake shi bayan shekaru uku, bayan bai sami ci gaba zuwa cikakken matsayin farfesa a Berkeley ba. Bayan rabuwar su, Kay ya koma New York ya sake auren wani mai gine-gine. A shekarar 1978, Akerlof ya auri Janet Yellen, masanin tattalin arziki wanda ya kasance tsohuwar Sakataren Baitulmalin Amurka kuma tsohuwar shugabar Babban Bankin Tarayya, da kuma farfesa mai ritaya a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Haas ta Berkeley. <ref name="CNN">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=December 3, 2020 |title=Janet Yellen Fast Facts |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/25/us/janet-yellen-fast-facts/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204103138/https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/25/us/janet-yellen-fast-facts/index.html |archive-date=December 4, 2020 |access-date=December 4, 2020 |website=CNN}}</ref> <ref name="Berkeley">{{Cite web |date=2013-09-25 |title=Janet Yellen Fact Sheet |url=http://newsroom.haas.berkeley.edu/article/janet-yellen-fact-sheet |access-date=2014-10-25 |publisher=Berkeley-Haas}}</ref> Suna da ɗa ɗaya mai suna Robert, wani masanin tattalin arziki wanda aka haifa a shekarar 1981, wanda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki da lissafi daga Jami'ar Yale a shekarar 2003 sannan aka ba shi digirin digirgir a fannin tattalin arziki daga [[Jami'ar Harvard]] a shekarar 2009. Robert ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 14 a matsayin mataimakin farfesa kuma farfesa a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Warwick, da farko ya shafe shekaru biyu yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin digiri na uku a MIT bayan kammala karatun digirin digirgir. <ref name="R.AkerlofCV">{{Cite web |title=Robert Akerlof Resume |url=http://www.robertakerlof.com/download/-akerlof-cv-october-2018-v2.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413060600/http://www.robertakerlof.com/download/-akerlof-cv-october-2018-v2.pdf |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |access-date=March 13, 2021 |website=robertakerlof.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, ya zama cikakken farfesa a fannin tattalin arziki a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta UNSW da ke Sydney. <ref name="R.AkerlofCV2">{{Cite web |title=Robert Akerlof Resume |url=https://robertakerlof.com/download/akerlof-cv-september-2025.pdf |access-date=October 11, 2025 |website=robertakerlof.com}}</ref> Akerlof yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka sanya hannu a cikin wani taƙaitaccen bayani na ''amici curiae'' na 2018 wanda ya nuna goyon baya ga Harvard a cikin ƙarar da aka shigar ta ''Students for Fair Admissions da President and Fellows of Harvard College'' . <ref name="HarvardAdmissions">{{Cite web |title=Amicus brief – Economics Professors |url=https://www.harvard.edu/admissionscase/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/08/Amicus-Brief-Economics-Professors.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003061252/https://www.harvard.edu/admissionscase/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2022/08/Amicus-Brief-Economics-Professors.pdf |archive-date=October 3, 2022 |access-date=October 2, 2022 |website=harvard.edu |publisher=Harvard University}}</ref> Sauran waɗanda suka sanya hannu a cikin takardar sun haɗa da Alan B. Krueger, Cecilia E. Rouse, Robert M. Solow, Janet L. Yellen, da kuma wasu da yawa. <ref name="HarvardAdmissions" /> == Littattafan tarihi == *   * Akerlof, George A., and Janet Yellen. 1986. ''Efficiency Wage Models of the Labor Market''. Orlando, Fla.: Academic Press. * Akerlof, George A., Romer, Paul M., Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, "Looting: The Economic Underworld of Bankruptcy for Profit" Vol. 1993, No. 2 (1993), pp.&nbsp;1–73<ref name="nyu">{{Cite web |last=George A. Akerlof and Paul M. Romer |date=23 December 2007 |title=Looting: The Economic Underworld of Bankruptcy for Profit |url=http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~promer/Looting.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220040926/http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~promer/Looting.pdf |archive-date=2018-02-20 |access-date=2014-10-25}}</ref> * Akerlof, George A. 2000. "Economics and Identity," ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'', 115(3), pp. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210125/http://www.popeconomics.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/economicsandidentity.pdf 715–53.] * Akerlof, George A. 2005. ''Explorations in Pragmatic Economics'', Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0199253906}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0199253906|<bdi>978-0199253906</bdi>]]. * Akerlof, George A. 2005. "Identity and the Economics of Organizations," ''Journal of Economic Perspectives'', 19(1), pp. [http://econ.duke.edu/~rek8/identityandtheeconomicsoforganizations.pdf 9–32.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914064057/http://econ.duke.edu/~rek8/identityandtheeconomicsoforganizations.pdf |date=2011-09-14 }} Archived 2011-09-14 at the Wayback Machine * Akerlof, George A. "[http://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/143-Thoughts-on-global-warming Thoughts on global warming]." chinadialogue (2006). 14 July 2008. * Akerlof, George A. and Robert J. Shiller. 2009. ''Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0691142333}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0691142333|<bdi>978-0691142333</bdi>]]. * Akerlof, George A., and Rachel E. Kranton. 2010. ''Identity Economics: How Our Identities Shape Our Work, Wages, and Well-Being'', Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0691146485}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0691146485|<bdi>978-0691146485</bdi>]]. [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9108.html Description & TOC], "Introduction," pp. [http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s9108.pdf 3–8], and [https://books.google.com/books/p/princeton?id=1gKUpITuf00C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false preview.] * George A. Akerlof and Robert J. Shiller. 2015. ''Phishing for Phools: The Economics of Manipulation and Deception'', Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0691168319}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0691168319|<bdi>978-0691168319</bdi>]]. == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen Yahudawan da suka lashe kyautar Nobel == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5816yg4oqdbbmex513akatrx7ojzgau 0 132741 975310 902512 2026-11-02T18:55:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fernando Enrique Alvarez''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1964) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alvarez, Fernando, 1964- |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no98085265.html |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=id.loc.gov}} It is not clear if he was born in September or December; there is conflicting information in the authority record.</ref> ƙwararren masanin tattalin arziki ne [[Argentina|na ƙasar Argentina]] . Farfesa ne a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Chicago . Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Universidad Nacional de La Plata a shekara ta 1989 da kuma digirinsa na uku a fannin Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Minnesota a shekara ta 1994. An zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar tattalin arziki a shekara ta 2008. An naɗa shi a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekara ta 2018. <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Newly Elected Fellows |url=https://members.amacad.org/content/members/newfellows.aspx?s=a |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410034914/https://members.amacad.org/content/members/newFellows.aspx?s=a |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |access-date=January 13, 2019 |website=members.amacad.org}}</ref> Gudunmawar da Fernando Alvarez ya bayar da alama ta fi tasiri ita ce aikinsa da [[Urban Jermann]] (Wharton) kan kasuwannin da ba su cika ba. Sun nuna yadda tsarin sadaukarwa mai iyaka na Timothy Kehoe da David Levine da kuma na Narayana Kocherlakota za a iya raba shi da wasu ƙa'idodi na lamuni. Sun kuma nuna yadda wannan tsarin zai iya bayyana wasu fasaloli na farashin kadarori, kamar ƙimar hannun jari. Jaridu da dama sun yi amfani da tsarinsu daga baya don bayyana wasu abubuwan da suka faru a fannin tattalin arziki. Fernando Alvarez ya kuma gabatar da wani sabon kiyasi na farashin jin daɗin rayuwa na zagayowar kasuwanci, wanda ya dogara ne akan farashin kadarori da aka lura (tare da Urban Jermann). Sauran ayyukansa sun haɗa da samfuran tattalin arzikin kuɗi tare da kasuwanni masu rarrabuwa da samfuran bincike tare da kasuwanni marasa cikawa. == Ayyukan da aka buga == * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Veracierto, Marcelo |year=2012 |title=Fixed-Term Employment Contracts in an Equilibrium Search Model |url=https://www.chicagofed.org/digital_assets/publications/working_papers/2005/wp2005_14.pdf |journal=Journal of Economic Theory |volume=147 |issue=5 |pages=1725–53 |doi=10.1016/j.jet.2012.05.015}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Guiso |first2=Luigi |last3=Lippi |first3=Francesco |year=2012 |title=Durable Consumption and Asset Management with Transaction and Observation Costs |url=http://cadmus.eui.eu//bitstream/1814/13224/1/ECO_2010_04.pdf |journal=American Economic Review |volume=102 |issue=5 |pages=2272–300 |doi=10.1257/aer.102.5.2272 |s2cid=15832515 |hdl-access=free |access-date=2026-01-07 |archive-date=2025-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829082750/https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/1814/13224/1/ECO_2010_04.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando E. |last2=Lippi |first2=Francesco |last3=Paciello |first3=Luigi |year=2011 |title=Optimal Price Setting with Observation and Menu Costs |url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w15852.pdf |journal=The Quarterly Journal of Economics |volume=126 |issue=4 |pages=1909–60 |doi=10.1093/qje/qjr043 |s2cid=2700404}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Atkeson |first2=Andrew |last3=Edmond |first3=Chris |year=2009 |title=Sluggish Responses of Prices and Inflation to Monetary Shocks in an Inventory Model of Money Demand*. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_quarterly-journal-of-economics_2009-08_124_3/page/911 |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=911–67 |citeseerx=10.1.1.188.8630 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.911}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Lippi |first2=Francesco |year=2009 |title=Financial Innovation and the Transactions Demand for Cash |url=https://www.eief.it/files/2012/09/wp-07-financial-innovation-and-the-transactions-demand-for-cash.pdf |journal=Econometrica |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=363–402 |doi=10.3982/ECTA7451 |s2cid=17298975 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Lucas |first2=Robert E. |last3=Jr. |year=2007 |title=General Equilibrium Analysis of the Eaton-Kortum Model of International Trade |url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w11764.pdf |journal=Journal of Monetary Economics |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=1726–68 |doi=10.1016/j.jmoneco.2006.07.006 |s2cid=1465112}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Atkeson |first2=Andrew |last3=Kehoe |first3=Patrick J. |year=2007 |title=If Exchange Rates Are Random Walks, Then Almost Everything We Say About Monetary Policy Is Wrong |url=http://researchdatabase.minneapolisfed.org/downloads/b8515n48h |journal=American Economic Review |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=339–45 |doi=10.1257/aer.97.2.339 |access-date=2026-01-07 |archive-date=2024-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005040206/https://researchdatabase.minneapolisfed.org/downloads/b8515n48h |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Jermann |first2=Urban J. |year=2005 |title=Using Asset Prices to Measure the Persistence of the Marginal Utility of Wealth |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_econometrica_2005-11_73_6/page/1977 |journal=Econometrica |volume=73 |issue=6 |pages=1977–2016 |citeseerx=10.1.1.522.25 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0262.2005.00643.x}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |year=2005 |title=Commentary on 'Organizational Dynamics over the Business Cycle: A View on Jobless Recoveries.' |url=http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/05/07/Alvarez.pdf |journal=Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review |volume=87 |issue=4 |page=581 |access-date=2026-01-07 |archive-date=2016-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518035314/https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/05/07/Alvarez.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Jermann |first2=Urban J. |year=2004 |title=Using Asset Prices to Measure the Cost of Business Cycles |url=https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1173&context=fnce_papers |journal=Journal of Political Economy |volume=112 |issue=6 |pages=1223–56 |doi=10.1086/424738 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718231142/https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1173&context=fnce_papers |archive-date=2018-07-18 |access-date=2026-01-07 |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Kehoe |first2=Patrick J. |last3=Andrés Neumeyer |first3=Pablo |year=2004 |title=The Time Consistency of Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policies |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_econometrica_2004-03_72_2/page/541 |journal=Econometrica |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=541–67 |citeseerx=10.1.1.57.8510 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00500.x |jstor=3598912}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Atkeson |first2=Andrew |last3=Kehoe |first3=Patrick J |year=2002 |title=Money, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates with Endogenously Segmented Markets |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10054416/ |journal=Journal of Political Economy |volume=110 |issue=1 |pages=73–112 |doi=10.1086/324389 |s2cid=15445591}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Lucas |first2=Robert E. Jr. |last3=Weber |first3=Warren E. |year=2001 |title=Interest Rates and Inflation |url=http://www.minneapolisfed.org/research/wp/wp609.pdf |journal=American Economic Review |volume=91 |issue=2 |pages=219–25 |doi=10.1257/aer.91.2.219 |jstor=2677763}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Jermann |first2=Urban J. |year=2001 |title=Quantitative Asset Pricing Implications of Endogenous Solvency Constraints |url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w6953.pdf |journal=Review of Financial Studies |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=1117–51 |doi=10.1093/rfs/14.4.1117 |jstor=2696737 |s2cid=154872673}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Veracierto |first2=Marcelo |year=2001 |title=Severance Payments in an Economy with Frictions |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-monetary-economics_2001-06_47_3/page/477 |journal=Journal of Monetary Economics |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=477–98 |doi=10.1016/S0304-3932(01)00058-7}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |year=2001 |title=Comment on 'the Benefits of Dollarization When Stabilization Policy Lacks Credibility and Financial Markets Are Imperfect' |journal=Journal of Money, Credit and Banking |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=475–81 |doi=10.2307/2673911 |jstor=2673911}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8k7ikuvvl138wuyr66t5oshc9z5c1q5 0 135178 975162 777421 2026-11-02T12:34:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''edupunk''''' halin yin hakan da kanka (DIY) ga koyarwa da ayyukan ilmantarwa.<ref name="young">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Young|2008}}</ref><ref name="keats">{{Cite web |last=Keats, Jonathon |date=2008-09-22 |title=Jargon Watch: Green Crude, Popcorning, Edupunk |url=https://www.wired.com/culture/culturereviews/magazine/16-10/st_jw |access-date=2008-10-17 |publisher=[[Wired Magazine]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018003350/http://www.wired.com/culture/culturereviews/magazine/16-10/st_jw |archive-date=2008-10-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tom Kuntz ya bayyana edupunk a matsayin "hanyar koyarwa wacce ke guje wa kayan aiki na yau da kullun kamar PowerPoint da Blackboard, kuma a maimakon haka tana da niyyar kawo halin tawaye da DIY na "70s bands kamar The Clash zuwa aji. " Ana iya bayyana aikace-aikacen koyarwa da yawa a matsayin ilimin DIY ko edupunk.<ref name="kuntz">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Kuntz|2008}}</ref> An fara amfani da kalmar a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2008, ta hannun [[Jim Groom]] a shafinsa na yanar gizo, <ref name="groom">{{Cite web |last=Groom, Jim |date=2008-05-25 |title=The Glass Bees |url=http://bavatuesdays.com/the-glass-bees/ |access-date=2008-05-30 |publisher=Weblog bavatuesdays}}</ref> kuma an rufe ta ƙasa da mako guda bayan haka a cikin Chronicle of Higher Education . <ref name="young">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Young|2008}}</ref> Stephen Downes, masanin ka'idar ilimi ta yanar gizo kuma edita na ''[[International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning|Mujallar Fasaha ta Koyarwa ta Duniya da Nesa]]'', ya lura cewa "ra'ayin edupunk ya kama iska gaba ɗaya, yana yaɗuwa a cikin duniyar blog kamar wutar daji". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephen Downes |author-link=Stephen Downes |date=2008-05-28 |title=Introducing Edupunk |url=http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/page.cgi?post=44760 |access-date=2008-06-06}}</ref> == fannoni == Edupunk ya tashi daga adawa da ƙoƙarin gwamnati da kamfanoni na sake tsara da haɗa fasahohin zamani zuwa samfuran ''[[wiktionary:cookie-cutter|yanke kukis]]'' tare da aikace-aikacen da aka riga aka ayyana - wanda ya yi kama da akidun gargajiya na punk . Duk da haka, martanin da ake mayarwa ga tasirin kamfanoni kan ilimi wani ɓangare ne kawai na edupunk. Stephen Downes ya gano fannoni uku na wannan hanyar: * Martani kan tallata ilimi * Halin yin da kanka * Tunani da koyo da kanka == Misalai == Misali na edupunk shine gwajin " Wikipedia:WikiProject Murder Madness and Mayhem " na Jami'ar British Columbia na ƙirƙirar labarai akan Wikipedia a bazara 2008, "(samun) ɗaliban mutum a matsayin abokan hulɗa da takwarorinsa." [1] Wani faifan bidiyo da ke nuna hanyar edupunk, wanda Tony Hirst ya shirya a Jami'ar Open da ke Burtaniya, a ranar 8 ga Yuni 2008, ya nuna yadda aka ɗauki ra'ayin edupunk cikin sauri a wajen Arewacin Amurka. [2] Wani gidan yanar gizo da malamai na Australiya suka kafa ya nuna yadda edupunk ya bazu, [3] kuma gabatarwar da Norm Friesen na Jami'ar Thompson Rivers ya gabatar ta gano wasu abubuwan da za su iya haifar da tunani ga wannan motsi. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] == Bayanan kula == {{Reflist}} == Manazarta == *  . *  . * {{Cite journal |last=Young |first=Jeffrey R. |date=May 30, 2008 |title=Frustrated With Corporate Course-Management Systems, Some Professors Go 'Edupunk' |url=http://chronicle.com/wiredcampus/article/3045/frustrated-with-corporate-course-management-systems-some-professors-go-edupunk |journal=[[The Chronicle of Higher Education|Chronicle of Higher Education]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601054940/https://www.chronicle.com/wiredcampus/article/3045/frustrated-with-corporate-course-management-systems-some-professors-go-edupunk |archive-date=2008-06-01 |access-date=2008-06-01}}. 4yyc5g7a6vmp5q1lpij3p6u6c610h2z 0 135631 975176 778210 2026-11-02T14:57:17Z Xaynarb 43630 An kirkira ta fassara "History of the concept" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381152728|Artist]]" 975176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Artist_at_Porthstinian,_Penmaen_Dewi,_Sir_Benfro_(Pembrokeshire),_Cymru_06.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Painting|Mai zane]] yana aiki a St Justinian, [[Wales]] a shekarar 2021]] '''Mai zane''' mutum ne da ke da hannu wajen ƙirƙirar [[Art|fasaha]], ko kuma yin aikin fasaha . Amfani da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin jawabai na yau da kullun da tattaunawa ta ilimi yana nufin mai aiki a fannin [[Zane-zane na gani|zane-zane]] kawai. Duk da haka, ana amfani da kalmar sosai a cikin kasuwancin nishaɗi don nufin ' [[Ɗan wasa|yan wasan kwaikwayo]], [[Mawaƙi|mawaƙa]], [[Singing|mawaƙa]], [[Rawa|masu rawa]], da sauran [[Yin zane-zane|masu wasan kwaikwayo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-16 |title=Definition of ARTIST |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/artist |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> Ana amfani da kalmar [[Faransanci]] '''''artiste''''' a [[Turanci]] a wannan mahallin, kodayake wannan ya zama tsohon yayi. Amfani da kalmar "artist" don bayyana [[Marubuci|marubuta]] yana da inganci, amma ba a saba gani ba, kuma galibi an takaita shi ga mahallin kamar sharhin masu suka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meaning of artist in English |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/artist}}</ref> " marubuci " galibi ana amfani da shi maimakon haka. Duk da cewa amfani da kalmar 'mai zane' abu ne da aka saba amfani da shi, babu wata ma'anar fasaha da aka yarda da ita [1] — wannan yana sa ma'anar wanene da kuma wanda ba mai zane ba ta da tabbas . Masu fasaha da masana falsafa har yanzu suna muhawara kan fassararsu game da ma'anar fasaha —akan abin da ke da kuma abin da ba ya ɗauka a matsayin fasaha . [1] {{Blockquote|title=Aesthetic Concepts of Art}} [[Fayil:Johann_Heinrich_Wilhelm_Tischbein_-_Goethe_in_the_Roman_Campagna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein, ''Goethe a cikin Yaƙin Roman'', 1787 - hoton [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], marubucin Jamus wanda aka san shi da ayyukansa na waƙa, wasan kwaikwayo, da rubuce-rubuce, akan falsafa, fasahar gani, da kimiyya]] ''Kamus ɗin Turanci na Oxford'' ya bayyana tsoffin ma'anoni masu faɗi na kalmar "mai zane": * mutum mai ilimi ko kuma digirin Master of Arts , * wanda ke neman ilimin kimiyya mai amfani, magani na gargajiya, ilmin taurari, ilmin [[Kimiyya|sunadarai]] , * mai bin wani abu da ƙwarewa ke zuwa ta hanyar karatu ko aiki, * mai bin fasahar hannu, kamar makaniki , * wanda ya sanya sana'arsu ta zama sana'a mai kyau, ko * wanda ke haɓaka ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan fasahohi - a al'ada, fasahar da muses ke jagoranta Kamus na Britannica ya fassara "mai zane" a matsayin: <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-16 |title=Definition of ARTIST |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/artist |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> * mutumin da ke ƙirƙirar fasaha, * mutumin da ya ƙware a zane, zane, da sauransu, * ƙwararren mai yin aiki, ko * mutumin da yake da kyau sosai a wani abu * wanda ke yin zane, zane, ko yin sassaka, * wanda ke yin kiɗa, ko * mutumin da ke ƙirƙirar abubuwa da ƙwarewa da tunani mai kyau == Etymology - tarihin kalmar == === Tsohuwar Girka (1100 BC-330 AD) === [[Fayil:Varvakeion_Athena.jpg|thumb|Varvakeion Athena, wani mutum-mutumin Athena Parthenos na zamanin Romawa wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mafi aminci kwafi na mutum-mutumin chryselephantine da Pheidias da mataimakansa suka yi, kamar yadda aka nuna a Gidan Tarihi na Kasa, Athens]] == History of the concept == [[File:Varvakeion_Athena.jpg|thumb|Varvakeion Athena, wani mutum-mutumi na zamanin Roman na Athena Parthenos wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi aminci haifuwa na mutum-mutuni na chryselephantine da Pheidias da mataimakansa suka yi, kamar yadda aka nuna a Gidan Tarihin Archaeological na Kasa, Athens]] A cikin Al'adun Girka, kowannensu daga cikin Muses tara ya kula da wani bangare daban na halittar ɗan adam: * Calliope ("kyakkyawan magana"): shugaban muses da muse na [[Epic Poetry|waka mai ban sha'awa ko jarumi]] * Clio ("mai ɗaukaka"): muse na [[Tarihi]] * [[Erato]] ("mai ƙauna"): muse na [[Waƙa|soyayya ko waƙoƙin lalata]], Kalmomin, da waƙoƙun aure * Euterpe ("mai daɗi"): muse na [[kiɗa]] da Waƙoƙin waka * [[Melpomene]] ("mai raira waƙa"): muse na bala'i * Polyhymnia ko Polymnia ("mai [[Singing|raira waƙa]]" na waƙoƙi da yawa): muse na waƙoƙin tsarki, oratory, lyric, raira waƙa, da rhetoricmaganganu * Terpsichore (wanda "[wanda] ke jin daɗin rawa"): muse na waƙoƙin mawaƙa da rawa * Thalia ("mai ban sha'awa"): muse na [[Barkwanci|wasan kwaikwayo]] da waƙoƙin bucolic * Urania ("wanda ke sama"): muse na ilimin taurari Babu wani muse da aka gano tare da [[Painting|zane]]-zane na zane-zane da zane-zanen.A tsohuwar Girka, an yi la'akari da masu zane-zane da masu zane, aikin da bayi ke yi sau da yawa kuma galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin aikin hannu kawai.   A lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya kalmar ''mai zane'' ta riga ta kasance a wasu ƙasashe kamar Italiya, amma ma'anar wani abu ne mai kama da ''mai sana'a'', yayin da kalmar ''mai sana'a'' har yanzu ba a sani ba.Mai zane wani ne wanda zai iya yin aiki fiye da wasu, don haka an nuna ƙwarewar ƙwarewa, maimakon filin aiki.A wannan lokacin, wasu kayayyakin "na hannu" (kamar masana'antu) sun fi daraja da tsada fiye da zane-zane ko siffofi. Rarrabawar farko a cikin manyan da ƙananan zane-zane ya samo asali ne aƙalla ga ayyukan Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472): De re aedificatoria, De statua, De pictura, wanda ya mai da hankali kan muhimmancin ƙwarewar ilimi na mai zane maimakon ƙwarewar hannu (ko da a wasu nau'ikan fasaha akwai aikin a baya). Yawancin ma'anoni na zamani na "mai zane-zane" da "art" sun dogara ne sosai da al'ada, suna tsayayya da umarni mai kyau; a cikin wannan hanyar, fasalulluka da ke samar da kyau da kyakkyawa ba za a iya daidaita su cikin sauƙi ba tare da motsawa cikin Kitsch ba. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} bmt74ylxhpv53trn8giunvh3cgliu3b 975177 975176 2026-11-02T15:00:46Z Xaynarb 43630 975177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Artist_at_Porthstinian,_Penmaen_Dewi,_Sir_Benfro_(Pembrokeshire),_Cymru_06.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Painting|Mai zane]] yana aiki a St Justinian, [[Wales]] a shekarar 2021]] '''Mai zane''' mutum ne da ke da hannu wajen ƙirƙirar [[Art|fasaha]], ko kuma yin aikin fasaha . Amfani da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin jawabai na yau da kullun da tattaunawa ta ilimi yana nufin mai aiki a fannin [[Zane-zane na gani|zane-zane]] kawai. Duk da haka, ana amfani da kalmar sosai a cikin kasuwancin nishaɗi don nufin ' [[Ɗan wasa|yan wasan kwaikwayo]], [[Mawaƙi|mawaƙa]], [[Singing|mawaƙa]], [[Rawa|masu rawa]], da sauran [[Yin zane-zane|masu wasan kwaikwayo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-16 |title=Definition of ARTIST |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/artist |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> Ana amfani da kalmar [[Faransanci]] '''''artiste''''' a [[Turanci]] a wannan mahallin, kodayake wannan ya zama tsohon yayi. Amfani da kalmar "artist" don bayyana [[Marubuci|marubuta]] yana da inganci, amma ba a saba gani ba, kuma galibi an takaita shi ga mahallin kamar sharhin masu suka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meaning of artist in English |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/artist}}</ref> " marubuci " galibi ana amfani da shi maimakon haka. Duk da cewa amfani da kalmar 'mai zane' abu ne da aka saba amfani da shi, babu wata ma'anar fasaha da aka yarda da ita [1] — wannan yana sa ma'anar wanene da kuma wanda ba mai zane ba ta da tabbas . Masu fasaha da masana falsafa har yanzu suna muhawara kan fassararsu game da ma'anar fasaha —akan abin da ke da kuma abin da ba ya ɗauka a matsayin fasaha . [1] {{Blockquote|title=Aesthetic Concepts of Art}} [[Fayil:Johann_Heinrich_Wilhelm_Tischbein_-_Goethe_in_the_Roman_Campagna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein, ''Goethe a cikin Yaƙin Roman'', 1787 - hoton [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], marubucin Jamus wanda aka san shi da ayyukansa na waƙa, wasan kwaikwayo, da rubuce-rubuce, akan falsafa, fasahar gani, da kimiyya]] ''Kamus ɗin Turanci na Oxford'' ya bayyana tsoffin ma'anoni masu faɗi na kalmar "mai zane": * mutum mai ilimi ko kuma digirin Master of Arts , * wanda ke neman ilimin kimiyya mai amfani, magani na gargajiya, ilmin taurari, ilmin [[Kimiyya|sunadarai]] , * mai bin wani abu da ƙwarewa ke zuwa ta hanyar karatu ko aiki, * mai bin fasahar hannu, kamar makaniki , * wanda ya sanya sana'arsu ta zama sana'a mai kyau, ko * wanda ke haɓaka ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan fasahohi - a al'ada, fasahar da muses ke jagoranta Kamus na Britannica ya fassara "mai zane" a matsayin: <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-16 |title=Definition of ARTIST |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/artist |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> * mutumin da ke ƙirƙirar fasaha, * mutumin da ya ƙware a zane, zane, da sauransu, * ƙwararren mai yin aiki, ko * mutumin da yake da kyau sosai a wani abu * wanda ke yin zane, zane, ko yin sassaka, * wanda ke yin kiɗa, ko * mutumin da ke ƙirƙirar abubuwa da ƙwarewa da tunani mai kyau == Etymology - tarihin kalmar == === Tsohuwar Girka (1100 BC-330 AD) === [[Fayil:Varvakeion_Athena.jpg|thumb|Varvakeion Athena, wani mutum-mutumin Athena Parthenos na zamanin Romawa wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mafi aminci kwafi na mutum-mutumin chryselephantine da Pheidias da mataimakansa suka yi, kamar yadda aka nuna a Gidan Tarihi na Kasa, Athens]] == History of the concept == [[File:Varvakeion_Athena.jpg|thumb|Varvakeion Athena, wani mutum-mutumi na zamanin Roman na Athena Parthenos wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi aminci haifuwa na mutum-mutuni na chryselephantine da Pheidias da mataimakansa suka yi, kamar yadda aka nuna a Gidan Tarihin Archaeological na Kasa, Athens]] A cikin Al'adun Girka, kowannensu daga cikin Muses tara ya kula da wani bangare daban na halittar ɗan adam: * Calliope ("kyakkyawan magana"): shugaban muses da muse na [[Epic Poetry|waka mai ban sha'awa ko jarumi]] * Clio ("mai ɗaukaka"): muse na [[Tarihi]] * [[Erato]] ("mai ƙauna"): muse na [[Waƙa|soyayya ko waƙoƙin lalata]], Kalmomin, da waƙoƙun aure * Euterpe ("mai daɗi"): muse na [[kiɗa]] da Waƙoƙin waka * [[Melpomene]] ("mai raira waƙa"): muse na bala'i * Polyhymnia ko Polymnia ("mai [[Singing|raira waƙa]]" na waƙoƙi da yawa): muse na waƙoƙin tsarki, oratory, lyric, raira waƙa, da rhetoricmaganganu * Terpsichore (wanda "[wanda] ke jin daɗin rawa"): muse na waƙoƙin mawaƙa da rawa * Thalia ("mai ban sha'awa"): muse na [[Barkwanci|wasan kwaikwayo]] da waƙoƙin bucolic * Urania ("wanda ke sama"): muse na ilimin taurari Babu wani muse da aka gano tare da [[Painting|zane]]-zane na [[Zane-zane na gani|zane-zane]] da zane-zanen.A tsohuwar Girka, an yi la'akari da masu zane-zane da masu zane, aikin da bayi ke yi sau da yawa kuma galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin aikin hannu kawai.   A lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya kalmar ''mai zane'' ta riga ta kasance a wasu ƙasashe kamar Italiya, amma ma'anar wani abu ne mai kama da ''mai sana'a'', yayin da kalmar ''mai sana'a'' har yanzu ba a sani ba.Mai zane wani ne wanda zai iya yin aiki fiye da wasu, don haka an nuna ƙwarewar ƙwarewa, maimakon filin aiki.A wannan lokacin, wasu kayayyakin "na hannu" (kamar masana'antu) sun fi daraja da tsada fiye da zane-zane ko siffofi. Rarrabawar farko a cikin manyan da ƙananan zane-zane ya samo asali ne aƙalla ga ayyukan Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472): De re aedificatoria, De statua, De pictura, wanda ya mai da hankali kan muhimmancin ƙwarewar ilimi na mai zane maimakon ƙwarewar hannu (ko da a wasu nau'ikan fasaha akwai aikin a baya). Yawancin ma'anoni na zamani na "mai zane-zane" da "art" sun dogara ne sosai da al'ada, suna tsayayya da umarni mai kyau; a cikin wannan hanyar, fasalulluka da ke samar da kyau da kyakkyawa ba za a iya daidaita su cikin sauƙi ba tare da motsawa cikin Kitsch ba. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 0yiv4hjx7kbh60b11rwnds1yglh87lt 0 138253 975425 840069 2026-11-03T02:27:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Saint Petersburg Toy Museum''' ( Russian Петербу́ргский музе́й игру́шки ) wani cibiya ce ta al'adu wadda ba ta gwamnati ba. == Tarihi == Gidan Tarihi na Kayan Wasan Kwaikwayo [[Saint-Petersburg|na Saint-Petersburg]] memba ne na [[Union of Museums of Russia|Ƙungiyar Gidajen Tarihi na Rasha]] . An kafa shi a shekarar 1997 a matsayin cibiyar al'adu ta ƙasa da ƙasa, wacce kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke ba da tallafi. Shi ne gidan tarihi na biyu na kayan wasan yara a [[Rasha]] bayan tsohon gidan tarihi na ilimi da fasaha na irin wannan a Sergiev Posad kusa da [[Moscow]], wanda ke magance matsalolin ilmantarwa musamman. [[Fayil:Commons-Narodnaja.jpg|left|thumb|180x180px|Kayan wasan gargajiya a Gidan Tarihin Kayan Wasan Yara [[Saint-Petersburg|na St. Petersburg]] ( [[Rasha]] )]] An kafa Gidan Tarihi na Kayan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Saint-Petersburg a matsayin gidan tarihi na fasaha tare da babban aikin tattarawa, adanawa, fallasa da nazarin kayan wasan kwaikwayo ba wai kawai a matsayin wani abu na musamman na al'adun kayan tarihi ba, har ma a matsayin wani nau'in fasaha na musamman, wanda ya haɗa da tsoffin al'adun ƙasa da sabbin halaye na fasaha. [[Fayil:Commons-Guide_and_children.JPG|right|thumb|200x200px|Jagora da yara a Gidan Tarihi na Kayan Wasan Yara [[Saint-Petersburg|na St. Petersburg]] ( [[Rasha]] )]] Kayan wasan a matsayin fasaha, wanda yake a matsayin kayan wasa masu amfani da kuma kayan ado, ya zaburar da tarin. [[Fayil:Commons-Whistles-Toy.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Whistles-Toy a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Kayan Wasan Yara [[Saint-Petersburg|na St. Petersburg]] ( [[Rasha]] )]] [[Fayil:Commons-Children_in_Museum.JPG|right|thumb|200x200px|Yara a Gidan Tarihin Kayan Wasan Yara na [[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] (Rasha)]] Duk da haka, kayan wasan kwaikwayo ba su ne kawai alkiblar ayyukan Gidan Tarihi na Saint-Petersburg ba. Gidan kayan tarihin yana da tarin kayan wasan gargajiya (na Rasha da na ƙasashen waje) da kayan wasan kwaikwayo na masana'anta, waɗanda ake ƙara su har abada. Kasancewar masu fasaha, masu sukar fasaha da malamai sun haɗu a kusa da shi, Gidan Tarihi na Saint-Petersburg yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen baje kolin ban sha'awa da bukukuwan fasaha, waɗanda aka tsara don tarurrukan masu shiga da baƙi na zamani. Gidan Tarihi ba wai an yi shi ne kawai ga yara ba, kuma yana aiki tare da sauran cibiyoyi don koyar da shirye-shiryen ilimi. [[Fayil:Commons-Toy_Museum_Inside.JPG|left|thumb|200x200px|Nunin da ke cikin Gidan Tarihi na Kayan Wasan Yara [[Saint-Petersburg|na St. Petersburg]] ( [[Rasha]] )]] == Masu fasaha na Rasha da ke aiki a cikin nau'in kayan wasan yara == * Oleg Buryan * Katya Medvedeva == Duba kuma == * Jerin gidajen tarihi a Saint Petersburg == Manazarta == <ref>ITAR-TASS: "Soviet Era Toys Displayed in St. Petersburg"</ref>{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.russia-ic.com/news/show/5673/ ITAR-TASS: "Ana Nuna Kayan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Zamanin Soviet a St. Petersburg"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606073445/http://english.pravda.ru/news/world/09-02-2006/english.pravda.ru/culture/2003/01/17/42175.html Pravda: "Teddy Bear Ya Cika Shekaru 100"] * {{In lang|ru}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20061101064552/http://www.encspb.ru/article.php?kod=2804728614 Nassoshi na Encyclopaedic. Sabon Siffar Petersburg] * {{In lang|ru}} [http://www.museumdolls.ru/ Gidan Tarihin Kayan Wasan To na Saint Petersburg] * {{In lang|ru}} [http://www.souzmuseum.ru/reestr/profile-366.html NUK «Gidan Tarihi na Kayan Wasan Kwaikwayo na St. Petersburg»] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204061608/https://www.souzmuseum.ru/reestr/profile-366.html |date=2024-12-04 }} * {{In lang|ru}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120223215204/http://www.gdeetotdom.ru/information/addresses/1232549/10133776/9010924/22044933/ Ina gidan yake...] * {{In lang|ru}} [http://petersburg.rfn.ru/rnews.html?id=11171 "Wasannin da Buryan ya yi ba na banza ba" - wasan kwaikwayo na Oleg Burian kaɗai.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824082801/http://petersburg.rfn.ru/rnews.html?id=11171 |date=2011-08-24 }} Archived * {{In lang|ru}} [http://www.weekend.ru/?action=pv&id=259817 Nunin kayan wasan marubucin daga tarin kayan tarihi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005114629/http://www.weekend.ru/?action=pv&id=259817 |date=2011-10-05 }} Archived etvivpzlaycqt88pftwxcwt37ujlqys 0 139721 975463 812769 2026-11-03T05:38:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Goldie D. Brangman-Dumpson''' (2 ga Oktoba, 1917 - 9 ga Fabrairu, 2020) [[Ungozoma|ma'aikaciyar jinya]] ce kuma malamar Amurka. Brangman-Dumpson ta kasance tare da kafa makarantar maganin sa barci a Asibitin Harlem, inda ta yi aiki mafi yawan aikinta. Daga baya, ta kasance darakta a Makarantar Kula da Jinya ta Asibitin Harlem . A lokacin da take aiki a Asibitin Harlem, tana cikin ƙungiyar tiyata da ta yi aiki a kan [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] bayan yunƙurin kisan kai a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1958. Brangman-Dumpson ta kasance mai aikin sa kai na tsawon rai ga [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] kuma shugabar farko ta [[Afirkawan Amurka|Baƙar fata-Amurka]] ta Ƙungiyar Masu Maganin Sa barci ta Amurka (AANA). == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko da ilimi === An haifi Brangman-Dumpson a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 1917 <ref> name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Goldie Brangman-Dumpson |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/210548796/goldie-brangman-dumpson |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=Find a Grave}}</ref> a [[Maryland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Obituary for Goldie Brangman-Dumpson |url=https://www.mililanimemorial.com/obituary/Goldie-Brangman-Dumpson |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Mililani Memorial Park & Mortuary |language=en |archive-date=2020-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524171236/https://www.mililanimemorial.com/obituary/Goldie-Brangman-Dumpson |url-status=dead }}</ref> Brangman-Dumpson ta fara aikin sa-kai na [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] a shekarar 1940. Brangman ta halarci shirin jinya na Cibiyar Asibitin Harlem kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1943. Ta ci gaba da karɓar aikin jinya a Asibitin Harlem. A shekarun 1940, ta auri James R. Dumpson kuma ma'auratan suna da ɗa ɗaya. <ref> name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-15 |title=Dr. James R. Dumpson: Dedicated Public Servant, Educator, and Mentor |url=https://www.nycommunitytrust.org/newsroom/dr-james-r-dumpson-dedicated-public-servant-educator-and-mentor/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=The New York Community Trust |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529225229/https://www.nycommunitytrust.org/newsroom/dr-james-r-dumpson-dedicated-public-servant-educator-and-mentor/ |archive-date=2020-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Aikin jinya da jagoranci na ƙwararru === Brangman ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan shirin maganin sa barci na Asibitin Harlem tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a shekarar 1951, kuma an san ta sosai a matsayin wacce ta kafa shirin. A cikin hirarraki game da rawar da ta taka, Brangman ta yi magana game da mahimmancin wannan shirin wajen amincewa da kuma ilmantar da ƙwararrun likitoci masu launin fata da baƙi, "Babu makarantu da yawa a lokacin da suka karɓi baƙi, maza, ko ɗalibai daga ƙasashen waje." A Asibitin Harlem, Brangman zai kuma ci gaba da riƙe matsayin jagoranci a cikin shirye-shiryen ci gaba da ilimi da maganin numfashi. Brangman-Dumpson yana aiki a Asibitin Harlem kuma yana can lokacin da aka kawo [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] bayan wani yunƙurin kisan kai a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1958. <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Angelina |date=19 January 2020 |title=CRNA Legend Goldie Brangman Shares Story of Treating Dr. Martin Luther King |url=https://nurse.org/articles/nurse-anesthetist-crna-goldie-brangman-saved-MLK/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Nurse.org |language=en-us}}</ref> Brangman-Dumpson memba ne na ƙungiyar tiyatarsa a wannan ranar. Ita ce ta yi wa jakar numfashi aiki a lokacin tiyatar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Obituary for Goldie Brangman-Dumpson |url=https://www.mililanimemorial.com/obituary/Goldie-Brangman-Dumpson |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Mililani Memorial Park & Mortuary |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 1959, an zaɓi Brangman a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar likitocin jinya ta jihar New York. Daga baya Brangman-Dumpson ta zama darektan makarantar maganin sa barci ta Asibitin Harlem wadda ta kafa tare. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Angelina |date=19 January 2020 |title=CRNA Legend Goldie Brangman Shares Story of Treating Dr. Martin Luther King |url=https://nurse.org/articles/nurse-anesthetist-crna-goldie-brangman-saved-MLK/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Nurse.org |language=en-us}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWalker2020">Walker, Angelina (19 January 2020). [https://nurse.org/articles/nurse-anesthetist-crna-goldie-brangman-saved-MLK/ "CRNA Legend Goldie Brangman Shares Story of Treating Dr. Martin Luther King"]. ''Nurse.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-15 |title=Dr. James R. Dumpson: Dedicated Public Servant, Educator, and Mentor |url=https://www.nycommunitytrust.org/newsroom/dr-james-r-dumpson-dedicated-public-servant-educator-and-mentor/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=The New York Community Trust |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529225229/https://www.nycommunitytrust.org/newsroom/dr-james-r-dumpson-dedicated-public-servant-educator-and-mentor/ |archive-date=2020-05-29 |url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.nycommunitytrust.org/newsroom/dr-james-r-dumpson-dedicated-public-servant-educator-and-mentor/ "Dr. James R. Dumpson: Dedicated Public Servant, Educator, and Mentor"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260916140327/https://www.nycommunitytrust.org/newsroom/dr-james-r-dumpson-dedicated-public-servant-educator-and-mentor/ |date=2026-09-16 }}. ''The New York Community Trust''. 2019-02-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> Daga 1973 zuwa 1974, Brangman-Dumpson ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar likitocin jinya ta Amurka (AANA). Ita ce [[Afirkawan Amurka|bakar fata]] ta farko da ta riƙe wannan matsayin a AANA. <ref name=":2" /> === Rayuwa daga baya === Brangman-Dumpson ta koma [[Hawaii]] a shekarar 1987 bayan ta yi ritaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Obituary for Goldie Brangman-Dumpson |url=https://www.mililanimemorial.com/obituary/Goldie-Brangman-Dumpson |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Mililani Memorial Park & Mortuary |language=en |archive-date=2020-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524171236/https://www.mililanimemorial.com/obituary/Goldie-Brangman-Dumpson |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan ta koma Hawaii, ta ci gaba da yin aikin sa-kai tare da Red Cross. A shekarar 1992, bayan guguwar Omar da guguwar Iniki, ta taimaka wajen aiki a matsugunin da guguwar ta shafa. <ref name=":1" /> A shekarar 1996, ta sami kyautar Ann Magnussen saboda shekaru 67 na hidima a Red Cross. <ref name=":1" /> A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2020, ta mutu a Kailua tana da shekaru 102. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Goldie Brangman-Dumpson |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/210548796/goldie-brangman-dumpson |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=Find a Grave}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/210548796/goldie-brangman-dumpson "Goldie Brangman-Dumpson"]. ''Find a Grave''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-12</span></span>.</cite></ref> [[New York State Association of Nurse Anesthetists|Ƙungiyar Likitocin Jinya ta Jihar New York]] (NYSANA) ta bayar da lambar yabo da sunanta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Obituary for Goldie Brangman-Dumpson |url=https://www.mililanimemorial.com/obituary/Goldie-Brangman-Dumpson |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Mililani Memorial Park & Mortuary |language=en |archive-date=2020-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524171236/https://www.mililanimemorial.com/obituary/Goldie-Brangman-Dumpson |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Kyautar Ann Magnussen (1996) Kyautar Agatha Hodgins (1995) Kyautar Helen Lamb Mai Kyau ga Malamai (1983) == Gado == Ƙungiyar likitocin jinya ta Amurka ta kafa wani lacca kan bambancin ra'ayi da haɗa kai a cikin 2018, wanda aka sanya wa suna don girmama Brangman-Dumpson. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1917]] metferz04ohyz55l9r3ellozxnq840f 0 140348 975420 793967 2026-11-03T00:46:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ghoomar''' ko '''ghumar''' rawa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Rajasthan]] . Kabilar Bhil ce ta yi ta don bauta wa Allahiya Saraswati wadda daga baya Rajputs ta rungume ta. <ref> name="rajasthandirect.com">{{Cite web |title=Ghoomar or Ghumar was basically developed by the Bhil tribe and was adopted by other Rajasthani communities. |url=https://www.rajasthandirect.com/culture/dance/ghoomar}}</ref> <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ghoomar, a traditional Bhil tribe folk dance |url=https://www.utsavpedia.com/cultural-connections/ghoomar-of-marwar-inspiring-indian-dressing-for-centuries/}}</ref> Mata masu lulluɓe da riguna masu gudana da ake kira ''ghaghara'' ne ke yin rawar. Rawar yawanci ta ƙunshi masu yin pirouetting yayin da suke shiga da fita daga da'ira mai faɗi. Kalmar ''ghoomna'' tana bayyana motsin masu rawa kuma ita ce tushen kalmar ''ghoomar'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghoomar Dance, Rajasthan |url=http://www.dancesofindia.co.in/folk-dances-india/rajasthan/ghoomer.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518082113/http://www.dancesofindia.co.in/folk-dances-india/rajasthan/ghoomer.html |archive-date=2012-05-18}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghoomar Dance - Rajasthan |url=http://www.rajasthanvisit.com/Ghoomar-Dance.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329090026/http://www.rajasthanvisit.com/Ghoomar-Dance.htm |archive-date=29 March 2019 |publisher=rajasthanvisit.com}}</ref> A bisa ga al'adun gargajiya, ana sa ran amarya da aka yi aure za ta yi rawa da ghoomar bayan an yi mata maraba zuwa sabon gidan aurenta. Sau da yawa ana yin Ghoomar a lokuta na musamman, kamar a bukukuwan aure, bukukuwa da kuma bukukuwan addini, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghoomar in India |url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Rajasthan/Ghoomar-26321.htm |access-date=2 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202233833/http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Rajasthan/Ghoomar-26321.htm |archive-date=2 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> wanda wani lokacin yakan ɗauki awanni. == Tarihi == Ghoomar ɗan ƙabilar Bhil ne da aka yi wa ado don bauta wa allahiya Sarasvati wadda daga baya wasu al'ummomin Rajasthan suka rungumi ta. <ref name="rajasthandirect.com">{{Cite web |title=Ghoomar or Ghumar was basically developed by the Bhil tribe and was adopted by other Rajasthani communities. |url=https://www.rajasthandirect.com/culture/dance/ghoomar}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.rajasthandirect.com/culture/dance/ghoomar "Ghoomar or Ghumar was basically developed by the Bhil tribe and was adopted by other Rajasthani communities"].</cite></ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ghoomar, a traditional Bhil tribe folk dance |url=https://www.utsavpedia.com/cultural-connections/ghoomar-of-marwar-inspiring-indian-dressing-for-centuries/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.utsavpedia.com/cultural-connections/ghoomar-of-marwar-inspiring-indian-dressing-for-centuries/ "Ghoomar, a traditional Bhil tribe folk dance"].</cite></ref> Bheels al'umma ce mai ƙarfi a wancan lokacin kuma suna cikin yaƙi akai-akai da sarakunan Rajput. Bayan an yi zaman lafiya mai yawa a yaƙi, sai suka fara mu'amala da juna. Matan yankin sun yi wa Ghoomar a Rajputana, daga baya kuma mata fitattu na Rajput suma suka fara shiga cikin rawar. Ba a yarda maza su halarci waɗannan wasannin rawa ba. Ghoomar ya shahara a jihar Rajasthan ta Indiya a zamanin sarakunan Rajput, kuma mata galibi suna yin ta ne a lokutan bukukuwa masu kyau. <ref name="rajasthandirect.com" /> Mata suna yin ghoomar da ghoonghat a kansu suna rufe fuskokinsu. Tsarin rawa yana samun salo daban-daban da ɗan canji a cikin tufafi tare da yankuna daban-daban na Rajasthan. Ana yin Ghoomar da bugun sauri a yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Gujarat, matakai iri ɗaya da salon garba, yayin da bugun hankali a Dhaulpur Karauli Braj kshetra, haka nan ana iya ganin bambancin sutura da salon rawa a Udaipur, Kota, Bundi da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ZEE5 |url=https://comingsoon.zee5.com/comingsoon/index.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331004243/https://comingsoon.zee5.com/comingsoon/index.php |archive-date=31 March 2020 |access-date=2021-05-14 |website=comingsoon.zee5.com}}</ref> == Waƙoƙin Ghoomar == A matsayin rawa ta gargajiya, ghoomar galibi tana ɗauke da waƙoƙin gargajiya kamar "Gorband", "Podina", "Rumal" da "Mor Bole Re". Waƙoƙin na iya kasancewa kan tatsuniyoyi na sarauta ko al'adunsu. * "Jaipur jao to" - Rawar gargajiya ta Rajasthani [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYuTU9JKa6A] * "Chirmi Mhari Chirmali" * "Aave Hichki" - Rajasthani Ghoomar na Gargajiya * "Mhari Ghoomar Chye Nakhrali" * "Jawai Ji Pawna" - Rajasthani folk song * "Taara Ri Chundadi" * "Mharo Gorband Nakhralo" * "Naina Ra Lobhi" * "Aur Rang De" * "Ghoomar" * "Surat Aap Ri Bannsa" == Tasirin al'adu == * Maharani Rajmata Goverdhan Kumari na Santrampur ne ya kafa "Gangaur Ghoomar Dance Academy" a shekarar 1986, domin kiyayewa da kuma inganta rawar gargajiya ta ghoomar. <ref name="Image Details">{{Cite web |date=6 June 2007 |title=Image Details |url=http://www.indiatodayimages.com/buyimage-rajmata-goverdhan-kumari-2856307.html |access-date=25 August 2016 |website=India Today}}</ref> <ref name="Rajmata Goverdhan Kumari">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Rajmata Goverdhan Kumari |url=http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/index.php?id=410&newsID=39 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023005/http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/index.php?id=410&newsID=39 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=25 August 2016 |publisher=Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad}}</ref> Gwamnatin Indiya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta huɗu mafi girma ta farar hula ta Padma Shri, a shekarar 2007, saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga fasaha. <ref name="Padma Awards">{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Padma Awards |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 |access-date=20 August 2016 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> * Fim ɗin [[Bollywood]] na Padmaavat na shekarar 2017 ya ƙunshi wata waƙar shahara mai suna " ''Ghoomar'' " wadda ta nuna wannan rawa ta gargajiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chopra |first=Yashna |date=2017-10-25 |title=Deepika Padukone looks breathtaking in Padmavati’s first song, Ghoomar |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/padmavati-song-ghoomar-deepika-padukone-rajasthani-dancing |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref> == Hotunan Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;" heights="210"> Fayil:Rajput_Woman_performing_Ghoomar_01.jpg|alt=A Rajput woman performing ghoomar in Rajputi poshak| Wata mata Rajput tana yin ghoomar a Rajputi poshak Fayil:Ghoomar_Dancer_in_Chokhi_Rajasthan.jpg|alt=A tribal woman performing ghoomar| Wata mace 'yar ƙabila tana yin ghoomar Fayil:Ghoomar.jpg|alt=Women performing ghoomar at a wedding| Mata suna yin ghoomar a wani biki Fayil:Ghoomar_dancers_(Rajasthan,_India,_2023).jpg|alt=Women performing ghoomar| Mata suna yin ghoomar </gallery> == Duba kuma == * Al'adun Rajasthan * Ghoomar (waƙa) * Kalbelia == Manazarta == qfkzfex7ymtbybuosukm16vsjxqqkqa 0 140756 975515 827344 2026-11-03T09:32:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television|image=|caption=|alt_name=|genre=Reality television<br />Talent show<br />Religion|creator=|developer=|writer=|director=|presenter=Irfan Hakim|judges=Various|theme_music_composer=|composer=|country=[[Indonesia]]|language=Indonesian<br />Arabic|num_seasons=13|num_episodes=387|executive_producer=Adam Sugriwo (2013–2014)<br />Saptono (2015–2018)|producer=Erwin A. Y. Raja (2013–2014)<br />M. Zaedi Bafadal (2015–2020)|location=[[Jakarta]]|cinematography=|editor=|camera=[[Multi-camera]]|runtime=120 minutes|company=[[Media Nusantara Citra]]|network=[[RCTI]]|first_aired={{start date|2013|7|8|}}|last_aired=present|related=|opentheme=|endtheme=}}{{Reflist}} '''''Hafiz Indonesia''''' wani shirin bincike ne na addini wanda aka watsa akan RCTI a lokacin Ramadan . Wannan taron yana daya daga cikin manyan shirye-shiryen RCTI wanda ke nuna ikon yara na karantawa da haddace jerin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]].<ref name="hafizid">{{Cite web |date=August 11, 2014 |title=HAFIZ INDONESIA 2014 |url=http://www.rcti.tv/program/view/105/HAFIZ-INDONESIA-2014#.U_lTzd9d6V4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811221709/http://www.rcti.tv/program/view/105/HAFIZ-INDONESIA-2014#.U_lTzd9d6V4 |archive-date=2014-08-11 |access-date=2014-08-24 |website=RCTI |publisher=}}</ref> Shirin ya sami lambar yabo daga Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Indonesia a matsayin ''Shirin Acara Ramadan'' (Turanci: Shirin Ramadan Mafi Kyawu) a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Program Terbaik Ramadan 1435 H/2014 |url=https://www.kpi.go.id/old/index.php/lihat-terkini/38-dalam-negeri/32225-program-terbaik-ramadan-1435-h-2014 |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=KOMISI PENYIARAN INDONESIA – Jadikan Penyiaran Indonesia yang Sehat, Bermanfaat, dan Bermartabat |language=id-id }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hafiz Indonesia ta lashe lambar yabo ta Panasonic Gobel Awards don "Tsarin Yara Mafi Kyawu" na shekaru 2 a jere (2014 da 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2014 |title=Program Hafidz Indonesia Raih Panasonic Gobel Awards |url=https://www.syaamilquran.com/program-hafidz-indonesia-raih-panasonic-gobel-awards-2014-04-07/ |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=Syaamil Quran |language=id}}</ref>).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2015 |title=Hafiz Indonesia Sering Mendapatkan Penghargaan : Okezone Celebrity |url=https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2015/08/01/206/1188861/hafiz-indonesia-sering-mendapatkan-penghargaan |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=Okezone |language=id-ID}}</ref> == Lokaci == An gudanar da kakar wasa ta farko ta Hafiz Indonesia a shekarar 2013. An nuna wasan kwaikwayon a kowace Litinin zuwa Jumma'a a 14:30 WIB (2:30 na yamma) daga 8 ga Yuli, 2013, zuwa 6 ga Agusta, 2013. Wanda ya lashe Hafiz Indonesia 2013 shine Hilya . <ref name="hafizid"/> Lokaci na biyu na Hafiz Indonesia ana watsa shi kowace rana a 14:00-16:00 WIB (2:00 pm - 4:00 pm) a lokacin Ramadan 1435/Yuli 2014. Da yake zuwa tare da sabon tsari, yara 32 daga ko'ina cikin Indonesia sun nuna ikon su na haddace da karanta ayoyin Alkur'ani ta hanyar matakai 5, wato: * Mataki na Salamah (ji), (2013-2019) * Mataki Ikhtirah (ji), (2020-yanzu) * Mataki Muqadimah (gabatarwa), (2013-2020) * Mataki na Ta'aruf (gabatarwa), (2021-yanzu) * Mataki na Izaalah (kawar da), * Mataki Syafa'at (wildcard), * Mataki na Musabaqah (ƙwallon ƙafa) * Mataki Wisuda Akbar (Id) /The Grand Graduation (Eng) (babban karshe). A wannan kakar wasan kwaikwayon ya shirya shi ne Irfan Hakim tare da alƙalai huɗu, wato [[Sheikh Aliyu Jaber|Syeikh Ali Jaber]], Farfesa Dr. Nasaruddin Umar, Farfesa Dokta Amir Faishol Fath, da Lulu Susanti.<ref name="hafizid"/> Mafi kyawun hafiz a cikin 2014 ya samo asali ne daga wani mai shekaru 6 daga Bangka mai suna Musa, wanda daga baya ya zama sananne da {{Lang|id|Musa Hafiz kecil}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2014 |title=Musa, Hafiz Cilik Indonesia Yang Bikin Ulama Saudi Tercengang |url=http://www.kapanlagi.com/intermezzone/musa-hafiz-cilik-indonesia-yang-bikin-ulama-saudi-tercengang-593b8d.html |access-date=2014-08-24 |website=Kapanlagi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2014 |title=Hafiz Cilik Musa Juga Hafal Hadist Arba'in Imam Nawawi |url=http://bangka.tribunnews.com/2014/04/12/hafiz-cilik-musa-juga-hafal-hadist-arbain-imam-nawawi |access-date=2014-08-24 |website=Tribunnews}}</ref> An ci gaba da taron a jere a cikin 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 da 2019. Gabaɗaya, kowane kakar yana da tsarin sunan Hafiz Indonesia [shekara], misali Hafiz Indonesia 2018. A cikin 2020, an san zagaye na sauraro da ''Ikhtirah'' kuma babu zagaye na Intercession. An watsa zagaye na Wildcard 1 rana bayan ''Ikhtirah'' 4. Tun daga shekara ta 2017, an gabatar da Jury na Nabila Abdul Rahim Bayan . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yusup |first=Dede |date=April 4, 2022 |title=Profil dan Biodata Nabila Abdul Rahim Bayan, Juri Hafiz Indonesia 2022: Umur, Pendidikan, Akun Sosial Media – Banten Raya |url=https://www.bantenraya.com/citizen/pr-1273138352/profil-dan-biodata-nabila-abdul-rahim-bayan-juri-hafiz-indonesia-2022-umur-pendidikan-akun-sosial-media |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=www.bantenraya.com |language=id}}</ref> === Jerin lokutan === ''Hafiz Indonesia'' == Alƙalai == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Shekaru ! rowspan="2" |Lokaci ! rowspan="2" |Masu gabatar da shirye-shirye ! colspan="6" |Alƙalai |- !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 !6 |- |2013 |1 | rowspan="13" |Irfan Hakim |Bashtiar Nasir | rowspan="4" |Lulu Susanti |Cecep Maulana |Riza Muhammad ! rowspan="7" |N/A ! rowspan="7" |N/A |- |2014 |2 | rowspan="5" |[[Sheikh Aliyu Jaber|Sheikh Ali Jaber]] | rowspan="10" |Amir Faishol Fath |Nasaruddin Umar |- |2015 |3 ! rowspan="3" |N/A |- |2016 |4 |- |2017 |5 | rowspan="9" |Nabila Abdul Rahim Bayan |- |2018 |6 |Syekh Abdul Karim Al-Makki |- |2019 |7 |Bashtiar Nasir |Habib Nabil Al Musawwa |- |2020 |8 | rowspan="2" |Syekh Ahmad Al- Misry |Syekh Abdul Karim Al-Makki |[[Sheikh Aliyu Jaber|Sheikh Ali Jaber]] |Syekh Thyazen Al Hakimi |- |2021 |9 ! rowspan="3" |N/A ! rowspan="3" |N/A ! rowspan="4" |N/A |- |2022 |10 | rowspan="3" |Syekh Hussein Jaber |- |2023 |11 |- |2024 |12 | rowspan="2" |Dennis Lim |{{Center|Ustadz Kasif Heer}} |Lulu Susanti |- |2025 |13 |Abi Amir Faishol Fath !Da'ad Latif !Taufiqurrahman !Subki Al-Bughury |} == Wadanda suka ci nasara == === Masu cin nasara daga lokutan === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%" ! rowspan="2" |Years ! colspan="5" |Champions |- ! style="background:gold;" |{{Color|black|1}}st ! style="background:silver;" |{{Color|black|2}}nd ! style="background:#a97142;" |{{Color|black|3}}rd ! style="background:#0096ff;" |{{Color|black|4}}th ! style="background:RGB(125,223,125);" |{{Color|black|5}}th |- !2013 |Hilya {{Flag|Jakarta}} |Farid {{Flag|Lampung}} |Rifa {{Flag|Jakarta}} |Raihan {{Flag|Central Java}} |  |- !2014 |Musa {{Flag|Bangka Belitung}} |Aza {{Flag|Jambi}} |Fu’adi {{Flag|West Nusa Tenggara}} |Denisa {{Flag|West Java}} |Abiw {{Flag|West Java}} |- !2015 |Aulia {{Flag|Central Java}} |Askar {{Flag|Aceh}} |Miftah {{Flag|Aceh}} |Neneng {{Flag|West Java}} |Hafizh {{Flag|North Sumatra}} |- !2016 |Ahsani {{Flag|West Java}} |Desofwa {{Flag|West Java}} |Unaysa {{Flag|Yogyakarta}} |Aja Naken {{Flag|North Sumatra}} |Aidah {{Flag|West Sumatra}} |- !2017 |Ahmad {{Flag|Central Java}} |Enri {{Flag|North Maluku}} |Kamil {{Flag|Central Java}} |Zahra {{Flag|West Java}} |Farhan {{Flag|North Sumatra}} |- !2018 |Aida {{Flag|East Java}} | style="background:Pink" |Muslim {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} |Aisyah {{Flag|South Sumatra}} |Wahib {{Flag|South Sulawesi}} |Rais {{Flag|East Kalimantan}} |- !2019 |Annisa {{Flag|Riau}} |Humaira {{Flag|Riau}} |Zuhrah {{Flag|South Sulawesi}} |Arim {{Flag|East Java}} |Naja {{Flag|West Nusa Tenggara}} |- !2020 |Afiqah {{Flag|North Kalimantan}} |Azka {{Flag|Jakarta}} |Icha {{Flag|East Java}} |Ahmad {{Flag|Southeast Sulawesi}} | style="background:Pink" |Ula {{Flag|Egypt}} |- !2021 |Aqeelah {{Flag|East Java}} |Rayyan {{Flag|Jambi}} |Khansa {{Flag|Bangka Belitung Islands}} |Yusuf {{Flag|Aceh}} |Fawwaz {{Flag|South Sumatra}} |- !2022 | style="background:Pink" |Lukman {{Flag|New Zealand}} |Nadhif {{Flag|East Java}} |Billy {{Flag|Jakarta}} |Hanny {{Flag|South Sumatra}} |Haura {{Flag|East Kalimantan}} |- !2023 |Akil {{Flag|Riau}} | style="background:Pink" |Sulaiman {{Flag|Egypt}} |Kautsar {{Flag|Central Java}} |Ibam {{Flag|South Sumatra}} |Hasna {{Flag|Riau Islands}} |- !2024 |Gibran {{Flag|North Sumatra}} |Yukiko {{Flag|West Java}} |Arfan {{Flag|Riau Islands}} |Calvin {{Flag|West Java}} |Zubair {{Flag|East Java}} |- !2025 |Yasmin {{Flag|East Java}} | style="background:Pink" |Naufal {{Flag|Australia}} |Izzah {{Flag|North Maluku}} |Mora {{Flag|East Java}} | style="background:Pink" |Hamzah {{Flag|Egypt}} |- !2026 | | | | | |} === Wadanda suka lashe gasar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%" ! rowspan="2" |Shekaru ! colspan="6" |Sashe |- !Afshah !Ajwad !Aqwa !Ahfadz !Ajmal !Akram |- |2017 |Farhan |Enri |Kamil |Ahmad |Zahra |  |- |2018 |Aida |Aisha |Wahib |Hamza |Kayla |  |- |2019 |Salwaa |Arim |Naja |Annisa |Humaira |  |- |2020 |Filza |Hanif |Azka |Hafidz |Afiqah |Ahmad |- |2021 |Rayyan |Aqeelah |Khansa |Yusuf |Fawwaz |Ainun |- |2022 |Lukman |Shasha |Billy |Hanny |Haura |Hanny |- |2023 |Asma |Nadia Inara |Akil |Hafizhah |Farid |Kautsar |- |2024 |Gibran |Yukiko |Arfan |Zayyan |Azka |Calvin |- |2025 |Hamza |Yasmin |Jirgin ruwa |Aly |Izzah |Mora |- |2026 | | | | | | |} ==== Bayani ==== * Wanda ya lashe kakar 2013 kawai ya shiga cikin manyan hudu <ref>{{Cite web |last=Merah |first=Jaket |date=August 13, 2013 |title=Pemenang Wisuda Akbar Hafidz Indonesia 2013 |url=https://shemurie.wordpress.com/2013/08/13/pemenang-wisuda-akbar-hafidz-indonesia-2013/ |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=Baiti Jannati |language=id |via=[[WordPress.com]]}}</ref> * Nasarar Lukman a 2022 ta nuna ƙarshen prefix A a matsayin mai nasara a cikin shekaru 7 da suka gabata (2015-2021), kuma shine shekarar farko da mai nasara na farko baƙo ne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yasin |first=Nur |title=Profil Biodata Lukman Pemenang Juara 1 Hafiz Indonesia 2022: IG Instagram, Umur, Asal Negara Mana |url=https://mediablitar.pikiran-rakyat.com/hiburan/pr-324396956/profil-biodata-lukman-pemenang-juara-1-hafiz-indonesia-2022-ig-instagram-umur-asal-negara-mana |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=mediablitar.pikiran-rakyat.com |language=id}}</ref> * Yasmin shine zakara na farko na Hafiz Indonesia wanda kuma mutum ne mai nakasa. * Hanny ita ce ta farko da ta shiga tare da masu cin nasara 2 a lokaci guda (Ahfadz & Akram) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yulisa |first=Lutfi |title=Profil Biodata Hanny Peserta Hafiz Indonesia 2022 Hafal 30 Juz Lengkap Umur, Arti Nama dan Asal |url=https://metrolampungnews.pikiran-rakyat.com/religi/pr-1364150837/profil-biodata-hanny-peserta-hafiz-indonesia-2022-hafal-30-juz-lengkap-umur-arti-nama-dan-asal |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=metrolampungnews.pikiran-rakyat.com |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=InfoPublik – Hanny Virginia Anggraini, Putri Asal Muara Enim Juara 4 Hafiz Indonesia 2022 |url=https://infopublik.id/kategori/nusantara/667722/hanny-virginia-anggraini-putri-asal-muara-enim-juara-4-hafiz-indonesia-2022 |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=infopublik.id |language=id}}</ref> * Ahsani, Ahmad, da Annisa sune masu cin nasara na Hafiz Indonesia tare da 30 Alƙalai na haddace Alkur'ani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahsani, Hafiz Cilik Indonesia yang Harumkan Nama Bangsa di Kancah Internasional |url=https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2016/08/19/ahsani-hafiz-cilik-indonesia-yang-harumkan-nama-bangsa-di-kancah-internasional |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=Tribunnews.com |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmad asal tegal jadi juara 1 Hafiz Indonesia 2017 RCTI, Enri juara ke-2 dan Kamil juara ke-3 |url=http://hiburan.lintas.info/2017/06/ahmad-asal-tegal-jadi-juara-1-hafiz.html |access-date=2023-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316071610/http://hiburan.lintas.info/2017/06/ahmad-asal-tegal-jadi-juara-1-hafiz.html |archive-date=2023-03-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2020 |title=Kisah Hidup Ahmad dan Kamil, Bocah 'Google Al-Quran' dari Indonesia, Pernah Jadi Pengemis |url=https://www.indozone.id/news/N4snaz4/kisah-hidup-ahmad-dan-kamil-bocah-google-al-quran-dari-indonesia-pernah-jadi-pengemis |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=indozone.id |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Usman |date=January 21, 2018 |title=Juara Hafiz Indonesia 2019, Bupati Bengkalis Beri Apresiasi kepada Annisa dan Humaira |url=https://www.riaumandiri.co/read/detail/70914/juara-hafiz-indonesia-2019-bupati-bengkalis-beri-apresiasi-kepada-annisa-dan-humaira |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=riaumandiri |language=id}}</ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="5%" |Shekara ! width="5%" |Kyautar ! width="5%" |Sashe ! width="5%" |Sakamakon |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |'''[[Anugerah Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia 2014]]''' |Shirin Yara Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |'''[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2014|Kyautar Gobel ta Panasonic ta 2014]]''' |Shirin Yara| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |'''[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2015|Kyautar Gobel ta Panasonic 2015]]''' |Shirin Yara da Ayyuka| {{Won}} |- |'''[[Penghargaan Program Siaran Ramadhan 2015|Shirin nunawa Siaran Ramadan 2015]]''' |Nunin Talent| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |'''[[Indonesian Television Awards 2017|Kyautar Talabijin ta Indonesia ta 2017]]''' |Shirye-shiryen Ramadan da suka fi shahara| {{Won}} |- |'''[[Anugerah Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia 2017]]''' |Shirin Yara Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |'''[[Indonesian Television Awards 2018|Kyautar Talabijin ta Indonesia ta 2018]]''' |Shirye-shiryen Ramadan da suka fi shahara| {{Won}} |- |'''[[Anugerah Syiar Ramadhan 1439 H|Anugerah Syiar Ramadan 1439 H]]''' |Binciken Kwarewa| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |'''[[Indonesian Television Awards 2019|Kyautar Talabijin ta Indonesia ta 2019]]''' |Shirye-shiryen Ramadan da suka fi shahara| {{Won}} |- |'''[[Anugerah Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia 2019]]''' |Shirin Yara Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |2020 |'''[[Indonesian Television Awards 2020|Kyautar Talabijin ta Indonesia 2020]]''' |Shirin Ramadan da ya fi shahara ba tare da wasan kwaikwayo ba| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" |2021 |'''[[Indonesian Television Awards 2021|Kyautar Talabijin ta Indonesia 2021]]''' |Shirin Ramadan da ya fi shahara ba tare da wasan kwaikwayo ba| {{Won}} |- |'''[[Anugerah Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia 2021]]''' |Shirin Yara Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |'''[[Anugerah Syiar Ramadan 2022]]''' |Taron baiwa| {{Won}} |- |'''[[Indonesian Television Awards 2022|Kyautar Talabijin ta Indonesia 2022]]''' |Shirin Ramadan da ya fi shahara ba tare da wasan kwaikwayo ba| {{Won}} |- |2023 |'''[[Indonesian Television Awards 2023|Kyautar Talabijin ta Indonesiya ta 2023]]''' |Shirin Ramadan da ya fi shahara ba tare da wasan kwaikwayo ba| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |'''[[Anugerah Syiar Ramadan 2024]]''' |Binciken Kwarewa Mafi Kyawu| rowspan="2" {{Won}} |- |'''[[Indonesian Television Awards 2024|Kyautar Talabijin ta Indonesiya ta 2024]]''' | rowspan="2" |Shirin Ramadan da ya fi shahara ba tare da wasan kwaikwayo ba |- |2025 |'''[[Indonesian Television Awards 2025|Kyautar Talabijin ta Indonesia ta 2025]]''' | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Hafiz Indonesiaa kanFacebook 3xkd40ur6uvg627uge19n6toy1t4ucy 0 142026 975218 800387 2026-11-02T16:35:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975218 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eva Roberta Coles Boone''' (1880–1902) malamar Baƙar fata ce kuma mai wa'azin Baptist daga Charlottesville, Virginia, wacce ta yi aiki tare da mijinta Clinton Caldwell Boone a abin da a da ake kira Kongo Free State, yanzu [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Congo]] . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Eva Roberta Coles a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1880, a Charlottesville, Virginia . <ref> name="hbcu">{{Cite web |last=Culpepper |first=Reginald |title=Eva Roberta Coles-Boone |url=http://hbcuconnect.com/content/25990/eva-roberta-coles-boone |access-date=16 April 2018 |website=HBCU Connect}}</ref> Coles ta halarci Kwalejin Tunawa da Hartshorn, kwaleji ta farko a duniya ga mata masu launin fata. <ref> name="vuu" </ref> <ref> name="hbcu" </ref> <ref> name="African American Registry">{{Cite web |title=Eva Boone, a dedicated teacher |url=https://aaregistry.org/story/eva-boone-a-dedicated-teacher/ |access-date=6 February 2019 |website=African American Registry |language=en}}</ref> Ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1899. <ref> name="hbcu" </ref> <ref> name="vuu" </ref> == Aiki da iyali == Bayan kammala karatunsa, Coles ya koma Charlottesville don koyarwa. <ref> name="hbcu">{{Cite web |last=Culpepper |first=Reginald |title=Eva Roberta Coles-Boone |url=http://hbcuconnect.com/content/25990/eva-roberta-coles-boone |access-date=16 April 2018 |website=HBCU Connect}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCulpepper">Culpepper, Reginald. [http://hbcuconnect.com/content/25990/eva-roberta-coles-boone "Eva Roberta Coles-Boone"]. ''HBCU Connect''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 1901, Coles ya auri Clinton Caldwell Boone, wanda ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Jami'ar Virginia Union, wanda ke da wani yanki a arewacin Hartshorn, kuma ya sami digirin Allahntaka a shekara ta 1900. <ref name="hbcu" /> Ɗan wani fasto ne, an haife shi kuma ya girma a gundumar Hertford, North Carolina . Boone da mijinta sun sami alƙawarin zuwa filin aikin wa'azi, wanda ƙungiyar mishan ta Baptist ta Amurka da kuma taron ƙungiyar mishan ta Lott Carey ta ƙasashen waje suka tallafa masa. Sun isa tashar Palabala da ke lardin Katanga na Kongo Free State a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 1901. A wannan lokacin, abin mamaki ne kuma abin cece-kuce ga ƙungiyoyin addinai na Amurka su bai wa mutanen da ba su da launin fata damar yin hidima a Afirka. A tashar Palabala, ta koyar da yara ƙanana, <ref name="rtd">{{Cite web |last=Perkins |first=Claude Grandford |date=6 September 2014 |title=Virginia Union's First 150 Years: A bridge to intellectual freedom and equality |url=http://www.richmond.com/opinion/their-opinion/virginia-union-s-first-years-a-bridge-to-intellectual-freedom/article_2e6c6a09-0830-5c1b-81a5-5e3ba748a89f.html |access-date=16 April 2018 |website=Richmond Times-Dispatch}}</ref> ta ba da magani, kuma ta shirya da'irar dinki ga matan ƙauyen. <ref name="hbcu">{{Cite web |last=Culpepper |first=Reginald |title=Eva Roberta Coles-Boone |url=http://hbcuconnect.com/content/25990/eva-roberta-coles-boone |access-date=16 April 2018 |website=HBCU Connect}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCulpepper">Culpepper, Reginald. [http://hbcuconnect.com/content/25990/eva-roberta-coles-boone "Eva Roberta Coles-Boone"]. ''HBCU Connect''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="eaar" /> Ta yi ƙoƙarin koya wa mata dinki, amma a al'adar mutanen Kongo, maza sun mamaye wannan aikin a al'ada. A hankali ta yi aiki don canza haramcin al'adu ga mata dinki. <ref name="eaar" /> Matan ƙauyen sun kira ta "Mama Bunu". <ref name="hbcu" /> Coles ta mutu sakamakon cizon dafi a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 1902, a Palaballa, Jihar 'Yanci ta Congo (wanda yanzu take cikin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo). <ref name="rtd">{{Cite web |last=Perkins |first=Claude Grandford |date=6 September 2014 |title=Virginia Union's First 150 Years: A bridge to intellectual freedom and equality |url=http://www.richmond.com/opinion/their-opinion/virginia-union-s-first-years-a-bridge-to-intellectual-freedom/article_2e6c6a09-0830-5c1b-81a5-5e3ba748a89f.html |access-date=16 April 2018 |website=Richmond Times-Dispatch}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPerkins2014">Perkins, Claude Grandford (6 September 2014). [http://www.richmond.com/opinion/their-opinion/virginia-union-s-first-years-a-bridge-to-intellectual-freedom/article_2e6c6a09-0830-5c1b-81a5-5e3ba748a89f.html "Virginia Union's First 150 Years: A bridge to intellectual freedom and equality"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127030521/https://richmond.com/opinion/their-opinion/virginia-union-s-first-years-a-bridge-to-intellectual-freedom/article_2e6c6a09-0830-5c1b-81a5-5e3ba748a89f.html |date=2024-11-27 }}. ''Richmond Times-Dispatch''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="hbcu"/> Ita da mijinta sun fuskanci mutuwar ɗansu tun suna jariri. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} jle66wfrmzxwsn0kkzdld4n9cv91diq 0 144442 975279 806867 2026-11-02T17:48:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatima Abdel Mahmoud''' (27 Yuli 1944, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fatima Ahmed Abdel Mahmoud Moham |url=http://www.smolec.pl/kobiety/fatima_ahmed.htm}}</ref> [[Omdurman]], [[Sudan]]–22 Yuli 2018, [[Landan|London, Ingila]] <ref name="death">{{Cite web |title=Fatima, Sudan's first female presidential candidate, dies at 74 |url=https://radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/fatima-sudan-s-first-female-presidential-candidate-dies-at-74 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726040622/http://radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/fatima-sudan-s-first-female-presidential-candidate-dies-at-74 |archive-date=2018-07-26 |access-date=2018-07-24}}</ref>) 'yar siyasa ce ta Sudan, shugabar ƙungiyar 'yan gurguzu ta Sudan. A shekarar 1973, tana ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka riƙe muƙaman siyasa a Sudan, kuma ta shiga zaɓen gama gari na watan Afrilun 2010 a matsayin 'yar takarar shugaban ƙasa mace ta farko a ƙasar.<ref name="death"/> == Aikin majalisar dokoki == An haifi Abdel Mahmoud a ranar 27 ga watan Yuli, 1944. Ta karanci likitanci a [[Moscow]], [[Rasha]], a shekarun 1960 <ref name="reu3" /> kuma ta cancanci zama likitan yara. <ref name="reu2" /> A shekarar 1973 aka naɗa ta Mataimakiyar Ministar Matasa, Wasanni, da Harkokin Jama'a. Wannan naɗin, tare da na [[Sayeda Nafisa Ahmed al Amin]] a matsayin memba na kwamitin siyasa na ƙungiyar gurguzu ta Sudan mai mulki, ya zama labari na duniya a daidai lokacin da kiyasin zamani ya nuna cewa [[Ilimin karatu|mata 'yan]] Sudan suna da kashi 10%.<ref name="reu3">{{Cite news |first=Don |last=Dallas |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/04/08/archives/sudanese-women-seek-new-path-arrangements-for-princess.html |date=8 April 1973 |title=Sudanese women seek new path |publisher=Reuters }}</ref> Abdel Mahmoud ya yi aiki a majalisar dokoki tsawon shekaru goma. <ref name="reu2" /> == Takarar Shugaban Ƙasa == A watan Afrilun 2010, Sudan ta gudanar da zaɓen farko mai cike da takaddama (wato na farko da ya haɗa da 'yan takara daga jam'iyyun adawa) tun daga shekarar 1986. Hukumar Zaɓe ta Ƙasa ta Sudan ta ƙi amincewa da takarar Abdel Mahmoud, tare da na wasu 'yan takara biyu, a watan Janairun 2010, inda Hukumar Zaɓe ta Ƙasa ta Sudan ta yi iƙirarin cewa kamfen ɗin Abdel Mahmoud ya gaza samun tambarin da ake buƙata a kan jerin sa hannun da ake buƙata don amincewa da takararta.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE60T25E20100130 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715235931/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE60T25E20100130 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 15, 2012 |publisher=Reuters |title=Sudan rejects three presidential candidates |date=30 January 2010 |first=Opheera |last=McDoom }}</ref> Abdel Mahmoud da magoya bayanta sun yi zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa da shawarar, wacce suka bayyana a matsayin wakiltar wani makirci ga mata, kuma kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta sake dawo da takararta kafin zaɓen.<ref name="reu2">{{Cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLDE6372BT._CH_.2420 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210204/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLDE6372BT._CH_.2420 |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 March 2016 |title=FACTBOX-Sudan's main presidential candidates |date=8 April 2010 |first=Andrew |last=Heavens |author2=Opheera McDoom |publisher=Reuters }}</ref> Jam'iyyun adawa da dama daga ƙarshe sun ƙauracewa zaɓen, suna iƙirarin cewa an yi maguɗi a zaɓen don goyon bayan shugaban ƙasa mai ci [[Omar al-Bashir]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/in-sudan-hope-for-change-fades-as-election-nears/article1525586/ |publisher=Globe and Mail |first=Geoffrey |last=York |title=In Sudan, hope for change fades as election nears |date=6 April 2010 }}</ref> Al-Bashir ya ci gaba da lashe zaɓen da kyau. Sakamakon zaɓen ya nuna cewa Abdel Mahmoud ya samu kashi 0.3% na jimillar ƙuri'un. Daga baya ta tsaya takara a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2015 a Sudan, <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=11 April 2015 |title=How Sudan's general election works |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32225497 |access-date=11 September 2017 |website=bbc.co.uk |publisher=BBC}}</ref> inda ta zo ta uku a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa kuma jam'iyyarta ba ta sami kujeru a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=27 April 2015 |title=Announcement of the Results of the April 2015 General Election |url=http://nec.org.sd/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AC-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072336/http://nec.org.sd/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AC-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-2015.pdf |archive-date=18 May 2015 |access-date=11 September 2017 |website=nec.org.uk |publisher=National Election Commission for Sudan}}</ref> == Sauran ayyuka == [[Fayil:FAO_CERES2_Mahmoud_Silver_Obverse.jpg|thumb|Lambar Yabo ta FAO CERES - Azurfa Obverse]] An karrama ta da lambar yabo ta FAO CERES a shekarar 1976. Abdel Mahmoud ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Hukumar Kula da Mata a Kimiyya da Fasaha [[UNESCO|ta UNESCO]], wacce [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Sudan]] ta ɗauki nauyin shiryawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2010 |title=UNITWIN |url=http://www.unesco.org/en/university-twinning-and-networking/access-by-region/africa/sudan/unesco-chair-in-women-science-and-technology-624/ |access-date=11 September 2017 |website=UNESCO |publisher=UNESCO |quote=}}</ref> <ref> {{Cite web |title=UNESCO Chair for Women in Science and Technology |url=https://unesco.sustech.edu/about/about-us/ |access-date=2021-12-21 |publisher=Sudan University of Science and Technology |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221061714/https://unesco.sustech.edu/about/about-us/ |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta rasu a Landan, Ingila a ranar 22 ga watan Yuli, 2018, kwana biyar kafin cikarta shekaru 74. <ref name="death"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] g1yk8fv7fzr4trv1hxgmx44ln4tfb5t 0 145234 975171 809098 2026-11-02T14:24:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ella Onojuvwevwo''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Maris 2005) 'yar tseren Najeriya ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ella Onojuvwevwo |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/nigeria/ella-onojuvwevwo-14888449 |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=World Athletics}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == A watan Nuwamba na 2022, ta amince ta shiga Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana da ke Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2022 |title=Ella Onojuvwevwo joins Ofili at LSU |url=https://sportsnow.com.ng/ella-onojuvwevwo-joins-ofili-at-lsu/ |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Sportsnow}}</ref> == Sana'a == A shekarar 2021, ta lashe zinare a matsayin wani ɓangare na tseren {{Nowrap|4 × 400 m}} na mata da kuma tseren {{Nowrap|4 × 400 m}} da aka haɗa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 2021 da aka yi a [[Nairobi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Top Nigerian NCAA athletes to watch out for in 2023 |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/athletics/story/top-nigerian-ncaa-athletes-to-watch-out-for-in-2023-2023010417192326949 |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Pulsports.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2021 |title=Team Nigeria third in World Athletics U20 with four gold, three bronze |url=https://gazettengr.com/team-nigeria-third-in-world-athletics-u20-with-four-gold-three-bronze/ |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Gazettengr}}</ref> Onojuvwevwo ta lashe lambar azurfa a [[Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2022 a Wasanni|Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2022]] a tseren {{Nowrap|4 × 400 m}} da aka yi a [[Moris|Mauritius]], sannan ta lashe tagulla a gasar tseren {{Nowrap|4 × 400 m}} na mata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2022 |title=Mixed 4x400 Metres Relay Final |url=https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7147626?eventId=10229988 |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=World Athletics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2022 |title=Team Nigeria Review – 2022 African Championships Day 5 |url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2022/06/12/team-nigeria-review-2022-african-championships-day-5/ |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Making of Champs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303231752/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2022/06/12/team-nigeria-review-2022-african-championships-day-5/ |archive-date=3 March 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta kasance cikin tawagar Najeriya da ta fafata a tseren mita 400 da tseren {{Nowrap|4 × 400 m}} a Gasar Commonwealth ta 2022 da aka yi a Birmingham, inda ta cancanci shiga wasan karshe kuma ta kare a matsayi na shida. Onojuvwevwo ta yi takarar Najeriya a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar tseren {{Nowrap|4 × 400 m}} a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2023 da za a yi a [[Budapest]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2023 |title=Amusan Out As AFN Unveils Team For World Championships |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/08/09/amusan-out-as-afn-unveils-team-for-world-championships/ |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Channelstv}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2024, ta rage gudunta na musamman a tsawon mita 400 zuwa daƙiƙa 51.32 a Florida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2024 |title=Ogazi & Onojuvwevwo blast to PBs at Tom Jones Memorial Classic! |url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2024/04/14/ogazi-onojuvwevwo-blast-to-pbs-at-tom-jones-memorial-classic/ |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Making of Champs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511103301/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2024/04/14/ogazi-onojuvwevwo-blast-to-pbs-at-tom-jones-memorial-classic/ |archive-date=11 May 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Onojuvwevwo ta fafata wa Najeriya a gasar tseren mita 4x400 ta duniya da aka yi a [[Nassau|Nassau, Bahamas]] a shekarar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2024 |title=Ofili, Okere made our jons easy in Bahamas says AFN |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/ofili-okezie-made-our-job-easy-in-bahamas-says-afn/ |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Guarianng}}</ref> Da lokacin da ya kai 3:12.87, tawagar 'yan wasan Najeriya ta Mixed 4x400m, wato Onojuvwevwo, Samuel Ogazi, Chidi Okezie da [[Esther Yusufu|Esther Joseph,]] sun kafa sabon tarihi a Najeriya da kuma tarihin nahiyar Afirka a taron da aka yi a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2024. A ƙarshen mako mai zuwa ta rage ƙarfinta na kashin kanta zuwa daƙiƙa 50.57 a gasar SEC da aka yi a Florida. Lokacin ya cika matsayin cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 kuma ya sanya ta zama mace 'yar Najeriya mafi sauri tun lokacin da [[Falilat Ogunkoya]] ta yi tseren daƙiƙa 50.50 a 2001, kuma ta sanya ta ta biyar a jerin 'yan wasan Najeriya da suka fi kowa gudu a tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2024 |title=Onojuvwevwo runs fastest 400m by a Nigerian woman since 2001 to qualify for Paris 2024 Olympics! |url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2024/05/11/onojuvwevwo-runs-fastest-400m-by-a-nigerian-woman-since-2001-to-qualify-for-paris-2024-olympics/ |website=Making of Champs |access-date=13 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250215232225/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2024/05/11/onojuvwevwo-runs-fastest-400m-by-a-nigerian-woman-since-2001-to-qualify-for-paris-2024-olympics/ |archive-date=15 February 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta fafata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024 a kan mita 400 a watan Agusta na 2024, inda ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2024 |title=Women's 400m Hurdles Results – Paris Olympic Games 2024 Athletics |url=https://www.watchathletics.com/page/5840/women-s-400m-hurdles-results-paris-olympic-games-2024-athletics#google_vignette |access-date=29 August 2024 |website=Watch Athletics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2024 |title=AFN lists 35 track-and-field athletes for Olympics |url=https://punchng.com/afn-lists-35-track-and-field-athletes-for-olympics/?amp |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=punchng.com}}</ref> Ta kuma fafata a gasar tseren <nowiki><span about="#mwt54" class="nowrap" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;partial&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;mandatoryTargetParams&amp;quot;:[],&amp;quot;optionalTargetParams&amp;quot;:[]}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Nowrap&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Samfuri:Nowrap&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;4 × 400 m&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwYA" typeof="mw:Transclusion">4 × 400 m</span></nowiki> da aka haɗa a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2024 |title=Mixed 4 x 400 Metres Relay – Paris Olympic Games 2024 Athletics |url=https://www.watchathletics.com/page/5829/4x400m-mixed-relay-results-paris-olympic-games-2024-athletics |access-date=28 December 2024 |website=Watch Athletics}}</ref> Ta samu matsayi na biyu mafi sauri a tseren mita 400 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 2024 da aka yi a [[Lima|Lima, Peru]], kafin ta zo ta biyar a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2024 |title=Reid and Walaza win world U20 100m titles in Lima |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-u20-championships/lima24/news/report/day-two-afternoon-lima-24-reid-walaza-koscak-han-amidzovski |access-date=29 August 2024 |website=World Athletics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2024 |title=Women's 400m Results – World Athletics Junior U20 Championships 2024 |url=https://www.watchathletics.com/page/5916/women-s-400m-results-world-athletics-junior-u20-championships-2024 |access-date=24 November 2024 |website=watch athletics}}</ref> A gasar da ta yi da Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana, Onojuvwevwo ta lashe tseren mita 400 a cikin daƙiƙa 50.92 a gaban Dejanea Oakley a Gasar Cin Kofin Cikin Gida ta SEC ta 2026. [1] Ta cancanci shiga Gasar Cin Kofin Cikin Gida ta NCAA Division I ta 2026. [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0z30mfla36u8qdf84uz0bi87mv7l8ks 0 145360 975161 891311 2026-11-02T12:32:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eseohe Arhebamen''' ko '''Eseohe Arhebamen-Yamasaki''', wanda aka fi sani da Edoheart (an haife ta '''Obehioye Eseohe Ikhianose Oghomwenyenmwen Cleopatra Anne Arhebamen'''), mawaki ne, mai rawa, mawaƙi, mawaƙi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2020 |title=Exclusive Interview Inside "For The Love – EP" With Nigerian Born Artist Edoheart |url=https://www.demandafrica.com/entertainment/music/exclusive-inside-for-the-love-ep-with-nigerian-born-artist-edoheart/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229165828/https://www.demandafrica.com/entertainment/music/exclusive-inside-for-the-love-ep-with-nigerian-born-artist-edoheart/ |archive-date=29 February 2020 |website=Demand Africa}}</ref><ref name="EP">{{Cite web |last=Kressa |first=Kaarel |date=24 April 2009 |title=Viies esituskunsti festival Diverse Universe meenutab maailma mitmekesisust |url=http://www.epl.ee/artikkel/466508 |access-date=5 April 2010 |website=Eesti Payaleht}}</ref><ref name="PP">{{Cite web |last=Kivila |first=Marian |date=28 April 2009 |title=Pärnu kunstihallis kohtusid nüüdisaegne tants ja macho-metal |url=http://www.parnupostimees.ee/?id=112386 |access-date=5 April 2010 |website=Pärnu Postimees }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="SIRP">{{Cite web |last=Kivila |first=Marian |date=8 May 2009 |title=Ikka teel |url=http://www.sirp.ee/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8743:ikka-teel&catid=6:kunst&Itemid=10&issue=3251 |access-date=5 April 2010 |website=SIRP Eesti Kultuurileht Number 18 (3251)}}</ref><ref name="Hankooki">{{Cite web |last=정 |first=영주 |date=3 September 2008 |title=국내 최대 실험예술 축제 열린다 |url=http://weekly.hankooki.com/lpage/08_life/200809/wk20080903133924100510.htm |access-date=5 April 2010 |website=[[Hankook Ilbo]]}}</ref><ref name="12Q">{{Cite web |last=Keralis |first=Spencer |date=4 April 2011 |title=Eseohe Arhebamen |url=https://12questionslmp.wordpress.com/2011/04/04/eseohe-arhebamen/ |access-date=5 May 2011 |website=12 Questions}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lebrave |first=Benjamin |date=31 August 2010 |title=Huuuuuuge: Edoheart - Akwaaba Music |url=http://www.akwaabamusic.com/blog/huuuuuuge-edoheart/ |access-date=5 October 2013 |publisher=Akwaaba Music}}</ref> An haifi Eseohe a [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]], [[Najeriya]] kuma ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta na [[Masarautar Benin|Daular Benin]] . Kakar mahaifiyar Eseohe Arhebamen ita ce Gimbiya Theresa Maria Nodumwenben Osazuwa, gimbiya ce ta [[Mutanen Edo]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paldrok |first=Al |date=2009 |title=Eseohe Arhebamen |url=http://www.performance.ee/2009/eseohe%20arhebamen.htm |access-date=5 October 2013 |publisher=Diverse Universe Performance Festival |archive-date=20 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120055431/http://www.performance.ee/2009/eseohe%20arhebamen.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kakan kakan Eseohe Arhebamen Osazuwa Eredia, mahaifin Gimbiya Theresa Osazuwa, shi ne Oba N"Ugu da Enogie na Umoghumwun, wanda ya sa Eseohe Rhebamen ya zama zuriyar sarauta da sarauniya. "Tushen Masarautar Ugu, tare da babban birninta a Umoghumwun an gano shi ne ga Yarima Idu, ɗan fari na Oba Eweka I. " == Rayuwar farko == Eseohe Arhebamen ita ce 'yar'uwa mafi girma a cikin 'yan'uwa biyar kuma galibi tana taka rawa a cikin tarbiyyar su. Tana da shekaru bakwai <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wong |first=Cyril |date=November 2005 |title=Eseohe Arhebamen |url=http://www.softblow.org/arhebamen.html |access-date=5 April 2010 |website=Softblow |archive-date=2 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202104816/http://www.softblow.org/arhebamen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iyalan Eseohe sun yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka suka zauna a [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] . Tana da shekaru 17 ta yi rajista a Jami'ar Michigan a Kwalejin Gidaje. Duk da cewa an ƙarfafa ta sosai ta nemi aikin likitanci a matsayin hanyar aiki, Eseohe ta bi sha'awarta ga waƙa, harshe da fasaha. A matsayinta na ɗalibi mai digiri na farko Eseohe ta mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin adabi da aiki a matsayin hanyar da za ta shafi canjin zamantakewa. <ref name="EJ">{{Cite web |date=21 November 2002 |title=The Environmental Justice Poetry Slam Ann Arbor, MI |url=http://eji.snre.umich.edu/poetryslam.html |access-date=5 April 2010 |website=Environmental Justice Initiative |publisher=The University of Michigan - School of Natural Resources & Environment |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416194502/https://eji.snre.umich.edu/poetryslam.html |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yayin da take Jami'ar Michigan, Eseohe ta sami kyaututtuka masu daraja saboda rubuce-rubucenta <ref name="12Q"/> <ref name="120WA">{{Cite web |last=Mendler |first=Janet Nellis |date=3 May 2000 |title=Students share more than $120,000 in writing awards |url=http://www.ns.umich.edu/new/releases/3474-students-share-more-than-120-000-in-writing-awards |access-date=5 April 2010 |publisher=University of Michigan News Service}}</ref> kuma an haɗa ta a cikin waɗanda suka lashe kyautar Jami'ar Michigan Anthology of Hopwood Award. == Sana'a == Tana da shekaru 19, Eseohe ta sami matsayin Marubuci a Gida tare da InsideOut Literary Arts a [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] kuma ta yi aiki da yara a makarantun da ke cikin birni marasa galihu don faɗaɗa ƙwarewarsu ta adabi. Bayan ta koma New York a shekarar 2003, Eseohe ta kafa kamfanin EdoHeart wanda aka rubuta da Edoheart wanda ya zama sunan wasan kwaikwayo nata. Eseohe Arhebamen tana da alaƙa da Edoheart. Eseohe ta sami digirin farko na Fasaha daga Jami'ar Michigan a fannin Rubutu da Adabi Mai Kirkire-kirkire a watan Agusta, 2005, sannan ta sake samun wani digiri na farko na Fasaha a Fasahar Studio tare da ƙaramin digiri na Turanci daga Kwalejin Hunter . Ta ci gaba da kammala karatun digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar New York tare da digiri na biyu a fannin Nazarin Aiki, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin wanda aka samo daga nazarin fasahar wasan kwaikwayo, ilimin ɗan adam da zamantakewa, ka'idar adabi, da nazarin shari'a. Eseohe ya kuma yi karatun rawa sosai tare da Yukio Waguri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2009 |title=Tisch Performance Studies Biography of Eseohe Arhebamen |url=http://performance.tisch.nyu.edu/object/eseohearhebamen.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012035837/http://performance.tisch.nyu.edu/object/eseohearhebamen.html |archive-date=12 October 2013 |access-date=30 September 2013 |publisher=New York University}}</ref> Abubuwan da suka fi jan hankali a cikin ayyukan gwaji na Eseohe Arhebamen sune ƙirƙirar yanayi daban-daban, da [[Waƙa|waƙoƙi]] da maganganun murya a matsayin tushen motsi. <ref name="12Q"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2011 |title=Eseohe Arhebamen : Tisch School of the Arts at NYU |url=http://performance.tisch.nyu.edu/object/eseohearhebamen.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012035837/http://performance.tisch.nyu.edu/object/eseohearhebamen.html |archive-date=12 October 2013 |access-date=5 October 2013 |publisher=New York University}}</ref> Ta yi aikin tsara da koyarwa ko jagorantar bita da suka shafi waɗannan fannoni masu ban sha'awa a Kwalejin Malamai ta Jami'ar Columbia da The Living Theatre . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namerow |first=Evan |date=7 August 2009 |title=Butoh Workshop at The Living Theatre " Dancing Perfectly Free |url=http://dancingperfectlyfree.com/2009/08/07/butoh-workshop-at-the-living-theatre/ |access-date=5 April 2010 |publisher=Dancing Perfectly Free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shieh |first=Eric |date=24 April 2009 |title=Teachers College - Columbia University: Calendar |url=http://www.tc.columbia.edu/calendar/index.htm?EventID=6403 |access-date=5 April 2010 |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> Eseohe Arhebamen ta fito a talabijin da labarai na Koriya da Amurka, da kuma jaridun Amurka, Estonia da Latvia. <ref name="EP"/> <ref name="PP"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2008 |title=Daum tv팟 - 실험에술월드엑스포_Eseohe Arhebamen,김석환 홍대앞 퍼포머들 / 실험예술월드엑스포_Eseohe Arhebamen,김석환,더 벨리댄,들소리 4 - 동영상 |url=http://see.daum.net/clip/ClipView.do?clipid=10149269&q=%EA%B9%80%EC%84%9D |access-date=5 April 2010 |publisher=DAUM TV}}{{Dead link|date=December 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2012 |title=NYC Media - NYC Life |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/media/html/tv/nyctv_life_arttrek_episodes.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006052751/http://www.nyc.gov/html/media/html/tv/nyctv_life_arttrek_episodes.shtml |archive-date=6 October 2013 |access-date=5 October 2013 |publisher=The City of New York}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, mawakiya Kalup Linzy ta zaɓe ta don ta fito a cikin wani [[Documentary film|shirin gaskiya]] game da mawakan New York. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2012 |title=New NYC Art Reality Show Debuts TONIGHT, With Kalup Linzy |url=http://blogs.artinfo.com/artintheair/2012/01/09/new-nyc-art-reality-show-debuts-tonight-with-kalup-linzy/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113200313/http://blogs.artinfo.com/artintheair/2012/01/09/new-nyc-art-reality-show-debuts-tonight-with-kalup-linzy/ |archive-date=13 January 2012 |access-date=5 October 2013 |website=In the Air: Art News & Gossip |publisher=ARTINFO.com}}</ref> Eseohe Arhebamen kuma ta bayyana a cikin faifan bidiyo da aka haɗa a cikin takaddun mawaƙiya Anne Waldman da aka saya ta ɗakin karatu na musamman na Jami'ar Michigan . == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Butoh vocal == Eseohe Arhebamen ita ce 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta fara yin wasan butoh na asali da kuma na asali. <ref name="SPalms">{{Cite web |last=Anna |date=30 April 2011 |title=Nigeriansk Butoh |url=https://swedishpalms.blogspot.com/2011/04/nigeriansk-butoh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825160657/http://swedishpalms.blogspot.com/2011/04/nigeriansk-butoh.html |archive-date=25 August 2011 |access-date=5 May 2011 |publisher=Swedish Palms}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Eseohe Arhebamen ita ce 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta haɗa rawar butoh da waƙa, magana, mudra, yaren kurame, magana, da kuma waƙoƙin gwaji bayan salon rawa na gargajiya na [[mutanen Edo]] na Yammacin [[Afirka]] . <ref name="SPalms" /> Tana kiran wannan salon rawa da Butoh-Vocal Theatre. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vocal Styles: An Interview with Performance Artist Edoheart |url=http://www.claudiafriedlander.com/the-liberated-voice/2010/07/vocal-styles-an-interview-with-performance-artist-edoheart.html |access-date=20 August 2016 |publisher=The Liberated Voice}}</ref> Salon wasan kwaikwayo na Butoh-Vocal na Eseohe Arhebamen ya samo asali ne daga aikinta a cikin [[Waƙa|waƙoƙi]], kiɗa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na Edo inda masu yin rawa da waƙa a lokaci guda, kuma yana da tasiri ta hanyar imani da ta bayyana game da tarihin harshe iri ɗaya tsakanin mutanen Edo na Najeriya da Japan. <ref name="SPalms" /> A ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2010, Eseohe ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a wani taron bita mai zurfi [[Yukio Waguri|na Yukio Waguri]] wanda ke nuna salon wasan kwaikwayo na Butoh-Vocal Theatre wanda ta yi rawa butoh yayin da take rera Pure Imagination daga Willy Wonka &amp;amp; the Chocolate Factory . Kaarel Kressa ta bayyana rawar da Eseohe ya taka a lokacin rangadin Fifth Diverse Universe a matsayin wacce ta kunshi kyawun halitta da kuma mace; tare da wakoki, rawa da wakoki wadanda suka jawo hankalin masu kallo. [1] An kuma kira wasannin Eseohe "al'ada mai karfi". [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] aays21fgryh0grnmknd7duicl37qetk 0 145856 975418 826961 2026-11-03T00:37:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gertrude Araba Esaaba Sackey Torkornoo''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1962) alƙali ce ta ƙasar Ghana wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin Ghana daga 2023 zuwa 2025. An zabi ta a Kotun Koli a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019 kuma ta sami amincewar majalisa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Appointments Committee to vet Justice Torkornoo for Supreme Court Today |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/December-10th/appointments-committee-to-vet-justice-torkonoo-for-supreme-court-today.php |access-date=10 January 2020 |publisher=MyJoyOnline |archive-date=25 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225173332/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/December-10th/appointments-committee-to-vet-justice-torkonoo-for-supreme-court-today.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An rantsar da ita a ranar 17 ga Disamba 2019. <ref name="SWORN IN">{{Cite web |title=Apply laws without fear or favour – Akufo-Addo to new Supreme Court Justices |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/december-17th/apply-laws-without-fear-favour-akufo-addo-to-new-judges.php |access-date=10 January 2020 |publisher=MyJoyOnline |archive-date=12 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112165119/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/December-17th/apply-laws-without-fear-favour-akufo-addo-to-new-judges.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zabi ta a ofishin Babban Alkalin a watan Afrilun 2023 don maye gurbin Alkalin Kwasi Anin-Yeboah wanda ya yi ritaya a matsayin Babban Alkalun a ranar 24 ga Mayu 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-26 |title=Profile of Justice Gertrude Torkornoo |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2023/04/profile-of-justice-gertrude-torkornoo/ |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=Citinewsroom |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kasance Babban Alkalin Ghana na 15 daga 12 Yuni 2023 har zuwa lokacin da aka kore ta a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2025. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nyavi |first=Gertrude Ankah |date=12 June 2023 |title=Justice Gertrude Torkornoo sworn-in as new Chief Justice of Ghana |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-justice-gertrude-torkornoo-sworn-in-as-new-chief-justice-of-ghana.html |website=Graphic Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-01 |title=President Mahama removes Chief Justice Gertrude Torkornoo from office |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/president-mahama-removes-chief-justice-torkornoo-from-office.html |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Torkornoo ya fito ne daga Winneba a [[Ghana]])" id="mwJA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Central Region (Ghana)">Yankin Tsakiya na Ghana . An haife ta ne a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1962 a Cape Coast ga Ibrahim Kofi Sackey da Comfort Aba Sackey, wadanda duka malamai ne a lokacin. Ita ce ta biyu a cikin 'yan uwa biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-26 |title=CV of Justice Gertrude Torkornoo |url=https://gna.org.gh/2023/04/cv-of-justice-gertrude-torkornoo/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Suhum Presby a shekarar 1966 kuma ta ci gaba zuwa makarantar Katolika ta Ajumako a shekarar 1969, inda ta kammala karatun firamare. Daga 1969 zuwa 1973, ta ci gaba a makarantar Ajumako Methodist, kafin ta shiga makarantar sakandare ta mata ta Wesley a 1973 inda ta sami takardar shaidar ta a shekara ta 1978. Ta ci gaba a Makarantar Achimota daga 1978 zuwa 1980 don takardar shaidarta ta matakin ci gaba. Ta sami B. A. a Shari'a da Sociology a [[Jami'ar Ghana]] a 1984 kuma ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana a 1986. A shekara ta 2001, ta sami difloma na digiri na biyu a fannin Shari'a da Ƙungiya ta Duniya daga Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Duniya, wanda yake wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Erasmus Rotterdam a [[Holand|Netherlands]]. A shekara ta 2011, ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Golden Gate, a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] tare da Jagora na Dokoki (LLM) a cikin Dokar Dukiya ta Ilimi . <ref name="GERTRUDE">{{Cite web |title=New Supreme Court justices take office |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/new-supreme-court-justices-take-office.html |access-date=10 January 2020 |publisher=Graphic Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pioneer African Women in Law |url=https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/Justice-Gertrude-Torkornoo |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=African Women in Law |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241012133501/https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/justice-gertrude-torkornoo |archive-date=2024-10-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Kafin ta shiga Fugar & Co., wani kamfani na lauya a [[Accra]], a matsayin abokin tarayya, Torkornoo ta yi aiki a matsayin mai sa kai a FIDA Legal Aid Service kuma daga baya ta yi aiki da ita don hidimar kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pioneer African Women in Law |url=https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/justice-gertrude-torkornoo |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=African Women in Law |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241012133501/https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/justice-gertrude-torkornoo |archive-date=2024-10-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta yi horo tare da Nabarro Nathanson a London. Ta koma Fugar & Co. a 1994 don zama darektan. A watan Janairun 1997, ta kafa Sozo Law Consult, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Manajan Abokin Hulɗa har zuwa 14 ga Mayu 2004 lokacin da aka nada ta Alkalin Babban Kotun Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1970-01-01 |title=Akufo-Addo nominates Justice Gertrude Torkornoo as new CJ |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/region/crestcitynews/Akufo-Addo-nominates-Justice-Gertrude-Torkornoo-as-new-CJ-87194 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521141644/https://www.ghanaweb.com/region/crestcitynews/Akufo-Addo-nominates-Justice-Gertrude-Torkornoo-as-new-CJ-87194 |archive-date=21 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin alƙali na Kotun Koli har zuwa Oktoba 2012 lokacin da aka ɗaga ta zuwa Kotun daukaka kara. An zabi Torkornoo a Kotun Koli ta Ghana a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019. <ref name="GERTRUDE"/> An rantsar da ita a ranar 17 ga Disamba 2019. <ref name="SWORN IN"/> A cikin aikinta a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin E-Justice, ta jagoranci shirin sarrafa kansa na dukkan matakan kotuna, sayarwa da shigar da albarkatun lantarki da software a cikin aikin Ma'aikatar Shari'a. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Alkalin Kula da Kotun Kasuwanci tun 2013 inda ta kafa ajanda kuma ta jagoranci tarurruka da shirye-shiryen Kwamitin Masu Amfani na Kotun Kasuwa. Torkornoo ya jagoranci aiwatar da Shirin Injiniyan Muhalli na Kasuwanci (BEEP) wanda Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Duniya (DFID) ta Burtaniya ta tallafawa. Jagorancinta na jagoranci a wannan aikin ya ba Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu jagora kan gabatar da Kwamitin Masu Amfani a wasu cibiyoyin da suka shiga aikin BEEP. Aikin BEEP ya kara rinjayar ci gaban da ake yi na gyare-gyaren muhalli na kasuwanci wanda MOTI ke daidaitawa cikin cibiyoyin ƙasa. Tana aiki a matsayin shugabar Kungiyar Ayyuka ta Fasaha kan 'Tattalin Arziki' da aka kafa don jagorantar canji a yanayin dokar kasuwanci. Sakamakon aikin BEEP a cikin Shari'a sun haɗa da ƙirar sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin saka idanu da kimantawa na tattara bayanai da ake aiwatar da su a halin yanzu ta hanyar Shari'a, ƙirar sauya-sauye a cikin sashi na shari'a da aiwatarwa, da sake fasalin ADR a cikin isar da adalci na kasuwanci a cikin Da'ira da Kotuna masu Girma wanda ya haifar da wucewar Babban Kotun (Hanyar Jama'a) Dokokin Gyara 2020, CI 133. Torkornoo ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin koyarwa da kwamitin gudanarwa na Cibiyar Horar da Shari'a, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin Internship da Clerkship na Shari'a tun daga shekara ta 2012, memba da shugaban kwamitin E-Shari'a tun shekara ta 2010, memba da shugaban Kwamitin Littattafai da Edita na Kungiyar Alƙalai da Alƙalai na Ghana tun daga shekara shekara ta 2006. Ta kuma kasance memba na Hukumar Gyara Dokar tun daga shekara ta 2016. <ref name="GERTRUDE"/> Ta kasance daga cikin kwamitin mambobi bakwai da suka ji karar zaben 2020 da [[John Mahama]] ya yi a kan [[Hukumar Zabe ta Ghana]] da [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=CJ Anin Yeboah, Apau, et al sit on Mahama's election petition [VIDEO] |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/cj-anin-yeboah-apau-et-al-sit-on-mahama-s-election-petition.html |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Naɗa shi a matsayin Alkalin Kotun Koli == === Nomination === A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2019, Shugaba [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ya zabi Torkornoo tare da Alkalai Mariama Owusu da Avril Lovelace-Johnson, sannan Alkalai na [[Court of appeal Ghana|Kotun daukaka kara]]. Shugaban majalisa na lokacin, Farfesa [[Aaron Mike Oquaye]], ne ya ba da sanarwar, wanda ya bayyana cewa an yi niyyar cika wuraren da aka bari ta hanyar ritaya na mata biyu; Mai Shari'a Vida Akoto-Bamfo da Mai Shari'ar [[Sophia Adinyira]], da kuma ritaya mai zuwa na [[Babban Alkalin Ghana|Babban Mai Shari'a]] [[Sophia Akuffo]] . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mensah |first=Mary |date=12 November 2019 |title=President nominates 3 females for Supreme Court |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/president-akufo-addo-nominates-3-lady-judges-for-supreme-court.html |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=Graphic Online}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2019 |title=Live Update: Parliament Vets Supreme Court Nominee Justice Torkornoo |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/972768/live-update-parliament-vets-supreme-court-nominee.html |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Don bin tsarin mulki, Shugaban kasa ya tuntubi Majalisar Jiha ta hanyar gabatar da sunayen da curricula vitae na wadanda aka zaba don mukaman Kotun Koli. Bayan kammala shawarwari tare da Majalisar Jiha, Shugaban kasa ya nemi amincewar Majalisar don nadin ta tare da sauran abokan aikinta biyu. Nomin sun kasance ƙarƙashin amincewar Majalisar, biyo bayan hanyoyin kundin tsarin mulki da aka tsara a Mataki na 144 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1992. <ref name=":3"/> === Bincike da amincewar majalisa === Torkonoo ya kuma sanar da kwamitin game da turawar shari'a na software na saka idanu da kimantawa kuma ya jaddada bukatar sauye-sauye na al'adu da halayyar a cikin shari'ar kotu don fitar da ci gaban canji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-11 |title=Ghanaian judge, Justice Gertrude Torkornoo wishes judges wear African print and not black suit |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/lifestyle/ghanaian-judge-justice-gertrude-torkornoo-wishes-judges-wear-african-print-and-not/7mj56n2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614014215/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/lifestyle/ghanaian-judge-justice-gertrude-torkornoo-wishes-judges-wear-african-print-and-not/7mj56n2 |archive-date=14 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi kira ga kafa takunkumin lokaci don wasu hanyoyin kotu don hana cin zarafin masu shari'a.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=11 December 2019 |title=Let's consolidate gains made in judicial reforms – Justice Torkornoo |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/lets-consolidate-gains-made-in-judicial-reforms-justice-torkornoo/ |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=News Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da kyaututtuka da alƙalai, jami'ai, da ma'aikatan da za a iya ɗauka a matsayin cin hanci, Torkonoo ya ba da shawarar cewa membobin shari'a ya kamata su guji karɓar kyaututtaka gaba ɗaya, ban da waɗanda aka karɓa daga dangin da ke kusa. Ta jaddada bukatar cibiyoyin su tantance da kuma kafa irin wannan jagororin game da karɓar kyauta.<ref name=":5"/> Har ila yau, Torkornoo ya ba da shawarar tattaunawa ta kasa game da cin hanci da rashawa, yana nuna tasirinsa na al'umma fiye da shari'a, da kuma jaddada bukatar cikakken tsari don magance batun.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2019 |title=Corruption Is A National Canker - Justice Torkornoo |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/972870/corruption-is-a-national-canker-justice-torkorno.html |website=Ghana Web}}</ref> Bayan tsarin dubawa, Kwamitin Nomin ya amince da gabatarwa na Torkonoo, Owusu da Lovelace-Johnson. Majalisar ta amince da amincewar a ranar 13 ga watan Disamba 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2019 |title=Parliament approves three judges for Supreme Court |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/parliament-approves-three-judges-for-supreme-court.html |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=Graphic Online}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0rvvlt4z9i44p58s07pnoq2griq68ei 0 146327 975511 930307 2026-11-03T09:11:31Z Zahrah0 14848 975511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jaqsylyqqyzy''' Kazakh , {{IPA|kk|qɑɾɑqɑt ʐɑqsəɫɯqqɯzɯ æbdʲen|}}; an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1974) 'yar siyasa ce ta Kazakhstan, masanin tattalin arziki, kuma marubuciya wacce ta kasance memba na Mäjilis tun shekarar 2023. Ta taɓa yin aiki a Astana City Mäslihat daga shekarar 2016 zuwa shekara ta 2021. Äbden ta fara aikinta a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki a kamfanonin kasuwanci masu zaman kansu kafin ta koma aikin gwamnati, inda ta yi aiki kan batutuwan da suka shafi haraji a ƙarƙashin ma'aikatun gwamnatin Kazakhstan daban-daban. Ta kasance memba a jam'iyyar Nur Otan mai mulki a mafi yawan ayyukanta, ta riƙe mukamai da yawa a cikin tsarinta kuma a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara mai zaman kansa ga Äkim na Astana kan al'amuran zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seilkhanov |first=Adlet |date=7 October 2022 |title=Female candidate enters run for President of Kazakhstan |url=https://www.inform.kz/en/article/3988151 |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=Казинформ |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ƙungiyar National Alliance of Professional Social Workers ta tsayar da Äbden a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa, inda ta zo ta uku da kashi 2.6% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa a zaɓen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bulatkulova |first=Saniya |date=19 October 2022 |title=CEC Registers Karakat Abden as Presidential Candidate |url=https://astanatimes.com/2022/10/cec-registers-karakat-abden-as-presidential-candidate/ |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=The Astana Times |language=en}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta lashe zaɓen 'yan jam'iyya a Mäjilis a lokacin zaɓen 'yan majalisa na shekarar 2023, tana takara a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Auyl.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2023 |title=Auyl Party announces winners of deputy seats in Majilis: 28 March 2023, 10:51 - news on inform.kz |url=https://www.inform.kz/en/auyl-party-announces-winners-of-deputy-seats-in-majilis_a4050299}}</ref> Äbden ita ce kuma shugabar ƙungiyar jama'a ta Qazaq Qyzy da kuma ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin makarantun firamare masu zaman kansu ta "Asyl Böbek", sannan kuma ita ce darakta a wasu gidajen renon yara da ke Astana. Ita ce mawallafin littafin ''"You Are a Kazakhstan Girl.'' ''Be Proud!".''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rozanskij |first=Vladimir |date=28 October 2022 |title=Astana, presidential elections: no real opponent for Tokaev |url=https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Astana%2C-presidential-elections%3A-no-real-opponent-for-Tokaev-56978.html?&page=all&single=1 |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=www.asianews.it |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko da ilimi === An haifi Äbden a shekarar 1974 a ƙauyen 22 Partsyezda, Yankin Akmola, ga iyayenta Jaqsylyq Äbdenov da Rysbala Şalabaeva. Mahaifinta, Äbdenov, yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gini, yayin da mahaifiyarta, Şalabaeva, malamar makaranta ce. Tun tana ƙarama, ta yi karatun Sakandare mai lamba 10 a ƙauyen Jäirem, Yankin Ulytau, inda ta kammala karatunta da lambar zinare. Bayan haka, ta yi rajista a [[Almaty Institute of National Economy|Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Ƙasa ta Almaty]], inda ta sami digiri a fannin tallatawa da kasuwanci. Daga baya ta zama Ɗan takarar Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki bayan ta kare takardar neman digirinta kan batun ''Samar da Kuɗaɗen Shiga na Kasafin Kuɗi na Gida ta Amfani da Biyan Kuɗin da Ba na Samarwa ba.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2020 |title=ҚАРАҚАТ ӘБДЕН |url=https://abden.kz/#about |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113205154/https://abden.kz/#about |archive-date=13 November 2022 |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=abden.kz |language=kk}}</ref> === Sana'a === Äbden ta fara aikinta a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki a kamfanin kasuwanci mai zaman kansa na Orda da ke Almaty . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=Қарақат Әбден Президенттікке үміткер талаптарына сай келеді |url=https://shahnews.kz/index.php/kogam/19-aza-standa/1317-ara-at-bden-prezidenttikke-mitker-talaptaryna-saj-keledi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121211159/https://shahnews.kz/index.php/kogam/19-aza-standa/1317-ara-at-bden-prezidenttikke-mitker-talaptaryna-saj-keledi |archive-date=21 November 2022 |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=shahnews.kz |language=kk}}</ref> Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar ƙwararriya a Sashen Masu Biyan Haraji Masu Yawa a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Kuɗi ta Jiha ta Kazakhstan.<ref name=":0" /> Tsawon shekaru goma, tun daga shekarar 1999, Äbden ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Kuɗi, inda ta riƙe mukamai daban-daban, ciki har da mukaddashin shugaban kwamitocin haraji da dama. Waɗannan mukamai sun haɗa da yin aiki a matsayin shugaban Sashen Kula da Masu Biyan Haraji, babban ƙwararre na Sashen Ƙorafe-ƙorafen Haraji, shugaban Sashen Aiki tare da Masu Biyan Haraji a Kwamitin Haraji na Yankin Ƙasa Mai Lamba 1, shugaban Sashen Biyan Kuɗi Marasa Samarwa, da kuma babban ƙwararre a Sashen Kula da Lamba 4 na Kwamitin Kula da Kuɗi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Өміртай |first=Ая |date=11 October 2022 |title=Қазақ қыздарына арнап кітап шығарғаны үшін сынға ұшыраған кандидат Қарақат Әбден туралы тағы не білеміз? |url=https://halyq-uni.kz/aleumet/10360-zhigitterge-kandai-kyzdar-unaidy-synga-kalgan-kandidat-karakat-bden-kim/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121205652/https://halyq-uni.kz/aleumet/10360-zhigitterge-kandai-kyzdar-unaidy-synga-kalgan-kandidat-karakat-bden-kim/ |archive-date=21 November 2022 |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=Halyq-uni.kz |language=kk}}</ref> A shekarar 2009, ta zama mataimakiyar darakta a Makarantar Nazarin Siyasa ta Ƙasa a Kwalejin Gudanar da Jama'a a ƙarƙashin Shugaban Kazakhstan. Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin jam'iyyar Nur Otan, inda ta jagoranci Sashen Nazarin Labarai da Haɗaka a Makarantar Babban Jam'iyyar Nur Otan da kuma yin aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Ƙirƙira a ofishin Nur Otan da ke Astana. A shekarar 2013, Äbden ta kafa ƙungiyar jama'a ta Qazaq Qyzy, cibiyar farko ta mata ta ilimin al'adu da ɗabi'a ta Kazakhstan, da kuma Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Makarantun Yara Masu Zaman Kansu ta "Asyl Böbek" a Astana.<ref name=":1"/> A jajibirin [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar Mata ta Duniya]] a watan Maris na 2016, Äbden tana cikin matan da suka halarci taron gargajiya na ''Köktem Şuağy'' ("Sunshin bazara"), wanda Shugaba Nursultan Nazarbayev ya halarta.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Косенов |first=Алдияр |date=4 March 2016 |title=Назарбаев: Женщины - моя главная опора |url=https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/nazarbaev-jenschinyi-moya-glavnaya-opora-290170/ |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=Tengrinews.kz |language=ru}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 2016, an zabi Äbden a matsayin mataimakiyar Nur Otan a taron jam'iyya na shida na birnin Nur-Sultan Mäslihat, wadda ke wakiltar gundumar zaɓe ta 19 wadda Qairat Jauhanov ta riƙe a baya.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date= |title=Бесінші шақырылым Астана қаласы мәслихаты депутаттары {{!}} Астана қаласының мәслихаты |url=http://www.maslihat.astana.kz/node/42404 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217024341/http://www.maslihat.astana.kz/node/42404 |archive-date=17 February 2013 |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=maslihat.astana.kz |language=kk}}</ref> Daga nan, ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Ci gaban Al'adu.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=15 July 2019 |title=Абден Қарақат Жақсылыққызы |url=https://maslihat01.kz/kz/news/deputaty-bio/75 |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=Астана қаласының мәслихаты |language=kk}}</ref> === Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2022 === A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2022, Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jin Daɗi ta Ƙasa ta zaɓi Äbden a matsayin ɗan takarar zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Сатиева |first=Камшат |date=2022-10-07 |title=Президенттікке әйел үміткер ұсынылды |url=https://kaz.zakon.kz/6014091-prezidenttikke-iel-umitker-usynyldy.html |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=zakon.kz |language=kk |archive-date=2022-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130165525/https://kaz.zakon.kz/6014091-prezidenttikke-iel-umitker-usynyldy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yaƙin neman zaɓenta ya mayar da hankali kan inganta rayuwar 'yan Kazakhstan, da fafutukar samar da ingantacciyar rayuwa ga iyalai, da kuma jaddada cewa "babban arzikin jihar shine mutanenta." Ta sanya kanta a matsayin "mai da hankali kan zamantakewa," tare da wani dandali da nufin ƙarfafa tallafi ga iyalai, yara, matasa, da tsofaffi. Shawarwarin da ta bayar sun haɗa da haɓaka dabi'un al'adu, inganta ilimi da kiwon lafiya, da kuma ƙarfafa kariyar zamantakewa a matsayin ginshiƙai na ci gaban al'umma.<ref name=":184">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2022 |title=Қазақстан Республикасының Президенттігіне кандидат Қарақат Әбденнің сайлауалды БАҒДАРЛАМАСЫ |url=https://abden.kz/src/pdf/abden_program.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028025806/https://abden.kz/src/pdf/abden_program.pdf |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=28 October 2022 |website=abden.kz |language=kk}}</ref> === Memba na Majijilis === ==== Zaɓen 'yan majalisa na 2023 ==== == Takaddama == === ''Ke yarinya ce 'yar Kazakh. Ki yi alfahari!'' === A cikin Disamba 2019, Äbden ta buga littafinta ''You are Kazakh Girl.'' ''Yi Alfahari!'' ( {{Lang|kk|Сен қазақтың қызысың. Мақтан ет!}} ), wanda ke binciko rawar da mace 'yar Kazakhstan ta zamani ke takawa a cikin al'ummar Kazakhstan. Littafin ya jaddada mahimmancin lura da dabi'un gargajiya yayin da yake gabatar da suka kan ra'ayin [[Feminism|mata]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Московчук |first=Анастасия |date=6 December 2019 |title=Каракат Абден: Современная казахская девушка должна гордиться своей уникальностью |url=https://www.zakon.kz/4997862-karakat-abden-sovremennaya-kazahskaya.html |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=zakon.kz |language=ru |archive-date=6 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206124656/https://www.zakon.kz/4997862-karakat-abden-sovremennaya-kazahskaya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan an fitar da shi kaɗan, littafin ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce mai yawa a bainar jama'a. An ba da babban ɓangare na kwafin ga ɗakunan karatu a makarantun karkara da gidajen marayu, amma littafin ya fuskanci suka kan zargin haɓaka ƙa'idodin ƙasa da na jinsi.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Молдаханова |first=Малика |date=11 December 2019 |title=О книге Каракат Абден "Ты – казашка. Гордись!" |url=https://esquire.kz/t-v-kazashka-smirisy/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121205652/https://esquire.kz/t-v-kazashka-smirisy/ |archive-date=21 November 2022 |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=Esquire Kazakhstan |language=ru-RU}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=13 December 2019 |title="Бізге феминизм керек емес": "Қазақ қызы" институтымен не болып жатыр? |url=https://www.the-village-kz.com/village/city/qazaqsha/8721-bizge-feminizm-kerek-emes-aza-yzy-institutymen-ne-bolyp-zhatyr |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=The Village Казахстан |language=kk |archive-date=21 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121205652/https://www.the-village-kz.com/village/city/qazaqsha/8721-bizge-feminizm-kerek-emes-aza-yzy-institutymen-ne-bolyp-zhatyr |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, an yi tambayoyi game da Aamfani da kuɗaɗen gwamnati don ƙungiyar jama'a ta Qazaq Qyzy ta Äbden, musamman game da ware sama da tenge miliyan 17.5 don tallafawa rarraba littafin.<ref name=":3"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ибраим |first=Ұлжан |date=10 December 2019 |title="Сен қазақтың қызысың. Мақтан ет!": Депутаттың жаңа кітабы қызу талқыға түсті |url=https://kaz.nur.kz/society/1831247-sen-kazakty-kyzysy-maktan-et-deputatty-zaa-kitaby-eldi-asuyna-tidi/? |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=kaz.nur.kz |language=kk}}</ref> Masu suka sun zarge ta da amfani da kuɗin masu biyan haraji don amfanin kansu. A martanin da ta mayar ga martanin, Äbden ta kare kanta, tana mai da'awar cewa an cire yawancin sukar daga mahallinsu. Ta kuma bayyana cewa, a gaskiya ma, tana goyon bayan ra'ayin mata, duk da sukar da aka yi wa ra'ayoyinta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2022 |title=Кандидат в президенты Каракат Абден о своей скандальной книге: Казашки – по рождению феминистки |url=https://informburo.kz/novosti/kandidat-v-prezidenty-karakat-abden-o-svoei-skandalnoi-knige-kazaski-po-rozdeniyu-feministki |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=informburo.kz |language=ru}}</ref> === Shawarwarin hana hutu === A lokacin yakin neman zaben shugaban ƙasa na 2022, Äbden ta gabatar da shawarar haramta bukukuwa kamar Halloween da Ranar Masoya a Kazakhstan, tana mai ambaton damuwa game da ayyukan hutun da kuma illar da hakan zai iya yi wa al'adun Kazakhstan da dabi'unta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Адай |first=Олжас |date=2022-11-04 |title=Әулие Валентин күнін тойлауға қарысымын - Қарақат Әбден |url=https://baq.kz/aulie-valentin-kunin-toylauga-qarysymyn-qaraqat-abden-291114/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=BAQ.kz |language=kk}}</ref> Musamman ma, ta soki amfani da abin rufe fuska, kayan sawa, da kuma tallata Halloween, tana mai jayayya cewa waɗannan abubuwan sun ci karo da dabi'un gargajiya na Kazakhstan kuma suna iya lalata asalin al'adun ƙasar. Äbden ta yi imanin cewa waɗannan ayyukan, waɗanda ta gani a matsayin waɗanda aka shigo da su daga Yamma, sun yi mummunan tasiri ga matasa kuma sun haifar da rashin jituwa da al'adun Kazakhstan.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2 November 2022 |title=Президенттікке үміткер Қарақат Әбден Хэллоуин мерекесін тойламауға шақырады |url=https://adyrna.kz/post/135967 |access-date=10 November 2022 |website=adyrna.kz |language=kk}}</ref> Wannan shawara ta zo ne bayan wani mummunan taron jama'a na Halloween a Seoul a shekarar 2022, wanda ya ƙara rura wutar damuwarta game da haɗarin tsaro da ke tattare da irin waɗannan bukukuwa. Bayan lamarin, Äbden ta yi kira da a ɗauki matakin shari'a don hana bukukuwa kamar Halloween da ta ji suna "guba" zukatan matasa. Ta yi kira ga matasa da su yi bikin bukukuwan ƙasa na Kazakhstan, wanda ta ɗauka a matsayin abin da ke ba da alaƙa ta gaskiya da al'ada ga gadon ƙasar. === Harajin aure na ƙasashen waje === Äbden ta fuskanci ce-ce-ku-ce mai yawa saboda shawararta ta sanya haraji mai yawa ga matan Kazakhstan waɗanda suka auri baƙi. A matsayinta na 'yar takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2022, da farko ta gabatar da wannan shawara a lokacin yakin neman zaɓenta,<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=adyrna.kz |title=Қарақат Әбден шетелдіктерге тұрмысқа шыққан қазақ қыздарына салық салуды ұсынды |url=https://adyrna.kz/post/137351 |language=kk}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Ләззат Нұрсапақызы |date=12 November 2022 |title=Қарақат Әбден шетелдіктерге неке салығын енгізуді ұсынды |url=https://kaz.orda.kz/qaraqat-aebden-sheteldikterge-neke-salyghyn-engizwdi-usyndy/ |language=kk}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=ktk.kz |title=Дебаты: Каракат Абден предлагает обложить большими налогами девушек, выходящих замуж за иностранцев |url=https://www.ktk.kz/ru/newsfeed/article/2022/11/11/227467/ |language=ru}}</ref> wanda daga baya ta sake nanata a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2023 a lokacin da take matsayin mataimakiya a Mäjilis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-06 |title=Дина Тәңсәрі Қарақат Әбденді Парламенттен қууды талап ететін петиция жарияламақ |url=https://adyrna.kz/post/152344 |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=adyrna.kz |language=kk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Адай |first=Олжас |date=2023-04-07 |title=Қарақат Әбденнің ұсынысына қарсы петиция жарияланды |url=https://baq.kz/qaraqat-abdennin-usynysyna-qarsy-petitsiya-zhariyalandy-301575/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=BAQ.kz |language=kk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-07 |title=Қоғам белсендісі Қарақат Әбденді депутат мандатынан айыруға петиция жариялады |url=https://inbusiness.kz/kz/last/kogam-belsendisi-karakat-abdendi-deputat-mandatynan-ajyruga-peticiya-zhariyalady |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=inbusiness.kz |language=kk}}</ref> Shawarar ta haifar da suka mai yawa, gami da zargin wariyar launin fata . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rozanskij |first=Vladimir |date=2023-04-14 |title=Kazakh women against proposed tax to marry foreigners |url=https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Kazakh-women-against-proposed-tax-to-marry-foreigners-58182.html |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.asianews.it |language=en}}</ref> A martanin da ta mayar, jami'ar tsaro Dina Tanshari ta yi kira da a soke wa'adin mataimakin Äbden, tana mai iƙirarin cewa shawarar ta nuna wariya ga ƙananan kabilun Kazakhstan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Шарипханова |first=Дина |date=2023-04-07 |title="Ауыл" депутат Қарақат Әбденді мандатынан айыру туралы өтінішке пікір білдірді |url=https://kaz.tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/auyil-deputat-karakat-abdend-mandatyinan-ayyiru-turalyi-349695/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=Tengrinews.kz |language=kk}}</ref> Anas Bakkozhayev, shugaban ɓangaren majalisar dokoki na Auyl, ya amsa buƙatar Tanshari, yana mai amincewa da haƙƙinta na bayyana damuwarta da kuma bayyana buɗewarta ga ganawa da kuma amsa duk wata tambaya da take da ita. Ya jaddada cewa ba dukkan membobin ƙungiyar majalisar dokokin Auyl ne suka goyi bayan shawarar Äbden mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ерболат |first=Дәурен |date=2023-04-07 |title=«Қыздарға салық салынуға тиіс». Қарақат Әбденнің ұсынысын өз фракциясы қолдамады |url=https://halyq-uni.kz/news/18405-kyzdarga-salyk-salynuga-tiis-karakat-bdennin-usynysy-koldausyz-kaldy/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214210944/https://halyq-uni.kz/news/18405-kyzdarga-salyk-salynuga-tiis-karakat-bdennin-usynysy-koldausyz-kaldy/ |archive-date=14 December 2024 |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=Halyq Uni |language=kk}}</ref> Äbden da kanta ta fayyace cewa ba a fahimci shawarar ba kuma ba a ci gaba da tattaunawa a kanta ba, tana mai lura da cewa ta magance matsalar sosai a shafukan sada zumunta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Бөлек |first=Сұлу |date=2023-06-30 |title=Шетелдікке тұрмысқа шыққандарға салық салу: Қарақат Әбден жауабы |url=https://massaget.kz/news/sheteldkke-turmyiska-shyikkandarga-salyik-salu-karakat-abden-86363/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=Massaget.kz |language=kk}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 07o6y52w6tn8uv4golu5zqv3ep0elc4 0 146554 975322 813318 2026-11-02T19:40:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Film Afrika''' kamfani ne na shirya fina-finai da talabijin na Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2014-05-19 |title=No Longer Exotic, South Africa Attracts More Productions |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/no-longer-exotic-south-africa-attracts-more-productions-1201185994/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731104918/https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/no-longer-exotic-south-africa-attracts-more-productions-1201185994/ |archive-date=2022-07-31 |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> An kafa shi a shekarar 1982 ta hanyar mai shirya fina-finai, [[David Wicht]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Afrika |url=https://filmafrika.com/home/ |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=Filmafrika.com}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen da suka gabata == A cewar ''Deadline Hollywood'' : <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Tartaglione |first=Nancy |date=2012-05-03 |title=Film Afrika Worldwide To Hang L.A. Shingle |url=https://deadline.com/2012/05/film-afrika-worldwide-to-hang-l-a-shingle-265952/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727073643/https://deadline.com/2012/05/film-afrika-worldwide-to-hang-l-a-shingle-265952/ |archive-date=2022-07-27 |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> * <nowiki><i id="mwHA">Black Sails</i></nowiki> (2014-2017) (yanayi 4) <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa’s Cape Town Studios prepares for pirate miniseries Black Sails {{!}} The Location Guide |url=http://www.thelocationguide.com/blog/2012/10/south-africas-cape-town-studios-prepares-for-pirate-miniseries-black-sails/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306032750/http://www.thelocationguide.com/blog/2012/10/south-africas-cape-town-studios-prepares-for-pirate-miniseries-black-sails/ |archive-date=2015-03-06 |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=www.thelocationguide.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking News - Starz Embarks on an Early Renewal for Second Season Order of the Original Series "Black Sails" {{!}} TheFutonCritic.com |url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2013/07/26/starz-embarks-on-an-early-renewal-for-second-season-order-of-the-original-series-black-sails-929410/20130726starz02/ |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=www.thefutoncritic.com}}</ref> * ''Mandela: Doguwar Tafiya Zuwa 'Yanci'' (2013) * ''Tarihi'' (2012) * ''Amurka: Labarin Mu'' (2010) (kashi 12) * ''<nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Hukumar Binciken Mata ta 1</i></nowiki>'' (2008–2009) * ''[[Kasar da Nauyin ta ke kaina|Ƙasar Kwanyata]]'' (2004) * ''Wolves sun tashe shi'' * [[Promised Land|''Ƙasar Alkawari'']] (2002) * <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">Gidan Tsaro</i></nowiki> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2012-05-05 |title=S. Africa studios deliver U.S. hits |url=https://variety.com/2012/film/news/s-africa-studios-deliver-u-s-hits-1118053552/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731104955/https://variety.com/2012/film/news/s-africa-studios-deliver-u-s-hits-1118053552/ |archive-date=2022-07-31 |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Taimakon jama'a == A shekarar 2021, Film Afrika ta bayar da kyautar kyamarorin sa ido ga [[District Six|Gundumar Shida]] ta Cape Town, domin ɗaukar hotunan a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ford |first=Wesley |date=22 December 2021 |title=Film company donates surveillance cameras to District Six |url=https://www.southernsuburbstatler.co.za/news/film-company-donates-surveillance-cameras-to-district-six-b0e86c8a-ba2d-47c4-aeb9-b3461a490bfc |access-date=4 July 2024 |website=southernsuburbstatler.co.za |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623182923/https://www.southernsuburbstatler.co.za/news/film-company-donates-surveillance-cameras-to-district-six-b0e86c8a-ba2d-47c4-aeb9-b3461a490bfc |archive-date=23 June 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://filmafrika.com/ Fim ɗin Afirka] bibopoq7po6w62rel7lo11jjvqorl3s 0 149252 975167 830159 2026-11-02T13:23:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Eli Abarbanel''' (Ibraniyawa: אלי אברבנל; an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1976) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Isra'ila da ya yi ritaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eli Abarbanel |url=http://hpt.co.il/?ShowPlayer=235 |access-date=21 February 2013 |website=hpt.co.il |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722234542/http://hpt.co.il/?ShowPlayer=235 |archive-date=22 July 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] 0xvpd6fxmgrgmcygp71fjuml5gs1whh 0 150140 975462 888055 2026-11-03T05:22:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gloria Ireen Ntopi''' 'yar siyasar [[Malawi]]" id="mwCA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Malawian">Malawian ce da aka sani da shiga cikin siyasar majalisa a Malawi . Ta kasance tana aiki tare da Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party (DPP) kuma ta yi takara a zaben mazabar Nsanje ta Kudu a Gundumar Nsanje . Ntopi ta sami hankalin jama'a ta hanyar shiga cikin zaben 'yan majalisa da ayyukan tarurruka [[ɗan siyasa]] a kudancin Malawi.<ref name="sdnp">{{Cite web |title=Malawi Parliamentary Elections 2009 – Nsanje South Constituency Results |url=https://sdnp.org.mw/election/elections2009/index.php?district=Nsanje |access-date=5 May 2026 |publisher=Socio-Economic Database for Malawi}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == Ntopi ya shiga cikin siyasar Malawi a matsayin dan takara na kujerar majalisar dokokin Nsanje ta Kudu. A lokacin zaben majalisar dokokin Malawi na shekara ta 2009, ta yi takara a karkashin jam'iyyar Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) kuma ta samu kuri'u 4,874 bisa ga bayanan zabe da ke akwai.<ref name="sdnp"/> A cikin matakai masu zuwa na zaɓe, Ntopi ya kuma bayyana a cikin masu neman shiga majalisa da ke takara a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa, yana kwatanta sauye-sauyen ƙungiyoyin jam'iyya da yanayin takara da aka saba da shi a siyasar zaɓe ta Malawi. <ref name="candidate">{{Cite web |title=List of Parliamentary Candidates – Malawi Tripartite Elections |url=https://blog.malawivote2014.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/List-of-Parliamentary-Candidates-2014-TPE-Nomination-Results.pdf |access-date=5 May 2026 |publisher=Malawi Vote 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260517185958/https://blog.malawivote2014.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/List-of-Parliamentary-Candidates-2014-TPE-Nomination-Results.pdf |archive-date=17 May 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Yaƙin neman zaɓe == A lokacin zabe, Ntopi ya shiga cikin ayyukan kamfen a cikin Mazabar Nsanje ta Kudu, yana magance batutuwan da ke shafar yawan jama'a da kuma ƙarfafa shiga cikin jama'a a cikin tsarin dimokuradiyya. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na ta ya mayar da hankali kan shiga cikin al'umma da tattaunawa da masu jefa kuri'a, musamman a yankunan karkara na Gundumar Nsanje inda tarurrukan siyasa ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a sakamakon zabe. == Gudanarwa da shiga cikin jama'a == Ntopi ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen shiga cikin jama'a da nufin karfafa shiga siyasa, musamman tsakanin mata. A cikin 2019 ta kasance daga cikin mata masu neman zama 'yan majalisa waɗanda suka shiga cikin shirye-shiryen fadakarwa da aka tsara don ƙarfafa wakilcin mata mafi girma a siyasa. A lokacin wadannan alkawurran, ta jaddada muhimmancin karfafa mata damar shiga cikin shugabanci da jagoranci. Ta kuma yi magana a fili game da muhimmancin kiyaye zabubbuka na zaman lafiya da inganta tattaunawa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki na siyasa. == Dubi kuma == * Siyasa ta Malawi * Gundumar Nsanje * Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ri1gkkq6lvgkn3brmljbde2ms0w15up 0 150235 975417 880765 2026-11-03T00:19:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Georgios Dedes''' (Girkanci: ; an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1943) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Girka wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba. Babban halayensa shine saurinsa, dabararsa da harbi. Ya fafata a wasanni 430 a duka a gasar zakarun Girka ta Panionios da AEK Athens, inda ya zira kwallaye 182. Ya kasance babban mai zira kwallaye a gasar a 1971 da 1976. A shekara ta 1971, an kuma ba shi lambar yabo ta tagulla bayan ya zama na uku mafi kyau a Turai. == Aikin kulob == === Shekarun farko === A shekarar 1957, iyalinsa suka ƙaura zuwa [[Athens]] kuma Dedes ya buga wasa tare da ɗan'uwansa a ƙungiyar Phivos Neos Kosmos. A shekarar 1960–61, Phivos ta lashe gasar B1 ta ƙungiyar kulab ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Athens kuma Dedes yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan da suka zira kwallaye a raga. === Panionios === Yana ɗan shekara 17, Panagiotis Pallas na Panionios ya gano shi, kuma an ba shi shawarar zuwa ga daraktan fasaha na ƙungiyar, Thanasis Papathanasiou. An mayar da Dedes zuwa Panionios akan kuɗin canja wuri na drachmas 1,000 da wasu 'yan wasa a matsayin musayar 'yan wasa. Watanni biyu bayan haka, kocin ƙungiyar, Ioannis Skordillis da Nikos Zakardis sun ba shi damar buga wasa a karon farko da Fostiras . A ranar 28 ga Maris 1965, Dedes ya zira kwallaye uku mafi sauri a gasar cikin daƙiƙa 120 bayan minti na 88. A kakar wasa ta 1969-70, Dedes ya zira kwallaye biyar a wasa ɗaya a wasan da suka doke Olympiakos Nicosia da ci 8-0, wanda shine babban nasarar da ƙungiyar ta samu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2020 |title=60 χρόνια Α' Εθνική: Οι παίκτες που πέτυχαν πέντε γκολ σε ένα αγώνα |url=https://www.slgr.gr/el/article/60-khronia-a-ethnike-10/ |website=slgr.g |access-date=9 May 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119201844/https://www.slgr.gr/el/article/60-khronia-a-ethnike-10/ |archive-date=19 January 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan tarihi ne mai wahala wanda 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa 'yan Girka kaɗan ne suka samu. Dedes ya kuma zira kwallaye huɗu a wasa sau biyu. Ya buga wa Panionios wasa na tsawon shekaru 14, inda ya lashe Kofin Balkans a shekarar 1971, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Βαλκανικό Κύπελλο 1971: Η κορυφαία ομάδα του συλλόγου που έφερε τον πρώτο τίτλο στην ιστορία του Πανιωνίου! |url=https://www.bankingnews.gr/index.php?id=597238 |website=bankingnews.gr}}</ref> yayin da ƙungiyarsa ta kare a matsayi na biyu a gasar Championship a wannan shekarar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Greece 1970/71 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesg/grk71.html |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Shi ne ya fi kowa zura kwallaye a gasar Girka da kwallaye 28, inda ya zama na uku a Turai bayan ɗan Croatia, Josip Skoblar na Marseille da kwallaye 39 da kuma Salif Keita na Saint-Étienne da kwallaye 33. <ref>{{Cite web |title='Χρυσό' παπούτσι: Από τον Εουσέμπιο στον Αντωνιάδη και από τον Μαχλά στον Ρονάλντο |url=https://www.sport24.gr/sthles/chryso-papoytsi-apo-ton-eoysempio-ston-antoniadi-kai-apo-ton-machla-ston-ronalnto.7944970.html |website=sport24.gr}}</ref> === AEK Athens === A ranar 8 ga Agusta 1974, an mayar da Dedes zuwa AEK Athens na Loukas Barlos . Yarjejeniyar ta kuma haɗa da siyan abokan wasansa, Giorgos Skrekis da Victoras Theofilopoulos, yayin da Panionios ya karɓi adadin drachmas miliyan 2 da Kostas Panagiotopoulos, Babis Psimogiannos da Ivan Kypritidis a matsayin musayar. A ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1974 ya zira kwallaye uku a karon farko da baƙi masu launin rawaya a wasan da suka ci 5-1 a gida da AEL . <ref>{{Cite web |title=6/10/1974 ΑΕΚ - Λάρισα 5-1 |url=https://www.aektoday.com/6-oktovriou/588-6-10-1974-aek-larisa-5-1 |website=aektoday.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta yi nasara a wasan hamayya da Panathinaikos a gida ta hanyar zura ƙwallo a wasan ƙarshe na 4-3, a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 1975. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1974-75 ΑΕΚ-ΠΑΝΑΘΗΝΑΙΚΟΣ |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVHQEpsAQtk |via=youtube.com}}</ref> Ya zira ƙwallaye 3 daga cikin ƙwallaye 4 na ƙungiyarsa, inda ya kammala wasan ahat-trick da Kastoria a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1975. Ya sake zira ƙwallaye uku a ranar 16 ga Mayu 1976 a wasan da suka doke Pierikos da ci 5-0 a gida. A cikin shekaru uku da ya buga wa AEK Athens, ya sake zama ɗan wasan da ya fi zura ƙwallo a gasar a shekarar 1976 da ƙwallaye 15, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Greece 1975/76 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesg/grk76.html |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> yayin da kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin UEFA . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2017 |title=Όταν η ΑΕΚ ήταν… ΑΕΚάρα! Η πορεία μέχρι τα ημιτελικά του Κυπέλλου UEFA |url=https://sport-retro.gr/otan-h-aek-htan-aekara-h-poreia-mexri-ta-hmitelika-toy-kypellou-uefa/}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa Panionios da yin ritaya === A ranar 12 ga Agusta 1977, Dedes ya koma Panionios na tsawon kakar wasa guda don kammala aikinsa a ƙungiyar da yake ƙauna. An karrama shi da Golden Cross, babbar kyautar ƙungiyar, saboda gudummawar da ya bayar gaba ɗaya. Dedes ya bayyana kyautar a matsayin "mara tsada" kuma ita ce cibiyar tattara lambobin yabo da ya samu. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Γιώργος Δέδες |url=https://www.aekpedia.com/2015/05/26/%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82-%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82/ |website=aekpedia.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A shekarar 1962, an kira Dedes zuwa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ta ƙasar Girka, inda ya buga wasanni biyu da Turkiyya, inda ya sha kashi a hannun 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 a Athens da kuma wanda ya ci 1-0 a Smyrni, inda ya ci ƙwallo a minti na 18. Tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19, ya fafata a wasanni biyu don neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA da Turkiyya. Da nasarar da suka samu a Athens da kuma kunnen doki a [[Ankara]], Girka ta sami damar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ta UEFA a shekarar 1963 a London. Dedes ya buga wasanni biyu a gasar inda ya zura ƙwallaye biyu a wasan da suka yi da Jamus da ci 7-2. Girka ba ta cancanci shiga zagayen kwata-kwata ba, domin sun kare a matsayi na uku a rukunin. A shekarar 1969, Dedes ya buga wasa ɗaya tilo a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta Girka da Isra'ila . Ya buga wasanni 20 kuma ya zira kwallaye bakwai a raga wa Girka daga 1966 zuwa 1973. <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=el:Εθνική Ομάδα Ανδρών |url=http://www.epo.gr/ethniki/men/men2.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125165004/http://www.epo.gr/ethniki/men/men2.asp |archive-date=25 November 2009 |access-date=16 November 2009 |publisher=[[Hellenic Football Federation]] |language=Greek}}</ref> Ya buga wasansa na farko a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1966 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 2-1 a kan Finland a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA 1968. Ya zira kwallaye biyu na farko ga Girka a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 1968 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 4-1 a gida da Masar . Dedes ya kasance mai taka leda a tawagar FIFA ta neman shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1970 inda ya zira kwallaye biyu. Kwallonsa ta farko a gasar ita ce a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 2-1 da [[Portugal]] a ranar 11 ga Disamba 1968 a filin wasa na Karaiskakis, kuma ta biyu ta kasance a wasan da suka yi canjaras da Romania a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1969, inda Dedes ya jagoranci Girka. Ya buga wasansa na karshe ga Girka a ranar 31 ga Janairu 1973 a wasan da suka yi da [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]] a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da ya ƙare da ci 2-2. == Bayan ƙwallon ƙafa == Bayan ƙarshen aikinsa, ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana harkar tufafi. A shekarar 1999 ya koma Panionios don ya karɓi muƙamin babban manaja. Tare da haɗin gwiwar Stathis Chaitas, shi ne ke kula da neman 'yan wasa masu hazaka. A ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2022, Dedes ya miƙa takalmin zinare da ya lashe a shekarar 1976 ga Gidan Tarihi na AEK Athens. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AEK: Ο Γιώργος Δέδες, προσέφερε στο Μουσείο της Ένωσης το χρυσό του παπούτσι! |url=https://www.sportday.gr/Article/Podosfairo/Top_Clubs/AEK/aek-o-giwrgos-dedes-prosefere-sto-moyseio-ths-enwshs-to-hryso-toy-papoytsi-pics-/3-1-2022/35409 |website=sportday.gr}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Dedes ɗan Athanasios da Nikoleta ne kuma ɗan biyar cikin 'ya'yansu shida. Shi ɗan'uwa ne ga fitaccen mai tsaron gidan AEK Athens, Christos Ribas, kuma babban ɗan'uwansa, Kostas ya buga wa Pannafpliakos . Tun yana yaro yana goyon bayan AEK Athens kuma babban mai goyon bayan Kostas Nestoridis ne. Tun daga aurensa yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Thanasis da Christos. <ref name="auto"/> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] ==manazarta== stzezjsidkokebc7k9nwx4ir7srqewr 0 151899 975163 838765 2026-11-02T13:06:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975163 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elaigwe Hannah Enekole''' alkalin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga ƙasar Najeriya wadda ke gudanar da wasanni a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Duniya (FIFA) da kuma Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Afirka (CAF). An sanya sunanta cikin jerin alkalan wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa na FIFA tun daga shekarar 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inside FIFA – Nigeria Referees |url=https://inside.fifa.com/pt/associations/NGA/referees |website=FIFA |access-date=21 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Elaigwe Hannah Enekole tana daga cikin alkalan wasa mata da Najeriya ta miƙa domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin FIFA. Sunanta ya bayyana cikin jerin alkalan wasan Najeriya da aka amince da su domin ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa na shekarar 2024 tare da wasu alkalai maza da mata daga Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistant referees on 2024 international lists |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/athletics/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistant-referees-on-2024-international-lists |publisher=Africa Sport Network |date=14 Disamba 2023 |access-date=21 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A cikin bayanan FIFA na jerin alkalan wasa na duniya, an bayyana cewa Elaigwe Hannah Enekole ta samu matsayin alkalin wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa tun daga shekarar 2017, abin da ya ba ta damar jagorantar wasannin da FIFA da CAF ke amincewa da su.<ref>{{cite web |title=2023 FIFA Refereeing International Lists |url=https://megasportsmedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-FIFA-Refereeing-International-Lists.pdf |publisher=FIFA |access-date=21 Mayu 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630151746/https://megasportsmedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-FIFA-Refereeing-International-Lists.pdf |archive-date=2024-06-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 2026, FIFA ta sake saka sunan Elaigwe Hannah Enekole cikin jerin alkalan wasan Najeriya da aka amince da su domin gudanar da wasannin duniya da na nahiyar Afirka. Wannan ya nuna ci gaba da amincewar da FIFA da CAF ke yi da ƙwarewarta a harkar alkalancin ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/fifa-releases-nigeria-s-2026-international-referees-list |publisher=Africa Sport Network |date=3 Janairu 2026 |access-date=21 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} cta7r5zcqtnd3waqa6hjivt0dmn7t6b 0 156771 975458 953601 2026-11-03T04:58:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ana bayyana [[kiba]] a matsayin tarin kitse mai yawa kuma galibi yana faruwa ne lokacin da akwai rashin daidaiton kuzari tsakanin amfani da kalori da kuma kashe kuzarin kalori . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=WHO {{!}} Obesity and overweight |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ |access-date=2015-09-01 |website=who.int}}</ref> [[Girman ƙiba a ƙuruciya|Kiba a yara]] na ƙara zama abin damuwa a duk duniya, kuma [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] kaɗai ta fahimci cewa 1 cikin yara 4 ko dai suna da kiba ko kuma [[Kiba|suna da kiba]] . <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |date=2014 |title=Childhood overweight and obesity |journal=Australian Institute of Health and Welfare}}</ref> Ga 'yan ƙasar Ostiraliya masu shekaru tsakanin 4 zuwa 17, kiba wani yanayi ne mai matuƙar damuwa domin da zarar ta faru, yana da wuya a 'yantar da ita daga gare ta. Tasirin ɗan gajeren lokaci ga yara na iya haifar da raguwar lafiyarsu ta tunani ( ƙiyayya da rashin girman kai ) <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=2018-01-29 |title=Obesity Prevention {{!}} Healthy Schools {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/obesity/facts.htm |access-date=2015-09-03 |website=cdc.gov}}</ref> da kuma lalacewar jiki kamar [[Bugawar bacci|rashin barci]], rashin numfashi da cututtukan zuciya. <ref name=":14" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Obesity in children – causes – Better Health Channel |url=http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Obesity_in_children?open |access-date=2015-09-01 |archive-date=2015-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919170001/http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Obesity_in_children?open |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tare da ƙaruwar haɗarin [[Kiba|kiba ga manya]] da ke da alaƙa da kiba a lokacin ƙuruciya, akwai illoli da yawa na dogon lokaci waɗanda a ƙarshe za su iya kawo cikas ga [[Rayuwa mai tsawo|tsawon rayuwar]] mutane, gami da ci gaban cututtuka masu tsanani. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2014-12-03 |title=Background Briefing 7 December 2014 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/backgroundbriefing/2014-12-07/5936408 |access-date=2015-09-01 |website=Radio National}}</ref> Domin yaƙi da annobar kiba a duniya baki ɗaya, ya zama dole a magance matsalar a farkon matakanta. Manyan matakan kariya da za a aiwatar sun haɗa da ƙara [[motsa jiki]], ilimin abinci da rage ɗabi'un zama a gida . <ref name=":2"/> == Auna kiba == [[Fayil:Body_mass_index_simplified.svg|thumb|Tebur da ke nuna Ma'aunin Jiki a matsayin ma'aunin tsayi (m) idan aka kwatanta da nauyi (kg)]] Ma'aunin Kitsen Jiki (BMI) wani ma'auni ne na yau da kullun kuma mai amfani na kitsen jiki wanda ke taimaka wa mutane su fahimci bambanci tsakanin kiba da kiba. Ana iya amfani da tsarin don ƙididdige BMI na mutum ta hanyar raba nauyinsa (a cikin kilogiram) da murabba'in tsayinsa (a cikin mita). <ref name=":0" /> A cewar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] alif,(2015), BMI ya fi ko daidai da 25&nbsp;kg/m2 a cikin manya yana da kiba kuma ya fi ko daidai yake da 30&nbsp;kg/m2 yana ɗaukar mutane a matsayin masu kiba. <ref name=":0" /> Ammah, amfani da hanyar BMI don auna yawan nauyin yaro na iya fuskantar matsaloli na yau da kullun. Ana amfani da BMI don gano yawan nauyin jikin mutum amma ba yawan kitsen jikinsa ba. <ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=Department of Health and Human Services Centres for Disease Control and Prevention |url=https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/downloads/bmiforpactitioners.pdf |website=Body Mass Index: Considerations for Practitioners}}</ref> Ta wannan hanyar, ma'aunin da aka ɗauka daga yaro wanda ke matakai daban-daban na girmansa na jima'i idan aka kwatanta da wani na iya canza amincin bayanan. Sauran matsalolin da za su iya shafar sakamakon da ke tattare da wannan hanyar ga yara da matasa sun haɗa da shekarunsu, jinsinsu, tsoka da ƙashi na ƙabila, tsayinsu da kuma matakan girmansu na jima'i. <ref name=":15" /> Amfani da matsayin kashi-kashi don tantance ko yaro ko matashi tsakanin shekaru 2-20 yana da kiba ko kuma yana da kiba yana gadar da dabarun iri ɗaya da BMI ammah fassarar bayanan da aka tattara ta bambanta. Bayanan da aka tattara ta amfani da matsayin kashi-kashi yana la'akari da shekarun yaron da jinsi, yana gane cewa adadin kitsen jiki yana canzawa akai-akai tare da shekaru da jinsi. BMI-ga-shekaru yana nuna ƙimar tsakanin yara masu jinsi ɗaya da shekaru kuma yana rarraba matasa masu kiba a matsayin tsakanin kashi-kashi 80 da ƙasa da kashi-kashi 95. An rarraba yara masu kiba a matsayin waɗanda suka yi daidai ko sama da kashi-kashi 95. <ref name=":15"/> [[Fayil:Obesity-waist_circumference.svg|thumb|Ana iya tantance kiba ta hanyar auna kewayen kugu.]] Duk da cewa lissafin BMI na mutum shine mafi kyawun alamar da aka ba da shawarar, amma ba ya bambanta haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Ya kamata a ci gaba da sa ido akai-akai kan rarraba kitse, kwayoyin halitta da matakan motsa jiki don tantance yuwuwar kamuwa da cuta. Wasu hanyoyin da mutum zai iya tantance nauyinsa, banda gwajin BMI, sun haɗa da auna kewayen kugunsa ko amfani da gwajin ninka fata . <ref name=":15"/> == Labari da tarihi == Kamar yadda juyin halitta na farko ya nuna, kakannin da suka gabace su a cikin siffar mafarauta/masu tattara abinci sun ci gaba da tunanin cewa ba a yi hasashen wadatar abinci ba kuma abincinsu na gaba ba a san shi ba. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Life at 3 – The Science – Childhood Obesity – ABC TV |url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/life/the_science/CHILDHOODOBESITY.htm |access-date=2015-09-01 |website=abc.net.au}}</ref> Ta wannan hanyar, kakannin za su ci abinci duk lokacin da zai yiwu kuma su adana kuzarin da aka sha a matsayin mai don amfani da shi lokacin da albarkatu suka yi ƙaranci. Tun daga lokacin, yanayin da muke rayuwa a ciki, ya bunƙasa cikin sauri tare da wadatar abinci cikin sauƙi da sauƙi. Saboda haka, hanyar kiyaye m kamashi daga abinci yanzu ta rikide zuwa cin abinci da rashin aiki, wanda ke haifar da girke-girke na cututtuka na yau da kullun da mutuwar da ba ta daɗe ba. <ref name=":3" /> Kiba a yara ya kasance babban nauyi a fannin lafiya a duk tarihin Ostiraliya, tare da kulawa sosai kan [[Genetics|kwayoyin halitta]] da kuma rashin daidaiton kuzari tsakanin amfani da kalori da kashe kuɗi. Tsakanin 1985 da 1995, adadin yaran da ke da kiba ya ƙaru sosai daga ra'ayoyi biyu na maza (10.7% zuwa 20.5%) da kuma 'yan mata (11.8% zuwa 21.1%) masu shekaru 7-15 da 5-17 a cikin shekaru biyu da suka biyo baya. <ref name=":1"/> A cikin shekaru 10 da suka biyo baya, har zuwa 2008, alkaluma sun ci gaba da ƙaruwa daga 21% zuwa 25% wanda ya haifar da irin wannan kaso ga maza da mata. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=No Time to Weight |url=http://www.obesityaustralia.org/resources-1/no-time-to-weight |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131074140/http://www.obesityaustralia.org/resources-1/no-time-to-weight |archive-date=2016-01-31 |access-date=2015-09-01 |website=obesityaustralia.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olds |first=T. S. |last2=Tomkinson |first2=G. R. |last3=Ferrar |first3=K. E. |last4=Maher |first4=C. A. |date=2010 |title=Trends in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Australia between 1985 and 2008 |journal=International Journal of Obesity |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=57–66 |doi=10.1038/ijo.2009.211 |pmid=19823187}}</ref> A cikin Binciken Lafiya na Ofishin Kididdiga na Ostiraliya na 2011/12, ƙididdiga ta sake nanata rashin ingantattun hanyoyin rigakafi, tana nuna ƙaruwar 1% kuma saboda haka jimillar 26% na yara 'yan shekaru 5-17 a matsayin ko dai suna da kiba ko kuma masu kiba. <ref name=":4" /> == Kwatantawar duniya == Kiba a yara annoba ce da ta shafi yara miliyan 155 (1 cikin 10) 'yan shekara 5-17. <ref name=":0"/> Dangane da Ƙungiyar Nazarin Kiba ta Duniya, alkaluman da aka tattara a shekarar 2013 sun nuna cewa Girka ce ke da mafi girman ƙima ga yara maza da mata masu kiba da kuma masu kiba (44% da 38% bi da bi). <ref name=":1"/> Kashi ashirin da huɗu cikin ɗari na 'yan matan Ostiraliya, a cewar Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba (OECD), an ɗauke su a matsayin masu kiba, suna matsayi na 10 cikin ƙasashe 40. <ref name=":1" /> Spain da Kanada sun bayar da rahoton irin wannan sakamakon kididdiga na kashi 24%. Dangane da yara maza masu kiba da masu kiba, Ostiraliya tana matsayi na 18, wanda ya nuna adadi iri ɗaya na kashi 22% da na Burtaniya. <ref name=":1"/> Indonesia ta nuna mafi ƙarancin ƙimar kiba, wanda ke nuna ƙimar kashi 11% da 8% bi da bi ga yara maza da mata. <ref name=":8" /> A shekarar 2013, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa sama da yara miliyan 42 'yan ƙasa da shekara biyar suna da kiba, inda miliyan 31 daga cikinsu ke zaune a ƙasashe masu tasowa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO {{!}} Childhood overweight and obesity |url=https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/childhood/en/ |access-date=2015-09-03 |website=who.int}}</ref> == Dalilai == Abubuwan da ke haifar da kiba a yara na iya dogara ne akan haɗuwar zaɓin mutum ɗaya da kuma daidaitawar zamantakewa da muhalli <ref name=":2"/> tare da abubuwan da ke haifar da kwayoyin halitta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. === Halittar Halitta === A cewar Binciken Lafiya na Australiya, ilimin halittar jiki yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance kiba. <ref name=":4"/> A shekarar 2011/2012, an rubuta cewa kashi 90% na al'ummar Australiya sun gaji halayen kibansu saboda sauye-sauyen halittar uwayensu a lokacin daukar ciki. <ref name=":4" /> Sauyawar da ke tsakanin yanayin kwayoyin halitta, muhalli da jarabawar mutum ɗaya suma an nuna su a matsayin abubuwan da ke haifar da annobar duniya. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta yana tasiri ga yanayin kiba, kuma abinci da motsa jiki suna tantance irin yadda waɗannan halaye ke ƙara girma. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=EUFIC |title=Parental influence on children's food preferences and energy intake (EUFIC) |url=http://www.eufic.org/article/en/artid/Parental-influence-children-food-preferences-and-energy-intake/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901052840/http://www.eufic.org/article/en/artid/Parental-influence-children-food-preferences-and-energy-intake/ |archive-date=2015-09-01 |access-date=2015-09-01 |website=www.eufic.org}}</ref> === Abinci da tasirin iyaye === [[Fayil:High_Fat_Foods_-_NCI_Visuals_Online.jpg|thumb|Abincin da iyaye ke saba wa 'ya'yansu shi ne babban abin da ke haifar da kiba.]] Iyaye, masu kula da yara da malamai duk suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tunanin da yara ke da shi game da wasu nau'ikan abinci yayin da suke girma. Shekaru biyar na farko na rayuwar yaro, lokacin da yake haɓaka saba da abinci mai tauri, a ƙarshe zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga abincin da suka fi so a nan gaba. <ref name=":3"/> "Mayar da hankali" ga cin abinci, wanda wata dabara ce mai kyau da iyaye ke amfani da ita don ba wa 'ya'yansu lada, tana ba da gudummawa tsakanin kashi 23-24% na jimillar abincin da mutum ke ci a kowace rana (masu shekaru tsakanin shekaru 2-16). <ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Department of Health {{!}} 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey - Key Findings |url=http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/phd-nutrition-childrens-survey-keyfindings |access-date=2015-09-03 |website=www.health.gov.au}}</ref> Ganin cewa ba a ba da shawarar fiye da kashi 20% a kowace rana ba, <ref name=":16"/> a bayyane yake cewa manya ba sa barin 'ya'yansu su haɓaka wani abu mai motsa rai ga abinci mai kyau, yana 'ba su lada' da abubuwan ciye-ciye masu ƙarfi kamar dankalin turawa, muffins, lollies, da popcorn daga gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Babban popcorn a Hoyts', babbar sarkar sinima ta Ostiraliya, ya ƙunshi fiye da adadin kuzari 700, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Calories in Hoyts Cinemas Large Popcorn - Calories and Nutrition Facts {{!}} MyFitnessPal.com |url=https://www.myfitnesspal.com/food/calories/hoyts-cinemas-large-popcorn-650445076 |access-date=2018-12-06 |website=www.myfitnesspal.com |archive-date=2018-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102349/https://www.myfitnesspal.com/food/calories/hoyts-cinemas-large-popcorn-650445076 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma shine abin da ya fi shahara a menu ɗinsu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">an buƙata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A cewar Jagororin Abinci na Australiya na 2013, yaro mai shekaru tsakanin 4-8 ya kamata ya ci rabin 'ya'yan itace da rabin kayan lambu kowace rana, yayin da ake ba da shawarar mutane 'yan shekara 9 zuwa sama su ci "2 da 5". <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Australian Dietary Guidelines |url=https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/the_guidelines/n55a_australian_dietary_guidelines_summary_book.pdf |website=Eat for Health |publisher=Australian Government}}</ref> Iyaye za su iya taimakawa wajen yin tasiri mai kyau ga abincin yaransu ta hanyar zama abin koyi da kuma cin nau'ikan 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu iri-iri. Ƙarfafa yara su ci nau'ikan abubuwan ciye-ciye masu gina jiki iri-iri da kuma sanya 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu su zama masu kyau ta hanyar canza siffofi na iya taimakawa wajen jan hankalin yara game da cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu. <ref name=":9"/> == Tasirin zamantakewa == Domin mutum (yara) ya kasance cikin koshin lafiya, dole ne a sami daidaito tsakanin adadin kalori da ake ci da adadin kalori da ake kashewa (ta hanyar motsa jiki). Abubuwan zamantakewa da muhalli da ke kawo cikas ga wannan daidaiton amfani da makamashi/kashewa sun haɗa da canje-canje a tattalin arziki (kudaden abinci), ƙaruwar dogaro da motoci da halayen zama a gida da kuma ƙaruwar tallan abinci mara kyau. === Kafofin watsa labarai da talla === Talla wani abu ne da aka saba gani a cikin al'ummar yau kuma ana gudanar da shi da dabarun gabatarwa da gudanar da shi don shawo kan masu amfani da su mayar da martani ta wata hanya ta musamman. Kimanin kashi 30% na tallace-tallacen da ake gudanarwa a lokutan kallon talabijin na yara a Ostiraliya suna mayar da hankali ne kan abinci da nufin rinjayar yara zuwa ga kayayyakin abinci marasa kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Food advertising directed at children {{!}} Nutrition Australia |url=http://www.nutritionaustralia.org/national/resource/food-advertising-directed-children |access-date=2015-09-01 |website=www.nutritionaustralia.org |archive-date=2015-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005014259/http://nutritionaustralia.org/national/resource/food-advertising-directed-children |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamfanoni kamar McDonald's, musamman, sun ƙirƙiri kuma sun tsara tallace-tallacensu da tallace-tallacensu ta yadda za su kasance masu jan hankali da jan hankali ga yara. Ta hanyar amfani da launuka masu haske, gabatar da Happy Meal, amfani da dabarun filin wasa da kuma halin Ronald McDonald, ya bayyana cewa yara su ne manyan masu sauraro da ake nema ( ''Super Size Me'' ). Hakazalika, ƙungiyoyin wasanni na Ostiraliya galibi kamfanoni ne ke ɗaukar nauyinsu waɗanda ke tallata kayayyakin abinci marasa kyau ga yara da matasa. Rahotanni na baya-bayan nan sun nuna cewa a lokacin wasan [[kurket]] mai cike da tarihi, tambarin KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) ya bayyana a sarari don kashi 61% na lokacin wasa kuma tambarin giya na XXXX ya bayyana a sarari don kashi 75% na lokacin wasa a irin wannan taron. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2009 |title=Should industry care for children? |journal=Public Health Advocacy and Law in Australia}}</ref> A matsayin ƙasa da jaruman wasanni ke mamaye, tare da masu sauraro masu ƙarfi waɗanda suka dogara da yara a lokutan talabijin, haɗa abinci mara kyau da tallafin barasa na iya nuna wa yara cewa har ma da jaruman wasanni da suka fi so suna tallafawa irin waɗannan samfuran marasa kyau. Wasu yara suna ganin yana da wahala su fahimci manufar kayayyakin da ba su da lafiya kamar yadda suka yi amfani da su wajen haifar da mummunan tasirin shan taba. Tallace-tallace a Ostiraliya game da shan taba suna nuna mummunan sakamakon da ke tattare da shi, ta hanyar amfani da hotuna masu hoto da ban tsoro. A kwatanta, ba a nuna abinci mara kyau a cikin irin wannan yanayi ba, duk da daidaiton sakamako. Madadin haka, tallace-tallace, allunan talla da tallace-tallace na talabijin suna nuna kayayyakin abinci mai sauri da kuzari tare da launuka masu kyau da ma'aikata masu farin ciki/ kuzari, suna shawo kan yara su yi imani da cewa abincin da ba shi da kalori yana haɓaka ƙwarewa mai kyau da lada. <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Hesketh |first=K. |last2=Waters |first2=E. |last3=Green |first3=J. |last4=Salmon |first4=L. |last5=Williams |first5=J. |date=2005-03-01 |title=Healthy eating, activity and obesity prevention: a qualitative study of parent and child perceptions in Australia |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_health-promotion-international_2005-03_20_1/page/19 |journal=Health Promotion International |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=19–26 |doi=10.1093/heapro/dah503 |issn=0957-4824 |pmid=15668217 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> === Kafofin Sadarwa na Zamani === Yayin da fasaha da [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin watsa labarun]] suka zama masu ci gaba da sauƙin samu, haka nan ƙaruwar yara ke ƙaruwa a amfani da waɗannan dandamali na raba abubuwan ciki. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ragelienė |first=Tija |last2=Grønhøj |first2=Alice |date=2021-10-01 |title=The role of peers, siblings and social media for children's healthy eating socialization: a mixed methods study |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950329321001385 |journal=Food Quality and Preference |volume=93 |doi=10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104255 |issn=0950-3293 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar sun yi la'akari da alaƙar da ke tsakanin kafofin watsa labarun da kiba na yara; inda suka yi imanin cin abinci yayin kallon kafofin watsa labarun, tasirin masu tasiri da talla a shafukan sada zumunta yana shafar kiba na yara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kucharczuk |first=Adam J. |last2=Oliver |first2=Tracy L. |last3=Dowdell |first3=Elizabeth B. |date=2022-01-01 |title=Social media's influence on adolescents' food choices: A mixed studies systematic literature review |journal=Appetite |volume=168 |doi=10.1016/j.appet.2021.105765 |issn=1095-8304 |pmid=34687823}}</ref> Yara suna fuskantar abubuwan abinci masu ƙarfi kamar ra'ayoyin abinci da takamaiman abubuwan abinci waɗanda za su iya tsara ƙa'idodin zamantakewa na matasa masu amfani game da inda, ta yaya da kuma abincin da za su ci a shafukan sada zumunta. Yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 12 ba su da ilimin talla, iliminsu da fahimtarsu game da talla ba a haɓaka su gaba ɗaya tare da ƙwarewar fahimta. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=De Veirman |first=Marijke |last2=Hudders |first2=Liselot |last3=Nelson |first3=Michelle R. |date=2019-12-03 |title=What Is Influencer Marketing and How Does It Target Children? A Review and Direction for Future Research |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |language=English |volume=10 |page=2685 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02685 |issn=1664-1078 |pmc=6901676 |pmid=31849783 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bincike ya nuna cewa matasa galibi suna ɗaukaka masu tasiri, waɗannan masu tasiri suna zama abin koyi ga ƙananan masu sauraro. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind the Influence of Influencers {{!}} Psychology Today Australia |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/power-in-relationships/202405/behind-the-influence-of-influencers#:~:text=Key%20points |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=www.psychologytoday.com |language=en-AU}}</ref> Yara na iya rasa ilimin fahimtar dalilin da ya sa masu tasiri da suka fi so ke tallata wani takamaiman alama. Kafofin watsa labarun na iya zama hanyar da masu ƙirƙirar abun ciki ke tallata kayayyakin abinci masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke tsara halayen yara game da abinci mai 'lafiya'. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Thomas N. |last2=Banda |first2=Jorge A. |last3=Hale |first3=Lauren |last4=Lu |first4=Amy Shirong |last5=Fleming-Milici |first5=Frances |last6=Calvert |first6=Sandra L. |last7=Wartella |first7=Ellen |date=November 2017 |title=Screen Media Exposure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents |journal=Pediatrics |volume=140 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S97–S101 |doi=10.1542/peds.2016-1758K |issn=0031-4005 |pmc=5769928 |pmid=29093041}}</ref> Duk da haka, shafukan sada zumunta suna da mummunan tasiri ga halayen cin abinci na yara. Sauye-sauye da kyau sun ƙarfafa yara su kwatanta bambance-bambancen siffar jiki da nauyinsu da masu ƙirƙirar abubuwan da suke hulɗa da su, da kuma waɗanda ke kewaye da su kamar sauran ɗalibai. Wannan yana haifar da mummunan tunani game da yadda jiki yake da kyau a gare su, wanda ke haifar da haɗari ga matsalolin cin abinci . <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Yassin |first=Fiona |date=2024-02-05 |title=Is TikTok Pushing Eating Disorder Content to Teens? |url=https://thewaveclinic.com/blog/is-tiktok-pushing-eating-disorder-content-to-teens/ |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=thewaveclinic.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Akwai kuma yanayin da ke haifar da rashin abinci mai gina jiki inda rubuce-rubuce ke iƙirarin cewa suna ƙarfafa salon rayuwa mai 'lafiya' tare da cin abinci mai tsauri, motsa jiki da nau'ikan jiki marasa kyau. <ref name="auto2" /> Irin waɗannan ra'ayoyi kan kiba a lokacin ƙuruciya suna da alaƙa da ra'ayin ɗan adam game da batun mutum. Abubuwan da ake nufi da batun mutum su ne ma'anar asali da aka gina bisa ga wasu ƙa'idodi na zamantakewa. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Peter J |last2=Sweeny |first2=Jennifer |date=2009 |title=The Anthropology of Overweight, Obesity and The Body |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/22438/anthronotes_30_1_2.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y |journal=AnthroNotes |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=6–12 |doi=10.5479/10088/22438 |via=Repository}}</ref> Kafofin sada zumunta na iya zama dandamali ga bambance-bambancen ra'ayi kan kiba, manufofin jiki da kayayyakin abinci da za a bayyana. <ref name=":5" /> Al'ummomin kafofin sada zumunta na iya yin tasiri ga yanayin jikin yara da lafiyarsu. === Farashi da girman rabo === Ta wannan hanyar, don jawo hankalin yara, darajar kayayyakin da ke da wadataccen makamashi ya ragu wanda hakan ya sa waɗannan kayayyakin suka fi araha kuma suka fi samuwa ga matasa. Duk da cewa farashin waɗannan kayayyakin ya ragu, girman kayan ya tashi kwatsam, wanda hakan ya ba mutane damar biyan kuɗi kaɗan don ƙarin. <ref name=":2"/> === Sufuri === Sakamakon ci gaban fasaha a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, mutane sun daidaita tunanin da ba shi da aiki sosai, suna ƙara dogaro da motoci a matsayin hanyar sufuri da kuma miƙa wuya ga halaye masu yawan zama a gida . Mutane sun fi son amfani da abin hawa, bas ko jirgin ƙasa a matsayin sufuri maimakon tafiya ta zahiri ko hawa keke. Wannan ra'ayi mara aiki da 'yan Australiya ke ɗauka a bayyane yake yana ba da gudummawa ga annobar kiba. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2008 wanda ya nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin tafiya da kiba a Turai, Arewacin Amurka da Ostiraliya ya nuna cewa ƙasashen da ke da mafi girman matakan sufuri masu aiki gabaɗaya suna da mafi ƙarancin ƙimar kiba. <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Bassett |first=David R. Jr. |last2=Pucher |first2=John |last3=Buehler |first3=Ralph |last4=Thompson, and Scott E. Crouter |first4=Dixie L. |date=2008 |title=Walking, cycling and obesity rates in Europe, North America and Australia |journal=Journal of Physical Activity and Health |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=795–814 |doi=10.1123/jpah.5.6.795 |pmid=19164816 |s2cid=9821201}}</ref> An ga mafi ƙarancin ƙimar sufuri masu aiki a Amurka (8%) kawai kuma, a daidai lokacin, suna da mafi girman ƙimar [[kiba]] (34.3%). <ref name=":11" /> === Halayyar rashin natsuwa === Wani abin da ya haifar da annobar kiba ta yara shi ne karuwar ayyukan da ba sa motsa jiki. Halayyar da ba ta motsa jiki ta haɗa da lokacin da ake amfani da ita wajen amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki a matsayin hanyar nishaɗi. Misalan sun haɗa da: talabijin, wasannin lantarki a zaune da amfani da kwamfuta, gami da ayyukan ilimi ko waɗanda ba na ilimi ba. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta ba da shawarar cewa yara 'yan shekara 5-12 kada su zauna a zaune fiye da sa'o'i biyu a rana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Health {{!}} Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour |url=http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/pasb |access-date=2015-09-01 |website=www.health.gov.au}}</ref> === Abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki === An kuma ce matsayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na iyalai daban-daban shi ne sanadin da ke haifar da masu kiba da masu kiba. Yaran da suka girma a cikin iyalai waɗanda ke da ƙarancin kuɗi sun fi kamuwa da kiba idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ke da mafi yawan kuɗi kuma saboda haka aka rene su a cikin yanayi mai kyau na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. <ref name=":3"/> Rashin kayan aikin filin wasa, hanyoyi masu haɗari, da unguwannin da ba su da aminci duk abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙarancin motsa jiki. <ref name=":12"/> An kuma ruwaito cewa matsayin kuɗi na iyali shi ne babban tasiri ga lafiyar jiki na yara, domin iyaye ba sa da kuɗin da za su tallafa wa yara wajen shiga ayyukan da ba na makaranta ba da kuma motsa jiki gabaɗaya. <ref name=":12"/> Sakamakon haka, yara sun fi son yin amfani da lokacinsu wajen yin ayyukan da ba sa motsa jiki kamar kallon talabijin. An kuma nuna cewa matsayin tattalin arziki shi ne babban abin da ke haifar da kiba, domin iyalai suna siyan abinci mai araha, waɗanda galibi suna da yawan kitse da kuzari. <ref name=":12" /> Masu bincike sun nuna cewa mutanen da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi suna iya yin kiba, kuma waɗanda ke da kwanciyar hankali a fannin kuɗi, ba sa fuskantar matsala. Dalilin wannan matsalar ya ta'allaka ne akan farashin abinci mai gina jiki da ya fi tsada, wanda hakan ke jawo hankalin kuɗi zuwa ga zaɓuɓɓuka masu rahusa da kalori kamar abinci mai sauri da kuma abincin da za a ci. Duk da haka, ƙananan farashin cin abinci mai kyau sun fi nauyin tattalin arziki da ke kan mutum da kuma al'umma wanda cututtuka masu tsanani da suka shafi abinci ke haifarwa. <ref name=":1"/> === Yanayin makaranta === Domin rage yawaitar kiba a yara a Ostiraliya, iyaye da malamai dole ne su haɗu su haɓaka dabarun da suka fi ƙarfafa cin abinci mai kyau. Dangane da wannan, iyaye dole ne su haɓaka fahimtar takamaiman abincin da zai amfana ko kuma ya zama mara kyau ga lafiyar 'ya'yansu. Kafa shirye-shiryen makaranta waɗanda ke ƙarfafa yara su shiga cikin motsa jiki shi ma yana da mahimmanci, wanda ke gabatar da yara ga hanyoyin motsa jiki masu daɗi kamar wasannin hulɗa. <ref name=":12"/> === Rauni da damuwa tsakanin tsararraki === Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa raunin da ya faru tsakanin tsararraki yana da matuƙar tasiri ga kiba a yara, musamman a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da galihu. Raunin, wanda ya samo asali ne daga rashin adalci na tarihi kamar wariyar launin fata a hukumomi, mulkin mallaka, da talauci mai ɗorewa, yana haifar da rikici a cikin iyalai. Bayan lokaci, waɗannan matsin lamba suna haifar da yanayi inda halayen da ba su da kyau na jurewa, gami da [[Cin abinci na motsin rai|cin abinci mai daɗi]], suka zama ruwan dare. [[Matsanancin yau da kullun|Damuwa ta yau da kullun]] tana lalata daidaiton [[cortisol]], wani hormone da ke da alaƙa da ci da kuma adana kitse, don haka yana ƙara yiwuwar kiba a cikin yara. ''' '''Binciken ilimin ɗan adam ya jaddada cewa yanayin da aka renon waɗannan yaran galibi yana shafar irin wannan mummunan rauni na tarihi. Sau da yawa ana bayyana waɗannan yanayi ta hanyar rashin [[Tsaron abinci|wadatar abinci]], ƙarancin wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, da rashin isasshen damar yin motsa jiki mai ƙarfi. Hulɗar da ke tsakanin masu damuwa da muhalli da [[Raunin kwakwalwa|raunin tunani]] da aka gada yana haifar da yanayi mafi kyau don fara kiba. Ana samun shaidar rauni da damuwa tsakanin tsararraki game da kiba a yara a duk faɗin Ostiraliya. Bincike ya nuna cewa yaran 'yan asalin ƙasar a tsawon tarihi sun kasance cikin haɗarin yin kiba ko kiba. Wani bincike daga Binciken Lafiya na 'Yan Asalin Australiya da Torres Strait Islander, 2012–2013 ya nuna cewa kashi 11.8% na yaran 'yan asalin ƙasar masu shekaru 10-14 sun yi kiba, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 6.3% na yaran da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba ne suka yi kiba a Ostiraliya. <ref name="auto1">{{Cite journal |date=2019-12-04 |title=Aboriginal childhood overweight and obesity: the need for Aboriginal designed and led initiatives - December 2019, Volume 29, Issue 4 {{!}} PHRP |url=https://www.phrp.com.au/issues/december-2019-volume-29-issue-4/aboriginal-childhood-overweight-and-obesity-the-need-for-aboriginal-designed-and-led-initiatives/ |language=en-US |doi=10.17061/phrp2941925 |access-date=2024-08-20 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> An kori al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar daga filayen gargajiya, tushen abinci da salon rayuwarsu, wanda ya bar su su daidaita da salon rayuwa da abinci na Yamma. Mulkin mallaka yana ci gaba da taka rawa a cikin yanayin rayuwar mutanen ƙasashen farko a duk faɗin Ostiraliya. Al'ummomin da ke nesa galibi ana barin su neman abinci mai araha kuma mai sauƙin samu saboda zaɓuɓɓukan abinci masu lafiya galibi suna da tsada, rashin daidaiton zamantakewa, rashin isasshen damar samun lafiya, da ilimi, matsin lamba na kuɗi da yawan laifuka suma sune abubuwan da ke haifar da kiba a yara. <ref name="auto1" /> Fahimtar kiba a lokacin ƙuruciya daga mahangar raunin da ya faru tsakanin tsararraki yana canza hankali daga alhakin mutum zuwa fahimtar da ta fi rikitarwa game da hulɗar da ke tsakanin abubuwan halitta, zamantakewa, da tarihi. Wannan hangen nesa yana nuna yadda rashin adalci na tarihi da rashin amfanin tattalin arziki ke haifar da yanayi waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kiba, yana ƙalubalantar imanin da aka daɗe ana yi cewa kiba sakamakon zaɓin mutum ne kawai. Sakamakon raunin zai iya canza halayen damuwa da hanyoyin halitta, wanda ke haifar da ayyuka da yanayi waɗanda ke sa mutane su fi kamuwa da kiba. == Illolin kiba == === Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam === Ra'ayin ɗan gajeren lokaci ga yara a Ostiraliya waɗanda ke fama da BMI sama da 25&nbsp;kg/ ^m2 <ref name=":0"/> ya haɗa da tabarbarewar [[Lafiya|lafiyar jikinsu]] da kuma raguwar lafiyar [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|kwakwalwa]] . Yaran da suka yi kiba ko kuma suka yi kiba lokacin da suka isa makarantarsu, wataƙila za su fuskanci wariya, cin zarafi da kuma ba'a a filin wasa. <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=January 2006 |title=The Emotional Toll of Obesity |url=https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/obesity/Pages/The-Emotional-Toll-of-Obesity.aspx |access-date=2015-09-03 |website=HealthyChildren.org}}</ref> Mutanen da aka sa su ji kamar ba su da kyau saboda kamannin jikinsu suna haɓaka halin sanin kansu game da siffar jikinsu, wanda hakan ke haifar da su jin baƙin ciki, damuwa da rashin iyawa. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":17" /> Irin wannan illar ta fuskar tunani na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga iyawar yara na ƙulla dangantaka da yin abota da takwarorinsu. Ƙyamar da ke tattare da "cikakkiyar siffar jiki" na iya zama abin ƙasƙanci ga matasa waɗanda ke jin ba za su iya cimma burin irin waɗannan yanayi ba, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙarin lalacewa a hankali da kuma a jiki ( rashin lafiyan abinci da kuma bulimia ). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eating Disorders and Obesity |url=http://www.nedc.com.au/eating-disorders-and-obesity |access-date=2015-09-01 |website=www.nedc.com.au |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919155407/http://www.nedc.com.au/eating-disorders-and-obesity |archive-date=2015-09-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga hangen nesa na dogon lokaci, kiba na iya haifar da mummunan tasirin tunani ga mutanen da aka nuna wariya kuma aka zalunta a wurin aiki. Ana kuma amfani da abinci a matsayin hanyar magance matsalolin tunani ga manya masu kiba waɗanda ke jin daɗin rayuwa lokacin da suke jin damuwa, kaɗaici da baƙin ciki. Laifin da ake ji sakamakon wannan "cin abinci mara hankali" na iya sa mutane su ji damuwa da damuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Journal of Lancaster General Health - Behavioral and Psychological Factors in Obesity |url=http://www.jlgh.org/Past-Issues/Volume-4---Issue-4/Behavioral-and-Psychological-Factors-in-Obesity.aspx |access-date=2015-09-03 |website=www.jlgh.org}}</ref> === Illolin da ke tattare da laƙabi da kiba === Ta hanyar rarraba kiba a fannin likitanci, BMI, an yiwa kiba lakabi da 'annoba'. <ref name="auto3">{{Cite journal |last=Talumaa |first=Britta |last2=Brown |first2=Adrian |last3=Batterham |first3=Rachel L. |last4=Kalea |first4=Anastasia Z. |date=October 2022 |title=Effective strategies in ending weight stigma in healthcare |journal=Obesity Reviews |language=en |volume=23 |issue=10 |doi=10.1111/obr.13494 |issn=1467-7881 |pmc=9540781 |pmid=35934011}}</ref> Waɗannan wakilcin kiba na iya haifar da zargin wanda aka zalunta da kuma ƙyama, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin girman kai, kunya, da warewa, wanda a ƙarshe ke shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa da ta jiki ta yara. <ref name="auto3" /> Scheper-Hughes da Lock <ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Scheper-Hughes |first=Nancy |last2=Lock |first2=Margaret M. |date=1987 |title=The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_medical-anthropology-quarterly_1987-03_1_1/page/n7 |journal=Medical Anthropology Quarterly |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=6–41 |doi=10.1525/maq.1987.1.1.02a00020 |issn=0745-5194 |jstor=648769}}</ref> sun nuna cewa akwai abubuwa da yawa ga jiki fiye da abin da aka gabatar a gabanmu, kuma suna amfani da jikin mutum uku; siyasa ta mutum ɗaya, ta zamantakewa, da ta jiki, don bayyana wannan. Ana iya danganta gogewar kunya da ƙyama ga jikin zamantakewa. Ana iya jayayya cewa kiba wani nau'i ne na karkacewa daga abin da ake ɗauka a matsayin BMI 'na al'ada' ko lafiya. Ra'ayin karkacewa yana nuna cewa laifin yaron ne ba su ne nauyin jiki na 'al'ada' ba, wanda ke barin wasu su yi zato game da zaɓin salon rayuwarsu, wanda ke haifar da zargin wanda aka zalunta da ƙyama. <ref name="auto" /> Wannan mayar da hankali kan nauyin jiki da abinci mai gina jiki an san shi da Tsarin Lafiya Mai Tsari Mai Nauyi (WCHP). Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa ya kamata a mai da hankali kan lafiya da walwala. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=O'Hara |first=Lily |last2=Taylor |first2=Jane |date=April 2018 |title=What's Wrong With the 'War on Obesity?' A Narrative Review of the Weight-Centered Health Paradigm and Development of the 3C Framework to Build Critical Competency for a Paradigm Shift |journal=SAGE Open |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |page=215824401877288 |doi=10.1177/2158244018772888 |issn=2158-2440 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Motsin [[Lafiya a Kowani Mataki|Lafiya a Kowane Girma]] yana haɓaka lafiya ba tare da sarrafa nauyin jiki ba. Ƙarfin hali a bayyane yake a cikin al'umma cewa, waɗanda suka bayyana siriri sun kafa mizani na yadda dukkan jiki ya kamata su kasance, duk abin da ya bambanta ana ganinsa daban. Ƙimar al'umma tana kama da ta ainihin lafiyar mutane, gami da yara. Wannan yana haifar da ra'ayin cewa waɗanda ba su dace da yanayin al'ada ba suna da lahani. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jutel |first=Annemarie |date=August 2005 |title=Weighing Health: The Moral Burden of Obesity |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10350330500154717 |journal=Social Semiotics |language=en |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=113–125 |doi=10.1080/10350330500154717 |issn=1035-0330 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mayar da hankali kan lafiya maimakon bayyanar ko BMI na iya rage tasirin lafiyar kwakwalwa na yara masu kiba. === Jiki === [[Fayil:Medical_complications_of_obesity.png|thumb|Kiba na iya shafar lafiyar jiki gaba ɗaya na mutum a cikin dogon lokaci.]] Abubuwan da kiba ke haifarwa a jiki ga yara sun haɗa da [[Bugawar bacci|rashin bacci]], rashin numfashi, ƙarancin haƙuri ga motsa jiki da matsalolin ƙashi da na ciki, gami da cututtukan hanta mai kitse marasa giya . <ref name=":1"/> Yaran da ke rama waɗannan matsalolin lafiyar jiki suna fama da wahalar mai da hankali sosai a makaranta kuma suna ganin yana da wahala su dace da su, ana ware su saboda rashin iya yin motsa jiki. A cewar Dietitians Australia, kashi 25-50% na yara masu kiba ko masu kiba waɗanda suka zama manya sun zama masu kiba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Childhood Obesity {{!}} Dietitians Australia |url=https://dietitiansaustralia.org.au/smart-eating-for-you/smart-eating-fast-facts/children/should-we-be-concerned-about-a-childs-weight/ |access-date=2020-09-07 |website=dietitiansaustralia.org.au}}</ref> Saboda haka, illolin kiba na dogon lokaci sun haɗa da [[Cutar zuciya|cututtukan zuciya da]] jijiyoyin jini ( [[hawan jini]] da hawan jini ) da kuma nau'ikan [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] na musamman, musamman ciwon [[Ciwon daji mai launi|hanji]], koda da [[Sankaran Nono|nono]] . <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":4"/> Cutar hanta mai kitse mara giya (NAFLD) tana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗarin kiba da ake dangantawa da tarin kitse a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - Mayo Clinic |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/basics/definition/con-20027761 |access-date=2015-09-01 |website=www.mayoclinic.org}}</ref> Ana kuma cewa lahani na tsoka kamar [[osteoarthritis]] suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da kiba saboda yawan nauyin da ake sakawa a kan gidajen abinci. <ref name=":1" /> Mutanen da ke da BMI wanda yayi daidai da ko ya fi 25&nbsp;an kuma ce kg/m2 <ref name=":0"/> yana da ƙarin damar yin [[Mutuwa|ɗabi'a kafin lokaci]] . <ref name=":4" /> === Kudaden tattalin arziki da sakamakonsa === Sakamakon kididdiga mai ban tsoro da ta shafi adadin yara masu kiba a Ostiraliya, sakamakon ya kuma yi yawa ga tattalin arziki. Tsakanin shekaru 4-5, a cewar Nazarin Longitudinal of Australian Children, farashin kiba na yara ya yi tashin gwauron zabi. <ref name=":1"/> An kiyasta cewa [[tsarin kiwon lafiya]] ya kunshi kula da lafiya kai tsaye, kula da lafiya kai tsaye, da nauyin cututtukan da suka shafi cutar ya kai dala biliyan 58.2 a shekarar 2008. <ref name=":4"/> Kudaden kai tsaye sun hada da manyan cututtuka guda 4: cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, [[Nau'in ciwon sukari na 2|ciwon suga na nau'in 2]], ciwon osteoarthritis da wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji na musamman tare da kudaden kai tsaye da suka shafi asarar yawan aiki ( [[Mutuwa|dabi'a da rashin lafiya kafin]] lokaci) da nauyin cututtuka, kudaden kuɗi da zamantakewa. Musamman cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini sun kai dala biliyan 34.6, ciwon daji, dala biliyan 9.7, ciwon suga na nau'in 2 dala biliyan 8.3 da ciwon osteoarthritis dala biliyan 5.7. <ref name=":4" /> == Rigakafi/Gudanarwa/Magani == Hanyoyi biyu mafiya muhimmanci na magani da mutane za su yi don yaƙar kiba sun haɗa da canza zuwa abinci mai kyau da kuma ƙara motsa jiki. <ref name=":4"/> A cikin mawuyacin hali, idan yara suka yi [[Kiba|kiba mai tsanani,]] za a iya yin tiyatar bariatric . === Tsarin rage cin abinci === [[Fayil:Fruit_and_vegetables_basket.jpg|thumb|Yana da muhimmanci iyaye da malamai su ƙarfafa yara su ci ƙarin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu.]] A Ostiraliya, ana tallata kamfen ɗin "'Ya'yan Itace 2 da Kayan Lambu 5" don ilmantar da yara ƙanana da manya game da abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata a cikin abincin yau da kullun. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=Go for 2 and 5 |url=http://www.healthyactive.gov.au/internet/healthyactive/publishing.nsf/Content/2and5book.pdf/$File/2and5book.pdf |website=2 fruit 5 veg |publisher=Government of Western Australia |access-date=2026-06-12 |archive-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218162908/http://www.healthyactive.gov.au/internet/healthyactive/publishing.nsf/Content/2and5book.pdf/$File/2and5book.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ga manya waɗanda ke da alhakin abincin da 'ya'yansu ke ci gaba da ci, yana da mahimmanci su san mahimman dabarun tsarin lafiya. Ya kamata manya su samar wa 'ya'yansu abinci mai matsakaici zuwa mai ƙarancin kitse ta hanyar iyakance adadin abinci mai yawa da suke ciyar da su, nanata mahimmancin cin karin kumallo da kuma ƙarfafa yara su ci kayan lambu. Ga matasa matasa waɗanda ke da kashi 80 na BMI ko sama da haka, akwai wasu shirye-shiryen rage nauyi da ake da su waɗanda ke ba da sabis da aka ƙayyade a cikin shawarwarin abinci da horar da motsa jiki. <ref name=":4"/> Haka kuma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci iyaye da masu kula da yara su san yadda za su ci abinci mai kyau ga 'ya'yansu. Ƙirƙirar dabarun yadda za su ƙarfafa 'ya'yansu su ci abinci mai kyau da kuma fahimtar ilimin yadda za su bambanta tsakanin abubuwan ciye-ciye masu yawa da marasa kalori waɗanda aka riga aka shirya. <ref name=":12"/> Masana'antar abinci kuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka abinci mai kyau a matsayin gudanarwa daga mahangar abinci. Hanyoyin sun haɗa da samar da abinci mai kyau da ake samu a ko'ina kuma mai araha ga abokan cinikinsu. Kulawa da kyau da kuma kula da adadin kitse, sukari da gishiri da ke cikin abincin da ake sayarwa shima yana da mahimmanci. <ref name=":0"/> === Motsa jiki === [[Fayil:Jogging_with_dog_at_Carcavelos_Beach.jpg|thumb|Babbar hanyar hana kiba ita ce motsa jiki. Kamfen ɗin "Find 30" ya sake nanata muhimmancin motsa jiki na akalla mintuna 30 a rana domin kiyaye rayuwa mai kyau.]] Motsa jiki, domin yaro ya ci gaba da rayuwa mai kyau, dole ne a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na tsarin rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun. <ref name=":1"/> Muhalli, gami da makarantu da unguwannin gida inda yara ke girma, muhimmin abin ƙarfafa motsa jiki ne. Wuraren wasanni, wuraren wasanni da hanyoyin keke duk siffofi ne masu ƙarfafa gwiwa waɗanda ke shafar tsawon lokacin da yaro yake motsa jiki a kowace rana. <ref name=":12"/> Kamfen ɗin "Healthy Together Victoria " wanda Babban Makarantar St Pauls da ke Mildura ke gudanarwa shiri ne da gwamnatin jiha ke ɗaukar nauyinsa, wanda, a cewar ma'aikacin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya Timothy Armstrong, an san shi a duk duniya tare da New Zealand, Burtaniya da Kanada duk suna shiga cikin irin wannan atisayen. Shirin a Victoria ya mayar da hankali kan lafiyar ɗalibansa ta hanyar yin tafiya a kowace safiya da kuma ƙarfafa yara su halarci karin kumallo mai lafiya bayan haka, sau uku a mako. <ref name=":6"/> Wani kamfen da ake gudanarwa a Ostiraliya don ilmantarwa da ƙarfafa mutane su riƙa motsa jiki akai-akai shine shirin "Nemo 30". An fara ƙaddamar da kamfen ɗin "nemo 30 kowace rana" a shekarar 2008, yana ƙarfafa 'yan takarar Ostiraliya su shiga aƙalla mintuna talatin na motsa jiki mai matsakaicin ƙarfi a matsayin maƙasudi don kiyaye rayuwa mai kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Thirty {{!}} The campaign |url=http://www.findthirty.tas.gov.au/campaign |access-date=2015-09-01 |website=www.findthirty.tas.gov.au |archive-date=2015-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414084827/http://www.findthirty.tas.gov.au/campaign |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Tiyatar Bariatric === Ko da yake akwai hanyoyi da yawa na rigakafi na ɗan gajeren lokaci don yaƙar kiba a yara, akwai wasu mutane da ke komawa ga nauyin farko na asali don haka suna iya komawa ga matakan tiyata don cimma sakamako mai ɗorewa. <ref name=":4"/> Tiyatar Bariatric hanya ce mai inganci da ake amfani da ita don takaita yawan cin abinci ga marasa lafiya da rage shan abinci a cikin ciki da hanji . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-11 |title=What is Bariatric Surgery? |url=https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Bariatric-Surgery.aspx |access-date=2015-09-01}}</ref> Ana cewa irin wannan hanyoyin na iya rage yawan nauyin jiki na mutanen da ke da kiba ko kiba da kashi 50-75%, a ƙarshe suna ci gaba da rage wannan asarar nauyi na tsawon shekaru 16 masu zuwa. <ref name=":4" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] db5v3wx9ycknydmlztpn50p65yu5u5k 0 156961 975502 970790 2026-11-03T08:53:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox medical intervention|Name=Physical therapy / physiotherapy|Image=Physical Therapists at work.jpg|Caption=Military physical therapists working with patients on balance problems, [[orthopedic]]s, [[amputee|amputation]], and examining the patient's [[muscle strength|strength]], flexibility, joint range of motion, and gait.|ICD10=|ICD9={{ICD9proc|93.0}}-{{ICD9proc|93.3}}|MeshID=D026761|OPS301=|OtherCodes=}}<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /> Sana'ar tana da fannoni da yawa da suka haɗa da [[Tsarin tsokoki da ƙashi na mutum|musculoskeletal]], orthopedics, cardiopulmonary, neurology, endocrinology, sports medicine, [[Magungunan tsofaffi|geriatrics]], pediatrics, pediatrics, [[Lafiyar Mata|health of women]], care pain and electromyography . PTs suna yin aiki a wurare da yawa, na gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu. <ref name="APTA_1/17/2008">{{Cite web |last=American Physical Therapy Association |date=17 January 2008 |title=APTA Background Sheet 2008 |url=http://www.apta.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Physical_Therapy&TEMPLATE=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=33205 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529180223/http://www.apta.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Physical_Therapy&TEMPLATE=%2FCM%2FHTMLDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=33205 |archive-date=29 May 2008 |access-date=29 May 2008 |publisher=American Physical Therapy Association}}</ref> Baya ga aikin asibiti, wasu fannoni na aikin motsa jiki sun haɗa da bincike, ilimi, shawarwari, da kuma [[Gudanar da kiwon lafiya|kula da lafiya]] . Masu ilimin motsa jiki suna ba da [[Kulawa na farko|kulawar farko]] ga marasa lafiya tare da sauran ayyukan likita. A wasu yankuna, kamar Burtaniya, masu ilimin motsa jiki na iya samun ikon rubuta magani.   == Bayani == Maganin motsa jiki yana magance cututtuka ko raunuka da ke iyakance ikon mutum na motsawa da yin ayyukan da suka dace a rayuwarsa ta yau da kullun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Occupational Outlook Handbook – Physical Therapists |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physical-therapists.htm |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=bls.gov}}</ref> Likitocin PT suna amfani da [[Tarihin kiwon lafiya|tarihin]] mutum da gwajin jiki don isa ga ganewar asali da kuma kafa tsarin gudanarwa, kuma idan ya cancanta, suna haɗa sakamakon nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje da hotuna kamar X-ray, CT scans, ko MRIs. Masu ilimin motsa jiki na iya amfani da sonography don gano da kuma sarrafa yanayin tsoka, jijiyoyi, da huhu na yau da kullun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Diagnostic and procedural imaging in physical therapist practice |url=https://www.orthopt.org/uploads/content_files/files/DxProcImagPhysTherPractice_FINAL%281%29.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028101158/https://www.orthopt.org/uploads/content_files/files/DxProcImagPhysTherPractice_FINAL%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2021-10-28}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vieira |first=Rui |last2=Segura-Grau |first2=Elena |last3=Magalhães |first3=Juliana |last4=dos Santos |first4=Joseph |last5=Patrão |first5=Luís |date=September 2020 |title=Lung ultrasound as a tool to guide respiratory physiotherapy |journal=Journal of Clinical Ultrasound |volume=48 |issue=7 |pages=431–434 |doi=10.1002/jcu.22860 |pmid=32497252}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Certification – RMSK |url=https://www.apca.org/certifications-examinations/Registered-in-Musculoskeletal-Sonography/ |access-date=2026-06-12 |archive-date=2024-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418073721/https://www.apca.org/certifications-examinations/Registered-in-Musculoskeletal-Sonography/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana iya amfani da gwajin ganewar asali na lantarki (misali, gwajin electromyograms da gwajin saurin sarrafa jijiyoyi). <ref name="evalGuidelinesAPTA">{{Cite web |last=American Physical Therapy Association Section on Clinical Electrophysiology and Wound Management |title=Curriculum Content Guidelines for Electrophysiologic Evaluation |url=http://www.aptasce-wm.org/documents/guidelines/ENMG%20EvaluationGuidelines.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904055829/http://www.aptasce-wm.org/documents/guidelines/ENMG%20EvaluationGuidelines.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2011 |access-date=29 May 2008 |website=Educational Guidelines |publisher=American Physical Therapy Association}}</ref> ''Gudanar da'' PT yawanci ya haɗa da rubutaccen magani, ko taimako tare da, motsa jiki na musamman, maganin hannu, da kuma sarrafa jiki. Ƙarin jiyya sun haɗa da na'urorin injiniya kamar jan hankali; ilimi; hanyoyin lantarki waɗanda suka haɗa da zafi, sanyi, wutar lantarki, raƙuman sauti, da radiation; na'urorin taimako; prostheses; da orthoses . Bugu da ƙari, PTs suna aiki tare da mutane don hana asarar motsi kafin ya faru ta hanyar haɓaka shirye-shiryen motsa jiki da lafiya don rayuwa mai lafiya da aiki, da kuma samar da ayyuka ga mutane da al'ummomi don haɓaka, kiyayewa, da dawo da matsakaicin motsi da ƙarfin aiki a duk tsawon rayuwa. Wannan ya haɗa da samar da magani a cikin yanayi inda motsi da aiki ke fuskantar barazana daga tsufa, rauni, cuta, ko abubuwan muhalli. Motsin aiki yana da mahimmanci ga abin da ake nufi da zama [[lafiya]] . Jinyar motsa jiki sana'a ce da ke da fannoni da yawa ciki har da [[Tsarin tsokoki da ƙashi na mutum|musculoskeletal]], orthopedics, zuciya da huhu, ilimin jijiyoyi, ilimin endocrinology, likitancin wasanni, [[Magungunan tsofaffi|ilimin tsofaffi]], ilimin yara, [[Lafiyar Mata|lafiyar mata]], kula da rauni da kuma electromyography . Likitocin PT suna aiki a wurare da yawa, kamar asibitoci masu zaman kansu, asibitoci ko ofisoshi na waje, asibitoci, asibitoci na lafiya da walwala, asibitoci na gyara, wuraren jinya masu ƙwarewa, wuraren kulawa na dogon lokaci, gidaje masu zaman kansu, cibiyoyin ilimi da bincike, makarantu, asibitoci, wuraren aiki na masana'antu ko wasu wurare na aiki, cibiyoyin motsa jiki da wuraren horar da wasanni . <ref name="APTA_1/17/2008"/> Masu ilimin motsa jiki kuma suna aiki a cikin ayyukan kula da marasa lafiya kamar manufofin lafiya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Health policy implications for patient education in physical therapy |url=https://www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324161029/http://www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/ |archive-date=24 March 2011}}</ref> <ref>Initiatives in Rehabilitation Research, {{Cite web |title=Physical Therapy &#124; Oxford Academic |url=http://ptjournal.apta.org/cgi/content/full/86/1/141 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130223105653/http://ptjournal.apta.org/cgi/content/full/86/1/141 |archive-date=23 February 2013 |access-date=2010-09-12}}</ref> inshorar lafiya, gudanar da harkokin kiwon lafiya, da kuma a matsayin shugabannin kula da lafiya. Masu ilimin motsa jiki suna da hannu a fannin likitanci-doka suna aiki a matsayin ƙwararru, suna yin bita na takwarorinsu da kuma gwaje-gwajen likita masu zaman kansu . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ORTIZ vs. EXAMWORKS, INC., 470 Mass. 784 |url=http://masscases.com/cases/sjc/470/470mass784.html}}</ref> Ilimi ya bambanta sosai daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Tsawon lokacin ilimi ya kama daga wasu ƙasashe waɗanda ba su da ilimi na yau da kullun zuwa wasu kuma waɗanda ke da digirin digirgir da kuma wuraren zama na bayan digirin digirgir da kuma guraben karo ilimi. <ref name="Jesus_2016">{{Cite journal |last=Jesus |first=Tiago S. |last2=Koh |first2=Gerald |last3=Landry |first3=Michel |last4=Ong |first4=Peck-Hoon |last5=Lopes |first5=Antonio |last6=Green |first6=Peter L. |last7=Hoenig |first7=Helen |date=October 2016 |title=Finding the "Right-Size" Physical Therapy Workforce: International Perspective Across 4 Countries |journal=Physical Therapy |volume=96 |issue=10 |pages=1597–1609 |doi=10.2522/ptj.20160014 |pmid=27149960 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dangane da alaƙarta da sauran sana'o'in kiwon lafiya, ilimin motsa jiki yawanci ɗaya ne daga cikin sana'o'in kiwon lafiya da ke da alaƙa . <ref name="ASAHP_def">{{Cite web |title=What is Allied Health? |url=http://www.asahp.org/what-is/ |access-date=10 March 2020 |publisher=Association of Schools of Allied Health Professionals}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Allied Health (Paramedical) Services and Education |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/204786/B3429.pdf}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Allied Health Professionals |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/allied-health-professionals}}</ref> World Physiotherapy ta sanya hannu kan "takardar fahimtar juna" tare da sauran membobi huɗu na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Lafiya ta Duniya "don haɓaka haɗin gwiwarsu kan karewa da saka hannun jari a cikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya don samar da kulawa mai aminci, inganci da adalci a kowane fanni". <ref name="WHO_11/7/2022">{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2022 |title=WHO, members of the World Health Professions Alliance sign new memorandum of understanding on health workforce priorities |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/07-11-2022-WHO_WHPA_MOU |access-date=January 13, 2024 |website=[[World Health Organization]]}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Exercise_to_shoulder_and_elbow_to_increase_motion_following_fracture_and_dislocation_of_humerus_is_being_given_by_an..._-_NARA_-_522885.tiff|right|thumb|300x300px|Ana ba wa wani majiyyaci soja motsa jiki ta kafada da gwiwar hannu don ƙara motsi bayan karyewar ƙashi da kuma yankewar ƙashin humerus .]] Ana kyautata zaton likitoci kamar Hippocrates da Galen daga baya su ne likitoci na farko da suka fara yin aikin motsa jiki, suna ba da shawarar tausa, dabarun gyaran hannu da kuma maganin ruwa don magance mutane a shekarar 460.&nbsp;BC. A cikin littafin "De Arte Gymnastica" (Fasaha ta Gymnastics, wanda aka buga a 1569), likitan Italiya Hieronymus Mercurialis (1530–1606) ya gabatar da kalmar "gymnastics na likitanci," yana nuna ɗaya daga cikin ma'anonin "gymnastics" a matsayin kayan aikin gyara ga marasa lafiya na kowane zamani. Masanin ilimin halittar jiki kuma masanin lissafi ɗan ƙasar Italiya Alfonso Borelli (1608–1679) ya sami sakamako mai mahimmanci a fannin [[Biomechanics|kimiyyar halittu]] na dabbobi da na ɗan adam. Littafinsa mai suna "De Motu Animalium" (Akan Motsi na Dabbobi), wanda aka buga a shekarar 1680, jim kaɗan bayan rasuwarsa, ya samar da tsarin aiki don fahimtar yanayin motsi na marasa lafiya da nakasassu. A ƙarni na 18, likitan Faransa Nicolas Andry de Bois-Regard (1658–1742) ya kafa ingantacciyar alaƙa tsakanin lafiyar na'urorin tsoka da motsa jiki, kuma a cikin littafinsa "Traité d'orthopédie" (Treatise on Orthopedics, 1741), ya gabatar da sabon kalmar "orthopedics". Bayan Nicolas Andry de Bois-Regard, wannan ilimin ya zama ginshiƙi don fahimtar motsa jiki daidai a cikin gyaran jiki. Bayan haɓaka na'urorin ƙafafu a ƙarni na 18, an ƙirƙiri injuna kamar Gymnasticon don magance [[gout]] da cututtuka makamantan su ta hanyar motsa jiki na haɗin gwiwa, kama da ci gaban da aka samu daga baya a cikin aikin motsa jiki. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bakewell S |date=October 1997 |title=Medical gymnastics and the Cyriax collection |journal=Medical History |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=487–95 |doi=10.1017/s0025727300063067 |pmc=1043941 |pmid=9536620}}</ref> Asalin farko da aka rubuta na ainihin maganin motsa jiki a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwararru ya samo asali ne daga Per Henrik Ling, "Uban Gymnastics na Sweden," wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Royal Central of Gymnastics (RCIG) a 1813 don yin amfani da haɗin gwiwa da motsa jiki. Har zuwa 2014, kalmar Sweden don mai ilimin motsa jiki shine ''sjukgymnast'', ko kuma wani wanda ke da hannu a cikin motsa jiki ga waɗanda ke rashin lafiya, amma daga baya aka canza sunan zuwa ''fysioterapeut'' (mai ilimin motsa jiki), kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita a sauran ƙasashen Scandinavia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fysioterapeut – nytt name på yet suk gymnast sedan 2014 |url=https://www.fysioterapeuterna.se/Profession/Om-professionen/Fysioterapeut--ny-skyddad-yrkestitel-for-sjukgymnaster/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828233655/https://www.fysioterapeuterna.se/Profession/Om-professionen/Fysioterapeut--ny-skyddad-yrkestitel-for-sjukgymnaster/ |archive-date=28 August 2016 |access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref> A 1887, Hukumar Lafiya da Jin Daɗi ta Ƙasa ta Sweden ta ba wa PTs rajista a hukumance. Sauran ƙasashe ba da daɗewa ba suka biyo baya. A 1894, ma'aikatan jinya huɗu a Burtaniya sun kafa Chartered Society of Physiotherapy . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chartered Society of Physiotherapy |title=History of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy |url=http://www.csp.org.uk/director/about/thecsp/history.cfm |access-date=29 May 2008 |publisher=Chartered Society of Physiotherapy}}</ref> Sauran ƙungiyoyin farko na masu ilimin motsa jiki sun haɗa da Makarantar Ilimin Jiki a Jami'ar Otago da ke New Zealand a 1913, <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2007 |title=History of the School of Physiotherapy |url=http://physio.Otago.ac.NZ/about/history.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224020426/http://physio.otago.ac.nz/about/history.asp |archive-date=24 December 2007 |access-date=29 May 2008 |website=School of Physiotherapy Centre for Physiotherapy Research |publisher=University of Otago}}</ref> da Kwalejin Reed ta Amurka a 1914 a Portland, Oregon, wacce ta kammala karatun "masu taimakawa wajen sake ginawa." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reed College |title=Mission and History |url=http://www.reed.edu/about_reed/history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920160729/https://www.reed.edu/about_reed/history.html |archive-date=20 September 2018 |access-date=29 May 2008 |website=About Reed |publisher=Reed College}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka fara wannan sana'a, maganin rage radadi na kashin baya ya kasance babban ɓangare na aikin motsa jiki. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bialosky JE, Simon CB, Bishop MD, George SZ |date=October 2012 |title=Basis for spinal manipulative therapy: a physical therapist perspective |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-electromyography-and-kinesiology_2012-10_22_5/page/643 |journal=Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=643–7 |doi=10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.11.014 |pmc=3461123 |pmid=22197083}}</ref> An kafa tsarin motsa jiki na zamani a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 saboda abubuwan da suka shafi lafiyar jiki a duniya, wanda ya buƙaci ci gaba cikin sauri a fannin motsa jiki. Bayan haka, likitocin ƙashi na Amurka sun fara kula da yara masu nakasa kuma sun ɗauki mata da aka horar a fannin ilimin motsa jiki, da motsa jiki na gyara. An ƙara amfani da waɗannan magungunan kuma an ƙarfafa su a lokacin barkewar cutar shan inna ta 1916. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, an ɗauki mata aiki don su yi aiki tare da kuma dawo da aikin jiki ga sojojin da suka ji rauni, kuma an kafa fannin kula da lafiyar jiki a matsayin cibiyar kula da lafiyar jiki. A shekarar 1918, an yi amfani da kalmar "Mataimakin Sake Ginawa" don nufin mutanen da ke yin aikin kula da lafiyar jiki. An kafa makarantar farko ta kula da lafiyar jiki a Asibitin Sojoji na Walter Reed da ke Washington, DC, bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Missouri Women in the Health Sciences – Health Professions – Development of the Field of Physical Therapy |url=http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mowihsp/health/PTdevel.htm |website=beckerexhibits.wustl.edu |access-date=2026-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716211019/http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mowihsp/health/PTdevel.htm |archive-date=2011-07-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Maganin a cikin shekarun 1940 ya ƙunshi motsa jiki, tausa, da jan hankali . An fara amfani da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su wajen sarrafa kashin baya da haɗin gwiwa na gaɓoɓi, musamman a ƙasashen Commonwealth na Burtaniya, a farkon shekarun 1950. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=McKenzie R |year=2002 |title=Patient Heal Thyself |journal=Worldwide Spine & Rehabilitation |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=16–20}}</ref> A lokacin da aka samar da alluran rigakafin cutar shan inna, kasancewar masu ilimin motsa jiki ya zama ruwan dare a asibitoci a duk faɗin Arewacin Amurka da Turai. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=af Klinteberg M |year=1992 |title=The history and present scope of physical therapy |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-tech-assessment-in-health-care_winter-1992_8_1/page/4 |journal=International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=4–9 |doi=10.1017/s0266462300007856 |pmid=1601592 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, masu ilimin motsa jiki sun fara wuce asibitoci kawai zuwa asibitocin ƙashi na waje, makarantun gwamnati, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na kwaleji/jami'a, wuraren tsofaffi (wuraren jinya masu ƙwarewa), cibiyoyin gyara da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Ƙwarewar ilimin motsa jiki a Amurka ta faru ne a shekarar 1974, inda aka kafa Sashen Ƙashi na APTA ga waɗannan masu ilimin motsa jiki waɗanda suka ƙware a fannin ƙashi. A wannan shekarar, aka kafa [[International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists|Ƙungiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Masu Ilimin motsa jiki ta ƙashi]], <ref name="IFOMPT_history">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=History: Abridged version of IFOMPT History |url=http://www.ifompt.com/About+IFOMPT/History.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713003655/http://www.ifompt.com/About+IFOMPT/History.html |archive-date=13 July 2011 |access-date=9 January 2011 |publisher=International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT)}}</ref> wanda tun daga lokacin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ci gaba da aikin hannu a duk duniya. Ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta wannan sana'a ita ce Ƙungiyar Duniya ta Kula da Lafiyar Jiki (WCPT). An kafa ta a shekarar 1951 kuma tana aiki da sunan World Physiotherapy tun daga shekarar 2020. <ref name="WP_1/28/2020">{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2020 |title=Name change for global physical therapy body |url=https://world.physio/news/name-change-global-physical-therapy-body |access-date=January 6, 2024 |website=[[World Physiotherapy]]}}</ref> <ref name="WP_6/30/2020">{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2020 |title=New brand and website for global physiotherapy body |url=https://world.physio/news/new-brand-and-website-global-physiotherapy-body |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=[[World Physiotherapy]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>Ka'idojin ilimi ga masu ba da maganin motsa jiki sun bambanta daga jiha zuwa jiha, ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, kuma daga cikin matakai daban-daban na alhakin ƙwararru. Duk jihohin Amurka suna da ayyukan aikin motsa jiki waɗanda ke gane masu ilimin motsa jiki (PTs) da mataimakan masu ilimin motsa jiki (PTAs) kuma wasu yankuna suna kuma gane masu fasahar motsa jiki (PT techs) ko mataimakan. Yawancin ƙasashe suna da hukumomin ba da lasisi waɗanda masu ilimin motsa jiki dole ne su zama membobi kafin su fara aiki a matsayin ƙwararru masu zaman kansu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Kanada === Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Kanada (CAPR) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home – Canadian Alliance of Physiotherapy Regulators |url=https://alliancept.org/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=alliancept.org |language=en-CA}}</ref> tana ba wa waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri na farko damar neman Jarrabawar Ƙwarewar Lafiyar Jiki ta ƙasa (PCE). Cika PCE yana ɗaya daga cikin buƙatun da ake buƙata a yawancin larduna da yankuna don yin aiki a matsayin likitan motsa jiki mai lasisi a Kanada. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Career Centre – Canadian Physiotherapy Association |url=http://physiotherapy.ca/About-Physiotherapy/Careers-in-Physiotherapy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518093014/http://physiotherapy.ca/About-Physiotherapy/Careers-in-Physiotherapy |archive-date=18 May 2015 |access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> Membobin CAPR ƙungiyoyi ne na kula da lafiyar jiki da aka amince da su a larduna da yankuna daban-daban: * Gwamnatin Yukon, Ayyukan Masu Amfani <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-26 |title=Check if a physiotherapist is licensed |url=https://yukon.ca/en/check-if-physiotherapist-licensed |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=yukon.ca}}</ref> * Kwalejin Masu Ilimin Jiki na British Columbia <ref>{{Cite web |title=CPTBC – College of Physical Therapists of British Columbia – Inspiring Public Confidence |url=https://cptbc.org/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525170540/https://cptbc.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kwalejin Masana Ilimin Jiki ta Alberta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.cpta.ab.ca/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=College of Physiotherapists of Alberta |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin Masu Ilimin Jiki ta Saskatchewan <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home – SCPT &#124; Saskatchewan College of Physical Therapists |url=https://www.scpt.org/}}</ref> * Kwalejin Masana Ilimin Jiki ta Manitoba <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home – College of Physiotherapists of Manitoba |url=https://manitobaphysio.com/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=manitobaphysio.com |language=en-CA}}</ref> * Kwalejin Masana Ilimin Jiki ta Ontario <ref>{{Cite web |title=College of Physiotherapists of Ontario {{!}} Physiotherapy Ontario |url=https://www.collegept.org/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=College of Physiotherapists of Ontario |language=en}}</ref> * Ordre professionalnel de la physiotherapie du Québec <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://oppq.qc.ca/en/home/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=OPPQ |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin Likitocin Jiki na New Brunswick/College des physiothérapeutes du Nouveau-Brunswick <ref>{{Cite web |title=College of Physiotherapists of New Brunswick – Responsive Medical Health WordPress Theme |url=https://cptnb.ca/language/en/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |language=en-CA}}</ref> * Kwalejin Likitocin Jiki ta Nova Scotia <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nova Scotia College of Physiotherapists – Nova Scotia College of Physiotherapists |url=https://nsphysio.com/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=nsphysio.com}}</ref> * Kwalejin Masana Ilimin Jiki ta Prince Edward Island <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome |url=https://www.peicpt.com/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=PEI College of Physiotherapy |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin Likitocin Jiki ta Newfoundland da Labrador <ref>{{Cite web |title=about_us.php |url=https://physiotherapy.ca/newfoundlandlabrador-physiotherapy-association/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921000728/https://physiotherapy.ca/newfoundlandlabrador-physiotherapy-association/ |archive-date=21 September 2017}}</ref> Ana bayar da shirye-shiryen motsa jiki a jami'o'i goma sha biyar, galibi ta hanyar kwalejin likitanci ta jami'ar. Kowace makaranta ta fannin motsa jiki ta Kanada ta sauya daga shirye-shiryen digiri na uku a fannin ilimin motsa jiki (BScPT) waɗanda ke buƙatar shekaru biyu na darussan jami'a na farko (digiri na farko na shekaru biyar) zuwa shirye-shiryen digiri na biyu na ilimin motsa jiki (MPT) waɗanda ke buƙatar digiri na farko na farko. Jami'ar Kanada ta ƙarshe da ta biyo baya ita ce Jami'ar Manitoba, wacce ta koma shirin MPT a shekarar 2012, wanda ya sanya takardar shaidar MPT ta zama sabuwar hanyar shiga aiki a duk faɗin Kanada. Ba a buƙatar masu aikin da ke da takardar shaidar BScPT su haɓaka cancantarsu ba. A lardin Quebec, ana buƙatar masu son yin aikin tiyatar jiki su kammala difloma ta kwaleji a fannin kimiyyar lafiya, wadda ke ɗaukar matsakaicin shekaru biyu, ko kuma fasahar gyaran jiki, wadda ke ɗaukar akalla shekaru uku, don neman shiga shirin motsa jiki ko shiri a jami'a. Bayan shiga, ɗaliban da ke yin aikin tiyatar jiki suna aiki a kan digiri na farko a fannin kimiyya tare da babban digiri a fannin gyaran jiki da gyaran jiki. BSc yawanci yana buƙatar shekaru uku kafin a kammala. Sannan ɗalibai dole ne su shiga makarantar digiri na biyu don kammala digiri na biyu a fannin gyaran jiki, wanda yawanci yana buƙatar shekaru ɗaya da rabi zuwa biyu na karatu. Waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri na biyu waɗanda suka sami digiri na biyu dole ne su ci jarrabawar zama memba cikin nasara don zama membobin ''Ordre Professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec'' (PPQ). Masu ilimin motsa jiki za su iya ci gaba da karatunsu a fannoni na musamman kamar kimiyyar gyaran jiki, likitancin wasanni, kinesiology, da kuma ilimin halittar jiki. Quebec ta rarraba masu ilimin gyaran jiki a matsayin kwararrun likitocin da ke kula da lafiyar jiki waɗanda ake buƙatar kammala shirin difloma na kwaleji na shekaru huɗu a fannin gyaran jiki kuma su zama membobin ''Ordre Professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec'' (OPPQ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accueil |url=https://oppq.qc.ca/ |website=OPPQ}}</ref> don yin aiki bisa doka a ƙasar a cewar ƙwararre De Van Gerard. Yawancin masu ilimin gyaran jiki suna kammala difloma a kwaleji a Collège Montmorency, Dawson College, ko Cégep Marie-Victorin, duk suna cikin yankin [[Montréal|Montreal]] da kewaye. Bayan kammala karatunsu na kwaleji na fasaha, waɗanda suka kammala karatun suna da damar ci gaba da karatunsu a matakin jami'a don wataƙila su sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin motsa jiki, kinesiology, kimiyyar motsa jiki, ko ilimin motsa jiki . Jami'ar Montréal, Jami'ar Laval da Jami'ar Sherbrooke suna cikin jami'o'in Québécois waɗanda ke shigar da masu ilimin gyaran jiki zuwa shirye-shiryen karatu da suka shafi kimiyyar lafiya da gyaran jiki don darussan bashi da aka kammala a kwaleji . Zuwa yanzu, babu shirye-shiryen haɗin gwiwa da ake da su don sauƙaƙe haɓakawa daga BScPT zuwa takardar shaidar MPT. Duk da haka, ana samun shirye-shiryen digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyya (MSc) da digiri na uku a fannin falsafa (PhD) a kowace jami'a. Baya ga binciken ilimi, masu aiki za su iya haɓaka ƙwarewarsu da cancantarsu ta hanyar ci gaba da darussa da manhajoji na ilimi. Ci gaba da ilimi buƙatu ne na hukumomin kula da larduna. Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Kanada tana ba da manhajar koyar da ci gaba da koyarwa a fannin kula da ƙashi da kuma kula da hannu. Shirin ya ƙunshi matakai 5 (darussa 7) na horo tare da ci gaba da jagoranci da kimantawa a kowane mataki. Manhajar koyar da ƙashi da jarrabawa tana ɗaukar aƙalla shekaru 4 kafin a kammala. Duk da haka, bayan kammala mataki na 2, masu ilimin motsa jiki za su iya neman shiga wani shiri na musamman na digiri na biyu wanda ya dogara da kwas na shekara 1 a fannin kula da ƙashi da kuma kula da hannu a Jami'ar Western Ontario don kammala horonsu. Wannan shirin yana karɓar masu ilimin motsa jiki 16 kawai a kowace shekara tun daga 2007. Kammala karatun da aka yi cikin nasara a ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin ilimi da jarrabawarsu yana ba wa masu ilimin motsa jiki damar yin rajista a Kwalejin Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Kanada (CAMPT) don samun haɗin gwiwa. Ana ɗaukar membobin Kwalejin Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Kanada (FCAMPT) a matsayin jagora a fagen, suna da ilimi mai zurfi bayan kammala karatun digiri a fannin kula da ƙashi da kuma kula da hannu. FCAMPT takardar shaida ce da aka amince da ita a duniya baki ɗaya, domin CAMPT memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Masu Jinya da Gyaran Jiki ta Duniya (IFOMPT), wani reshe na Ƙungiyar Jinya ta Duniya (wadda a da ake kira Ƙungiyar Jinya ta Duniya (WCPT)) da kuma Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO). === Scotland === Ana bayar da digirin ilimin motsa jiki a jami'o'i huɗu: Jami'ar Edinburgh Napier da ke Edinburgh, Jami'ar Robert Gordon da ke Aberdeen, Jami'ar Caledonian da ke Glasgow, da Jami'ar Sarauniya Margaret da ke Edinburgh. Dalibai za su iya cancanta a matsayin masu ilimin motsa jiki ta hanyar kammala digirin farko na kimiyya na shekaru huɗu ko digiri na biyu na biyu (idan sun riga sun sami digiri na farko a wani fanni mai alaƙa). Domin amfani da taken 'Mai ba da shawara kan harkokin motsa jiki', dole ne ɗalibi ya yi rijista da [[Kwamitin Kula da Lafiya da Kulawa|Majalisar Kula da Lafiya da Kulawa]], wata hukuma mai kula da harkokin motsa jiki a faɗin Burtaniya, idan ya cancanta. Yawancin masu ba da shawara kan motsa jiki mambobi ne na Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Chartered (CSP), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scotland {{!}} The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy |url=https://www.csp.org.uk/networks/nations-regions/scotland |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=www.csp.org.uk |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525170540/https://www.csp.org.uk/networks/nations-regions/scotland |archive-date=2024-05-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> wacce ke ba da inshora da tallafi na ƙwararru. === Amurka === Babban likitan da ke kula da lafiyar jiki shine likitan motsa jiki (PT) wanda aka horar kuma aka ba shi lasisi don dubawa, kimantawa, ganowa da sarrafa rauni ko cuta a cikin marasa lafiya ko abokan ciniki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2025 |title=Diagnosis by Physical Therapists |url=https://www.apta.org/apta-and-you/leadership-and-governance/policies/diagnosis-by-physical-therapist |access-date=3 October 2025 |website=www.apta.org}}</ref> Idan aka nuna, masu ilimin motsa jiki suna yin odar gwaje-gwaje/nazari na bincike, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga gwaje-gwajen hoto da dakin gwaje-gwaje ba. Masu ilimin motsa jiki kuma suna iya yin ko fassara zaɓaɓɓun hotuna ko wasu gwaje-gwaje/nazari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2025 |title=Diagnosis by Physical Therapists |url=https://www.apta.org/apta-and-you/leadership-and-governance/policies/diagnosis-by-physical-therapist |access-date=3 October 2025 |website=www.apta.org}}</ref> Manhajojin ilimin ilimin motsa jiki a Amurka sun kai ga digirin Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT), <ref name="2011PTed">{{Cite web |date=16 August 2011 |title=2010–2011 Fact Sheet: Physical Therapist Education Programs |url=http://www.capteonline.org/uploadedFiles/CAPTEorg/About_CAPTE/Resources/Aggregate_Program_Data/AggregateProgramData_PTPrograms.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823100415/http://www.capteonline.org/uploadedFiles/CAPTEorg/About_CAPTE/Resources/Aggregate_Program_Data/AggregateProgramData_PTPrograms.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2020 |access-date=28 February 2012 |publisher=American Physical Therapy Association}}</ref> tare da wasu PT masu aiki suna da digirin Master of Physical Therapy, wasu kuma suna da digirin Bachelor. Ba a sake bayar da digirin Master of Physical Therapy da Master of Science a Physical Therapy ba, kuma digirin matakin shiga shine digirin Doctor of Physical Therapy, wanda yawanci yana ɗaukar shekaru 3 bayan kammala digirin farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Physical Therapist (PT) Education Overview |url=http://www.apta.org/PTEducation/Overview/ |access-date=15 February 2016 |website=www.apta.org}}</ref> Ana ƙarfafa PT waɗanda ke da digirin Master ko digirin farko a PT su sami DPT ɗinsu saboda burin APTA shine duk PT su kasance a matakin digiri na uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-12 |title=Master's of Physical Therapy (MPT) vs. Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) Degree |url=http://www.exercise-science-guide.com/blog/masters-physical-therapy-vs-doctorate-physical-therapy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223044518/http://www.exercise-science-guide.com/blog/masters-physical-therapy-vs-doctorate-physical-therapy/ |archive-date=23 February 2016 |access-date=15 February 2016 |website=Exercise Science Guide |language=en-US}}</ref> Hukumar Kula da Ilimin Jinya ta Jiki (CAPTE) ta amince da shirye-shiryen DPT a Amurka. A cewar CAPTE, {{As of|2025}} Akwai ɗalibai 39,448 da suka yi rajista a shirye-shiryen PT guda 322 da aka amince da su a Amurka yayin da ɗaliban PTA guda 10,077 ke shiga shirye-shiryen PTA guda 390 a Amurka. <ref name="By The Numbers: Accredited and Candidacy Programs">{{Cite web |year=2025 |title=By The Numbers |url=https://www.capteonline.org/ |access-date=4 October 2025 |publisher=Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education}}</ref> Manhajar kwararrun masu ilimin motsa jiki ta ƙunshi abubuwan da ke cikin kimiyyar asibiti (misali, abubuwan da ke ciki game da tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, huhu, endocrine, metabolism, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, integumentary, musculoskeletal, da neuromuscular da kuma yanayin likita da tiyata da masu ilimin motsa jiki ke yawan gani). Horarwa ta yanzu an yi ta ne musamman don baiwa masu ilimin motsa jiki damar gane da kuma tura cututtukan da ba na tsoka ba waɗanda za su iya kasancewa iri ɗaya da waɗanda tsarin da ba su dace da maganin motsa jiki ke haifarwa, wanda ya haifar da samun damar kai tsaye ga masu ilimin motsa jiki a jihohi da yawa. <ref name="FSBPT Direct Access Guide">{{Cite web |title=Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy Jurisdiction Licensure Reference Guide Topic: Direct Access Language |url=https://www.fsbpt.org/Portals/0/documents/free-resources/JLRG_DirectAccessLawsAndRegs_201510.pdf |access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref> Yawan zama bayan digirin digirgir da kuma ilimin zumunci yana ƙaruwa akai-akai tare da amincewa da shirye-shiryen zama 219 da shirye-shiryen zumunci 42 a shekarar 2016. Makarantun suna da nufin horar da masu ilimin motsa jiki a fannoni daban-daban kamar kula da lafiya mai tsanani, cututtukan zuciya da [[huhu]], ilimin lantarki na asibiti, malamai, ilimin [[Magungunan tsofaffi|tsofaffi]], ilimin jijiyoyi, ilimin ƙashi, ilimin yara, wasanni, [[Lafiyar Mata|lafiyar mata]], da kula da rauni, yayin da makarantu ke horar da ƙwararru a wani fanni na musamman (misali kulawa mai tsanani, maganin hannu, da wasanni na sashe na 1 ), kamar tsarin likitanci. Shirye-shiryen zama suna ba da damar zama don samun takardar shaidar ƙwararru a fannin aikinsu. Misali, kammala zama a fannin motsa jiki na ƙashi yana ba wa waɗanda suka kammala karatun damar yin rajista da zama don gwajin ƙwararrun likitoci a fannin ƙashi, cimma nasarar tantancewa ta OCS bayan cin jarrabawar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Benefits of Attending a Physical Therapy Residency Programs |url=http://www.abptrfe.org/Residency/About/Benefits/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023233256/http://www.abptrfe.org/Residency/About/Benefits/ |archive-date=23 October 2014 |access-date=7 August 2016 |website=American Board of Physical Therapy Residency and Fellowship Education}}</ref> Takaddun shaida na hukumar ƙwararrun likitocin motsa jiki yana da nufin gane mutanen da ke da ilimin asibiti da horo na ƙwarewa a fannin aikinsu, kuma yana misalta yanayin zuwa ga ilimi mafi girma don kula da mutanen da ke da matsalar motsi yadda ya kamata. <ref name="ABPTS Website">{{Cite web |title=ABPTS homepage |url=http://www.abpts.org/home.aspx/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423162000/http://www.abpts.org/home.aspx |archive-date=23 April 2011 |access-date=7 August 2016 |website=American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties}}</ref> Mataimakan masu ilimin motsa jiki na iya bayar da magani da kuma hanyoyin motsa jiki ga marasa lafiya da abokan ciniki a ƙarƙashin tsarin kulawa da aka kafa ta kuma ƙarƙashin kulawar mai ilimin motsa jiki. Mataimakan masu ilimin motsa jiki a Amurka a halin yanzu ana horar da su a ƙarƙashin manhajojin ilimin da aka yi amfani da su musamman ga sana'ar, kamar yadda CAPTE ta bayyana kuma ta amince da su. Ya zuwa Disamba 2022, akwai shirye-shirye 396 na shekaru biyu ( mataimakan masu ilimin motsa jiki ) waɗanda aka amince da su don mataimakan masu ilimin motsa jiki a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2023 |title=Aggregate Program Data 2021 Physical Therapist Assistant Education Programs Fact Sheets |url=https://www.capteonline.org/globalassets/capte-docs/aggregate-data/2021-2022-aggregate-pta-program-and-salary-data.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403124612/https://www.capteonline.org/globalassets/capte-docs/aggregate-data/2021-2022-aggregate-pta-program-and-salary-data.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2023 |access-date=18 April 2023 |publisher=American Physical Therapy Association}}</ref> == Aiki == Ayyukan da suka shafi aikin motsa jiki a Arewacin Amurka sun nuna ci gaba cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, amma ƙimar aiki da matsakaicin albashi na iya bambanta sosai tsakanin ƙasashe daban-daban, jihohi, larduna, ko yankuna. Wani bincike daga 2013 ya bayyana cewa kashi 56.4% na masu ilimin motsa jiki sun gamsu da ayyukansu a duk duniya. <ref name="Gupta">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gupta N |year=2013 |title=Predictors of job satisfaction among physiotherapy professionals |journal=Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=146–151 |doi=10.5958/j.0973-5674.7.3.082 |id={{ProQuest|1464664057}} |doi-access=free}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Albashi, sha'awar aiki, da gamsuwa a cikin aiki sune mahimman abubuwan da ke nuna gamsuwar aiki. <ref name="Gupta" /> A cikin wani bincike na Poland, gajiyar aiki tsakanin masu ilimin motsa jiki ya bayyana ta hanyar ƙaruwar gajiyar motsin rai da raguwar jin daɗin cimma burin mutum. <ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Pustułka-Piwnik U, Ryn ZJ, Krzywoszański Ł, Stożek J |date=17 November 2014 |title=Burnout syndrome in physical therapists – demographic and organizational factors |journal=Medycyna Pracy |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=453–62 |doi=10.13075/mp.5893.00038 |pmid=25643484 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gajiyawar motsin rai ta fi yawa a tsakanin masu ilimin motsa jiki waɗanda ke aiki tare da manya kuma suna aiki a asibitoci. Sauran abubuwan da ke ƙara gajiya sun haɗa da aiki a asibiti da samun matsayi daga shekaru 15 zuwa 19. <ref name="auto" /> === Amurka === A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka, akwai kimanin masu ilimin motsa jiki 267,200 da aka yi aiki a Amurka a shekarar 2024, suna samun matsakaicin dala $101,020 a kowace shekara a shekarar 2024, ko dala $48.57 a kowace awa, tare da hasashen karuwar kashi 11% a aikin yi nan da shekarar 2034. <ref name="BLSPT">{{Cite web |date=17 December 2015 |title=Physical Therapists |url=http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Physical-therapists.htm |access-date=4 April 2017 |website=Occupational Outlook Handbook |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics}}</ref> Ofishin Kididdiga na Ma'aikata ya kuma bayar da rahoton cewa akwai kimanin mataimakan masu ilimin motsa jiki 128,700 da aka yi aiki a Amurka a shekarar 2014, suna samun matsakaicin dala $42,980 a kowace shekara, ko dala $20.66 a kowace awa, tare da hasashen karuwar kashi 40% a aikin yi nan da shekarar 2024. Don biyan bukatunsu, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na motsa jiki da yawa suna daukar "masu ilimin motsa jiki na tafiya", wadanda ke aiki na wucin gadi tsakanin makonni 8 zuwa 26 don samun karin albashi; kimanin dala $113,500 a kowace shekara." <ref name="BLSPTA">{{Cite web |date=17 December 2015 |title=Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides |url=http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Physical-therapist-assistants-and-aides.htm |access-date=4 April 2017 |website=Occupational Outlook Handbook |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics}}</ref> Bayanan kididdiga na Ofishin Ma'aikata kan PTAs da fasaha na iya zama da wahala a fayyace su, saboda yadda suke bayar da rahoton bayanai kan waɗannan fannoni na aiki tare maimakon a ware su daban. O-Net ta ba da rahoton cewa a cikin 2015, PTAs a Amurka sun sami matsakaicin albashi na $55,170 kowace shekara ko $26.52 a kowace awa kuma mataimaka/masu fasaha sun sami matsakaicin albashi na $25,120 kowace shekara ko $12.08 a kowace awa a cikin 2015. <ref name="ONETTech">{{Cite web |year=2016–2017 |title=Summary Report for 31-2022.00 – Physical Therapist Aides |url=http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/31-2022.00 |access-date=4 April 2017 |publisher=O-Net Online}}</ref> <ref name="ONETPTA">{{Cite web |year=2016–17 |title=Summary Report for 31-2021.00 – Physical Therapist Assistants |url=http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/31-2021.00 |access-date=4 April 2017 |publisher=O-Net Online}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Amurka ta ba da rahoton ƙimar guraben aiki ga masu ilimin motsa jiki kamar 11.2% a cikin asibitoci masu zaman kansu na marasa lafiya, 10% a wuraren kulawa mai tsanani, da 12.1% a cikin wuraren jinya masu ƙwarewa. APTA ta kuma ba da rahoton ƙimar juzu'i ga masu ilimin motsa jiki kamar 10.7% a cikin asibitoci masu zaman kansu na marasa lafiya, 11.9% a wuraren kulawa mai tsanani, 27.6% a cikin wuraren jinya masu ƙwarewa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2010 |title=Physical Therapy Vacancy and Turnover Rates in Outpatient Private Practice |url=http://www.apta.org/WorkforceData/VacancyTurnoverRate/OutpatientPrivatePractice/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611205712/http://www.apta.org/WorkforceData/VacancyTurnoverRate/OutpatientPrivatePractice/ |archive-date=11 June 2016 |access-date=4 April 2017 |website=www.apta.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2010 |title=Physical Therapy Vacancy and Turnover Rates in Acute Care Hospitals |url=http://www.apta.org/WorkforceData/VacancyTurnoverRate/AcuteCare/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611205418/http://www.apta.org/WorkforceData/VacancyTurnoverRate/AcuteCare/ |archive-date=11 June 2016 |access-date=4 April 2017 |website=www.apta.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2011 |title=Physical Therapy Vacancy and Turnover Rates in Skilled Nursing Facilities |url=http://www.apta.org/WorkforceData/VacancyTurnoverRate/SNFs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611205717/http://www.apta.org/WorkforceData/VacancyTurnoverRate/SNFs/ |archive-date=11 June 2016 |access-date=4 April 2017 |website=www.apta.org}}</ref> Ma'anoni da buƙatun lasisi a Amurka sun bambanta tsakanin yankuna, kamar yadda kowace jiha ta zartar da dokar aikin tiyatar jiki da ke bayyana sana'ar a cikin ikonta, amma Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Jiha <ref>{{Cite web |title=Model Practice Act &#124; FSBPT |url=https://www.fsbpt.org/Free-Resources/Regulatory-Resources/Model-Practice-Act}}</ref> ta kuma tsara wani tsari don iyakance wannan bambancin. Hukumar Kula da Ingantaccen Ilimi a Ilimin Jinya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education |url=https://www.capteonline.org/ |website=Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education}}</ref> (CAPTE) ce ke da alhakin amincewa da manhajojin ilimin motsa jiki a duk faɗin Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.capteonline.org/about-capte/who-we-are |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education |language=en}}</ref> === Ƙasar Ingila === == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Sister project links}} * Turai: [https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/regprof/index.cfm?action=regprof&id_regprof=1180 Bayanan sana'o'i masu tsari] - Masanin ilimin motsa jiki, Hukumar Turai {{Physical exercise}}{{Physical therapy and rehabilitation|state=expanded}}{{Disability navbox}}<templatestyles src="Module:Portal bar/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mlrjl8jxscloqtqnhl1eqr5hdc5f8p3 0 156963 975500 970784 2026-11-03T08:51:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox medical intervention|Name=Physical therapy / physiotherapy|Image=Physical Therapists at work.jpg|Caption=Military physical therapists working with patients on balance problems, [[orthopedic]]s, [[amputee|amputation]], and examining the patient's [[muscle strength|strength]], flexibility, joint range of motion, and gait.|ICD10=|ICD9={{ICD9proc|93.0}}-{{ICD9proc|93.3}}|MeshID=D026761|OPS301=|OtherCodes=}}<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /> Sana'ar tana da fannoni da yawa da suka haɗa da [[Tsarin tsokoki da ƙashi na mutum|musculoskeletal]], orthopedics, cardiopulmonary, neurology, endocrinology, sports medicine, [[Magungunan tsofaffi|geriatrics]], pediatrics, pediatrics, [[Lafiyar Mata|health of women]], care pain and electromyography . PTs suna yin aiki a wurare da yawa, na gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu. <ref name="APTA_1/17/2008">{{Cite web |last=American Physical Therapy Association |date=17 January 2008 |title=APTA Background Sheet 2008 |url=http://www.apta.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Physical_Therapy&TEMPLATE=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=33205 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529180223/http://www.apta.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Physical_Therapy&TEMPLATE=%2FCM%2FHTMLDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=33205 |archive-date=29 May 2008 |access-date=29 May 2008 |publisher=American Physical Therapy Association}}</ref> Baya ga aikin asibiti, wasu fannoni na aikin motsa jiki sun haɗa da bincike, ilimi, shawarwari, da kuma [[Gudanar da kiwon lafiya|kula da lafiya]] . Masu ilimin motsa jiki suna ba da [[Kulawa na farko|kulawar farko]] ga marasa lafiya tare da sauran ayyukan likita. A wasu yankuna, kamar Burtaniya, masu ilimin motsa jiki na iya samun ikon rubuta magani.   == Bayani == Gyaran jiki yana magance cututtuka ko raunuka da ke iyakance ikon mutum na motsawa da yin ayyukan da suka dace a rayuwarsa ta yau da kullun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Occupational Outlook Handbook – Physical Therapists |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physical-therapists.htm |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=bls.gov}}</ref> Likitocin PT suna amfani da [[Tarihin kiwon lafiya|tarihin]] mutum da gwajin jiki don isa ga ganewar asali da kuma kafa tsarin gudanarwa, kuma idan ya cancanta, suna haɗa sakamakon nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje da hotuna kamar X-ray, CT scans, ko MRIs. Masu ilimin motsa jiki na iya amfani da sonography don gano da kuma sarrafa yanayin tsoka, jijiyoyi, da huhu na yau da kullun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Diagnostic and procedural imaging in physical therapist practice |url=https://www.orthopt.org/uploads/content_files/files/DxProcImagPhysTherPractice_FINAL%281%29.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028101158/https://www.orthopt.org/uploads/content_files/files/DxProcImagPhysTherPractice_FINAL%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2021-10-28}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vieira |first=Rui |last2=Segura-Grau |first2=Elena |last3=Magalhães |first3=Juliana |last4=dos Santos |first4=Joseph |last5=Patrão |first5=Luís |date=September 2020 |title=Lung ultrasound as a tool to guide respiratory physiotherapy |journal=Journal of Clinical Ultrasound |volume=48 |issue=7 |pages=431–434 |doi=10.1002/jcu.22860 |pmid=32497252}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Certification – RMSK |url=https://www.apca.org/certifications-examinations/Registered-in-Musculoskeletal-Sonography/ |access-date=2026-06-12 |archive-date=2024-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418073721/https://www.apca.org/certifications-examinations/Registered-in-Musculoskeletal-Sonography/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana iya amfani da gwajin ganewar asali na lantarki (misali, gwajin electromyograms da gwajin saurin sarrafa jijiyoyi). <ref name="evalGuidelinesAPTA">{{Cite web |last=American Physical Therapy Association Section on Clinical Electrophysiology and Wound Management |title=Curriculum Content Guidelines for Electrophysiologic Evaluation |url=http://www.aptasce-wm.org/documents/guidelines/ENMG%20EvaluationGuidelines.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904055829/http://www.aptasce-wm.org/documents/guidelines/ENMG%20EvaluationGuidelines.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2011 |access-date=29 May 2008 |website=Educational Guidelines |publisher=American Physical Therapy Association}}</ref> ''Gudanar da'' PT yawanci ya haɗa da rubutaccen magani, ko taimako tare da, motsa jiki na musamman, maganin hannu, da kuma sarrafa jiki. Ƙarin jiyya sun haɗa da na'urorin injiniya kamar jan hankali; ilimi; hanyoyin lantarki waɗanda suka haɗa da zafi, sanyi, wutar lantarki, raƙuman sauti, da radiation; na'urorin taimako; prostheses; da orthoses . Bugu da ƙari, PTs suna aiki tare da mutane don hana asarar motsi kafin ya faru ta hanyar haɓaka shirye-shiryen motsa jiki da lafiya don rayuwa mai lafiya da aiki, da kuma samar da ayyuka ga mutane da al'ummomi don haɓaka, kiyayewa, da dawo da matsakaicin motsi da ƙarfin aiki a duk tsawon rayuwa. Wannan ya haɗa da samar da magani a cikin yanayi inda motsi da aiki ke fuskantar barazana daga tsufa, rauni, cuta, ko abubuwan muhalli. Motsin aiki yana da mahimmanci ga abin da ake nufi da zama [[lafiya]] . Jinyar motsa jiki sana'a ce da ke da fannoni da yawa ciki har da [[Tsarin tsokoki da ƙashi na mutum|musculoskeletal]], orthopedics, zuciya da huhu, ilimin jijiyoyi, ilimin endocrinology, likitancin wasanni, [[Magungunan tsofaffi|ilimin tsofaffi]], ilimin yara, [[Lafiyar Mata|lafiyar mata]], kula da rauni da kuma electromyography . Likitocin PT suna aiki a wurare da yawa, kamar asibitoci masu zaman kansu, asibitoci ko ofisoshi na waje, asibitoci, asibitoci na lafiya da walwala, asibitoci na gyara, wuraren jinya masu ƙwarewa, wuraren kulawa na dogon lokaci, gidaje masu zaman kansu, cibiyoyin ilimi da bincike, makarantu, asibitoci, wuraren aiki na masana'antu ko wasu wurare na aiki, cibiyoyin motsa jiki da wuraren horar da wasanni . <ref name="APTA_1/17/2008"/> Masu ilimin motsa jiki kuma suna aiki a cikin ayyukan kula da marasa lafiya kamar manufofin lafiya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Health policy implications for patient education in physical therapy |url=https://www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324161029/http://www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/ |archive-date=24 March 2011}}</ref> <ref>Initiatives in Rehabilitation Research, {{Cite web |title=Physical Therapy &#124; Oxford Academic |url=http://ptjournal.apta.org/cgi/content/full/86/1/141 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130223105653/http://ptjournal.apta.org/cgi/content/full/86/1/141 |archive-date=23 February 2013 |access-date=2010-09-12}}</ref> inshorar lafiya, gudanar da harkokin kiwon lafiya, da kuma a matsayin shugabannin kula da lafiya. Masu ilimin motsa jiki suna da hannu a fannin likitanci-doka suna aiki a matsayin ƙwararru, suna yin bita na takwarorinsu da kuma gwaje-gwajen likita masu zaman kansu . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ORTIZ vs. EXAMWORKS, INC., 470 Mass. 784 |url=http://masscases.com/cases/sjc/470/470mass784.html}}</ref> Ilimi ya bambanta sosai daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Tsawon lokacin ilimi ya kama daga wasu ƙasashe waɗanda ba su da ilimi na yau da kullun zuwa wasu kuma waɗanda ke da digirin digirgir da kuma wuraren zama na bayan digirin digirgir da kuma guraben karo ilimi. <ref name="Jesus_2016">{{Cite journal |last=Jesus |first=Tiago S. |last2=Koh |first2=Gerald |last3=Landry |first3=Michel |last4=Ong |first4=Peck-Hoon |last5=Lopes |first5=Antonio |last6=Green |first6=Peter L. |last7=Hoenig |first7=Helen |date=October 2016 |title=Finding the "Right-Size" Physical Therapy Workforce: International Perspective Across 4 Countries |journal=Physical Therapy |volume=96 |issue=10 |pages=1597–1609 |doi=10.2522/ptj.20160014 |pmid=27149960 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dangane da alaƙarta da sauran sana'o'in kiwon lafiya, ilimin motsa jiki yawanci ɗaya ne daga cikin sana'o'in kiwon lafiya da ke da alaƙa . <ref name="ASAHP_def">{{Cite web |title=What is Allied Health? |url=http://www.asahp.org/what-is/ |access-date=10 March 2020 |publisher=Association of Schools of Allied Health Professionals}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Allied Health (Paramedical) Services and Education |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/204786/B3429.pdf}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Allied Health Professionals |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/allied-health-professionals}}</ref> World Physiotherapy ta sanya hannu kan "takardar fahimtar juna" tare da sauran membobi huɗu na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Lafiya ta Duniya "don haɓaka haɗin gwiwarsu kan karewa da saka hannun jari a cikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya don samar da kulawa mai aminci, inganci da adalci a kowane fanni". <ref name="WHO_11/7/2022">{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2022 |title=WHO, members of the World Health Professions Alliance sign new memorandum of understanding on health workforce priorities |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/07-11-2022-WHO_WHPA_MOU |access-date=January 13, 2024 |website=[[World Health Organization]]}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Exercise_to_shoulder_and_elbow_to_increase_motion_following_fracture_and_dislocation_of_humerus_is_being_given_by_an..._-_NARA_-_522885.tiff|right|thumb|300x300px|Ana ba wa wani majiyyaci soja motsa jiki ta kafada da gwiwar hannu don ƙara motsi bayan karyewar ƙashi da kuma yankewar ƙashin humerus .]] Ana kyautata zaton likitoci kamar Hippocrates da Galen daga baya su ne likitoci na farko da suka fara yin aikin motsa jiki, suna ba da shawarar tausa, dabarun gyaran hannu da kuma maganin ruwa don magance mutane a shekarar 460.&nbsp;BC. A cikin littafin "De Arte Gymnastica" (Fasaha ta Gymnastics, wanda aka buga a 1569), likitan Italiya Hieronymus Mercurialis (1530–1606) ya gabatar da kalmar "gymnastics na likitanci," yana nuna ɗaya daga cikin ma'anonin "gymnastics" a matsayin kayan aikin gyara ga marasa lafiya na kowane zamani. Masanin ilimin halittar jiki kuma masanin lissafi ɗan ƙasar Italiya Alfonso Borelli (1608–1679) ya sami sakamako mai mahimmanci a fannin [[Biomechanics|kimiyyar halittu]] na dabbobi da na ɗan adam. Littafinsa mai suna "De Motu Animalium" (Akan Motsi na Dabbobi), wanda aka buga a shekarar 1680, jim kaɗan bayan rasuwarsa, ya samar da tsarin aiki don fahimtar yanayin motsi na marasa lafiya da nakasassu. A ƙarni na 18, likitan Faransa Nicolas Andry de Bois-Regard (1658–1742) ya kafa ingantacciyar alaƙa tsakanin lafiyar na'urorin tsoka da motsa jiki, kuma a cikin littafinsa "Traité d'orthopédie" (Treatise on Orthopedics, 1741), ya gabatar da sabon kalmar "orthopedics". Bayan Nicolas Andry de Bois-Regard, wannan ilimin ya zama ginshiƙi don fahimtar motsa jiki daidai a cikin gyaran jiki. Bayan haɓaka na'urorin ƙafafu a ƙarni na 18, an ƙirƙiri injuna kamar Gymnasticon don magance [[gout]] da cututtuka makamantan su ta hanyar motsa jiki na haɗin gwiwa, kama da ci gaban da aka samu daga baya a cikin aikin motsa jiki. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bakewell S |date=October 1997 |title=Medical gymnastics and the Cyriax collection |journal=Medical History |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=487–95 |doi=10.1017/s0025727300063067 |pmc=1043941 |pmid=9536620}}</ref> Asalin farko da aka rubuta na ainihin maganin motsa jiki a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwararru ya samo asali ne daga Per Henrik Ling, "Uban Gymnastics na Sweden," wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Royal Central of Gymnastics (RCIG) a 1813 don yin amfani da haɗin gwiwa da motsa jiki. Har zuwa 2014, kalmar Sweden don mai ilimin motsa jiki shine ''sjukgymnast'', ko kuma wani wanda ke da hannu a cikin motsa jiki ga waɗanda ke rashin lafiya, amma daga baya aka canza sunan zuwa ''fysioterapeut'' (mai ilimin motsa jiki), kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita a sauran ƙasashen Scandinavia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fysioterapeut – nytt name på yet suk gymnast sedan 2014 |url=https://www.fysioterapeuterna.se/Profession/Om-professionen/Fysioterapeut--ny-skyddad-yrkestitel-for-sjukgymnaster/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828233655/https://www.fysioterapeuterna.se/Profession/Om-professionen/Fysioterapeut--ny-skyddad-yrkestitel-for-sjukgymnaster/ |archive-date=28 August 2016 |access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref> A 1887, Hukumar Lafiya da Jin Daɗi ta Ƙasa ta Sweden ta ba wa PTs rajista a hukumance. Sauran ƙasashe ba da daɗewa ba suka biyo baya. A 1894, ma'aikatan jinya huɗu a Burtaniya sun kafa Chartered Society of Physiotherapy . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chartered Society of Physiotherapy |title=History of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy |url=http://www.csp.org.uk/director/about/thecsp/history.cfm |access-date=29 May 2008 |publisher=Chartered Society of Physiotherapy}}</ref> Sauran ƙungiyoyin farko na masu ilimin motsa jiki sun haɗa da Makarantar Ilimin Jiki a Jami'ar Otago da ke New Zealand a 1913, <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2007 |title=History of the School of Physiotherapy |url=http://physio.Otago.ac.NZ/about/history.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224020426/http://physio.otago.ac.nz/about/history.asp |archive-date=24 December 2007 |access-date=29 May 2008 |website=School of Physiotherapy Centre for Physiotherapy Research |publisher=University of Otago}}</ref> da Kwalejin Reed ta Amurka a 1914 a Portland, Oregon, wacce ta kammala karatun "masu taimakawa wajen sake ginawa." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reed College |title=Mission and History |url=http://www.reed.edu/about_reed/history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920160729/https://www.reed.edu/about_reed/history.html |archive-date=20 September 2018 |access-date=29 May 2008 |website=About Reed |publisher=Reed College}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka fara wannan sana'a, maganin rage radadi na kashin baya ya kasance babban ɓangare na aikin motsa jiki. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bialosky JE, Simon CB, Bishop MD, George SZ |date=October 2012 |title=Basis for spinal manipulative therapy: a physical therapist perspective |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-electromyography-and-kinesiology_2012-10_22_5/page/643 |journal=Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=643–7 |doi=10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.11.014 |pmc=3461123 |pmid=22197083}}</ref> An kafa tsarin motsa jiki na zamani a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 saboda abubuwan da suka shafi lafiyar jiki a duniya, wanda ya buƙaci ci gaba cikin sauri a fannin motsa jiki. Bayan haka, likitocin ƙashi na Amurka sun fara kula da yara masu nakasa kuma sun ɗauki mata da aka horar a fannin ilimin motsa jiki, da motsa jiki na gyara. An ƙara amfani da waɗannan magungunan kuma an ƙarfafa su a lokacin barkewar cutar shan inna ta 1916. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, an ɗauki mata aiki don su yi aiki tare da kuma dawo da aikin jiki ga sojojin da suka ji rauni, kuma an kafa fannin kula da lafiyar jiki a matsayin cibiyar kula da lafiyar jiki. A shekarar 1918, an yi amfani da kalmar "Mataimakin Sake Ginawa" don nufin mutanen da ke yin aikin kula da lafiyar jiki. An kafa makarantar farko ta kula da lafiyar jiki a Asibitin Sojoji na Walter Reed da ke Washington, DC, bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Missouri Women in the Health Sciences – Health Professions – Development of the Field of Physical Therapy |url=http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mowihsp/health/PTdevel.htm |website=beckerexhibits.wustl.edu |access-date=2026-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716211019/http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mowihsp/health/PTdevel.htm |archive-date=2011-07-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Maganin a cikin shekarun 1940 ya ƙunshi motsa jiki, tausa, da jan hankali . An fara amfani da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su wajen sarrafa kashin baya da haɗin gwiwa na gaɓoɓi, musamman a ƙasashen Commonwealth na Burtaniya, a farkon shekarun 1950. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=McKenzie R |year=2002 |title=Patient Heal Thyself |journal=Worldwide Spine & Rehabilitation |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=16–20}}</ref> A lokacin da aka samar da alluran rigakafin cutar shan inna, kasancewar masu ilimin motsa jiki ya zama ruwan dare a asibitoci a duk faɗin Arewacin Amurka da Turai. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=af Klinteberg M |year=1992 |title=The history and present scope of physical therapy |journal=International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=4–9 |doi=10.1017/s0266462300007856 |pmid=1601592 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, masu ilimin motsa jiki sun fara wuce asibitoci kawai zuwa asibitocin ƙashi na waje, makarantun gwamnati, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na kwaleji/jami'a, wuraren tsofaffi (wuraren jinya masu ƙwarewa), cibiyoyin gyara da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Ƙwarewar ilimin motsa jiki a Amurka ta faru ne a shekarar 1974, inda aka kafa Sashen Ƙashi na APTA ga waɗannan masu ilimin motsa jiki waɗanda suka ƙware a fannin ƙashi. A wannan shekarar, aka kafa [[International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists|Ƙungiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Masu Ilimin motsa jiki ta ƙashi]], <ref name="IFOMPT_history">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=History: Abridged version of IFOMPT History |url=http://www.ifompt.com/About+IFOMPT/History.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713003655/http://www.ifompt.com/About+IFOMPT/History.html |archive-date=13 July 2011 |access-date=9 January 2011 |publisher=International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT)}}</ref> wanda tun daga lokacin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ci gaba da aikin hannu a duk duniya. Ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta wannan sana'a ita ce Ƙungiyar Duniya ta Kula da Lafiyar Jiki (WCPT). An kafa ta a shekarar 1951 kuma tana aiki da sunan World Physiotherapy tun daga shekarar 2020. <ref name="WP_1/28/2020">{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2020 |title=Name change for global physical therapy body |url=https://world.physio/news/name-change-global-physical-therapy-body |access-date=January 6, 2024 |website=[[World Physiotherapy]]}}</ref> <ref name="WP_6/30/2020">{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2020 |title=New brand and website for global physiotherapy body |url=https://world.physio/news/new-brand-and-website-global-physiotherapy-body |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=[[World Physiotherapy]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>Ka'idojin ilimi ga masu ba da maganin motsa jiki sun bambanta daga jiha zuwa jiha, ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, kuma daga cikin matakai daban-daban na alhakin ƙwararru. Duk jihohin Amurka suna da ayyukan aikin motsa jiki waɗanda ke gane masu ilimin motsa jiki (PTs) da mataimakan masu ilimin motsa jiki (PTAs) kuma wasu yankuna suna kuma gane masu fasahar motsa jiki (PT techs) ko mataimakan. Yawancin ƙasashe suna da hukumomin ba da lasisi waɗanda masu ilimin motsa jiki dole ne su zama membobi kafin su fara aiki a matsayin ƙwararru masu zaman kansu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Kanada === Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Kanada (CAPR) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home – Canadian Alliance of Physiotherapy Regulators |url=https://alliancept.org/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=alliancept.org |language=en-CA}}</ref> tana ba wa waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri na farko damar neman Jarrabawar Ƙwarewar Lafiyar Jiki ta ƙasa (PCE). Cika PCE yana ɗaya daga cikin buƙatun da ake buƙata a yawancin larduna da yankuna don yin aiki a matsayin likitan motsa jiki mai lasisi a Kanada. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Career Centre – Canadian Physiotherapy Association |url=http://physiotherapy.ca/About-Physiotherapy/Careers-in-Physiotherapy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518093014/http://physiotherapy.ca/About-Physiotherapy/Careers-in-Physiotherapy |archive-date=18 May 2015 |access-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> Membobin CAPR ƙungiyoyi ne na kula da lafiyar jiki da aka amince da su a larduna da yankuna daban-daban: * Gwamnatin Yukon, Ayyukan Masu Amfani <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-26 |title=Check if a physiotherapist is licensed |url=https://yukon.ca/en/check-if-physiotherapist-licensed |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=yukon.ca}}</ref> * Kwalejin Masu Ilimin Jiki na British Columbia <ref>{{Cite web |title=CPTBC – College of Physical Therapists of British Columbia – Inspiring Public Confidence |url=https://cptbc.org/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525170540/https://cptbc.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kwalejin Masana Ilimin Jiki ta Alberta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.cpta.ab.ca/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=College of Physiotherapists of Alberta |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin Masu Ilimin Jiki ta Saskatchewan <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home – SCPT &#124; Saskatchewan College of Physical Therapists |url=https://www.scpt.org/}}</ref> * Kwalejin Masana Ilimin Jiki ta Manitoba <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home – College of Physiotherapists of Manitoba |url=https://manitobaphysio.com/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=manitobaphysio.com |language=en-CA}}</ref> * Kwalejin Masana Ilimin Jiki ta Ontario <ref>{{Cite web |title=College of Physiotherapists of Ontario {{!}} Physiotherapy Ontario |url=https://www.collegept.org/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=College of Physiotherapists of Ontario |language=en}}</ref> * Ordre professionalnel de la physiotherapie du Québec <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://oppq.qc.ca/en/home/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=OPPQ |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin Likitocin Jiki na New Brunswick/College des physiothérapeutes du Nouveau-Brunswick <ref>{{Cite web |title=College of Physiotherapists of New Brunswick – Responsive Medical Health WordPress Theme |url=https://cptnb.ca/language/en/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |language=en-CA}}</ref> * Kwalejin Likitocin Jiki ta Nova Scotia <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nova Scotia College of Physiotherapists – Nova Scotia College of Physiotherapists |url=https://nsphysio.com/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=nsphysio.com}}</ref> * Kwalejin Masana Ilimin Jiki ta Prince Edward Island <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome |url=https://www.peicpt.com/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=PEI College of Physiotherapy |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin Likitocin Jiki ta Newfoundland da Labrador <ref>{{Cite web |title=about_us.php |url=https://physiotherapy.ca/newfoundlandlabrador-physiotherapy-association/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921000728/https://physiotherapy.ca/newfoundlandlabrador-physiotherapy-association/ |archive-date=21 September 2017}}</ref> Ana bayar da shirye-shiryen motsa jiki a jami'o'i goma sha biyar, galibi ta hanyar kwalejin likitanci ta jami'ar. Kowace makaranta ta fannin motsa jiki ta Kanada ta sauya daga shirye-shiryen digiri na uku a fannin ilimin motsa jiki (BScPT) waɗanda ke buƙatar shekaru biyu na darussan jami'a na farko (digiri na farko na shekaru biyar) zuwa shirye-shiryen digiri na biyu na ilimin motsa jiki (MPT) waɗanda ke buƙatar digiri na farko na farko. Jami'ar Kanada ta ƙarshe da ta biyo baya ita ce Jami'ar Manitoba, wacce ta koma shirin MPT a shekarar 2012, wanda ya sanya takardar shaidar MPT ta zama sabuwar hanyar shiga aiki a duk faɗin Kanada. Ba a buƙatar masu aikin da ke da takardar shaidar BScPT su haɓaka cancantarsu ba. A lardin Quebec, ana buƙatar masu son yin aikin tiyatar jiki su kammala difloma ta kwaleji a fannin kimiyyar lafiya, wadda ke ɗaukar matsakaicin shekaru biyu, ko kuma fasahar gyaran jiki, wadda ke ɗaukar akalla shekaru uku, don neman shiga shirin motsa jiki ko shiri a jami'a. Bayan shiga, ɗaliban da ke yin aikin tiyatar jiki suna aiki a kan digiri na farko a fannin kimiyya tare da babban digiri a fannin gyaran jiki da gyaran jiki. BSc yawanci yana buƙatar shekaru uku kafin a kammala. Sannan ɗalibai dole ne su shiga makarantar digiri na biyu don kammala digiri na biyu a fannin gyaran jiki, wanda yawanci yana buƙatar shekaru ɗaya da rabi zuwa biyu na karatu. Waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri na biyu waɗanda suka sami digiri na biyu dole ne su ci jarrabawar zama memba cikin nasara don zama membobin ''Ordre Professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec'' (PPQ). Masu ilimin motsa jiki za su iya ci gaba da karatunsu a fannoni na musamman kamar kimiyyar gyaran jiki, likitancin wasanni, kinesiology, da kuma ilimin halittar jiki. Quebec ta rarraba masu ilimin gyaran jiki a matsayin kwararrun likitocin da ke kula da lafiyar jiki waɗanda ake buƙatar kammala shirin difloma na kwaleji na shekaru huɗu a fannin gyaran jiki kuma su zama membobin ''Ordre Professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec'' (OPPQ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accueil |url=https://oppq.qc.ca/ |website=OPPQ}}</ref> don yin aiki bisa doka a ƙasar a cewar ƙwararre De Van Gerard. Yawancin masu ilimin gyaran jiki suna kammala difloma a kwaleji a Collège Montmorency, Dawson College, ko Cégep Marie-Victorin, duk suna cikin yankin [[Montréal|Montreal]] da kewaye. Bayan kammala karatunsu na kwaleji na fasaha, waɗanda suka kammala karatun suna da damar ci gaba da karatunsu a matakin jami'a don wataƙila su sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin motsa jiki, kinesiology, kimiyyar motsa jiki, ko ilimin motsa jiki . Jami'ar Montréal, Jami'ar Laval da Jami'ar Sherbrooke suna cikin jami'o'in Québécois waɗanda ke shigar da masu ilimin gyaran jiki zuwa shirye-shiryen karatu da suka shafi kimiyyar lafiya da gyaran jiki don darussan bashi da aka kammala a kwaleji . Zuwa yanzu, babu shirye-shiryen haɗin gwiwa da ake da su don sauƙaƙe haɓakawa daga BScPT zuwa takardar shaidar MPT. Duk da haka, ana samun shirye-shiryen digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyya (MSc) da digiri na uku a fannin falsafa (PhD) a kowace jami'a. Baya ga binciken ilimi, masu aiki za su iya haɓaka ƙwarewarsu da cancantarsu ta hanyar ci gaba da darussa da manhajoji na ilimi. Ci gaba da ilimi buƙatu ne na hukumomin kula da larduna. Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Kanada tana ba da manhajar koyar da ci gaba da koyarwa a fannin kula da ƙashi da kuma kula da hannu. Shirin ya ƙunshi matakai 5 (darussa 7) na horo tare da ci gaba da jagoranci da kimantawa a kowane mataki. Manhajar koyar da ƙashi da jarrabawa tana ɗaukar aƙalla shekaru 4 kafin a kammala. Duk da haka, bayan kammala mataki na 2, masu ilimin motsa jiki za su iya neman shiga wani shiri na musamman na digiri na biyu wanda ya dogara da kwas na shekara 1 a fannin kula da ƙashi da kuma kula da hannu a Jami'ar Western Ontario don kammala horonsu. Wannan shirin yana karɓar masu ilimin motsa jiki 16 kawai a kowace shekara tun daga 2007. Kammala karatun da aka yi cikin nasara a ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin ilimi da jarrabawarsu yana ba wa masu ilimin motsa jiki damar yin rajista a Kwalejin Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Kanada (CAMPT) don samun haɗin gwiwa. Ana ɗaukar membobin Kwalejin Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Kanada (FCAMPT) a matsayin jagora a fagen, suna da ilimi mai zurfi bayan kammala karatun digiri a fannin kula da ƙashi da kuma kula da hannu. FCAMPT takardar shaida ce da aka amince da ita a duniya baki ɗaya, domin CAMPT memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Masu Jinya da Gyaran Jiki ta Duniya (IFOMPT), wani reshe na Ƙungiyar Jinya ta Duniya (wadda a da ake kira Ƙungiyar Jinya ta Duniya (WCPT)) da kuma Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO). === Scotland === Ana bayar da digirin ilimin motsa jiki a jami'o'i huɗu: Jami'ar Edinburgh Napier da ke Edinburgh, Jami'ar Robert Gordon da ke Aberdeen, Jami'ar Caledonian da ke Glasgow, da Jami'ar Sarauniya Margaret da ke Edinburgh. Dalibai za su iya cancanta a matsayin masu ilimin motsa jiki ta hanyar kammala digirin farko na kimiyya na shekaru huɗu ko digiri na biyu na biyu (idan sun riga sun sami digiri na farko a wani fanni mai alaƙa). Domin amfani da taken 'Mai ba da shawara kan harkokin motsa jiki', dole ne ɗalibi ya yi rijista da [[Kwamitin Kula da Lafiya da Kulawa|Majalisar Kula da Lafiya da Kulawa]], wata hukuma mai kula da harkokin motsa jiki a faɗin Burtaniya, idan ya cancanta. Yawancin masu ba da shawara kan motsa jiki mambobi ne na Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Chartered (CSP), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scotland {{!}} The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy |url=https://www.csp.org.uk/networks/nations-regions/scotland |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=www.csp.org.uk |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525170540/https://www.csp.org.uk/networks/nations-regions/scotland |archive-date=2024-05-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> wacce ke ba da inshora da tallafi na ƙwararru. === Amurka === Babban likitan da ke kula da lafiyar jiki shine likitan motsa jiki (PT) wanda aka horar kuma aka ba shi lasisi don dubawa, kimantawa, ganowa da sarrafa rauni ko cuta a cikin marasa lafiya ko abokan ciniki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2025 |title=Diagnosis by Physical Therapists |url=https://www.apta.org/apta-and-you/leadership-and-governance/policies/diagnosis-by-physical-therapist |access-date=3 October 2025 |website=www.apta.org}}</ref> Idan aka nuna, masu ilimin motsa jiki suna yin odar gwaje-gwaje/nazari na bincike, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga gwaje-gwajen hoto da dakin gwaje-gwaje ba. Masu ilimin motsa jiki kuma suna iya yin ko fassara zaɓaɓɓun hotuna ko wasu gwaje-gwaje/nazari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2025 |title=Diagnosis by Physical Therapists |url=https://www.apta.org/apta-and-you/leadership-and-governance/policies/diagnosis-by-physical-therapist |access-date=3 October 2025 |website=www.apta.org}}</ref> Manhajojin ilimin ilimin motsa jiki a Amurka sun kai ga digirin Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT), <ref name="2011PTed">{{Cite web |date=16 August 2011 |title=2010–2011 Fact Sheet: Physical Therapist Education Programs |url=http://www.capteonline.org/uploadedFiles/CAPTEorg/About_CAPTE/Resources/Aggregate_Program_Data/AggregateProgramData_PTPrograms.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823100415/http://www.capteonline.org/uploadedFiles/CAPTEorg/About_CAPTE/Resources/Aggregate_Program_Data/AggregateProgramData_PTPrograms.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2020 |access-date=28 February 2012 |publisher=American Physical Therapy Association}}</ref> tare da wasu PT masu aiki suna da digirin Master of Physical Therapy, wasu kuma suna da digirin Bachelor. Ba a sake bayar da digirin Master of Physical Therapy da Master of Science a Physical Therapy ba, kuma digirin matakin shiga shine digirin Doctor of Physical Therapy, wanda yawanci yana ɗaukar shekaru 3 bayan kammala digirin farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Physical Therapist (PT) Education Overview |url=http://www.apta.org/PTEducation/Overview/ |access-date=15 February 2016 |website=www.apta.org}}</ref> Ana ƙarfafa PT waɗanda ke da digirin Master ko digirin farko a PT su sami DPT ɗinsu saboda burin APTA shine duk PT su kasance a matakin digiri na uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-12 |title=Master's of Physical Therapy (MPT) vs. Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) Degree |url=http://www.exercise-science-guide.com/blog/masters-physical-therapy-vs-doctorate-physical-therapy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223044518/http://www.exercise-science-guide.com/blog/masters-physical-therapy-vs-doctorate-physical-therapy/ |archive-date=23 February 2016 |access-date=15 February 2016 |website=Exercise Science Guide |language=en-US}}</ref> Hukumar Kula da Ilimin Jinya ta Jiki (CAPTE) ta amince da shirye-shiryen DPT a Amurka. A cewar CAPTE, {{As of|2025}} Akwai ɗalibai 39,448 da suka yi rajista a shirye-shiryen PT guda 322 da aka amince da su a Amurka yayin da ɗaliban PTA guda 10,077 ke shiga shirye-shiryen PTA guda 390 a Amurka. <ref name="By The Numbers: Accredited and Candidacy Programs">{{Cite web |year=2025 |title=By The Numbers |url=https://www.capteonline.org/ |access-date=4 October 2025 |publisher=Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education}}</ref> Manhajar kwararrun masu ilimin motsa jiki ta ƙunshi abubuwan da ke cikin kimiyyar asibiti (misali, abubuwan da ke ciki game da tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, huhu, endocrine, metabolism, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, integumentary, musculoskeletal, da neuromuscular da kuma yanayin likita da tiyata da masu ilimin motsa jiki ke yawan gani). Horarwa ta yanzu an yi ta ne musamman don baiwa masu ilimin motsa jiki damar gane da kuma tura cututtukan da ba na tsoka ba waɗanda za su iya kasancewa iri ɗaya da waɗanda tsarin da ba su dace da maganin motsa jiki ke haifarwa, wanda ya haifar da samun damar kai tsaye ga masu ilimin motsa jiki a jihohi da yawa. <ref name="FSBPT Direct Access Guide">{{Cite web |title=Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy Jurisdiction Licensure Reference Guide Topic: Direct Access Language |url=https://www.fsbpt.org/Portals/0/documents/free-resources/JLRG_DirectAccessLawsAndRegs_201510.pdf |access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref> Yawan zama bayan digirin digirgir da kuma ilimin zumunci yana ƙaruwa akai-akai tare da amincewa da shirye-shiryen zama 219 da shirye-shiryen zumunci 42 a shekarar 2016. Makarantun suna da nufin horar da masu ilimin motsa jiki a fannoni daban-daban kamar kula da lafiya mai tsanani, cututtukan zuciya da [[huhu]], ilimin lantarki na asibiti, malamai, ilimin [[Magungunan tsofaffi|tsofaffi]], ilimin jijiyoyi, ilimin ƙashi, ilimin yara, wasanni, [[Lafiyar Mata|lafiyar mata]], da kula da rauni, yayin da makarantu ke horar da ƙwararru a wani fanni na musamman (misali kulawa mai tsanani, maganin hannu, da wasanni na sashe na 1 ), kamar tsarin likitanci. Shirye-shiryen zama suna ba da damar zama don samun takardar shaidar ƙwararru a fannin aikinsu. Misali, kammala zama a fannin motsa jiki na ƙashi yana ba wa waɗanda suka kammala karatun damar yin rajista da zama don gwajin ƙwararrun likitoci a fannin ƙashi, cimma nasarar tantancewa ta OCS bayan cin jarrabawar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Benefits of Attending a Physical Therapy Residency Programs |url=http://www.abptrfe.org/Residency/About/Benefits/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023233256/http://www.abptrfe.org/Residency/About/Benefits/ |archive-date=23 October 2014 |access-date=7 August 2016 |website=American Board of Physical Therapy Residency and Fellowship Education}}</ref> Takaddun shaida na hukumar ƙwararrun likitocin motsa jiki yana da nufin gane mutanen da ke da ilimin asibiti da horo na ƙwarewa a fannin aikinsu, kuma yana misalta yanayin zuwa ga ilimi mafi girma don kula da mutanen da ke da matsalar motsi yadda ya kamata. <ref name="ABPTS Website">{{Cite web |title=ABPTS homepage |url=http://www.abpts.org/home.aspx/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423162000/http://www.abpts.org/home.aspx |archive-date=23 April 2011 |access-date=7 August 2016 |website=American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties}}</ref> Mataimakan masu ilimin motsa jiki na iya bayar da magani da kuma hanyoyin motsa jiki ga marasa lafiya da abokan ciniki a ƙarƙashin tsarin kulawa da aka kafa ta kuma ƙarƙashin kulawar mai ilimin motsa jiki. Mataimakan masu ilimin motsa jiki a Amurka a halin yanzu ana horar da su a ƙarƙashin manhajojin ilimin da aka yi amfani da su musamman ga sana'ar, kamar yadda CAPTE ta bayyana kuma ta amince da su. Ya zuwa Disamba 2022, akwai shirye-shirye 396 na shekaru biyu ( mataimakan masu ilimin motsa jiki ) waɗanda aka amince da su don mataimakan masu ilimin motsa jiki a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2023 |title=Aggregate Program Data 2021 Physical Therapist Assistant Education Programs Fact Sheets |url=https://www.capteonline.org/globalassets/capte-docs/aggregate-data/2021-2022-aggregate-pta-program-and-salary-data.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403124612/https://www.capteonline.org/globalassets/capte-docs/aggregate-data/2021-2022-aggregate-pta-program-and-salary-data.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2023 |access-date=18 April 2023 |publisher=American Physical Therapy Association}}</ref> == Aiki == Ayyukan da suka shafi aikin motsa jiki a Arewacin Amurka sun nuna ci gaba cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, amma ƙimar aiki da matsakaicin albashi na iya bambanta sosai tsakanin ƙasashe daban-daban, jihohi, larduna, ko yankuna. Wani bincike daga 2013 ya bayyana cewa kashi 56.4% na masu ilimin motsa jiki sun gamsu da ayyukansu a duk duniya. <ref name="Gupta">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gupta N |year=2013 |title=Predictors of job satisfaction among physiotherapy professionals |journal=Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=146–151 |doi=10.5958/j.0973-5674.7.3.082 |id={{ProQuest|1464664057}} |doi-access=free}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Albashi, sha'awar aiki, da gamsuwa a cikin aiki sune mahimman abubuwan da ke nuna gamsuwar aiki. <ref name="Gupta" /> A cikin wani bincike na Poland, gajiyar aiki tsakanin masu ilimin motsa jiki ya bayyana ta hanyar ƙaruwar gajiyar motsin rai da raguwar jin daɗin cimma burin mutum. <ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Pustułka-Piwnik U, Ryn ZJ, Krzywoszański Ł, Stożek J |date=17 November 2014 |title=Burnout syndrome in physical therapists – demographic and organizational factors |journal=Medycyna Pracy |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=453–62 |doi=10.13075/mp.5893.00038 |pmid=25643484 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gajiyawar motsin rai ta fi yawa a tsakanin masu ilimin motsa jiki waɗanda ke aiki tare da manya kuma suna aiki a asibitoci. Sauran abubuwan da ke ƙara gajiya sun haɗa da aiki a asibiti da samun matsayi daga shekaru 15 zuwa 19. <ref name="auto" /> === Amurka === A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka, akwai kimanin masu ilimin motsa jiki 267,200 da aka yi aiki a Amurka a shekarar 2024, suna samun matsakaicin dala $101,020 a kowace shekara a shekarar 2024, ko dala $48.57 a kowace awa, tare da hasashen karuwar kashi 11% a aikin yi nan da shekarar 2034. <ref name="BLSPT">{{Cite web |date=17 December 2015 |title=Physical Therapists |url=http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Physical-therapists.htm |access-date=4 April 2017 |website=Occupational Outlook Handbook |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics}}</ref> Ofishin Kididdiga na Ma'aikata ya kuma bayar da rahoton cewa akwai kimanin mataimakan masu ilimin motsa jiki 128,700 da aka yi aiki a Amurka a shekarar 2014, suna samun matsakaicin dala $42,980 a kowace shekara, ko dala $20.66 a kowace awa, tare da hasashen karuwar kashi 40% a aikin yi nan da shekarar 2024. Don biyan bukatunsu, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na motsa jiki da yawa suna daukar "masu ilimin motsa jiki na tafiya", wadanda ke aiki na wucin gadi tsakanin makonni 8 zuwa 26 don samun karin albashi; kimanin dala $113,500 a kowace shekara." <ref name="BLSPTA">{{Cite web |date=17 December 2015 |title=Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides |url=http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Physical-therapist-assistants-and-aides.htm |access-date=4 April 2017 |website=Occupational Outlook Handbook |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics}}</ref> Bayanan kididdiga na Ofishin Ma'aikata kan PTAs da fasaha na iya zama da wahala a fayyace su, saboda yadda suke bayar da rahoton bayanai kan waɗannan fannoni na aiki tare maimakon a ware su daban. O-Net ta ba da rahoton cewa a cikin 2015, PTAs a Amurka sun sami matsakaicin albashi na $55,170 kowace shekara ko $26.52 a kowace awa kuma mataimaka/masu fasaha sun sami matsakaicin albashi na $25,120 kowace shekara ko $12.08 a kowace awa a cikin 2015. <ref name="ONETTech">{{Cite web |year=2016–2017 |title=Summary Report for 31-2022.00 – Physical Therapist Aides |url=http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/31-2022.00 |access-date=4 April 2017 |publisher=O-Net Online}}</ref> <ref name="ONETPTA">{{Cite web |year=2016–17 |title=Summary Report for 31-2021.00 – Physical Therapist Assistants |url=http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/31-2021.00 |access-date=4 April 2017 |publisher=O-Net Online}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Amurka ta ba da rahoton ƙimar guraben aiki ga masu ilimin motsa jiki kamar 11.2% a cikin asibitoci masu zaman kansu na marasa lafiya, 10% a wuraren kulawa mai tsanani, da 12.1% a cikin wuraren jinya masu ƙwarewa. APTA ta kuma ba da rahoton ƙimar juzu'i ga masu ilimin motsa jiki kamar 10.7% a cikin asibitoci masu zaman kansu na marasa lafiya, 11.9% a wuraren kulawa mai tsanani, 27.6% a cikin wuraren jinya masu ƙwarewa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2010 |title=Physical Therapy Vacancy and Turnover Rates in Outpatient Private Practice |url=http://www.apta.org/WorkforceData/VacancyTurnoverRate/OutpatientPrivatePractice/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611205712/http://www.apta.org/WorkforceData/VacancyTurnoverRate/OutpatientPrivatePractice/ |archive-date=11 June 2016 |access-date=4 April 2017 |website=www.apta.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2010 |title=Physical Therapy Vacancy and Turnover Rates in Acute Care Hospitals |url=http://www.apta.org/WorkforceData/VacancyTurnoverRate/AcuteCare/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611205418/http://www.apta.org/WorkforceData/VacancyTurnoverRate/AcuteCare/ |archive-date=11 June 2016 |access-date=4 April 2017 |website=www.apta.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2011 |title=Physical Therapy Vacancy and Turnover Rates in Skilled Nursing Facilities |url=http://www.apta.org/WorkforceData/VacancyTurnoverRate/SNFs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611205717/http://www.apta.org/WorkforceData/VacancyTurnoverRate/SNFs/ |archive-date=11 June 2016 |access-date=4 April 2017 |website=www.apta.org}}</ref> Ma'anoni da buƙatun lasisi a Amurka sun bambanta tsakanin yankuna, kamar yadda kowace jiha ta zartar da dokar aikin tiyatar jiki da ke bayyana sana'ar a cikin ikonta, amma Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Jiki ta Jiha <ref>{{Cite web |title=Model Practice Act &#124; FSBPT |url=https://www.fsbpt.org/Free-Resources/Regulatory-Resources/Model-Practice-Act}}</ref> ta kuma tsara wani tsari don iyakance wannan bambancin. Hukumar Kula da Ingantaccen Ilimi a Ilimin Jinya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education |url=https://www.capteonline.org/ |website=Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education}}</ref> (CAPTE) ce ke da alhakin amincewa da manhajojin ilimin motsa jiki a duk faɗin Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.capteonline.org/about-capte/who-we-are |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education |language=en}}</ref> === Ƙasar Ingila === == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sister project links/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Sister project links}} * Turai: [https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/regprof/index.cfm?action=regprof&id_regprof=1180 Bayanan sana'o'i masu tsari] - Masanin ilimin motsa jiki, Hukumar Turai {{Physical exercise}}{{Physical therapy and rehabilitation|state=expanded}}{{Disability navbox}}<templatestyles src="Module:Portal bar/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qvka7a3420ig2u7o8yq0a4y2h98vfyh 0 158024 975408 858804 2026-11-02T23:55:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Edward Hurrell''' (1 ga Yuni, 1904 - 17 ga Mayu, 1992) ya kasance mai daukar hoto wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga hoton glamour da Hollywood ta gabatar a cikin shekarun 1930 da 1940. == Early life == Born in the Walnut Hills district of Cincinnati, Ohio, and studied at the [[Makarantar Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago|School of the Art Institute of Chicago]] and American Academy of Art College. Hurrell originally studied as a painter with no particular interest in photography.<ref name="Vieira, Mark 2014, P 15">Vieira, M. A.: "George Hurrell's Hollywood: Glamour Portraits 1925 – 1992", {{ISBN|978-0-7624-5039-8}}.</ref> He first began to use photography only as a medium for recording his paintings. After moving to Laguna Beach, California from [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]] in 1925 he met many other painters who had connections. One of those connections was Edward Steichen who encouraged him to pursue photography after seeing some of his works. Hurrell also found that photography was a more reliable source of income than painting.<ref name="Postrel">{{Cite journal |last=Postrel |first=Virginia |date=July–August 2007 |title=Starlight and Shadow |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2007/07/starlight-and-shadow/305978/ |journal=The Atlantic}}</ref> Hurrell was an apprentice to Eugene Hutchinson. His photography was encouraged by his friend aviator [[Pancho Barnes]], who often posed for him. He eventually opened a photographic studio in Los Angeles.<ref name="Postrel" /> == Career in Hollywood == In the late 1920s, Hurrell was introduced to the actor Ramon Novarro, by [[Pancho Barnes]], and agreed to take a series of photographs of him.<ref name="Postrel"/> Novarro was impressed with the results and showed them to the actress Norma Shearer, who was attempting to mould her wholesome image into something more glamorous and sophisticated in an attempt to land the title role in the movie ''The Divorcee''.<ref name="Postrel" /> She asked Hurrell to photograph her in poses more provocative than her fans had seen before. After she showed these photographs to her husband, MGM production chief Irving Thalberg, Thalberg was so impressed that he signed Hurrell to a contract with MGM Studios, making him head of the portrait photography department. But in 1932, Hurrell left MGM after differences with their publicity head, and from then on until 1938 ran his own studio at 8706 Sunset Boulevard.<ref name="studio">Vieira, M. A.: ''[http://www.thestarlightstudio.com/hhppage.htm Hurrell's Hollywood Portraits: The Chapman Collection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806073420/http://www.thestarlightstudio.com/hhppage.htm |date=2009-08-06 }}'', {{ISBN|0-8109-3434-5}}. URL last accessed June 7, 2010.</ref> [[Fayil:Jane_Russell_in_The_Outlaw.jpg|right|thumb|Jane Russell (pictured in 1943) by Hurrell, in a publicity image for ''The Outlaw'']] [[Fayil:Olivia_de_Havilland_by_George_Hurrell,_Aug_1938.jpg|left|thumb|Olivia de Havilland by George Hurrell, 1938]] Throughout the decade, Hurrell photographed every star contracted to MGM, and his striking black-and-white images were used extensively in the marketing of these stars. Among the performers regularly photographed by him during these years were silent screen star Dorothy Jordan, as well as Myrna Loy, Robert Montgomery, Jean Harlow, Ramon Novarro, Joan Crawford, Clark Gable, Rosalind Russell, Marion Davies, Jeanette MacDonald, Lupe Vélez, Anna May Wong, Carole Lombard and Norma Shearer, who was said to have refused to allow herself to be photographed by anyone else. He also photographed Greta Garbo at a session to produce promotional material for the movie ''Romance''. The session didn't go well and she never used him again.<ref name="Postrel"/> In the early 1940s Hurrell moved to Warner Brothers Studios photographing, among others Bette Davis, Jane Russell, Ann Sheridan, Errol Flynn, [[Olivia de Havilland]], Ida Lupino, Alexis Smith, Lauren Bacall, Humphrey Bogart and James Cagney. Later in the decade he moved to Columbia Pictures where his photographs were used to help the studio build the career of Rita Hayworth. He also opened his own photography studio on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills for shoots outside of Hollywood productions. == Postwar == He left Hollywood briefly to make training films for the First Motion Picture Unit of the United States Army Air Forces. When he returned to Hollywood in the mid-1950s his old style of glamour had fallen from favour. Where he had worked hard to create an idealised image of his subjects, the new style of Hollywood glamour was more earthy and gritty, and for the first time in his career Hurrell's style was not in demand. He moved to New York City and worked for the advertising industry where glamour was still valued. He continued his work for fashion magazines and photographed for print advertisements for several years before returning to Hollywood in the 1960s. He captured early Marilyn Monroe, and actress Mamie Van Doren, who became a lifelong friend of his. During the early 1950s, he and then wife Phyllis Bounds approached her uncle [[Walt Disney]] who was interested in investing in television as a medium to form a company that would produce commercials with his cartoon characters. They formed Hurrell Productions which produce advertisements promoting products from Kellogg's, Sunkist, Hunt's, Johnson &amp;amp; Johnson, 7-Up, Jell-O and other clients. He also serves as producer, director, and occasionally as cinematographer for several of the commercials. He decided to expand beyond commercials was began negotiating a deal with Mitchell Gertz to produce a ''Zorro'' television series starring Gilbert Roland. Walt, however, intervened and put a stop to the plans in favor of his own show. Hurrell began clashing with Walt and decided to move back to New York following his divorce from Bounds but retained the production company until its closure in 1959. Relocating to Beverly Hills, Hurrell reopened his photography studio and began as stills photographer for various TV shows and films. After 1970, his most prominent work was as a photographer for album covers. He shot the cover photos for [[Cass Elliot]]'s self-titled album (1972), Helen Reddy's Imagination (1983), Tom Waits' ''Foreign Affairs'' (1977), Fleetwood Mac's ''Mirage'' (1982), Queen's ''The Works'' (1984), Midge Ure's ''The Gift'' (1985) and Paul McCartney's ''Press to Play'' (1986). == Personal life == In 1939, he married his first wife, Katherine Cuddy, who was a beauty contest winner from Seattle. During the marriage, he had an affair with Phyllis Bounds, niece of [[Walt Disney]]. Cuddy and Hurrell divorced in 1942 before he married Bounds one year later. This marriage resulted in the birth of their children; Victoria (b. 1945), Clancy (b. 1946) and Alexandria (b. 1948). They divorced in 1954. In 1955, he met and married, Betty Willis. They had three children, George Jr., Daphne, and Michael. == Death == Hurrell died from complications from bladder cancer shortly after completing a TBS documentary about his life. He died on May 17, 1992. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1904]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 684sbs2zrv7n1aguagxtmo8kqkwfusm 0 159961 975448 891547 2026-11-03T03:56:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidauniyar H2O Africa''' wata ƙungiyar mai zaman kanta ce (NGO) wadda Matt Damon ya kafa don faɗakar da mutane game da ayyukan samar da tabbataccen ruwa mai tsafta a Afirka. Tana ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen balaguro da fim ɗin gaskiya na Running the Sahara wanda Damon, James Moll, LivePlanet, da Independent Producers Alliance suka ɗauki nauyi. A cikin watan Yulin 2009, Gidauniyar H2O Africa ta haɗe da WaterPartners don kafa Water.org, ƙungiyar da Matt Damon da Gary White na WaterPartners suka haɗa gwiwa wajen kafawa.<ref>[http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ Damon joins K.C. organization to provide for developing communities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225000821/http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ |date=2012-02-25 }} AP, July 15, 2009</ref> == Tarihi == Lokacin da Matt Damon da abokan aikinsa na shirye-shirye Marc Joubert, Larry Tanz, da Keith Quinn suka fara aiki a kan tsara balaguro da fim don Running the Sahara, Damon ya sami dabarar ƙaddamar da wani shiri na sadaka. An ƙaddamar da shi a hukumance a cikin bazaran shekara ta 2006, kuma an ɗauki Richard Klopp a matsayin babban darektan ƙaddamarwa.<ref>[http://afchive.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2006/09/12/damon_spices_up_fund_raiser/ Damon spices up fund-raiser - The Boston Globe<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lokacin da mai kuɗaɗen fim na IPA ya shigo cikin shirin, an sanya wa gidauniyar suna a hukumance H2O Africa kuma an sanar da ita a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2006 yayin taron ONEXONE a bikin Fim na Duniya na Toronto.<ref>[http://www.globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php Actor Matt Damon aims to create public awareness of the water crisis with H2O Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422082546/http://www.globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php |date=2008-04-22 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> An kafa ta ne azaman reshen sadaka na aikin fim ɗin Running the Sahara, da nufin tara kuɗi da faɗakarwa ga ƙungiyoyi irin su Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) Clean Water Initiative, Living Water International, da aikin Millennium Promise. A ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2007, H2O Africa ta sanar da sabon haɗin gwiwa da Gidauniyar Ryan's Well.<ref>[http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm Ryan's Well Foundation and the H2O Africa Foundation Announce Partnership for Clean Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411001026/http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm |date=2008-04-11 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.positivenews.org.uk/artman/publish/article_1238.shtml Ryan's Well and H2O Africa Join Forces For Clean Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929081014/http://www.positivenews.org.uk/artman/publish/article_1238.shtml |date=2007-09-29 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> == Ayyuka == {{update-section|date=October 2014}} H2O Africa ta kasance da hannu a cikin ayyuka kamar haka: * '''Shirin Matasan Duniya Domin Tsaftataccen Ruwa''': H2O Africa tana taimaka wa Gidauniyar Ryan's Well wajen tara kuɗi don wannan aikin ta hanyar ninka duk wani tallafi da aka bayar dala-da-dala.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |title=H2O Africa Partnership Project |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827002639/http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |archive-date=2007-08-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufar wannan aikin ita ce inganta lafiya, jin daɗi, da tsafta a makarantu 15 zuwa 20 a gundumomin Lira da Oyam a yankin Lango na ƙasar Uganda. Bugu da ƙari, aikin zai kuma ba da horo kan tsaftar muhalli a makarantu 90 a gundumomin biyu, gyarawa ko gina wuraren samar da ruwa mai tsafta guda 25, da kuma gina banɗaki na zamani (VIP latrines) guda 10. Ana sa ran za a fara ginin a watan Satumba na shekara ta 2007. * '''Route Nations''': H2O Africa, tare da haɗin gwiwar Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), suna gina hasumiyar ruwa da famfunan ruwa guda biyu a ƙauyen Néré Walo, ƙasar Mauritania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |title=Project Update - Route Nations |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718210710/http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |archive-date=2007-07-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Agusta 2007, an kusan kammala aikin. * '''Kauyen Millennium''': H2O Africa tana haɗin gwiwa da Millennium Promise don tara kuɗi don aikin Millennium Village a Timbuktu, ƙasar Mali. Aikin ya ƙunshi haɓaka shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don inganta tattalin arzikin gida a fannoni kamar makamashi da ababen more rayuwa, ayyukan samar da abinci mai gina jiki, da daidaiton jinsi.<ref>[http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions Millennium Promise - Interventions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814002722/http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions |date=2007-08-14 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> Ya zuwa watan Agusta 2007, aikin ya sami kashi 22% na burin kuɗaɗen da yake buƙata na dala $1,750,000. * '''Aikin Rijiya na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya''': H2O Africa tana haɗuwa da Living Water International don gina sabbin rijiyoyi 20 a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, tare da bayar da tallafin kula da waɗannan rijiyoyin na tsawon shekaru 5. Aikin kuma yana da nufin taimakawa wajen inganta kulawar al'umma game da albarkatun ruwa a wannan lokacin. H2O Africa ta ware dala $100,000 don aikin, tare da yin alkawarin ninka ƙarin dala $100,000 na tallafin da za a tara. Ƙungiyar ta tara kashi 72% na burin kuɗaɗenta ya zuwa watan Agusta 2007. * '''L'Desh Fresh''': Bayan da miliyoyin mutane a duk faɗin duniya suka neme shi, a ƙarshe ya shigo kasuwar Amurka a shekara ta 2009. Kwayoyin cuta (parasites), alamun fitsari, datti, da arsenic suna aiki tare don samar da dandano na halitta na L'Desh Fresh: Ruwan Sha mafi Inganci na Gaskiya a Duniya. Amma a ina ya ɓoye? Yayin da yake fara fitowa, mutane suna tambayar hakan. Sai dai cewa wasa ne kawai. To, kusan haka yake. Kamfen ɗin L'Desh Fresh an ƙirƙira shi ne ta kamfanin tallace-tallace na Sullivan Higdon & Sink (SHS) wanda ya sami kyaututtuka a Kansas City, don ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙasa da ƙasa mai zaman kanta da ke KC, wato Water.org. Kusan shekaru ashirin, Water.org tana aiki don samar wa mutane a ƙasashe masu tasowa ruwan sha mai tsafta da tsaftar muhalli. SHS ta tashi tsaye don taimakawa wajen faɗakarwa da tallafawa wannan manufa, kyauta ba tare da biya ba.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} == Abokan haɗin gwiwa na sadaka == * ONEXONE * Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund * ONE Campaign * A Glimmer of Hope Foundation * Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) * Millennium Promise * Gidauniyar Ryan's Well == Duba kuma == * Matt Damon * Running the Sahara * Water.org == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.aglimmerofhope.org A Glimmer of Hope Foundation] * [http://www.h2oafrica.org/ H2O Africa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070720135346/http://www.water.cc/main.aspx Living Water International] * [http://www.millenniumpromise.org Millennium Promise] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831111734/http://www.onexonecampaign.com/ OneXOne Campaign] * [http://www.rcgf.org Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070106080221/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/runningthesahara/ Running the Sahara] shi8kml2wchf32ee3fgmkniwkal54f2 0 163402 975181 896096 2026-11-02T15:14:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Portret_van_fotografe_Emma_Kirchner_(1830-1909).jpg|thumb| Hoton Emma Kirchner da kanta a kan katin kasuwancinta (wanda aka ɗauka tsakanin 1863 da 1871)]] '''Emma Kirchner''' (an haife ta '''Johanna Frederika Doris Emma Kirchner''' ; 30 Maris 1830 - 10 Fabrairu 1909) mai ɗaukar hoto ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda ta rayu kuma ta yi aiki a [[Holand|ƙasar Netherlands]] . Ita ce ta farko, kuma tsawon sama da shekaru 30, mace ɗaya tilo ƙwararriyar mai ɗaukar hoto da ke aiki a Delft da kewaye. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Depth of Field {{!}} Scherptediepte |url=https://depthoffield.universiteitleiden.nl/2035f06nl/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=depthoffield.universiteitleiden.nl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210101503/https://depthoffield.universiteitleiden.nl/2035f06nl/ |archive-date=2021-02-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko, Ilimi da Tasiri a Leipzig == An haifi Johanna Frederika Doris Emma Kirchner a [[Leipzig]] a ranar 30 ga Maris 1830, babbar 'yar Johanna Frederika Fritzsche da Carl Pancras Kirchner, wani mai dinki. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an haifi 'yar uwarta Maria Amalia Louisa, amma mahaifinta ya mutu bayan watanni huɗu kacal. Mahaifiyarta ta ci gaba da gudanar da shagon dinki na iyali. A shekara ta 1841, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa wani gida a lamba 7 Neukirchhof a tsakiyar Leipzig (wanda aka lalata a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], kuma yanzu ake kira Matthäikirchhof). Ba da nisa ba, mahaifiyarta ta buɗe sabon shagon dinki a 24 Große Fleischergasse. <ref name=":1"/> Tana da shekaru 22, Emma Kirchner ta haifi 'yarta Elisa Augusta Doris Ida (wanda ake kira Doris) a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 1852. Mahaifinsa shi ne mai buga littattafai kuma mai sayar da littattafai na Leipzig Rudolph Löes, amma ba su yi aure ba. 'Yar uwarta Maria ma ta haifi 'ya mace, Emma, 'yan kwanaki da suka gabata. <ref name=":1"/> [[Fayil:Die_spätere_Fotografin_Emma_Kirchner_Df_hauptkatalog_0197113.jpg|thumb| Emma Kirchner tana da shekaru kusan 25 (a shekara ta 1855). Mai daukar hoto: [[Bertha Beckmann|Bertha Wehnert-Beckmann]]]] Saboda wurin da gidanta yake da kuma wurin aikin mahaifiyarta a Leipzig, ana kyautata zaton ɗakunan daukar hoto na farko na yankin sun kasance abin da aka saba gani kuma suka yi tasiri ga Emma Kirchner. A ranar 19 ga Agusta 1839, Louis Daguerre ya buga wani tsari na daukar hoto, daguerreotype, wanda aka fitar don amfani kyauta a duk duniya (banda a Ingila da Wales). Akwai shaidar amfani da shi a Leipzig a wannan shekarar da kuma umarnin da aka buga don ɗaukar hotuna ta amfani da daguerreotype da ake bugawa a birnin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Schriften zur Daguerreotypie - 3 Bonartes Photohistorische Bibliothek |url=https://photobib.bonartes.org/index.php/Daguerreotypie-Anleitungen.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=photobib.bonartes.org}}</ref> Akwai wani ɗakin daukar hoto a Große Fleischergasse, titin da mahaifiyar Kirchner ke kula da shagon dinki. Ba da nisa ba a Burgstraße 8, ƙwararren mai ɗaukar hoto mace ta farko a Turai, [[Bertha Beckmann|Bertha Wehnert-Beckmann]], kamar Kirchner 'yar wani mai dinki, ta gudanar da ɗakin ɗaukar hotonta. Beckmann ta taɓa yin aiki a [[Dresden]] kuma ta yi tafiya a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto mai zaman kanta, inda ta buɗe ɗakinta a shekarar 1843 tare da Eduard Wehnert, mai rubuta daguerreotyping wanda ta aura a lokacin. A shekarar 1847, Wehnert-Beckmann ta zama bazawara kuma tana kula da ɗakin studio ɗinta na Leipzig tare da ma'aikata. Daga 1849 zuwa 1851 ta yi aiki a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a cikin ɗakin daukar hoto mai nasara a Broadway, sannan bayan ta dawo Leipzig, ta sayi gida a cikin kyakkyawan yanki na zama kuma an gina gida mai ɗakin studio. <ref>Jens Kassner: [https://www.lvz.de/Nachrichten/Kultur/Europas-erste-Berufsfotografin-Opulentes-Buch-stellt-Bertha-Wehnert-Beckmann-vor ''Europas erste Berufsfotografin - Opulentes Buch stellt Bertha Wehnert-Beckmann vor.'']{{Dead link|date=March 2024}} Artikel aus der ''Leipziger Volkszeitung'' 23&nbsp;April 2014, retrieved 9&nbsp;February 2020.</ref> Masu bincike sun yi zaton cewa Emma Kirchner ta sami horo a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto daga Wehnert-Beckmann, amma babu wata shaida ta gaskiya game da hakan. <ref name="Leipzig" /> A shekarar 1849, marubuciya kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata [[Louise Otto-Peters]] ta kafa kuma ta buga jaridar siyasa ta mata mai [[:de:Frauen-Zeitung|suna Frauen-Zeitung]] a Leipzig har sai da ''Lex Otto'' ta dakatar da ita daga aikin (kalmar magana ta sakin layi na sha biyu na dokar manema labarai ta Masarautar Saxony ta 14 ga Maris 1851, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dresden |first=SLUB |title=Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt für das Königreich Sachsen |url=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id20001471Z/92 |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=digital.slub-dresden.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> wadda ta hana mata a Saxony buga ko yin gyara tare da jaridu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-08-06 |title=Louise-Otto-Peters-Gesellschaft e.V. |url=http://www.louiseottopeters-gesellschaft.de/daten.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806205007/http://www.louiseottopeters-gesellschaft.de/daten.htm |archive-date=2007-08-06 |access-date=2023-01-17}}</ref> An sanya wa dokar suna bayan Otto-Peters kuma an gabatar da ita musamman saboda shari'arta <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vahsen |first=Mechthilde |date=13 January 2009 |title=Louise Otto-Peters |url=https://www.bpb.de/themen/gender-diversitaet/frauenbewegung/35309/louise-otto-peters/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=bpb.de |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2018 |title=Feministisches Archiv und Bibliothek Louise Otto-Peters 1819–1895 |url=https://frauenmediaturm.de/historische-frauenbewegung/louise-otto-peters-1819-1895 |website=frauen media turm}}</ref> ). Otto-Peters ta zauna a Leipzig har abada tun daga shekarar 1860 kuma ta buga littafin ''Neue Bahnen'' mai suka kan zamantakewa a shekarar 1864, <ref name=":0" /> inda ta magance matsalolin mace mai aiki, marar aure. Jarumin littafin ya sami horo daga wani mai daukar hoto mai zaman kansa tare da nata studio. Duk da cewa babu wata shaida ta musamman game da horon Kirchner ko ayyukan daukar hoto na ƙwararru a Leipzig, ana kyautata zaton ta koyi fasahar daukar hoto a wannan lokacin, da kuma ilimin farko na gudanar da kasuwanci. <ref name=":1"/> Lokacin da Kirchner ta ƙaura zuwa [[Holand|Netherlands]], ta bayyana sana'arta a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto bayan isowarta, kuma ta buɗe ɗakin ɗaukar hoto nata jim kaɗan bayan haka. <ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == 3aly2tibpw6p9zbjd0urdmf28kbk95c 0 163967 975182 951517 2026-11-02T15:15:17Z Saudarh2 14842 /* */ 975182 wikitext text/x-wiki Minnie Turner (6 ga watan Mayu 1866 – 1948) ta kasance wata mata ‘yar ƙasar Birtaniya da ta yi fafutukar neman ‘yancin mata (Suffragette). An san ta da gudanar da wani gidan saukar baki mai suna “Sea View” a birnin Brighton. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1911, an kama ta bisa laifin karya gilashin taga a ma’aikatar cikin gida ta Birtaniya (Home Office). Saboda haka, aka yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin kwanaki 21 a gidan yari na Holloway. == Tarihin Rayuwar ta == An haifi Turner Minnie Sarah Turner a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu 1866 a [[Landan]].<ref name="Calder">{{Cite web |last=Calder |first=Jean |date=14 November 2018 |title=Why we remember suffragette Minnie Turner |url=https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2018/11/14/why-we-remember-suffragette-minnie-turner/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Brighton and Hove News}}</ref> Ta gudanar da gidan baƙi a Brighton, "Sea View", wanda ya zama wurin hutu, amma kuma mafaka ga 'yan mata na Burtaniya waɗanda aka ɗaure su saboda dalilin zaɓen, da yawa waɗanda ke murmurewa daga ciyar da karfi. Masu zama sun hada da Lady Constance Bulwer-Lytton, Mary Jane Clarke, Emily Davison, Flora Drummond, [[Annie Kenney]], Mary Naylor, Christabel Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, Emmelin Pethick-Lawrence, [[Vera Wentworth]], da Ada Wright.<ref name="Brighton & Hove City Council">{{Cite web |title=Blue plaque for suffragette Minnie Turner |url=https://new.brighton-hove.gov.uk/news/2018/blue-plaque-suffragette-minnie-turner |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Brighton & Hove City Council |language=en}}</ref> Turner ta dauki bakuncin Minnie Baldock, kuma ta biya kudin tafiye-tafiye don tallafawa kokarin Mary Clarke na cikin gida a lokacin rani. An kama Turner sau biyu saboda shiga cikin zanga-zangar sufragist. A shekara ta 1910 an kama ta ne saboda zanga-zanga a waje da House of Commons na United Kingdom a ranar Black Friday . A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1911 an kama ta ne saboda karya taga a Ofishin Gida wanda ta sami hukuncin kwana 21 a gidan yarin Holloway . <ref name="Simkin">{{Cite web |last=Simkin |first=John |title=Minnie Turner |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/WturnerM.htm |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref> An baiwa Turner lambar yabo ta yunwa 'don jaruntaka' ta WSPU.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi barazanar windows din Turner a matsayin fansa a cikin katin waya da ba a san shi ba, daga 'WHAT HO ALF', kuma daya ko biyu sun karye. <nowiki>'an yi barazanar windows din da kansu a matsayin fansa a cikin katin waya da ba a san su ba, daga 'WHAT HO ALF', kuma daya ko biyu sun karye. </nowiki>Turner ya sanya bayanin kula a cikin windows da ya shafi yana cewa "Mazaunin maza. Yin koyi da shi ne mafi kyawun nau'in yabo."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Turner |first=Minnie |date= |title=Museum of London {{!}} Free museum in London |url=https://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/online/object/965483.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-01 |website=collections.museumoflondon.org.uk}}</ref> A shekara ta 1912, Emily Davison ta warke daga kwarewarta a kurkuku tare da Turner har sai da ta sami damar tafiya zuwa Northumberland don ganin mahaifiyarta. Turner ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa (NUWSS) Ƙungiyar Jama'a da Siyasa ta Mata (WSPU) da Ƙungiyar Tsayayya da Haraji ta Mata (WTRL). Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar girmamawa ta Kungiyar Mata ta Liberal a Brighton . <ref name="Simkin"/><ref name="Antoni">{{Cite web |last=Antoni |first=Karen |title=Celebrating 100 years since the Representation of the People Act, 1918-2018 |url=https://brightonmuseums.org.uk/discover/2018/02/05/celebrating-100-years-since-the-representation-of-the-people-act-1918-2018/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Discover |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814164704/https://brightonmuseums.org.uk/discover/2018/02/05/celebrating-100-years-since-the-representation-of-the-people-act-1918-2018/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Turner ya mutu a shekara ta 1948. <ref name="Simkin"/> == Kyauta == A cikin Shekaran 2018 an kaddamar da takardar shuɗi don girmama Turner a shafin yanar gizon "Sea View" a 13 Victoria Road, Brighton . <ref name="Brighton & Hove City Council"/> An haɗa "Holloway brooch" a cikin shekaru 100 na Gidan Tarihi na Brighton tun lokacin da Dokar Wakilin Jama'a, nune-nunen a Shekaran 1918-2018. <ref name="Antoni"/> Turner ta tarin takardun sakonni a cikin Gidan Tarihi na kasar London ya ba da haske game da rawar da take takawa ga mata masu gwagwarmaya a lokacin da suke da wuya. <ref name=":1"/> * Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ei54ldr7csrvl9h4h43hvfcmslos0ys 975183 975182 2026-11-02T15:15:43Z Saudarh2 14842 /* */ 975183 wikitext text/x-wiki Minnie Turner (6 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 1866 – 1948) ta kasance wata mata ‘yar ƙasar Birtaniya da ta yi fafutukar neman ‘yancin mata (Suffragette). An san ta da gudanar da wani gidan saukar baki mai suna “Sea View” a birnin Brighton. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1911, an kama ta bisa laifin karya gilashin taga a ma’aikatar cikin gida ta Birtaniya (Home Office). Saboda haka, aka yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin kwanaki 21 a gidan yari na Holloway. == Tarihin Rayuwar ta == An haifi Turner Minnie Sarah Turner a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu 1866 a [[Landan]].<ref name="Calder">{{Cite web |last=Calder |first=Jean |date=14 November 2018 |title=Why we remember suffragette Minnie Turner |url=https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2018/11/14/why-we-remember-suffragette-minnie-turner/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Brighton and Hove News}}</ref> Ta gudanar da gidan baƙi a Brighton, "Sea View", wanda ya zama wurin hutu, amma kuma mafaka ga 'yan mata na Burtaniya waɗanda aka ɗaure su saboda dalilin zaɓen, da yawa waɗanda ke murmurewa daga ciyar da karfi. Masu zama sun hada da Lady Constance Bulwer-Lytton, Mary Jane Clarke, Emily Davison, Flora Drummond, [[Annie Kenney]], Mary Naylor, Christabel Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, Emmelin Pethick-Lawrence, [[Vera Wentworth]], da Ada Wright.<ref name="Brighton & Hove City Council">{{Cite web |title=Blue plaque for suffragette Minnie Turner |url=https://new.brighton-hove.gov.uk/news/2018/blue-plaque-suffragette-minnie-turner |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Brighton & Hove City Council |language=en}}</ref> Turner ta dauki bakuncin Minnie Baldock, kuma ta biya kudin tafiye-tafiye don tallafawa kokarin Mary Clarke na cikin gida a lokacin rani. An kama Turner sau biyu saboda shiga cikin zanga-zangar sufragist. A shekara ta 1910 an kama ta ne saboda zanga-zanga a waje da House of Commons na United Kingdom a ranar Black Friday . A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1911 an kama ta ne saboda karya taga a Ofishin Gida wanda ta sami hukuncin kwana 21 a gidan yarin Holloway . <ref name="Simkin">{{Cite web |last=Simkin |first=John |title=Minnie Turner |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/WturnerM.htm |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref> An baiwa Turner lambar yabo ta yunwa 'don jaruntaka' ta WSPU.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi barazanar windows din Turner a matsayin fansa a cikin katin waya da ba a san shi ba, daga 'WHAT HO ALF', kuma daya ko biyu sun karye. <nowiki>'an yi barazanar windows din da kansu a matsayin fansa a cikin katin waya da ba a san su ba, daga 'WHAT HO ALF', kuma daya ko biyu sun karye. </nowiki>Turner ya sanya bayanin kula a cikin windows da ya shafi yana cewa "Mazaunin maza. Yin koyi da shi ne mafi kyawun nau'in yabo."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Turner |first=Minnie |date= |title=Museum of London {{!}} Free museum in London |url=https://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/online/object/965483.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-01 |website=collections.museumoflondon.org.uk}}</ref> A shekara ta 1912, Emily Davison ta warke daga kwarewarta a kurkuku tare da Turner har sai da ta sami damar tafiya zuwa Northumberland don ganin mahaifiyarta. Turner ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa (NUWSS) Ƙungiyar Jama'a da Siyasa ta Mata (WSPU) da Ƙungiyar Tsayayya da Haraji ta Mata (WTRL). Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar girmamawa ta Kungiyar Mata ta Liberal a Brighton . <ref name="Simkin"/><ref name="Antoni">{{Cite web |last=Antoni |first=Karen |title=Celebrating 100 years since the Representation of the People Act, 1918-2018 |url=https://brightonmuseums.org.uk/discover/2018/02/05/celebrating-100-years-since-the-representation-of-the-people-act-1918-2018/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Discover |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814164704/https://brightonmuseums.org.uk/discover/2018/02/05/celebrating-100-years-since-the-representation-of-the-people-act-1918-2018/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Turner ya mutu a shekara ta 1948. <ref name="Simkin"/> == Kyauta == A cikin Shekaran 2018 an kaddamar da takardar shuɗi don girmama Turner a shafin yanar gizon "Sea View" a 13 Victoria Road, Brighton . <ref name="Brighton & Hove City Council"/> An haɗa "Holloway brooch" a cikin shekaru 100 na Gidan Tarihi na Brighton tun lokacin da Dokar Wakilin Jama'a, nune-nunen a Shekaran 1918-2018. <ref name="Antoni"/> Turner ta tarin takardun sakonni a cikin Gidan Tarihi na kasar London ya ba da haske game da rawar da take takawa ga mata masu gwagwarmaya a lokacin da suke da wuya. <ref name=":1"/> * Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} rc2y2ko2i0nzxfdyirxp5vyo2m7z19k 975184 975183 2026-11-02T15:16:24Z Saudarh2 14842 /* */ 975184 wikitext text/x-wiki Minnie Turner (6 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 1866 – Ta mutu a shekarar 1948) ta kasance wata mata ‘yar ƙasar Birtaniya da ta yi fafutukar neman ‘yancin mata (Suffragette). An san ta da gudanar da wani gidan saukar baki mai suna “Sea View” a birnin Brighton. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1911, an kama ta bisa laifin karya gilashin taga a ma’aikatar cikin gida ta Birtaniya (Home Office). Saboda haka, aka yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin kwanaki 21 a gidan yari na Holloway. == Tarihin Rayuwar ta == An haifi Turner Minnie Sarah Turner a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu 1866 a [[Landan]].<ref name="Calder">{{Cite web |last=Calder |first=Jean |date=14 November 2018 |title=Why we remember suffragette Minnie Turner |url=https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2018/11/14/why-we-remember-suffragette-minnie-turner/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Brighton and Hove News}}</ref> Ta gudanar da gidan baƙi a Brighton, "Sea View", wanda ya zama wurin hutu, amma kuma mafaka ga 'yan mata na Burtaniya waɗanda aka ɗaure su saboda dalilin zaɓen, da yawa waɗanda ke murmurewa daga ciyar da karfi. Masu zama sun hada da Lady Constance Bulwer-Lytton, Mary Jane Clarke, Emily Davison, Flora Drummond, [[Annie Kenney]], Mary Naylor, Christabel Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, Emmelin Pethick-Lawrence, [[Vera Wentworth]], da Ada Wright.<ref name="Brighton & Hove City Council">{{Cite web |title=Blue plaque for suffragette Minnie Turner |url=https://new.brighton-hove.gov.uk/news/2018/blue-plaque-suffragette-minnie-turner |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Brighton & Hove City Council |language=en}}</ref> Turner ta dauki bakuncin Minnie Baldock, kuma ta biya kudin tafiye-tafiye don tallafawa kokarin Mary Clarke na cikin gida a lokacin rani. An kama Turner sau biyu saboda shiga cikin zanga-zangar sufragist. A shekara ta 1910 an kama ta ne saboda zanga-zanga a waje da House of Commons na United Kingdom a ranar Black Friday . A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1911 an kama ta ne saboda karya taga a Ofishin Gida wanda ta sami hukuncin kwana 21 a gidan yarin Holloway . <ref name="Simkin">{{Cite web |last=Simkin |first=John |title=Minnie Turner |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/WturnerM.htm |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref> An baiwa Turner lambar yabo ta yunwa 'don jaruntaka' ta WSPU.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi barazanar windows din Turner a matsayin fansa a cikin katin waya da ba a san shi ba, daga 'WHAT HO ALF', kuma daya ko biyu sun karye. <nowiki>'an yi barazanar windows din da kansu a matsayin fansa a cikin katin waya da ba a san su ba, daga 'WHAT HO ALF', kuma daya ko biyu sun karye. </nowiki>Turner ya sanya bayanin kula a cikin windows da ya shafi yana cewa "Mazaunin maza. Yin koyi da shi ne mafi kyawun nau'in yabo."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Turner |first=Minnie |date= |title=Museum of London {{!}} Free museum in London |url=https://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/online/object/965483.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-01 |website=collections.museumoflondon.org.uk}}</ref> A shekara ta 1912, Emily Davison ta warke daga kwarewarta a kurkuku tare da Turner har sai da ta sami damar tafiya zuwa Northumberland don ganin mahaifiyarta. Turner ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa (NUWSS) Ƙungiyar Jama'a da Siyasa ta Mata (WSPU) da Ƙungiyar Tsayayya da Haraji ta Mata (WTRL). Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar girmamawa ta Kungiyar Mata ta Liberal a Brighton . <ref name="Simkin"/><ref name="Antoni">{{Cite web |last=Antoni |first=Karen |title=Celebrating 100 years since the Representation of the People Act, 1918-2018 |url=https://brightonmuseums.org.uk/discover/2018/02/05/celebrating-100-years-since-the-representation-of-the-people-act-1918-2018/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Discover |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814164704/https://brightonmuseums.org.uk/discover/2018/02/05/celebrating-100-years-since-the-representation-of-the-people-act-1918-2018/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Turner ya mutu a shekara ta 1948. <ref name="Simkin"/> == Kyauta == A cikin Shekaran 2018 an kaddamar da takardar shuɗi don girmama Turner a shafin yanar gizon "Sea View" a 13 Victoria Road, Brighton . <ref name="Brighton & Hove City Council"/> An haɗa "Holloway brooch" a cikin shekaru 100 na Gidan Tarihi na Brighton tun lokacin da Dokar Wakilin Jama'a, nune-nunen a Shekaran 1918-2018. <ref name="Antoni"/> Turner ta tarin takardun sakonni a cikin Gidan Tarihi na kasar London ya ba da haske game da rawar da take takawa ga mata masu gwagwarmaya a lokacin da suke da wuya. <ref name=":1"/> * Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} el5kk6w4extfbmlf9otq92ezxuv4kqg 975185 975184 2026-11-02T15:17:36Z Saudarh2 14842 /* */ 975185 wikitext text/x-wiki Minnie Turner (6 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 1866 – Ta mutu a shekarar 1948) ta kasance wata mata ‘yar ƙasar Birtaniya da ta yi fafutukar neman ‘yancin mata (Suffragette). An san ta da gudanar da wani gidan saukar baki mai suna “Sea View” a birnin kasar Brighton. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1911, an kama ta bisa laifin karya gilashin taga a ma’aikatar cikin gida ta Birtaniya (Home Office). Saboda haka, aka yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin kwanaki 21 a gidan yari na Holloway. == Tarihin Rayuwar ta == An haifi Turner Minnie Sarah Turner a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu 1866 a [[Landan]].<ref name="Calder">{{Cite web |last=Calder |first=Jean |date=14 November 2018 |title=Why we remember suffragette Minnie Turner |url=https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2018/11/14/why-we-remember-suffragette-minnie-turner/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Brighton and Hove News}}</ref> Ta gudanar da gidan baƙi a Brighton, "Sea View", wanda ya zama wurin hutu, amma kuma mafaka ga 'yan mata na Burtaniya waɗanda aka ɗaure su saboda dalilin zaɓen, da yawa waɗanda ke murmurewa daga ciyar da karfi. Masu zama sun hada da Lady Constance Bulwer-Lytton, Mary Jane Clarke, Emily Davison, Flora Drummond, [[Annie Kenney]], Mary Naylor, Christabel Pankhurst, Emmeline Pankhurst, Emmelin Pethick-Lawrence, [[Vera Wentworth]], da Ada Wright.<ref name="Brighton & Hove City Council">{{Cite web |title=Blue plaque for suffragette Minnie Turner |url=https://new.brighton-hove.gov.uk/news/2018/blue-plaque-suffragette-minnie-turner |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Brighton & Hove City Council |language=en}}</ref> Turner ta dauki bakuncin Minnie Baldock, kuma ta biya kudin tafiye-tafiye don tallafawa kokarin Mary Clarke na cikin gida a lokacin rani. An kama Turner sau biyu saboda shiga cikin zanga-zangar sufragist. A shekara ta 1910 an kama ta ne saboda zanga-zanga a waje da House of Commons na United Kingdom a ranar Black Friday . A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1911 an kama ta ne saboda karya taga a Ofishin Gida wanda ta sami hukuncin kwana 21 a gidan yarin Holloway . <ref name="Simkin">{{Cite web |last=Simkin |first=John |title=Minnie Turner |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/WturnerM.htm |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref> An baiwa Turner lambar yabo ta yunwa 'don jaruntaka' ta WSPU.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi barazanar windows din Turner a matsayin fansa a cikin katin waya da ba a san shi ba, daga 'WHAT HO ALF', kuma daya ko biyu sun karye. <nowiki>'an yi barazanar windows din da kansu a matsayin fansa a cikin katin waya da ba a san su ba, daga 'WHAT HO ALF', kuma daya ko biyu sun karye. </nowiki>Turner ya sanya bayanin kula a cikin windows da ya shafi yana cewa "Mazaunin maza. Yin koyi da shi ne mafi kyawun nau'in yabo."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Turner |first=Minnie |date= |title=Museum of London {{!}} Free museum in London |url=https://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/online/object/965483.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-01 |website=collections.museumoflondon.org.uk}}</ref> A shekara ta 1912, Emily Davison ta warke daga kwarewarta a kurkuku tare da Turner har sai da ta sami damar tafiya zuwa Northumberland don ganin mahaifiyarta. Turner ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa (NUWSS) Ƙungiyar Jama'a da Siyasa ta Mata (WSPU) da Ƙungiyar Tsayayya da Haraji ta Mata (WTRL). Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar girmamawa ta Kungiyar Mata ta Liberal a Brighton . <ref name="Simkin"/><ref name="Antoni">{{Cite web |last=Antoni |first=Karen |title=Celebrating 100 years since the Representation of the People Act, 1918-2018 |url=https://brightonmuseums.org.uk/discover/2018/02/05/celebrating-100-years-since-the-representation-of-the-people-act-1918-2018/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Discover |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814164704/https://brightonmuseums.org.uk/discover/2018/02/05/celebrating-100-years-since-the-representation-of-the-people-act-1918-2018/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Turner ya mutu a shekara ta 1948. <ref name="Simkin"/> == Kyauta == A cikin Shekaran 2018 an kaddamar da takardar shuɗi don girmama Turner a shafin yanar gizon "Sea View" a 13 Victoria Road, Brighton . <ref name="Brighton & Hove City Council"/> An haɗa "Holloway brooch" a cikin shekaru 100 na Gidan Tarihi na Brighton tun lokacin da Dokar Wakilin Jama'a, nune-nunen a Shekaran 1918-2018. <ref name="Antoni"/> Turner ta tarin takardun sakonni a cikin Gidan Tarihi na kasar London ya ba da haske game da rawar da take takawa ga mata masu gwagwarmaya a lokacin da suke da wuya. <ref name=":1"/> * Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} hs2hi4ho7typpxmkv8dnhmmsjce0l02 0 164435 975396 902848 2026-11-02T22:18:22Z Salma Raddah 45959 975396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ekem Emmanuel John''' ɗan siyasar [[Najeriya]] ne, likitan lafiya kuma ma’aikacin gwamnati, wanda ke aiki a matsayin Kwamishina '''a''' [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]]. An nada shi a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2025. == Ayyuka == Kafin nadin sa a matsayin Kwamishinan Lafiya, John ya yi aiki a matsayin likita a Jihar Akwa Ibom . <ref name="Leaderbox">{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel John Ekem |url=https://leaderbox.africa/leaders/emmanuel-john-ekem |access-date=29 November 2025 |website=Leaderbox Africa}}</ref> Ekem ya hau mulki a matsayin Kwamishinan Lafiya a watan Fabrairun 2025 bayan rantsar da shi da Gwamna Umo Eno ya yi. == Taimako == John shine wanda ya kafa Gidauniyar Ekem Emmanuel John, shirin tallafi na ilimi ga dalibai a [[Oruk Anam]], Jihar Akwa Ibom . == Dubi kuma == * [[Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Jihar Akwa Ibom]] * Kwamitin zartarwa na Jihar Akwa Ibom == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Likitocin Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] c04ix2hyd6dujnbkbo2h0a71u4i28sq 0 167033 975381 920367 2026-11-02T21:40:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975381 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Futuro Forestal S.A.''' kamfani ne na sake gina gandun daji na Jamus da Panama wanda ke aiki a Latin Amurka. An kafa shi a 1994 a Panama, yana da hedikwatar a Panama City. Futuro Forestal yana mai da hankali kan tasirin saka hannun jari a masana'antar gandun daji ta wurare masu zafi. Har zuwa yau, kamfanin ya dasa sama da hekta 8,000 na [[Tak|teak]] da tsire-tsire masu tsayi a kan gandun daji da aka sare, sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin ma'auni na Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Impact_Investment_Management.png|right|thumb|Tasirin Za a iya Kasuwanci: Daga Layin kasa uku zuwa Tasirin Kasuwanci]] Futuro Forestal an kafa shi ne a cikin 1994 da Andreas Eke da Iliana Armién. Tun daga wannan lokacin, kamfanin ya ci gaba daga karamin saka hannun jari zuwa kungiyar gudanar da saka hannun jari ta katako zuwa kamfanin [[Gandun -Daji|gandun daji]] mai tasiri tare da ma'aikata 2,500. * 1994: Futuro Forestal ya fara sake dasa bishiyoyi na farko, wanda ake kira "Proyecto Madera Fina" (Engl.: kyakkyawan aikin katako), tare da hekta 9 a [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]]. * 1998: A matsayin kamfani na farko a Panama, Futuro Forestal ya shafi FSC-standard. * 1998: Futuro Forestal ya sauya a matsayin kamfani na farko a duk duniya kasuwanci-da-kasuwanci-ma'amala daga sake dasa bishiyoyi zuwa kasuwar bashi na carbon. * 2001: Bude sabbin ofisoshi da ɗakin yara a Las Lajas, Chiriquí, Panama. * 2003 & 2004: An kiyasta sake gina gandun daji na Futuro Forestal a matsayin mafi kyawun saka hannun jari na gandun daji a Latin Amurka ta hanyar hukumar SICIREC (abbr., span.: Sistemas de Circulación Ecológica, engl.: tsarin sake zagayowar [[Ecology|muhalli]]).<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Green Investing, Cleantech Investing, Renewable Energy Investing |url=http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/progressiveinvestor.sample/id/52/sectionid/241 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225100850/http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/progressiveinvestor.sample/id/52/sectionid/241 |archive-date=2014-02-25 |access-date=2014-03-02 |publisher=Sustainablebusiness.com}}</ref> * 2005: Futuro Forestal ya kawo jigilar farko na katako mai takardar shaidar FSC zuwa kasuwa. Da yake magana game da Jagwood+, sayar da katako daga [[Tak|teak]] da rawaya ya kawo farashi mafi girma (US $ 120 / m³) fiye da "[...] itace mai laushi mara takardar shaidar (yawanci kusan 50-70 US $) <ref>Jagwood+ {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://data2.blog.de/media/377/1161377_7d8f9dadd3_d.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225012117/http://data2.blog.de/media/377/1161377_7d8f9dadd3_d.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-25 |access-date=2014-02-21}}</ref>". * 2006: Metafore Innovation Award for Futuro Forestal's "[...] WoodStockInvest program, wanda ke ba masu saka hannun jari a duniya damar mallakar gandun daji, saka hannun jari cikin samfurin amfanin gona mai girma da kuma ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban zamantakewa da muhalli a Amurka ta tsakiya. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-05-15 |title=Metafore Announces Recipients of Inaugural Innovation Awards |url=http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/metafore-announces-recipients-of-inaugural-innovation-awards-681903.htm |access-date=2014-03-02 |publisher=Marketwired.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227022853/http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/metafore-announces-recipients-of-inaugural-innovation-awards-681903.htm |archive-date=2014-02-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2006/2007: Futuro Forestal ya fadada ayyukansa zuwa Nicaragua kuma ya fara shirin sake dasa bishiyoyi tare da hadin gwiwar Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC). * 2008: Futuro Forestal ta sayar da gandun daji na saka hannun jari ga mai kwangila na dogon lokaci na Forest Finance. A cewar Forest Finance gandun daji-yanki na Futuro Forestal ya kawo mafi girma kudi fiye da yadda ake tsammani a cikin hasashen kudaden shiga. * 2009: Kamfanin Zuba Jari na Jamus (Jamusanci: Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft, abbr.: DEG) da Futuro Forestal sun fara shirin ilimin muhalli don makarantun firamare a Nicaragua. * 2011: Kamfanin ya yanke shawarar sake mayar da hankali ga kokarinsa a matsayin kamfanin kula da saka hannun jari. Don sanya shi bayyane ga Masu ruwa da tsaki, Futuro Forestal ya sake tabbatar da goyon bayansa ga Ka'idoji Goma na Yarjejeniyar Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. * 2012: The Global Exchange for Social Investment (GEXSI) da Futuro Forestal sun kafa haɗin gwiwa. Ta hanyarsa, za a karɓi kwarewar Futuro Forestal da hanyarsa don aikin katako mai zuwa a [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]]. == Ayyuka == Futuro Forestal yana ba da sabis na sake gina gandun daji mai dorewa ciki har da gudanar da saka hannun jari na katako, gyaran yanayin halittu, aiwatar da aikin Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), da kuma ayyukan zamantakewa kamar ilimi ga al'ummomin karkara. [[Fayil:Teakplantation.JPG|thumb|Shekaru 2 da aka sake gina gandun daji na Futuro Forestal tare da teak.]] === Kasuwancin katako === Futuro Forestal yana haɓaka shuke-shuke waɗanda suka haɗa da nau'ikan katako na asali waɗanda suka dace da takamaiman yanayin ƙasa don haɓaka wurare daban-daban don namun daji yayin rarraba yankuna masu mahimmanci don kare muhalli. Bugu da ƙari, kamfanin shine na farko da ya sayar da ƙididdigar carbon daga sake dasa bishiyoyi a matsayin kasuwanci a Panama " (Montagnini 2005, shafi na 181).&nbsp; == Manazarta == sx8bsxpxjyjcw5uc830mnlohwj7hso8 0 167797 975424 924227 2026-11-03T01:22:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wuraren Tarihi na Rayayyun Halittu''' ana sanar da su game da muhimmancin [[bambancin halittu]] a Indiya. Gwamnatin Jihar Indiya za ta iya sanar da Wuraren Gado na Rayayyun Halittu ta hanyar tattaunawa da hukumomin kula da yankunan da abin ya shafa a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 37 na Dokar Rayayyun Halittu ta 2002 . Ana ɗaukar waɗannan yankuna a matsayin na musamman kuma masu rauni a cikin tsarin halittu. Suna iya zama ko dai na ƙasa, na bakin teku da na cikin ƙasa ko kuma na yanayin halittu na ruwa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS) {{!}} Environment & Forest {{!}} Government Of Assam, India |url=https://environmentandforest.assam.gov.in/information-services/biodiversity-heritage-sites-bhs-0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124032742/https://environmentandforest.assam.gov.in/information-services/biodiversity-heritage-sites-bhs-0 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=environmentandforest.assam.gov.in}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Biodiversity Heritage Sites |url=http://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/bhs_8650.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927160000/http://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/bhs_8650.aspx |archive-date=27 September 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=wiienvis.nic.in}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 December 2018 |title=Biodiversity Heritage Sites In India And Why We Need To Know About Them |url=https://www.outlooktraveller.com/experiences/nature/biodiversity-heritage-sites-in-india-and-why-we-need-to-know-about-them |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410135424/https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/69271/biodiversity-heritage-sites-in-india-and-why-we-need-to-know-about-them |archive-date=10 April 2021 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=Outlook Traveller}}</ref> == Gujarat == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin Wuraren Gado na Rayayyun Halittu a [[Gujarat]] ! A'a. ! Sunan Shafin aritapatti da minakshipuram gaon ! Jiha ! Gundumar ! Taluka ! Wuri ! Yanki ! Muhimmanci ! Nassoshi |- | 1 | Mangroves na cikin gida (an gabatar) | [[Gujarat]] | Kutch | Lakhpat | Guneri | {{Convert|33|ha|km2}} | Mangroves masu wuya a cikin ƙasa. Chinkara, tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura da kuma ratel. | <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Dabhi |first=Parimal |date=6 December 2018 |title=Gujarat may soon declare its first biodiversity heritage sites |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat-may-soon-declare-its-first-biodiversity-heritage-sites-5481265/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009180557/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat-may-soon-declare-its-first-biodiversity-heritage-sites-5481265/ |archive-date=9 October 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2 | Dajin mangwaro na asali (an gabatar da shawarar) | [[Gujarat]] | Dangi | | Chinchli | {{Convert|2357|ha|km2}} | Bishiyoyin mangwaro 2708. Wurin da ake samun bambancin halittu. | <ref name=":8" /> |} == Haryana == * Aravallis da Shiwaliks == Himachal Pradesh == {| class="wikitable sortable" !No. !Name of the Site !State !District !Taluka !Locality !Area !Importance !Reference |- |1 |Sacred grove at Sural Bhatori Monastery, Block Pangi, District Chamba |[[Himachal Pradesh]] |Chamba |Pangi |Sural |07-15-00 |A patch of Betula utilis or Bhojpatra trees with some interspersed Willow trees. Dominant shrubs and herbs: Rosa species, Lonicera species, Sorbus species, Agropyron longearistatum, Festuca species, Primula denticulata, Polygonatum verticillatum, Plantago asiatica, Heracleum candicans, Berberis species, Artemisia species, Bunium persicum etc. Major faunal species, in the surrounding area: Snow Leopard, Brown Bear, Tibetan Wolf, Ibex etc. |https://web.archive.org/web/20241015093053/https://hpbiodiversity.gov.in/BMC/Rajpatra%20of%20Himachal%20Pradesh%20(BHS).pdf |- |2 |High altitude meadow at Muhal Dhar Shinkal, Gram Panchayat Hudan Bhatori, Block Pangi, District Chamba |[[Himachal Pradesh]] |Chamba |Pangi |Hudan |108-00-00 |Cotoneaster species, Lonicera species, Sorbus species, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromusasper, Festuca species, Poa species, Primula denticulata, Picrorhiza kurroa, Anemone species, Iris species, Artemisia species, Lonicera species, Bunium persicum, Jurinea macrocephala etc. Important floral species recorded in the area: Picrorhiza kurroa, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Aconitum heterophyllum, Podophyllum hexandrum and Saussurea costus (cultivated). Major faunal species, in the region: Snow Leopard, Brown Bear, Black Bear, Tibetan Wolf, Himalayan Marmot, Ibex and Royle’s Pika |https://web.archive.org/web/20241015093053/https://hpbiodiversity.gov.in/BMC/Rajpatra%20of%20Himachal%20Pradesh%20(BHS).pdf |- |3 |Birch-pine forest patch at Nain Gahar village, Gram Panchayat Mooring, SubTehsil Udaipur, District Lahaul & Spiti |[[Himachal Pradesh]] |Lahaul & Spiti |Udaipur |Nain Gahar |151 Bighas |Main trees are Himalayan Birch (Betula utilis) and Blue Pine (Pinus wallichiiana). A few middle aged trees of West Himalayan Spruce (Picea smithiana), Deodar (Cedrus deodara) and Juniper (Juniperus species) are interspersed in the proposed patch. Besides, Willow (Salix species) and Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae salicifolia) are also present in the site. The proposed site also includes a very good patch of grassy area, which supports a very good population of important medicinal and aromatic plants like Picrorhiza kurroa, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Aconitum heterophyllum, Podophyllum hexandrum, Aconitum violaceum, Bunium persicum, Hippophae rhamnoides etc. Indirect evidence indicate the presence of important faunal species like Snow Leopard, Himalayan Brown Bear, Asiatic Black Bear, Himalayan Red Fox, Asiatic Ibex, Himalayan Musk Deer and Royle’s Pika in suitable season of the year. Threatened bird species, the Himalayan Griffon (Gyps himalayensis) and Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) have also been reported from the area. According to Trevor, 2019 (unpublished), Nain Gahar’s birch forest patch appears to be a point of meeting of Kashmir elements and Himalayan elements of avifaunal species, with at least two bird species forming hybrid zones there, namely, Greenish Warbler (Phylloscopus trochiloides viridanus and Phylloscopus trochiloides plumbeitarsus) an important ring species, and Variegated Laughing Thrush (Trochalopteron variegatum). |https://web.archive.org/web/20241015093053/https://hpbiodiversity.gov.in/BMC/Rajpatra%20of%20Himachal%20Pradesh%20(BHS).pdf |} == Karnataka == == Kerala == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+List of Biodiversity Heritage Sites in [[Kerala]] !No. !Name of the Site !State !District !Taluka !Locality !Area !Importance !Reference |- |1 |Pannivelichira |[[Kerala]] |Pathanamthitta | |Mallappuzhassery |{{Convert|62|acre|km2}} |Migratory and endemic birds. Water dyke used for irrigation. Wetland ecosystem. |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karunakaran |first=Binu |date=7 November 2019 |title=Kerala to get its 1st local biodiversity heritage site |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kerala-to-get-its-1st-local-biodiversity-heritage-site/articleshow/71945913.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131215612/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kerala-to-get-its-1st-local-biodiversity-heritage-site/articleshow/71945913.cms |archive-date=31 January 2020 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020 |title=Key Achievements 2016-2020 |url=https://www.keralabiodiversity.org/images/2020/June/key_achievementsbook.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522075031/https://www.keralabiodiversity.org/images/2020/June/key_achievementsbook.pdf |archive-date=2021-05-22 |access-date= |website= |publisher=Kerala Biodiversity Board |page=16}}</ref> |- |2 |Asramam |[[Kerala]] |Kollam | | |{{Convert|250|acre|km2}} |190 years old British Residency, rare varieties of mangrove spread on residency complex and the creek of Ashtamudi Lake.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2017 |title=State's first biodiversity heritage site in Kollam |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/states-first-biodiversity-heritage-site-in-kollam/article19373028.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109015341/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/states-first-biodiversity-heritage-site-in-kollam/article19373028.ece |archive-date=9 November 2020 |access-date=22 August 2017 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> | |- |3 |Cashew tree at the Nombizhi LP School |[[Kerala]] |Pathanamthitta | |Pandalam Thekkerkara | |200-years old cashew nut tree in Ward 5 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ksbbchairman Ksbb |url=https://www.facebook.com/ksbbchairman/posts/147763549842739 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610035740/https://www.facebook.com/ksbbchairman/posts/147763549842739 |archive-date=10 June 2024 |access-date=11 February 2020 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> |- |4 |Pathiramanal |[[Kerala]] |Alappuzha | |Muhamma | |Island in Vembanad lake. Has 4 species of fresh water mangroves, 160 species of flowering and 9 of ferns. 5 species of mammals, 18 of amphibians, 12 of reptiles, 89 of birds, 106 of butterflies, 72 types of small plants, 13 of creepers are found. 120 species of water. |<ref>{{Cite web |last=P. S. |first=Sajimon |date=28 October 2020 |title=Kerala: Pathiramanal declared as first local biodiversity heritage site of Alappuzha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kerala-pathiramanal-declared-as-first-local-biodiversity-heritage-site-of-alappuzha/articleshow/78917254.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029022811/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kerala-pathiramanal-declared-as-first-local-biodiversity-heritage-site-of-alappuzha/articleshow/78917254.cms |archive-date=29 October 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- |5 |Pandalam trees |Kerala |Pathanamthitta | |Pandalam municipality | |16 trees (heronries) in town |<ref name=":6" /> |- |6 |Chempaka trees in Ward 2 |Kerala |Thiruvananthapuram | |Anchuthengu | |Two Chempaka trees (250 years old) |<ref name=":6" /> |- |7 |Nattumavu tree |Kerala |Thiruvananthapuram | |Chirayinkeezhu | |150 years old tree in Ward 5 |<ref name=":6" /> |- |8 |Kadalkandam and Poovanam |Kerala |Thiruvananthapuram | |Mudakkal | |a wetland and a two hundred-year-old tree |<ref name=":6" /> |- |9 |Nattumavu tree |Kerala |Kottayam | |Ayarkunnam | |200 years old tree |<ref name=":6" /> |- |10 |Eeyyabharanithuruthu |Kerala |Kannur | |Alakkode | |island in the Kuppampuzha with biodiversity |<ref name=":6" /> |- |11 |Arattuchira |Kerala |Pathanamthitta | |Pallikkal | |wetland ecosystem |<ref name=":6" /> |- |12 |Thudiyurulippara hill |Kerala |Pathanamthitta | |Pramadom |17.98 acres and 7.6 acres |Hill |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karunakaran |first=Binu |date=29 July 2020 |title=Pathanamthitta gets its third biodiversity heritage site |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/pathanamthitta-gets-its-third-biodiversity-heritage-site/articleshow/77236628.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731105415/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/pathanamthitta-gets-its-third-biodiversity-heritage-site/articleshow/77236628.cms |archive-date=31 July 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> |} == Madhya Pradesh == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin Wuraren Gado na Rayayyun Halittu a [[Madhya Pradesh]] ! A'a. ! Sunan Shafin ! Jiha ! Gundumar ! Taluka ! Wuri ! Yanki ! Muhimmanci ! Nassoshi |- | 1 | Tuddan Naro | [[Madhya Pradesh]] | Satna | | | {{Convert|200|ha|km2}} | Musamman a fannin ilimin ƙasa da kuma bambancinsa. Yana da nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. | <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=National Biodiversity Authority - Biodiversity Heritage Site |url=http://nbaindia.org/content/106/29/1/bhs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205193237/http://nbaindia.org/content/106/29/1/bhs.html |archive-date=5 February 2020 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=nbaindia.org}}</ref> |- | 2 | Patalkot | [[Madhya Pradesh]] | Chhindwara | Tamia | | {{Convert|8367.49|ha|km2}} | Zurfin kwari mai tsawon ƙafa 1700. Kimanin shekaru miliyan 6 da suka gabata - tsarin halittu. Ana kuma samun nau'ikan Bryophyte da Pteridopyte da sauran nau'ikan halittu masu ban mamaki. | <ref name=":2" /> |- | 3 | Tafkin Sirpur (an gabatar) | [[Madhya Pradesh]] | Indore | Indore | [[Indore]] | eka 800 | Nau'ikan tsuntsaye 130 da ke fuskantar barazanar karewa | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sirpur Lake, Indore's only green lung, to become biodiversity heritage site |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/sirpur-lake-indores-only-green-lung-to-become-biodiversity-heritage-site |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609182309/https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/sirpur-lake-indores-only-green-lung-to-become-biodiversity-heritage-site |archive-date=9 June 2021 |access-date=9 June 2021 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> |} == Maharashtra == == Punjab == Jerin Wuraren Gado na Bambancin Halittu a [[Odisha]] {| class="wikitable sortable" !A'a. ! Sunan Shafin ! Jiha ! Gundumar ! Taluka ! Wuri ! Yanki ! Muhimmanci ! Nassoshi |- | 1 | Kaya Kalp Vriksh (Great Banyan Tree) | [[Punjab (Indiya)|Punjab]] | Fatehgarh Sahib | Khera Mandal | Cholti Kheri | {{Convert|3.5|acre|km2}} | Itacen banyan mai shekaru 300 | <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2 March 2020 |title=Biodiversity Rich Areas or Sites |url=http://punenvis.nic.in/index2.aspx?slid=5805&mid=1&langid=1&sublinkid=986 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124094450/http://punenvis.nic.in/index2.aspx?slid=5805&mid=1&langid=1&sublinkid=986 |archive-date=24 January 2021 |access-date= |website=ENVIS Centre : Punjab}}</ref> <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2017 |title='Great Banyan Tree' in Fatehgarh Sahib to be Punjab's 1st biodiversity heritage site |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/great-banyan-tree-in-fatehgarh-sahib-to-be-punjab-s-1st-biodiversity-heritage-site/story-x3t6cAPOH5kFi50bHfmzdI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610035720/https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/great-banyan-tree-in-fatehgarh-sahib-to-be-punjab-s-1st-biodiversity-heritage-site/story-x3t6cAPOH5kFi50bHfmzdI.html |archive-date=10 June 2024 |access-date=11 February 2020 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> |} == Odisha == {| class="wikitable sortable" !A'a. ! Sunan Shafin ! Jiha ! Gundumar ! Taluka ! Wuri ! Yanki ! Muhimmanci ! Nassoshi |- | 1 | Mandasaru | [[Odisha]] | Kandhamal | Raikia | | {{Convert|528|ha|km2}} | Kwarin Mandasaru yana da nau'ikan fungi, shuke-shuke, da dabbobi 1563. | <ref name=":2" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biodiversity Conservation Takes Precedence in Odisha's Silent Valley |url=https://thewire.in/environment/biodiversity-conservation-takes-precedence-in-odishas-silent-valley |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609175413/https://thewire.in/environment/biodiversity-conservation-takes-precedence-in-odishas-silent-valley |archive-date=9 June 2021 |access-date=9 June 2021 |website=The Wire}}</ref> |- | 2 | Tudun Mahendragiri | [[Odisha]] | Gajapati | | | Hekta 4250 | Jimillar nau'ikan tsirrai 1,358, ciki har da nau'ikan angiosperms 1,042 a ƙarƙashin iyalai 122, nau'ikan pteridophytes 60, nau'ikan bryophytes 104, nau'ikan lichens 53 da nau'ikan macro-fungi 72 da nau'ikan gymnosperms 2 da ke faruwa a cikin yanayin tsaunuka. | <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2023 |title=Odisha's historic Gandhamardan Hills declared as biodiversity heritage site |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/odishas-historic-gandhamardan-hills-declared-as-biodiversity-heritage-site/articleshow/98966162.cms?from=mdr#:~:text=Odisha's%20Gandhamardan%20Hill%20range%2C%20known,%2C%20Environment%2C%20and%20Climate%20Change. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326123937/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/odishas-historic-gandhamardan-hills-declared-as-biodiversity-heritage-site/articleshow/98966162.cms?from=mdr#:~:text=Odisha's%20Gandhamardan%20Hill%20range%2C%20known,%2C%20Environment%2C%20and%20Climate%20Change. |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> |- | 3 | Tudun Gandhamardan | [[Odisha]] | Balangir, Bargarh | | | | Gandhamardan, wanda aka fi sani da "aljanna ayurvedic," ya shahara sosai. Yana gida ne ga nau'ikan tsire-tsire 1,200, nau'ikan dabbobi 500, da kuma nau'ikan bishiyoyi da yawa, bishiyoyi, ganye, da kuma nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu magani. | <ref name=":14" /> |} == Rajasthan == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin Wuraren Gado na Rarraba Halittu a [[Rajasthan]] ! A'a. ! Sunan Shafin ! Jiha ! Gundumar ! Taluka ! Wuri ! Yanki ! Muhimmanci ! Nassoshi |- | 1 | Filin Kayayyakin Akal Wood | [[Rajasthan]] | Jaisalmer | | | | | <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Biodiversity Heritage Sites |url=http://environment.rajasthan.gov.in/content/environment/en/rsbb/intiatives/biodiversity-heritage-sites.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210072113/http://environment.rajasthan.gov.in/content/environment/en/rsbb/intiatives/biodiversity-heritage-sites.html |archive-date=10 February 2020 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=environment.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref> |- | 2 | Keora-ki-nal | [[Rajasthan]] | Udaipur | | | | | <ref name=":4" /> |- | 3 | Ram-kunda | [[Rajasthan]] | Udaipur | | | | | <ref name=":4" /> |- | 4 | Nag-pahar | [[Rajasthan]] | [[Gundumar Ajmer|Ajmer]] | | | | | <ref name=":4" /> |- | 5 | Chhapoli- Mansa Mata | [[Rajasthan]] | Jhunjhunu | | | | | <ref name=":4" /> |} == Yammacin Bengal == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+List of Biodiversity Heritage Sites in [[Bengal ta Yamma|West Bengal]] !No. !Name of the Site !State !District !Taluka !Locality !Area !Importance !Reference |- |1 |Tonglu |[[Bengal ta Yamma|West Bengal]] |Darjeeling | | |{{Convert|230|ha|km2}} |Medicinal plant conservation areas |<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> |- |2 |Dhotrey |[[Bengal ta Yamma|West Bengal]] |Darjeeling | | |{{Convert|180|ha|km2}} |Medicinal plant conservation areas |<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> |- |3 |Chilkigarh Kanak Durga |[[Bengal ta Yamma|West Bengal]] |Jhargram |Chilkigarh |Chilkigarh |{{Convert|55.9|acre|km2}} ({{Convert|1969|m|ft}} perimeter) |A sacred grove rich in biodiversity. |<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /> |- |4 |Baneswar Shiva Dighi waterbody |[[Bengal ta Yamma|West Bengal]] |Cooch Behar | |Baneswar | |Rare Black Softshell Turtle habitat |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengal forms Rs 120 cr plan to protect East Kolkata Wetlands |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/bengal-forms-rs-120-cr-plan-to-protect-east-kolkata-wetlands/2096662 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609175415/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/bengal-forms-rs-120-cr-plan-to-protect-east-kolkata-wetlands/2096662 |archive-date=9 June 2021 |access-date=9 June 2021 |website=Outlook India}}</ref> |} == A wasu jihohi == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+List of Biodiversity Heritage Sites in other states !No. !Name of the Site !State !District !Taluka !Locality !Area !Importance !Reference |- |1 |Dialong Village |[[Manipur]] |Tamenglong | | |{{Convert|1135|ha|km2}} | |<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> |- |2 |Ameenpur lake |[[Telangana]] |Sangareddy | |Ameenpur |{{Convert|93|acre|km2}} |300 years old artificial lake with resident and migratory birds |<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2017 |title=India's First Urban Biodiversity Heritage Site - A Ray of Hope for Lake Conservationists |url=http://www.earthamag.org/stories/2017/6/21/indias-first-urban-biodiversity-heritage-tag-a-ray-of-hope-for-lake-conservationists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112034330/http://www.earthamag.org/stories/2017/6/21/indias-first-urban-biodiversity-heritage-tag-a-ray-of-hope-for-lake-conservationists |archive-date=12 January 2020 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=EARTHA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> |- |3 |Majuli |[[Assam]] |Majuli | | |{{Convert|216300|acre|km2}} |A river island in the Brahmaputra river with ecological and cultural importance. |<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> |- |4 |Gharial Rehabilitation Centre |[[Uttar Pradesh]] |Lucknow | |Kukrail Reserve Forest |{{Convert|10|ha|km2}} |A centre for conservation and rehabilitation of Gharial. |<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /> |- |5 |Khlaw Kur Syiem KmieIng |[[Meghalaya]] |Ri-Bhoi |Umling |Dorbar |{{Convert|16.05|ha|km2}} |Natural habitats with biodiversity. Sacred grove having monoliths and religious places. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biodiversity Heritage Sites {{!}} Official website of Meghalaya Biodiversity Board, Government of Meghalaya, India |url=http://megbiodiversity.nic.in/biodiversity-heritage-sites |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031025550/http://megbiodiversity.nic.in/biodiversity-heritage-sites |archive-date=31 October 2019 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=megbiodiversity.nic.in}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> |- |6 |Purvatali Rai |[[Goa]] |North Goa |Bicholim |Surla |{{Convert|7300|m2|km2}} |Sacred Grove |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kerkar |first=Rajendra P. |author-link=Rajendra P. Kerkar |date=14 December 2019 |title=Grove in Surla is Goa's first biodiversity heritage site |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/grove-in-surla-is-goas-1st-biodiversity-heritage-site/articleshow/72555055.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916231519/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/grove-in-surla-is-goas-1st-biodiversity-heritage-site/articleshow/72555055.cms |archive-date=16 September 2020 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> |- |7 |Arittapatti hillocks (2022), Melur |[[Tamil Nadu]] |[[Madurai district, Madurai]] | | | |Seven hillocks with several water bodies. Many birds, raptors. |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2021 |title=Arittapatti hillocks near Madurai's Melur to be declared biodiversity heritage site {{!}} Madurai News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/arittapatti-hillocks-to-be-declared-biodiversity-heritage-site/articleshow/80065275.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609180513/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/arittapatti-hillocks-to-be-declared-biodiversity-heritage-site/articleshow/80065275.cms |archive-date=9 June 2021 |access-date=9 June 2021 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Vagaikulam, Arittapatty to be bio-heritage sites |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/dec/10/vagaikulam-arittapatty-to-be-bio-heritage-sites-2234144.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609182309/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/dec/10/vagaikulam-arittapatty-to-be-bio-heritage-sites-2234144.html |archive-date=9 June 2021 |access-date=9 June 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> |- |8 |Vagaikulam (proposed) |[[Tamil Nadu]] |Tirunelveli | |Vagaikulam | |Birds |<ref name=":13" /> |- |9 | |<ref name=":13" /> |} == Manazarta == lu8ts8jkvzvk79343a3roz3uxfiy7w1 0 168086 975186 953305 2026-11-02T15:30:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Emmanuel Niyoyabikoze (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Disamba 1994 a Bubanza, Burundi) mace ce mai juna biyu kuma [[Gudanar da muhalli|mai fafutukar kare muhalli]]. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar Greening Burundi, wacce ke aiki don sake gina gandun daji, [[Kare Muhalli|Kare muhalli]] da inganta Ci gaba mai ɗorewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Niyoyabikoze, le soldat de l'environnement – IWACU |url=https://www.iwacu-burundi.org/emmanuel-niyoyabikoze-le-soldat-de-lenvironnement/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=www.iwacu-burundi.org}}</ref> Ta hanyar wannan kungiyar, yana jagorantar ayyukan cikin gida da ke mai da hankali kan yaki da [[tasirin canjin yanayi]], musamman dasa bishiyoyi da inganta wayar da kan jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trupin |first=Elias Ross |date=21 July 2021 |title=Emmanuel Niyoyabikoze: Reforesting Burundi is a Holistic Solution |url=https://www.ladderworks.co/blogs/spiffys-blog/emmanuel-niyoyabikoze-reforesting-burundi-is-a-holistic-solution |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=Ladderworks |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Emmanuel Niyoyabikoze a cikin iyalin manoma a Bubanza, [[Burundi]] . Yaronsa ya kasance alama ce ta sakamakon Yaƙin basasar Burundi (1993-2005), wanda ya shafi ababen more rayuwa sosai, wanda ya haifar da rushewar gandun daji da lalacewar yanayin halittu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=akeza.net – Emmanuel Niyoyabikoze |url=https://akeza.net/tag/emmanuel-niyoyabikoze/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Tun yana ƙarami, ya ci gaba da sha'awar [[Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli|Batutuwan muhalli]]. A cewar wasu kafofin, ya fara [[Shuka itace|dasa bishiyoyi]] yana da shekaru takwas don yaki da sare daji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Niyoyabikoze, jeune « verdoyeur » |url=https://burundi-eco.com/emmanuel-niyoyabikoze-jeune-verdoyeur/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=Burundi Eco |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Niyoyabikoze ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar haihuwa daga Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Burundi . Daga baya ya kammala ƙarin horo a cikin kula da yanayin halittu da kiyaye gandun daji, gami da darasi a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2020 |title=Around the world, Cornell fellows guide climate action {{!}} CALS |url=https://cals.cornell.edu/news/2020/02/around-world-cornell-fellows-guide-climate-action |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=cals.cornell.edu |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Yayinda yake matashi, Niyoyabikoze ya lura da mummunan tasirin sare daji a kan Al'ummomin karkara a yankin sa. Wadannan abubuwan lura sun sa ya shirya kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a da kuma shirye-shiryen dasa bishiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiredearth {{!}} Emmanuel Niyoyabikoze |url=https://tiredearth.com/experts/emmanuel-niyoyabikoze |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214041419/https://tiredearth.com/experts/emmanuel-niyoyabikoze |archive-date=14 December 2024 |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=tiredearth.com |language=en}}</ref> Duk da iyakantaccen albarkatu, ya kafa aikin Greening Burundi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Greening Burundi – Join For Water |url=https://joinforwater.ngo/en/partners/greening-burundi/#:~:text=As%20a%20partner%20of%20Join,insecurity;%20raising%20awareness%20of%20the |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=joinforwater.ngo}}</ref> wani shiri na inganta sake gina gandun daji da dorewar muhalli. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Piggios |first=Daniela |date=4 January 2019 |title=Burundi: So möchte ein Student aus der Wüste eine Oase machen |url=https://nur-positive-nachrichten.de/positive-nachrichten/so-moechte-ein-student-aus-der-wueste-eine-oase-machen |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=Nur positive Nachrichten |language=de-de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226153810/https://nur-positive-nachrichten.de/positive-nachrichten/so-moechte-ein-student-aus-der-wueste-eine-oase-machen |archive-date=26 December 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan aikin yana neman [[Rage canjin yanayi|rage tasirin canjin yanayi]] ta hanyar ayyukan dasa bishiyoyi da [[Shirin Ilimi|shirye-shiryen ilimi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Greening Burundi Project |url=https://www.climate-chance.org/bonne-pratique/greening-burundi/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=www.climate-chance.org |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin shirye-shiryen Greening Burundi sun ja hankalin duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders who are changing the world {{!}} by Ladderworks |url=https://www.oneyoungworld.com/OYW-founders-ladderworks |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=www.oneyoungworld.com |language=en}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shabbir |first=Nabeelah |date=17 October 2019 |title=Transnational chat: A global conversation with young climate activists |url=https://thecorrespondent.com/67/transnational-chat-a-global-conversation-with-young-climate-activists |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=The Correspondent |language=en}}</ref> Niyoyabikoze ta fuskanci manyan kalubale, musamman saboda yanayin siyasa mara daidaituwa a Burundi. Wadannan sun kai shi ga ci gaba da ayyukan wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli a kasashen waje, musamman a [[Jamus]], inda ya ci gaba da inganta shirye-shiryen gida da na duniya don [[Rage canjin yanayi|yaki da canjin yanayi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonnenlichtspiele Gaildorf zeigen Dokumentarfilm über Burundi – Catherine Kern |url=https://www.catherine-kern.de/aktuelles/sonnenlichtspiele-gaildorf-zeigen-dokumentarfilm-ueber-burundi.html |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=www.catherine-kern.de |archive-date=26 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226133627/https://www.catherine-kern.de/aktuelles/sonnenlichtspiele-gaildorf-zeigen-dokumentarfilm-ueber-burundi.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Niyoyabikoze yana aiki a matsayin malami a Jami'ar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Baden Württemberg . Yana kula da dorewa a cikin tsarin kiwon lafiya da rikicin yanayi a cikin karatun haihuwa, wanda ke shirya masu sana'a na gaba don fahimtar alaƙar da ke tsakanin canjin yanayi da lafiyar uwa. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya da kuma mai kula da asibitin Jami'ar Tübingen . == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == * Kyautar Kyautar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya, Maldives (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Niyongere |first=Painette |date=29 January 2020 |title=Emmanuel Niyoyabikoze, celui qui veut « rhabiller » le Burundi |url=https://www.yaga-burundi.com/emmanuel-niyoyabikoze/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=Yaga Burundi |language=fr-FR}}</ref> * Kyautar [[Mary Robinson]] ta Shari'ar Yanayi (2021) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mary Robinson Climate Justice Award 2021 {{!}} One Young World |url=https://www.oneyoungworld.com/mary-robinson-climate-justice-award-2021 |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=www.oneyoungworld.com |language=en}}</ref> * Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Gabashin Afirka (2021) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Generation Restoration: The Earth Champions leading the way in the construction of the Africa we want |url=https://www.icpac.net/news/meet-generation-restoration-the-earth-champions-leading-the-way-in-the-construction-of-the-africa-we-want/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=ICPAC |language=en}}</ref> * "An sanya masa suna daga cikin "Top 100 Young African Conservation Leaders" (2021) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 100 young African conservation leaders list 2021: The new generation of leaders, driving th |url=https://africa.panda.org/?34002/Top-100-young-African-conservation-leaders-list-2021-The-new-generation-of-leaders-driving-the-change-for-the-sustainable-development-in-Africa |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=africa.panda.org |language=en}}</ref> * An sanya masa suna daga cikin "5 manyan mutane na Burundi" (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Niyongere |first=Painette |date=3 October 2019 |title=Marche pour le climat : cinq personnalités burundaises qui nous inspirent |url=https://www.yaga-burundi.com/marche-climat-cinq-personnalites-burundais/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=Yaga Burundi |language=fr-FR}}</ref> * Nomination daga cikin 25 "Burundian RoleModels" (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2020 |title=#RoleModels2019 Archives |url=https://www.yaga-burundi.com/dossiers-yaga/rolemodels2019/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=Yaga Burundi |language=fr-FR |archive-date=26 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226133343/https://www.yaga-burundi.com/dossiers-yaga/rolemodels2019/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] s26qxt0sruyekjto6c0c3o04uye5jpx 0 171527 975427 937002 2026-11-03T03:11:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975427 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Lillian Rogers Parks (Fabrairu 1, 1897 - Nuwamba 6, 1997) yar asalin Amurka ce kuma mai sutura a Fadar White House . {{Databox}} Tare da ɗan jarida Frances Spatz Leighton, marubucin wasu abubuwan tunawa na Fadar White House, Parks ya buga My Thirty Years Backstairs a Fadar White. Littafin ya rufe tsawon shekaru 50 a rayuwar ma'aikatan gida a Fadar White House. Ya ba da rahoton abubuwan da Parks ya samu a matsayin mai sutura, da kuma na mahaifiyarta, 'Maggie' Rogers, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida na shekaru talatin. Leslie Uggams ne ya nuna Lillian Rogers Parks a cikin miniseries na 1979 Backstairs a Fadar White House . Yawancin kyaututtuka da ta karɓa daga shugabanni a lokacin da take can daga baya sun zama sanannun kayan tarihi da kayan tattarawa da ke da alaƙa da tarihin shugaban kasa, daga ƙarshe sun ƙare a cikin Raleigh DeGeer Amyx Collection . Ta kuma wallafa The Roosevelts: A Family in Turmoil a 1981 tare da hadin gwiwar Frances Spatz Leighton . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Copyright Catalog (1978 to present): The Roosevelts : a family in turmoil / by Lillian Rogers Parks, in collaboration with Frances Spatz Leighton |url=https://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=7&ti=1,7&Search%5FArg=Parks%20Lillian%20Rogers&Search%5FCode=NALL&CNT=25&PID=MY1ArSzq1cFzj-FO0JjSQCRst&SEQ=20190703195412&SID=1 |access-date=3 July 2019 |website=United States Copyright Office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417032645/https://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=7&ti=1,7&Search_Arg=Parks%20Lillian%20Rogers&Search_Code=NALL&CNT=25&PID=MY1ArSzq1cFzj-FO0JjSQCRst&SEQ=20190703195412&SID=1 |archive-date=17 April 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta kasance memba mai daraja na ƙungiyar Alpha Kappa Alpha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AKAmplished Alpha Kappa Alpha Women |url=http://aka-etaepsilonomega.org/akamplished/ |access-date=3 July 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Inc., Eta Epsilon Omega Chapter}}</ref> == Littattafai == * 1961: ''My Thirty Years Backstairs at the White House''. New York: Fleet ASIN B0007FEFI6 (with F. S. Leighton) * 1969: ''It was Fun Working at the White House''. New York: Fleet {{ISBN|978-0830300839}} (with F. S. Leighton) * 1981: ''The Roosevelts: A Family in Turmoil''. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall {{ISBN|0-13-783043-2}} (with F. S. Leighton) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897]] aoq0dpry0s10ro34r3bofqt1mkmcdv1 0 171850 975164 961642 2026-11-02T13:16:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elena Andreyevna Rybakina''' (an haife shi 17 Yuni 1999) ƙwararriyar ɗan wasan tennis ce ɗan ƙasar Kazakhstan. A halin yanzu tana matsayi na ɗaya a duniya a gasar tsere marasa aure ta ƙungiyar mata ta Tennis (WTA). Rybakina ta lashe kofuna 14 na matakin WTA Tour, ciki har da manyan gasa uku, kofuna biyu na WTA 1000, da kuma gasar WTA ta 2025 . Ita ce 'yar wasan Kazakhstan ta farko da ta lashe gasar manyan gasa, kuma ta kasance lamba 1 a duniya kuma tana cikin manyan 'yan wasa 10 a duniya. Rybakina, tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya na 3, ya fara wakiltar Rasha kafin ya sauya sheƙa zuwa Kazakhstan a shekarar 2018. Ta yi fice a shekarar 2020 lokacin da ta buga wasanni biyar na ƙarshe a zagayen ƙarshe, mafi yawan 'yan wasa a wannan shekarar. Rybakina ta lashe babban kambunta na farko a Gasar Wimbledon ta 2022 kuma ta zo ta biyu a Gasar Australian Open ta 2023, wacce ta fara shiga cikin manyan 10 a cikin jerin WTA . A shekarar 2025, ta lashe gasar WTA Finals, sannan ta lashe gasar Australian Open da US Open a shekarar 2026, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama 'yar wasa ta 1 a duniya a karon farko. An san Rybakina da kyakkyawan hidima da iyawarta ta samar da bugun ƙasa mai ƙarfi, kuma tana wasa ne tun daga tushe. An san ta da natsuwar da take nunawa a filin wasa, kuma sau da yawa ana kiranta da laƙabi "Sarauniyar Kankara". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-31 |title=Rybakina: 'Entendo por que me chamam de Rainha de Gelo' |url=https://www.tenisnews.com.br/rybakina-entendo-por-que-me-chamam-de-rainha-de-gelo/ |access-date=2026-04-11 |language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi == An haifi Elena Rybakina a ranar 17 ga Yuni 1999 a Moscow ga Andrey Rybakin da Ekaterina. Mahaifinta asalinsa ɗan asalin Almaty ne a Kazakhstan kuma yana aiki a matsayin furodusa a tashar talabijin ta NTV Plus . <ref name="Father Kazakhstan">{{Cite web |date=10 July 2022 |title=Победа Рыбакиной – победа Казахстана. Кто такие натурализованные спортсмены |url=https://informburo.kz/stati/pobeda-rybakinoi-pobeda-kazaxstana-kto-takie-naturalizovannye-sportsmeny |website=informburo.kz |language=Russian}}</ref> Ta fara yin wasanni tare da babbar 'yar uwarta, Anna, tun tana ƙarama, da farko ta fi mai da hankali kan motsa jiki da kuma wasan tsere kan kankara . <ref name="get-to-know">{{Cite web |last=Nguyen |first=Courtney |date=22 January 2020 |title=Getting to Know: Elena Rybakina's rocket rise |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1584000/getting-to-know-elena-rybakina-s-rocket-rise |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222173244/https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1584000/getting-to-know-elena-rybakina-s-rocket-rise |archive-date=22 February 2020 |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2020 |title=Elena Rybakina: I felt confident after winning the first set |url=http://lt.formulatx.com/en/blog/2020/02/14/elena-rybakina-uverennost-poyavilas-s-vyigryshem-pervogo-seta/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625040000/https://lt.formulatx.com/en/blog/2020/02/14/elena-rybakina-uverennost-poyavilas-s-vyigryshem-pervogo-seta/ |archive-date=25 June 2022 |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=Formula TX St. Petersburg Ladies' Trophy}}</ref> Da aka gaya mata cewa ta yi tsayi da yawa don ta zama ƙwararriya a ɗayan waɗannan wasannin, mahaifinta ya ba ta shawarar ta koma wasan tennis saboda sha'awarsa ga wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiner |first=Igor |date=18 August 2022 |title="Just six months ago, Lena wanted to quit tennis." An interview with the father of Wimbledon champion Elena Rybakina. |url=https://www.sport-express.ru/tennis/wta/reviews/tennis-andrey-rybakin-otec-chempionki-uimbldona-eleny-rybakinoy-o-vystuplenii-za-kazahstan-i-rossii-kontrakte-ftr-i-ssha-1962750/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Sport Express Russia}}</ref> Rybakina ta fara wasan tennis tun tana da shekaru shida. <ref name="get-to-know" /> Rybakina ta ƙaura daga Dynamo Sports Club zuwa Spartak Tennis Club, inda ta sami ƙwararrun masu horarwa da dama. Ta yi atisaye tare da tsohuwar 'yar wasa ta 10 mafi kyau Andrey Chesnokov da tsohuwar 'yar wasa ta 100 mafi kyau Evgenia Kulikovskaya . Ɗaya daga cikin masu horar da ita a fannin motsa jiki ita ce Irina Kiseleva, wadda ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya a gasar pentathlon ta zamani . <ref name="ubi">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2020 |title=Elena Rybakina Is Really Special |url=https://www.ubitennis.net/2020/03/elena-rybakina-really-special/ |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=Ubi Tennis}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2017 |title=Поколение Next. Елена Рыбакина |trans-title=Next Generation: Elena Rybakina |url=http://tennis-stars.ru/worldnews/pokolenie-next-elena-rybakina/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712172830/http://tennis-stars.ru/worldnews/pokolenie-next-elena-rybakina/ |archive-date=12 July 2022 |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=Tennis Stars |language=ru}}</ref> <ref name="spartak">{{Cite web |last=Fagan |first=Kate |date=9 January 2013 |title=From Russia, With Topspin |url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/story/_/id/8827683/espnw-russia-topspin |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=ESPN}}</ref> Rybakina bai yi horo na musamman a matsayinsa na ƙarami ba, maimakon haka yana yin atisaye a cikin ƙungiyar 'yan wasa kusan takwas har zuwa shekaru 15 da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan wasa huɗu har zuwa shekaru 18. Ta kuma yi wasan tennis na tsawon awanni biyu kacal a rana kuma ta yi horo kan motsa jiki na tsawon awanni uku a rana. Lokacinta na wasan tennis ya ɗan yi ƙasa kaɗan saboda ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta yau da kullun ba ta ƙware ga 'yan wasa ba kuma tana buƙatar daidaita wasan tennis da aikin makaranta. <ref name="school">{{Cite web |last=Cox |first=David |date=22 January 2020 |title=Elena Rybakina: Getting to know the 'anonymous' yet in-form No.29 seed |url=https://ausopen.com/articles/features/elena-rybakina-getting-know-anonymous-yet-form-no29-seed |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=Australian Open}}</ref> == Matasa == [[File:Osuigwe_and_Rybakina_shake_hands.png|left|thumb| Rybakina (dama) da Whitney Osuigwe a gasar masters ta ITF ta 2017]] Rybakina tsohuwar 'yar shekara 3 ce a duniya. <ref name="itf-juniors">{{Cite web |title=Elena Rybakina Junior Singles Overview |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/elena-rybakina/800365863/kaz/jt/s/overview/ |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=ITF Tennis}}</ref> Ta fara buga wasa a ITF Junior Circuit a watan Nuwamba na 2013 tana da shekaru 14. A watan Maris mai zuwa, ta lashe kambunta na farko a gasarta ta biyu ta aiki, wato Gasar Cin Kofin Almetievsk ta Grade-3. Ta buga gasarta ta farko a aji na 2 a watan Yuni a gasar Ozerov Cup da ke Moscow, inda ta kare a matsayi na biyu bayan da 'yar kasarta Anna Blinkova ta zo ta biyu. Ta fara buga wasannin Grade-1 tun daga farkon shekarar 2015, amma ba ta samu nasara ba har sai da ta kai wasan karshe a gasar cin kofin matasa ta Belgium a watan Mayu, inda ta sha kashi a hannun Katharina Hobgarski . Rybakina ta fara gasar farko ta ƙaramin rukuni a gasar US Open daga baya a shekarar, inda ta kai zagaye na uku. Bayan rashin nasara a zagaye na farko a gasar Australian Open ta 2016, ta lashe kambun Grade-1 a jere. Ta ci gaba da gwagwarmaya a gasar Grand Slam ta ƙarama da sauran gasannin Grade-A a cikin waƙoƙin marasa aure har tsawon sauran shekara. <ref name="itf-junior-singles">{{Cite web |title=Elena Rybakina Junior Singles Activity |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/elena-rybakina/800365863/kaz/jt/s/activity/ |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=ITF Tennis}}</ref> Mafi kyawun sakamakonta na 2016 a gasar Grade A-events ya zo ne da maki biyu a jere lokacin da ta zo ta biyu a gasar ga Olesya Pervushina da Anastasia Potapova a gasar Trofeo Bonfiglio, tare da Amina Anshba a wasan karshe na dukkan 'yan wasan Rasha. <ref name="itf-junior-doubles">{{Cite web |title=Elena Rybakina Junior Doubles Activity |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/elena-rybakina/800365863/kaz/jt/d/activity/ |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=ITF Tennis}}</ref> Kakar wasa ta 2017 ita ce shekarar ƙarshe ta Rybakina a gasar matasa. A tsakiyar kakar wasa, ta lashe kambunta na farko kuma na Grade-A a Trofeo Bonfiglio, inda ta doke Iga Świątek a wasan karshe. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=28 May 2017 |title=Popyrin e Rybakina vincono il Trofeo Bonfiglio 2017 |trans-title=Popyrin and Rybakina win the Bonfiglio Trophy 2017 |url=https://www.spaziotennis.com/jnr/popyrin-e-rybakina-vincono-il-trofeo-bonfiglio-2017/49314 |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=Spazio Tennis |language=it}}</ref> Ta kuma yi fice a gasar Grand Slam idan aka kwatanta da shekarun baya, inda ta sha kashi a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Australian Open da kuma gasar French Open a hannun Marta Kostyuk da Whitney Osuigwe, bi da bi. Ta kammala aikinta na ƙaramar yarinya a gasar ITF Junior Masters ta farko, wacce ta yi nasara a gasar WTA Finals . Ta lashe wasa ɗaya a rukuninta na zagaye-robin kuma ta kare a matsayi na bakwai. <ref name="itf-junior-singles" /> == Ƙwararre == === 2014–18: Lakabin ITF na farko, canjin ƙungiyar === Rybakina ta fara wasa a gasar mata ta ITF a watan Disamba na 2014, tana da shekaru goma sha biyar. Yayin da take ci gaba da wasa a matakin 'yan wasa na Junior, ta kai zagayen ƙarshe na ITF sau uku a cikin 'yan wasa ɗaya ɗaya da kuma biyu a cikin 'yan wasa biyu, inda ta lashe duka wasannin ƙarshe na 'yan wasa biyu kawai a shekarar 2017. <ref name="itf-singles">{{Cite web |title=Elena Rybakina Women's Singles Activity |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/elena-rybakina/800365863/kaz/wt/s/activity/ |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=ITF Tennis}}</ref> <ref name="itf-doubles">{{Cite web |title=Elena Rybakina Women's Doubles Activity |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/elena-rybakina/800365863/kaz/wt/d/activity/ |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=ITF Tennis}}</ref> Ta kuma fara gasar WTA Tour a watan Oktoban 2017 a gasar Kremlin Cup, inda ta kai ga babban zagayen neman cancantar shiga gasar amma ta sha kashi a zagayen farko a hannun Irina-Camelia Begu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2017 |title=Rybakina Falls Over 3-set Match |url=https://kremlincup.ru/en/news/205/ |access-date=13 April 2018 |website=Kremlin Cup}}</ref> A gasar WTA ta gaba a watan Fabrairun 2018, Rybakina ta lashe gasar WTA Tour ta farko a St. Petersburg Trophy da Timea Bacsinszky . Daga nan ta yi wa Caroline Garcia mai lamba 7 a duniya fintinkau a seti uku, bayan ta ceci [[Tennis|maki daya]] a seti na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=Teen Rybakina stuns Garcia for spot in St. Petersburg QF |url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/teen-rybakina-stuns-garcia-spot-st-petersburg-qf |access-date=13 April 2018 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Rashin nasara a zagaye na gaba, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2018 |title=Goerges rolls past Rybakina to reach St. Petersburg semifinals |url=http://www.wtatennis.com/news/goerges-rolls-past-rybakina-reach-st-petersburg-semifinals |access-date=13 April 2018 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> wannan fitowar kwata-kwata ta taimaka mata ta tashi daga lamba 450 zuwa lamba 268 a duniya. <ref name="wta-rankings">{{Cite web |title=Elena Rybakina Rankings History |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/324166/elena-rybakina/rankings-history |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> A watan Maris, Rybakina ta lashe kambun farko na ITF na waƙoƙin da ba su da yawa a gasar da aka yi a Kazan, <ref name="itf-singles" /> inda ta kuma lashe kambun waƙoƙin da ba su da yawa. <ref name="itf-doubles" /> Babban tsallen da ta yi a matsayi na gaba ya zo ne a watan Afrilu lokacin da ta zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin Lale na dala dubu 60 da aka yi a Istanbul, wanda hakan ya kawo ta matsayi na 215. Ta shiga cikin jerin mutane 200 mafiya hazaka a karon farko a ƙarshen watan Mayu. <ref name="wta-rankings" /> Iyalan Rybakin sun fara nuna rashin jin daɗi game da Hukumar Wasan Tennis ta Rasha saboda rashin tallafin kuɗi ga aikin Rybakina da kuma wasu abubuwan da suka faru da suka shafi ƙungiyar. <ref name="2016 US Open">{{Cite web |last=Rabiner |first=Igor |date=18 August 2022 |title=«Всего полгода назад Лена хотела бросить теннис». Интервью отца чемпионки Уимблдона Елены Рыбакиной |url=https://www.sport-express.net/tennis/wta/reviews/tennis-andrey-rybakin-otec-chempionki-uimbldona-eleny-rybakinoy-o-vystuplenii-za-kazahstan-i-rossii-kontrakte-ftr-i-ssha-1962750/ |website=sport-express.net |language=Russian}}</ref> A gasar 'yan mata ta matasa ta US Open ta 2016, Rybakina ta suma saboda ƙarancin sinadarin haemoglobin kuma an tilasta mata yin ritaya daga wasanta na zagaye na farko. <ref name="2016 US Open" /> An ruwaito cewa RTF ba ta taimaka wa Rybakina ba duk da kasancewarta a wurin taron, wanda hakan ya sa iyalan Rybakina suka yanke shawarar cewa ba za ta sake yin tafiya zuwa gasa ba tare da iyaye ba. <ref name="2016 US Open" /> Ganin cewa iyalan ba za su iya yin tafiya tare da ita ba a duk lokacin da take makaranta, sai suka yanke shawarar mayar da hankali kan buga wasan tennis na kwaleji a Amurka ko Kanada. <ref name="2016 US Open" /> A watan Mayun 2018, bayan ya cika shekaru 19 da haihuwa, Rybakina ta sami takardar zama ɗan ƙasar Kazakhstan kuma ta sauya sheƙa daga Rasha zuwa Kazakhstan. Hukumar Tennis ta Kazakhstan ta ba ta tallafin kuɗi don sauya ƙasarta, wanda ta zaɓa maimakon zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban na buga wasan tennis na kwaleji da kuma dakatar da aikinta na ƙwararru. <ref name="get-to-know" /> <ref name="switch">{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=21 June 2018 |title=Former Russian junior No. 3 changes her nationality to represent Kazakhstan |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/WTA_Tennis/56657/former-russian-junior-no-3-changes-her-nationality-to-represent-kazakhstan/ |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=Tennis World USA}}</ref> Mahaifin Rybakina ya tuntubi Hukumar Tennis ta Kazakhstan game da sauya shekar Rybakina zuwa ƙasar waje, domin asalinsa ɗan ƙasar Kazakhstan ne. <ref name="Father Kazakhstan" /> Rybakina, wacce ke wasa a Kazakhstan, ta shiga zagayen farko na cancantar shiga gasar Grand Slam a gasar US Open ta 2018, amma ba ta kai ga babban jadawalin ba. <ref name="itf-singles" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nitkin |first=Pavel |date=7 June 2021 |title=Елена Рыбакина вынесла Серену на РГ. Она родилась в Москве, но играет за Казахстан – это путь многих талантов, потому что в России нет денег |trans-title=Elena Rybakina rendered Serena at RG. She was born in Moscow but plays for Kazakhstan, this is a path of many talents because there is no money in Russia |url=https://www.sports.ru/tribuna/blogs/nitkina/2929665.html |access-date=21 June 2021 |website=sports.ru |language=ru}}</ref> === 2019: Gasar WTA 250, manyan 50 === [[File:Rybakina_RG19_(4)_(48199109407).jpg|left|thumb| Rybakina a gasar French Open ta 2019]] Bayan ya buga wasannin ITF a rabin farko na shekarar 2019, Rybakina ya fara buga wasa musamman a gasar WTA Tour a rabin na biyu na kakar wasa. A cikin watannin farko na shekara, ta lashe kambun ITF guda uku, ciki har da dala $60,000 na Launceston International . Ta fara buga gasar Grand Slam a gasar French Open a matsayin wacce ta yi nasara, inda ta sha kashi a hannun Kateřina Siniaková . A gasar WTA ta farko a kan ciyawa, Rybakina ta shiga zagayen kusa da na karshe na gasar Rosmalen Grass Court Championships . Duk da wannan nasarar, ta sha kashi a gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar Wimbledon . <ref name="wta-matches">{{Cite web |title=Elena Rybakina Matches |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/324166/elena-rybakina/matches |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Nasarar Rybakina ta zo ne a watan Yuli lokacin da ta lashe kambun WTA Tour na farko a Bucharest Open, wata guda bayan ta cika shekaru 20 da haihuwa. A lokacin taron, ta doke Viktória Kužmová wadda ta zo ta biyu a gasar kafin ta doke Patricia Maria Țig a wasan ƙarshe. <ref name="wta-matches" /> <ref name="first-title">{{Cite web |last=Macpherson |first=Alex |date=21 July 2019 |title=Rybakina rides to maiden title in Bucharest with Tig victory |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1446676/rybakina-rides-to-maiden-title-in-bucharest-with-tig-victory |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Da wannan kambun, ta shiga sahun farko na 100 a jerin WTA a matsayi na 65. <ref name="wta-rankings" /> Rybakina ta cancanci shiga wasanta na biyu na babban gasar Grand Slam ta shekara a gasar US Open, amma ta sake shan kashi a zagaye na farko. <ref name="wta-matches" /> A gasarta ta gaba, ta shiga gasar WTA Tour ta biyu ta shekara a gasar bude ido ta Jiangxi International Open, inda ta zo ta biyu a gasar bayan Rebecca Peterson . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Macpherson |first=Alex |date=15 September 2019 |title=Peterson rolls past Rybakina to maiden title in Nanchang |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1445306/peterson-rolls-past-rybakina-to-maiden-title-in-nanchang |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Wannan sakamakon ya sanya ta shiga cikin manyan 50 a karon farko. <ref name="wta-rankings" /> Rybakina ta kammala shekarar da ƙarfi, inda ta kai aƙalla zagayen kusa da na ƙarshe a wasanni uku na ƙarshe na kakar wasa. Musamman ma, ta kai zagayen kwata-kwata a gasar Wuhan Open, gasar Premier-5 ta farko a tarihinta. A gasar, ta doke [[Simona Halep]], 'yar wasa ta duniya ta 6, wacce ta yi ritaya a farkon zagayen farko sakamakon raunin da ta samu a bayanta. Ta sha kashi a zagaye na gaba a hannun [[Sabalenka|Aryna Sabalenka]], wacce ta lashe gasar kuma ta 14 a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2019 |title='I didn't want to win the match like this' – Rybakina advances to Wuhan quarterfinals after Halep retires |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1485875/i-didnt-want-to-win-the-match-like-this-rybakina-advances-to-wuhan-quarterfinals-after-halep-retires |access-date=25 September 2002 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2019 |title=Sabalenka returns to Wuhan SF: 'My game is getting better and better with every day' |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1485849/sabalenka-returns-to-wuhan-sf-my-game-is-getting-better-and-better-with-every-day- |access-date=25 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Rybakina ta kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na 37 a duniya. <ref name="wta-rankings" /> === 2020: Gasar WTA 250, manyan 20 === Rybakina ya jagoranci gasar WTA Tour a wasan ƙarshe a kakar wasa ta 2020, kuma ya kare a matsayi na biyu a gasar cin nasara a wasanni. <ref name="2020-stats">{{Cite web |date=26 September 2020 |title=WTA Match Stats 2020 |url=http://wtafiles.wtatennis.com/pdf/rankings/WTAMatchStats.pdf |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> <ref name="2020-summary">{{Cite web |last=Berkok |first=John |date=5 December 2020 |title=Who were the Top 5 match win leaders on the ATP and WTA in 2020? |url=https://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2020/12/top-5-match-win-leaders-atp-wta-tours-2020-djokovic-rublev-mertens-sabalenka-rybakina/92031/ |access-date=30 December 2020 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> Ta kai wasan karshe a wasanni hudu daga cikin biyar na farko da ta fafata. Kafin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] ta kai ga dakatar da gasar WTA Tour na tsawon fiye da watanni biyar, ta kai wasan ƙarshe a kowace gasa banda gasar Australian Open da kuma gasar Qatar Ladies Open, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Ashleigh Barty]], wacce take lamba 1 a duniya, a duka lokutan biyu, ta kuma yi tafiya a ƙasa sakamakon raunin da 'yan fashi suka samu a ƙafarta. <ref name="barty-loss-1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kane |first=David |date=25 February 2020 |title=Rybakina, Bencic secure titanic Doha victories |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1624877/rybakina-bencic-secure-titanic-doha-victories |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Kafin gasar Australian Open, ta buga wasannin karshe guda biyu a gasar International Events. Bayan ta sha kashi a wasan karshe na farko na shekara a hannun Ekaterina Alexandrova a gasar Shenzhen Open, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bairner |first=Robin |date=11 January 2020 |title=Alexandrova downs Rybakina in Shenzhen for maiden title: The first one is always special |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1566002/alexandrova-downs-rybakina-in-shenzhen-for-maiden-title-the-first-one-is-always-special |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> ta doke Zhang Shuai don lashe gasar WTA ta biyu a Hobart International . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=18 January 2020 |title=Rybakina romps to second career title in Hobart |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1574513/rybakina-romps-to-second-career-title-in-hobart |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> A Melbourne, ta yi nasarar lashe wasanni biyu na farko na Grand Slam a babban wasan da aka yi da Bernarda Pera da Greet Minnen . <ref name="barty-loss-1">{{Cite web |last=Livaudais |first=Stephanie |date=24 January 2020 |title=Barty races past Rybakina to reach fourth round in Melbourne |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1587424/barty-races-past-rybakina-to-reach-fourth-round-in-melbourne |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Bayan gasar, ta kai zagayen ƙarshe na gasar Premier biyu a gasar St. Petersburg Trophy da kuma gasar Dubai Championships, inda ta zo ta biyu a jerin 'yan wasa Kiki Bertens ta 8 da kuma Simona Halep ta 2. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2020 |title=Halep fights past Rybakina in Dubai for 20th career title |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1618866/halep-fights-past-rybakina-in-dubai-for-20th-career-title |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Musamman a Dubai, Rybakina ta doke manyan 'yan wasa biyu a cikin manyan 'yan wasa goma a lamba ta 7 [[Sofia Kenin]] da kuma Karolína Plíšková mai lamba ta 3, wacce ta zo ta biyu a matsayi mafi girma da ta kayar da ita zuwa yanzu. <ref name="kenin">{{Cite web |date=18 February 2020 |title=Rybakina rallies past Kenin in Dubai debut |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1614666/rybakina-rallies-past-kenin-in-dubai-debut |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Macpherson |first=Alex |date=20 February 2020 |title=Rybakina rockets to career-best win over Pliskova in Dubai quarters |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1616194/rybakina-rockets-to-career-best-win-over-pliskova-in-dubai-quarters |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Waɗannan wasannin ƙarshe guda huɗu sun taimaka mata ta hau matsayi na 17 a duniya a lokacin da aka dakatar da gasar. <ref name="wta-rankings" /> Ta kuma zama 'yar wasan Kazakhstan ta farko a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 20 a tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=20-летняя казахстанка вошла в топ-10 восходящих звезд мирового тенниса |trans-title=20-year-old Kazakhstani entered the top 10 rising stars of world tennis |url=https://vesti.kz/wta/280597/ |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=Vesti |language=ru}}</ref> A lokacin da aka rufe makarantar, Rybakina ya zauna a Moscow kuma bai sami damar yin atisaye ba tsawon watanni biyu da rabi. Daga ƙarshe ta ci gaba da horo a [[Bratislava]], Slovakia na tsawon makonni biyar. <ref name="pandemic-interview">{{Cite web |last=Baudu |first=Jérémy |date=31 August 2020 |title=Exclusive interview with Elena Rybakina: The main goal is to be No 1 |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/our-features/interviews-our-features/tennis-majors-exclusive-interview-with-elena-rybakina-282953.html |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=Tennis Majors}}</ref> Lokacin da aka sake komawa yawon shakatawa a New York a watan Agusta, ta sha kashi a hannun Alexandrova kuma ta yi nasara a wasa ɗaya kacal a gasar US Open . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Macpherson |first=Alex |date=22 August 2020 |title=Alexandrova outserves Rybakina in Cincinnati opener |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1762782/alexandrova-outserves-rybakina-in-cincinnati-opener |access-date=25 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=di Costanzo |first=Diane |date=2 September 2020 |title=Shelby Rogers upsets Elena Rybakina at the 2020 US Open |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2020-09-02/shelby_rogers_upsets_elena_rybakina_at_the_2020_us_open.html |access-date=25 September 2020 |website=US Open}}</ref> A Turai, ta doke Alexandrova a gasar Italian Open a karo na uku da ta samu a shekarar, kafin ta rasa damar da ta samu ta lashe wasan a zagaye na uku da ta sha kashi a hannun 'yar ƙasarta Yulia Putintseva . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Macpherson |first=Alex |date=18 September 2020 |title=Putintseva pulls off remarkable Rybakina escape in Rome |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1834128/putintseva-pulls-off-remarkable-rybakina-escape-in-rome |access-date=25 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> A gasar Internationaux de Strasbourg, Rybakina ta kai wasan karshe na biyar a shekarar kuma na farko tun bayan dawowar gasar, inda ta sha kashi a hannun Elina Svitolina mai lamba 5. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bairner |first=Robin |date=26 September 2020 |title=Svitolina seals Strasbourg title after Rybakina victory |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1842090/svitolina-seals-strasbourg-title-after-rybakina-victory |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> Duk da haka, sai ta sha kashi a hannun Fiona Ferro a zagaye na biyu a gasar French Open . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livaudais |first=Stephanie |date=1 October 2020 |title=France's Ferro upsets Rybakina at Roland Garros |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1850001/france-s-ferro-upsets-rybakina-at-roland-garros |access-date=4 October 2020 |website=WTA Tennis}}</ref> === 2021: Wasan kusa da na karshe na French Open, Olympics ta zo ta huɗu === [[File:Rybakina_RG21_(50)_(51375295797).jpg|thumb| Rybakina a gasar French Open ta 2021]] Rybakina ta fara kakar wasa a Abu Dhabi inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Sabalenka|Aryna Sabalenka]] wacce ta lashe gasar a zagayen kwata-kwata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=VAVEL.com |date=2022-06-08 |title=WTA Abu Dhabi: Aryna Sabalenka fights past Elena Rybakina to reach semifinals |url=https://www.vavel.com/en-us/tennis-usa/2021/01/11/1054782-wta-abu-dhabi-aryna-sabalenka-fights-past-elena-rybakina-to-reach-semifinals.html |access-date=2026-08-29 |website=VAVEL |language=en-us}}</ref> Daga nan ta sha kashi a hannun Fiona Ferro a zagaye na biyu na gasar Australian Open . Bayan wani lokaci mai tsawo na shekarar inda ta faɗi daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 20, ta lashe wasanni biyu a jere a karon farko tun bayan Abu Dhabi don isa zagaye na uku na gasar French Open . Daga nan ta doke Elena Vesnina da [[Serena Williams]] don kaiwa zagayen farko na babban zagayen kwata na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina relishes prospect of facing Serena |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rybakina-relishes-prospect-of-facing-williams-rg2021-r4 |access-date=29 August 2026 |publisher=Roland Garros}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2021 |title=French Open 2021: Serena Williams upset in the fourth round by 21-year-old Elena Rybakina |url=https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/french-open-2021-serena-williams-upset-in-the-fourth-round-by-21-year-old-elena-rybakina/}}</ref> A wannan gasar, ta kuma kai zagayen kwata-kwata a zagayen biyu, tare da Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova ; amma ba zato ba tsammani, Pavlyuchenkova ita ce abokiyar hamayyarta da ta kayar da ita a zagayen kwata-kwata na gasar French Open ta 2021. Rybakina ta yi nasarar farko a kan manyan 'yan wasa 10 a gasar Eastbourne International, inda ta doke Elina Svitolina 'yar wasa ta biyu a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina stuns Svitolina in Eastbourne; Ostapenko, Sevastova score comeback wins |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2177537/rybakina-stuns-svitolina-in-eastbourne-ostapenko-sevastova-move-on |access-date=29 August 2026 |publisher=WTA}}</ref> Ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe na shekarar inda ta doke Anastasija Sevastova mai sa'a kafin ta fadi a hannun Jelena Ostapenko wacce ta lashe gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eastbourne International: Jelena Ostapenko beats Elena Rybakina to reach final |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/57616738 |access-date=29 August 2026 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A karon farko da ta fara fitowa a gasar, Rybakina ta shiga zagaye na huɗu na gasar Wimbledon ba tare da ta faɗi ko da wasa ɗaya ba. A can ta sha kashi a hannun [[Sabalenka|Aryna Sabalenka]] mai lamba 2 a duniya a wani fafatawa mai tsauri da aka yi da seti uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabalenka into first Grand Slam quarterfinal |url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2021-07-05/sabalenka_into_first_grand_slam_quarterfinal.html |access-date=2026-08-29 |website=www.wimbledon.com}}</ref> Ta dawo cikin jerin manyan 'yan wasa 20 a kakar wasa mai ƙarfi ta ciyayi. Rybakina ita ce ta 15 a gasar tennis ta Olympics, inda ta lashe wasanni uku na farko ba tare da ta sha kashi ba kafin a doke ta a wasan kusa da na karshe da Belinda Bencic. A wasan lashe lambar tagulla, an doke Rybakina a wasan da Elina Svitolina ta yi nasara a kansa. Ta sha kashi a zagaye na uku na gasar US Open ga [[Simona Halep]] wacce ta zo ta 12 a gasar. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2021, ta fara shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 15, a matsayi na 14 a duniya, inda ta zama 'yar wasan Kazakhstan mafi matsayi a tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstani top seed Rybakina in top-15 as WTA releases 2021 year-end rankings |url=https://qazinform.com/news/kazakhstani-top-seed-rybakina-in-top-15-as-wta-releases-2021-year-end-rankings_a3878512 |access-date=29 August 2026 |publisher=QAZINFORM}}</ref> === 2022: Zakaran Wimbledon === Rybakina ta fara kakar wasa ta 2022 a gasar Adelaide International 1, inda ta kai wasan karshe inda Ash Barty, wacce take lamba 1 a duniya, ta sha kashi a hannunta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Barty rolls past Rybakina to second Adelaide title; sweeps doubles with Sanders |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2443080/barty-rolls-past-rybakina-to-second-adelaide-title-sweeps-doubles-with-sanders}}</ref> Nasarar da ta samu a gasar Tennis ta Sydney Classic ta ci gaba da kayar da [[Emma Raducanu]], wacce ke rike da kambun US Open a zagaye na farko, kafin daga baya ta janye daga gasar saboda raunin da ta samu a cinyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kontaveit, Krejcikova, Badosa win in Sydney; injured Rybakina withdraws |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2445155/kontaveit-krejcikova-badosa-win-in-sydney-injured-rybakina-withdraws |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Ta kai matsayi mafi girma a matsayi na 12 a ranar 17 ga Janairun 2022. Sauran kakar wasanta ta farko da ta rage ba ta samu ci gaba sosai ba, inda ta yi ritaya a zagaye na biyu a gasar Australian Open, ta yi tafiya a gasar St. Petersburg Ladies' Trophy, da kuma rashin nasara a zagaye na farko a gasar Qatar Ladies Open . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tansey |first=Joe |title=Australian Open 2022 Results: Thursday Singles Bracket Winners, Scores, Stats |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2952621-australian-open-2022-results-thursday-singles-bracket-winners-scores-stats |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=bleacherreport.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-10 |title=Ostapenko blazes into St. Petersburg quarters; Begu upsets Kvitova |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2478837/begu-defeats-kvitova-in-st-petersburg-for-first-time-in-six-meetings-rybakina-withdraws |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina vs. Cristian {{!}} Round of 64 Qatar TotalEnergies Open 2022 {{!}} WTA Official |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/tournaments/1003/doha/2022/scores/LS036 |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Gasar "Sunshine Double" ( Miami da Indian Wells) ta samu ci gaba bayan ta buga wasan kusa da na karshe a gasar Indian Wells Open da Maria Sakkari da kuma wasan zagaye na uku da Jessica Pegula ta buga a gasar Miami Open . Lokacin gasarta ta ƙasa ya fara ne da rashin nasara a zagaye na biyu a hannun Anhelina Kalinina bayan an yi mata bankwana a zagaye na farko a Charleston . Bayan haka, ta wakilci Kazakhstan a matsayin fitaccen ɗan wasan ƙungiyar kuma ta lashe dukkan wasanninta na 'yan wasa guda biyu a wasan da suka yi da Jamus, inda ta samu gurbi a gasar ƙarshe daga baya a shekarar. Sauran kakar wasanta ta ƙasa ba ta samu nasara ba yayin da ta kasa shiga zagayen kwata-kwata a gasar Stuttgart Open, Madrid Open, Italian Open, da French Open . [[File:Elena_Rybakina_&_Venus_Rosewater_Dish_2022.jpg|left|thumb| Rybakina tare da Venus Rosewater Dish a Gasar Wimbledon ta 2022]] A kakar wasan filin wasa na Rybakina, a lokacin da yake jagorantar gasar Wimbledon, ya sha kashi a zagaye na biyu a hannun Shelby Rogers a gasar Rosmalen Open, sannan kuma ya yi bankwana a zagaye na farko, sannan kuma ya sha kashi a zagaye na biyu a hannun Lesia Tsurenko a gasar Eastbourne International . A gasar Wimbledon, ta kai zagayen ƙarshe na biyu na gasar Grand Slam, inda ta doke CoCo Vandeweghe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan's Elena Rybakina wins in Wimbledon first round |url=https://el.kz/en/kazakhstan-s_elena_rybakina_wins_in_wimbledon_first_round_43215/ |access-date=29 August 2026 |publisher=EL KZ}}</ref> [[Bianca Andreescu]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=Andreescu ousted in Wimbledon second round |url=https://www.tenniscanada.com/news/andreescu-ousted-in-wimbledon-second-round/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630162108/https://www.tenniscanada.com/news/andreescu-ousted-in-wimbledon-second-round/ |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |access-date=2026-08-29 |website=Tennis Canada}}</ref>, [[Zheng Qinwen]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2022 |title=Qinwen Zheng vs Elena Rybakina |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/matches/wta/wimbledon/qinwen-zheng-vs-elena-rybakina |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110035800/https://www.tennismajors.com/matches/wta/wimbledon/qinwen-zheng-vs-elena-rybakina |archive-date=10 November 2024 |access-date=29 August 2026 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> da Petra Martić . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2022 |title=Rybakina powers past Martic into first Wimbledon quarterfinal |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2667150/rybakina-powers-past-martic-into-first-wimbledon-quarterfinal |access-date=2022-07-06 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Daga nan ta doke Ajla Tomljanović a wasanta na kwata-kwata don kaiwa ga babban wasan kusa da na karshe na farko, inda ta zama ɗan wasa na farko na Kazakhstanian (namiji ko mace) da ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na Grand Slam. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-06 |title=Russia-born Rybakina steps up title charge into Wimbledon last four |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jul/06/elena-rybakina-battles-past-tomljanovic-to-reach-first-grand-slam-semi-wimbledon |access-date=2022-07-08 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com |title=Elena Rybakina credits Kazakh Federation for helping her near Wimbledon pinnacle |url=https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/elena-rybakina-credits-kazakh-federation-for-helping-her-near-wimbledon-pinnacle |access-date=2022-07-08 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> Daga nan ta doke Simona Halep a jere, don isa wasan karshe na farko, inda ta zama ƙaramar 'yar wasan ƙarshe ta Wimbledon tun Garbiñe Muguruza a 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2022 |title=Rybakina tops Halep at Wimbledon, makes first Grand Slam final |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2670694/rybakina-topples-halep-at-wimbledon-makes-first-grand-slam-final |access-date=2022-07-08 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Bayan ta faɗi a zagaye na farko, ta doke Ons Jabeur, wacce ta zo ta uku a jere a zagaye uku, don tabbatar da kambunta na farko a manyan gasa. <ref name="espnrybakinachampion">{{Cite web |last=Maine |first=D'Arcy |date=9 July 2022 |title=Wimbledon 2022: In a tournament of the unexpected, Elena Rybakina is a champion |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/34216615/wimbledon-2022-tournament-unexpected-elena-rybakina-champion |access-date=9 July 2022 |website=ESPN}}</ref> Ta zama zakara mafi ƙarama a gasar mata tun bayan Petra Kvitová mai shekaru 21 a shekarar 2011. Ita ce kuma ta huɗu a cikin mafi ƙanƙanta a gasar Grand Slam, wadda ta girmi Iga Świątek, Bianca Andreescu da Emma Raducanu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2022 |title=Rybakina claims historic Wimbledon title with comeback win over Jabeur |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2672634/rybakina-claims-historic-wimbledon-title-with-comeback-win-over-jabeur}}</ref> Batun ƙasar Rasha da kuma wakilcin da Rybakina ta yi a ƙasashen duniya a baya ya zama batun tattaunawa a bainar jama'a bayan nasarar da ta samu a gasar Wimbledon ta 2022, inda Wimbledon ta haramta wa 'yan wasa wakiltar Rasha da Belarus shiga gasar saboda [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2022 |title=Elena Rybakina becomes one of Wimbledon's biggest surprise women's champions |url=https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2022/07/09/elena-rybakina-wimbledon-ons-jabeur-russia-kazakhstan/ |access-date=6 January 2023 |publisher=NBC Sports}}</ref> Kafofin watsa labaran gwamnatin Rasha sun yi murnar nasarar Rybakina a matsayin nasarar ƙasa duk da cewa ta daɗe tana yanke shawarar kin wakiltar ƙasar da aka haife ta. Gasar cin kofin Arewacin Amurka ta fara ne da rashin nasara a farkon wasan Silicon Valley Classic (zagaye na farko) da kuma gasar Canadian Open (na biyu). Shirye-shiryenta na US Open sun ci gaba a Cincinnati Open inda ta tsallake zuwa zagayen kwata-kwata kuma Madison Keys ta doke ta. Kakar wasanta ta ci gaba da kasancewa ta 25 a gasar US Open ; duk da haka, ta sha kashi a zagaye na farko ga Clara Burel wacce ta yi nasara a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Koiki |first=Adesina O. |date=30 August 2022 |title=Clara Burel upsets Wimbledon champ Elena Rybakina at 2022 US Open |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2022-08-30/clara_burel_upsets_wimbledon_champ_elena_rybakina_at_2022_us_open.html |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]}}</ref> Ta dawo daga gasar cin kofin Portorož Open da ke Slovenia, inda ta sha kashi a hannun Kateřina Siniaková a zagaye uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2026 |title=Siniakova outlasts Rybakina in Portoroz for third career singles title |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2796881/siniakova-outlasts-rybakina-in-portoroz-for-third-career-singles-title |website=wtatennis.com}}</ref> Tunda nasarar da ta samu a gasar Wimbledon ba ta ba da maki ba, Rybakina ta kasa samun cancantar shiga gasar WTA kuma ta kammala shekarar da ke matsayi na 22. <ref>{{Cite web |title=End-of-Year Rankings & 2022 Earnings for Top Women’s Tennis Players |url=https://boardroom.tv/end-of-year-rankings-earnings-womens-tennis-players-2022/ |access-date=29 August 2026 |publisher=boardroom}}</ref> === 2023: Gasar karshe ta Australian Open, kofuna biyu na WTA 1000, Na 3 === [[File:Elena_Rybakina_(2023_US_Open)_15_(cropped)_2.jpg|thumb| Rybakina a gasar US Open ta 2023]] Rybakina ya fara kakar wasa a Adelaide International 1, inda ya doke Danielle Collins a wasanni uku <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina wins Adelaide opener; Samsonova to face Sabalenka |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3004553/rybakina-wins-adelaide-opener-samsonova-to-face-sabalenka |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> kafin ya sha kashi a hannun Marta Kostyuk a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kostyuk stuns Rybakina to make Adelaide 1 quarterfinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3008370/kostyuk-stuns-rybakina-to-make-adelaide-1-quarterfinals |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Ta biyo baya da rashin nasara a wasan Adelaide International 2 da Petra Kvitová ta buga a jere. Duk da haka, ta kai wasan ƙarshe na biyu tare da abokiyar karawarta Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova . A gasar Australian Open, Rybakina ta sake kayar da Danielle Collins, 'yar wasan karshe ta 2022, a zagaye na uku, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swiatek rolls, Rybakina bests Collins in Australian Open third round |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3029207/swiatek-rolls-rybakina-bests-collins-in-australian-open-third-round |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> da kuma Iga Świątek, 'yar wasan duniya ta 1, a zagaye na hudu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Takeaways: Rybakina knocks out world No. 1 Swiatek in Melbourne |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3032901/takeaways-rybakina-knocks-out-world-no-1-swiatek-in-melbourne |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> inda ta zama mace ta farko 'yar Kazakhstan da ta kai zagayen kwata na karshe na gasar Australian Open. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aussie Open Day 7 by the numbers: Azarenka's experience, Ostapenko's milestone |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3033592/aussie-open-day-7-by-the-numbers-azarenka-s-experience-ostapenko-s-milestone |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Na gaba, ta doke tsohuwar zakaran gasar French Open Jeļena Ostapenko don kaiwa wasan kusa da na karshe na Australian Open na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2023 |title=Rybakina eases past Ostapenko into Australian Open semifinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3036162/rybakina-eases-past-ostapenko-into-australian-open-semifinals}}</ref> A wasan kusa da na karshe, ta doke tsohuwar 'yar wasan duniya ta 1 kuma wacce ta lashe gasar Australian Open sau biyu, [[Victoria Azarenka]], a jere, inda ta kai wasan karshe na Grand Slam na biyu a tarihin rayuwarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wimbledon champion Rybakina advances to Australian Open final |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3038320/wimbledon-champion-rybakina-advances-to-australian-open-final |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Duk da haka, duk da lashe zagayen farko, Rybakina ya sha kashi a hannun Aryna Sabalenka a wasan zakarun Turai a wani wasan da ya yi da kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabalenka holds off Rybakina to win Australian Open, first Slam title |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3040010/sabalenka-holds-off-rybakina-to-win-australian-open-first-slam-title |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Ta kai matsayi na 10 a ranar 30 ga Janairun 2023, inda ta zama 'yar wasa ta farko da ta wakilci Kazakhstan, namiji ko mace, da ta taɓa kaiwa matsayi na 10 a jerin ATP ko WTA. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2023 |title=Set for a Top 10 debut, Rybakina confident the best is to come |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3040359/set-for-a-top-10-debut-rybakina-confident-the-best-is-to-come}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranking Reaction: Novak Djokovic returns to No. 1 after winning 10th Australian Open title |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/ranking-reaction-novak-djokovic-returns-to-no-1-rybakina-linette-shelton}}</ref> A Abu Dhabi, ta doke Karolina Plíšková, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kasatkina, Rybakina book Abu Dhabi quarterfinal spots |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3055834/kasatkina-rybakina-book-abu-dhabi-quarterfinal-spots |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> ta yi wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe inda ta sha kashi a hannun Beatriz Haddad Maia . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Haddad Maia, Samsonova seal last two Abu Dhabi semifinal berths |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3057006/haddad-maia-samsonova-seal-last-two-abu-dhabi-semifinal-berths |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> A Dubai, ta kai zagaye na uku ta hanyar doke [[Bianca Andreescu]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Takeaways: Rybakina fends off Andreescu in Dubai |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3076529/takeaways-rybakina-fends-off-andreescu-in-dubai |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> da Marie Bouzková <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ong |first=Erwin |date=2023-02-21 |title=Iga Swiatek and Aryna Sabalenka breeze into third round of 2023 Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships |url=https://dubaidutyfreetennischampionships.com/iga-swiatek-and-aryna-sabalenka-breeze-into-third-round-of-2023-dubai-duty-free-tennis-championships/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships |language=en-US}}</ref> a jere. Ta janye daga wasan zagaye na uku da [[Coco Gauff|Coco Gauff,]] ɗan wasa na biyar, saboda raunin da ya samu a bayanta. A gasar Indian Wells, a matsayinta na 'yar shekara ta goma, ta yi zagayen kwata na biyu a jere a gasar Indian Wells inda ta doke [[Sofia Kenin]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2023 |title=Wimbledon champion Rybakina holds off Kenin to advance at Indian Wells |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3106366/wimbledon-champion-rybakina-holds-off-kenin-to-advance-at-indian-wells |access-date=2023-03-18 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> 'yar shekara ta 21 Paula Badosa <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2023 |title=Rybakina ousts former champion Badosa in Indian Wells |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3109574/rybakina-ousts-former-champion-badosa-in-indian-wells |access-date=2023-03-18 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> da Varvara Gracheva . Sannan, ta doke Karolína Muchová don kaiwa wasan kusa da na karshe na WTA 1000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina into Indian Wells semis; defeats Muchova in three sets |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3112590/rybakina-into-indian-wells-semis-defeats-muchova-in-three-sets |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> A wasan kusa da na karshe, ta zarce zakaran da ke kare kambun Świątek, a jere, a karo na biyu a shekarar 2023 don kaiwa ga wasan karshe na farko na WTA 1000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina dominates No.1 Swiatek to make Indian Wells final |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3113842/rybakina-dominates-no-1-swiatek-to-make-indian-wells-final |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> A wasan ƙarshe, ta doke Aryna Sabalenka a matsayi na biyu a jere a jere, inda ta mayar da sakamakon wasansu na ƙarshe a gasar Australian Open a matsayin zakaran WTA 1000 na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2023 |title=Rybakina tops Sabalenka to win Indian Wells title |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3116978/rybakina-tops-sabalenka-to-win-indian-wells-title}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Champions Corner: Sibling support, better organization key for Rybakina |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3117080/champions-corner-sibling-support-better-organization-key-for-rybakina}}</ref> Wannan sakamakon ya tura ta zuwa matsayi na ɗaya a duniya a matsayi na 7 a fagen aiki <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2023 |title=Rankings Watch: Muchova continues resurgence, Rybakina hits career-high |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3117580/rankings-watch-muchova-continues-resurgence-rybakina-hits-career-high}}</ref> Rybakina ya ceci maki a wasan da ya doke Paula Badosa a zagaye na uku na gasar Miami Open . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2023 |title=Miami: Rybakina saves match point to beat Badosa in third round |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/3121674/miami-rybakina-saves-match-point-to-beat-badosa-in-third-round |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408205751/https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/3121674/miami-rybakina-saves-match-point-to-beat-badosa-in-third-round |archive-date=8 April 2023 |access-date=29 August 2026 |website=wtatennis.com}}</ref> Daga nan ta yi nasara a kan Elise Mertens, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina beats Mertens in Miami for 11th straight win |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3122912/trevisan-through-to-first-wta-1000-quarterfinal-in-miami}}</ref> Martina Trevisan, da Jessica Pegula <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina bests Pegula to win 13th consecutive match, advances to Miami final |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3125406/rybakina-bests-pegula-to-win-13th-consecutive-match-advances-to-miami-final |access-date=29 August 2026 |publisher=WTA}}</ref> don isa wasan ƙarshe. A wasan ƙarshe, ta sha kashi a hannun Petra Kvitová ta 15, wanda hakan ya hana ta kammala gasar Sunshine Double, sannan ya kawo ƙarshen nasarar da ta samu a wasanni 13 da ta yi a jere a tarihinta. Daga nan ta samu nasarar fita zagaye na biyu a gasar Stuttgart Open da kuma gasar Madrid Open ga Beatriz Haddad Maia da Anna Kalinskaya, bi da bi, kuma ta kai matsayi na 6 a duniya a ranar 8 ga Mayu 2023. Daga nan ta kai zagayen kwata-kwata a gasar Italian Open kuma ta koma matsayi na 5 a duniya bayan ta yi nasara a kan Jasmine Paolini, Anna Kalinskaya ta yi ritaya da kuma Markéta Vondroušová . Daga baya ta doke Iga Świątek ta duniya ta 1, (wadda ta yi ritaya a lokacin da ake yanke hukunci saboda rauni) a karo na uku don isa wasanta na farko a kusa da na karshe na Rome. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina advances to Rome semifinals after Swiatek retires with injury |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3418462/rybakina-advances-to-rome-semifinals-after-swiatek-retires-due-to-injury}}</ref> Rybakina ta kai wasan karshe na WTA 1000 na kakar wasa ta bana, inda ta doke Jeļena Ostapenko, inda ta zama 'yar wasa ta uku a gasar Open Era da ta kai wasan karshe a kakar wasa daya a gasar Australian Open, Indian Wells da Miami Open da kuma Rome, bayan Monica Seles a shekarar 1991 da [[Maria Sharapova]] a shekarar 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina defeats Ostapenko to advance to Rome final |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3445019/rybakina-defeats-ostapenko-to-advance-to-rome-final}}</ref> Ta lashe kambunta na farko na WTA 1000 clay, bayan da Anhelina Kalinina ta yi ritaya a zagaye na biyu, kuma ta koma matsayi mafi girma a duniya a matsayi na 4, a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina takes Rome title over injured Kalinina |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3447362/rybakina-takes-rome-title-over-injured-kalinina}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rankings Watch: Rybakina hits Top 5 for first time; Zheng makes Top 20 debut |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3465469/rankings-watch-rybakina-hits-top-5-for-first-time-zheng-makes-top-20-debut}}</ref> A gasar French Open ta 2023, duk da cewa ta yi tafiya a kan hanya saboda rashin lafiyar numfashi a zagaye na uku, <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2023 |title=Rybakina pulls out of French Open due to illness |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/37786034/elena-rybakina-pulls-french-open-due-illness}}</ref> ta kai matsayi na 3 a jerin 'yan wasan duniya a ranar 12 ga Yuni 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2023 |title=Elena Rybakina to enter top-3 for first time in career after French Open 2023 |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/tennis/news-elena-rybakina-enter-top-3-first-time-career-french-open-2023}}</ref> Daga nan sai Rybakina ya buga gasar WTA ta matakin 500 ta Berlin Open a kan ciyawa, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Donna Vekić a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-21 |title=Vekic ousts Rybakina in Berlin to reach quarterfinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3547647/vekic-ousts-rybakina-in-berlin-to-reach-quarterfinals |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Yuni 2023, Rybakina ta sanar da janyewarta daga gasar Eastbourne International saboda wata cuta da ta kamu da ita. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina withdraws from Eastbourne with viral illness |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3553687/rybakina-withdraws-from-eastbourne-with-viral-illness |access-date=2023-06-26 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Da ta dawo gasar Wimbledon a matsayin zakaran kare kambun, Rybakina ta doke Shelby Rogers, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wimbledon 2023 results: Elena Rybakina avoids upset against Shelby Rogers |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/66098410 |access-date=1 September 2026 |publisher=bbc}}</ref> Alize Cornet, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wimbledon 2023 results: Elena Rybakina beats injured Alize Cornet; Svitolina and Andreeva also win |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/66123645 |access-date=1 September 2026 |publisher=bbc}}</ref> Katie Boulter, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wimbledon 2023 results: Katie Boulter loses to Elena Rybakina |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/66143134 |access-date=1 September 2026 |publisher=bbc}}</ref> da Beatriz Haddad Maia <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wimbledon 2023: Elena Rybakina and Ons Jabeur through to quarter-finals |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/66156311 |access-date=1 September 2026 |publisher=bbc}}</ref> don isa zagayen kwata-kwata inda ta sha kashi a hannun Ons Jabeur a wasanni uku a sake fafatawa a wasan karshe na bara. Bayan rashin nasarar da ta yi a wasan kwata-kwata a Wimbledon, ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe a gasar Canadian Open a karon farko a tarihin rayuwarta. Ta doke Jennifer Brady da Sloane Stephens kafin ta doke Daria Kasatkina a wasan da ya ɗauki tsawon awanni 3 da mintuna 27, wanda shine wasa mafi tsawo a tarihin rayuwar Rybakina. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2023 |title=Rybakina outlasts Kasatkina in Montreal late-night marathon |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3628896/rybakina-outlasts-kasatkina-in-montreal-late-night-marathon |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> An kammala wasan da ƙarfe 2:55 na safe agogon yankin. A wasan kusa da na karshe, Rybakina ta sha kashi a hannun Liudmila Samsonova a zagaye uku, inda ta ba da rahoton cewa ta ji 'lalacewa' a jikinta a taron manema labarai bayan wasan saboda matsalolin jadawalin da ta fuskanta a lokacin gasar. Rybakina ya kai zagaye na uku na gasar Cincinnati Open kafin ya yi ritaya a zagaye na biyu da Jasmine Paolini . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-17 |title=Gauff cruises in Cincinnati; Paolini advances past injured Rybakina |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3638030/paolini-advances-past-rybakina-via-retirement-in-cincinnati |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ta kai zagaye na uku na gasar US Open a matsayin ta huɗu, inda ta sha kashi a hannun Sorana Cîrstea a zagaye uku. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Braden |first=Jonathon |date=2 September 2023 |title=Cirstea stuns former Wimbledon champion Rybakina at 2023 US Open |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2023-09-02/cirstea_stuns_former_wimbledon_champion_rybakina_at_2023_us_open.html |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]}}</ref> A gasar Beijing Open, Rybakina ta yi nasarar cin nasara a kan [[Sabalenka|Aryna Sabalenka,]] wacce take lamba 1 a duniya a zagayen kwata-kwata, kafin ta sha kashi a hannun Liudmila Samsonova a wasan kusa da na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-06 |title=Rybakina topples Sabalenka to round out Beijing semifinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3724547/rybakina-topples-sabalenka-to-round-out-beijing-semifinals |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, Rybakina ta buga gasar WTA ta farko, inda aka fitar da ita a matakin rukuni. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-11-03 |title=Top seed Sabalenka knocks Rybakina out of WTA Finals |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/top-seed-sabalenka-knocks-rybakina-out-wta-finals-2023-11-03/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> === 2024: Wasan kusa da na karshe na Wimbledon, lashe kofuna uku na WTA 500, rashin lafiya === Rybakina ta fara kakar wasa ta 2024 a Brisbane International inda ta doke Olivia Gadecki, Elise Mertens, Anastasia Potapova, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria Azarenka into Brisbane International singles semifinals with dramatic three-set win over Jelena Ostapenko |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-01-05/you-ruin-my-matches-ostapenko-to-umpire-loss-azarenka-brisbane/103288468 |access-date=1 September 2026 |publisher=abc.net}}</ref> da Linda Noskova <ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Brisbane International: Elena Rybakina Shines Bright: Overpowers Linda Noskova to Secure First Final of the Season |url=https://tennisuptodate.com/wta/match-report-2024-brisbane-international-elena-rybakina-shines-bright-overpowers-linda-noskova-to-secure-first-final-of-the-season |access-date=1 September 2026 |publisher=TennisUpToDate}}</ref> don shirya sake fafatawa a wasan karshe na Australian Open da suka fafata da [[Sabalenka|Aryna Sabalenka]] a bara, wanda ya sha kashi. Ta rama rashin nasarar da ta sha kaye a hannun Sabalenka a jere don lashe kambun, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elena Rybakina defeats Sabalenka in Brisbane to become first WTA title winner of the year |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/elena-rybakina-defeats-sabalenka-in-brisbane-to-become-first-wta-title-winner-of-the-year |access-date=8 July 2024 |publisher=Tennis.com}}</ref> kafin ta fita zagaye na biyu a gasar Australian Open da Anna Blinkova a wasan da ya kasance mafi tsayi a tarihin Grand Slam. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Crooks |first=Eleanor |date=18 January 2024 |title=Elena Rybakina loses longest-ever grand slam tiebreak in defeat to Anna Blinkova |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/rybakina-blinkova-tiebreak-australian-open-record-b2480901.html |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Rybakina ta lashe kambunta na biyu a gasar Abu Dhabi Open a watan Fabrairu, inda ta doke Danielle Collins <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina comes through tough Collins clash to reach Mubadala Abu Dhabi Open quarter-finals |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/tennis/2024/02/08/rybakina-comes-through-tough-collins-clash-to-reach-mubadala-abu-dhabi-open-quarter-finals/ |access-date=1 September 2026 |publisher=thenationalnews}}</ref>, Cristina Bucsa, Ludmilla Samsonova, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elena Rybakina snaps Liudmila Samsonova streak, surges into Abu Dhabi final |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/elena-rybakina-snaps-liudmila-samsonova-streak-surges-into-abu-dhabi-final |access-date=1 September 2026 |publisher=tennis.com}}</ref> da Daria Kasatkina . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mubadala Abu Dhabi Open: Elena Rybakina wins title with comfortable win against Daria Kasatkina |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13069162/mubadala-abu-dhabi-open-elena-rybakina-wins-title-with-comfortable-win-against-daria-kasatkina |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Daga nan ta kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar WTA 1000 Qatar Open, inda ta sha kashi a hannun Iga Świątek, sannan ta kai zagayen kwata na ƙarshe na gasar Dubai Open kafin ta janye saboda rashin lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-22 |title=Rybakina withdraws from Dubai; Paolini to face Cirstea in semifinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3906424/rybakina-withdraws-from-dubai-paolini-advances-to-semis |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinta na zakaran gasar Indian Wells Open, Rybakina ta tilasta janye daga gasar jim kaɗan kafin wasanta na farko saboda rashin lafiya. Daga nan ta buga wasa a gasar Miami Open, inda ta kai wasan karshe a karo na biyu a jere kafin ta sha kashi a hannun Danielle Collins . A watan Afrilu, Rybakina ta lashe kambunta na uku a kakar wasa ta bana a gasar Porsche Tennis Grand Prix da ke Stuttgart, inda ta doke Iga Świątek, wacce ta lashe kambun kare kambu sau biyu a wasan kusa da na karshe, sannan Marta Kostyuk ta yi nasara a jere a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2024 |title=Elena Rybakina targets grand slam success after winning in Stuttgart |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/elena-rybakina-stuttgart-french-open-b2532487.html |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe a gasar French Open, kafin ta sha kashi a hannun Jasmine Paolini, wacce ta zo ta biyu a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2024 |title=Paolini stuns Rybakina to reach French Open semis |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c0dd4xk3rpyo |access-date=8 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin da ake gudanar da gasar share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta shekarar nan, Rybakina ta yi ritaya saboda rashin lafiya a lokacin wasanta na kwata-kwata da Victoria Azarenka a gasar Berlin Ladies Open <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2024 |title=Unwell Rybakina retires in Berlin, rain delays matches |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/unwell-rybakina-retires-berlin-rain-delays-matches-2024-06-21/ |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=Reuters}}</ref> sannan ta janye daga gasar Eastbourne International ta mako mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2024 |title=Ostapenko, Dart prevail in Eastbourne; Rybakina withdraws |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4044356/ostapenko-dart-prevail-in-eastbourne-rybakina-withdraws |access-date=8 July 2024 |publisher=WTA}}</ref> A gasar Wimbledon, ta yi nasara a kan Caroline Wozniacki, tsohuwar 'yar wasa ta 1 a duniya, cikin mintuna 57 kacal, kuma ta sha kashi a wasa ɗaya kacal a zagaye na uku, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside Rybakina's 57-minute masterclass vs. Wozniacki at Wimbledon |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4052852/inside-rybakina-s-57-minute-masterclass-vs-wozniacki-at-wimbledon |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=Women's Tennis Association |publisher=WTA}}</ref> kafin ta lashe wasanta na gaba lokacin da abokiyar hamayyarta Anna Kalinskaya ta yi ritaya daga buga wasa a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Elena Rybakina back in Wimbledon quarter-finals after Anna Kalinskaya withdraws |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/elena-rybakina-wimbledon-elina-svitolina-centre-court-ons-jabeur-b2576031.html |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Daga nan sai Rybakina ta doke Elina Svitolina a wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina cruises past Svitolina into Wimbledon semifinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4055340/rybakina-cruises-past-svitolina-into-wimbledon-semifinals |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=Women's Tennis Association |publisher=WTA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2024 |title=Clinical Rybakina into Wimbledon semi-finals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/ck5g4g156g5o |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> kafin ta yi rashin nasara a hannun Barbora Krejčíková a wasan dab da na kusa da na karshe a wasa uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Barbara Krejcikova stuns former champion Elena Rybakina to reach first Wimbledon final |url=https://www.gbnews.com/sport/tennis/barbara-krejcikova-elena-rybakina-wimbledon-final |website=www.gbnews.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2024 |title=Krejcikova topples Rybakina to reach Wimbledon final |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4056426/krejcikova-topples-rybakina-to-reach-wimbledon-final |access-date=11 July 2024 |publisher=WTA}}</ref> Rybakina ya janye daga gasar Olympics ta Paris kwana biyu kafin fara gasar saboda ciwon huhu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olympic draw: Kerber faces Osaka in first round; Rybakina withdraws |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4067105/olympic-draw-kerber-faces-osaka-in-first-round-rybakina-withdraws |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Ta doke Destanee Aiava mai neman cancanta a zagaye na farko a gasar US Open <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2024 |title=US Open: Rybakina sees off spirited effort by qualifier Aiava |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/us-open-news/us-open-rybakina-through-to-second-round-781818.html |access-date=29 August 2024 |publisher=Tennis Majors}}</ref> amma daga baya ta janye daga gasar saboda raunin da ba a bayyana ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina's withdrawal from US Open sends Ponchet into third round |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4099969/rybakina-s-withdrawal-from-us-open-sends-ponchet-into-third-round |access-date=29 August 2024 |website=Women's Tennis Association |publisher=WTA}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Satumba, Rybakina ta sanar da cewa ba za ta buga dukkan wasannin Asiya na kakar wasa ba saboda raunin baya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina hopes to be ready for WTA Finals after withdrawing from Asian swing |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4128052/rybakina-hopes-to-be-ready-for-wta-finals-after-withdrawing-from-asian-swing |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Rybakina ta buga wasanta na farko tun watan Agusta a gasar WTA Finals a watan Nuwamba, inda ta sha kashi a gasar farko ta rukuni a hannun Jasmine Paolini a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2024 |title=Takeaways: Paolini beats Rybakina to win WTA Finals debut |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4161931/takeaways-paolini-beats-rybakina-to-win-wta-finals-debut |access-date=2 November 2024 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Ta sha kashi a wasanta na biyu a rukuni a zagaye uku a hannun [[Zheng Qinwen]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zheng strikes back: Levels her record at WTA Finals with win over Rybakina |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4162890/zheng-strikes-back-levels-her-record-at-wta-finals-with-win-over-rybakina |access-date=4 November 2024 |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> Duk da cewa ta doke Aryna Sabalenka, wacce take lamba 1 a duniya, a wasanta na ƙarshe a rukuni, Rybakina ta kasa kaiwa wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina hands No.1 Sabalenka first loss at WTA Finals Riyadh |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4164035/rybakina-hands-no-1-sabalenka-first-loss-at-wta-finals-riyadh |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> === 2025: Zakaran Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta WTA === Rybakina ta fara kakar wasanta a gasar cin kofin United ta 2025, inda ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe tare da kungiyar Kazakhstan. Daga nan ta buga gasar Australian Open, inda ta doke Emerson Jones <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina races through opening test against Jones |url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/rybakina-races-through-opening-test-against-jones |access-date=7 September 2026 |website=Australian Open}}</ref> da Iva Jovic, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina knocks out American teen Jovic to head into Australian Open third round |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/rybakina-knocks-out-american-teen-jovic-march-into-australian-open-third-round-2025-01-16/ |access-date=7 September 2026 |website=Reuters}}</ref> da Dayana Yastremska, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina casting runner-up heartbreak aside at AO 2025 |url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/rybakina-casting-runner-heartbreak-aside-ao-2025 |access-date=7 September 2026 |website=Australian Open}}</ref> duk a jere, kafin ta sha kashi a hannun zakaran gasar Madison Keys a zagaye na hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2025 |title=Madison Keys dispatches Rybakina in rollercoaster Australian Open match |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jan/20/madison-keys-dispatches-elena-rybakina-iga-swiatek-australian-open-tennis |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A matsayinta na zakaran kare kambun, Rybakina ta doke Katie Volynets da Ons Jabeur <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elena Rybakina defeats Ons Jabeur in dramatic Abu Dhabi clash |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/elena-rybakina-defeats-ons-jabeur-dramatic-abu-dhabi |access-date=7 September 2026 |publisher=tennis.com}}</ref> a gasar Abu Dhabi Open, kafin Belinda Bencic ta sha kashi a wasan kusa da na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bencic reaches first Tour final since maternity leave |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/cdjdp4dx11zo |access-date=7 September 2026 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Ta doke Rebecca Šramková <ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar Open: Rybakina reaches last eight |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/qatar-open-rybakina-reaches-last-eight-808341.html |access-date=7 September 2026 |publisher=Tennismajors}}</ref> don isa wasan kusa da na karshe na Qatar Open don shirya sake fafatawa a gasar zakarun Turai ta shekarun da suka gabata da Iga Świątek, kuma an doke ta a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Imperious Swiatek surges past Rybakina to reach Qatar Open semi-finals |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/doha-qatar-total-open-wta-500-wta-tour-news/imperious-swiatek-surges-past-rybakina-to-reach-qatar-open-semi-finals-808542.html |access-date=7 September 2026 |publisher=Tennismajors}}</ref> A Gasar Tennis ta Dubai ta 2025, Rybakina ta ceci maki 6 a wasanni yayin da take kan hanyarta ta doke Paula Badosa, wacce take lamba 10 a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2025 |title=Rybakina saves six match points to beat Badosa |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c3w16y08xlpo |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2025 |title=2025 DUBAI; Six match points saved! Watch each one as Rybakina edges Badosa in Dubai |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4218524/six-match-points-saved-watch-each-one-as-rybakina-edges-badosa-in-dubai}}</ref> Bayan haka, ta doke [[Sofia Kenin]] don kaiwa zagayen kusa da na karshe na biyu a gasar Gabas ta Tsakiya sannan kuma ta tara a gasar WTA 1000 inda ta sha kashi a zagaye uku ga matsayi na 12 kuma daga ƙarshe ta zama zakara Mirra Andreeva . <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2025 |title=By the numbers: Rybakina ousts Kenin to return to Dubai semifinals |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4219836/by-the-numbers-rybakina-ousts-kenin-to-return-to-dubai-semifinals |website=WTATennis}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2025 |title=Andreeva upsets Rybakina in Dubai to become youngest-ever WTA 1000 finalist |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4220732/andreeva-upsets-rybakina-in-dubai-to-become-youngest-ever-wta-1000-finalist |website=WTATennis}}</ref> A gasar Indian Wells, ta doke Suzan Lamens a zagaye na biyu da kuma Katie Boulter a zagaye na uku kafin ta sake shan kashi a hannun Andreeva a zagaye na hudu, a wannan karon a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Former champion Rybakina defeats Lamens to open Indian Wells campaign |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4229513/former-champion-rybakina-defeats-lamens-to-open-indian-wells-campaign |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-09 |title=Indian Wells: Katie Boulter falls short against Elena Rybakina in third round |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/44182609/indian-wells-katie-boulter-falls-short-elena-rybakina-third-round |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com |title=Mirra Andreeva scores Elena Rybakina win in rainy Indian Wells |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/mirra-andreeva-scores-elena-rybakina-win-rainy-indian-wells |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> Bayan da ta kai wasan ƙarshe a shekarar da ta gabata, Rybakina ta shiga gasar Miami Open ta 2025 a matsayi na bakwai, kuma ta sha kashi a hannun Ashlyn Krueger a zagaye uku a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2025 |title=Krueger upsets Rybakina in Miami for first Top 10 win |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4236310/krueger-upsets-rybakina-in-miami-for-first-top-10-win |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Ta kare maki 500 daga nasarar da ta samu a Stuttgart a shekarar da ta gabata, maimakon haka ta zaɓi ta buga wasannin share fage na gasar cin kofin Billie Jean King ta 2025 . Sakamakon haka, ta faɗi zuwa lamba 11 a jerin a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 2025, inda ta bar manyan 10 a karon farko tun daga Janairu 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mesic |first=Dzevad |date=2025-04-14 |title=Elena Rybakina set to exit top-10 after being put in uncomfortable spot |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/WTA_Tennis/154675/elena-rybakina-set-to-exit-top10-after-being-put-in-uncomfortable-spot-/ |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina Rankings History {{!}} WTA Official |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/324166/-/stats/ |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> A watan Afrilu, a gasar Madrid Open, Rybakina ta doke [[Bianca Andreescu]] a zagaye na biyu kafin ta sha kashi a hannun Elina Svitolina, wacce take matsayi na 17 a gasar a zagaye na uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina maintains undefeated record vs. Andreescu with Madrid win |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4254288/rybakina-maintains-undefeated-record-vs-andreescu-with-madrid-win |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Duk da haka, a gasar Italian Open ta 2025, ta doke Eva Lys a zagaye na biyu kafin ta sha kashi a hannun Andreescu a zagaye na uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Former champion Rybakina holds off Lys to reach Rome third round |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4262284/former-champion-rybakina-holds-off-lys-to-reach-rome-third-round |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andreescu Gets Revenge on Rybakina in Rome; Fernandez Out |url=https://www.tenniscanada.com/news/pro-tennis/2025/andreescu-gets-revenge-on-rybakina-in-rome-fernandez-out |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Tennis Canada |language=en}}</ref> A matsayin shiga gasar Internationaux de Strasbourg a minti na ƙarshe, Rybakina ta doke Wang Xinyu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina wins in Strasbourg; returning Badosa moves past injured Bouzkova |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4270015/rybakina-wins-in-strasbourg-returning-badosa-moves-past-injured-bouzkova |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Magda Linette, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina storms into Strasbourg semis; Haddad Maia tops Navarroa |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4270015/rybakina-wins-in-strasbourg-returning-badosa-moves-past-injured-bouzkova |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> da kuma Beatriz Haddad Maia mai matsayi na 9 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina into first final of 2025, will face Samsonova for title |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4272428/rybakina-to-face-samsonova-in-first-final-of-2025g |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> don isa wasan ƙarshe na farko tun Afrilu 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2025 |title=Two-time champion Svitolina among Strasbourg main-draw entries |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4257261/two-time-champion-svitolina-among-strasbourg-main-draw-entries |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref> <ref name="wta-matches" /> A wasan ƙarshe, ta doke Liudmila Samsonova mai matsayi na takwas a zagaye uku don lashe kambunta na farko cikin sama da shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Back on top: Rybakina ends yearlong title drought in Strasbourg |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4272951/back-on-top-rybakina-ends-yearlong-title-drought-in-strasbourg |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Rybakina, wanda ya zo na 12 a matsayi na uku, ya kai zagaye na huɗu na gasar French Open ta 2025, kafin ya sha kashi a hannun Iga Świątek a zagaye uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2025 |title=French Open 2025: Iga Swiatek beats Elena Rybakina in thriller as Aryna Sabalenka eases into quarter-finals |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/tennis/french-open-2025-swiatek-rybakina-sabalenka-results-b1230704.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |publisher=London Evening Standard}}</ref> Rybakina ta fara kakar wasanninta na ciyawa a gasar WTA mai matakai 500 ta Queen's Club Championships, inda ta sha kashi a wasan kusa da na karshe a hannun zakaran gasar, Tatjana Maria . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2025 |title='My whole family won this trophy': Maria completes title run at Queen's |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4287092/qualifier-maria-completes-dream-run-at-queens-wins-fourth-career-title |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ta kai zagayen kwata na biyu na gasar Berlin Open ta 2025, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Sabalenka|Aryna Sabalenka]] a zagaye uku, duk da cewa tana da maki hudu a wasanni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-20 |title=Sabalenka saves 4 match points, ousts Rybakina |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/45552297/sabalenka-saves-4-match-points-outlast-rybakina-berlin |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Bayan da ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe a shekarar 2024, Rybakina ta sha kashi a hannun Clara Tauson a zagaye na uku na Gasar Wimbledon ta 2025, daga baya ta fadi zuwa matsayi na 13 a jerin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dominant Rybakina into semis |url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2024-07-10/dominant_rybakina_into_semis.html |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=www.wimbledon.com}}</ref> [[File:Elena_Rybakina_(2025_DC_Open)_09.jpg|left|thumb| Rybakina a gasar DC Open ta 2025]] A watan Yuli, Rybakina ya buga gasar WTA 500-level 2025 DC Open, inda ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe kafin ya sha kashi a hannun Leylah Fernandez a wasan da ya dauki sama da awanni uku kuma ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida sau uku. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com |title=Leylah Fernandez shows fighting spirit to win DC Open tiebreak duel with Elena Rybakina |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/leylah-fernandez-shows-fighting-spirit-win-dc-open-tiebreak-duel-elena-rybakina |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ta buga wasa a gasar National Bank Open ta 2025 a Montreal, Kanada, inda ta sake kaiwa zagayen kusa da na karshe kafin ta sha kashi a hannun Victoria Mboko, wacce ta lashe gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2025 |title=Mboko completes dream week with win over Osaka in Montreal |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4336282/mboko-completes-dream-week-with-win-over-osaka-in-montreal |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> A gasar Cincinnati Open ta shekarar 2025, ta doke Madison Keys mai lamba 6 a duniya a zagaye na hudu, inda ta yi nasarar farko a kan 'yan wasa 10 mafiya kwarewa tun watan Fabrairu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina captures statement Top 10 victory in Cincinnati against Keys |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4340601/rybakina-captures-statement-top-10-victory-in-cincinnati-against-keys |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ta doke [[Sabalenka|Aryna Sabalenka]] mai lamba 1 a duniya a zagayen kwata-kwata, inda ta zama nasara ta 7 a kan ɗan wasa mai lamba 1 a duniya, kafin ta sake shan kashi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe a hannun Iga Świątek mai matsayi na 2 kuma wanda ya lashe gasar a ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-16 |title=Sabalenka stunned by Rybakina in Cincy quarters |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/45990400/elena-rybakina-upsets-aryna-sabalenka-reaches-cincinnati-semis |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2025 |title=Rybakina or Swiatek? One will leave Cincinnati with a statement win |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4341790/swiatek-books-cincinnati-semifinal-with-sabalenka-or-rybakina-up-next |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=Swiatek wins her 1st Cincinnati Open for 24th title |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/46011503/iga-swiatek-defeats-jasmine-paolini-cincinnati-open-final |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Rybakina, wacce ta zo ta 9 a gasar US Open ta 2025, ta doke Julieta Pareja 'yar shekara 16, wacce ta lashe gasar Tereza Valentová, da kuma abokiyar karawarta ta biyu kuma tsohuwar zakara [[Emma Raducanu]], inda ta kai zagaye na hudu a karon farko a tarihinta, inda ta sha kashi a hannun Markéta Vondroušová, Zakaran Wimbledon na 2023 a seti uku. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clair |first=Maciel |date=2025-08-25 |title=Rybakina advances to R2 over American teen Pareja at 2025 US Ope |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2025-08-25/rybakina_advances_to_r2_over_american_teen_pareja_at_2025_us_open.html |website=US Open}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Koiki |first=Adesina O. |date=2025-08-27 |title=Rybakina wins tight two-setter to advance to Round 3 of 2025 US Open |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2025-08-27/rybakina_wins_tight_twosetter_to_advance_to_round_3_of_2025_us_open.html |website=US Open}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-29 |title=Emma Raducanu's best US Open since her 2021 title ends with lopsided loss to Elena Rybakina |url=https://apnews.com/article/emma-raducanu-elena-rybakina-us-open-2025-8537083c468344b1ca7204ee5915733a |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paris |first=Jay |date=2025-08-31 |title=Resurgent Marketa Vondrousova ousts Elena Rybakina to reach 2025 US Open QFs |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2025-08-31/resurgent_marketa_vondrousova_ousts_elena_rybakina_to_reach_2025_us_open_qfs.html |website=US Open}}</ref> A gasar WTA 1000 ta China Open a watan Satumba, Rybakina ta yi bankwana a zagaye na farko, sannan ta doke Caty McNally a zagaye na biyu kafin ta sha kashi a hannun 'yar wasan Jamus Eva Lys a zagaye na uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's Tennis Association – Official Website |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/tournaments/china-open/draws |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250924085147/https://www.wtatennis.com/tournaments/china-open/draws |archive-date=2025-09-24 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DPDxLbcj_db/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lys upsets Rybakina in Beijing third round for first career Top 10 win |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4370894/lys-upsets-rybakina-in-beijing-third-round-for-first-career-top-10-win |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Bayan 'yan makonni, a gasar Wuhan Open mai matakai 1000, Rybakina ta sake samun nasara a zagaye na farko, kuma ta doke Jaqueline Cristian da Linda Nosková, kafin ta sha kashi a jere a hannun [[Sabalenka|Aryna Sabalenka]] a zagayen kwata-kwata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dongfeng Voyah Wuhan Open 2025 – Singles Main Draw |url=https://wtafiles.wtatennis.com/pdf/draws/2025/1075/MDS.pdf |website=WTA}}</ref> Da nufin samun cancantar shiga gasar WTA ta uku a jere, Rybakina ta doke Dayana Yastremska, mai neman cancanta Ajla Tomljanović, Jasmine Paolini mai matsayi na 2, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-18 |title=Rybakina stops Paolini in Ningbo to keep WTA Finals hopes alive |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4384591/rybakina-defeats-paolini-to-reach-ningbo-final-last-two-wta-finals-spots-remain-open |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> da kuma Ekaterina Alexandrova mai matsayi na 4 a gasar Ningbo Open mai matakai 500 don samun kambunta na biyu a shekara kuma na goma gaba daya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-19 |title=Perfect 10: Rybakina defeats Alexandrova to capture Ningbo title |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4385270/perfect-10-rybakina-defeats-alexandrova-to-claim-milestone-ningbo-title |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=WTA |title=2025 AUX NINGBO OPEN – Singles Main Draw |url=https://wtafiles.wtatennis.com/pdf/draws/2025/2092/MDS.pdf}}</ref> Daga nan ta shiga gasar Pan Pacific Open mai matakai 500, inda ta doke Leylah Fernandez da Victoria Mboko don samun gurbin karshe da ya rage a gasar WTA ta 2025, kafin ta janye daga gasar Tokyo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-23 |title=Rybakina secures qualification for WTA Finals to set star-studded singles field |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4388394/rybakina-secures-qualification-for-wta-finals-to-set-star-studded-singles-field |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-25 |title=Rybakina (back) pulls out of Pan Pacific Open |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/46718129/elena-rybakina-pulls-pan-pacific-open-citing-back-pain |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a gasar WTA Finals da aka yi a Riyadh, duk da cewa ita ce 'yar wasa ta ƙarshe da ta cancanci shiga gasar, Rybakina ta hau kan Amanda Anisimova, matsayi na 4, Iga Świątek mai lamba 2, da kuma Ekaterina Alexandrova mai matsayi na biyu don isa wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, inda ta doke Jessica Pegula mai matsayi na 5. A wasan ƙarshe, ta doke [[Sabalenka|Aryna Sabalenka,]] wacce take lamba 1 a duniya, don lashe kambun gasar WTA Finals, sannan ta tsawaita nasarorinta na wasanni 11 a jere. Sakamakon nasarar da ta samu ba tare da an doke ta ba, Rybakina ta sami kyautar dala miliyan 5.235, wadda ta karya tarihin gasar, kuma ta kammala kakar wasa a matsayin ta 5 a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com |title=Elena Rybakina finishes 2025 resurgence by beating world No. 1 Aryna Sabalenka to win WTA Finals |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/elena-rybakina-finishes-2025-resurgence-by-beating-world-no-1-aryna-sabalenka-to-win-wta-finals |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com |title=How Elena Rybakina rose to a "challenging" 2025 with WTA Finals victory |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/how-elena-rybakina-rose-to-a-challenging-2025-with-wta-finals-victory |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> === 2026: Zakaran Australian Open da US Open, ta zama ta 1 a duniya === Rybakina ta fara kakarta ne a gasar Brisbane International, inda ta sha kashi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na rukuni na takwas daga hannun Karolína Muchová, abin da ya kawo ƙarshen nasarorin wasanni 13 a jere da ta samu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-09 |title=Muchova halts Rybakina's win streak; to face Sabalenka in Brisbane semis |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4431345/muchova-extinguishes-rybakinas-win-streak-to-do-battle-with-sabalenka-in-brisbane-semis |access-date=2026-01-29 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ta buga gasar Australian Open ta 2026, inda ta doke Kaja Juvan,<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/dominant-rybakina-serves-ticket-ao-second-round|title=Dominant Rybakina serves up ticket to AO second round|date=20 January 2026|accessdate=14 September 2026|publisher=Australian Open}}</ref> Varvara Gracheva,<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/On_the_WTA_results_with/163387/australian-open-elena-rybakina-overcomes-early-struggles-to-register-twoset-2r-win/|title=Australian Open: Elena Rybakina overcomes early struggles to register two-set 2R win|publisher=TennisWorldUSA|accessdate=14 September 2026}}</ref> da Tereza Valentová, inda ta kai zagaye na huɗu. A nan ta doke Elise Mertens, wadda take matsayi na 21 a gasar, inda ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Grand Slam na farko tun Wimbledon 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina secures spot in the quarterfinals in Australia with aces |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2026/01/26/rybakina-secures-spot-in-the-quarterfinals-in-australia-with-aces |access-date=2026-01-29 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ta doke Iga Świątek, wadda take matsayi na 2 a duniya, a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, sannan ta doke Jessica Pegula a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe kafin na ƙarshe, ba tare da ta rasa set ko ɗaya ba. Wasan ƙarshe ya kasance maimaitawar wasan ƙarshe na Australian Open na 2023 da na WTA Finals na 2025, inda ta sake fuskantar Aryna Sabalenka, wadda take matsayi na 1 a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Services |first=ESPN News |date=2026-01-28 |title=Elena Rybakina tops Iga Swiatek to reach Australian Open semis |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/47749376/elena-rybakina-defeats-iga-swiatek-straight-sets-reach-2026-australian-open-semifinals |access-date=2026-01-29 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Eccleshare |first=Charlie |date=2026-01-29 |title=Elena Rybakina fends off Jessica Pegula comeback for Australian Open final with Aryna Sabalenka |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7006303/2026/01/29/australian-open-semifinals-pegula-rybakina-result-analysis/ |access-date=2026-01-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A wasan ƙarshe, ta doke Sabalenka a cikin set uku, inda ta lashe babban kofinta na biyu. Sabanin nasarar da ta samu a babban gasa ta farko a 2022, Rybakina ta samu maki 2,000 sakamakon lashe gasar, kuma hakan ya mayar da ita matsayi na 3 a duniya a karon farko tun Janairu 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rybakina outlasts Sabalenka in three sets to capture first Australian Open title|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4442160/rybakina-earns-place-among-games-elites-with-first-australian-open-second-major-title|website=Women's Tennis Association|date=2026-01-31|access-date=2026-01-31|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Rybakina's calm celebration after Australian Open triumph shocks fans |url=https://www.khelwire.com/articles/rybakinas-calm-celebration-after-australian-open-triumph-shocks-fans |website=Khelwire |access-date=January 31, 2026 |date=January 31, 2026}}</ref> A lokacin gasannin Gabas ta Tsakiya, ta sha kashi a hannun Victoria Mboko a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Qatar Open, sannan ta janye daga wasan zagaye na uku da Antonia Ružić a Dubai Open saboda rashin lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Mboko ends Rybakina's winning streak in three-set thriller; into Doha semis|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4449526/mboko-ends-rybakinas-winning-streak-in-three-set-thriller-into-doha-semis|website=Women's Tennis Association|date=2026-02-12|access-date=2026-02-13|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/gi-illness-elena-rybakina-retire-dubai-lucky-loser-ruzic-anisimova-andreeva-pegula|title=GI Illness forces Elena Rybakina to retire in Dubai, as lucky loser Antonia Ruzic advances|date=18 February 2026|website=tennis.com}}</ref> A gasar Indian Wells Open, ta doke Jessica Pegula, wadda take matsayi na biyar, inda ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Bayan nasarar da ta samu a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, ta zama ta 2 a duniya a karon farko a rayuwarta ta wasan tennis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4468426/rybakina-will-jump-to-no-2-in-wta-rankings-overtaking-swiatek|title=Rybakina set to rise to No. 2 in WTA rankings, overtaking Swiatek|website=WTA|accessdate=14 March 2026}}</ref> Ta doke Elina Svitolina a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, inda ta samu damar sake fuskantar Aryna Sabalenka a wasan ƙarshe, wanda ya kasance maimaitawar wasan ƙarshe na Indian Wells Open na 2023 da kuma wasan ƙarshe na Australian Open na 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4468706/rybakina-pushes-past-svitolina-to-set-up-sabalenka-showdown-in-indian-wells-final|title=Rybakina hits 12 straight Top 10 wins, earns Indian Wells final rematch with Sabalenka|website=WTA|accessdate=18 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4468887/advantage-sabalenka-or-rybakina-making-the-case-for-the-indian-wells-finalists|title=Advantage Sabalenka or Rybakina? Making the case for the Indian Wells finalists|website=WTA|accessdate=18 March 2026}}</ref> Rybakina ta sha kashi a wasan ƙarshe cikin set uku masu tsauri, duk da cewa ta samu damar lashe gasar a lokacin tiebreak na set na uku.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4469923/aryna-sabalenka-solves-elena-rybakina-to-win-first-indian-wells-23rd-wta-title|title=Sabalenka saves championship point to win Indian Wells thriller over Rybakina|website=WTA|accessdate=18 March 2026}}</ref> A gasar Miami Open, ta doke Talia Gibson wadda ta samu gurbin shiga gasar ta hanyar cancanta, inda ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, tare da sake haduwa da Jessica Pegula a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe kamar yadda suka yi a Indian Wells Open.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4475320/rybakina-cruises-pegula-dominant-to-set-up-miami-showdown|title=Rybakina cruises, Pegula dominant to set up Miami showdown|website=WTA|accessdate=18 March 2026}}</ref> Ta doke Pegula bayan dawowa daga baya a cikin set uku, inda ta sake fuskantar Aryna Sabalenka a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, amma tafiyarta ta ƙare bayan ta sha kashi a set biyu kai tsaye.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4476383/five-in-a-row-rybakina-beats-pegula-again-to-make-miami-semis|title=Five in a row! Rybakina beats Pegula again to make Miami semis|website=WTA|accessdate=26 March 2026}}</ref> Rybakina ta fara kakar wasannin kotun laka a Stuttgart Open a matsayin wadda take matsayi na farko, inda aka ba ta hutun zagaye na farko. Daga nan ta doke Diana Shnaider<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4488911/top-seeded-elena-rybakina-handles-diana-shnaider-to-book-stuttgart-quarters-spot|title=Top-seeded Rybakina handles Shnaider to book Stuttgart quarters spot|website=WTA|accessdate=17 April 2026}}</ref> a zagaye na biyu, ta kubuta daga maki biyu na rashin nasara a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe bayan fafatawar da ta ɗauki sa'o'i uku da Leylah Fernandez, sannan ta doke Mirra Andreeva a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, inda ta kai wasan ƙarshe na uku a wannan shekara.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4489817/rybakina-surges-past-andreeva-to-reach-third-final-of-2026-in-stuttgart|title=Rybakina surges past Andreeva to reach third final of 2026 in Stuttgart|website=WTA|accessdate=18 April 2026}}</ref> A wasan ƙarshe, ta doke Karolína Muchová, wadda take matsayi na 7, a set biyu kai tsaye, inda ta lashe Stuttgart Open a karo na biyu a tarihinta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4490060/rybakina-outshines-muchova-in-stuttgart-for-first-repeat-title-13th-overall|title=Rybakina returns to winner's circle in Stuttgart with straight-sets win over Muchova|website=WTA|accessdate=19 April 2026}}</ref> A Madrid, ta doke Elena-Gabriela Ruse,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rybakina, Zheng pull off comebacks in Madrid to set third-round meeting|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4492818/rybakina-zheng-pull-off-comebacks-in-madrid-to-set-third-round-meeting|publisher=WTA|accessdate=29 April 2026}}</ref> da Zheng Qinwen<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rybakina prevails in tight three-setter against Zheng in Madrid|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4494146/rybakina-prevails-in-tight-three-setter-against-zheng-in-madrid|publisher=WTA|accessdate=29 April 2026}}</ref> kafin lucky loser Anastasia Potapova ta ba ta mamaki a zagaye na huɗu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Potapova stuns Rybakina in midnight upset to reach Madrid quarterfinals|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4494794/potapova-stuns-rybakina-in-midnight-upset-to-reach-madrid-quarterfinals|publisher=WTA|accessdate=29 April 2026}}</ref> An ba ta hutun zagaye na farko a Rome a matsayin wadda take matsayi na biyu. Daga nan ta doke Maria Sakkari,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eala reaches new clay milestone in Rome; to face Rybakina in third round|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4500567/takeaways-eala-downs-wang-for-milestone-rome-victory|publisher=WTA|accessdate=9 May 2026}}</ref> Alexandra Eala,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rybakina secures tour-leading 29th victory with win over Eala in Rome|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4501540/elena-rybakina-returns-to-rome-final-16-defeats-alexandra-eala-in-29th-win-of-season|publisher=WTA|accessdate=12 May 2026}}</ref> da Karolína Plíšková<ref>{{Cite web|title=Svitolina, Rybakina dominate as quarterfinal clash of past Rome champions awaits|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4502303/elina-svitolina-elena-rybakina-dominate-to-set-rome-quarterfinal-clash-past-champions-pliskova-bartunkova|publisher=WTA|accessdate=12 May 2026}}</ref> duk a set biyu kai tsaye, inda ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. A nan ta sha kashi a hannun Elina Svitolina, bayan ta samu nasarar canza maki 4 kacal daga cikin damar break 20.<ref>{{cite web |title=Svitolina saves 16 break points, stuns Rybakina to reach first Rome semifinal since 2018|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4503296/svitolina-saves-16-break-points-stuns-rybakina-to-reach-first-rome-semifinal-since-2018|website=Women's Tennis Association |access-date=May 17, 2026}}</ref> A French Open, Yulia Starodubtseva ta ba ta mamaki a zagaye na biyu, abin da ya zama fitar tata mafi wuri a gasar tun 2020, kuma a babban gasa tun Australian Open na 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4510325/starodubtseva-stuns-no-2-seed-rybakina-in-dramatic-roland-garros-upset|title=Starodubtseva delivers latest upset, edges Rybakina at Roland Garros|publisher=WTA|access-date=29 June 2026}}</ref> Rybakina ta samu sakamako mara kyau a kakar wasannin kotun ciyawa, inda ta sha kashi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Queen's Club a hannun fitacciyar 'yar wasan gida Katie Boulter<ref>{{Cite web|title=Boulter upsets top seed Rybakina, Vekic wins doubleheader at Queen's|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4518528/katie-boulter-upsets-top-seed-elena-rybakina-donna-vekic-wins-czech-doubleheader|publisher=WTA|accessdate=29 June 2026}}</ref> sannan a zagaye na biyu na Berlin Open a hannun Alexandra Eala. Wannan shi ne karo na farko tun Maris 2025 da Rybakina ta yi rashin nasara a wasanni biyu a jere.<ref>{{Cite web|title='I'm still shaking': Eala delivers Berlin shocker, ousts World No. 2 Rybakina in straight sets|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4521872/im-still-shaking-eala-delivers-berlin-shocker-ousts-world-no-2-rybakina-in-straight-sets|publisher=WTA|accessdate=29 June 2026}}</ref> A Wimbledon, ta doke Loïs Boisson,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rybakina survives Boisson scare to advance at Wimbledon, notch 300th WTA Tour win|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4528838/rybakina-survives-boisson-scare-to-advance-at-wimbledon|publisher=WTA|access-date=12 August 2026}}</ref> da Caty McNally<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/wimbledon_2026_2R_mcnally_rybakina|title=Rybakina continues Wimbledon winning record|publisher=Wimbledon|access-date=12 August 2026}}</ref> kafin ta sha kashi a hannun Elise Mertens, wanda ya zama karo na biyu a jere da ta fita a zagaye na uku na gasar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/wimbledon_2026_mertens_rybakina_r3|title=Mertens stuns 2022 champion Rybakina|publisher=Wimbledon|access-date=12 August 2026}}</ref> Rybakina kuma tana cikin 'yan wasan da ke neman zama ta 1 a duniya a farkon gasar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Rybakina can take the No. 1 ranking from Sabalenka at Wimbledon|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4526248/how-elena-rybakina-can-take-world-no-1-from-aryna-sabalenka-at-wimbledon|publisher=WTA|access-date=12 August 2026}}</ref> File:Elena Rybakina at the 2026 Wimbledon Championships (1) (cropped).jpg | thumb | right | upright=.7 |Rybakina a gasar Wimbledon ta 2026 A matsayi na biyu, Rybakina ta samu hutun shiga zagaye na biyu na Canadian Open ta 2026. Daga nan ta doke Daria Kasatkina a cikin set uku,<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4554728/58-winners-58-errors-rybakina-delivers-mixed-bag-to-beat-kasatkina-in-toronto|title=58 winners, 58 errors: Rybakina delivers mixed bag to beat Kasatkina in Toronto|publisher=WTA|accessdate=13 August 2026}}</ref> Ann Li a cikin set biyu kai tsaye,<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://nationalbankopen.com/news/read/2026/toronto-daily-recap-served-up-sobeys-day-7-august-7-eala-fernandez-rybakina-jovic|title=Toronto Day 7 Recap Served Up by Sobeys: Fernandez Shocks Andreeva, Eala Fights On|publisher=National Bank Open|accessdate=13 August 2026}}</ref> sannan ta samu nasarar dawowa daga baya a wani wasa mai tsauri da Ludmilla Samsonova, inda ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe.<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://nationalbankopen.com/news/read/2026/nbo-toronto-results-day-9-rybakina-gauff-fernandez-eala|title=Rybakina Survives Scare to Reach Quarter-Finals; Eala, Fernandez Eliminated|publisher=National Bank Open|accessdate=13 August 2026}}</ref> A can, ta dawo daga rashin nasara da set ɗaya da break ɗaya a hannun tsohuwar ta 1 a duniya Naomi Osaka, inda ta doke ta a wasa mai tsauri na set uku, ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar a karo na uku a jere.<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4557966/rybakina-shows-champions-grit-in-comeback-win-over-osaka-to-reach-toronto-semis|title=Rybakina shows champion's grit in comeback win over Osaka; reaches Toronto semis|publisher=WTA|accessdate=13 August 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://nationalbankopen.com/news/read/2026/toronto-daily-recap-served-up-sobeys-day-11-august-11-rybakina-osaka-gauff-kawhi-leonard|title=Toronto Day 11 Recap Served Up by Sobeys: Gauff, Rybakina Complete Semifinal Bracket|publisher=National Bank Open|accessdate=13 August 2026}}</ref> Ta sake samun nasarar dawowa daga baya a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da Coco Gauff bayan ta rasa set ɗaya, inda ta lashe maki 13 a jere a set na biyu, sannan ta samu nasara a set uku a wasan da ya ƙare kusan ƙarfe 1:00 na dare agogon wurin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/49596853/gauff-drops-3-setter-rybakina-national-bank-open-semifinals |access-date=2026-08-23 |website=www.espn.com|title=Gauff drops 3-setter to Rybakina in National Bank Open semifinals}}</ref> A wasan ƙarshe na matakin WTA 1000 na bakwai da ta shiga, ta sha kashi a hannun Iga Świątek.<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4559201/swiatek-ends-yearlong-title-drought-in-toronto-after-sweeping-past-rybakina-in-straight-sets|title=Swiatek wins first title of 2026 after sweeping past Rybakina in Toronto|publisher=WTA|accessdate=17 August 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4558792/by-the-numbers-rybakina-claims-tour-leading-26th-hardcourt-win-to-reach-final|title=By the Numbers: Rybakina claims tour-leading 26th hardcourt win to reach final|publisher=WTA|accessdate=13 August 2026}}</ref> Rybakina tana cikin 'yan wasan da ke neman zama ta 1 a duniya a farkon gasar, amma Aryna Sabalenka ta riƙe matsayinta bayan ta kai zagaye na huɗu.<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4559575/rankings-watch-swiatek-returns-to-top-5-rybakina-narrows-gap-to-no-1|title=Rankings Watch: Swiatek returns to Top 5, Rybakina narrows gap to No. 1|publisher=WTA|accessdate=17 August 2026}}</ref> A Cincinnati Open, Rybakina ta sake samun hutun zagaye na farko a matsayin wadda take matsayi na biyu, sannan ta doke Taylor Townsend,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina stops Townsend in two sets in return to Cincinnati |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4560630/rybakina-stops-townsend-in-return-to-cincinnati |access-date=2026-08-23 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Magdalena Fręch,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-17 |title=Cincinnati Open 2026 — Rybakina Overcomes Rain to Beat Frech; Swiatek Completes Turnaround Against Sakkari |url=https://ground.news/article/live-updates-elena-rybakina-dispatches-frech-in-the-3rd-round-at-the-cincinnati-open-cincinnati-results |access-date=2026-08-23 |website=Ground News |language=en}}</ref> da Diana Shnaider wadda take matsayi na 14,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unHVYg1mznA |title=Diana Shnaider vs. Elena Rybakina {{!}} 2026 Cincinnati Round of 16 {{!}} WTA Match Highlights |date=2026-08-19 |last=WTA |access-date=2026-08-23 |via=YouTube}}</ref> duk a cikin set biyu kai tsaye, inda ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. A nan ta sake fuskantar Iga Świątek, wanda ya kasance maimaitawar wasan ƙarshe na makon da ya gabata a Toronto. Bayan Aryna Sabalenka ta sha kashi a zagaye na huɗu na gasar, Rybakina tana buƙatar kaiwa wasan ƙarshe domin ta samu matsayi na 1 a duniya. Sai dai ta janye a set na farko da Świątek bayan ta samu rauni a ƙafarta ta hagu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-20 |title=Swiatek reaches Cincinnati semifinals as Rybakina succumbs to left ankle injury |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4563969/swiatek-reaches-cincinnati-semifinals-as-rybakina-succumbs-to-left-ankle-injury |access-date=2026-08-23 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Rybakina ta shiga [[2026 US Open – Women's singles|US Open]] bayan ta shafe cikakkiyar mako ba tare da buga wasa ba saboda raunin da ta samu a Cincinnati.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sode |first=Scott |date=September 7, 2026 |title=From injury scare to world No. 1? Rybakina's 'amazing progress' at US Open |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2026-09-07/from_injury_scare_to_world_no_1_rybakinas_amazing_progress_at_us_open.html |website=US Open}}</ref> Ta doke 'yar wasan da aka ba gurbin shiga na musamman [[Thea Frodin]]<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2026-09-01/elena_rybakina_ousts_serenas_body_double_thea_frodin_at_2026_us_open.html|title=Elena Rybakina ousts Serena’s body double Thea Frodin at 2026 US Open|publisher=US Open|accessdate=1 September 2026}}</ref> da kuma [[Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro|Jessica Bouzas Maniero]]<ref>{{Citeweb|title=Rybakina advances to US Open third round, closing in on No. 1 ranking|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4571925/rybakina-moves-closer-to-no-1-ranking-with-straight-sets-win-at-us-open|publisher=WTA|access-date=4 September 2026}}</ref> domin ta kai zagaye na uku, inda ta doke [[Yulia Starodubtseva]],<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2026-09-05/no_2_seed_rybakina_fends_off_starodubtseva_to_reach_2026_us_open_fourth_round.html|title=No. 2 seed Rybakina fends off Starodubtseva to reach 2026 US Open fourth round|publisher=US Open|access-date=8 September 2026}}</ref> wadda ta sha kashi a hannunta a French Open a farkon shekarar. Daga nan ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na US Open a karon farko a tarihinta bayan gagarumar nasara da ta samu kan tsohuwar zakara [[Naomi Osaka]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sode |first=Scott |date=September 7, 2026 |title=Ruthless Elena Rybakina powers past Osaka to reach 2026 US Open QFs |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2026-09-07/ruthless_elena_rybakina_powers_past_osaka_to_reach_2026_us_open_qfs.html |website=US Open}}</ref> Bayan ta yi rashin nasara a set na farko a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da [[Zheng Qinwen]], ta yi nasarar dawowa ta yi nasara, ta kai wasan kusa da wasan ƙarshe, sannan ta tabbatar da matsayi na [[List of WTA number 1 ranked singles tennis players|1]] a jerin matsayin 'yan wasan WTA.<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2026-09-09/elena_rybakina_defeats_zheng_in_2026_us_open_quarterfinals_to_clinch_no_1_ranking.html|title=Elena Rybakina defeats Zheng in 2026 US Open quarterfinals to clinch No. 1 ranking|publisher=US Open|accessdate=10 September 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4574290/history-maker-elena-rybakina-captures-pif-wta-world-no1-singles-ranking|title=History-maker Elena Rybakina captures PIF WTA World No.1 singles ranking|publisher=[[Women's Tennis Association]]|date=9 September 2026|access-date=9 September 2026|language=en}}</ref> Ta zama 'yar wasa ta 30 da ta kai matsayi na 1, 'yar wasa ta farko da ke wakiltar [[Kazakhstan]] da ta kai wannan matsayi, sannan kuma ta zama 'yar wasa ta biyu mafi tsufa da ta fara zama ta 1 a tarihin WTA, inda [[Angelique Kerber]] ce kaɗai ta fi ta girma lokacin da ta fara zama ta 1.<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4574266/the-long-methodical-road-that-carried-elena-rybakina-to-no-1|title=The long, methodical road that carried Elena Rybakina to No. 1|publisher=WTA|accessdate=10 September 2026}}</ref> Ta sake yin nasarar dawowa daga rashin nasara a kan [[Coco Gauff]] a wasan kusa da wasan ƙarshe, inda ta kai wasan ƙarshe na US Open a karon farko, kuma ta sake haduwa da [[Aryna Sabalenka]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wallace |first=Ava |date=2026-09-11 |title=Elena Rybakina stops Coco Gauff’s U.S. Open surge to face Aryna Sabalenka in the final |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7582161/2026/09/10/us-open-coco-gauff-elena-rybakina-semifinal-result-analysis/ |access-date=2026-09-11 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A wasan ƙarshe, ta kawo ƙarshen jerin nasarorin Sabalenka na wasanni 19 a US Open, wadda ta kasance zakara sau biyu a jere, inda ta lashe babban kofi na uku a rayuwarta da kuma kambin US Open na farko.<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2026-09-12/rybakina_defeats_two-time_defending_champion_sabalenka_to_win_2026_us_open.html|title=Rybakina defeats two-time defending champion Sabalenka to win 2026 US Open|publisher=US Open|date=13 September 2026|access-date=13 September 2026}}</ref> Ta zama 'yar wasa ta uku a ƙarni na 21, bayan [[Angelique Kerber]] da Sabalenka, da ta lashe [[Australian Open]] da [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] a cikin shekara guda.<ref name=#USO26Final>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4575707/rybakina-halts-sabalenkas-three-peat-bid-to-capture-first-us-open-title|title=The new No. 1 has a new US Open trophy: Rybakina ends Sabalenka's reign|publisher=WTA|accessdate=12 September 2026}}</ref> ==Salon wasa== [[File:Elena Rybakina Serves at 2024 Brisbane International (cropped).tif|alt=Elena Rybakina tana bugun kwallon tennis a gasar Brisbane International ta 2024|left|thumb|upright=.7|Rybakina tana yin serve a gasar Brisbane International ta 2024]] Tare da ƙwararren serve mai ƙarfi, Rybakina 'yar wasan baya ce mai kai hari, wadda ke ƙoƙarin kammala maki cikin sauri, kuma salon wasanta mai ɗauke da babban haɗari yana haifar da yawan samun maki masu nasara da kuma kura-kuran da ba a tilasta su ba. Tana iya samar da ƙarfi cikin sauƙi, a duka bugun ƙasa da serve.<ref name="baseliner">{{cite web |last1=Biswas |first1=Rudra |title=Strasbourg 2020 final: Elina Svitolina vs Elena Rybakina preview, head-to-head & prediction |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/tennis/strasbourg-2020-final-elina-svitolina-vs-elena-rybakina-preview-head-to-head-prediction |website=Sports Keeda |access-date=27 September 2020 |date=26 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="21-and-under">{{cite web |last1=McCarvel |first1=Nick |title=The 21 & Under Club, 2020 Edition: Elena Rybakina |website=Tennis.com |access-date=27 September 2020 |date=27 July 2020 |url=https://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2020/07/21-under-club-2020-edition-elena-rybakina/89733/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=2025-11-08 |title=Elena Rybakina paints the lines to triumph over Aryna Sabalenka at WTA Tour Finals |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6789352/2025/11/08/sabalenka-rybakina-wta-tour-finals-result-analysis/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Forehand da backhand ɗinta duk ana buga su a mike, tare da zurfi da sauri ba tare da gajiyawa ba, wanda ke ba ta damar samar da ƙarfi sosai da duka bugun ƙasa nata, kuma tana iya samun maki masu nasara da duka bugun biyu.<ref name="profiler">{{cite web |title=Elena Rybakina |url=https://www.tennisprofiler.com/wtaplayer/Rybakina-Elena |website=Tennis Profiler |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> Serve ɗinta, wanda zai iya kaiwa gudun {{cvt|127|mph}},<ref name="espnrybakinachampion"/> yana ba ta damar yin yawan ace. Ta jagoranci gasar wajen yawan ace a shekarar 2020, da ace 192, sannan kuma a shekarar 2025 da ace 516, lokacin da ta zama 'yar wasa ta farko tun Karolína Plíšková a shekarar 2016 da ta buga sama da ace 500 a kakar wasa guda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DQw8YrYlHH-/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref><ref name="stats-2020">{{cite web |title=Stats Hub 2020 |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/stats/2020 |website=WTA Tennis |access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com |title=Most aces in 2025: Elena Rybakina becomes first woman in nine years to surpass 500 aces |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/most-aces-in-2025-elena-rybakina-first-woman-in-nine-years-to-surpass-500-aces-taylor-fritz |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> A tsawon rayuwarta a WTA Tour, ta buga ace 2,513, wanda shi ne adadi na 9 mafi yawa a gasar tun shekarar 2008. Haka kuma tana da kyakkyawan motsi duk da tsayinta, kodayake wannan yana daga cikin wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi sosai a wasanta.<ref name="now">{{cite web |last=Oddo |first=Chris |date=19 February 2020 |title=Get to Know: 20 Year Old Sensation Elena Rybakina |url=http://www.tennisnow.com/News/2020/February/Get-to-Know-20-Year-Old-Sensation-Elena-Rybakina.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220153534/http://www.tennisnow.com/News/2020/February/Get-to-Know-20-Year-Old-Sensation-Elena-Rybakina.aspx |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=24 February 2020 |website=Tennis Now}}</ref> Adriano Albanesi, wani kocin WTA, ya bayyana ta a matsayin "[Petra] Kvitová ta hannun dama".<ref>{{cite web |language=it |last1=Nizegorodcew |first1=Alessandro |title=Rybakina e le altre: chi sono le ragazze pronte per il boom |trans-title=Rybakina and the others: Who are the girls ready for the boom? |url=https://www.supertennis.tv/News/Next-Gen/200226-intervista-coach-Albanesi-non-solo-Rybakina-Next-Gen-Wta |website=Super Tennis |access-date=27 September 2020 |date=25 February 2020}}</ref> Rybakina tana buga wasa cikin natsuwa sosai, kuma ta yi imanin cewa za ta iya doke kowace 'yar wasa.<ref name=kenin/><ref name=21-and-under/><ref name="calm">{{cite web |title=Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships Elena Rybakina |url=http://www.asapsports.com/show_interview.php?id=157238 |website=ASAP Sports |date=20 February 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> ==Masu horaswa== Rybakina ta ɗauki Andrei Chesnokov, wanda ta riga ta yi atisaye tare da shi a Spartak Tennis Club, a matsayin kocinta na musamman a shekarar 2018 tana da shekaru 18. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da ta samu koci na kanta. Chesnokov yana horas da ita ne kawai a Moscow kuma ba ya tafiya tare da ita zuwa gasanni.<ref name=get-to-know/><ref name=ubi/> A watan Fabrairun 2019, Rybakina ta sauya koci zuwa Stefano Vukov, tsohon ɗan wasan tennis ɗan Croatia wanda ya taɓa buga wasanni musamman a gasar ITF Futures na ɗan lokaci.<ref name=school/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nguyen |first1=Courtney |title=Coaching Dossier: Stefano Vukov – 'It's a 24-hour job' |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/1654636/coaching-dossier-stefano-vukov-it-s-a-24-hour-job- |website=WTA Tennis |access-date=27 September 2020 |date=9 April 2020}}</ref> Da Vukov a matsayin kocinta na farko da ke tafiya tare da ita, Rybakina ta inganta cikin sauri, inda ta tashi daga kusan matsayi na 200 na farko a jerin WTA zuwa cikin manyan 30 cikin kusan shekara guda.<ref name=get-to-know/><ref name=ubi/> A watan Nuwamba 2024, ta sanar da Goran Ivanišević a matsayin sabon kocinta bayan ta rabu da Vukov bayan US Open na wannan shekarar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4160951/rybakina-hires-goran-ivanisevic-as-new-coach-in-2025 |title=Rybakina hires Goran Ivanisevic as new coach in 2025 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association |accessdate=1 November 2024}}</ref> Sun yi aiki tare har zuwa lokacin da ta fita daga Australian Open na 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c62eg7vnve5o |title=Ivanisevic stops coaching Rybakina after trial period ends |publisher=BBC |accessdate=23 January 2024}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2025, Rybakina ta sake ɗaukar Vukov a matsayin ƙarin koci; daga baya WTA ta dakatar da shi yayin binciken da aka yi masa ƙarƙashin dokar ɗabi'a,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6034236/2025/01/02/rybakina-vukov-coach-suspended-wta-investigation/ |title=Elena Rybakina's former coach Stefano Vukov suspended by WTA under code of conduct investigation |work=The New York Times |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |last2=Eccleshare |first2=Charlie |date=11 February 2025}}</ref> sannan daga baya aka hana shi shiga harkar na tsawon watanni 12, lamarin da ya hana shi samun izinin shiga gasannin da WTA ta amince da su.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6035283/2025/02/11/stefano-vukov-wta-ban-report-elena-rybakina-coach/ |title=WTA bans Stefano Vukov, Elena Rybakina's former coach, for one year after code of conduct investigation |work=The New York Times |last1=Eccleshare |first1=Charlie |last2=Futterman |first2=Matthew |date=18 February 2025}}</ref> A lokacin da ba ya nan, Rybakina ta ɗauki kocin Italiya kuma tsohon ɗan wasan ATP Tour Davide Sanguinetti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rybakina adds Davide Sanguinetti to her coaching team |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/wta-tour-news/abu-dhabi-womens-tennis-open-wta-500-wta-tour-news/rybakina-adds-davide-sanguinetti-to-her-coaching-team-806511.html |website=Tennis Majors |access-date=18 November 2025 |date=2 February 2025}}</ref> An cire dokar hana Vukov a watan Agustan wannan shekarar, kuma ya koma horas da Rybakina.<ref>{{cite news |last=Eccleshare |first=Charlie |date=8 August 2025 |title=Elena Rybakina's barred coach Stefano Vukov has WTA Tour suspension lifted after appeal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6542878/2025/08/08/elena-rybakina-coach-suspension-lifted-stefano-vukov-wta |work=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 August 2025}}</ref> A cewar The Athletic, Rybakina ta gaya wa wasu mutane cewa "dangantakarta da [Vukov] ta zama ta sirri kuma ta soyayya"; an kuma ce sun taɓa raba ɗakin otal a Melbourne a lokacin Australian Open.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |last2=Eccleshare |first2=Charlie |title=The 'relationship of dependence' between a barred coach and a Wimbledon champion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6136528/2025/02/18/tennis-elena-rybakina-stefano-vukov-ex-coach-banned-wta/ |work=The Athletic |date=18 February 2025}}</ref> A ƙarshen 2025, Rybakina ta kuma ƙara kocin tennis ɗan Ukraine kuma tsohon ɗan wasa Stanislav Khmarskyi cikin tawagar masu horas da ita.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DUTRotKE4-S |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> ==Gasar fafatawa== ===Aryna Sabalenka=== {{Main|Rybakina–Sabalenka rivalry}} Rybakina tana da babbar fafatawa da Aryna Sabalenka, inda 'yan wasan biyu suka fuskanci juna a wasannin ƙarshe na manyan gasa sau uku. Sun buga da juna sau 18 tun daga shekarar 2019, inda Sabalenka ke kan gaba a tarihin wasanninsu da ci 10–8, yayin da Rybakina ke kan gaba a wasannin ƙarshe da ci 5–2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Head-to-Head Compare Stats & Match History – WTA Tennis |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/head-to-head/320760/324166 |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> An san 'yan wasan biyu da salon buga wasan baya mai kai hari, wanda ke haifar da wasanni masu sauri da tsananin fafatawa. Ana ɗaukar wannan fafatawa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyau a zamaninsu.<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/sabalenka-avenges-ao-defeat-rybakina-wtas-best-rivalry|title=Sabalenka avenges AO defeat to Rybakina in WTA’s best rivalry|publisher=Australian Open|accessdate=29 August 2026|date=17 March 2026|language=en}}</ref> Sun fuskanci juna a wasannin ƙarshe na manyan gasa sau uku, wato Australian Open na 2023,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sabalenka holds off Rybakina to win Australian Open, first Slam title |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3040010/sabalenka-holds-off-rybakina-to-win-australian-open-first-slam-title |access-date=18 April 2026 |publisher=Women's Tennis Association |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328084008/https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3040010/sabalenka-holds-off-rybakina-to-win-australian-open-first-slam-title |url-status=live}}</ref> wanda Sabalenka ta lashe, Australian Open na 2026,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4442160/rybakina-earns-place-among-games-elites-with-first-australian-open-second-major-title|title=Rybakina outlasts Sabalenka in three sets to capture first Australian Open title|website=wtatennis.com|date=31 January 2026|accessdate=31 January 2026}}</ref> da US Open na 2026,<ref name=#USO26Final/> inda Rybakina ta lashe biyun ƙarshe. Sauran manyan fafatawarsu sun haɗa da wasan ƙarshe na Indian Wells Open na 2023,<ref>{{cite web |title=The making of a great Rybakina-Sabalenka rivalry |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/3117793/were-pushing-each-other-the-making-of-a-great-rybakina-sabalenka-rivalry |access-date=22 March 2025}}</ref> wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Madrid Open na 2024,<ref>{{cite web |title=Rivalry Rewind: Sabalenka and Rybakina's battles through the years |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/3991425/rivalry-rewind-sabalenka-and-rybakina-s-battles-through-the-years |access-date=22 March 2025}}</ref> wasan ƙarshe na WTA Finals na 2025,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hashim |first=Taha |date=2025-11-08 |title=WTA Finals tennis: Elena Rybakina rocks Aryna Sabalenka to claim title – live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2025/nov/08/wta-finals-tennis-aryna-sabalenka-elena-rybakina-final |access-date=2025-11-08 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> da kuma wasan ƙarshe na Indian Wells Open na 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Powers |first=Shad |title=Sabalenka outlasts Rybakina for first BNP Paribas Open title in Indian Wells |url=https://www.desertsun.com/story/sports/tennis/bnp/2026/03/15/sabalenka-outlasts-rybakina-for-first-bnp-paribas-open-title-in-indian-wells/89169075007/ |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=The Desert Sun |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahoney |first=Brian |date=September 12, 2026 |title=Elena Rybakina beats Aryna Sabalenka to win the US Open title and punctuate her rise to No. 1 |url=https://apnews.com/article/us-open-womens-final-sabalenka-rybakina-521adac24c4f6350c07bdd914cd83b97}}</ref> ===Iga Świątek=== Rybakina ta kuma haɓaka gagarumar fafatawa da Iga Świątek. Sun hadu sau 14 tun daga shekarar 2021, inda Świątek ke kan gaba a tarihin wasanninsu da ci 8–6 a gasannin hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Head-to-Head {{!}} Compare Stats & Match History - WTA Tennis |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/head-to-head/326408/324166 |access-date=20 August 2026 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Ana ɗokin kallon wasanninsu sosai saboda bambancin salon wasansu da kuma matsayinsu na sama a jerin 'yan wasan duniya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Swiatek y Rybakina, cara a cara en cuartos de Doha |date=12 February 2025 |url=https://as.com/tenis/mas_tenis/swiatek-y-rybakina-cara-a-cara-en-cuartos-de-doha-n/ |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322163142/https://as.com/tenis/mas_tenis/swiatek-y-rybakina-cara-a-cara-en-cuartos-de-doha-n/ |archive-date=22 March 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Rybakina ce ke kan gaba a farkon shekarun fafatawarsu kafin Świątek ta fara yin nisa a gaba. Świątek ta doke Rybakina domin lashe kambinta na bakwai na WTA 1000 a Qatar Open na 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com |title=Top-ranked Iga Swiatek wins her third straight Qatar Open |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/top-ranked-swiatek-wins-her-third-straight-qatar-open |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> Bayan ta sha kashi sau huɗu a jere a hannun Świątek a shekarar 2025, Rybakina ta dawo daga rashin nasara da set ɗaya, inda ta samu nasararta ta biyar a kanta a matakin rukuni na WTA Finals na 2025 a Riyadh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina in striking distance of semis following comeback win over Swiatek in Riyadh |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/videos/4395607/rybakina-in-striking-distance-of-semis-following-comeback-win-over-swiatek-in-riyadh |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> Rybakina ta sake doke Świątek, a cikin set biyu kai tsaye, a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Australian Open na 2026<!-- to reach her first Grand Slam semifinal since the 2024 Wimbledon-->,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Services |first=ESPN News |date=2026-01-28 |title=Elena Rybakina tops Iga Swiatek to reach Australian Open semis |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/47749376/elena-rybakina-defeats-iga-swiatek-straight-sets-reach-2026-australian-open-semifinals |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> wanda daga ƙarshe ta lashe. A watan Agustan 2026, Świątek ta doke Rybakina a cikin set biyu kai tsaye domin lashe Canadian Open a Toronto, wanda ya zama kambinta na farko a matakin WTA Tour a shekarar 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=The Canadian |date=2026-08-13 |title=Swiatek beats Rybakina in women’s singles final at National Bank Open in Toronto |url=https://www.cp24.com/news/sports/2026/08/13/swiatek-beats-rybakina-in-womens-singles-final-at-national-bank-open-in-toronto/ |access-date=2026-08-13 |website=CP24 |language=en-CA}}</ref> ==Tallafin talla== [[File:Elena Rybakina 2023 stamp of Kazakhstan.jpg|thumb|right|upright=.7|Rybakina a kan tambarin Kazakhstan na shekarar 2023]] Yonex ta dauki nauyin Rybakina wajen samar mata da tufafi da takalma tun daga [[2023 French Open]].<ref>{{cite web |title=From Adidas to Yonex: Elena Rybakina shocks with clothing sponsor switch at Roland Garros – Women's Tennis Blog |url=https://womenstennisblog.com/2023/05/30/elena-rybakina-leaves-adidas-for-yonex/ |website=womenstennisblog.com |date=30 May 2023}}</ref> A baya Adidas ta dauki nauyinta tun farkon shekarar 2020, sannan Nike ma ta taba daukar nauyinta.<ref name="adidas">{{cite web |title=New year sees group of WTA stars switch from Nike |url=http://baseline.tennis.com/article/86745/nike-caroline-garcia-tomljanovic-maria-sakkari-adidas |website=Baseline Tennis |access-date=27 September 2020 |date=10 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030083912/http://baseline.tennis.com/article/86745/nike-caroline-garcia-tomljanovic-maria-sakkari-adidas |archive-date=30 October 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tana amfani da raket din Yonex VCore 100.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elena Rybakina |url=https://www.yonex.com/athletes/details/?athlete_id=236 |website=Yonex |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> Daga shekarar 2023 zuwa 2025, Red Bull ce ta dauki nauyinta,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elena Rybakina |url=https://www.redbull.com/us-en/athlete/elena-rybakina |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=Red Bull |language=en-us}}</ref> sannan tun farkon shekarar 2026 ta fara aiki tare da kamfanin kera agogon alatu na Switzerland, Vanguart.<ref>{{Citeweb|url=https://www.jckonline.com/editorial-article/elena-rybakina-vanguart-orb/|title=Elena Rybakina Claims Australian Open Title Wearing $230K Watch|publisher=jckonline|accessdate=30 August 2026}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Janairu 2023, Rybakina ta zama jakadiyar Bank RBK.<ref>{{Cite web |language=ru |url=https://www.zakon.kz/6382397-pervaya-raketka-kazakhstana-elena-rybakina-stala-ambassadorom-Bank-RBK.html |title=Первая ракетка Казахстана Елена Рыбакина стала амбассадором Bank RBK |website=www.zakon.kz |date=2023-01-24 |access-date= |archive-date=2023-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131152047/https://www.zakon.kz/6382397-pervaya-raketka-kazakhstana-elena-rybakina-stala-ambassadorom-Bank-RBK.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tun daga watan Satumba na 2024, ta kuma kasance jakadiyar kamfanin Lexus a hukumance. A matsayin wani bangare na hadin gwiwar, Rybakina tana aiki tare da kamfanin wajen tallafa wa shirin 'Tennis for Life by Lexus'.<ref>{{Citeweb|title=Elena Rybakina has become the Lexus ambassador in Kazakhstan.|url=https://ru.lexuskz.com/discover-lexus/news/2024/elena-rybakina|website=lexuskz|access-date=30 August 2026|language=Russian}}</ref> Kamfanin IZI na Kazakhstan ma yana daukar nauyinta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DQzmX7NDLPq/ |access-date=2026-08-30 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> A watan Maris 2023, Rybakina ta bayar da gudummawar [[Kazakhstani tenge|₸]]35 miliyan ga 'yan wasan tennis mata masu tasowa a Kazakhstan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rybakina Donates ₸35M to Rising Tennis Players in Kazakhstan – Qazaqstan Monitor |url=https://qazmonitor.com/people/1563/rybakina-donates-kazakhstani-tenge35m-to-rising-tennis-players-in-kazakhstan |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=qazmonitor.com}}</ref> An sanya Rybakina a matsayin 'yar wasa mace ta 9 mafi samun kudin shiga a shekarar 2023.<ref>{{Citeweb|title=The World’s Highest-Paid Female Athletes 2023|url=https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/lifestyle/sports/the-worlds-highest-paid-female-athletes-2023-1|publisher=Forbes|access-date=30 August 2026}}</ref> Bayan ta koma matsayi na 15 a shekara ta gaba,<ref>{{Citeweb|title=Elena Rybakina|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/elena-rybakina/|publisher=Forbes|access-date=30 August 2026}}</ref> ta sake komawa cikin 10 na farko a matsayin 'yar wasa ta 8 mafi samun kudin shiga a shekarar 2025, bayan ta lashe [[2025 WTA Finals]], wanda ya ba ta mafi girman kudin kyauta guda daya da aka taba samu a tarihin wasannin mata.<ref>{{Citeweb|title=The World’s Highest-Paid Female Athletes 2025|url=https://forbesmiddleeast.com/lifestyle/sports/the-worlds-highest-paid-female-athletes-2025|publisher=Forbes|access-date=30 August 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DQzmX7NDLPq/ |access-date=2026-08-30 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> ==Kididdigar wasannin sana'a== ===Tsarin sakamakon gasar Grand Slam=== {{performance key|short=yes}} ====Wasan marasa aure==== {|class="wikitable nowrap" style=text-align:center !Gasa !2018 !2019 !2020 !2021 !2022 !2023 !2024 !2025 !2026 !{{Abbr|SR|Yawan shiga zagayen karshe}} !{{Abbr|W–L|Nasara–rashi}} !Yawan nasara |- |style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |Australian Open |A |Q1 |style=background:#afeeee|3R |style=background:#afeeee|2R |style=background:#afeeee|2R |style=background:thistle|F |style=background:#afeeee|2R |style=background:#afeeee|4R |style=background:lime|'''W''' |1 / 7 |21–6 |{{tennis win percentage|won=21|lost=6|integer=yes}} |- |style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |French Open |A |style=background:#afeeee|1R |style=background:#afeeee|2R |style=background:#ffebcd|QF |style=background:#afeeee|3R |style=background:#afeeee|3R {{efn|group=lower-roman|1=Rybakina withdrew before her third round match due to illness, and it is not counted as a loss.}} |style=background:#ffebcd|QF |style=background:#afeeee|4R |style=background:#afeeee|2R |0 / 8 |17–7 |{{tennis win percentage|won=17|lost=7|integer=yes}} |- |style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |Wimbledon |A |Q3 |style=color:#767676|NH |style=background:#afeeee|4R |style=background:lime|'''W''' |style=background:#ffebcd|QF |style=background:yellow|SF |style=background:#afeeee|3R |style=background:#afeeee|3R |1 / 6 |23–5 |{{tennis win percentage|won=23|lost=5|integer=yes}} |- |style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |US Open |Q2 |style=background:#afeeee|1R |style=background:#afeeee|2R |style=background:#afeeee|3R |style=background:#afeeee|1R |style=background:#afeeee|3R{{efn|group=lower-roman|1=Rybakina advanced via walkover in her second-round match, and it is not counted as a win.}} |bgcolor=afeeee|2R{{efn|group=lower-roman|1=Rybakina withdrew before her second-round match due to illness, and it is not counted as a loss.}} |style=background:#afeeee|4R |style=background:lime|'''W''' |1 / 8 |15–6 |{{tennis win percentage|won=15|lost=6|integer=yes}} |- style="background:#eaecf0;font-weight:bold" |style="text-align:left" |Nasara–rashi |0–0 |0–2 |4–3 |10–4 |10–3 |13–3 |11–3 |11–4 |17–2 |3 / 29 |76–24 |{{tennis win percentage|won=76|lost=24|integer=yes}} |} ====Wasan biyu==== {|class="wikitable nowrap" style=text-align:center |- !Gasa !2019 !2020 !2021 !2022 !2023 !{{Abbr|SR|Yawan shiga zagayen karshe}} !{{Abbr|W–L|Nasara–rashi}} !Yawan nasara |- |style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |Australian Open |A |style=background:#afeeee|2R |style=background:#afeeee|1R |A |style=background:#afeeee|3R |0 / 3 |3–3 |{{tennis win percentage|won=3|lost=3|integer=yes}} |- |style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |French Open |A |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |bgcolor=#ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=#afeeee|1R |A |0 / 3 |3–3 |{{tennis win percentage|won=3|lost=3|integer=yes}} |- |style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |Wimbledon |A |style=color:dimGrey|NH |style=background:#afeeee|1R |A |A |0 / 1 |0–1 |{{tennis win percentage|won=0|lost=1|integer=yes}} |- |style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0" |US Open |bgcolor=afeeee|1R |A |A |A |A |0 / 1 |0–1 |{{tennis win percentage|won=0|lost=1|integer=yes}} |- style="font-weight:bold; background:#eaecf0;" |style="text-align:left"|Nasara–rashi |0–1 |1–2 |3–3 |0–1 |2–1 |0 / 8 |6–8 |{{tennis win percentage|won=6|lost=8|integer=yes}} |} <small>'''Lura''': Rybakina ta sauya wakilci daga Rasha zuwa Kazakhstan a watan Yuni 2018.</small> {{notelist|group=lower-roman}} ===Wasannin karshe na gasar Grand Slam=== ====Wasan marasa aure: 4 (kambuna 3, ta zo ta biyu sau 1)==== {|class="sortable wikitable" |- !Sakamako !Shekara !Gasa !Filin wasa !Abokiyar hamayya !class=unsortable|Sakamako |- |bgcolor=98fb98|Nasara |2022 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon |Ciyawa |{{flagicon|TUN}} Ons Jabeur |3–6, 6–2, 6–2 |- |bgcolor=ffa07a|Rashi |2023 |style=background:#ffc|Australian Open |Hard |{{flagicon|}} Aryna Sabalenka |6–4, 3–6, 4–6 |- |bgcolor=98fb98|Nasara |2026 |style=background:#ffc|Australian Open |Hard |{{flagicon|}} Aryna Sabalenka |6–4, 4–6, 6–4 |- |bgcolor=98fb98|Nasara |2026 |style=background:#ccf|US Open |Hard |{{flagicon|}} Aryna Sabalenka |6–4, 5–7, 6–2 |} ===Gasar zakarun karshen shekara=== ====Wasan marasa aure: 1 (kambu)==== {|class="wikitable" |- !Sakamako !Shekara !Gasa !Filin wasa !Abokiyar hamayya !class=unsortable|Sakamako |- |bgcolor=98fb98|Nasara |2025 |style=background:#ffffcc|WTA Finals, Saudi Arabia |Hard (i) |{{flagicon|}} Aryna Sabalenka |6–3, 7–6^(7–0) |} ===Bayanan tarihi da nasarori=== ====Bayanan tarihin Open Era==== * An samu wannan tarihi ne a zamanin [[Open Era]] na wasan tennis. * Bayanai a cikin '''rubutu mai kauri''' suna nuna nasarorin da babu wani dan wasa da ya yi daidai da su. {|class="wikitable" |- !Gasa !Shekarar da aka samu !Tun daga !Bayanan tarihin da aka samu !'Yan wasan da suka yi daidai !Manazarta |- |- | rowspan="2" |'''Grand Slam events''' | rowspan="1" |2026 | 1988||Ta lashe Australian Open da US Open a cikin shekarar kalanda guda||Steffi Graf, Monica Seles, Martina Hingis, Angelique Kerber, Aryna Sabalenka | <ref name=#USO26Final/> |- |} ==Kyaututtuka== * [[File:OrdenDostik.png|frameless|upright=.15|OrdenDostik]] [[Order of Friendship (Kazakhstan)]] II degree – ''2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-11 |title=Tokayev awarded Elena Rybakina with the Order of Dostyk |url=https://www.zakon.kz/6019320-tokaev-nagradil-elenu-rybakinu-ordenom-dostyk.html |website=www.zakon.kz |access-date=2026-09-16 |archive-date=2022-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711140724/https://www.zakon.kz/6019320-tokaev-nagradil-elenu-rybakinu-ordenom-dostyk.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>'' * [[File:OrdenBars 1kl rib.png|frameless|upright=.2|OrdenBars 1kl rib]] [[Order of the Leopard (Kazakhstan)|Order of Barys (Kazakhstan)]] III degree – ''2025''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DQztJKaCHRj |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-09 |title=Tokayev congratulated Rybakina on her victory at the WTA Finals and awarded her the Barys Order |url=https://www.zakon.kz/politika/6019191-kasym-zhomart-tokaev-pobesedoval-s-pobeditelnitsei-wimbledon-elenoi-rybakinoi.html |website=www.zakon.kz}}</ref>'' == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mxrfv48non7muw714pj55od0t0io0ao 0 172926 975426 941664 2026-11-03T02:41:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Arsi National Park''' filin shakatawa ne na kasa a yankin Arsi na yankin Oromia a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Yana kare wani ɓangare na tsaunukan Habasha kuma ya haɗa da dazuzzukan tsaunuka, tsaunukan subalpine, da kuma ciyayi da kuma bishiyoyi masu tsayi. An ware wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011 kuma ya ƙunshi faɗin kilomita ^10876. == Yanayin ƙasa == Wurin shakatawa ya ƙunshi tsaunukan Arsi, waɗanda suke ɓangare na tsaunukan Habasha . Duwatsun suna miƙewa daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma ta wurin shakatawa, kuma suna samar da katangar kudu ta kwarin Afirka . Duwatsun da ke wurin shakatawa sun haɗa da tubalin Dhara Dilfekar, Dutsen Chilalo (mai tsayin mita 4036), tsaunukan Galama, Dutsen Kaka, da Hunkolo. <ref name="Girma">{{Cite journal |last=Girma |first=Zerihun |last2=Chuyong |first2=George |last3=Evangelista |first3=Paul |last4=Mamo |first4=Yosef |year=2018 |title=Vascular Plant Species Composition, Relative Abundance, Distribution, and Threats in Arsi Mountains National Park, Ethiopia |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=38 |issue=2 |page=143 |doi=10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-17-00006.1 |s2cid=133773937 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dutsen Chilalo mai aman wuta shine mafi tsayi a wurin shakatawa. Ruwan sama na tsaunuka yana ciyar da koguna da tafkuna masu tsayi da yawa kamar [[Hora-Dambal|Tafkin Ziway]] . Ganuwar arewa tana malalawa zuwa [[Kogin Awash]], yayin da gangaren kudu kuma ruwan [[kogin Shebelle]] ke malalawa. [[Gidan shakatawa na Bale Mountains|Wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na tsaunukan Bale]] yana kudu maso gabashin tsaunukan Arsi. Kwarin sama na Kogin Shebelle ya raba tsaunukan Arsi da tsaunukan Bale. Akwai manyan yankuna uku na ciyayi a wurin shakatawa, waɗanda galibi ake ayyana su ta hanyar tsayi. [[Yankin tsaunuka da gandun daji na Habasha|Dazuzzukan Afromontane busassun dazuzzukan kore]] suna da yawa a ƙananan gangaren, daga tsayin mita 2843 zuwa 3756. Dazuzzukan busassun bishiyoyi masu tsayin tsayi suna da wuraren da aka yi noma iri-iri na bishiyoyin asali da na waje tsakanin tsayin mita 3181 zuwa 3340. <ref name="Girma" /> Tsire-tsire na subalpine, galibin bishiyoyin heath ne da bishiyoyin ''Erica arborea'' da ''Erica trimera'' suka mamaye, suna faruwa a saman layin bishiyoyi, daga tsayin mita 3202 zuwa 3985. <ref name="Girma" /> [[Yankunan tsaunuka na Habasha|Tsirrai masu tsayin Afro-Alpine]] suna faruwa a mafi tsayin tsaunuka, daga mita 3576 zuwa 4008. Ya ƙunshi galibin ciyawa, ganye, bishiyoyi, da ciyayi, gami da nau'ikan ''Helichrysum'' da ''Alchemilla'', waɗanda aka haɗa su da rumfunan babban lobelia ''Lobelia rhynchopetalum'', wanda ya shahara a tsaunukan Afro-Alpine na Habasha. <ref name="Girma" /> === Dabbobin dabbobi masu shayarwa === Wurin shakatawa na tsaunukan Arsi yana da nau'ikan halittu 30 da suka zama ruwan dare gama gari kuma suna da alaƙa da yanayin muhalli. Dabbobin namun daji a cikin wurin shakatawa sun hada da tsaunin nyala ( ''Tragelaphus buxtoni'' ), <ref name="Girma" /> Bushbuck na Menelik ( ''Tragelaphus scriptus menelik'' ), <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Girma |first=Zerihun |last2=Chuyong |first2=George |last3=Mamo |first3=Yosef |year=2018 |title=Impact of Livestock Encroachments and Tree Removal on Populations of Mountain Nyala and Menelik's Bushbuck in Arsi Mountains National Park, Ethiopia |journal=International Journal of Ecology |volume=2018 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2018/5193460 |doi-access=free}}</ref> da kerkeci na Habasha ( ''Canis simensis'' ). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marino |first=J. |last2=Sillero-Zubiri |first2=C. |year=2011 |title=Canis simensis |journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |page=e.T3748A10051312 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T3748A10051312.en |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gidan shakatawa na gida ne ga wasu rodents na tsaunuka da ba kasafai ba, wadanda suka hada da linzamin kwamfuta na Habasha ( ''Mus imberbis'' ), linzamin linzamin kwamfuta na Nikolaus ( ''Megadendromus nikolausi'' ), beran ciyawa na Blick ( ''Arvicanthis blicki'' ), bera mai baƙar fata mai launin baki ( ''Lophuromys melanonyx'' ), da kuma Habasha chryssopus brush ( ''Lophuromys melanonyx'' ). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kostin |first=Danila S. |last2=Kasso |first2=Mohammed |last3=Komarova |first3=Valeria A. |last4=Martynov |first4=Alexey A. |last5=Gromov |first5=Anton R. |last6=Alexandrov |first6=Dmitry Y. |last7=Bekele |first7=Afework |last8=Zewdie |first8=Chemere |last9=Bryja |first9=Josef |last10=Lavrenchenko |first10=Leonid A. |year=2019 |title=Taxonomic and genetic diversity of rodents from the Arsi Mountains (Ethiopia) |journal=Mammalia |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=237–247 |doi=10.1515/mammalia-2017-0135 |s2cid=91370636 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kasso |first=Mohammed |last2=Bekele |first2=Afework |last3=Hemson |first3=Graham |year=2010 |title=Species composition, abundance and habitat association of rodents and insectivores from Chilalo-Galama Mountain range, Arsi, Ethiopia |journal=African Journal of Ecology |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=1105–1114 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.2010.01222.x}}</ref> Sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa da ake samu a yankin Dhera Dilfekar da kuma yankin tsaunukan Chilalo-Galama sun haɗa da kuraye masu launin toka, manyan kudus, ƙananan kudus, mongooses na Masar, mongooses masu launin fari , [[Jibda|diloli masu launin baƙi, dabbobin Afirka]], zomaye na Abyssinian, Bohor reedbucks, damisa, Servals, Caracals, [[Gada|birai]] [[Ƙirƙa|masu launin Grivet]], launin toka, Klipspringers, damisa masu [[Rock hyrax|launin dutse]], da kuma [[Gwaggon biri|baboons na zaitun]] .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2023}} === Tsuntsaye === Wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na tsaunukan Arsi ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsuntsaye 99 a ƙarƙashin iyalai 39 waɗanda aka yi rikodin su tare da tubalan. Nau'in tsuntsayen da suka zama ruwan dare a nan sun haɗa da tsuntsayen Guinea da ke Helmeted, [[Kurciya gamji|Kurciya mai dariya]], ƙaramin mai cin ƙudan zuma , Baƙar fata mai launin toka ta itace, Baƙar fata mai launin toka ta gabas, Sparrow mai kai mai launin toka, Shining Sunbird, Starling mai dogon wutsiya na Rüppell, [[Sisita|Cordon-blue]] mai launin ja, tsuntsun linzami mai launin shuɗi, Kurciya mai wuyan zobe, [[Shirwa|Baƙar fata]], da gaggafa mai tsayi .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2023}} === Ayyuka === Wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na tsaunukan Arsi yana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren shakatawa a Oromia inda ayyukan yawon buɗe ido kamar: * Kallon namun daji * Kallon Tsuntsaye * Ana iya yin hanyoyin shimfidar wuri kamar tafiya da hawa dutse yayin ziyara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsi Mountains National Park – Oromia Tourism Commission |url=https://www.oromiatourismcommission.et/?portfolio=arsi-mountains-national-park |access-date=2023-09-26 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926184153/https://www.oromiatourismcommission.et/?portfolio=arsi-mountains-national-park |archive-date=2023-09-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kariya da barazana == Barazana ga wurin shakatawa sun haɗa da yawan kiwo ga dabbobi, gobarar da mutane ke haddasawa, da kuma tattara itace. <ref name="Girma" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d9jizm92d5nxajg8gxxbjeenww8csr4 0 172942 975525 941699 2026-11-03T11:33:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:General_Wade's_Military_Road_near_Melgarve_below_Corrieyairack_Pass.JPG|thumb|250x250px| Wani sashe da aka kiyaye sosai na Titin Soja na Janar Wade kusa da Melgarve, wanda ke kaiwa ga Titin Corrieyairack.]] An gina hanyar sadarwa ta '''hanyoyin soja''', wanda wani lokacin ake kira da '''hanyoyin soja na Janar Wade''', a [[Yankunan tsaunuka na Scotland|tsaunukan Scotland]] a tsakiyar karni na 18 bayan tawayen Jacobites na 1715. An gina hanyoyin ne domin haɗa yankunan ƙasa na Tsakiya da jerin sansanonin tsaro da ke cikin dabarun faɗaɗa tsaunukan. Manufarsu, kamar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyoyi da Romawa suka gina sama da shekaru 1,500 da suka gabata, ita ce su danne tare da yin iko a kan al'ummar yankin. <ref name="SHO">{{Cite web |title=The Creation of The Military Roads |url=http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/bridges/html/mil-roads.htm |website=An 18th century military road in the Scottish Highlands and 3 of its bridges |publisher=Scottish History Online |access-date=2026-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717004348/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/bridges/html/mil-roads.htm |archive-date=2024-07-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Hanyoyin da aka ƙera a zamanin Romawa ba su kai ga tsaunuka ba, inda aka gina waɗannan hanyoyin daga baya. An gina hanyoyi huɗu na farko a cikin shekarun 1720 da 1730 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar George Wade (ɗan ƙasar Anglo-Irish ) kuma ana kiransu da hanyoyin soja na Janar Wade ko kuma kawai hanyoyin Wade. Daga baya an faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa sosai a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Manjo William Caulfeild, kodayake yanzu an manta da sunansa sosai kuma kowace hanyar da ya sanya ana kiranta da ita, misali a taswirar Ordnance Survey, kawai a matsayin "Tsohon Hanyar Soja". An sake gina wata hanya ta Caulfeild a kudu maso yammacin Scotland a shekarun 1760. == Hanyoyin Wade == [[File:Attributed_to_Johan_van_Diest_-_Field-Marshal_George_Wade,_1673_-_1748._Commander-in-chief_in_Scotland_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb| Field Marshal George Wade, an zana shi a kusan shekara ta 1731]] [[File:Old_Military_roads_in_Scotland.svg|thumb| Hanyoyin soja na Wade da Caulfeild ]] An aika Janar Wade zuwa [[Scotland]] a watan Yulin 1724. Ya bayar da rahoto a watan Disamba cewa "fiye da rabin mutane 22,000 da ke da ikon ɗaukar makamai a tsaunuka da tsibirai a shirye suke su haifar da sabbin matsaloli da kuma tashi da makamai don nuna goyon baya ga Mai Kama-karya ". A cikin rahotonsa, Wade ya nuna cewa sojojin gwamnati za su amfana daga ingantattun hanyoyi da hanyoyin ketare koguna don murkushe 'yan tawayen. George I ya naɗa Wade a matsayin babban Kwamandan Soja, Arewacin Birtaniya a shekara ta 1725. An fara gina hanyoyi guda huɗu na farko da ginin Wade zai kula da su, nan da shekara mai zuwa; # daga Inverness zuwa Fort William (a gefen kudu na Loch Ness) # daga Dunkeld zuwa Inverness ta hanyar Pass of Drumochter # daga Crieff zuwa hanyar da ake da ita a [[Dalnacardoch]] ta Aberfeldy da Tummel Bridge # daga Dalwhinnie zuwa Fort Augustus ta hanyar Corrieyairack Pass (da kuma hanyar tafiya zuwa Ruthven ta Crubenbeg) Sojoji ne suka gina hanyoyin a matsakaicin farashin {{Convert|90|£/mi|£/km|-1}} . Faɗin da aka saba da shi ya kai {{Convert|16|ft|0}} amma yana raguwa zuwa {{Convert|10|ft|0}} kamar yadda ake buƙata. An yi ginin ne tsakanin Afrilu/Mayu da Oktoba na kowace shekara, watannin hunturu sun yi tsauri ga irin waɗannan ayyukan. Aiki a lokacin rani ma yana iya zama mai wahala idan yanayi mara tabbas da kuma kasancewar tsakiyar daji a ko'ina. Bangarorin ginin sun ƙunshi mutum ɗari waɗanda kofur biyu, saje biyu, subaltern biyu da kuma kyaftin ɗaya ke kula da su. Galibi ana tare da su da mai buga ganga. Wade ya ɗauki ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa a fannin gini, aikin kafinta, misali, don tabbatar da cewa an gina manyan gine-gine kamar gadoji bisa ga ƙa'ida. An kafa sansani a tazara {{Convert|10|mi|km|0}} kuma gidajen kwanan da aka gina sun zama sanannun Kingshouses. <ref name="SHO" /> Wasu daga cikinsu suna ci gaba da yi wa matafiya hidima a yau. Shahararren gidan sarauta da ke kan Rannoch Moor yana kusa da hanyar da magajin Wade, William Caulfeild, ya yi. === Daga Fort William zuwa Inverness === [[File:Wades_military_road_near_Highbridge_(geograph_3934562).jpg|thumb| Kusa da Gadar Spean]] Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta gina sansanonin soja guda uku a tsawon babban birnin Glen a farkon karni na 18. A ƙarshen kudu maso yammacin birnin akwai Fort William a kan titin Loch Linnhe inda garin wannan sunan yake yanzu. An gina wani sansani na biyu a shekarar 1715 a ƙarshen kudancin Loch Ness a Kilcumein. An sanya masa suna a matsayin Fort Augustus bayan Yarima William Augustus, Duke na Cumberland . A ƙarshen arewa maso gabas, an gina sansanin soja na asali George a Inverness - sai bayan da aka lalata sansanin a lokacin tawayen 1746 aka gina wani sabon gini a Ardersier Point a kan Moray Firth. Wade ya gina wata hanya da ta miƙe faɗin tsaunuka daga teku zuwa teku a tsakanin shekarun 1726 da 1727 don haɗa sansanonin guda uku. Kafin kammala sashen arewa, kuma a matsayin wani mataki na wucin gadi, jirgin ruwa ya yi aiki a kan Loch Ness. An janye shi bayan an gina hanyar, amma daga baya an yi amfani da shi tare da gina magudanar ruwa ta Caledonian . Sashen kudu yana ɗaukar hanya daga Fort Augustus zuwa gabas tare da layi sannan [[B862 road|hanyar zamani ta B862]], ta ratsa Allt Doe, ta ratsa Loch Tarff, ta shiga Stratherrick sannan ta ratsa ta gabar yammacin Loch Mhòr . Daidaita hanyar Wade zuwa arewa maso gabashin Loch Duntelchaig ya biyo bayan ƙananan hanyoyi a yau. An gina sabon layin yankin arewacinsa kusa da gabar tekun Loch Ness a shekarar 1732. Wannan hanyar tana biye da [[B852 road|hanyar zamani ta B852]] tsakanin Inverness da Foyers kuma tana haɗuwa da layin farko kusa da Whitebridge. === Dunkeld zuwa Inverness === Wade ya gina shi tsakanin 1728 da 1730. Wani rahoto daga Wade a watan Yulin 1728 ya yi nuni da cewa akwai kimanin mutane 300 da ke aiki a kan hanyar, wanda daga ciki {{Convert|15|mi}} an kammala shi a lokacin. <ref name="scottish-towns1">{{Cite web |title=General Wade's Roads |url=http://www.scottish-towns.co.uk/perthshire/aberfeldy/wades-roads.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000131002910/http://www.scottish-towns.co.uk/perthshire/aberfeldy/wades-roads.html |archive-date=31 January 2000 |website=Scottish Towns}}</ref> [[File:Wade_Road,_Blair_Atholl_(geograph_6032162).jpg|thumb| Blair Atholl]] [[File:Drochaid_na_h-Uinneige_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1363819.jpg|left|thumb| Drochaid na h-Uinneige kusa da Struan, Perthshire]] Hanyar, wacce ta biyo bayanta da wata ƙaramar hanya (wanda a da ake kira A9 kafin babban titin an karkatar da ita zuwa yamma), ta fita yamma daga Dunkeld zuwa King's Pass sannan ta juya arewa zuwa gabashin Strathtay . Ta ci gaba zuwa arewa ta Ballinluig zuwa Pitlochry kafin ta matse ta hanyar wucewar Killiecrankie zuwa Glen Garry . Ta ratsa Kogin Tilt a Tsohon Gadar Tilt a arewacin Blair Atholl . Sassan hanyar har yanzu suna nan lafiya: sun wuce Dalnacardoch zuwa Wucin Gadi na Drumochter da Dalwhinnie ; kodayake an lalata wasu sassan ta hanyar gina A9 na zamani. Daga Glen Truim, hanyar ta bi ta gabashin titin zamani ta hanyar Glen Fernisdale, Phones da kuma ketarewar Milton Burn a Drochaid Tigh na Mile (wanda yanzu haka ake kira trud) a kan hanyar zuwa barikin Ruthven kusa da Kingussie . [[File:Tree_beside_the_General_Wade_road_from_Tomatin_to_Boat_of_Garten_(geograph_5765155).jpg|thumb| Kusa da Tumatir]] Bayan sun ketare Kogin Spey, hanyar ta ratsa gefen yammacin Strathspey ta hanyar Kincraig, Alvie da Aviemore zuwa [[Kinveachy]] . A nan ta nufi arewa maso yamma, nesa da hanyoyin zamani, don ketare Kogin Dulnain ta hanyar babban dutse na Gadar Sluggan - wata hanyar ketarewa da Hukumar Kula da Keke ta Ƙasa ke amfani da ita yanzu. Wade ya bi hanyar ta hanyar wucewar da ke The Slochd kamar yadda hanyar zamani take yi, ya kuma ketare Kogin Findhorn da ke [[Raigbeg]] . Ya zaɓi ya ketare Kogin Nairn a Gadar Faillie kafin ya bi ta kan titin mil na ƙarshe ta hanyar [[Drummossie Muir]] zuwa barikin sojoji da ke Fort George, Inverness. === Crieff zuwa Dalnarcardoch === [[File:2003-06-06_-_Aberfeldy_01.jpg|thumb| Gadar Tay, Aberfeldy]] An gina wannan hanya a shekarar 1730 ta hannun Wade. Gadar da ta ratsa kogin Tay da ke Aberfeldy kuma William Adam ya tsara, ta zama gini mafi tsada a dukkan hanyar sadarwa, inda ta zarce £4000 bayan kammala ta a shekarar 1734 wasu shekaru bayan sauran hanyar. <ref name="scottish-towns1" /> Hanyar ta bar Crieff zuwa arewa maso gabas ta ratsa Crieff Golf Club sannan ta juya arewa a [[Gilmerton, Perthshire|Gilmerton]] ta nufi Sma' Glen . Layinsa yana kusa da hanyar A822 ; hanyoyinsu sun yi daidai da ƙaramin ɓangare kawai. Tana ratsa Kogin Almond a gadar Newton kuma ta nufi arewa zuwa Amulree inda ta ratsa Kogin Braan . Da farko hanyar ta fi tafiya ta yamma fiye da [[A826 road|hanyar zamani ta A826]] ta [[Glen Cochill]] kafin ta shiga ta bar hanyar zamani akai-akai sannan ta sauka zuwa ketarewar Tay a Aberfeldy. Daga Aberfeldy, hanyar ta juya yamma ta hanyar Strath Tay sannan ta arewa maso yamma kusa da Kogin Lyon kafin ta ratsa arewa kusa da [[Keltney Burn]] da Glen Goulandie ta nufi hanyar ketare Kogin Tummel a Gadar Tummel - wata hanya da aka yi kusan da hanyar B846 ta zamani. Hanyar ta ratsa arewa maso yamma daga gadar da kuma kewayen Drumcroy Hill zuwa ƙauyen Trinafour mai nisa da kuma hanyar ketare [[Errochty Water|ruwan Errochty]] . Sashen ƙarshe ya ratsa arewa daga nan don shiga hanyar Dunkeld zuwa Inverness a Dalnacardoch. === Dalwhinnie da Ruthven zuwa Fort Augustus === [[File:Corrieyairack_Pass_Map.png|thumb| Tsohon titin soja tsakanin Fort Augustus da Laggan ya ratsa hanyar Corrieyairack Pass.]] [[File:Zig-zags_on_the_Corrieyairck_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1371633.jpg|thumb| Zig-zags a kan Corrieyairck Pass]] Wannan hanyar da sashenta mafi shahara ya ratsa ta hanyar Corrieyairack Pass an gina ta ne a shekarar 1731 ta Wade. Sashen farko na hanyar da ke tafiya arewa daga Dalwhinnie ya ƙunshi sassa da yawa madaidaiciya; lanƙwasa masu kaifi da yawa suna ba da gudummawa ga suna na hanyar A889 ta zamani wadda ke bin ta, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi haɗari a Scotland. Hanyar da ta haɗu daga Ruthven ta bi ta yamma daga barikin ta ratsa saman Strathspey da farko a kudancin kogin amma daga baya ta ketare ta a Gadar Garva. Ta ɗauki layin da ke tashi daga kwarin Spey, zuwa gabashin ƙonewar Allt Yairack, ta shiga cikin kwano na Corrie Yairack ta fita ta hanyar jerin zig-zag masu tsauri da kuma saman saman hanyar da aka fallasa wanda ke da nisan mita 750 sama da matakin teku. Daga nan hanyar ta faɗi arewa maso yamma sannan ta koma arewa, ta ci gaba da kasancewa a sama da Glen Tarff mai zurfi kafin a fara gangarawa zuwa Babban Glen. Abin mamaki, wannan hanyar ta fi yi wa sojojin Jacobite hidima fiye da sojojin gwamnati, domin a lokacin tawayen 1745 bayan Yarima Charles Edward Stuart ya ɗaga matsayinsa a Glenfinnan, ya yi amfani da ita don matsawa cikin sauri zuwa Perth da Lowlands. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p9ttrxnr4as9xtv7g1pdmittt51l190 0 173098 975169 965889 2026-11-02T13:53:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elissa Minet Fuchs''' (an haife ta '''Elise Minette Levy'''; 10 ga Maris, 1919 - 17 ga Fabrairu, 2023) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Amurka kuma mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo. Ta fara aiki ne a 1935 a kan mataki na vaudeville da kuma zagaye na nightclub, wanda ya haifar da gigs a matsayin yarinya mawaƙa a Broadway. Tare da tsoron karuwar adawa da Yahudawa a duniya, ta canza sunanta don bayyana Faransanci kuma ta ɓoye asalin Yahudawa. A shekara ta 1937, ta shiga kungiyar Ballet Russe de Monte-Carlo kuma ta yi rawa tare da kamfanin na tsawon lokaci guda. Daga 1938 zuwa 1950, ta yi rawa tare da kamfanin ballet na mazaunin a Metropolitan Opera, ta yi ritaya a matsayin soloist. Fuchs ya kafa kuma ya ba da umarnin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Baton Rouge Ballet a Louisiana kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha, uwargidan wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo a Greensboro Ballet a Arewacin Carolina. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Fuchs Elise Minette Levy a cikin iyalin Yahudawa na Amurka a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1919, a [[New Orleans]] . <ref name="newsandrecord">{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=CATHY GANT-HILL Staff |date=March 23, 2000 |title=A FINAL DANCE?\ DANCER ELISSA FUCHS MAY END HER 65-YEAR CAREER THIS WEEKEND, STARRING AS SLEEPING BEAUTY'S EVIL NEMESIS. |url=https://greensboro.com/a-final-dance-dancer-elissa-fuchs-may-end-her-65-year-career-this-weekend-starring/article_3de93a07-6793-5702-a072-64a246aff396.html |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Greensboro News and Record |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325201935/https://greensboro.com/a-final-dance-dancer-elissa-fuchs-may-end-her-65-year-career-this-weekend-starring/article_3de93a07-6793-5702-a072-64a246aff396.html |archive-date=25 March 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="newsandrecord3">{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=CATHY GANT HILL Staff |date=July 3, 2002 |title=MEDAL OF ARTS RECIPIENT, 83, STILL DANCING |url=https://greensboro.com/medal-of-arts-recipient-83-still-dancing/article_a5a91958-555c-54bd-bb30-afb4c478d7f2.html |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Greensboro News and Record |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325201936/https://greensboro.com/medal-of-arts-recipient-83-still-dancing/article_a5a91958-555c-54bd-bb30-afb4c478d7f2.html |archive-date=25 March 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mahaifinta, Arthur Levy, ɗan kasuwa ne wanda ke sayar da kayan haske kuma mahaifiyarta, Rose Levy, mai zane ce.<ref name="newsandrecord" /><ref name="ohenry">{{Cite web |date=December 2011 |title=December 2011/January 2012 O.Henry Magazine by O.Henry magazine - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/ohenrymag/docs/decjanohenry |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=issuu.com}}</ref> Babbar 'yar'uwar Fuchs ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kafin ta bar mataki don yin aure.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> Ta fara darussan rawa lokacin da take 'yar shekara uku kuma, tana da shekaru bakwai, ta fara karatun ballet na gargajiya.<ref name="newsandrecord2">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NANCY MCLAUGHLIN Staff |date=March 2023 |title=Elissa Fuchs, longtime mentor to many at the Greensboro Ballet, was a 'rare gem' |url=https://greensboro.com/news/local/elissa-fuchs-longtime-mentor-to-many-at-the-greensboro-ballet-was-a-rare-gem/article_7ea0bde8-b635-11ed-b398-ebde99c9a5a7.html |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Greensboro News and Record}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Satumbar 1935, yayin da take shirin kammala makarantar sakandare a New Orleans, ita da mahaifiyarta sun ji game da damar rawa a [[Chicago]].<ref name="newsandrecord" /> Mahaifinta da farko ya ki amincewa amma, tare da goyon bayan mahaifiyarta, 'yar'uwarta, da malamin iyali, an ba ta izinin tafiya zuwa Chicago don neman aiki a matsayin mai rawa.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> == Ayyuka == === Rayuwa a matsayin mai rawa da kuma wasan kwaikwayo === Bayan ta isa Chicago tare da mahaifiyarta, Fuchs ta canza sunanta daga Elise Minette Levy zuwa Elissa Minet kuma ta yanke shawarar yin ƙarya game da shekarunta, tana cewa tana da shekara goma sha takwas maimakon goma sha shida.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> Canjin sunanta shine don ɓoye asalinsa na Yahudawa kuma ya bayyana Faransanci, saboda har yanzu yana da haɗari ga Yahudawa su yi a fili kuma asalin Faransanci ya yi kira ga duniyar ballet.<ref name="ohenry" /> Fuchs ya tafi sauraro tare da aboki da abokin rawa, Alda Marova . <ref name="newsandrecord" /> Bayan kwana huɗu na sauraro, ta gwada don wasan kwaikwayo na vaudeville wanda [[Mike Todd]] ya samar da ake kira Bring on the Dames, ta karɓi kira daga darektan rawa Fred Evans.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> An hayar Fuchs don wasan kwaikwayon kuma ya zagaya watanni takwas.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> Mahaifiyarta ta zauna tare da ita na shekaru shida na farko na aikinta, kuma Todd ya hayar ta a matsayin mai sutura da mataimakin tufafi.<ref name="newsandrecord" /><ref name="ohenry" /> A shekara ta 1937, ta yi aiki a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Todd a New York, amma wasan kwaikwayon daga baya ya ninka.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> Bayan haka, ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin shirye-shiryen vaudeville daban-daban da kuma a wuraren shakatawa na dare da kuma wuraren cin abincin dare a Birnin Chicago da New York, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin yarinya mai suna chorus a cikin shirye'shiryen Broadway da yawa da kuma Borscht Belt.<ref name="ohenry" /> Fuchs ta yanke shawarar komawa ballet kuma, a cikin 1937, ta shiga kamfanin ballet na Rasha Ballet Russe de Monte-Carlo, tana rawa tare da su na watanni shida.<ref name="ohenry" /> Bayan ta bar Ballet Russe, ta yi aiki a Bond International Casino a cikin birni.<ref name="ohenry" /> A shekara ta 1938, an ba ta damar yin sauraro a Moulin Rouge a [[Faris|Paris]], amma mahaifinta ya ki yarda da shi saboda hauhawar Antisemitism a Turai da kuma hauhawar [[Adolf Hitler]] zuwa mulki a makwabciyar Jamus.<ref name="ohenry" /> Fuchs ya zauna a Amurka kuma ya lashe jerin gwaje-gwaje don kamfanin ballet na Metropolitan Opera, ya doke wasu masu rawa 500 ciki har da Nora Kaye da Alicia Alonso.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> Ta yi rawa tare da kamfanin har zuwa 1950, ta fara ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar ballet kuma ta yi ritaya a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> A Metropolitan Opera Ballet, ta yi rawa a matsayin Cleopatra a cikin ''Faust'', Daya daga cikin Alheri Uku a ''Tannhäuser'', Babban Firist a ''Aida'', kuma a matsayin Gypsy a ''Carmen''. <ref name="ohenry" /> <ref name="friendshomes">{{Cite web |date=Spring 2019 |title=A bond of ballet, opera and The Met |url=https://www.friendshomes.org/wp-content/uploads/files/newsletters/The-UPDATE-Spring-2019.pdf |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=friendshomes.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325212547/https://www.friendshomes.org/wp-content/uploads/files/newsletters/The-UPDATE-Spring-2019.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, ta dauki darussan ballet tare da [[George Balanchine]] . <ref name="ohenry" /> Fuchs ta yi rawa ta ƙarshe a watan Maris na shekara ta 2000 a matsayin Carabosse a cikin Greensboro Ballet na Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's The Sleeping Beauty . <ref name="newsandrecord" /> === Actress na rediyo, dan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma malamin ballet === A cikin shekarun 1940, Fuchs ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan rediyo, tana aiki a wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo.<ref name="ohenry" /> Ta shiga Victory Troupe, ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ta yi aiki tare da Milton Berle, Martha Raye, Victor Mature, [[Carol Landis]], Walter O'Keefe, da Katie Smith.<ref name="ohenry" /> Fuchs ta koma Louisiana a 1950 tare da mijinta, wanda aka yi aiki a matsayin darektan opera a Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana kuma a matsayin mai gudanar da Baton Rouge Symphony . <ref name="ohenry" /> Yayinda take zaune a Baton Rouge, ta kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Baton Rouge Ballet, kamfanin ballet da makarantar ballet.<ref name="nola">{{Cite web |last=EDITOR |first=LETTERS TO THE |date=February 27, 2023 |title=Letters: Dance instructor's extraordinary life made her community much richer |url=https://www.nola.com/opinions/letters/letters-dance-instructors-life-made-community-much-richer/article_73844866-b546-11ed-bce8-cb4641309ca0.html |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=NOLA.com}}</ref> Fuchs ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin uwargidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo na New Orleans Opera da sauran kamfanonin zane-zane a Jackson, Mississippi da Mobile, Alabama.<ref name="newsandrecord" /><ref name="newsandrecord3" /> Bayan shekaru ashirin da shida na koyarwa a Baton Rouge, ita da mijinta suka koma Greensboro, North Carolina a 1976, inda mijinta ya gaji Sheldon Morgenstern a matsayin darektan Greensboro Symphony Orchestra . [1][2] Fuchs ya yi aiki a ayyukan rawa daban-daban yayin da ya koma Arewacin Carolina, gami da shirya wasan kwaikwayo na farko na shekara-shekara na Greensboro Symphony Guild Debutante Ball da kuma shirya wasan kwaikwayo da aiki a matsayin manajan samarwa na Greensworth Opera . [1] A matsayinta na mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo, ta yi wasan kwaikwayo don wasan kwaikwayo na Greensboro Opera The Masked Ball . [1] Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na al'umma.[3] Fuchs daga nan ya shiga cikin Civic Ballet Theatre, wanda daga baya aka sani da Greensboro Ballet, kuma ya gudanar da kamfanin a matsayin darektan fasaha na shekara guda.[1][4] Bayan ta sauka a matsayin darektan fasaha, ta shiga kwamitin daraktocin ballet kuma ta taimaka wajen hayar Maryhelen Mayfield, tsohon mai rawa tare da Kansas City Ballet, don karɓar kamfanin. [1] [3] Mayfield ta hayar da Fuchs don koyar da ballet kuma ta zama uwargidan ballet a Greensboro Ballet. [2][5] A cikin 1981, ita da Mayfield sun dauki bakuncin wani wasan kwaikwayo na kayan ado tare da taken Nutcracker.[2] Duk da gasa tare da Makarantar Fasaha ta Arewacin Carolina da ke kusa da ita a Winston-Salem suna samar da nasu The Nutcracker, Mayfield da Fuchs sun samar da kuma tsara wannan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na shekara-shekara na Greensboro Ballet.[2] A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ta koyar da darussan ballet na manya a Makarantar Greensboro Ballet kuma ta taimaka tare da samarwa ga kamfanin.[2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] rwucc4ljyf01ticc4469gvfez2du64u 0 173459 975200 943431 2026-11-02T16:09:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Eriogonum eremicola (42345751125).jpg|genus=Eriogonum|species=eremicola|authority=[[J.T.Howell]] & [[J.L. Reveal|Reveal]]|status=G1|status_system=TNC|status_ref=<ref name="TNC status 14 may 2022">{{cite web | url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.137256 | title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 }}</ref>}} '''''Eriogonum eremicola''''' wani nau'in buckwheat ne na daji wanda aka sani da sunayen '''Telescope Peak buckwheat''' da '''Wild Rose Canyon buckwheat''' . Yana da iyaka ga Inyo County, California, inda aka san shi daga 'yan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin Dutsen Inyo da Telescope Peak a cikin Death Valley. Yana girma a cikin yashi zuwa dutse a cikin gandun daji da gandun daji na waɗannan tsaunukan hamada. Itace ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke samar da yaduwa, glandular, mai launin kore har zuwa kimanin 25 centimeters tsawo. Ganuwar, ganyen ulu suna da tsawon kusan 2.5 centimeters kuma suna a gindin tushe. inflorescences da aka warwatsa ƙananan furanni ne waɗanda suke fari tare da jan layi, suna tsufa zuwa ja mai ƙarfi, ko kuma wani lokacin rawaya. Shuka tana ƙarƙashin kariya a cikin Death Valley National Park . == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160401135332/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5936,5994,6042 Jiki na Jepson] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Eriogonum+eremicola Hoton hoto] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5389372}} gztsx95u0u4d2ibj11xxnehm2dhi3az 0 173466 975199 943447 2026-11-02T16:07:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Eriogonum butterworthianum.jpg|status={{TNCStatus}}|status_system=TNC|status_ref=<ref name="NatureServe">{{Cite NatureServe |date=31 July 2026 |id=2.143008 |title=''Eriogonum butterworthianum'' |access-date=29 August 2026}}</ref>|genus=Eriogonum|species=butterworthianum|authority=[[J.T.Howell]]}} '''''Eriogonum butterworthianum''''' wani nau'in buckwheat ne na daji wanda aka fi sani da sunan Butterworth's buckwhoat . Yana da iyaka ga tsaunukan Santa Lucia na tsakiyar Monterey County, California, inda aka san shi daga 'yan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin jeji kudu maso gabashin Big Sur a kusa da Junipero Serra Peak. Gidajensa na asali sun haɗa da gandun daji na itacen oak da conifer, al'ummomin chaparral, da yashi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin |url=https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ERBU2 |access-date= |website=www.wildflower.org}}</ref> ''Eriogonum butterworthianum'' karamin shrub ne ko subshrub wanda ke girma har zuwa kimanin 30 centimeters tsawo da fadi. Bishiyoyi suna da tsawon inci 2 kuma suna da launin ja-kore. Suna da ulu, suna da siffar oval, kuma suna da ƙuƙwalwa a gefen. Inflorescence tarin furanni ne har zuwa 2 ko 3 centimeters a fadin. Kowane furen yana da 'yan millimeters a fadin kuma yana da launin rawaya zuwa ruwan hoda a launi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Butterworth's Buckwheat, Eriogonum butterworthianum |url=https://calscape.org/Eriogonum-butterworthianum-() |access-date= |website=calscape.org}}</ref> Fure suna fure daga Yuni zuwa Satumba.<ref name=":0" /> == Tarihin lissafi == ''''Eriogonum'' butterworthianum'' ya bayyana ta hanyar kimiyya ta hanyar John Thomas Howell a cikin 1961, yana sanya shi a cikin nau'in Eriogonum. An rarraba shi a cikin Polygonaceae kuma jinsin ba shi da ma'anar botanical. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190920010213/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5936,5994,6014 Jiki na Jepson] * [http://www.elkhornsloughctp.org/factsheet/factsheet.php?SPECIES_ID=81 Bayanan Tsire-tsire na Gida] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Eriogonum+butterworthianum Hoton hoto] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5389349}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ddv6elffre84d5u6qi23zva2m7pbl21 0 174162 975524 945593 2026-11-03T11:17:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975524 wikitext text/x-wiki Sasha Calle (Spanish; <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2023 |title=Edgy y muy Rock & roll, así fue el detrás de cámaras de nuestra súper sesión de fotos con #SashaCalle para nuestra portada de #GlamourJunio. |url=https://www.tiktok.com/@glamourmx/video/7244977171343609094 |access-date=June 14, 2025 |website=Glamour México y Latinoamérica}}</ref> an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, 1995) <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 27, 2019 |title=AMDA Alumni Profile – Sasha Calle |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QaZTzjGpEe8 |access-date=February 22, 2021 |publisher=[[American Musical and Dramatic Academy]]}}</ref> <ref name="CBS">{{Cite web |title=Sasha Calle |url=https://www.cbs.com/shows/the_young_and_the_restless/cast/215977/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612121555/https://www.cbs.com/shows/the_young_and_the_restless/cast/215977/ |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |access-date=February 15, 2023 |publisher=[[CBS]]}}</ref> 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mogollón González |first=Theoscar |date=March 13, 2021 |title=Sasha Calle, a Supergirl with Colombian roots |url=https://latinamericanpost.com/36302-sasha-calle-a-supergirl-with-colombian-roots |access-date=February 15, 2023 |website=LatinAmerican Post}}</ref> {{IPA|es|ˈsaʃa ˈkaʝe|lang}}Ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu The Young and the Restless daga 2018 zuwa 2021, wanda ta sami gabatarwa don kyautar Daytime Emmy . Ta yi fim dinta na farko a matsayin Supergirl a fim din superhero The Flash (2023). == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Sasha Calle a [[Boston]], Massachusetts . <ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandrio |first=Anthony |date=February 19, 2021 |title=DC's New 'Supergirl' Is Actress Sasha Calle; Will Debut In 'The Flash' Movie |url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/supergirl-young-and-the-restless-actress-sasha-calle-the-flash-movie-dc-1234697190/ |access-date=February 20, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name="USA Today">{{Cite web |last=Truitt |first=Brian |date=June 18, 2023 |title='The Flash': Latina Supergirl Sasha Calle takes flight in new DC movie |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2023/06/18/the-flash-sasha-calle-first-latina-supergirl/70317406007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621213155/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2023/06/18/the-flash-sasha-calle-first-latina-supergirl/70317406007/ |archive-date=June 21, 2023 |access-date=June 22, 2023 |website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> Ta fito ne daga asalin Colombian.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eugenios |first=Jillian |date=February 21, 2021 |title=Sasha Calle cast as DC Universe's first-ever Latina Supergirl: 'Dreams do come true' |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/sasha-calle-cast-dc-universe-s-first-ever-latina-supergirl-t209558 |access-date=February 21, 2021 |website=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]]}}</ref> Tana da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa.<ref name="SOD">{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2018 |title=ICYMI: Sasha Calle Interview |url=https://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/icymi-sasha-calle-interview/ |access-date=February 21, 2021 |website=Soap Opera Digest}}</ref> Ita da mahaifiyarta sun koma [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] lokacin da take da shekaru goma kuma sun koma Amurka bayan shekaru biyu. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Kudu Broward na 'yan shekaru. <ref name="SOD" />A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, Calle ta koma daga Miami zuwa Los Angeles don halartar Kwalejin Musical da Dramatic ta Amurka, daga inda ta kammala karatu a shekarar 2017 kuma ta sami digiri na farko na Fine Arts. <ref name="USA Today" /><ref name="socially">{{Cite web |last=Vacco-Bolaños |first=Jessica |date=June 3, 2021 |title=Who Is Sasha Calle, the Colombian Actress Cast as the New Supergirl |url=https://www.etonline.com/meet-sasha-calle-the-multitalented-colombian-actress-cast-as-the-new-supergirl-165966 |access-date=June 4, 2021 |website=[[Entertainment Tonight]]}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2018, Calle ta shiga aikin wasan kwaikwayo na [[CBS]] The Young and the Restless a matsayin mai dafa abinci Lola Rosales . <ref name="CBS" /> Ta bayyana a cikin abubuwan da suka faru sama da 270 kuma an zabi ta don Kyautar Emmy ta Daytime don Kyautattun Matasa a cikin Drama Series a cikin 2020 don aikinta.<ref name="USA Today" /><ref name="emmy">{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Hilary |date=June 26, 2020 |title=Daytime Emmys: 'The Young and the Restless' Wins Best Drama Series |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/daytime-emmy-awards-2020-winners-full-list-1300771/item/outstanding-digital-drama-series-1289417 |access-date=June 28, 2020 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> A cikin fim dinta na farko, Calle ta nuna Kara Zor-El / Supergirl a cikin fim din jarumi The Flash, wanda aka kafa a cikin DC Extended Universe (DCEU).[1][2] Ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Latina ta farko da ta taka rawar.[3][4] An sake shi a watan Yunin 2023, The Flash ya sami ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa, amma Calle ta sami yabo saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin Supergirl.[5][6] Haɗin abubuwan da suka haifar da mummunan aikin kudi na fim din (yawanci ana danganta su da matsalolin shari'a na Ezra Miller), Warner Bros. wanda ya maye gurbin jagorancin DC Studios, da sake farawa na DCEU a cikin nau'in DC Universe (DCU) yana nufin cewa ba ta taɓa kasancewa ba, kuma rawar Supergirl ta ƙarshe an sake yin ta tare da Milly Alcock don aikin na gaba wanda ke nuna halin, fim din DCU Supergirl (2026), ban da ba a san ta ba a cikin fim ɗin da ya gabata.[7] Calle na gaba ya fito a fim din wasan kwaikwayo On Swift Horses, wanda aka saki a watan Satumbar 2024 zuwa sake dubawa mai kyau.<ref name="onswifthorses">{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Harper |date=February 28, 2023 |title=Daisy Edgar-Jones, Jacob Elordi and Diego Calva to Star in Historical Drama 'On Swift Horses' |url=https://www.thewrap.com/on-swift-horses-movie-daisy-edgar-jones-jacob-elordi |access-date=February 28, 2023 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> A cikin 2026, ta bayyana a fim din [[Netflix]] The Rip . == Rayuwa ta mutum == A wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekarar 2024 tare da The Hollywood Reporter, Calle ta ambaci cewa ita 'yar luwaɗi ce.<ref name="hr">{{Cite web |last=Davids |first=Brian |date=October 30, 2024 |title=Sasha Calle Talks ‘In the Summers’ and Gets Candid About ‘The Flash’: “It Was Very Heartbreaking” |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/sasha-calle-the-flash-press-tour-1236048419/ |access-date=October 30, 2024 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Godiya gaisuwa == {| class="wikitable" !Kyautar !Shekara !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |Kyautar Emmy ta rana |2020 |Kyakkyawan Matashi a cikin Jerin Wasan kwaikwayo |[[The Young and the Restless|Matasa da marasa kwanciyar hankali]]|{{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="emmy" /> |- |Kyautar Hotuna |2025 |Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin |A kan dawakai masu sauri|{{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Imagen |title=2025 Imagen Awards |url=https://www.imagen.org/awards/2025-imagen-awards/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=Imagen Foundation |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012002440/https://www.imagen.org/awards/2025-imagen-awards/ |archive-date=2025-10-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Imagen |date=2025-08-26 |title=40th Imagen Awards Honor Latino Talent Across Film, Television and Streaming |url=https://www.imagen.org/2025/08/40th-imagen-awards-winners/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=Imagen Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 82iz3zil9dbqo6c0s6sznisfmih3pev 0 174603 975398 946714 2026-11-02T22:22:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Galichya Gora''' wani Zapovednik ne ko ajiyar yanayi wanda ke cikin Gundumar Yeletsky ta Lipetsk Oblast kuma Jami'ar Jihar Voronezh ce ke gudanar da shi. == Tarihi == An kafa Galichya Gora a ranar 25 ga watan Afrilu a shekara ta 1925. Asalin gidan kayan gargajiya na Yeletsky ne ke gudanar da shi. Koyaya, a ranar 17 ga watan Afrilu a shekarar 1936, an canja gwamnatin zuwa Jami'ar Jihar Voronezh . <ref name="GG">{{Cite web |title=Reserve "Galichya Gora" |url=http://zapovednik.h1.ru/tour.shtml |access-date=26 December 2014 |website=zapovednik.h1.ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227021213/http://zapovednik.h1.ru/tour.shtml |archive-date=27 December 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Yanayi da yankin == Galichya Gora tana cikin ''Yankin gandun daji na Gabashin Turai'', yanki ne na canji tsakanin gandun daji masu laushi na arewa da wuraren ciyawa zuwa kudu.Wannan yankin yana da alaƙa da gandun daji, tsaunuka, da wuraren da ke cikin kogi.<ref name="ecomap">{{Cite web |title=Map of Ecoregions 2017 |url=https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/ |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=Resolve, using WWF data |language=en}}</ref> Yanayin Galichya Gora shine ''Yanayin zafi na nahiyar, lokacin rani mai zafi'' (Köppen climate classification [[Yanayi na Subarctic| (Dfb)]] ). Wannan yanayin yana da manyan sauye-sauye a cikin zafin jiki, a rana da kuma yanayi, tare da lokacin rani mai sauƙi da sanyi, hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara.<ref name="kop">{{Cite web |last=Kottek |first=M. |last2=Grieser |first2=J. |last3=Beck |first3=C. |last4=Rudolf |first4=B. |last5=Rubel |first5=F. |date=2006 |title=World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated |url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/Paper_2006.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kop-data">{{Cite web |title=Dataset - Koppen climate classifications |url=https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-maps-k%C3%B6ppen-geiger-climate-classification |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> == Yankunan da ke cikin su == Ajiyar ta kunshi yankuna daban-daban guda shida: <ref name="GG" /> * Galichya Gora, (asalin ajiya) * Morozova Gora (an kara shi a ranar 5 ga Mayu 1941) * Pluschan (an kara tun 1953) * Bykova Sheya (an kara tun 1953) * Voronov Kamen (an kara tun 1953) * Vorgolskoe (an kara tun 1953) == Manazarta == dkpwpb4s0032gi26q22hdazbxqsu5sn 0 175810 975180 967231 2026-11-02T15:12:47Z Saudarh2 14842 /* */ 975180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Loch Naver'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=John Fleming |title=Loch Nabhair |url=https://www.ambaile.org.uk/gd/search/?searchQuery=loch+nabhair |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=Am Baile |language=gd}}</ref> wani [[Loch|yanki]] ne da ke cikin gundumar Farr da ke Sutherland a yankin majalisar [[Highland (yanki na majalisa)|Highland]], na arewacin Scotland . Yana kan babban titin B873 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=B873, a scenic narrow road along Loch Naver |url=https://www.dangerousroads.org/europe/scotland/4980-b873.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=www.dangerousroads.org |language=en-gb}}</ref> A kan wurin shakatawar akwai kuma ƙauyukan Kilbreck, Redhackaistellll da Dailmallhart. Bugu da ƙari, Alltnaharra da Achanaes suna kusa. <ref name=":0" /> Kamun kifi ya shahara sosai a Loch Naver da [[Strathnaver|Kogin Naver]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=NC500 Fishing - Best Salmon Rivers and Lochs in North Sutherland |url=http://www.nc500fishing.com/north-sutherland-salmon-fishing.asp |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=www.nc500fishing.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702042100/http://www.nc500fishing.com/north-sutherland-salmon-fishing.asp |archive-date=2022-07-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Fly Fishing for Salmon on the Naver, Syre Estate, Sutherland in Scotland |url=https://naverfishingsyre.co.uk/salmon-fishing |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Naver Fishing Syre}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Lochs and Rivers |url=https://altnaharra.com/fishing/lochs-and-rivers/ |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Altnaharra Hotel |language=en-US}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tsawon kogin Loch kusan kilomita 10 ne amma faɗinsa ya danganta da wurin da yake, Loch Naver ya miƙe daga Gabas zuwa Yamma kuma ruwa yana gudana gabas daga [[River Mudale|Kogin Mudale]] da [[Loch Staonsaid]] zuwa [[Strathnaver|Kogin Naver]] da Loch Hope . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Loch Naver {{!}} Canmore |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/5585/loch-naver |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=canmore.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> === Gudummawar shigowa da fitarwa === Babban kwararar ruwan Loch Naver shine [[River Mudale|Kogin Mudale]] da [[River Vagastie|Kogin Vagastie]] yayin da babban kwararar ruwan shine [[Strathnaver|Kogin Naver]] . Sauran kwararar ruwa sun haɗa da: * Grummore Burn <ref>{{Cite web |title=Grummore, depopulated township, Loch Naver (SM2209) |url=http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/SM2209 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=portal.historicenvironment.scot}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MHG12636 - Grummore, depopulated township, Loch Naver - Highland Historic Environment Record |url=https://her.highland.gov.uk/Monument/MHG12636 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=her.highland.gov.uk}}</ref> * Allt Gruama Beag * Allt a' Choire Bhuidhe * Allt a' Chnoic Leith * Allt Ach' a' Chuil <ref>{{Cite web |title=Way: Allt Ach'a' Chuil (240980294) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/240980294 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=OpenStreetMap |language=en}}</ref> * Allt Ruigh na Sealbhaig <ref>{{Cite web |title=Allt Ruigh Na Sealbhaig {{!}} Canmore |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/75103/allt-ruigh-na-sealbhaig |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=canmore.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> * Allt Creagach <ref>{{Cite web |title=Allt Creagach {{!}} Canmore |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/75106/allt-creagach |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=canmore.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MHG12639 - Allt Creagach - Highland Historic Environment Record |url=https://her.highland.gov.uk/Monument/MHG12639 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=her.highland.gov.uk}}</ref> * Kilbreck Burn <ref>{{Cite web |title=MHG13275 - Cup Marked Stone, Klibreck Burn - HBSMR WEB and API reference site |url=https://hbsmr-web.esdm.co.uk/Monument/MHG13275 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=hbsmr-web.esdm.co.uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nostalgic memories of Klibreck Burn's local history |url=https://www.francisfrith.com/klibreck-burn/memories |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=www.francisfrith.com}}</ref> == kamun kifi == Kamun kifi ya zama ruwan dare ba kawai a Loch Naver ba har ma a [[Strathnaver|Kogin Naver]], domin wuri ne mai kyau don kama kifi. Ana kiran yankin [[Strathnaver|Stathnaver]] a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun wuraren kamun kifi a ƙasar. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Salmon, Trout, Loch and River Fishing, Scotland |url=https://www.sportinglets.co.uk/fishing/ |access-date=2022-06-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mutanen da ke son zama a yankin suna da zaɓi da akwai wurin shakatawa na karafa a Loch da kuma masauki a Alltnaharra da Syre. <ref name=":3" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Luxury Hotel in Altnaharra, Sutherland {{!}} Althaharra Hotel |url=https://altnaharra.com/ |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=Altnaharra Hotel |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> boz91eroidw0rmhnmicuru0kwzw6q4u 0 176135 975179 975158 2026-11-02T15:11:45Z Saudarh2 14842 /* */ 975179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{Databox}} '''Loch Morie''' babban dutse ne a cikin Easter Ross, kusan girmansa ya kai 11.5.&nbsp;kilomita arewa maso yamma da Alness. Ita ce tushen Kogin Averon wanda ke ratsa cikin garin kafin ya shiga Cromarty Firth. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga Scottish Gaelic ''mór'', ma'ana "babba" wato "Big Loch". <ref>{{Cite web |last=midasiak |date=2019-11-07 |title=The Gaelic origins of place names in Britain |url=https://getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/guides/the-gaelic-origins-of-place-names-in-britain/#:~:text=Background%20to%20Scottish%20Gaelic&text=It%20has%20left%20us%20with,usually%20from%20cill%20or%20coille. |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=OS GetOutside |language=en-US}}</ref> A ƙarshen gabas na Loch, inda Kogin Averon ya fara, akwai wani ƙaramin tsibiri mai duwatsu wanda aka yi imanin cewa shine ragowar wani dutse, bayan binciken kayan tarihi a shekarun 1931 da shekarar 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Loch Morie {{!}} Canmore |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/12961/loch-morie |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=canmore.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> Duk da haka, wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2023 da Hukumar Binciken Kayan Tarihi ta Arewacin Scotland ta gudanar ya gano babu wata shaida da ke nuna gine-ginen wucin gadi a tsibirin ko a kusa da shi, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa wani abu ne na halitta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MHG8889 - Crannog? Loch Morie - Highland Historic Environment Record |url=https://her.highland.gov.uk/Monument/MHG8889 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205200719/https://her.highland.gov.uk/Monument/MHG8889 |archive-date=2024-12-05 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=her.highland.gov.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> An zaɓi Loch Morie a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani bincike na bathmetric na 1902 da Sir John Murray, "uban nazarin teku na zamani".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Loch Morie (Vol. 4, Plate 63) - Bathymetrical Survey of the Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland, 1897-1909 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/bathymetric/chart/2115 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=maps.nls.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320115330/https://maps.nls.uk/bathymetric/chart/2115 |archive-date=2025-03-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yana zaune a cikin gaurayen gado na psammite da pelite.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digimap Discovery Service |url=https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/shibboleth-ds/DS?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fgeoshibb.edina.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&return=https%3A%2F%2Fdigimap.edina.ac.uk%2FShibboleth.sso%2FDS%3FSAMLDS%3D1%26target%3Dcookie%253A1742471244_09a4 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=digimap.edina.ac.uk}}</ref> A yau, wurin kamun kifi sanannen wuri ne na kamun kifi, tare da isasshen kifin kifi mai launin ruwan kasa, kifi ferox, kifi [[salmon]], da kuma kifin Arctic char.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fishing at Kildermorie Estate in rivers, lochs and hill lochs |url=https://www.kildermorie.co.uk/fishing.html |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=www.kildermorie.co.uk}}</ref> == Manazarta == hndzbo5luokjms3hjrs7ruwx9bemqsd 0 176375 975487 952700 2026-11-03T07:21:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Tuctoria greenei.jpg|status={{TNCStatus}}|status_system=TNC|status_ref=<ref name="TNC status 14 may 2022">{{cite web | url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.144317 | title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 }}</ref>|genus=Tuctoria|species=greenei|authority=([[George Vasey (botanist)|Vasey]]) [[John Raymond Reeder|Reeder]]|synonyms=''Orcuttia greenei''}} '''''Tuctoria greenei''''' nau'in ciyawa ne da ya shahara a [[California]] . Sunaye da aka fi sani da shi sun haɗa da '''awnless spiralgrass''' da kuma '''Greene's tuctoria''' . Ƙungiyar Tsire-tsire ta California da ke cikin jerin 1B.1 (wanda ba kasafai ake samunsa ba, ko kuma wanda ke fuskantar barazana, ko kuma wanda ke fuskantar barazana). Jihar California kuma ta lissafa shi a matsayin wanda ba kasafai ake samunsa ba, kuma gwamnatin tarayya ta sanya shi a cikin jerin wadanda [[Dokar Nau'in Halittu|ke fuskantar barazanar fuskantar barazana]], bayan an sanya shi a cikin jerin a ranar 26 ga Maris, 1997. Wannan ciyawar yawanci tana faruwa ne a cikin [[Tafkin Vernal|tafkuna masu faɗi]] a cikin ciyayi a gefen gabas na Sacramento da San Joaquin Valleys . Wannan nau'in halittar da ke fuskantar barazanar lalacewa tana fuskantar barazanar lalata mazauninta na wurin waha na vernal water da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba. Tsarin da ke haifar da wannan [[Rashin mazaunin|lalata muhalli]] ya haɗa da [[noma]], ci gaban birane, yawan kiwo da tattake [[Dabbobin Kiwo|dabbobi]], canje-canje a fannin nazarin ruwa, da kuma nau'ikan halittu da aka gabatar . <ref name="butte" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160401133349/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8738,9325,9326 Maganin Jepson da Manual] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Tuctoria+greenei Hotunan hoto] {{Taxonbar|from=Q7851181}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3xw2mh1un2bq6lc6y4quyvgiqxzr6qs 0 176563 975497 956330 2026-11-03T08:46:26Z Zahrah0 14848 975497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Laurentia Tan Yen Yi''' <small>BBM PBM</small> (/lɒˈ grenʃə/ lo-REN-shə; Sinanci; : , mai suna [tʂə̌n signed̂n í]; an haife ta ne a ranar 24 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 1979), ɗan wasan motsa jiki ne na [[Singafora|Singaporean]]. Tan ta kamu da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da [[Rashin ji|kurma]] mai zurfi bayan haihuwa, kuma ta koma Ingila tare da iyayenta tana da shekaru uku. Ta fara hawa doki tun tana 'yar shekara biyar a matsayin wani nau'i na physiotherapy. Daga baya ta kammala A-Matakan A Mary Hare Grammar School, makarantar [[Makarantar allo|zama]] ta musamman ga kurame, kuma ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes a cikin kula da baƙi da yawon bude ido. A watan Maris na 2007, ƙungiyar Riding for the Disabled Association ta Singapore (RDA) ta gayyaci Tan don shiga ƙungiyar Singapore don gasar World Para Dressage Championships a Kwalejin Hartpury da ke Hartpury, Gloucester, a Ingila a watan Yulin wannan shekarar. A wannan taron, gasarta ta farko a duniya, ta yi abin da ya dace don samun cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta 2008. A watan Satumba na 2008, a Cibiyar Dawaki ta Olympics ta Hong Kong da ke Sha Tin, ta sami lambobin tagulla a Gasar Zakarun Mutum da Gwaje-gwajen 'Yanci na Mutum (aji Ia). Waɗannan su ne lambobin yabo na farko na gasar Paralympic ta Singapore da kuma lambobin yabo na farko na dawaki a Asiya a gasar Paralympic. An ba Tan lambar yabo ta Pingat Bakti Masyarakat (Lambar Aikin Jama'a) daga Shugaban Singapore a wani biki da aka yi a Istana Singapore a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 2008. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2012, Tan ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta Singapore a [[2012 Summer Paralympics|gasar Paralympics ta bazara ta 2012]] a Landan, tagulla a gasar dressage Individual Championship Test (aji Ia). Ta biyo bayan haka da lambar azurfa a jarrabawar Individual Freestyle Test (aji Ia) a ranar 4 ga Satumba. Saboda nasarorin da ta samu, shugaban ƙasa ya ba Tan lambar yabo ta ''Bintang'' (Tauraron Ma'aikatan Jama'a) a watan Nuwamba na 2012. Tan zai kuma shiga gasar World Equestrian Games, kuma zai sami lambar tagulla a shekarar 2014 da kuma lambar azurfa a shekarar 2018. Ta kuma shiga gasar Paralympics ta bazara ta 2020, amma za ta kai matsayi na 5 kacal. == Shekarun farko da ilimi == An haifi Laurentia Tan a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 1979 a [[Singafora|Singapore]] . Ta koma tare da iyalinta zuwa [[Landan]] tana da shekaru uku saboda aikin mahaifinta.<ref name="Beijing 2008">{{citation |title=Athlete biography: TAN Laurentia |url=http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRMP/ENG/BIO/Athlete/1/1210261.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316094559/http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRMP/ENG/BIO/Athlete/1/1210261.shtml |archive-date=16 March 2009 |publisher=[[2008 Summer Paralympics|Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games]], [[Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games|Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad]] |year=2008 |access-date=13 September 2008}}.</ref> Tan ta kamu da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da [[Kurãme|kurma]] mai zurfi bayan haihuwa, kuma likitoci sun sanar da iyayenta cewa mai yiwuwa ba za ta iya tafiya ba. Iyalinta sun yanke shawarar zama a Ƙasar Ingila saboda sun ji cewa za ta fi iya cimma cikakkiyar damar ta tare da wuraren kiwon lafiya da kuma tallafin ilimi na ƙwararru da ke akwai a can.<ref name="ST 20080911" /> Lokacin da take makaranta, ta fadi sau da yawa kuma ta sami ƙananan raunuka da yawa har malamai da ma'aikaciyar jinya ta makaranta sun ba ta lakabi da "Matsala". A shekara biyar ba ta iya zama da tafiya yadda ya kamata ba, kuma ta fara hawa doki a Cibiyar Diamond don Masu Ruwa da Naƙasassu a London a matsayin nau'in physiotherapy. <ref name="Today 20080912" /> Wannan aikin ya kuma taimaka mata da amincewa da girman kai.<ref name="Today 20080912">{{citation |author=Tan Yo-Hinn |title=Tan's bronze shine: Thanks to mum and dad's resolve, this Singaporean is now a star athlete |url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/275491.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927052628/http://www.todayonline.com/articles/275491.asp |archive-date=27 September 2008 |url-status=dead |newspaper=[[Today (Singapore newspaper)|Today]] |date=12 September 2008 |page=53}}.</ref><ref name="ST 20080911">{{citation |author=Jeanette Wang |title=Laurentia, the perfectionist: Paralympic medallist lip-reads, insists on eating with chopsticks |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] |date=11 September 2008 |page=A9}}.</ref> <ref>{{citation |title=The Diamond Centre for Disabled Riders: Who we are |url=http://www.diamondcentre.org.uk/who-we-are/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217163231/http://www.diamondcentre.org.uk/who-we-are/ |archive-date=17 December 2013 |url-status=dead |publisher=Diamond Centre for Disabled Riders |access-date=4 September 2012}}.</ref><ref name="ST 20080910">{{citation |author=Jeanette Wang |title=First medal for S'pore: Tan claims equestrian bronze, also Asia's first, at the Paralympic Games |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=10 September 2008 |page=B14}}.</ref> Tan ta kammala karatunta na A-level a Makarantar Grammar Mary Hare, wata [[Ilimi Na Musamman|makarantar musamman]] ta [[Makarantar allo|kurame]], inda ta kasance shugabar makaranta. Ta kuma lashe kyautar Elizabeth Dyson don ci gaba da nasara da kuma kyautar nazarin kasuwanci. Tun tana da shekaru 18, ta daina hawan dawaki tsawon shekaru takwas don neman digiri na girmamawa a fannin kula da baƙi da [[Yawon bude ido|yawon buɗe ido]] a Jami'ar Oxford Brookes, da kuma don aikinta a matsayin ma'aikacin lafiyar kwakwalwa. <ref name="ST 20080911" /> Duk da haka, ta rasa damar shiga gasar kuma ta sake shiga a shekarar 2005. Tan ya ce, "A gare ni, hawa doki yana ba ni 'yanci, motsi da kuzarin da ƙafafuna ba za su iya yi ba." <ref name="ST 20080911" /> ==Ayyukan wasanni== Tan ta fara koyon hawan doki a watan Oktoba 2005 a Diamond Centre for Disabled Riders, inda ta haɗu da mai horas da ita Heather "Penny" Pegrum. Bayan an ƙarfafa mata gwiwa ta shiga gasannin dressage a watan Maris 2006, cikin sauri ta samu damar shiga gasar Riding for the Disabled Association (RDA) Nationals a wannan shekarar. A watan Maris 2007, RDA Singapore ta tuntubi Tan tare da gayyatar ta shiga ƙungiyar Singapore a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Para Dressage ta 2007, wadda ta kasance gasar neman gurbin shiga [[2008 Summer Paralympics]].<ref name="BT 20080913">{{citation |author=Siow Li Sen |title=Grooming disabled riders |date=13 September 2008 |url= |newspaper=Business Times (Singapore)}}</ref> An gudanar da wannan gasar, wadda ita ce gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ta farko da Tan ta shiga, a Hartpury College, Gloucester, Ingila, a watan Yuli 2007. Ta samu maki 63% ko fiye a duka jarabawar ƙungiya da ta mutum ɗaya, wanda ya ba ta damar samun zaɓe zuwa [[2008 Summer Paralympics]]. A gasar Freestyle to Music, duk da kasancewarta kurma sosai, ta zo ta huɗu cikin mahaya 18, inda mafi kyawun makin da ta samu ya kasance 67.94%.<ref>{{citation |title=Dressage rider Laurentia Tan qualifies for the 2008 Hong Kong Para-Olympics &#91;sic&#93;! |url=http://www.rdasingapore.org/?p=15 |publisher=Riding for the Disabled Association Singapore |date=22 August 2007 |access-date=11 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218093404/http://www.rdasingapore.org/?p=15 |archive-date=18 December 2008}}.</ref> A watan Oktoba 2007, Tan ta je Singapore domin ziyara, inda ta riƙa atisaye kullum a RDA ta Singapore tare da mai horas da ita na sa-kai Sally Drummond. Tan ta bar aikinta a watan Yuni 2008 domin ta riƙa atisaye cikakken lokaci tare da mai horas da ita Penny Pegrum da likitar motsa jiki Anthea Pell.<ref name="Today 20080912" /><ref name="ST 20080910" /> ===2008 Summer Paralympics=== Gasar Paralympics ta farko da Tan ta shiga ita ce gasar para-dressage ta mutum ɗaya ta Championship Test (aji Ia). Ana rarraba mahaya a wannan gasa zuwa azuzuwan I zuwa IV, inda waɗanda ke a aji I suke da nakasa mafi tsanani. A ranar 9 ga Satumba, tana hawan wani doki mai shekara 20 mai launin chestnut, ɗan dokin namiji da aka ba ta aro mai suna Nothing to Lose (wanda kuma ake kira Harvey), a Hong Kong Olympic Equestrian Centre da ke Sha Tin, Tan ta samu maki 68.80% ta lashe lambar yabo ta tagulla, a bayan Anne Dunham ta Burtaniya (73.10%) da Sophie Christiansen (72.80%). Ta haka ta zama 'yar Singapore ta farko da ta lashe lambar yabo a Paralympics, sannan kuma mai riƙe da tarihin lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta wasan dawaki a Paralympics a Asiya. Bayan kwana biyu da samun lambar yabo ta farko, Tan ta sake lashe tagulla ta biyu da maki 70.167% a gasar Individual Freestyle Event, inda ta yi waƙa tare da Nothing To Lose.<ref name="ST 20080912">{{citation |author=Jeanette Wang |title=Bronze once again: Tan can't hear music but she and horse 'dance' their way to 2nd medal |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=12 September 2008 |page=B21}}.</ref> Shugabar Equestrian Federation of Singapore, Melanie Chew, ta bayyana rawar da ta taka a matsayin "fiye da abin da muke tsammani", sannan ta ce nasarorin za su taimaka wajen ƙara wayar da kan jama'a a cikin gida game da wannan wasa.<ref>{{citation |author=Tan Yo-Hinn |title=Paralympics: Singapore's Laurentia Tan wins second Equestrian bronze |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/375273/1/.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810011823/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/375273/1/.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 August 2017 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |date=12 September 2008 |access-date=23 September 2026}}.</ref><ref>See also {{citation |title=First Paralympian for Singapore emerges today – Laurentia Tan |url=http://www.sdsc.org.sg/news_and_media/media_detail/595/ |publisher=Singapore Disability Sports Council |date=9 September 2008 |access-date=13 September 2008 |archive-date=4 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004124925/http://www.sdsc.org.sg/news_and_media/media_detail/595/ |url-status=dead}}; {{citation |author=Tan Yo-Hinn |title=Tan the history-maker: She keeps her cool to win Singapore's first Paralympic medal |url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/275052.asp |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5bF4xruFb?url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/275052.asp |archive-date=1 October 2008 |newspaper=Today |date=10 September 2008 |page=32}}; {{citation |author=Low Lin Fhoong |title=Tan aims for No 2: One bronze in the bag, equestrian ace could taste more glory today |url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/275268.asp |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5bF4lqmNw?url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/275268.asp |archive-date=1 October 2008 |newspaper=Today |date=11 September 2008 |page=49}}; {{citation |title=Roundup: British, German riders become biggest winners in Para-equestrian Freestyle |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-09/12/content_9935260.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915095039/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-09/12/content_9935260.htm |archive-date=15 September 2008 |publisher=Xinhua News Agency |date=12 September 2008 |url-status=dead}}.</ref> Nasarar Tan ta haifar da muhawara kan irin kulawar da ake bai wa 'yan wasan Paralympics a Singapore. Wani mai rubuta wasiƙa zuwa ''Straits Times'' ya soki yadda jaridar ba ta yi cikakken bayani game da rawar da Tan ta taka ko abin da gasar ta ƙunsa ba, sai dai ta "mai da hankali kusan gaba ɗaya kan nakasarta".<ref>{{citation |author=Liang Kaicheng |title=So proud, but why focus on disability? |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=12 September 2008}}.</ref> Wani mai rubuta wasiƙa zuwa ''my paper'' ya nuna rashin jin daɗinsa saboda an ba nasarar Tan ƙarancin talla idan aka kwatanta da lambobin yabo na azurfa da ƙungiyar mata ta Singapore ta wasan table tennis ta samu a [[Singapore at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Singapore at the 2008 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{citation |author=Yong Ming Han |title=Why so little attention paid to Paralympic bronze? |url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/Mailbox/Story/A1Story20080912-87350.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605104242/http://www.asiaone.com/News/Mailbox/Story/A1Story20080912-87350.html |archive-date=5 June 2011 |newspaper=my paper (reproduced at AsiaOne) |date=12 September 2008 |page=A28 |url-status=dead}}. See also {{citation |author=Leo Chen Ian (President, Disabled People's Association) |title=The value of gold: Paralympians put in as much effort as Olympians do |url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/277213.asp |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5bF56VA58?url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/277213.asp |archive-date=1 October 2008 |newspaper=Today |date=22 September 2008 |page=22}}, which also appeared as {{citation |title=Disabled appeal for more media coverage [letter] |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=20 September 2008 |page=A36}}.</ref> Bugu da ƙari, wani mai karatu na ''Today'' ya lura cewa Tan za ta karɓi [[Singapore dollar|S$]]25,000 saboda lambar tagullarta, wato kashi ɗaya cikin goma na S$250,000 da 'yan wasan table tennis Feng Tianwei, Li Jiawei da Wang Yuegu suka samu saboda lambobin azurfarsu. Ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata ta samu fiye da su, saboda abin da ta cim ma duk da nakasarta.<ref>{{citation |author=Chua Sin Bin |title=She deserves even more |url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/275473.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915003345/http://www.todayonline.com/articles/275473.asp |archive-date=15 September 2008 |url-status=dead |newspaper=Today |date=12 September 2008 |page=38}}.</ref> Shugaban Society for the Physically Disabled, Chia Yong Yong, ya bayyana bambancin da ke tsakanin kuɗaɗen da ake bai wa 'yan wasa marasa nakasa da masu nakasa a matsayin abin "damuwa", sannan ya yi fatan samun tsari guda ɗaya, saboda: {{blockquote|Idan muka ci gaba da samun ma'auni biyu daban-daban, za mu ƙarfafa ra'ayin da ba daidai ba cewa masu nakasa sun bambanta, sannan mu ƙara shingen da ke hana gina al'umma mai haɗa kowa. Ba za mu iya gina al'umma mai haɗa kowa cikin mutunci ba idan muka ci gaba da ƙin amincewa da nasarorin waɗanda ake ganin sun bambanta kuma ba su da ƙarfi kamar mu.<ref>{{citation |author=Chia Yong Yong |title=Offer them equal treatment |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=17 September 2008 |page=A23}}. See also {{citation |author=Leonard Thomas |title=Stars who break down barriers |url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/276588.asp |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5bF5L8xWL?url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/276588.asp |archive-date=1 October 2008 |newspaper=Today |date=18 September 2008 |page=49}}.</ref>}} [[File:LaurentiaTan-20080920.jpg|thumb|'Yan wasan Paralympics na Singapore Eric Ting Chee Keong, Jovin Tan Wei Qiang, Tan da Yip Pin Xiu a wani bikin murnar Paralympics a Cathay Cineleisure Orchard a ranar 20 ga Satumba 2008]] A ranar 16 ga Satumba, Nominated Member of Parliament Eunice Olsen ta tambaya a Parliament ko akwai bambanci tsakanin adadin kuɗin da ake bai wa 'yan wasan Olympics da na Paralympics, da kuma dalilin da ya sa 'yan wasan Paralympics ke samun ƙaramin ladan kuɗi sosai kan lambobin da suka ci idan aka kwatanta da 'yan wasan Olympics. Teo Ser Luck, Senior Parliamentary Secretary (Community Development, Youth and Sports), ya ce bisa ''per capita'', 'yan wasan da ke da nakasa sun samu kusan S$106,000 a shekarar kuɗi ta yanzu, idan aka kwatanta da S$54,000 ga kowane ɗan wasa marar nakasa, saboda akwai 'yan wasa marasa nakasa 794 da aka yi wa rajista, amma masu nakasa 16 ne kawai. Teo ya danganta bambancin ladan kuɗin da cewa 'yan wasan Olympics suna fuskantar matakan gasa mafi girma da kuma gasa mai faɗi, yayin da masu nakasa suke fafatawa a cikin azuzuwan nakasa. Bugu da ƙari, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da Singapore Totalisator Board ne ke bayar da ladan kuɗin, ba daga kuɗin gwamnati ba. An kuma kafa tsarin ladan 'yan Olympics tun shekaru da dama, yayin da aka fara bayar da ladan kuɗi ga 'yan Paralympics ne kwanan nan.<ref>{{citation |author=Jeremy Au Yong |title=Top disabled athletes get far more funding |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=17 September 2008 |page=B9}}.</ref><ref name="Today 20080917">{{citation |author=Tan Yo-Hinn |title=Paralympic hopefuls in line for more support |url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/276353.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928150530/http://www.todayonline.com/articles/276353.asp |archive-date=28 September 2008 |url-status=dead |newspaper=Today |date=17 September 2008 |page=43}}. See also {{citation |author=Marc Lim |title=M.A.P.'s new route: NSAs will get 20% cut of monetary award, some payouts reduced |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=18 September 2008 |page=B14}}; {{citation |author=Sim Chi Yin |title=Paralympians' feats inspire entire country |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=18 September 2008 |page=B14}}.</ref> Ya ce gwamnati tana duba yadda za ta "ƙirƙiri tsarin da zai haɗa dukkan 'yan wasan da ke wakiltar Singapore".<ref name="Today 20080917" /> An ba Tan lambar yabo ta [[Pingat Bakti Masyarakat]] (Public Service Medal) daga [[President of Singapore|Shugaban Singapore]] a wani biki da aka gudanar a Istana Singapore a ranar 20 ga Satumba 2008.<ref>{{citation |author=Valerie Chia |title=Joy ride for Paralympians |newspaper=The Straits Times|The Sunday Times (Sport) |date=21 September 2008 |page=33}}; {{citation |author=Lin Xinyi |title=Historic reception |newspaper=The Straits Times|The Sunday Times (Sport) |date=21 September 2008 |page=33}}.</ref> A wani liyafar godiya da aka gudanar a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 2008, Singapore National Paralympic Committee (SNPC) ta sanar da ƙara kuɗaɗen lada a ƙarƙashin tsarin Athlete Achievement Award ga 'yan wasan Paralympics da suka lashe lambobin yabo a gasannin mutum ɗaya da na ƙungiya, inda kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na kuɗin za a bai wa SNPC domin haɓaka 'yan wasa da wasanni masu matakin koli. Sakamakon haka, saboda nasarar da ta samu a Paralympics, Tan ta karɓi ladan kuɗi S$37,500, daga ciki S$12,500 ya tafi ga SNPC.<ref>{{citation |author=Jeanette Wang |title=More for medallists: Paralympians Pin Xiu, Goh &#91;''sic'': Tan&#93; get double the prize money in award scheme |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Sport/Story/STIStory_305474.html |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=22 November 2008 |page=C30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202235042/http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Sport/Story/STIStory_305474.html |archive-date=2 December 2009 |url-status=dead}}; {{citation |author=Tan Yo-Hinn |title=Paralympic stars Pin Xiu and Tan get cash boost |url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/288582.asp |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5cY2Yv3qU?url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/288582.asp |archive-date=23 November 2008 |newspaper=Today |date=22–23 November 2008 |page=48}}.</ref> Ta shiga jerin ''Today'' na 'yan wasan shekarar 2008 a matsayi na takwas,<ref>{{citation |author=Leonard Thomas |title=The brightest star of all: Table tennis star Li Jiawei is TODAY's Singapore Athlete of the Year 2008 |url=http://www.todayonline.com/articles/295016.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425132833/http://www.todayonline.com/articles/295016.asp |archive-date=25 April 2009 |url-status=dead |newspaper=Today |date=31 December 2008 |page=24}}.</ref> sannan ta raba lambar yabo ta ''Her World'' Young Woman Achiever 2008 tare da 'yar wasan ninkaya ta Paralympics Yip Pin Xiu.<ref>{{citation |title=Her World Woman of the Year 2008: Media Release |url=http://www.sphmagazines.com.sg/news/2009/03/06/her-world-woman-the-year-2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716031922/http://www.sphmagazines.com.sg/news/2009/03/06/her-world-woman-the-year-2008 |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=live |publisher=SPH Magazines |date=6 March 2009}}; {{citation |author=Grace Chua |title=Her World Woman of the Year: Not the final curtain call yet: A pioneer in the arts world, Goh Soo Khim's love for dance continues |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=7 March 2009}}.</ref> ===2012 Summer Paralympics=== A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2012, Tan ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko da Singapore ta samu a [[2012 Summer Paralympics]], wato tagulla a gasar dressage Individual Championship Test (aji Ia). Tana hawan Ruben James 2, wani doki namiji daga Jamus wanda ta san shi na tsawon watanni goma kacal, ta samu maki 73.650 cikin ɗari.<ref name="ST 20120904">{{citation |author=Terrence Voon |title=Tougher ride this time: Tan and her young horse have worked together for only 10 months |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=4 September 2012 |page=B18}}; {{citation |author=Alywin Chew |title=Laurentia Tan bags bronze medal: 33-year-old, who won bronze in Beijing Games, comes in third again in equestrian event |url=http://www.todayonline.com/Sports/EDC120904-0000052/Laurentia-Tan-bags-bronze-medal |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AQmpay7k?url=http://www.todayonline.com/Sports/EDC120904-0000052/Laurentia-Tan-bags-bronze-medal |archive-date=4 September 2012 |newspaper=Today |date=4 September 2012 |page=2}}. See also {{citation |author=Rohit Brijnath |title=Victory lies in Tan's duel with life |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=4 September 2012 |page=B18}}.</ref> Bayan kwana biyu, a ranar 4 ga Satumba, ta samu maki 79.000 a Individual Freestyle Test (aji Ia), wanda ya ba ta lambar yabo ta azurfa.<ref name="ST 20120906">{{citation |author=May Chen |title=Cool Tan's performance was inspiring, says Teo |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=6 September 2012 |page=B20}}; {{citation |title=Paralympics: Laurentia Tan scores a silver: Success in Individual Freestyle Test makes Tan Singapore's most bemedalled Paralympian ever |url=http://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC120905-0000066/Paralympics--Laurentia-Tan-scores-a-silver |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AToMDmPR?url=http://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC120905-0000066/Paralympics--Laurentia-Tan-scores-a-silver |archive-date=6 September 2012 |newspaper=Todayonline.com |date=5 September 2012}}; {{citation |author=Alywin Chew |title=Living in a silent blockbuster |url=http://www.todayonline.com/Sports/EDC120906-0000051/Living-in-a-silent-blockbuster |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AToSFHFF?url=http://www.todayonline.com/Sports/EDC120906-0000051/Living-in-a-silent-blockbuster |archive-date=6 September 2012 |newspaper=Today |page=54}}.</ref> Nasarorin da ta samu sun ba ta kyaututtuka na $50,000 (saboda lambar tagulla) da $100,000 (saboda azurfa) daga tsarin Athletes Achievement Awards na SNPC,<ref name="ST 20120904" /> wanda ya sake haifar da sharhi kan babban bambanci tsakanin kuɗaɗen da masu lashe lambobin Olympics da Paralympics ke samu.<ref>{{citation |author=Shanta Danielle Arul |title=Why the big disparity in cash rewards? [letter] |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=5 September 2012 |page=A21}}; {{citation |author=Liew Khai Khiun |title=Paralympic heroes deserve more &#91;letter&#93; |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/premium/forum-letters/story/paralympic-heroes-deserve-more-20120905 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ASBkDMEv?url=http://www.straitstimes.com/premium/forum-letters/story/paralympic-heroes-deserve-more-20120905 |archive-date=5 September 2012 |publisher=Straitstimes.com |date=5 September 2012}}; {{citation |author=Terrence Voon |title=Call for equal rewards: Many want Paralympic medallists to reap same rewards as Olympic winners |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=6 September 2012 |page=B20}}.</ref> Kashi 20 cikin 100 na kuɗin kyautar za a bai wa Singapore National Paralympic Council domin horaswa da ci gaba. Saboda nasarorin da ta samu, Tan ta lashe lambar ''The Straits Times'' Star of the Month ta watan Satumba, sannan shugaban ƙasa ya ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Bintang Bakti Masyarakat]] (Public Service Star) a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2012.<ref>{{citation |author=Sanjay Nair |title=Tan aiming higher for Rio |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=16 November 2012 |page=C14}}; see also {{citation |author=Alywin Chew |title=Brazil in her sights |url=http://www.todayonline.com/Sports/EDC121116-0000089/Brazil-in-her-sights |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6CDkxiugV?url=http://www.todayonline.com/Sports/EDC121116-0000089/Brazil-in-her-sights |archive-date=16 November 2012 |newspaper=Today |page=74}}.</ref> === Gasar Doki ta Duniya ta 2014 === A ranar 26 ga Agusta, 2014, Tan ta samu maki 74.552 cikin dari a Gasar Doki ta Duniya ta 2014 (WEG), a kan dokinta, Ruben James 2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Horsezone News: Morganti victorious on Para-Equestrian Dressage day two - Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games |url=http://horsezone.com.au/news/morganti-victorious-on-para-equestrian-dressage-day-two-alltech-fei-world-equestrian-games-4946/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205003559/https://horsezone.com.au/news/morganti-victorious-on-para-equestrian-dressage-day-two-alltech-fei-world-equestrian-games-4946/ |archive-date=2023-12-05 |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=Horsezone}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Italy's Morganti causes shock on day two |url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/italy-s-morganti-causes-shock-day-two |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903203100/https://www.paralympic.org/news/italy-s-morganti-causes-shock-day-two |archive-date=2014-09-03 |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=International Paralympic Committee |language=en}}</ref> Tan ta ci gaba da lashe lambar tagulla tare da dokinta, Ruben Delight, sannan ta samu kusan maki 75.087 cikin dari.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2018-09-20 |title=Equestrian: Laurentia Tan bags a silver at the World Equestrian Games |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/equestrian-laurentia-tan-bags-a-silver-at-the-world-equestrian-games |access-date=2023-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921131139/https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/equestrian-laurentia-tan-bags-a-silver-at-the-world-equestrian-games |archive-date=2018-09-21 |issn=0585-3923}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Helen |date=2014-08-28 |title=U.S. Team Finishes Eleventh in FEI World Team Para-Dressage Championships at 2014 Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games, Hart and Trunnell Advance to Freestyles |url=https://www.usef.org/media/press-releases/11733_us-team-finishes-eleventh-in-fei-world-team-paradressage-championships-at--alltech-fei-world-equestrian-games-hart-and-trunnell-advance-to-freestyles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315060943/https://www.usef.org/media/press-releases/11733_us-team-finishes-eleventh-in-fei-world-team-paradressage-championships-at--alltech-fei-world-equestrian-games-hart-and-trunnell-advance-to-freestyles |archive-date=2018-03-15 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=US Equestrian}}</ref> === Gasar Doki ta Duniya ta 2018 === A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 2018, Tan ta lashe lambar azurfa a Gasar Mutum Daya (Gida na I) na Hukumar Doki ta Duniya (FEI) a Gasar Doki ta Duniya ta 2018, tare da dokinta Fuerst Sherlock. Ta samu kusan maki 73.750 cikin dari.<ref name=":0" /> === Gasar Paralympics ta Lokacin Rani ta 2020 === A ranar 27 ga Agusta, 2021, Tan ta zo matsayi na 5 a gasar dressaji ta Mutum Daya a Gasar Paralympics ta Lokacin Rani ta 2020, tare da dokinta, Banestro. Ta samu maki 73.964 cikin dari.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kwek |first=Kimberly |date=2021-08-27 |title=Paralympics: S'pore rider Laurentia Tan misses dressage medal, finishes fifth; Gemma Foo is 17th |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/paralympics-rider-laurentia-tan-misses-dressage-medal-finishes-fifth-gemma-foo-is-17th |access-date=2023-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827162443/https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/paralympics-rider-laurentia-tan-misses-dressage-medal-finishes-fifth-gemma-foo-is-17th |archive-date=2021-08-27 |issn=0585-3923}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da shiga gasar dressaji ta Salo na 'Yanci na Mutum Daya a Filin Doki na Tokyo a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 2021, inda ita ma ta zo matsayi na 5 kuma ta samu kusan maki 75.060 cikin dari.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kwek |first=Kimberly |date=2021-08-30 |title=Paralympics: Equestrienne Laurentia Tan 5th in individual freestyle test - Grade I |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/paralympics-equestrienne-laurentia-tan-5th-in-individual-freestyle-test-grade-i |access-date=2023-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831000504/https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/paralympics-equestrienne-laurentia-tan-5th-in-individual-freestyle-test-grade-i |archive-date=2021-08-31 |issn=0585-3923}}</ref> === Gasar Para Dressage ta Duniya ta 2022 === A ranar 10 ga Agusta, 2022, Tan ta zo matsayi na 4 a Gasar Para Dressage ta Duniya ta 2022 ta Mutum Daya (Gida na Ia), a kan dokinta, Hickstead. Ta samu kusan maki 73.678 cikin dari. Ta ci gaba da samun matsayi na 5 a Gasar Kungiya, inda ta samu maki 73.429 cikin dari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-09 |title=Laurentia Tan: 'I may not be able to dance but on a horse we can do ballet together' |url=https://www.paralympic.org/feature/laurentia-tan-i-may-not-be-able-dance-horse-we-can-do-ballet-together |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214204318/https://www.paralympic.org/feature/laurentia-tan-i-may-not-be-able-dance-horse-we-can-do-ballet-together |archive-date=2023-02-14 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=International Paralympic Committee |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Scores: 2022 World Para Dressage Championships |url=https://eurodressage.com/2022/08/10/scores-2022-world-para-dressage-championships |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811093533/https://eurodressage.com/2022/08/10/scores-2022-world-para-dressage-championships |archive-date=2022-08-11 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Eurodressage |language=en}}</ref> == Lambobin Yabo / Lambobi == {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" |- valign=top ! Taron Gasar ! Maki (%) ! Lambar Yabo ! Kuri'a / Ranar ! Gasar |- | colspan="5" style="background:silver;" | '''2008''' |- valign=top | align=center | Individual Championship Test<br />(class Ia) | align=center | 68.800<ref name="ST 20080910" /> | style="text-align:center; background:#CD7F32;" | Tagulla | align=center | 9 Satumba 2008 | Gasar Paralympics ta Lokacin Rani ta 2008<br />Hong Kong, Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin |- valign=top | align=center | Individual Freestyle Test<br />(class Ia) | align=center | 70.167<ref name="ST 20080912" /> | style="text-align:center; background:#CD7F32;" | Tagulla | align=center | 11 Satumba 2008 | Gasar Paralympics ta Lokacin Rani ta 2008<br />Hong Kong, Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin |- | colspan="5" style="background:silver;" | '''2012''' |- valign=top | align=center | Individual Championship Test<br />(class Ia) | align=center | 73.650<ref name="ST 20120904" /> | style="text-align:center; background:#CD7F32;" | Tagulla | align=center | 2 Satumba 2012 | Gasar Paralympics ta Lokacin Rani ta 2012<br />London, Birtaniya |- valign=top | align=center | Individual Freestyle Test<br />(class Ia) | align=center | 79.000<ref name="ST 20120906" /> | style="text-align:center; background:silver;" | Azurfa | align=center | 4 Satumba 2012 | Gasar Paralympics ta Lokacin Rani ta 2012<br />London, Birtaniya |- | colspan="5" style="background:silver;" |'''2014''' |- |Individual Para-Dressage Championship test (Grade Ia) |75.087<ref name=":1" /> |style="text-align:center; background:#CD7F32;" | Tagulla | align=center | 28 Agusta 2014 | Gasar Doki ta Duniya ta FEI ta 2014 Normandy, Faransa |- | colspan="5" style="background:silver;" |'''2018''' |- |Individual Championship (Grade I) |73.750<ref name=":0" /> |style="text-align:center; background:silver;" | Azurfa | align=center | 20 Satumba 2018 |Gasar Doki ta Duniya ta FEI ta 2018 Mill Spring, North Carolina |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] mqvbeywxiz4q3hnucli930pprqjqlde 0 176568 975172 965891 2026-11-02T14:35:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ellie Victoria Cole''', AM (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1991) 'yar wasan [[Kwallon kwando na keken guragu|ninkaya ce kuma mai buga ƙwallon kwando]] ta Paralympic da ke da ritaya a Ostiraliya. Bayan an yanke mata ƙafa saboda cutar kansa, ta yi horo a fannin ninkaya a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirinta na gyaran jiki kuma ta ci gaba da sauri fiye da yadda malamai suka yi hasashe. Ta fara yin ninkaya mai kyau a shekarar 2003 kuma ta fara shiga gasar ninkaya ta duniya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta IPC ta 2006, inda ta lashe lambar azurfa. Tun daga lokacin, ta lashe lambobin yabo a gasar ninkaya ta Pan Pacific, [[wasannin Commonwealth]], [[wasannin Paralympic]], gasar ninkaya ta duniya ta IPC, da kuma gasannin kasa daban-daban. Bayan [[2012 Summer Paralympics|gasar Olympics ta Landan ta 2012]], inda ta lashe lambobin zinare huɗu da tagulla biyu, Cole ta yi gyare-gyare a kafadu biyu kuma ta yi nasarar komawa yin iyo a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na IPC ta 2015, inda ta lashe lambobin yabo biyar, ciki har da zinare uku. Daga baya ta wakilci Ostiraliya a gasar Paralympics ta Rio de Janeiro ta 2016, wasannin Commonwealth na 2018, da kuma [[Wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 2020|gasar Paralympics ta Tokyo ta 2020]] . A lokacin da ta lashe lambar yabo ta Paralympic ta goma sha bakwai a Tokyo, Cole ta zama 'yar wasan Paralympic mace mafi kyau a Australia da lambar yabo ta zinare shida, azurfa biyar da tagulla shida daga wasannin Paralympic guda hudu. ==Rayuwar mutum== An haifi Ellie Victoria Cole a Lilydale, Victoria, a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1991.<ref name="power"/> Mahaifiyarta da kakanta duk masu iyo ne<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-07-23/interview-ellie-cole/4124274|title=Interview: Ellie Cole|work=ABC Radio Grandstand|date=23 July 2012|access-date=21 August 2012}}</ref> sannan mahaifinta ma gwanin wasanni ne.<ref>{{Cite episode |title=Ellie Cole |url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/guide/abc1/201208/programs/SP1105H044D2012-08-20T185415.htm|access-date=21 August 2012 |series=Australia's Paralympians |network=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=20 August 2012 |number=44}}</ref><ref name="oam"/> Yayin da take da shekaru biyu a duniya, an gano tana daxe da wani nau'in cutar kansa mai wuya, watau neurosarcoma wanda ya dabaibaye jijiyoyin kafar dama danta.<ref name="power"/> Bayan da aka gaza warkar da kanta da magunguna (chemotherapy), an yanke kafarta ta dama daga sama da gwiwa a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1994.<ref name="mediaguide">{{cite web|title=Australian Swim Team Media Guide |url=http://swimming.org.au/assets/console/document/documents/IPC_MediaGuide_LR.pdf |publisher=Telstra Dolphins |access-date=28 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718011853/http://www.swimming.org.au/assets/console/document/documents/IPC_MediaGuide_LR.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2012 }}</ref> Makonni takwas bayan tiyatar, a matsayin wani bangare na jiyya da dawo da lafiya, mahaifiyarta Jenny ta yi mata rajista a darasin koyon iyo. Malaman Cole sun tsammaci za ta dauki kusan shekara guda tana koyon yadda za ta yi iyo madaidaici, amma ta koyi hakan a cikin mako biyu kacal.<ref name=APC>{{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org.au/team/ellie-cole|title=Ellie Cole|publisher=Australian Paralympic Committee|access-date=29 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/sports/athlete_spotlight?sq_content_src=%2BdXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZtYXRyaXh0dW5uZWwuYXVzcG9ydC5nb3YuYXUlMkZTcG9ydCUyRlBhcmFseW1waWNfU3dpbW1pbmclMkZTcXVhZCUyRlByb2ZpbGUlMkZBdGhsZXRlJTJGRGV0YWlsJTJGRWxsaWVfX0NvbGUmYWxsPTE%3D |title=Athlete Spotlight: AIS Paralympic Swimming – Ellie Cole |access-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411155327/http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/sports/athlete_spotlight?sq_content_src=%2BdXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZtYXRyaXh0dW5uZWwuYXVzcG9ydC5nb3YuYXUlMkZTcG9ydCUyRlBhcmFseW1waWNfU3dpbW1pbmclMkZTcXVhZCUyRlByb2ZpbGUlMkZBdGhsZXRlJTJGRGV0YWlsJTJGRWxsaWVfX0NvbGUmYWxsPTE%3D |archive-date=11 April 2013 }}</ref> Cole ta halarci makarantar Firamare ta Mount Eliza North da kuma Makarantar Sakandare ta Frankston, dukansu a Frankston da ke wajen birnin Melbourne.<ref name=frankstoncouncil>{{cite web|url=http://www.frankston.vic.gov.au/Arts_Culture_and_Heritage/Frankstons_Hall_of_Fame/Hall_of_Fame_Inductees_2010/Ellie_Cole/index.aspx |access-date=26 May 2012 |title=Ellie Cole |publisher=City of Frankston |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512061052/http://www.frankston.vic.gov.au/Arts_Culture_and_Heritage/Frankstons_Hall_of_Fame/Hall_of_Fame_Inductees_2010/Ellie_Cole/index.aspx |archive-date=12 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="edvic">{{cite web|url=http://www.education.vic.gov.au/about/news/newsalerts/2009/sportsawards.htm |title=Sporting Achievement Celebrated at the MCG |publisher=Department of Education and Early Childhood Development |date=23 March 2009 |access-date=28 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320121010/http://www.education.vic.gov.au/about/news/newsalerts/2009/sportsawards.htm |archive-date=20 March 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://secure.ausport.gov.au/asc_internet/news/ais_news/story_485444_video_available_100_days_to_go_to_the_london_paralympics |archive-url=https://arhive.today/20121127043836/https://secure.ausport.gov.au/asc_internet/news/ais_news/story_485444_video_available_100_days_to_go_to_the_london_paralympics |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 November 2012 |title=Video available: 100 days to go to the London Paralympics |publisher=Australian Sports Commission |date=21 May 2012 |access-date=1 September 2012 }}</ref> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2021, tana da zama a Sydney kuma tana horo a Kungiyar Iyo ta Knox Pymble. Ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin Kimiyyar Lafiya da Motsa Jiki a Jami'ar Katolika ta Ostireliya. Cole tana tare da abokiyar zamanta Silvia Scognamiglio. Sun hadu ne a London yayin Gasar Paralympics ta Lokacin Rani ta 2012 kuma suna da xiya xaya, namiji da aka haifa a Fabrairu 2024.<ref>{{cite web|last=Abi|first=Jo|title=Aussie Paralympian Ellie Cole discusses the challenges she has faced ahead of Tokyo|url=https://honey.nine.com.au/latest/ellie-cole-paralympian-tokyo-interview/fa9eaeec-6828-4f79-98e3-26f71e2af4da|date=13 July 2021|website=9Honey|publisher=Nine Entertainment Co.|access-date=28 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="Family">{{cite web|last=Scorer|first=Olga|title=Meet Paralympic Champion and I'm A Celebrity Star Ellie Cole's Family|url=https://www.who.com.au/ellie-cole-family|date=28 March 2024|website=Who|publisher=Are Media|access-date=28 March 2024}}</ref> Cole ta fito a cikin shirin fim din Rising Phoenix na shekara ta 2020 a Netflix, wanda ya maida hankali kan Gasar Paralympics. Sannan tana daga cikin masu yakin neman 'yancin #WeThe15, wata kungiya ta duniya da ke kare hakkin gurgaye da masu bukata ta musamman.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-18|title=Swimming superstar Ellie Cole on diversity, accessibility and bringing people joy|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/aug/19/swimming-superstar-ellie-cole-on-diversity-accessibility-and-bringing-people-joy|access-date=2021-09-03|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Cole ta sanar da yi murabus dinta daga harkar iyo a gasar Duel in the Pool ta Agusta 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/australia/swimmer-ellie-cole-ready-to-farewell-sport-at-the-commonwealth-games-and-take-the-lead-in-creating-a-more-inclusive-society/ar-AAZTwsy | title=Swimmer Ellie Cole ready to farewell sport at the Commonwealth Games and take the lead in creating a more inclusive society | website=MSN }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Helmers |first=Caden |date=2022-08-18 |title=Cole set for a 'fairytale ending' at Duel in the Pool |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/swimming/cole-set-for-a-fairytale-ending-at-duel-in-the-pool-20220818-p5bata.html |access-date=2022-10-13 |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref> Ita ce babbar manaja ta kungiyar Ostireliya a Gasar Matasa ta Commonwealth ta 2023. A ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2024, an nada Cole a Hukumar Paralympics ta Ostireliya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New PA Directors Join Green And Gold Runway To Brisbane Via Paris {{!}} Paralympics Australia|url=https://www.paralympic.org.au/2024/04/new-pa-directors-join-green-and-gold-runway-to-brisbane-via-paris/|date=1 April 2024|website=www.paralympic.org.au|access-date=5 April 2024|language=en-AU}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2024, ta kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan kakar karo ta goma na shirin talabijin din I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=24 March 2024 |title=I'm A Celebrity... Get Me Out Of Here! 2024: Meet the cast |url=https://www.mediaweek.com.au/im-a-celebrity-get-me-out-of-here-2024-meet-the-cast/ |access-date=24 March 2024 |magazine=Mediaweek |language=en-AU}}</ref> Cole ta kasance mai gabatar da shirin talabijin a Gasar Paralympics ta Lokacin Rani ta 2024 a Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-05-20 |title=Nine Confirms Paralympic Legends To Lead Paris 2024 Coverage |url=https://www.paralympic.org.au/2024/05/nine-confirms-paralympic-legends-to-lead-paris-2024-coverage/ |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Paralympics Australia |language=en-AU}}</ref> ==Iyo== An sanya Cole a cikin rukunin S9 a harkar iyo saboda yanke kafarta da aka yi, rukunin da ya kunshi 'yan iyo wadanda ke da matsalar haxin gwiwa a kafa xaya da kuma wadanda aka yanke wa kafa biyu ta kasan gwiwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org/Swimming/RulesandRegulations/Classification|title=Swimming – Rules & Regulations – Classification|publisher=International Paralympic Committee|access-date=27 June 2012}}</ref> Ta fara iyon gaba a shekara ta 2003 kuma, a Gasar Iyo ta Duniya ta IPC ta 2006 a Durban, ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar maza ta iyo ta baya ta mita 100 ta mata a rukunin S9.<ref name="APC"/> Haka kuma a shekara ta 2006, Cole ta lashe gasar iyo ta baya ta mita 100 a Gasar Iyo ta Telstra ta Ostireliya.<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 Telstra Australian Swimming Championships |url=http://www.swimming.org.au/calendar/index.cfm?fuseaction=SwimMeets&MeetID=7567 |publisher=Swimming Australia |access-date=30 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626233110/http://www.swimming.org.au/calendar/index.cfm?fuseaction=SwimMeets&MeetID=7567 |archive-date=26 June 2012 }}</ref> Cole ta samu shiga Kungiyar Iyo ta Paralympics ta Ostireliya a shekara ta 2008 kuma, a shekarar, ta halarci Gasar Paralympics ta Lokacin Rani ta 2008 a Beijing inda ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar iyon malam buxaxe ta mita 100 ta mata a rukunin S9 da kuma lambobin tagulla a gasar iyon salo na 'yanci ta mita 400 da ta iyon baya ta mita 100.<ref name="IPC">{{cite web |url=https://www.paralympic.org/ellie-cole |title=Ellie Cole |website=Paralympic.org |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |access-date=6 October 2012}}</ref> [[File:Ellie Cole.jpg|thumb|left|Cole bayan lokacin horo a Cibiyar Wasanni ta Ostireliya]] A ranar 12 ga Agusta 2009, Cole ta shiga gasar iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 100 ga masu bukata ta musamman a Gasar Iyo ta Takaitaccen Raga ta Ostireliya ta 2009 a Hobart, inda ta kafa sabon tarihin duniya da tsawon lokaci na 1:04:06.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://swimming.org.au/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=NewsItem&NewsID=9177 |title=World record hat-trick in Hobart |publisher=Swimming Australia |date=15 October 2009 |access-date=29 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529212127/http://swimming.org.au/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=NewsItem&NewsID=9177 |archive-date=29 May 2012 }}</ref> Wannan gasar ita ce zakaran gwajin dafin shiga Gasar Iyo ta Duniya ta IPC, karkashin jagorancin FINA, hukumar duniya ta harkar iyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipc-swimming.org/export/sites/ipc_sports_swimming/IPC_Swimming_Summit/Australia_IPC_SWIMMING_SUMMIT_09.pdf|title=IPC SWIMMING SUMMIT 2009|publisher=Swimming Australia|access-date=30 June 2012}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar, Cole ta halarci Gasar Iyo ta Duniya ta IPC ta Mita 25 ta 2009 a Rio de Janeiro, inda ta lashe lambobin tagulla a iyon baya na mita 100, iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 400, iyon gudun tsawa na mita 4 × 100 na salo na 'yanci da kuma iyon gauraye na mita 200 na mutum xaya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swimming.org.au/profiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=profile&ProfileID=1755588 |title=Ellie Cole |publisher=Swimming Australia |access-date=30 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627010632/http://www.swimming.org.au/profiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=Profile&ProfileID=1755588 |archive-date=27 June 2012 }}</ref> A shekara ta 2010 a Gasar Iyo ta Duniya ta IPC a Eindhoven, Holan, ta lashe lambobin tagulla a gasar iyon gauraye na mita 200 na mata da kuma iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 400 a rukunin S9.<ref name="mediaguide"/> A shekarar dai, ta lashe lambobin tagulla a iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 100 na S9 da iyon malam buxaxe na mita 100 na S9 a Gasar Commonwealth ta 2010 a New Delhi.<ref name="commonwealth">{{cite web|url=http://www.supersport.com/commonwealth/2010/results-swimming |title=2010 Commonwealth Games Results: SWIMMING |publisher=SuperSport |date=16 October 2010 |access-date=29 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318072105/http://www.supersport.com/commonwealth/2010/results-swimming |archive-date=18 March 2012 }}</ref> A Gasar Iyo ta Pan Pacific ta 2011 a Edmonton, Alberta, Kanada, ta lashe jimillar lambobin zinare guda shida, bayan ta yi nasara a gasannin mata na salo na 'yanci na mita 50, salo na 'yanci na mita 100, salo na 'yanci na mita 400, malam buxaxe na mita 100, iyo ta baya na mita 100 da kuma iyon gauraye na mita 200 na rukunin S9.<ref name="IPCMonth">{{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org/athlete-month/ellie-cole-athlete-month-august-2011|title=Ellie Cole – Athlete of the Month August 2011|date=August 2011|publisher=International Paralympic Committee|access-date=29 May 2012}}</ref> Cole ta kuma halarci gasannin xai-xaiku na kasa kamar Gasar Iyo ta Shekaru Daban-daban ta Ostireliya da Gasar Buxi ta Jihar New South Wales. Waccan gasar farko ana yin ta ne a Canberra a Cibiyar Wasanni ta Ostireliya don shirya gwanayen 'yan iyo don gasannin kasa da kasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Victoria's Multi Class Swimmers Head to Canberra |url=http://www.swimmingvictoria.org.au/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=NewsItem&NewsID=21182 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023052021/http://www.swimmingvictoria.org.au/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=NewsItem&NewsID=21182 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 October 2011 |publisher=Swimming Victoria |access-date=27 June 2012 }}</ref> Bayan nan ta halarci Gasar Buxi ta Jihar New South Wales ta 2012 a gasanni daban-daban.<ref>{{cite web|title=Australia's elite set to compete at NSW State Open Championships |url=http://www.richmondswimclub.com.au/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_main&NewsID=23386&OrgID=2306 |archive-url=https://arrchive.today/20121231042651/http://www.richmondswimclub.com.au/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_main&NewsID=23386&OrgID=2306 |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 December 2012 |publisher=Richmond Swimming Club |access-date=27 June 2012 }}</ref> Cole ta kasance mai samun gurbin karatu a Cibiyar Wasanni ta Ostireliya.<ref name=cbr-times-11>{{cite news|newspaper=Canberra Times|location=Canberra, Australian Capital Territory|date=26 November 2011|title=Canberrans Chase Olympic Dreams|first=Chris|last=Dutton|pages=Sports 10–12}}</ref> Kocin nata, Graeme Carroll, ya horar da ita a Canberra domin shirin Gasar Paralympics ta London ta 2012 tare da tsarin da ya haxa horon iyo da motsa jiki na arobi da dakin motsa jiki.<ref name=cbr-times-11 /> Ta yi horo tare da Teigan Van Roosmalen, wata 'yar iyo mai bukata ta musamman ta bangaren gani da ji ta rukunin S13.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cole takes Aussies to six gold in Edmonton |publisher=Swimming Australia |date=11 August 2011 |url=http://vicentre.swimming.org.au/article.php?group_id=16145&id=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531075120/http://vicentre.swimming.org.au/article.php?group_id=16145&id=2 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=30 April 2016 }}</ref> Cole tana kuma ba matasa 'yan wasa shawara da horo.<ref name=frankstoncouncil /> Yayinda ba ta a sakandare, Cole tana yin lokutan horon iyo goma ko fiye a mako guda, amma yayin da take makaranta, ta rage nauyin aikin.<ref name="power">{{cite news|last=Power|first=Emily|title=Ellie shrugs off VCE pressure|url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/ellie-shrugs-off-vce-pressure/story-e6frf7kx-1225796696374|newspaper=The Herald Sun|date=11 November 2009|access-date=27 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Triple gold for TigerShark |url=http://www.starnewsgroup.com.au/news/berwick/203/story/77961.html |archive-url=https://archiive.today/20121230200107/http://www.starnewsgroup.com.au/news/berwick/203/story/77961.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 December 2012 |newspaper=News Berwick |access-date=27 June 2012 }}</ref> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2021, kocinta shi ne Nick Dobson. A Gasar Paralympics ta London ta 2012, Cole ta shiga gasanni takwas kuma ta lashe lambobin yabo guda shida.<ref name="IPC"/> A gasarta ta farko, iyon malam buxaxe na mita 100 na S9, ta kare a matsayi na hudu, yayin da Natalie du Toit ta Afirka ta Kudu ta zo ta xaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-butterfly-s9/index.html?v=20120908-220611652 |title=Women's 100m Butterfly – S9 |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915183100/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-butterfly-s9/index.html?v=20120908-220611652 |archive-date=15 September 2012 }}</ref> Sai dai a dare na gaba, Cole ta lashe gasar iyon baya na mita 100 na S9, inda ta lashe lambarta ta farko ta zinare a gasar tare da kafa sabon tarihin Ostireliya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-backstroke-s9/index.html?v=20120908-220701654 |title=Women's 100m Backstroke – S9 |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915183118/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-backstroke-s9/index.html?v=20120908-220701654 |archive-date=15 September 2012 }}</ref> Ta shaida wa 'yan jarida cewa "burina ne tun ina xan shekara 12 in kayar da Natalie du Toit" wadda ta kasance "kamar Michael Phelps na harkar iyo gare ni, ta kasance babbar jagora kuma tana kwantar min da hankali a dakin shiri. Ita ce jarumar da na fi burgewa."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/in-depth/ellie-cole-triumphs-over-hero-natalie-du-toit/story-fnf990ez-1226462943462 |title=Ellie Cole triumphs over 'hero' Natalie du Toit |newspaper=The Australian |date=1 September 2012 |last=Wald |first=Tom |access-date=15 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907022206/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/in-depth/ellie-cole-triumphs-over-hero-natalie-du-toit/story-fnf990ez-1226462943462 |archive-date=7 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Cole ta lashe lambar zinare ta biyu a iyon gudun tsawa ta mita 4 x 100 na salo na 'yanci maki 34, a wannan karon tare da kafa tarihin duniya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-freestyle-relay-34-points/index.html |title=Women's 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay – 34pts |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914133131/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-freestyle-relay-34-points/index.html |archive-date=14 September 2012 }}</ref> A gasar iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 400 na S9, du Toit ta sake doke ita Cole din, inda ta kare a matsayin ta xaya, yayin da Cole ta samu lambar tagulla.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-400m-freestyle-s9/index.html |title=Women's 400m Freestyle – S9 |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914134014/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-400m-freestyle-s9/index.html |archive-date=14 September 2012 }}</ref> Cole ta lashe lambar tagulla ta biyu a iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 50 na S9, inda du Toit ta kare a matsayi na bakwai,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-50m-freestyle-s9/index.html |title=Women's 50m Freestyle – S9 |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914125739/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-50m-freestyle-s9/index.html |archive-date=14 September 2012 }}</ref> sannan ta samu zinare a iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 100 na S9, inda du Toit ta kare a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-freestyle-s9/index.html |title=Women's 100m Freestyle – S9 |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914135450/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-freestyle-s9/index.html |archive-date=14 September 2012 }}</ref> Cole ta kammala gasar, ta hanyar ba kowa mamaki har da kanta da lambar zinare ta hudu, a gasar iyon gudun tsawa ta mita 4 x 100 na salo na 'yanci maki 34, a wannan karon ma tare da kafa sabon tarihin Ostireliya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-medley-relay-34-points/index.html |title=Women's 4 x 100 metre medley relay – 34pts |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914133156/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-medley-relay-34-points/index.html |archive-date=14 September 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Canberra Times |url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/sport/cole-shocks-herself-with-one-last-victory-20120908-25l5k.html |title=Cole shocks herself with one last victory |date=9 September 2012 |access-date=15 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080356/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/sport/cole-shocks-herself-with-one-last-victory-20120908-25l5k.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:070908 - Cole and Williams embrace - 3b - crop.jpg|thumb|left|Cole da Annabelle Williams suna rungumar juna a karshen gasar karshe ta iyon malam buxaxe na mita 100 na S9 a Gasar Paralympics ta Beijing ta 2008]] Bayan Gasar Paralympics ta London, ta yi tiyatar kafada har sau biyu wadda ta yi barazana ga sana'arta ta iyo.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Polkinghorne|first1=David|title=Paralympic swimmer Ellie Cole sets two world records on way to world championship gold|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/swimming/paralympic-swimmer-ellie-cole-sets-two-world-records-on-way-to-world-championship-gold-20150713-gibm73.html|access-date=9 April 2016|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=14 July 2015}}</ref> A Gasar Iyo ta Duniya ta IPC ta 2015, ta lashe lambobin zinare a gasar mata ta iyon baya na mita 100 na S9 inda ta karya tarihin duniya a gaba-da-fito da kuma wasan karshe, gasar mata ta salo na 'yanci na mita 100 na S9 da kuma gasar iyon gudun tsawa ta mita 4 x 100 ta salo na 'yanci maki 34, lambar azurfa a iyon gudun tsawa ta gauraye ta mata ta mita 4 × 100 da lambar tagulla a gasar mata ta salo na 'yanci na mita 50 na S9.<ref name=2015day1>{{cite web|title=Ellie's world record double in golden start for Dolphins in Glasgow |url=http://www.swimming.org.au/article.php?group_id=76618&id=2 |website=Swimming Australia News |date=14 July 2015 |access-date=14 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714080307/http://www.swimming.org.au/article.php?group_id=76618&id=2 |archive-date=14 July 2015 }}</ref><ref name="2015 results">{{cite web|title=World record for 13-year-old Tiffany Thomas-Kane as Dolphins light up the pool in Glasgow 15 July |url=http://www.swimming.org.au/article.php?group_id=76725&id=2 |website=Swimming Australia News |date=15 July 2015 |access-date=16 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716062635/http://www.swimming.org.au/article.php?group_id=76725&id=2 |archive-date=16 July 2015 }}</ref><ref name=dayfour>{{cite web|title=Six golds and one world record for Ukraine at Glasgow 2015|url=http://www.paralympic.org/news/six-golds-and-one-world-record-ukraine-glasgow-2015|website=International Paralympic Committee News|date=16 July 2015|access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref> Cole ta zama 'yar iyo ta farko a rukunin S9 da ta ratsa dakika 29 a gasar iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 50 yayin da ta lashe lambar zinare a Gasar Iyo ta Ostireliya ta 2016 a Adelaide a gasar iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 50 na rukuni daban-daban. Lokacinta na sakandakaki 28.75 ya karya tarihin duniya na Natalie du Toit mai xakika 29.04.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cole breaks du Toit's 50m freestyle world record|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/cole-breaks-du-toit-s-50m-freestyle-world-record|website=International Paralympic Committee News|date=8 April 2016|access-date=9 April 2016}}</ref> A Gasar Paralympics ta Rio ta 2016,<ref>{{cite web|title=Swimming Australia Paralympic Squad Announcement|url=http://www.swimming.org.au/NewsCentral/Swimming-Australia-Paralympic-Squad-Announcement.aspx|website=Swimming Australia News|date=13 April 2016|access-date=14 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113144330/http://www.swimming.org.au/NewsCentral/Swimming-Australia-Paralympic-Squad-Announcement.aspx|archive-date=13 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cole ta lashe lambobin zinare guda biyu a gasar mata ta iyon baya na mita 100 na S9 da iyon gudun tsawa ta mata ta mita 4 x 100 na salo na 'yanci maki 34, lambobin azurfa guda uku a iyon mata ta mita 50 da mita 400 na salo na 'yanci na S9, iyon gudun tsawa ta gauraye ta mata ta mita 4 x 100 maki 34 da kuma lambar tagulla a iyon mata ta mita 100 na salo na 'yanci na S9.<ref name="rio">{{cite web|title=Ellie Cole |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/athlete/ellie-cole |website=Rio Paralympics Official site |access-date=13 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922202313/https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/athlete/ellie-cole |archive-date=22 September 2016 }}</ref> Cole tare da Maddison Elliott, Lakeisha Patterson da Ashleigh McConnell<ref>{{cite web|title=Medalists - 4x100m Freestyle - 34 Points|url=https://assetrio2016.azureedge.net/_odf-documents/s/w/SWW712000_Medallists_2016_09_15_4a255793_224b_486a_87ae_d1dd73de27a3.pdf|website=Rio Official Results 2016|publisher=Rio 2016 Paralympics|access-date=30 September 2016|archive-date=3 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003075733/https://assetrio2016.azureedge.net/_odf-documents/s/w/SWW712000_Medallists_2016_09_15_4a255793_224b_486a_87ae_d1dd73de27a3.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> sun karya tarihin duniya a gasar iyon gudun tsawa ta mata ta mita 4 × 100 na salo na 'yanci maki 34 tare da lokaci na 4:16.65.<ref>{{cite web|title=Women's 4 x 100m Freestyle Relay - 34 Points |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/swimming-womens-4x100m-free-34pts-final |website=Rio Official Results 2016 |publisher=Rio 2016 Paralympics |access-date=30 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922231140/https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/swimming-womens-4x100m-free-34pts-final |archive-date=22 September 2016 }}</ref> Cole ta fuskanci lokaci mai wahala a matakai na tunkarar Gasar Paralympics ta Rio. Ta ce "Har yanzu ina sa-in-sa kan ko na cancanci kasancewa a can wajen – kuma na san na cancanta, amma yana da ban mamaki cewa har bayan xunbun horon tunani na wasanni da na samu, wadannan tunane-tunanen suna shigowa su karya maka gwiwa... Yawanci 'yan wasan da ke lashe nasara sune wadanda za su iya ture wadancan tunane-tunanen a gefe, su shaida wa kansu cewa suna da kyakkyawan damar samun nasara."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Thompson|first1=Warren |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/parramatta/rio-2016-paralympics-granville-swimmer-ellie-cole-wins-two-gold-medals/news-story/c56783bb28c4918b23bda4c976308920|title=Rio 2016 Paralympics: Granville swimmer Ellie Cole wins two gold medals|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=30 September 2016}}</ref> Sannan Cole ta ture wadannan tunane-tunanen a gefe guda ta je ta lashe lambobin yabo 6 a Rio. A Gasar Iyo ta Para ta Duniya ta 2019 a London, ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar mata ta iyon baya na mita 100 na S9 da lambar tagulla a iyon mata na mita 400 na salo na 'yanci na S9.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ellie Cole|url=https://www.swimming.org.au/athletes/ellie-cole|url-status=bot: unknown|access-date=22 June 2021|website=Swimming Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613130704/https://www.swimming.org.au/athletes/ellie-cole|archive-date=13 June 2021}}</ref> ==Wasan kwallon kwando na guragu== [[File:Del Toso, Adams and Cole.JPG|thumb|Cole (dama) tare da 'yan wasan kwallon kwando na guragu na Victoria [[Leanne Del Toso]] (hagu) da Mel Adams (lamba 15)|260x260px]] Cole ta buga [[wheelchair basketball|kwallon kwando na guragu]] ga kungiyar Victoria a [[Women's National Wheelchair Basketball League|Ligar Kwallon Kwando na Guragu na Mata ta Kasa]] a shekarar 2013 da 2014 a matsayin [[4 point player|mai maki 4.0]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsportspulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=1-6734-0-0-0&sID=119018&news_task=DETAIL&articleID=23837980 |title=Team Preview: Victoria – Women's National Wheelchair Basketball League |publisher=Fox Sports Pulse |date=2 May 2014 |first=Joel |last=Mackenzie |access-date=30 April 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsportspulse.com/team_info.cgi?c=1-6734-84471-314242-21040134&a=PLAYERS |title=2014 WNWBL Team Rosters |publisher=Fox Sports Pulse |access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref> inda ta lashe kyautar Sabuwar Gwanar da ta Fi Yawa a ligar a shekara ta 2013.<ref name="Best New Talent">{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsportspulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?client=1-6734-0-0-0&sID=126313&&news_task=DETAIL&articleID=15953337 |publisher=Fox Sports Pulse |title=Best New Talent |access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref> "Na so yin aiki a matsayin kungiya saboda ba a daukar iyo a matsayin wasan kungiya ba," Cole ta shaida wa wani mai tambayoyi a shekarar 2013. "Tabbas ina son sabon kalubale, idan ka kasance kana yin gasa tsawon shekaru goma, karin cigaban da kake samu kan kasance kalilan ne. Sai dai kuma, a kwallon kwando na guragu na san cewa zan iya samun manyan cigaba. An zabe ni a kungiyar mata ta ligar kasa, wanda hakan yana da kyau, don haka a hakikance ina samun nasara, wanda hakan abin mamaki ne. Amma zuciyata tabbas tana harkar iyo kuma ina tsammanin za ta ci gaba da kasancewa a can."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/swimming/whole-new-ball-game-for-cole-20130430-2ir2h.html#ixzz47FuMkGOh |newspaper=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |title=Whole new ball game for Cole |date=1 May 2013 |first=Stathi |last=Paxinos |access-date=30 April 2016 }}</ref> ==Azo da ganowa== Yayin zamanta a [[Frankston High School|Makaranta Sakandare ta Frankston]], Cole ta karbi kyautar Debbie Flintoff-King saboda mafi sharaɗar nasarar wasanni daga cibiyar har sau uku a jere; an kuma zabe ta don kyautar Zakaran Paralympics na Matasa na Shekara.<ref name=APC /> Ta sami kyautar ne saboda lashe lambar azurfa guda xaya da lambobin tagulla guda biyu a Gasar Paralympics ta Beijing, azurfa a iyon malam buxaxe na mita 100 da tagulla a iyon baya na mita 100 da iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 400. A shekarar 2009, ta karbi Kyautar Mafi Sharaɗar Nasarar Wasanni daga [[Department of Education and Early Childhood Development|Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Cigaban Yarinta]].<ref name="edvic"/> A shekara ta 2011, an zabi Cole don kyautar Sport Performer Award ta jaridar ''[[The Age]]'' a rukunin Mai Gwarzon da ke da Bukata ta Musamman.<ref name="sport-performer2">{{cite web|access-date=15 November 2011 |url=http://www.performerawards.com.au/2011-performer-awards/2011-nominees#twoj_fragment1-5 |title=2011 Nominees |publisher=Sport Performer Awards |location=Melbourne, Victoria |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116190204/http://www.performerawards.com.au/2011-performer-awards/2011-nominees |archive-date=16 November 2011 }}</ref> A watan Agusta 2011, an zabe ta a matsayin Gwarzon Dan Wasa na Watan na [[International Paralympic Committee|Kwamitin Paralympics na Duniya]] bayan ta lashe lambobin zinare guda shida a Edmonton.<ref name="IPCMonth" /> An ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Medal of the Order of Australia]] a cikin [[Australia Day Honours|Jerin Girmamawa na Ranar Ostireliya na 2014]] "saboda hidima ga wasanni a matsayin mai lashe lambar zinare a Gasar Paralympics ta London ta 2012."<ref name="oam">{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|Daily Telegraph]] |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/australia-day-honours-list-2014-in-full/story-fni0cx12-1226808786064|title=Australia Day honours list 2014: in full |date=26 January 2014 |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2015, an ba ta kyautar Gwarzuwar Maza da Mata ta Shekara ta 2015 ta Mujallar [[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Meet Cosmo's 2015 Sportswoman of the year, Ellie Cole!|journal=Cosmopolitan|date=18 November 2015|url=http://www.cosmopolitan.com.au/celebrity/fun-fearless-female-2015/news/2015/11/cosmopolitans-sportswoman-of-the-year/|access-date=30 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208141737/http://www.cosmopolitan.com.au/celebrity/fun-fearless-female-2015/news/2015/11/cosmopolitans-sportswoman-of-the-year/|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cole ita ce mai xaukar tuta ga Ostireliya a Bikin Rufe [[2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games|Gasar Paralympics ta Tokyo ta 2020]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2021|title=Para-Swimming Great To Carry Australian Flag At Tokyo 2020 Farewell|url=https://www.paralympic.org.au/2021/09/para-swimming-great-to-carry-australian-flag-at-tokyo-2020-farewell/|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2021|website=Paralympics Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904073518/https://www.paralympic.org.au/2021/09/para-swimming-great-to-carry-australian-flag-at-tokyo-2020-farewell/ |archive-date=4 September 2021 }}</ref> A shekarar 2022, an ba ta kyautar Matar da ta Fi Fice a Harkar Wasanni a [[Australian Women's Health Sport Awards|Kyaututtukan Mata a Harkar Wasanni na Ostireliya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2022 |title=Madison de Rozario wins women in sport's top award, Lauren Jackson inducted into hall of fame |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-17/madison-de-rozario-wins-women-in-sport-award/101541566 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ABC Sport}}</ref> An kara daukaka matsayinta zuwa [[Order of Australia|Dan Majalisar Order of Australia]] a cikin [[2024 Australia Day Honours|Jerin Girmamawa na Ranar Ostireliya na 2024]] saboda "muhiyyar hidimarta ga wasanni a matsayin mai fafutukar daidaito da shigar da kowa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Ellie Victoria Cole OAM |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/3016955 |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=Australian Honours Search Facility}}</ref> An ba ta Kyautar Tauraruwa mai Tasowa a Kyaututtukan Kafofin Yada Labarai na [[Australian Sports Commission Media Awards|Hukumar Wasanni ta Ostireliya]] na shekarar 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commission |first=Australian Sports Commission; jurisdiction=Commonwealth of Australia; corporateName=Australian Sports |title=Margie McDonald honoured with Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://www.sportaus.gov.au/media-centre/news/margie-mcdonald-honoured-with-lifetime-achievement-award |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=Australian Sports Commission |language=English}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] 286aqju03bqk26xhwjw1yiy3h7nx9wl 0 177742 975320 961381 2026-11-02T19:35:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975320 wikitext text/x-wiki == ''Palaver'' (1926) == '''''Palaver: A Romance of Northern Nigeria''''' fim ne na Birtaniya da aka shirya a shekarar [[1926]], wanda [[Geoffrey Barkas]] ya jagoranta. An shirya fim ɗin ne a Arewacin Najeriya a lokacin [[Mulkin Mallakar Birtaniya|mulkin mallakar Birtaniya]]. Fim ɗin yana daga cikin fina-finan farko da aka ɗauka a Najeriya. An danganta wasu daga cikin wuraren ɗaukar fim ɗin da yankin Bauchi Plateau, inda ake zaune da al'ummomin da suka haɗa da [[Sura]] da [[Angas]]. Fim ɗin ya kuma yi amfani da wasu ƴan asalin yankin wajen taka rawa. == Muhimmancin fim ɗin == ''Palaver'' yana da muhimmanci wajen nazarin farkon tarihin shirya fina-finai a Najeriya da kuma tarihin yadda masu shirya fina-finan Birtaniya suka wakilci al'ummomin Afirka a farkon ƙarni na 20. Saboda an shirya labarin ne daga mahangar masu shirya fim na mulkin mallaka, ana iya nazarin fim ɗin a matsayin wani misali na yadda fina-finai suka kasance cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su wajen gabatar da Afirka ga masu kallo a Birtaniya da sauran ƙasashen Turai. == Manazarta == <references> <ref>{{cite web |title=Palaver: A Romance of Northern Nigeria |url=http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/1342 |website=Colonial Film: Moving Images of the British Empire |publisher=British Film Institute |access-date=2026-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301110143/http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/1342 |archive-date=2021-03-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Palaver: A Romance of Northern Nigeria (1926) |url=https://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/P/Palaver1926.html |website=Progressive Silent Film List |publisher=Silent Era }}</ref> <ref>{{cite book |last=Harrow |first=Kenneth W. |title=African Filmmaking: Five Formations |publisher=Michigan State University Press |year=2017 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite book |last=Aitken |first=Ian |title=Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title='Palaver: A Romance of Northern Nigeria' - Nigeria's first foray into cinema |url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/palaver-a-romance-of-northern-nigeria-nigerias-first-foray-into-cinema-2024081706184412925 |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=22 May 2020 }}</ref> </references> gqv39tr2jje0sfbjq03426jrg5cdep9 0 177871 975388 966036 2026-11-02T22:07:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gadam | settlement_type = District | official_name = Gadam | country = Nigeria | state = Gombe State | local_government_area = Kwami | postal_code = 760102 | coordinates = {{coord|10.47479|11.10164|type:city|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 513 | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Gadam''' wata al'umma ce da ke cikin [[Kwami Local Government Area]], a [[Jihar Gombe]], arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Gadam tana cikin yankin yammacin Kwami, kuma bayanan Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Najeriya (INEC) sun bayyana Gadam a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wuraren rajista na Kwami Local Government Area. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) |date=2015 |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=2026-08-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A bayanan taswirar GeoNames da OpenStreetMap, Gadam tana da kusan latitude 10.47479° arewa da longitude 11.10164° gabas, kuma tana da tsayin kusan mita 513 daga saman teku. Bayanai na taswira sun bayyana ta a matsayin ƙauye (village) a cikin Kwami, Jihar Gombe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gadam Map - Village - Kwami, Gombe State, Nigeria |publisher=Mapcarta |url=https://mapcarta.com/17030466 |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Gadam tana cikin Kwami Local Government Area, wadda hedikwatarta take a [[Malam Sidi]]. Kundin INEC na Gombe ya lissafa Gadam a matsayin Registration Area mai lamba 05 a cikin Kwami LGA, tare da sauran yankunan rajista kamar Bojude, Daban Fulani, Doho, Dukul, Jurara, Komfulata, Kwami, Malam Sidi da Malleri. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Polling Unit Directory |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=2026-08-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayanin Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya ya kuma tabbatar da kasancewar makarantar '''Government Secondary School Gadam''' a Kwami, Jihar Gombe. Makarantar tana cikin jerin makarantun sakandare da aka bayyana a shirin ilimi da fasahar sadarwa na yankin Arewa maso Gabas. <ref>{{cite web |title=North East Projects |publisher=Universal Service Provision Fund (USPF) |url=https://uspf.gov.ng/projects/north-east |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Haka kuma, takardar [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya ta Najeriya]] kan jerin makarantun gwamnati ta lissafa '''Government Day Secondary School, Gadam''' a ƙarƙashin Gombe/Kwami. Wannan ya nuna cewa Gadam na daga cikin al'ummomin Kwami da ke da makarantar sakandaren gwamnati. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of Public Secondary Schools in Nigeria |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education / National Senior Secondary Education Commission |url=https://nssec.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/List-of-Public-Secondary-Schools-in-Nigeria.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A bangaren ilimin ƙasa da albarkatun ruwa, an gudanar da wani bincike na kimiyya a Gadam wanda ya mai da hankali kan ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Binciken ya bayyana Gadam a matsayin gari/al'umma da ke cikin Kwami Local Government Area, a kan Upper Benue Trough, kuma ya yi nazari kan tsarin ruwa ƙarƙashin ƙasa da nau'o'in aquifer da ake samu a yankin. <ref>{{cite journal |title=Groundwater Investigation of Gadam Town, Gombe State, Northeastern Nigeria |journal=ResearchGate |year=2023 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367157425_Groundwater_Investigation_of_Gadam_town_Gombe_State_Northeastern_Nigeria |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Binciken ya kuma bayyana cewa mazauna Gadam suna gudanar da ayyukan noma da farauta a matsayin wasu daga cikin hanyoyin samun abin rayuwa. Wannan ya dace da yanayin karkarar yankin Kwami, inda noma yake daga cikin muhimman ayyukan tattalin arziki na al'ummomin yankin. <ref>{{cite journal |title=Groundwater Investigation of Gadam Town, Gombe State, Northeastern Nigeria |journal=ResearchGate |year=2023 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367157425_Groundwater_Investigation_of_Gadam_town_Gombe_State_Northeastern_Nigeria |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Gadam tana da wasu ƙananan ƙauyuka da wuraren zama da ke ƙarƙashin yankinta. Jerin ƙauyuka da matsugunan Gombe ya lissafa wurare kamar Kobozo, Bafuya, Gamadadi, Zangoma Gaji, Bamayi Birin, Bulama Dauda, Ganjuwa, Ngaji, Babadala, Yalwa Yame, Yelwa Tafida, Bomala da wasu wurare a ƙarƙashin yankin Gadam. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |publisher=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> A shekarar 2026, Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta bayyana aikin hanyar '''Gadam–Yame–Kyari zuwa Malam Sidi''', wadda aka bayyana a matsayin hanya mai tsawon kilomita 28 da ke haɗa yankin Kwami West da sauran sassan Kwami. Hanyar tana da muhimmanci wajen haɗa al'ummomin yankin da kuma sauƙaƙa zirga-zirga da harkokin tattalin arziki. <ref>{{cite news |title=Gombe Governor Boosts Rural Development in Kwami, Dukku |publisher=Voice of Nigeria |date=2026-02-27 |url=https://von.gov.ng/gombe-governor-boosts-rural-development-in-kwami-dukku/ |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Gadam kuma tana cikin yankin Kwami West. Wani rahoton binciken al'umma na UN Women ya bayyana cewa Kwami Local Government Area tana da sassa biyu, Kwami East da Kwami West, inda Gadam take cikin Kwami West tare da Kwami, Komfulata da Bojude. Rahoton ya kuma bayyana Kwami a matsayin yanki mai yawan kabilu daban-daban, ciki har da Bolawa, Tera, Kwami da Fulani. <ref>{{cite report |title=Report of Baseline Survey |publisher=UN Women |url=https://africa.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Field%20Office%20Africa/Attachments/Publications/2016/10/REPORT%20OF%20BASELINE%20SURVEY.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> A fannin gudanarwa, Gadam tana da matsayi na musamman a tsarin zaɓe na Kwami, domin INEC ta ware ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Registration Areas na ƙaramar hukumar. A cikin kundin INEC, Gadam tana da lambar Registration Area 05, kuma an ware mata cibiyoyin kada kuri'a a makarantu da sauran wuraren da hukumar ta ayyana. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Polling Unit Directory |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=2026-08-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Saboda matsayinta a Kwami West, makarantu da hanyoyin sufuri, Gadam na daga cikin muhimman ƙananan al'ummomin da ke haɗa yankunan karkarar Kwami da sauran sassan ƙaramar hukumar. Aikin hanyar Gadam–Yame–Kyari zuwa Malam Sidi da kuma kasancewar makarantar sakandaren gwamnati a Gadam na daga cikin abubuwan more rayuwa da ke da alaƙa da yankin. <ref>{{cite news |title=Gombe Governor Boosts Rural Development in Kwami, Dukku |publisher=Voice of Nigeria |date=2026-02-27 |url=https://von.gov.ng/gombe-governor-boosts-rural-development-in-kwami-dukku/ |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Kwami]] * [[Malam Sidi]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Kwami Local Government Area]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3kprknoljxj6a7r9y1d9erwy24w9lex 0 178067 975402 966041 2026-11-02T23:13:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wasan Fantasy Premier League''' ( '''FPL''' ) wasa ne na wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na fantasy kyauta na [[Premier League|gasar Premier]] ta Ingila. Tare da 'yan wasa sama da miliyan 13, shine mafi girman wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na fantasy a kowace gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta cikin gida. <ref name="players">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2026 |title=Fantasy Premier League |url=https://fantasy.premierleague.com/ |publisher=Premier league}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Fantasy Football League wadda aka gina a kan Premier League a Burtaniya a farkon shekarun 1990. A shekarar 1994, sigar Daily Telegraph ta kasance jagora a bayyane. Shahararsa ta karu cikin sauri sakamakon wasan barkwanci na talabijin mai suna Fantasy Football League wanda Frank Skinner da David Baddiel suka shirya, wanda shi ma ya fara a shekarar 1994. An ƙaddamar da gasar Fantasy Premier League ta ISM Fantasy Games - <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2023 |title=The Online Era: The History of Fantasy Football |url=https://fpltips.com/the-online-era-of-fantasy-football/ |website=fpltips.com}}</ref> kuma Premier League ce ta mallaka kuma ke tafiyar da ita, kafin kakar wasannin Premier ta 2002-03 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2023 |title=The FPL Era: The History of Fantasy Football |url=https://fpltips.com/the-fpl-era-the-history-of-fantasy-football/ |website=fpltips.com}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da shi tare da ƙirƙirar gidan yanar gizon Premier League. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fantasy Premier League (Info) |url=http://fantasy.premierleague.com/info.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021016202815/http://fantasy.premierleague.com/info.html |archive-date=2002-10-16 |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=fantasy.premierleague.com (Web Archive)}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta farko, tana da 'yan wasa 76,200, inda suka yi nasara a wasan VIP da suka yi a gasar Premier League da suka zaɓa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fantasy Premier League (Prizes) |url=http://fantasy.premierleague.com/info.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021016202815/http://fantasy.premierleague.com/info.html |archive-date=2002-10-16 |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=fantasy.premierleague.com (Web Archive)}}</ref> Tarin 'yan wasa yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara, ban da kakar wasa ta 2012–13 da 2023–24, inda ya zarce 'yan wasa miliyan ɗaya a karon farko a kakar wasa ta 2006–07 da kuma sama da masu shiga miliyan 10 a karon farko a lokacin kakar wasa ta 2022–23. == Wasan kwaikwayo == === Na Gargajiya === Wasan Fantasy Premier League na gargajiya a buɗe yake ga jama'a kuma miliyoyin mutane a duk duniya suna fafatawa kowace shekara. Dole ne mahalarta su zaɓi ƙungiya bisa ga ainihin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Premier League waɗanda ke cin maki na almara bisa ga ƙididdigar waɗannan 'yan wasan. Maki yana taruwa a duk tsawon kakar wasa domin a ayyana zakara. Baya ga jimillar jagororin duniya baki ɗaya, akwai ƙananan allunan jagoranci na jama'a masu atomatik waɗanda aka rarraba bisa ga ƙasarsu da kuma ƙungiyar Premier League da ake tallafawa. * '''Zaɓen ƙungiya:''' Mahalarta gasar za su zaɓi ƙungiyar 'yan wasa 15 daga gasar Premier a cikin kasafin kuɗi na fam miliyan 100. Ana iya zaɓar 'yan wasa uku a kowace ƙungiya. Dole ne 'yan wasa na farko su ƙunshi mai tsaron gida ɗaya da kuma aƙalla masu tsaron gida uku. * '''Gudanar da ƙungiya:''' An ba wa manajoji damar yin canja wuri ɗaya kyauta a kowane mako, tare da damar canza canja wurin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba (har zuwa biyar) a kowane mako har tsawon aƙalla biyar. Ana iya yin ƙarin canja wuri don cire maki -4 a kowane canja wuri. Masu amfani kuma suna zaɓar kyaftin, wanda aka ninka maki biyu a zagayen, da kuma mataimakin kyaftin, wanda zai zama kyaftin kai tsaye idan kyaftin ɗin da aka zaɓa bai buga wasa ba. Dole ne a yi canje-canje kafin ranar ƙarshe ta mako-mako na wasan. Ana kunna madadin 'yan wasa ta atomatik idan ɗan wasan farko bai buga wasa ba, bisa ga tsarin benci da kocin ya zaɓa da kuma cikin ƙa'idojin da suka dace na shirya wasa. * '''Maki da aka ci:''' Ana bayar da maki bisa ga aikin 'yan wasa na gaske, tare da ayyuka kamar kwallaye, taimakawa wajen taimakawa wajen samun maki, yayin da ake cire maki idan aka yi booking da kuma zura kwallaye a raga. ''Tsarin maki na kari'' kuma yana ba wa 'yan wasa lada idan aka yi la'akari da kididdigar da ke ƙasa, inda manyan 'yan wasa uku ke cin kwallaye a ma'auni kamar kammala wucewa da kuma takula wajen samun maki na kari. Tun daga shekarar 2012, Opta ita ce mai samar da bayanai ga FPL. <ref name="era3">{{Cite web |last=Reeves |first=Jamie |date=6 June 2023 |title=The FPL Era: The History of Fantasy Football (Part 3) |url=https://fpltips.com/the-fpl-era-the-history-of-fantasy-football/ |website=FPL Tips}}</ref> Wasan zai gudana tsawon kakar wasannin Premier gaba daya, kuma wanda ya lashe gasar gaba daya shine kocin da ya tara maki mafi yawa a karshen kakar wasa. * '''Kwakwalwa:''' Tun daga shekarar 2015, manajoji sun samar da kwakwalwa da dama da za a yi amfani da su a duk tsawon kakar wasa. Dole ne a kunna su kafin wa'adin makon wasa. Ana iya amfani da guntun wake sau ɗaya a rabin farko na kakar wasa, sannan kuma a rabin na biyu na kakar wasa. Ba sa ɗaukar kaya. Kwakwalwa sun haɗa da: ** Wildcard - canja wurin dindindin mara iyaka ba tare da tsada ba. ** Kyaftin sau uku – maki da aka zaɓa daga kyaftin an ninka shi sau uku maimakon ninka shi sau biyu. ** Ƙara yawan maki daga madadin manaja - ana ƙara maki daga waɗanda suka maye gurbinsa zuwa jimillar. ** Kyauta - canja wurin da ba a iyakance ba tare da tsada ba ga mako guda na wasa. Za a dawo da ƙungiyar da ta buga wasan makon da ya gabata a ƙarshen zagayen. ** Mataimakin Manaja (an dakatar da shi a kakar wasa ta 2025–26) – kafin kakar wasa ta 2024–25, FPL ta sanar da wani sabon "abin mamaki" da za a iya bugawa a watan Janairun 2025. An bayyana cewa wannan shine Mataimakin Manaja. Idan aka zaɓe shi, zai fara aiki na tsawon makonni uku, kuma manajan FPL zai zaɓi manajan Premier League don ya ba da maki ga ƙungiyarsa dangane da aikin kocin Premier League. ** Duk wani hari da aka kai (an dakatar da shi a shekarar 2017) – ya bai wa manajoji damar buga wasa 2-5-3, wato, fara wani ƙarin mai kai hari a kan wanda ke tsaron baya. * '''Sabunta iyakokin canja wuri (2024–25):''' Kafin kakar wasa ta 2024–25, FPL ta ƙara yawan canja wurin kyauta da koci zai iya ɗauka daga ɗaya zuwa huɗu, wanda hakan ya ba da damar aƙalla biyar a cikin mako guda na wasa. * '''Gudummawar Tsaro:''' FPL ta gabatar da maki na Defensive Contribution (DEFCON) kafin kakar wasa ta 2025-26, inda manajojin FPL za su sami ƙarin maki 2 idan 'yan wasan da suka zaɓa suka kai matakin DEFCON (Masu tsaron baya: 10, 'Yan wasan tsakiya & Masu gaba: 12) * '''Ƙananan gasa:''' Masu amfani za su iya ƙirƙirar ƙananan gasa na sirri da kuma gayyatar abokai ko wasu 'yan wasa su shiga. Ana samun maki a tsari biyu: tsarin jimillar maki na yau da kullun ko kuma gasar kai-da-kai, inda ƙungiyoyi ke fafatawa da juna a kowane mako, suna samun maki uku idan aka yi nasara ko kuma aka yi kunnen doki. * '''Kofin FPL:''' Gasar cin kofin knockout tana gudana a lokaci guda a lokacin kakar wasa. Ana zana kocina bazuwar wasa da abokin hamayya kuma a fafata a wasan kai da kai ta amfani da ƙungiyar FPL ta yau da kullun, inda wanda ya yi nasara kawai zai shiga zagaye na gaba. * '''Tsarin mallaka:''' Bayanai na ainihin lokaci akan mafi yawan 'yan wasa da manajojin FPL ke mallaka ana samun su ta hanyar kayan aikin waje. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Update: Most Owned Players in Fantasy Premier League |url=https://eplfixtures.com/fpl-most-owned-players-live-update/ |access-date=5 August 2025 |website=EPL Fixtures}}</ref> === Daftarin daftarin === Baya ga tsarin da aka saba amfani da shi, FPL ta gabatar da yanayin daftarin aiki a karon farko a shekarar 2017. A wannan yanayin, manajoji suna shiga ƙananan ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na manajoji 2-16. Babu kasafin kuɗi, kuma a maimakon haka, manajoji suna zaɓar 'yan wasa daban-daban don ƙungiyar 'yan wasa 15. Duk da haka, da zarar an zaɓi ɗan wasa, ba za a iya zaɓar wasu manajoji a cikin wannan takamaiman ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu ba. === Kalubale === A watan Maris na 2024, FPL ta ƙaddamar da [[Tsarin rayuwar sakin software|sigar beta]] ta sabon wasan DFS mai suna FPL Challenge. Yanayin ya bambanta da babban wasan kuma yana buƙatar 'yan wasa su gina ƙungiya don mako guda na wasa tare da takamaiman ƙalubale na musamman ga makon wasan kuma yana aiki (misali, kasafin kuɗi mara iyaka, 'yan wasa a wasu matsayi ko ga wasu ƙungiyoyi suna cin maki biyu). Ba kamar yanayin gargajiya da na daftari ba, wasan wasa ne na "kullum" na gajere wanda maki ke sake dawowa zuwa sifili bayan kowane zagaye. Wannan yana nufin babu jimillar allunan jagoranci na kakar wasa kuma ana ba da kyaututtuka ga manyan manajoji uku masu cin kwallaye a kowane zagaye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shand |first=Holly |date=25 March 2024 |title=What is the new FPL Challenge game? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5366532/2024/03/25/fantasy-premier-league-challenge-game/ |website=The Athletic}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin farkon kakar wasa ta 2024-25, FPL ta ƙara jadawalin jagoranci na tsawon kakar wasa da kuma ikon ƙirƙirar ƙananan lig-lig. An kuma gabatar da abubuwan da suka faru. Taron wani ɗan gajeren tari ne na makonni huɗu ko biyar na wasanni tare da jigo mai faɗi (misali, ƙungiyoyi biyar masu gefe ɗaya maimakon na gargajiya na XI). Manajoji suna iya bin diddigin matsayinsu na ƙananan lig a lokacin wasanni da kuma makonnin wasanni ɗaya da maki na tsawon kakar wasa. == Masu nasara == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" |+List of Fantasy Premier League champions ! scope="col" |Season ! scope="col" |{{Tooltip|Players|Number of teams in gameweek 38}}<ref name="growth">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2022 |title=Season by Season FPL Managers Growth |url=https://allaboutfpl.com/2022/06/number-of-people-who-played-fpl-each-season-how-many-play-fpl/ |website=ALLABOUTFPL}}</ref> ! scope="col" |Winner ! scope="col" |Nationality ! scope="col" |Team name ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Ref. |- ! scope="row" |2002–03 |76k |Graeme Haddow | South Africa |Wee Wullie Winkie FC |1,940{{Refn|Points did not start accumulating in the first FPL season until gameweek 7 with the first six weeks considered preseason, allowing players to familiarise themselves with the game.<ref name ="era3"/>}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Genesis of Fantasy Premier League |url=https://fpldiscovery.wordpress.com/2014/05/12/genesis-of-fantasy-premier-league/ |website=FPL Discovery}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2003–04 |312k |Muir O'Connor | Ireland |The Lonely 11 |2,151 |<ref name="list">{{Cite web |date=6 June 2022 |title=List of FPL Winners Since The First FPL Season in 2002/03 |url=https://allaboutfpl.com/2022/06/list-of-fpl-winners-since-the-first-fpl-season-in-2002-03/ |website=ALLABOUTFPL}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2004–05 |472k |Andy Tomlins | England |Palace Excile |2,253 | |- ! scope="row" |2005–06 |810k |Tommy Wilson | |Blue Bridge Brigade |2,326 |<ref name="list" /> |- ! scope="row" |2006–07 |1.27m |Mike Dolan | |Divers & Cheats XI |2,268 |<ref name="list" /> |- ! scope="row" |2007–08 |1.70m |John Frisina | Australia |FRISK UTD |2,466 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fantasy football winner reveals secrets of success |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/football/03/20/win.fantasy.football/index.html |website=CNN}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2008–09 |1.95m |Sir Moult | Australia |MOULTANIC |2,264 |<ref name="list" /> |- ! scope="row" |2009–10 |2.10m |Jon Reeson | England |Westfield Irons |2,668 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2010 |title=An Interview with Jon Reeson |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2010/05/30/an-interview-with-jon-reeson/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2010–11 |2.35m |Chris McGurn | England |Morons FC |2,372 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2011 |title=View From The Top - An Interview with Chris McGurn |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2011/05/21/view-from-the-top-an-interview-with-chris-mcgurn/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2011–12 |2.78m |Sam Pater | England |SamCity |2,414 | |- ! scope="row" |2012–13 |2.61m |Matt Martyniak | England |Divine Mercy |2,472 | |- ! scope="row" |2013–14 |3.22m |Tom Fenley | England |Captain Suarez! |2,634 | |- ! scope="row" |2014–15 |3.5m |Simon March | England |Atletico Marchid** |2,470 | |- ! scope="row" |2015–16 |3.73m |Dimitri Nicolaou | England |Dimitris gavles |2,458 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2016 |title=Premier Leagu's Interview with FPL 2015/16 Winner Dimitri Nicolaou |url=https://fantasypremierleaguehappyhour.wordpress.com/2016/05/25/premier-leagues-interview-with-fpl-201516-winner-dimitri-nicolaou/ |website=Fantasy Premier League Happy Hour}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2016–17 |4.50m |Ben Crabtree | England |FC Crab Dogg |2,564 | |- ! scope="row" |2017–18 |5.19m |Yusuf Sheikh | Tanzania |Yusuf's Team |2,512 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2018 |title=Yusuf Sheikh wins FPL Crown |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2018/05/13/yusuf-sheikh-wins-fpl-crown/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2018–19 |6.32m |Adam Levy |{{NZL}} |#TheyAreUs |2,659 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2019 |title=Fantasy Premier League: The Kiwi who defied the odds |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/sport/389258/fantasy-premier-league-the-kiwi-who-defied-the-odds |website=RNZ}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2019–20 |7.63m |Joshua Bull{{Refn|Aleksander Antonov finished on 2,575 points but was disqualified two weeks later by FPL "due to a breach of our terms."<ref>{{cite web |title=Fantasy Premier League champion disqualified and stripped of title |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/fantasy-premier-league-champion-disqualified-aleksandar-antonov-fpl-a9665506.html |website=The Independent |date=11 August 2020}}</ref>}} | England |The Bulldozers |2,557 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2020 |title=Fantasy Premier League new winner after disqualification |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-53740931 |website=BBC News}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2020–21 |8.15m |Michael Coone | Ireland |Teddy Bears Utd |2,680 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2021 |title="It went to the bitter end" – Meet the Irish man who toppled 8.3m players to win Fantasy Premier League |url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/it-went-to-the-bitter-end-meet-the-irish-man-who-toppled-83m-players-to-win-fantasy-premier-league/40462310.html |website=Irish Independent}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2021–22 |9.17m |Jamie Pigott | United States |Futbol Is Life |2,844 | |- ! scope="row" |2022–23 |11.45m |Ali Jahangirov |{{AZE}} |FPL Gunz |2,776 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Azerbaijan's Ali Jahangirov crowned winner of 2022-23 Fantasy Premier League |url=https://www.t-vine.com/azerbaijans-ali-jahangirov-crowned-winner-of-2022-23-fantasy-premier-league/ |website=T-Vine}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2023–24 |10.91m |Jonas Sand Låbakk |{{NOR}} |Onkel Blaa |2,799 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2024 |title=An interview with FPL 2023/24 champion Jonas Sand Låbakk |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2024/05/27/an-interview-with-fpl-2023-24-champion-jonas-sand-labakk/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2024–25 |11.50m |Lovro Budišin |{{HRV}} |Aina Krafth Bree* |2,810 | |- ! scope="row" |2025–26 |13.10m |Erik Ibsen |{{DNK}} |Ibsen |2,582 | |} <references group="nb" /> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" |+Jerin zakarun gasar Fantasy Premier League ! scope="col" | Kakar wasa ! scope="col" | <ref name="growth" /> ! scope="col" | Mai nasara ! scope="col" | Ƙasa ! scope="col" | Sunan ƙungiya ! scope="col" | Maki ! scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2024–25 | 2.20m | Md Zawad Amin As-Salek |{{BGD}} | FPLlenge Zawad | 2,377 | |- ! scope="row" | 2025–26 | 4.78m | Elias Enback |{{Flag|Sweden}} | FC Bussen | 2,420 | |} == 'Yan wasa mafi yawan maki == Ga jerin 'yan wasan da suka kammala kakar wasa a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Fantasy Premier League. : ''Adadin nasarori da yawa da aka nuna a cikin maƙallan.'' {| class="wikitable" |+Highest scoring players per season !Season !Player !Position !Starting price !Club !Points !Ref. |- |2002–03 |[[Thierry Henry]] |Forward |£11.0m |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |271 |{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} |- |2003–04 |Thierry Henry (2) |Forward | |Arsenal |242 |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Marco |first=Raphael |date=4 July 2023 |title=The Highest FPL Points Scorers In Each Season So Far |url=https://www.givemesport.com/the-highest-fpl-points-scorers-in-each-season-so-far/ |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=GiveMeSport}}</ref> |- |2004–05 |[[Frank Lampard]] |Midfielder |£10.0m |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |269 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2004 |title=2004–05 Fantasy Premier League player list |url=http://fantasy.premierleague.com/playerlist.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040809191609/http://fantasy.premierleague.com/playerlist.html |archive-date=9 August 2004 |access-date=17 March 2024}}</ref> |- |2005–06 |Thierry Henry (3) |Forward |£14.0m |Arsenal |239 |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=S |first=Srinivasan |date=4 June 2023 |title=Most Expensive FPL Players Ever Since the 2002/03 Season |url=https://allaboutfpl.com/2023/06/most-expensive-fpl-players-ever-since-the-2002-03-season/ |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=ALLABOUTFPL}}</ref> |- |2006–07 |[[Cristiano Ronaldo]] |Midfielder |£10.0m |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |244 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2006 |title=2006–07 Fantasy Premier League player list |url=http://fantasy.premierleague.com/playerlist.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719200522/http://fantasy.premierleague.com/playerlist.html |archive-date=19 July 2006 |access-date=17 March 2024}}</ref> |- |2007–08 |Cristiano Ronaldo (2) |Midfielder |£12.0m |Manchester United |283 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2007 |title=2007–08 Fantasy Premier League player list |url=http://fantasy.premierleague.com/playerlist.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810212948/http://fantasy.premierleague.com/playerlist.html |archive-date=10 August 2007 |access-date=17 March 2024}}</ref> |- |2008–09 |Frank Lampard (2) |Midfielder |£11.0m |Chelsea |226 |<ref name=":0" /> |- |2009–10 |Frank Lampard (3) |Midfielder | |Chelsea |284 |<ref name=":0" /> |- |2010–11 |[[Nani|Luis Nani]] |Midfielder |£8.0m |Manchester United |198 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2011 |title=Team of the Season - Nani |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2011/05/31/season-review-team-of-the-season-nani/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- |2011–12 |[[Robin van Persie]] |Forward |£12.0m |Arsenal |269 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2011 |title=First Impressions - FPL 2011/12 Price Guide |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2011/07/21/first-impressions/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- |2012–13 |Robin van Persie (2) |Forward |£13.0m |Manchester United |262 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2013 |title=Team of the Season - Robin Van Persie |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2013/06/03/team-of-the-season-robin-van-persie-2/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- |2013–14 |[[Luis Suárez]] |Forward |£11.0m |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |295 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2014 |title=Team of the Season - Luis Suarez |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2014/05/23/team-of-the-season-luis-suarez-2/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- |2014–15 |Eden Hazard |Midfielder |£10.0m |Chelsea |233 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2015 |title=Team of the Season - Eden Hazard |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2015/05/31/team-of-the-season-eden-hazard-2/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- |2015–16 |[[Riyad Mahrez]] |Midfielder |£5.5m |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |240 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2023 |title=Best Bargain FPL Assets of All Time |url=https://allaboutfpl.com/2023/06/best-bargain-fpl-assets-of-all-time-under-priced-budget-players/ |website=ALLABOUTFPL}}</ref> |- |2016–17 |Alexis Sánchez |Midfielder |£11.0m |Arsenal |264 | |- |2017–18 |[[Muhammad Salah|Mohamed Salah]] |Midfielder |£9.0m |Liverpool |303 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2018 |title=Team of the Season - Mohamed Salah |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2018/05/27/team-of-the-season-mohamed-salah/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- |2018–19 |Mohamed Salah (2) |Midfielder |£13.0m |Liverpool |259 | |- |2019–20 |[[Kelvin De Bruyne|Kevin De Bruyne]] |Midfielder |£9.5m |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |251 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2020 |title=2019/20 Season Review |url=https://www.fantasyfootballfix.com/blog-index/201920-season-review-202021-preview/ |website=Fantasy Football Fix}}</ref> |- |2020–21 |[[Bruno Fernandes]] |Midfielder |£10.5m |Manchester United |244 | |- |2021–22 |Mohamed Salah (3) |Midfielder |£12.5m |Liverpool |265 |<ref name=":1" /> |- |2022–23 |[[Erling Haaland]] |Forward |£11.5m |Manchester City |272 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2023 |title=How much should Haaland cost in FPL next season? |url=https://fantasyfootballcommunity.com/how-much-should-haaland-cost-in-fpl-next-season/ |website=Fantasy Football Community}}</ref> |- |2023–24 |[[Cole Palmer]] |Midfielder |£5.0m |Chelsea |244 | |- |2024–25 |Mohamed Salah (4) |Midfielder |£12.5m |Liverpool |344 | |- |2025–26 |Erling Haaland (2) |Forward |£14.0m |Manchester City |239 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fantasy Premier League, Official Fantasy Football Game of the Premier League |url=https://fantasy.premierleague.com/ |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=fantasy.premierleague.com |language=en}}</ref> |} == Sauran wasanni == <references /> Baya ga wasan da aka buga a gasar Premier, akwai wasu wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa da dama da suka dogara da wasannin Premier League, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu suka riga FPL. Kafafen watsa labarai kamar ''Daily Telegraph'' da Sky Sports suna bayar da kyaututtukan kuɗi don cin nasarar nau'ikan nau'ikan tsarin gargajiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Telegraph Fantasy Football help |url=https://fantasyfootball.telegraph.co.uk/help |website=Telegraph |access-date=2026-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251114134833/https://fantasyfootball.telegraph.co.uk/help |archive-date=2025-11-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sky FantasyFootball |url=https://fantasyfootball.skysports.com/ |website=www.skysports.com}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wasan Kwaikwayo na Fantasy wani dandali ne mai zaman kansa wanda ke bayar da wasannin zana maciji da gwanjo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Getting Started - Draft Fantasy Football |url=https://draftfantasyfootball.co.uk/content/getting-started-df/ |website=Draft Fantasy Blog}}</ref> FanTeam wani shafin caca ne wanda ke ba da wasannin yau da kullun da kuma wasan kakar wasa mai biyan kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FanTeam - Daily Fantasy & Betting |url=https://www.fanteam.com/support-questions/faq |website=www.fanteam.com}}</ref> Sorare wasa ne da aka yi bisa tsarin cryptocurrency inda masu amfani ke ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi ta hanyar tattarawa da kuma cinikin katunan 'yan wasa da NFTs . Kamfanin ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar lasisin shekaru huɗu a hukumance da Premier League a watan Janairun 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League backs Sorare's NFT fantasy football game despite crypto crash |url=https://www.ft.com/content/98229ed8-2867-40a5-a22d-b079fb563479 |website=www.ft.com}}</ref> == Nassoshi == 195eofa8rd7slhgy64smighf3osh60u 0 178364 975399 963898 2026-11-02T22:34:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ganiyu O. Galadima''' ɗan siyasa ne, ɗan kasuwa kuma jagoran al'umma ɗan Najeriya. Ya kasance shugaban ƙasa na [[Allied Congress Party of Nigeria]] (ACPN), kuma ɗan takarar jam'iyyar na [[Zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Najeriya na 2015|zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2015]]. A [[Zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Najeriya na 2019|zaɓen 2019]], ya kasance ɗan takarar mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na ACPN tare da [[Oby Ezekwesili]], wadda ta kasance 'yar takarar shugaban ƙasa ta jam'iyyar.<ref name="Guardian2015">{{cite news |title=12 candidates, one nation, one President |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2015 |url=https://guardian.ng/features/12-candidates-one-nation-one-president/ |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref><ref name="Punch2018">{{cite news |title=2019: Oby Ezekwesili joins presidential race, picks ACPN ticket |work=Punch |date=8 October 2018 |url=https://punchng.com/2019-oby-ezekwesili-joins-presidential-race-picks-acpn-ticket/ |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwa da ilimi == An haifi Ganiyu Galadima a ranar 11 ga Yunin 1964. Wata majiyar da ta wallafa tarihin ɗan takarar ta bayyana cewa an haife shi a wannan rana, yayin da gwamnatin Jihar Kwara ta tabbatar da cewa ya cika shekaru 58 a ranar 11 ga Yunin 2022.<ref name="Bio2018">{{cite web |title=Alhaji Ganiyu Galadima, Dr. Oby Ezekwesili's Running Mate |work=Teo-Inspiro |date=2018 |url=https://www.teoinspiro.com/alhaji-ganiyu-galadima-dr-oby-ezekwesilis-running-mate/ |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref><ref name="Kwara2022">{{cite web |title=Kwara Gov celebrates APC chieftain Galadima at 58 |work=Kwara State Government |date=11 June 2022 |url=https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/kwara-gov-celebrates-apc-chieftain-galadima-at-58/ |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> Galadima ya samu ilimi a makarantu da dama. A shekarar 2015, bayanan [[Independent National Electoral Commission]] (INEC) sun nuna cewa ya kasance mai takarar shugaban ƙasa na ACPN tare da cancantar [[Higher National Diploma|HND]].<ref name="INEC2015">{{cite web |title=Candidates for 2015 Presidential Election |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |date=2015 |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2015-Presidential-List-Final-13-05-151.pdf |access-date=6 October 2026}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rahoton ''The Guardian'' ya ce ya halarci Muslim Primary School da ke Imepe, [[Ijebu Ode]], Jihar [[Ogun]], daga 1973 zuwa 1978, sannan ya yi karatu a United Primary School da ke [[Ilorin]]. Daga baya ya halarci Cherubim and Seraphim College, Ilorin, College of Technology, Ilorin, da [[Kwara State Polytechnic]].<ref name="Guardian2015"/> == Sana'a == Kafin ya shiga siyasa sosai, Galadima ya kasance ɗan kasuwa. A wata hira da ''Blueprint'' a shekarar 2015, ya bayyana cewa ya fara harkar siyasa a matsayin sakataren gudanarwa na wata jam'iyya a matakin ward, sannan ya zama kansila da mataimakin shugaban majalisar ƙaramar hukuma. Daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin zartarwa a matakin ward da kuma State Legal Adviser na [[All Nigeria Peoples Party]] (ANPP).<ref name="Blueprint2015">{{cite news |title=Why I won’t step down for Jonathan or Buhari – Galadima |work=Blueprint |date=28 January 2015 |url=https://blueprint.ng/why-i-wont-step-down-for-jonathan-or-buhari-galadima/ |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2006, ya zama memba na National Executive Committee (NEC) na ANPP. Ya kuma riƙe wasu mukamai a harkokin kasuwanci da shugabancin ƙungiyoyi.<ref name="Blueprint2015"/><ref name="Proshare2018">{{cite web |title=2019 Elections: Osinbajo, Obi and 3 Others to Debate Economy, Policies |work=Proshare |date=2018 |url=https://proshare.co/articles/2019-elections-osinbajo-obi-and-3-others-to-debate-economy-policies |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> == Shugaban Allied Congress Party of Nigeria == Galadima ya zama shugaban ƙasa na [[Allied Congress Party of Nigeria]] (ACPN). Jerin shugabannin jam'iyyun siyasa da aka wallafa bisa bayanan INEC ya nuna shi a matsayin National Chairman na ACPN.<ref name="NewsGuru">{{cite news |title=INEC releases names of registered parties, addresses, principal officers |work=TheNewsGuru |date=2018 |url=https://thenewsguru.com/news/inec-releases-names-registered-parties-addresses-principal-officers/ |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> A lokacin shugabancinsa, ACPN ta mayar da hankali kan batutuwan samar da ayyukan yi, farfado da noma, bunkasa masana'antu da gyaran tattalin arzikin Najeriya. Galadima ya bayyana waɗannan manufofi a yayin yakin neman zaɓen 2015.<ref name="Blueprint2015"/> == Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2015 == A [[Zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Najeriya na 2015|zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2015]], Galadima ya kasance ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na ACPN, tare da Farida Ojengbede a matsayin abokiyar takara.<ref name="INEC2015"/> Sakamakon zaɓen da aka wallafa bisa bayanan INEC ya nuna cewa Galadima ya samu kuri'u 40,311, wanda ya kasance kusan kashi 0.14 cikin ɗari na kuri'un da aka kada. Ya zo na huɗu a cikin 'yan takarar da ba na manyan jam'iyyu ba.<ref name="Election2015">{{cite journal |title=Journal of African Elections, Volume 14, Number 2 |journal=Journal of African Elections |year=2015 |url=https://www.eisa.org/storage/2023/05/2015-journal-of-african-elections-v14n2-eisa.pdf |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> A lokacin kamfen ɗin, Galadima ya yi kira da a samar da ayyukan yi, a farfado da harkar noma, sannan a ƙara yawan matatun mai a Najeriya.<ref name="Blueprint2015"/> == Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2019 == Bayan ya sake zama shugaban ACPN, Galadima ya kasance ɗan takarar mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar a [[Zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Najeriya na 2019|zaɓen 2019]]. An zaɓi [[Oby Ezekwesili]] a matsayin 'yar takarar shugaban ƙasa ta ACPN, yayin da Galadima ya zama abokiyar/abokin takararta.<ref name="Punch2018"/> A watan Disamban 2018, Galadima ya halarci muhawarar 'yan takarar mataimakan shugaban ƙasa a Abuja. A wajen muhawarar, ya yi magana kan tattalin arziki, rashin aikin yi da manufofin gwamnati.<ref name="Channels2018">{{cite news |title=Osinbajo, Obi, Three Others Slug It Out At NEDG, BON Debate |work=Channels Television |date=14 December 2018 |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2018/12/14/2019-elections-live-updates-from-nedg-bon-vice-presidential-debate/ |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> A wata hira da ''Vanguard'', ya bayyana cewa ya kamata jam'iyyun siyasa su ba da haɗin kai ga [[Independent National Electoral Commission]] domin gudanar da zaɓe cikin 'yanci, adalci da sahihanci.<ref name="Vanguard2018">{{cite news |title=2019: Call for INEC chairman's resignation, misplaced – Galadima, Ezekwesili's running mate |work=Vanguard |date=5 December 2018 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/2019-call-for-inec-chairmans-resignation-misplaced-galadima-ezekwesilis-running-mate/amp/ |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> Ezekwesili da Galadima daga baya ba su ci gaba da takarar shugaban ƙasa da mataimakinsa a ƙarƙashin ACPN ba, bayan Ezekwesili ta janye daga takarar shugaban ƙasa a watan Oktoban 2018? A watan Fabrairun 2019, Ezekwesili ta janye daga takarar shugaban ƙasa, kuma ACPN ta sanar da cewa za ta ci gaba da shiga zaɓen.<ref name="PunchWithdraw">{{cite news |title=ACPN accepts Ezekwesili’s withdrawal, says it will participate in election |work=Punch |date=27 January 2019 |url=https://punchng.com/acpn-accepts-ezekwesilis-withdrawal-says-it-will-participate-in-election/ |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> == Ra'ayoyin siyasa == Galadima ya bayyana kansa a matsayin ɗan siyasar matakin ƙasa wanda ya fi mayar da hankali kan al'amuran tattalin arziki da ci gaban al'umma. A shekarar 2015, ya ce manufofinsa sun haɗa da samar da ayyukan yi, farfado da noma da kuma ƙara ƙarfin samar da man fetur a cikin gida.<ref name="Blueprint2015"/> A shekarar 2018, yayin muhawarar mataimakan shugaban ƙasa, ya yi suka kan matsalar rashin aikin yi da abin da ya kira manufofin tattalin arziki marasa inganci.<ref name="Channels2018"/> == Bayan siyasar ACPN == Gwamnatin Jihar Kwara ta bayyana Galadima a shekarar 2022 a matsayin tsohon ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa kuma jigo a [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC). Gwamnatin ta kuma yaba da ayyukansa na hidimar al'umma da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na tallafa wa gwamnatin APC a jihar.<ref name="Kwara2022"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Allied Congress Party of Nigeria]] * [[Oby Ezekwesili]] * [[Zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Najeriya na 2015]] * [[Zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Najeriya na 2019]] * [[Independent National Electoral Commission]] * [[Siyasar Najeriya]] * [[Jihar Kwara]] * [[Ilorin]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Ƴan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Ƴan siyasar Jihar Kwara]] [[Category:Ƴan siyasar All Nigeria Peoples Party]] [[Category:Ƴan siyasar Allied Congress Party of Nigeria]] [[Category:Ƴan takarar shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Ƴan takarar mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Ilorin]] [[Category:Ƴan kasuwar Najeriya]] 3vagze1kwui0rmerlbktbpwxyazpzna 0 178376 975168 963934 2026-11-02T13:28:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Elias Ikoyi Obekpa | title = Och'Idoma IV | birth_date = 31 Disamba 1944 | birth_place = Ipole-Otukpa, Jihar Benue, Najeriya | death_date = 9 Oktoba 2021 | nationality = Najeriya | occupation = Basarake, ma'aikacin gwamnati | reign = 7 Disamba 1996 – 9 Oktoba 2021 | predecessor = [[Edwin Ogbu]] | successor = [[John Elaigwu Odogbo]] | known_for = Och'Idoma IV | honours = [[Commander of the Order of the Niger]] (CON) }} '''Elias Ikoyi Obekpa''' (31 Disamba 1944 – 9 Oktoba 2021), wanda aka fi sani da '''Agabaidu Elias Ikoyi Obekpa''', shi ne '''Och'Idoma IV''', babban basaraken gargajiyar mutanen [[Idoma]] na [[Jihar Benue]], Najeriya. Ya zama Och'Idoma IV a ranar 7 Disamba 1996, kuma ya riƙe sarautar har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=HRH Agabaidu Elias Obekpa, Och'Idoma IV |url=https://www.idomaland.org/hrh-agabaidu-elias-obekpa-ochidoma-iv |website=IdomaLand |access-date=6 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222030616/https://www.idomaland.org/hrh-agabaidu-elias-obekpa-ochidoma-iv |archive-date=22 February 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kafin ya zama Och'Idoma, Obekpa ya yi aiki a gwamnatin Jihar Benue a fannin tattara haraji, inda daga baya ya zama shugaban Benue State Board of Internal Revenue.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwa da ilimi == An haifi Elias Ikoyi Obekpa a ranar 31 Disamba 1944 a Ipole-Otukpa, Jihar Benue, Najeriya. Ya fito ne daga iyalan Obekpa na yankin Otukpa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> Ya yi karatunsa na farko a St. Mary's Primary School da ke Otukpo, sannan ya halarci St. Enda's Teachers College da ke Zaria, inda ya samu Grade II Teacher Certificate a shekarar 1966.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> Daga baya ya shiga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] da ke Zaria, inda ya karanci Business Administration. Ya kammala digirinsa na B.Sc. (Hons) a shekarar 1974. Bayan haka ya yi aikin [[NYSC]] a tsohuwar Jihar Cross River.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 1982 ya kuma halarci wani shirin gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci a Arthur D. Little School of Management da ke Cambridge, Massachusetts, Amurka. Daga baya ya kasance Fellow na Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> == Aikin gwamnati == Obekpa ya fara aikinsa a matsayin malami kafin ya shiga aikin gwamnati. Daga baya ya shiga fannin kula da haraji na gwamnatin Benue-Plateau State.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihar Benue a shekarar 1976, ya ci gaba da aiki a fannin haraji ƙarƙashin sabuwar gwamnatin jihar. Ya riƙe mukamai daban-daban, ciki har da Inspector of Taxes, Senior Inspector of Taxes, Chief Inspector of Taxes da Director of Tax Administration.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 1994 aka naɗa shi Chairman and Chief Executive na Benue State Board of Internal Revenue.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> == Och'Idoma IV == Bayan rasuwar Och'Idoma III, [[Edwin Ogbu]], an zaɓi Elias Ikoyi Obekpa a matsayin wanda zai gaje shi. An naɗa shi '''Och'Idoma IV''' a ranar 7 Disamba 1996.<ref>{{cite web |title=HRH Agabaidu Elias Obekpa, Och'Idoma IV |url=https://www.idomaland.org/hrh-agabaidu-elias-obekpa-ochidoma-iv |website=IdomaLand |access-date=6 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222030616/https://www.idomaland.org/hrh-agabaidu-elias-obekpa-ochidoma-iv |archive-date=22 February 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Traditional Polities |url=https://www.rulers.org/nigatrad.html |website=Rulers.org |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> A matsayinsa na Och'Idoma, ya kasance shugaban [[Idoma Area Traditional Council]] kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan sarakunan gargajiya na Jihar Benue.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> A lokacin da yake kan sarauta, ya shiga harkokin da suka shafi zaman lafiya, haɗin kan al'ummar Idoma da dangantaka tsakanin shugabannin gargajiya da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki.<ref>{{cite web |title=Och'Idoma Elias Ikoyi Obekpa pays royal visit to Ugboju |url=https://idomavoice.com/ochidoma-elias-ikoyi-obekpa-pays-royal-visit-to-ugboju-affirms-chief-solomon-apochi-as-only-oche-kugboju-known-to-idoma-area-traditional-council/ |website=Idoma Voice |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> == Lambar girmamawa == A shekarar 2006, gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta ba Obekpa lambar girmamawa ta ƙasa ta '''Commander of the Order of the Niger (CON)'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> Ya kuma riƙe wasu mukamai na shugabanci a harkokin sarakunan gargajiya, ciki har da shugabancin Idoma Area Traditional Council.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> == Iyali == Obekpa ya auri Chief (Mrs.) Florence Alametu Obekpa. Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya tara, maza uku da mata shida.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Elias Ikoyi Obekpa ya rasu a ranar 9 Oktoba 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elias Ikoyi Obekpa |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/obekpa-hrh-elias-ikoyi/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> Bayan rasuwarsa, daga baya [[John Elaigwu Odogbo]] ya zama Och'Idoma V.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Traditional Polities |url=https://www.rulers.org/nigatrad.html |website=Rulers.org |access-date=6 October 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Idoma]] * [[Jihar Benue]] * [[Otukpa]] * [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] * [[NYSC]] * [[Masarautar Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Sarakunan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Sarakunan gargajiya na Jihar Benue]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Idoma]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Jihar Benue]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Otukpa]] [[Rukuni:1944 haihuwa]] [[Rukuni:2021 mutuwa]] [[Rukuni:Commander of the Order of the Niger]] [[Rukuni:Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] mmh59jzaeqcwh1ok2dqh51gg2wiw2y3 0 178451 975422 966056 2026-11-03T01:11:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lowan Conservation Park '''(wanda a da ake kira Lowan National Park) yanki ne mai kariya wanda ke cikin jihar Kudancin Ostiraliya ta Ostiraliya a yankin Bowhill mai nisan 99 kilometres (62 mi) gabas da babban birnin jihar Adelaide da kuma kimanin 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) yammacin garin Perponda . <ref name=LMV/><ref name="NRE">{{cite AHD|7949|Lowan Conservation Park – listing on the now defunct Register of the National Estate |date=21 October 1980|access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref> Wurin shakatawa na kiyayewa ya ƙunshi ƙasar ƙasa a sassa na 71 da 73 a cikin sashin cadastral na Ɗari na Bowhill . Gwamnatin Kudancin Ostiraliya ce ta sayi Sashe na 71 bisa shawarar "Majalisar Hukumar Filaye da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa" daga mai shi "wanda ke da sha'awar ganin an ci gaba da sharewa a kan ginin". Ta sami matsayin yanki mai kariya a matsayin Lowan National Park a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1971 ta hanyar sanarwar da aka bayar a ƙarƙashin ''Dokar Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ta 1966'' . A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1972, aka sake gina shi a matsayin Wurin Kiyaye na Lowan bayan da aka ayyana ''Dokar Wuraren Shakatawa da Namun Daji ta Kasa ta 1972'' . A ranar 2 ga Agusta 1973, an ƙara fili a sashe na 73 na Ɗari na Bowhill a wurin shakatawa na kiyayewa. <ref name="BSMM">{{Cite book|edition=J. S}}</ref> <ref name="NPWact">{{Cite journal |date=27 April 1972 |title=No. 56 of 1972 (National Parks and Wildlife Act, 1972) |url=http://www9.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/sa/num_act/npawa56o1972293/npawa56o1972293.html |journal=The South Australian Government Gazette |publisher=Government of South Australia |pages=660 & 702 |access-date=27 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313153910/http://www9.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/sa/num_act/npawa56o1972293/npawa56o1972293.html |archive-date=13 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="SAGG-1973">{{Cite web |last=Bray |first=J.J. |date=2 August 1973 |title=NATIONAL PARKS AND WILDLIFE ACT, 1972- HUNDRED OF BOWHILL—LOWAN CONSERVATION PARK: ALTERATION OF BOUNDARIES |url=http://www7.austlii.edu.au/au/other/sa_gazette/1973/36/723.pdf |access-date=29 March 2018 |website=South Australian Government Gazette |publisher=South Australian Government |page=723 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811141026/https://www7.austlii.edu.au/au/other/sa_gazette/1973/36/723.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, ta mamaye fadin {{Convert|6.75|km2}} . A shekarar 1980, an bayyana shi kamar haka: <blockquote>Wani yanki na ciyawar mallee da ke tallafawa yawan kiwo na tsuntsayen mallee da gaggafa masu wutsiya . Wani yanki mai laushi a cikin mallee, wanda aka yi wa ado da furannin mallee, manyan nau'ikan sune ''Eucalyptus socialis'', ''E. gracilis'' da ''E. Dumosa,'' tare da rufin ƙasan nau'in [[Bagaruwa|acacia]] . Zomo yana da yawa a wurin shakatawa kuma yawan kiwo yana hana sake farfaɗowar wasu nau'ikan. An gina ƙasar da ke kewaye da ita don noman alkama da tumaki.</blockquote>An rarraba wurin shakatawa na kiyayewa a matsayin [[IUCN yankuna masu kariya|yanki mai kariya na IUCN Category III]] . A shekarar 1980, an saka shi a cikin Rijistar Gidaje ta Ƙasa wadda yanzu ta daina aiki. == Duba kuma == * Yankunan da aka kare na Kudancin Ostiraliya *  This article incorporates text by Commonwealth of Australia available under the CC BY 3.0 AU licence. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.protectedplanet.net/lowan-conservation-park Shafin yanar gizo na Lowan Conservation Park akan gidan yanar gizon Protected Planet] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250516051246/https://birdssa.asn.au/location/lowan-conservation-park/ Shafin yanar gizo na Lowan Conservation Park a gidan yanar gizon BirdsSA] == Manazarta == 98datwcq7565t576ck9v6557g4w1515 0 178581 975465 964896 2026-11-03T05:43:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biography | name = Gombe Children & High School | native_name = Gombe Children and High School | former_name = Government Children And High School, Gombe | type = Makarantar firamare da sakandare | location = [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]] | state = [[Jihar Gombe]] | country = [[Najeriya]] | established = 1982 }} '''Gombe Children & High School''' makaranta ce da ke [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]], [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Ana kuma samun sunanta a wasu majiyoyi da ''Gombe Children and High School'' ko ''Government Children And High School, Gombe''. == Tarihi == Gombe Children & High School ta kasance a Gombe tun aƙalla shekarar [[1982]], lokacin da Gombe take ƙarƙashin tsohuwar [[Jihar Bauchi]]. Majiyar da ta yi bayani kan tarihin makarantar ta ce makarantar tana nan tun wannan lokaci, kafin ƙirƙirar [[Jihar Gombe]] a shekarar 1996. Bayanan [[Universal Service Provision Fund]] (USPF) na gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya sun lissafa makarantar da sunan ''Government Children And High School, Gombe''. Makarantar ta bayyana a bayanan ayyukan USPF na shekarun 2011 da 2015. == Ilimi == Makarantar tana ba da ilimi ga yara da matasa a Gombe. A wasu bayanai an ambace ta a matsayin makarantar da ke da matakan firamare da sakandare. Wani binciken ilimi daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] ya kuma sanya ''Gombe Children High School'' cikin makarantun sakandare da aka yi amfani da su wajen bincike. Wata majiya ta shekarar 2024 ta ambaci makarantar a matsayin tsohuwar makarantar wani ɗalibi da ya yi karatun [[JSS 3]] a cikinta a shekarar 1997, wanda ke nuna cewa makarantar tana da tarihin koyar da matakin ƙaramar sakandare tun aƙalla ƙarshen shekarun 1990. == Matsayi da muhimmanci == Gombe Children & High School na daga cikin makarantun da aka rubuta a cikin bayanan makarantun Gombe. Wani bincike da aka wallafa kan makarantun sakandare a Gombe North ya lissafa makarantar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin makarantun da ke [[Gombe LGA]]. An kuma bayyana tsoffin ɗaliban makarantar a wasu wallafe-wallafen yanar gizo. Misali, wasu tsoffin ɗalibai sun ambaci cewa sun fara ko ci gaba da karatunsu a Gombe Children and High School kafin su wuce zuwa wasu makarantun sakandare. == Wuri == Makarantar tana cikin [[Gombe (birni)|birnin Gombe]], hedkwatar [[Jihar Gombe]] a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Bayanai na taswirar Wikidata sun nuna wurin makarantar a Gombe, tare da lambar akwatin gidan waya 760252. == Duba kuma == * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]] * [[Ilimi a Najeriya]] * [[Jihar Bauchi]] * [[Makarantu a Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Majiyoyi == * [https://uspf.gov.ng/projects/north-east Universal Service Provision Fund — North East Projects] * [https://uspf.gov.ng/2014-09-20-22-37-38/2014-09-30-15-59-52/12-skc-schools-tertiary-institutions Universal Service Provision Fund — School Knowledge Centres] * [https://periscopenga.com/2022/08/analysis-demolition-of-illegal-structure-by-gombe-state-urban-planning-development-authority-is-for-security-reasons-says-the-executive-chairman/ Periscope — Tarihin Gombe Children and High School] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20261009054602/https://mediterraneanpublications.com/mejaee/article/download/404/459/794 Mediterranean Publications — jerin makarantun sakandare a Gombe] * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126011909 Wikidata — Gombe Children & High School] [[Category:Makarantu a Najeriya]] [[Category:Makarantu a Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Makarantu a Gombe]] [[Category:Gombe (birni)]] [[Category:Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:1982 a Najeriya]] khsqx8l9i7gv8cc3j2mxd2fmehr4frm 0 178599 975490 964925 2026-11-03T08:06:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''gundumar makaranta Brandywine''' (abbreviated '''BSD''') gundumar makarantar jama'a ce a arewacin New Castle County, [[Delaware]] a Amurka . Yana aiki da Arden, Ardencroft, Ardentown, Bellefonte, Claymont, Edgemoor, <ref name="SDmap2020">{{Cite web |title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: New Castle County, DE |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st10_de/schooldistrict_maps/c10003_new_castle/DC20SD_C10003.pdf |access-date=2021-06-18 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Talleyville, <ref name="TalleyvilleCDPmap">{{Cite web |title=1990 COUNTY BLOCK MAP (RECREATED): NEW CASTLE County |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/blk1990/st10_Delaware/10003_NewCastle/90B10003_000.pdf |access-date=2021-07-04 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]}} - Talleyville is on [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/blk1990/st10_Delaware/10003_NewCastle/90B10003_003.pdf page 3]. Compare to the school boundary maps.</ref> da kuma yankin arewa maso gabashin birnin Wilmington. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da Brandywine Hundred . Girman yankinta shine murabba'in mil 33 (85 ). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the Brandywine School District! |url=https://www.brandywineschools.org/domain/32 |access-date=2021-07-04 |publisher=Brandywine School District}}</ref> Ofisoshin gudanarwa suna cikin wani yanki da ba a kafa shi ba, kuma yana da adireshin gidan waya na Wilmington.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.brandywineschools.org/ |access-date=2021-06-18 |publisher=Brandywine School District |quote=1311 Brandywine Boulevard Wilmington, DE 19809}} - The address does not match any municipalities, despite the Wilmington, DE address.</ref> Gundumar kuma tana ba da shirin da aka sani da shirin mai baiwa da baiwa. Shirin na yara ne da ke da kyakkyawar fahimta game da ayyukan matakin digiri. Akwai makarantu uku da ke shiga cikin wannan shirin: Mount Pleasant Elementary School, Claymont Elementary School. Mount Pleasant High School da Talley Middle School suna ba da Shirin Baccalaureate na Duniya ga ɗaliban da ke gwadawa cikin shirin. == Tarihi ==   An kafa shi a cikin 1981, ya ɗauki wani ɓangare na tsohuwar Gundumar Makarantar New Castle County . <ref name="Delgovhist">{{Cite web |title=New Castle County School District |url=https://archives.delaware.gov/delaware-agency-histories/new-castle-county-school-district/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |publisher=Government of Delaware}}</ref> A shekara ta 2000 hukumar makarantar ta sayi kwangilar mai kula da Joseph P. DeJohn don ya tafi, kuma hukumar tana da niyyar zabar sabon mai kula. A wannan shekarar Al Mascitti, wani marubuci na The News Journal, ya bayyana cewa hukumar makarantar "ta fara bi da gundumar kamar firiji mai wari". == Gudanarwa == mai kula da yanzu shine Dokta Lisa Lawson . Shugaban kwamitin ilimi na yanzu shine Ralph Ackerman, kuma mataimakin shugaban yanzu shine Dr. Shawn Jegede . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Meet the School Board |url=https://www.brandywineschools.org/Page/2432 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828210828/https://www.brandywineschools.org/Page/2432 |archive-date=2020-08-28 |access-date=2020-08-28 |website= |language=en}}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == A cikin shekarar makaranta ta 2019-2020, gundumar ta yi rajistar dalibai 10,500 kuma ta dauki malamai 919 don rabo daga dalibi zuwa malami na kusan 11.43:1.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Welcome to the Brandywine School District! |url=https://www.brandywineschools.org/domain/32 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903213737/https://www.brandywineschools.org/domain/32 |archive-date=2020-09-03 |access-date=2020-09-03 |website=Brandywine School District}}</ref> Tsakanin 2012 da 2016 an rubuta cewa ɗalibai 66% Caucasian, 22% Afirka-Amurka, 5% Asiya, da 4% Hispanic ko Latino. A cikin gundumar a wannan lokacin 12.5% na iyalai suna da kudin shiga a ƙasa da Matsayin talauci, kuma 21.9% suna karɓar fa'idodin Food Stamp / SNAP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS-ED: Brandywine School District Demographic Dashboard 2012-2016 |url=https://nces.ed.gov/Programs/Edge/ACSDashboard/1001240 |access-date=July 5, 2019 |website=EDGE: Education Demographic and Geographic Estimates}}</ref> == Haɗin gwiwa == Gundumar makarantar ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da shirin Jami'ar Delaware TeenSHARP don taimakawa wajen shirya ɗaliban da aka zaɓa a cikin gundumar don manyan kwalejoji, inda ɗalibai ke shiga har zuwa karatun kwaleji biyu a kowace shekara ta makaranta, har zuwa shekaru 4.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Yvonne |date=November 3, 2017 |title=Our schools should challenge kids so they're ready for college: Delaware Voice |url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/opinion/contributors/2017/11/03/our-schools-should-challenge-kids-so-theyre-ready-college-delaware-voice/829402001/ |access-date=2019-02-05 |website=delawareonline |language=en}}</ref> == Makarantu == ; Makarantu masu girma (ƙasa 9-12) * Makarantar Sakandare ta Brandywine * Makarantar Sakandare ta Concord * Makarantar Sakandare ta Mount Pleasant ; Makarantu na tsakiya (ƙasa 6-8) * Makarantar Tsakiya ta P.S. duPont * Makarantar Tsakiya ta Springer * [https://www.brandywineschools.org/talley Makarantar Tsakiya ta Talley] ; Makarantun firamare (digiri K-5) [[File:David_W._Harlan_Elementary_School_in_Wilmington,_Delaware.jpg|thumb|Makarantar Firamare ta David W. Harlan]] * Makarantar Firamare ta Carrcroft * Makarantar Firamare ta Claymont * Makarantar Firamare ta Forwood * Makarantar Firamare ta Hanby * Makarantar Firamare ta Harlan * Makarantar Firamare ta Lancashire * Makarantar Firamare ta Lombardy * Makarantar Firamare ta Maple Lane * Makarantar Firamare ta Mount Pleasant ; Shirye-shiryen makarantar sakandare (PreK) * Cibiyar Ilimi ta Farko ta Charles W. Bush * Shirin Taimako na Yara na Joseph Brumskill (ECAP) == Abubuwan da suka faru == A shekara ta 2006, an kama malamin makarantar firamare ta Claymont saboda fyade na farko, da kuma samar da barasa ga ƙarami, bayan an gano cewa ta yi jima'i da ɗalibin namiji mai shekaru 13 sau ashirin da takwas. Ta kuma ba da izinin abokiyar yaron mai shekaru 12 ya kalli su kuma ya ba su barasa. Ta yi ikirarin aikata laifuka guda daya na fyade na biyu kuma ta sami mafi ƙarancin shekaru 10 da aka yanke mata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2006 |title=Teacher charged with raping student 28 times |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/LAW/04/04/teacher.sex/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060406112706/http://edition.cnn.com:80/2006/LAW/04/04/teacher.sex/index.html |archive-date=2006-04-06 |access-date=2022-01-06 |website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=February 14, 2014 |title=Commutation denied in teacher sex case |url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/local/2014/02/28/commutation-denied-in-teacher-sex-case/5919637/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106195806/https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/local/2014/02/28/commutation-denied-in-teacher-sex-case/5919637/ |archive-date=2022-01-06 |access-date=2022-01-06 |website=The News Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> An shigar da karar tarayya a kan gundumar a cikin 2016, yayin da aka gano makamai da kuma binciken da ya biyo baya a cikin jakar dalibai, ya haifar da dakatar da makaranta na kwanaki 5. Bayan an gano kuskuren ganewa mahaifin ya ɗaga karar yiwuwar keta Kwaskwarima ta huɗu, lokacin da ya gano cewa dakatarwar za ta kasance a cikin rikodin 'ya'yansa maza.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hale Spencer |first=Saranac |date=April 6, 2016 |title=Brandywine School District faces civil rights suit |url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/education/2016/04/06/brandywine-faces-civil-rights-suit/82697274/ |access-date=2019-02-05 |website=delawareonline |language=en}}</ref> Shari'ar ta haifar, ga dalibai da dukiyarsu ba za a iya bincika su ba tare da iyaye ko mai kula da su ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cherry |first=Amy |date=May 2017 |title=EXCLUSIVE {{!}} Brandywine School District changes policy after alleged unconstitutional search of student results in lawsuit |url=https://www.wdel.com/news/exclusive-brandywine-school-district-changes-policy-after-alleged-unconstitutional-search/article_99cbfc8c-2c51-11e7-99aa-1f8d805031e3.html |access-date=2019-02-05 |website=WDEL 101.7FM |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, an ƙaddamar da wata motar bas ta makaranta mai launin shuɗi don taimakawa ciyar da ɗalibai a lokacin bazara lokacin da makaranta ba ta aiki, kuma an ba da kuɗin ta hanyar Shirin Sabis na Abinci na Lokacin bazara na USDA . Mai Kula da Gina Jiki na Makarantu, Pam Gouge, ya nuna buƙatar motar bas ɗin yayin da kusan rabin ɗaliban gundumomi suka cancanci cin abincin rana kyauta ko rage farashi, kuma Bankin Abinci ya janye daga yankunan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schmidt |first=Sophia |date=3 June 2018 |title=Brandywine School District to feed kids with food bus this summer |url=https://www.delawarepublic.org/post/brandywine-school-district-feed-kids-food-bus-summer |access-date=2019-02-05 |website=www.delawarepublic.org |language=en}}</ref> A wannan shekarar kuma gundumar ta shiga cikin gasar National School Walkout, wadda waɗanda suka tsira daga harbin makarantar sakandare ta Marjory Stoneman Douglas suka shirya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cherry |first=Amy |date=22 February 2018 |title=Brandywine will support National School Walkout, while Caesar Rodney declines |url=https://www.wdel.com/news/brandywine-will-support-national-school-walkout-while-caesar-rodney-declines/article_0608d830-1814-11e8-9706-338b30cf2e74.html |access-date=2019-02-05 |website=WDEL 101.7FM |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2019 an sanar da cewa an gayyaci wani ɗalibi daga gundumar ya zauna tare da [[Melania Trump]] don jawabin Jihar Tarayyar Amurka na 2019, bayan rahotanni sun ce an yi masa cin zarafi saboda yana da suna iri ɗaya da [[Donald Trump|Shugaba Donald Trump]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-05 |title=Boy bullied over Trump name to be president's guest at State of the Union |url=https://kdvr.com/2019/02/05/boy-bullied-over-trump-name-to-be-presidents-guest-at-state-of-the-union/ |access-date=2019-02-05 |website=FOX31 Denver |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206011906/https://kdvr.com/2019/02/05/boy-bullied-over-trump-name-to-be-presidents-guest-at-state-of-the-union/ |archive-date=2019-02-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022, an kai dalibai biyu na 8th zuwa asibiti bayan sun sha marijuana gummies a makarantar Springer Middle School.<ref>{{Cite web |last=on 6abc |first=Action News |date=2022-11-17 |title=Two 8th graders taken to hospital after ingesting marijuana gummies at school |url=https://headtopics.com/us/two-8th-graders-taken-to-hospital-after-ingesting-marijuana-gummies-at-school-31805618 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=Head Topics |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004222333/https://headtopics.com/us/two-8th-graders-taken-to-hospital-after-ingesting-marijuana-gummies-at-school-31805618 |archive-date=2023-10-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 680zjjfh874hzu7bsjhg7fe832swl1c 0 178637 975165 969856 2026-11-02T13:20:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elfego Baca''' (10 ga Fabrairu, 1865 - 27 ga Agusta, 1945) ɗan bindiga ne, jami'in tsaro, [[lauya]], kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] a [[New Mexico]], wanda ya zama gwarzon al'ummar Amurka a shekarun baya na kan iyakar New Mexico . <ref name="Shimabukuro 2016 pp. 77–106">{{Cite journal |last=Shimabukuro |first=Karra |year=2016 |title=Don't Just Print the Legend, Write It |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44790901 |journal=Western Folklore |publisher=Western States Folklore Society |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=77–106 |issn=0043-373X |jstor=44790901 |access-date=August 13, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="La Prensa Texas 2021">{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2021 |title=Elfego Baca |url=https://laprensatexas.com/elfego-baca/ |access-date=August 13, 2021 |website=La Prensa Texas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813072117/https://laprensatexas.com/elfego-baca/ |archive-date=August 13, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufarsa a rayuwa ita ce ya zama jami'in zaman lafiya, kuma "masu laifi su ji takunsa na ɗan lokaci". An san shi da hannu a harbin bindiga a Frisco (wanda yanzu ake kira Reserve ), [[New Mexico]] a shekarar 1884, da kuma wasu hotuna na rayuwarsa da aka wallafa a cikin fina-finan Yammacin Turai da aka fitar a tsakiyar karni na 20. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Baca a shekara ta 1865 a Socorro, New Mexico, ga Francisco da Juana Maria Baca. Iyalinsa sun ƙaura zuwa Topeka, Kansas, lokacin da yake ƙarami. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarsa a shekarar 1880, Baca ya koma tare da mahaifinsa zuwa Belen, New Mexico, inda mahaifinsa ya zama jami'in soja . A shekara ta 1884, yana da shekaru 19, Baca ya sami wasu bindigogi kuma ya zama mataimakin sheriff (ko ta hanyar siyan lamba ko kuma ta hanyar naɗi ba a fayyace ba) a Gundumar Socorro, New Mexico . == bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na Frisco == [[File:Reserve_NM_-_3.jpg|thumb| Mutum-mutumin Elfego Baca a Yankin Reserve, New Mexico]] A watan Oktoban 1884, a garin Middle San Francisco Plaza (wanda yanzu ake kira Reserve, New Mexico), Baca ya kama wani mayen kaboyi mai suna Charlie McCarty, yana nuna masa tambarinsa sannan ya ɗauki bindigarsa. Abokan kaboyi na McCarty sun yi ƙoƙarin hana Baca, amma ya yi faɗa, inda ya kashe dokin shugaban John Slaughter, wanda ya faɗo masa ya kashe shi, sannan ya harbi wani kaboyi a gwiwa. Daga baya, Alkalin Zaman Lafiya Ted White ya ba McCarty 'yancinsa kuma ya kira Bert Hearne, wani makiyayi daga Spur Lake Ranch, don ya dawo da Baca ga shari'a don yi masa tambayoyi game da abin da ya ɗauka a matsayin kisan kai. Bayan Baca ya ƙi fitowa daga gidan yarin adobe, Hearne ya karya ƙofar ya kuma umarci Baca ya fito da hannunsa sama. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, harbin bindiga ya fito daga gidan yarin ya kuma bugi Hearne a cikinsa, wanda ya raunata shi har lahira. An yi arangama da 'yan kaboyi. An yi ta cece-kuce kan adadin 'yan kaboyi da suka taru, inda mazauna kauyen da ke wurin suka bayar da rahoton cewa akwai kimanin mutum 40 a wurin, yayin da Baca da kansa daga baya ya yi ikirarin cewa akwai akalla mutum 80. An ce 'yan kaboyi sun harba harsasai sama da 4,000 cikin gidan, har sai da ginin adobe ya cika da ramuka. Duk da haka, babu wani harsashi da ya same Baca; an ce benen gidan ya ɗan yi ƙasa da matakin ƙasa, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar tsira daga rauni. [[File:Frisco_store.jpg|left|thumb| Shagon Frisco a tsakiyar Frisco Plaza, kimanin 1993]] Bayan kimanin sa'o'i 33 da harba harsasai kusan 4,000, yaƙin ya ƙare lokacin da Francisquito Naranjo ya shawo kan Baca ya miƙa wuya. A watan Mayun 1885, an tuhumi Baca da laifin kisan gillar da aka yi wa shugaban 'yan sanda na John Slaughter da kuma Bert Hearne, kuma an daure shi yana jiran shari'a. A watan Agusta na shekarar 1885, an wanke Baca daga laifin bayan an shigar da ƙofar gidan Armijo a matsayin shaida. Tana da ramukan harsashi sama da 400 a cikinta. A cewarsa, lauyan da ke kare Baca yana da takardun karya don tabbatar da matsayinsa na lauya a shari'a, kamar yadda tarihin rayuwar Baca ya nuna ya nada kansa a matsayin mataimakinsa jim kaɗan kafin a kama Charlie McCarty. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 1, 1884 |title=Elfego Baca battles Anglo cowboys |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/elfego-baca-battles-anglo-cowboys |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607012922/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/elfego-baca-battles-anglo-cowboys |archive-date=June 7, 2015 |access-date=September 26, 2013 |publisher=www.history.com}}</ref> == Aikin tilasta bin doka == Baca ya zama sheriff na gundumar Socorro a hukumance kuma an tuhume shi da laifin kama masu karya doka a yankin. Maimakon ya umarci mataimakansa su bi sahun mutanen da ake nema, sai ya aika wa kowanne daga cikin wadanda ake zargi wasiƙa. An ce, "Ina da sammacin kama ka. Don Allah ka zo kafin Maris."&nbsp;15 kuma ka miƙa kanka. Idan ba ka yi ba, zan san kana da niyyar ƙin kamawa, kuma zan ji cewa ka cancanci a harbe ka idan na gan ka idan na zo bin ka." Yawancin masu laifin sun mika kansu da son rai. A shekara ta 1888, Baca ya zama shugaban rundunar sojojin Amurka . Ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu sannan ya fara karatun lauya. A watan Disamba na shekarar 1894, Alkali AA Freeman ya shigar da shi cikin lauyoyi kuma ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a kamfanin lauyoyi na Freeman's Socorro a watan Fabrairun 1895. Ya yi aikin lauya a titin San Antonio da ke [[El Paso, Texas|El Paso]] tsakanin 1902 da 1904. == Rayuwar siyasa == Baca ta riƙe mukamai daban-daban na gwamnati, waɗanda suka haɗa da magatakardar gundumar, magajin gari, da kuma shugaban makaranta na Gundumar Socorro da kuma lauyan gundumar Socorro da Sierra. A cikin littafinsa The Shooters, masanin tarihi Leon Metz ya rubuta, "yawancin rahotanni sun ce shi ne mafi kyawun jami'in zaman lafiya Socorro da ya taɓa samu." Daga 1913 zuwa 1916, Baca ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Amurka na gwamnatin Victoriano Huerta a lokacin juyin juya halin Mexico . A watan Afrilun 1915, an tuhumi Baca da laifin shirya makircin aikata laifuka saboda zargin shirya tserewar Janar José Inés Salazar na Mexico daga gidan yarin Albuquerque a watan Nuwamban 1914. [1] An kare shi da nasara daga lauya kuma ɗan siyasa na New Mexico Octaviano Larrazolo, kuma sunansa ya ƙaru a tsakanin mazauna Kudu maso Yamma. Lokacin da New Mexico ta zama jiha a shekarar 1912, Baca ta tsaya takarar Majalisa a matsayin 'yar Republican. Duk da cewa bai yi nasara ba, ya ci gaba da zama mutum mai daraja a siyasa saboda iyawarsa ta fitar da ƙuri'u a tsakanin al'ummar Hispanic . A wani lokacin yana aiki a matsayin jami'in bincike na sirri, Baca ya kuma ɗauki aiki a matsayin mai satar bayanai a wani gidan caca a kan iyaka a Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. Baca ya yi aiki kafada da kafada da Sanata Bronson Cutting na New Mexico na dogon lokaci a matsayin mai binciken siyasa kuma ya rubuta wani shafi na mako-mako a cikin harshen Sifaniyanci yana yabon ayyukan Cutting a madadin 'yan asalin Hispanics na gida. Baca ya yi la'akari da tsayawa takarar gwamna duk da raguwar lafiyarsa, amma ya kasa samun takarar jam'iyyar Democrat a matsayin lauyan gundumar a shekarar 1944. Metz, marubucin tarihin rayuwarsa, ya rubuta: "Elfego yana da, kuma yana da ce-ce-ku-ce. Ya sha giya da yawa; ya yi magana da yawa ... yana da rauni ga mata na daji. Sau da yawa yana da girman kai, kuma, ba shakka, bai nuna damuwa game da kashe mutane ba." A ranar haihuwarsa ta cika shekaru 75, Baca ya shaida wa ''Albuquerque Tribune'' cewa a matsayinsa na lauya ya kare mutane 30 da ake tuhuma da laifin kisan kai kuma daya ne kawai aka kai gidan yari. A watan Yulin 1936, shekaru da dama kafin mutuwarsa, Janet Smith ta yi hira da Baca. Ana iya samun bayananta a cikin [[Dakin Karatu na Congres|Laburare na Majalisa]], Sashen Rubutun Manuscript, Tarin Ayyukan Marubuta na Tarayya na WPA. Baca ya gaya wa Smith, "Ban taɓa son kashe kowa ba, amma idan mutum yana da niyyar kashe ni, ni ne na fara kama shi." == Tatsuniyoyi == Wani labari ya ce Baca ya sace bindiga daga Pancho Villa kuma Villa mai fushi ya sanya farashin $ 30,000 a kan Baca. Wani labari da ake yawan fada ya ce sau ɗaya lokacin da yake aiki a Albuquerque, Baca ya karɓi saƙo daga abokin ciniki a El Paso, Texas. "Ina bukatar ku nan take", in ji shi. "An tuhume shi da kisan kai," wanda Baca ya kamata ya amsa da sakon telegram yana cewa, "Sauwa nan da nan tare da shaidu uku". == Zane a cikin kafofin watsa labarai masu farin jini == A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, [[Walt Disney]] ya mayar da Baca a matsayin gwarzon al'adun Hispanic na farko a Amurka, yana wakiltarsa a cikin littattafan barkwanci guda shida, wani fim mai ban sha'awa, da kuma tallace-tallace masu alaƙa. Disney ya guji tashin hankalin ƙabilanci da gangan ta hanyar gabatar da Baca a matsayin gwarzon Yamma na gama gari, yana nuna "sabon Davy Crockett ɗan ƙasar Mexico". Sun ɗauki mafi yawan shirye-shiryen a New Mexico, musamman Cerrillos, Gundumar Socorro, da kuma yankin ƙididdiga na Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Las Vegas . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Do You Remember... "The Nine Lives of Elfego Baca" |url=http://www.westernclippings.com/remember/elfegobaca_doyouremember.shtml}}</ref> <ref name="Szasz 2006 pp. 261–274">{{Cite journal |last=Szasz |first=Ferenc Morton |year=2006 |title=A New Mexican |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40170324 |journal=Journal of the Southwest |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=261–274 |issn=0894-8410 |jstor=40170324 |access-date=July 17, 2022}}</ref> <ref name="B 2012">{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2012 |title=LibGuides: ABQPedia: B |url=https://abqlibrary.org/abqpedia/b |access-date=July 17, 2022 |website=B}}</ref> <ref name="New Mexico True 1970">{{Cite web |date=January 1, 1970 |title=Cerrillos New Mexico Ghost Town - Haunted Places: Old Abandoned Mining Towns |url=https://www.newmexico.org/places-to-visit/ghost-towns/cerrillos/ |access-date=July 17, 2022 |website=New Mexico True}}</ref> Tun daga watan Oktoban 1958, [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Studios]] ta fitar da wani shirin talabijin mai sassa 10 mai taken ''The Nine Lives of Elfego Baca'', wanda Robert Loggia ya fito a matsayin jarumi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Magers |first=Boyd |title=The Nine Lives of Elfego Baca |url=http://www.westernclippings.com/remember/elfegobaca_doyouremember.shtml |access-date=May 9, 2018 |website=Western Clippings}}</ref> <ref name="Legends"> {{Cite journal |date=June 2013 |title=Elfago Baca |journal=Legends: Outlaws & Lawmen |location=Boulder, Colorado USA |publisher=Active Interest Medua, Inc.}} Special edition of ''American Cowboy'' magazine, p. 28: "Walt Disney, the only producer of 1950s TV Westerns to focus on minority issues, powerfully told the full story of Baca's career in a ten-episode mini-series for ABC between 1958 and 1960, starring Robert Loggia. The title ''The Nine Lives of Elfago Baca'', played off the hero's nickname ''El Gato,'' the cat."</ref> An nuna shirin a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin waƙoƙin ''Walt Disney Presents'' a takaitattun lokaci daga 3 ga Oktoba, 1958, zuwa 25 ga Maris, 1960. Disney ta yi taka tsantsan wajen nuna wannan katangar da aka yi a matsayin gaskiya kamar yadda zai yiwu, idan aka yi la'akari da cikakkun bayanai da aka sani. <ref name="Legends" /> Daga cikin waɗanda suka fito a cikin shirin akwai Skip Homeier, Raymond Bailey, da kuma I. Stanford Jolley . Daga baya an gyara shirye-shiryen shirin zuwa wani fim na shekarar 1962 mai suna ''Elfego Baca: Six Gun Law'' . Lakabin waƙar shine, "Kuma tatsuniya ita ce / Kamar ''el gato'', "macen" / Rayuwa tara ta sami Elfego Baca." A shekarar 1966, an fitar da tarin shirye-shiryen a matsayin fim, ''Elfego Baca: Dokar Gun Six'' . Christian Nyby ne ya ba da umarni kuma fim ɗin Robert Loggia Elfego Baca ya fito a ciki. An fara nuna fim ɗin a gidajen sinima a [[Yammacin Jamus]] a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1966, kuma daga baya aka watsa shi a talabijin na Amurka da taken ''Elfego Baca: Lauya a Lauya'' . Sauran shahararrun zane-zanen al'adu sun haɗa da fim ɗin Lone Ranger na Dynamite Entertainment da kuma littafin barkwanci na Green Hornet, inda ya fito tare da wasu jaruman ƙasashen yamma ciki har da Lone Ranger, Bat Masterson, Buffalo Bill, Wyatt Earp, Annie Oakley, Texas John Slaughter, da [[Black Bart (mai laifi)|Black Bart]] . <ref name="Dynamite">{{Cite web |title=Dynamite® The Lone Ranger / Green Hornet #1 (Of 6) |url=https://www.dynamite.com/htmlfiles/viewProduct.html?PRO=C72513024917301011 |access-date=August 13, 2021 |website=Dynamite}}</ref> Sabon marubucin ɗan ƙasar Mexico Rudolfo Anaya (1937-2020) ya rubuta littattafai guda huɗu masu ban mamaki waɗanda suka nuna jikan Elfego [[Sonny Baca]] na Albuquerque, New Mexico, wanda ke ɗauke da bindigar Elfego da ake zaton tana da ƙarfi; labaran zamani sun haɗa da sihiri da sihiri. == Duba kuma == * Iyalan Baca na New Mexico == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Elfego Baca at Find a Grave * {{IMDb title|id=0561046|title=The Nine Lives of Elfego Baca}} * [http://www.ultimatedisney.com/legendaryheroes-elfego.html UltimateDisney.com's Show/DVD Review of ''Elfego Baca''] * [https://www.congress.gov/crec/1995/05/10/CREC-1995-05-10-pt1-PgE987-4.pdf Tribute to Elfego Baca in the U.S. House of Representatives, May 10, 1995] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090608174309/http://williamkeleher.com/elfego-baca/ Elfego Baca] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060502065127/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/wpa/20040209.html Interview with Elfego (Library of Congress)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170921094550/http://epcc.libguides.com/content.php?pid=309255&sid=2604128 Borderlands] * [http://www.genordell.com/stores/western/ElfegoBaca.htm Elfego Baca at 'Readers of The Purple Sage'] * [http://www.ghosttowns.com/states/nm/frisco.html Frisco, New Mexico], GhostTowns.com entry by Samuel W. McWhorter * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160807083855/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-elfegobaca.html Elfego Baca & The "Frisco War"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250915023258/http://rjalvaradobooks.com/ Elfego Baca Destined to Survive] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160406214746/http://www.elfegobacaproject.com/ Elfego Baca Project] Archived 2016-04-06 at the Wayback Machine [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == 16r6opeadyt3yzhdgo6mxhn1b50jrk7 0 178788 975464 965772 2026-11-03T05:38:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Golkos Gaius Gaji | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Ɗan siyasa]] | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = Pero/Chonge | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Golkos Gaius Gaji''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Pero/Chonge a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC).<ref name="INEC">{{cite web |title=Report of the 2023 General Election |url=https://wp1.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2023-GENERAL-ELECTION-REPORT-1.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |publisher=INEC |access-date=10 October 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Siyasa == === Zaɓen 2023 === A zaɓen gama-gari na Najeriya na shekarar 2023, Golkos Gaius Gaji ya tsaya takara a mazabar Pero/Chonge ta Jihar Gombe a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar APC. Rahoton INEC ya lissafa shi a matsayin wanda aka zaɓa domin wakiltar mazabar a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe.<ref name="INEC"/> === Ayyukansa a majalisa === A watan Yulin 2023, majalisar ta kafa kwamitoci na musamman da na dindindin. A cewar jaridar Dateline Nigeria, an naɗa Golkos Gaius Gaji a matsayin shugaban kwamitin shari’a (Judiciary Committee), sannan mataimakin shugaban kwamitin dokoki da harkokin majalisa (Rules and Business Committee).<ref name="Dateline">{{cite news |title=Gombe assembly constitutes special, standing committees |url=https://dateline.ng/gombe-assembly-constitutes-special-standing-committees/ |work=Dateline Nigeria |date=20 July 2023 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Shongom]] * [[All Progressives Congress]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:’Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar All Progressives Congress]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] s7z7j4l8glc1eiy27ngyy2zbcm8pkkh 0 178926 975523 970853 2026-11-03T11:08:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975523 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hanyar Entebbe-Kampala''' Expressway, wanda aka fi sani da '''Kampala-Entebbe Expressway''' ko Entebbe- Kampala Highway, babbar hanya ce mai layin hudu a [[Uganda]]" id="mwEw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Central Region, Uganda">Yankin Tsakiya na Uganda . <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Edris Kiggundu |date=5 April 2015 |title=Entebbe-Kampala Highway: What Is Done So Far |url=http://www.observer.ug/news-headlines/37179-entebbe-k-la-highway-what-is-done-so-far |access-date=15 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406230616/http://www.observer.ug/news-headlines/37179-entebbe-k-la-highway-what-is-done-so-far |archive-date=6 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Hanyar ta haɗa Filin jirgin saman Entebbe, filin jirgin sama mafi girma na farar hula da soja, zuwa [[Kampala]], babban birnin kasar da kuma mafi girman yankin birni. Da farko, an shirya babbar hanyar don aiki a cikin 2016, amma saboda jinkirin ayyukan, shugaban kasar Uganda, [[Yoweri Museveni]] ne ya yi aiki a ranar 15 ga Yuni 2018.<ref name="Fnl">{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=16 June 2018 |title=Museveni, China's Wang Yang Commission Uganda's First Ever Expressway |url=https://www.softpower.ug/museveni-chinas-wang-yang-commission-ugandas-first-ever-expressway/ |access-date=17 June 2018 |publisher=Soft Power Uganda}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2023, Ministan Ayyuka da Sufuri na Uganda, Janar Katumba Wamala, ya kaddamar da tashar haraji a Kajjansi tare da Kampala-Entebbe Road.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KEE |date=8 January 2023 |title=Egis Road Operations celebrates one year with a collection of Shs34b from Kampala-Entebbe Expressway |url=https://kee.go.ug/egis-road-operations-celebrates-one-year-with-a-collection-of-shs34b-from-kampala-entebbe-expressway/ |access-date=8 November 2024 |website=Kampala Entebbe Expressway (KEE)}}</ref> == Wurin da yake == [[File:Entebbe_express_highway_Aeroshot6.jpg|alt=Entebbe express highway.|thumb|Hanyar Entebbe]]{{Databox}}{{Databox}} Hanyar ta fara ne a Filin jirgin saman Entebbe kuma ta ci gaba zuwa [[Abayita Ababiri|Mpala]], ta ratsa [[Akright City|Birnin Akright]], [[Kajjansi]], da [[Kabojja]], kuma ta ƙare a [[Busega]], inda ta haɗu da Kampala Northern Bypass Highway, nisan kusan kilomita 37.23 (23 . Wani reshe ya fito daga babbar hanyar a Kajjansi don haɗawa da [[Munyonyo]], wani yanki na Kampala, wanda ke kan iyakar arewacin [[Tafkin Victoria]], nisan kusan kilomita 14.13 (9 . Dukan babbar hanyar hanya ce mai layin hudu, babbar hanyar mota biyu, tare da iyakantaccen damar shiga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vision Reporter |date=10 May 2014 |title=Kampala-Entebbe Highway on Track, Chinese Want to Build Railway Line |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/655406-kampala-entebbe-highway-on-track-chinese-want-to-build-railway.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512221532/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/655406-kampala-entebbe-highway-on-track-chinese-want-to-build-railway.html |archive-date=12 May 2014 |access-date=11 May 2014}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == An gina Kampala Entebbe Expressway tare da dabarun gaba ɗaya na kawar da ƙwaƙwalwa a yankin Kampala Metropolitan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNRA wishes to engage an operator for the Operation and Maintenance of the Kampala-Entebbe Expressway Project (51.4 km) |url=https://www.unra.go.ug/en/kampala-entebbe-expressway |access-date=2019-04-22 |website=www.unra.go.ug |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422085230/https://www.unra.go.ug/en/kampala-entebbe-expressway |archive-date=2019-04-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ita ce hanya ta farko a Uganda. Yana ba da madadin hanyar da ke akwai kyauta, wanda aka sani da Kampala-Entebbe Road, ko kuma kawai Entebbe Road wanda yake da kunkuntar, ya cika, kuma bai isa ya kula da zirga-zirgar da ke ratsa shi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunziza |first=Andrew |date=10 September 2010 |title=Entebbe Road is a national Embarrassment |url=http://mobile.monitor.co.ug/-/691260/1007120/-/format/xhtml/-/1maca3z/-/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615214406/http://mobile.monitor.co.ug/-/691260/1007120/-/format/xhtml/-/1maca3z/-/index.html |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> An rufe babbar hanyar, kuma dole ne motoci su biya haraji don samun damar shiga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhwezi |first=Naboth |date=31 March 2014 |title=Entebbe-Kampala Expressway: Ugandans could get a better deal |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/654068-entebbe-kampala-expressway-ugandans-could-get-a-better-deal.html |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref> == Tarihi == A shekara ta 2009, Gwamnatin Uganda (GOU) ta fara tattaunawa da Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin game da gina babbar hanyar da ke da hanyoyi huɗu (dual-carriage) da ke haɗa Entebbe da Kampala. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, gwamnatocin biyu sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya inda gwamnatin kasar Sin, ta hanyar Bankin Exim na kasar Sin, za ta ba da rancen dala miliyan 350 don gina babbar hanyar, wacce za a iya biya sama da shekaru arba'in.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojambo |first=Fred |date=10 November 2009 |title=China to Build, Manage Toll Road in Ugandan Capital |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=apRMn6epIhMU |access-date=11 May 2014 |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> An ba da kwangilar ga Kamfanin Gine-ginen Sadarwa na China, wanda kuma ya gina Hanyar Soroti-Lira.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kafeero |first=Stephen |date=4 August 2012 |title=Planned Entebbe Highway Sparks Housing Boom |url=http://www.independent.co.ug/news/news-analysis/6221-planned-entebbe-highway-sparks-housing-boom-%20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201230712/http://www.independent.co.ug/news/news-analysis/6221-planned-entebbe-highway-sparks-housing-boom-%20 |archive-date=1 February 2016 |access-date=11 May 2014 |publisher=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]}}</ref> Ginin ya fara ne a shekarar 2012.<ref name="When">{{Cite web |last=Ogwang |first=Joel |date=19 June 2014 |title=Private company to manage Kampala- Entebbe expressway |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1341843/private-company-manage-kampala-entebbe-expressway |access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref> == Kudin gini == A cikin shekara ta 2012, an kiyasta babbar hanyar ta kashe dala miliyan 476 (UGX:1.19 tiriliyan). <ref name="Yes">{{Cite web |last=Kafeero |first=Stephen |date=4 August 2012 |title=Planned Entebbe highway sparks housing boom |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/news/news-analysis/6221-planned-entebbe-highway-sparks-housing-boom-%20 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232758/http://www.independent.co.ug/news/news-analysis/6221-planned-entebbe-highway-sparks-housing-boom-%20 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Daga cikin wannan, dala miliyan 350 (UGX: biliyan 875) rance ne daga Bankin Exim na kasar Sin a kashi 2 cikin 100 na shekara-shekara.<ref name="Yes" /> Sauran dala miliyan 126 (UGX: biliyan 315) GOU ce ta samar da su.<ref name="Yes" /> GOU ta riga ta sami, ko kuma za ta samar a nan gaba, wani UGX biliyan 123 don biyan masu mallakar ƙasa a kan hanyar babbar hanyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiggundu |first=Edris |date=5 April 2015 |title=Entebbe–Kampala Highway: What is done so far |url=http://www.observer.ug/news-headlines/37179-entebbe-k-la-highway-what-is-done-so-far |access-date=25 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406230616/http://www.observer.ug/news-headlines/37179-entebbe-k-la-highway-what-is-done-so-far |archive-date=6 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ci gaban da aka samu == A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 2012, shugaban kasar Uganda ya ba da umarnin fara gina babbar hanyar a wani bikin a Kyengera, tare da hanyar Kampala-[[Masaka]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bwambale |first=Taddeo |date=22 November 2012 |title=Museveni Commissions Kampala-Entebbe Road |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/637511-museveni-commissions-kampala-entebbe-road.html |access-date=11 May 2014 |publisher=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> ''Gabashin Afirka'' ya ruwaito a watan Agustan 2017 cewa an shirya kammala shi a watan Mayu 2018. <ref name="Ug">{{Cite web |last=Olingo |first=Allan |date=23 August 2017 |title=Sense of urgency as EA region upgrades its roads, airports |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Region-upgrades-its-roads-airports-across-region/2560-4067486-mhmxyb/index.html |access-date=23 August 2017}}</ref> Daily Monitor ta buga irin wannan rahoto a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adengo |first=Jonathan |date=30 November 2017 |title=Kampala-Entebbe Expressway to reduce travel time by 300% |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Kampala-Entebbe-Expressway-to-reduce-travel-time-by-300-/688322-4208292-42twgu/index.html |access-date=30 November 2017}}</ref> An kammala hanyar ne a ranar Jumma'a 15 ga Yuni 2018. <ref name="16R">{{Cite web |last=Lyu Tianran, Zhang Gaiping and Ronald Ssekandi |date=15 June 2018 |title=Feature: Chinese-built expressway speeding up traffic to Uganda's gateway |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/15/c_137256494.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615144423/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/15/c_137256494.htm |archive-date=15 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}</ref><ref name="17R">{{Cite web |last=Uganda Dispatch Staff |date=8 June 2018 |title=Entebbe Expressway to be commissioned next week |url=https://dispatch.ug/2018/06/08/entebbe-expressway-commissioned-next-week/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614054604/http://dispatch.ug/2018/06/08/entebbe-expressway-commissioned-next-week/ |archive-date=14 June 2018 |access-date=15 June 2018 |publisher=Uganda Dispatch}}</ref> Hanyar da aka kammala dole ne ta jira shigar da fasahar biyan kuɗi a wuraren biyan kuɗi da kuma wuce dokar da ta ba da izinin ginin da amfani da hanyoyin biyan kuɗi.<ref name="Fnl" /> An sanya sabon ranar kammalawa a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Musisi |first=Frederic |date=17 June 2018 |title=Museveni Launches Entebbe Expressway |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Museveni-launches-Entebbe-Expressway/688334-4616384-pbg3wq/index.html |access-date=18 June 2018}}</ref> Koyaya, babbar hanyar ta buɗe ga jama'a, ta fara aiki a ranar 15 ga Yuni 2018.<ref name="19R">{{Cite web |last=Tamale |first=Raymond |date=23 June 2018 |title=Why Ugandans are excited about the new highway |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Why-Ugandans-are-excited-about-the-new-highway/2560-4627692-81epg2z/index.html |access-date=24 June 2018}}</ref> An sa ran cewa tattara kudaden haraji a kan wannan babbar hanyar zai fara a watan Janairun 2020. <ref name="TollR">{{Cite web |last=Paul Ampurire |date=18 September 2019 |title=Collection Of Toll Fees On Kampala Entebbe Expressway To Start January 2020 |url=https://www.softpower.ug/collection-of-toll-fees-on-kampala-entebbe-expressway-to-start-january-2020/ |access-date=20 September 2019 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda |place=Kampala}}</ref><ref name="21R">{{Cite web |last=Jonathan Kamoga |date=23 September 2019 |title=Uganda Road Toll To Start In January |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Uganda-road-toll-to-start-in-January/2560-5283072-151faqtz/index.html |access-date=23 September 2019 |place=Nairobi}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2021, Daily Monitor ta ba da rahoton cewa an zaɓi kamfanin Faransa na Egis Road Operation SA, memba na Ƙungiyar Egis Group, don tsarawa, shigarwa, aiki da kula da tsarin tattara haraji na babbar hanyar. Kamfanin zai riƙe kashi na kudaden haraji don musayar ayyukansa.<ref name="EgisR">{{Cite web |last=Arthur Arnold Wadero |date=18 February 2021 |title=French firm to collect road toll on Entebbe Expressway |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/french-firm-to-collect-road-toll-on-entebbe-expressway-3296450 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> Tarin kudaden haraji a kan babbar hanyar, daga USh:5,000 (US $ 1.4) zuwa USh: 18,000 (US $ 5.00), dangane da girman abin hawa, ya fara ne a ranar 8 ga Janairun 2022.<ref name="CollectR">{{Cite web |last=Jonathan Kamoga |title=Uganda starts collecting road toll on Kampala-Entebbe road |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/uganda-starts-collecting-road-tolls-3676120 |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=[[The East African]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108155246/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/uganda-starts-collecting-road-tolls-3676120 |archive-date=8 January 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2022, Egis Roads Operation SA ya fara aiwatar da shigar da fitilun titi tare da dukkan tituna 51 (32 . <ref name="LightR">{{Cite web |last=Noelyn Nassuuna |date=25 March 2022 |title=Over 1,000 Poles, Lamps, Procured To Light Up Entebbe Expressway |url=https://www.kfm.co.ug/news/over-1000-polls-lamps-procured-to-light-up-entebbe-expressway.html |access-date=26 March 2022 |website=93.3 KFM Uganda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325091308/https://www.kfm.co.ug/news/over-1000-polls-lamps-procured-to-light-up-entebbe-expressway.html |archive-date=25 March 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, ''PML Daily'' ta ruwaito cewa Egis, kamfanin kula da hanya, ya tara sama da USh13 biliyan (kimanin US $ 3.5 miliyan), a cikin watanni biyar na farko na aiki, matsakaicin motoci 20,000 a kowace rana.<ref name="Rev1R">{{Cite web |last=Javira Ssebwami |date=30 May 2022 |title=Kampala-Entebbe Expressway: EGIS road operation Uganda at 1! |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/investigations/special-reports/2022/05/kampala-entebbe-expressway-egis-road-operation-uganda-at-1.html |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=PML Daily}}</ref><ref name="Rev2R">{{Cite web |last=Ceasar Abangirah |date=24 May 2022 |title=Road safety remains a priority at Kampala - Entebbe Expressway |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/prosper/road-safety-remains-a-priority-at-kampala-entebbe-expressway-3830640 |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> == Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa == Abubuwan da ke biyowa suna kan ko kusa da Entebbe-Kampala Expressway: <ref name="18R">{{Cite web |last=Leni |first=Xanthia |date=13 June 2018 |title=After 72 months, Kampala–Entebbe Expressway launches Friday |url=http://www.pmldaily.com/investigations/special-reports/2018/06/kampala-entebbe-express-way-launches-friday.html |access-date=15 June 2018 |publisher=PML Daily}}</ref> * garin Entebbe a cikin Gundumar Wakiso * ƙauyen Abayita Ababiri a cikin Gundumar Wakiso * al'ummar Akright City a cikin Gundumar Wakiso * ƙauyen Kabojja a cikin Gundumar Wakiso * unguwar Busega a cikin Lubaga Division a cikin birnin Kampala, inda babbar hanyar za ta haɗu da Kampala Northern Bypass HighwayKampala Arewacin Hanyar Hanyar Hadin Gida * unguwar Kajjansi a cikin Gundumar Wakiso, inda wani bangare na babbar hanyar zai rabu zuwa Munyonyo, a arewacin Tekun Victoria * unguwar Munyonyo a cikin Makindye Division, a Kampala, inda wani bangare na babbar hanyar ya ƙare <ref name="18R" /> == Lambobin motoci == An gabatar da zirga-zirgar motoci da ke shiga babbar hanyar tun daga watan Janairun 2022. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna yanayin zirga-zirga a fadin wannan hanya.<ref name="28R">{{Cite web |last=The Independent, Uganda |date=22 August 2022 |title=Gov’t not hitting Entebbe Expressway targets |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/govt-not-hitting-entebbe-expressway-targets/ |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]}}</ref>{{Historical populations|Jan|480,234|Feb|574,629|Mar|594,124|Apr|557,066|May|627,479|Jun|590,582|Jul|594,775|Aug||Sep||Oct||Nov||Dec||||}} == Dubi kuma == * [[Kampala|Gundumar Kampala]] * Ssabagabo * Gundumar Wakiso * [[Jerin hanyoyi a Uganda]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d3jrssfyvv64omznusr5xkv0tryvqq9 0 179218 975298 967510 2026-11-02T18:17:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975298 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Federal Government Girls’ College, Bajoga''' makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnatin tarayya da aka ware domin ilimin ’yan mata, wadda take a [[Bajoga]], ƙaramar hukumar Funakaye, [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Makarantar tana cikin jerin kwalejojin haɗin kai na gwamnatin tarayya (Federal Unity Colleges) da Ma’aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya ta wallafa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Federal Unity Colleges |url=https://education.gov.ng/federal-unity-colleges/ |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education |access-date=14 October 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ilimi da ayyukan makaranta == Makarantar tana ba da ilimin sakandare ga ɗalibai mata. Shafinta na yanar gizo ya bayyana cewa tana mai da hankali kan nasarar karatu, kyawawan ɗabi’u, ƙwarewar rayuwa da bunƙasa baiwar ɗalibai. Haka kuma, tana gudanar da ayyukan ƙarin karatu kamar wasanni, fasaha da kulob ɗin kimiyyar kwamfuta da fasahar mutum-mutumi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Federal Government Girls College Bajoga |url=https://fggcbajoga.sch.ng/ |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Fasahar sadarwa == Asusun Samar da Ayyukan Sadarwa na Ƙasa (Universal Service Provision Fund, USPF) ya jera makarantar cikin ayyukan samar da cibiyoyin ilimi da damar amfani da fasahar sadarwa a yankin Arewa maso Gabas, tare da shekarar 2010 a matsayin shekarar aikin da aka rubuta.<ref>{{cite web |title=North East Projects |url=https://uspf.gov.ng/projects/north-east |publisher=Universal Service Provision Fund |access-date=14 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 2fuuycdy4rq06o5kvmidc1727o7t64f 0 179402 975423 968322 2026-11-03T01:15:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975423 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gidan Shugabannin''' (ko Gidan Shuwagabannin Al'ada) taro ne na Bayan mulkin mallaka, ko dai majalisa ko mai ba da shawara, wanda ko dai gwamnatin ƙasa ko yanki ta amince da shi kamar yadda ya kunsa kuma ya samar da muryar jama'a ga hukumomin kabilanci kafin mulkin mallaka. Kodayake sau da yawa suna da tasiri a cikin al'adun 'yan asalin ƙasar, membobinta ba sa aiki a matsayin babban tsarin doka na zamani (cf. British House of Lords), ba su da wakilci (watau zaɓaɓɓen dimokuradiyya) ko kuma sun ƙunshi membobin da gwamnati da ke mulki ta nada, ko na dimokuradiya ko a'a. Ya ƙunshi duka ko wasu daga cikin "shugabannin gargajiya", sarakuna da sarakuna na tarihi, na ƙasa ko karamin yanki. Gidan Shugabannin ba, bisa tsarin mulki, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta a cikin ƙungiyar siyasa ba. Ana zaɓar membobin Majalisar Shugabannin ba ta hanyar tsarin Zaɓin duniya na waɗanda suke wakilta ba ko kuma ta hanyar zartarwa ko majalisa da suke ba da shawara: Ayyukansu shine bayyana al'adu, tarihi da / ko kabilanci game da manufofin jama'a. Tsarin da mutane suka cancanci zama memba ya bambanta, amma ya dogara ne akan al'adar da ta dace da ita (misali Sarauniyar Rain) al'ummar tarihi ko kabilanci. Wani lokaci ana samun matsayin cancanta ta hanyar gado a cikin [[daular]] gida, wani lokacin ta hanyar zaɓe ta hanyar yarjejeniya ta al'ada ko al'umma mai daraja na al'umma, kuma wani lokacin ta na haɗuwa da shi. A tarihi, sarakuna sune sarakunan 'yan asalin na ƙarshe kafin mulkin mallaka na mutane, kuma sau da yawa sassan su na zamani suna ci gaba da taka rawar al'adu ta gida ta bambancin mahimmanci. Musamman a zamanin mulkin mallaka, ana amfani da sarakuna a matsayin kayan aiki na mulkin kai tsaye, da / ko hanyoyin da suka dace ga cibiyoyin zaɓaɓɓu. == Misalan == A cikin zamanin mulkin mallaka, gidaje daban-daban na Shugabannin da irin waɗannan tarurruka sun wanzu a kasashe daban-daban: === Afirka === * A [[Botswana]], ''Ntlo da Dikgosi'', wanda aka fi sani da House of Chiefs . * A [[Ghana]], Majalisar Shugabannin Kasa, tana wakiltar gidajen Shugabannin yanki daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitution of the Republic of Ghana: Chapter Twenty-Two: Chieftaincy |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/constitution.php?id=Gconst22.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420193404/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/constitution.php?id=Gconst22.html |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=12 August 2016 |website=Ghanaweb.com}}</ref> * A [[Najeriya]], akwai Gidajen Shugabannin da yawa a [[Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta farko]]. A zamanin yau, jihohi daban-daban na Tarayyar kowannensu yana da Majalisar Jiha ta Shugabannin gargajiya da Shugabannin. ** Har ila yau, a baya, a cikin Jamusanci, Burtaniya da kuma [[Kudancin Kamaru]] na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jua |first=Nantang Ben |year=1995 |title=Indirect Rule In Colonial And Post-Colonial Cameroon |url=http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Chilver/Paideuma/paideuma-Indirec-2.html |journal=Paideuma |location=Stuttgart |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |volume=41 |access-date=12 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030223613/http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/chilver/paideuma/paideuma-Indirec-2.html |archive-date=30 October 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * A [[Somaliland]], membobin House of Elders sun ƙunshi sarakuna daban-daban na Somaliland. * A [[Afirka ta Kudu]], gidan mulkin mallaka na Shugabannin ya ɓace, amma, bayan wariyar launin fata, an farfado da nau'ikan da aka shirya, da farko a cikin [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Jam'iyyar ANC]] mai mulki, sannan a [[KwaZulu-Natal|KwaZulu Natal]]. Majalisar Shugabannin gargajiya ta kasa a hukumance tana ba da shawara ga shugabancin a yau kuma tana kunshe da mambobi 23, yayin da Majalisa ta Shugabannin gargajiya na Afirka ta Kudu a halin yanzu ke aiki a matsayin mafi yawan jama'a, wanda ba na gwamnati ba. * A [[Zambiya|Zambia]], bisa ga kundin tsarin mulki na 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=1996 Constitution of Zambia - Part XIII (Chiefs and House of Chiefs) |url=http://www.thezambian.com/Constitution/1996partxiii.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120235009/http://www.thezambian.com/Constitution/1996partxiii.aspx |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=12 August 2016 |website=The Zambian}}</ref> * A [[Zimbabwe]], Majalisar Shugabannin Zimbabwe. === Pacific === * A cikin [[Tsibirin Cook]], Gidan Ariki * A [[Fiji]], Babban Majalisar Shugabannin (kada a rikita shi da Gidan Shugabannin, wanda ba shi da wani matsayi na al'ada) * A cikin tsohuwar Masarautar Hawaii, ''Hale o na Alii o Hawaii'' . * A cikin [[Tsibiran Mashal|Tsibirin Marshall]], Majalisar Iroij. * A Micronesia, ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ciki har da majalisun gargajiya a Yap * A cikin [[Nauru]], Majalisar Shugabannin * A [[Palau]], Majalisar Shugabannin. * A cikin [[Tsibiran Solomon|Tsibirin Solomon]], ''Gela Vaukolu'' . * A cikin [[Vanuatu]], Malvatu Mauri === Sauran wurare === An kuma yi amfani da kalmar don irin wannan taron kafin da bayan mulkin mallaka na shugabannin kabilanci, kamar tsakanin wasu kabilun 'Yan asalin Amurka. [yanawa da ake buƙata]  == Sauran hanyoyin == Wata hanyar da za a haɗa shugabannin gargajiya a rayuwar siyasa ta al'umma ita ce a ba su kujeru da yawa a cikin babban taro. A [[Zimbabwe]], alal misali, an zaɓi sarakuna goma don zama membobin Majalisar Dattijai, babban gidan majalisar dokokin kasar. Daga 1990 zuwa 2005, an wakilce su a Majalisar (yanzu ƙananan gida) lokacin da ita ce kawai majalisar dokoki. == Bayanan da aka ambata == n38datp2dddu32uj376so8tij1snzyp 0 179783 975323 970453 2026-11-02T20:07:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:ZhouHuibin_RohdeAngelika_BuneaFlorentina_MFO22546.jpg|thumb|Hagu zuwa dama: Huibin Zhou, Angelika Rohde, da Florentina Bunea sun shirya 2018 MFO Workshop Matrix Estimation Meets Statistical Network Analysis.]] '''Florentina Bunea''' masanin lissafi ne na Romania-Amurka, mai sha'awar ilmantarwa na inji, ka'idar matakai masu mahimmanci, da ƙididdigar girma. {{R|born}}Ita farfesa ce a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] . == Ilimi da aiki == Bunea ta sami digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Bucharest a shekarar 1989 da 1991. Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a Jami'ar Politehnica ta Bucharest daga 1991 zuwa 1995, ta koma karatun digiri a Jami'an Washington.  {{R|cv}}Ta sami Ph.D. a can a shekara ta 2000; Jon A. Wellner ne ya kula da rubutun ta, A Model Selection Approach to Partially Linear Regression.  {{R|mg}} Ta shiga bangaren kididdiga a Jami'ar Jihar Florida a shekara ta 2000, kuma ta koma Jami'ar Cornell a shekara ta 2011.  {{R|cv|fsu}}{{R|cv|corn}}A Cornell, ta kasance memba ne na ma'aikata a Ma'aikatar Kididdiga da Kimiyya ta Bayanai, memba ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi da Kungiyar Ilimin Injin a Cornell Computing da Kimiyya (CIS). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-09 |title=Florentina Bunea |url=https://stat.cornell.edu/people/florentina-bunea |access-date=2019-10-06 |website=Cornell University Department of Statistics and Data Science |language=en}}</ref> == Sanarwa == A cikin 2017, an zabi Bunea a matsayin Fellow na Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi.  {{R|cv|fims}} == Manazarta == <references> <ref name="born">Birth year from [http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2013079029.html Library of Congress catalog entry], retrieved 2018-12-02.</ref> <ref name="corn">{{citation|url=https://auth.cengr.commonspotcloud.com/research/faculty/new.cfm?s_id=320|title=Florentina Bunea|work=New Faculty|publisher=Cornell University|year=2011|accessdate=2018-12-02|archive-date=2018-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203055957/https://auth.cengr.commonspotcloud.com/research/faculty/new.cfm?s_id=320|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="cv">{{citation|url=https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/fb238/CVBUNEA-2017.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314162053/https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/fb238/CVBUNEA-2017.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 14, 2018|title=Curriculum vitae|year=2017|accessdate=2018-12-02}}</ref> <ref name="fsu">{{citation|url=https://ani.stat.fsu.edu/newsletter/2001a.pdf|title=Dr. Florentina Bunea Joins the Department|magazine=Statistics Newsletter|publisher=Florida State University Department of Statistics|volume=4|date=Fall 2000|page=1}}</ref> <ref name="mg">{{mathgenealogy|id=58926}}</ref> <ref name="fims">{{citation|url=https://www.imstat.org/honored-ims-fellows/|title=Honored Fellows|publisher=Institute of Mathematical Statistics|accessdate=2018-12-02}}</ref> </references> == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140615215715/https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/fb238/ Shafin farko] * Florentina Buneawallafe-wallafen da aka jera taMasanin Google [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] gs536yl6t1kzge7vx9mcv5ymwy7haz2 0 179955 975489 971279 2026-11-03T08:02:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gundumar Chicualacuala''' ([[Harshen Portuguese|Portuguese]]) wani yanki ne na Lardin Gaza a kudu maso yammacin [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] . Yana da yawan mutane 41,638 () kuma yana rufe murabba'in kilomita 18,155 (7,010 mi2). <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=Perfil do Distrito do Chicualacuala |url=http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/content/download/2954/23822/version/1/file/Chicualacuala.pdf |access-date=24 October 2016 |publisher=Ministry of State Administration |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Yawan jama'a na Gundumar Chicualacuala mazauna 2.1 a kowace murabba'in kilomita, ƙasa da matsakaicin 17.5 a Lardin Gaza. Gundumar ita ce garin Chicualacuala . Gundumar Chicuacuala tana da iyaka zuwa arewa da Gundumar Massangena, zuwa gabas da Gunduma ta Chigubo, zuwa kudu maso yamma da Gundumar Mabalane, zuwa kudu da Gundumar Massingir, zuwa kudu yamma da [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma zuwa arewa maso yamma da [[Zimbabwe]].<ref name="profile" /> Gida ce ga ƙauyuka da yawa a gefen [[Kogin Limpopo]] ciki har da Dumela, Mbuzi, Kunguma, Mawene, Xicumba, Xicumbane, Ngala, Panhame, Mabuzane, da Xitshutswini. == Yanayin ƙasa == Dukan gundumar tana cikin kwandon ruwa na Limpopo, kuma Kogin Limpopo yana gudana ta cikin gundumar. Sauran manyan koguna a cikin gundumar sune [[Kogin Mwenezi|Kogin Nuanetzi]], [[Chefu River|Kogin Chefu]], [[Munene River|Kogin Munene]], da [[Singuédzi River|Kogin Singuédzi]] . Wannan na ƙarshe ya sanya iyaka da Gundumar Massingir . <ref name="profile" /> Yanayin yanayi ne mai zafi da kuma rabin busasshiyar, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara wanda ya bambanta tsakanin 500 millimeters (20 in) da 800 millimeters (31 in). <ref name="profile" /> Gidan shakatawa na Banhine, wani ɓangare na Babban Gidan shakata na Limpopo, an raba shi tsakanin Gundumar Chigubo, Chicualacuala, da Mabalane. Yankin wurin shakatawa a cikin Gundumar Chicualacuala yana da murabba'in kilomita ,400 (930 mi2). [[Gidan shakatawa na Limpopo]], wanda kuma yana daga cikin Babban Gidan shakata na Limpope, an raba shi tsakanin Gundumar Massingir, Chicualacuala, da Mabalane. Yankin wurin shakatawa a cikin Gundumar Chicualacuala yana da murabba'in kilomita 6,400 (,500 mi2). <ref name="profile_mabalane">{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=Perfil do Distrito de Mabalane |url=http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/content/download/2960/23852/version/1/file/Mabalane.pdf |access-date=25 October 2016 |publisher=Ministry of State Administration |language=Portuguese |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221155546/http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/content/download/2960/23852/version/1/file/Mabalane.pdf |archive-date=21 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == Ya zuwa shekara ta 2005, kashi 47% na yawan mutanen gundumar ba su kai shekaru 15 ba. Kashi 25% na yawan jama'a suna magana da Portuguese. Harshen da aka fi sani da shi a cikin jama'a shine [[Harshen Tsonga|Tsonga]]. 69% sun kasance analphabetic, galibi mata.<ref name="profile" /> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == Gundumar ta kasu kashi uku, Chicualacuala (birane uku), Mapai (birane huɗu), da [[Pafuri, Mozambique|Pafuri]] (birane biyu). <ref name="profile" /> * Chicualacuala: ** [[Vila Eduardo Mondlane]] ** [[Chicualacuala B]] ** [[Litlatlha]] ** [[Mahatlane]] * Taswirar: ** [[Chidulo]] ** [[16 de Junho (Mozambique)|16 ga Yuni]] ** [[M'Ponze]] ** [[Mapai-Rio|Taswirar Ruwa]] * [[Pafuri, Mozambique|Pafuri]]: ** [[Mbuzi]] ** [[Mungumbane]] == Tattalin Arziki == === Aikin noma === A cikin gundumar, akwai gonaki 6,000, tare da kashi 60% da ke amfa da ƙasa da hekta 2 (0.0077 mi2) na ƙasa. Babban kayan aikin gona sune masara, [[Rogo|cassava]], cowpea, man shanu, da dankali mai zaki. Yawan shanu, aladu, tumaki, da awaki suna ci gaba da girma kafin shekara ta 2005.<ref name="profile" /> === Sufuri === Akwai hanyar sadarwa a cikin gundumar wanda ya haɗa da hanyar ƙasa ta EN340 zuwa Chokwe, da kuma kilomita 268 (167 na hanyoyi na biyu. [[Limpopo Railroad|Hanyar jirgin kasa ta Limpopo]] (Kudancin Tsarin) tana ratsa gundumar.<ref name="profile" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|22|05|S|31|41|E|region:MZ_type:adm1st}} krw1ndh0fhpf0ugy0i4y4eyu9hp9bw5 0 180072 975486 971857 2026-11-03T07:15:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975486 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tucson_Federal_Courthouse.jpg|thumb|Kotun Tarayya a Tucson, AZ inda ake gudanar da ayyukan Operation Streamline.]] '''Operation Streamline''' wani shiri ne na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Ma’aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka (Department of Homeland Security) da Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta Amurka (Department of Justice), wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 2005. Shirin yana amfani da tsarin “rashin sassauci ko kaɗan” (zero-tolerance) wajen hukunta mutanen da suka ketare iyakar ƙasar ba tare da izini ba, ta hanyar gurfanar da su a gaban kotu bisa zargin aikata laifi. Ana iya gurfanar da mutane har 70 a lokaci guda, kuma a wasu lokuta ana ɗaure su da sarƙoƙi yayin da suke cikin kotun. Shiga ƙasar ba tare da an gudanar da binciken shige da fice ba laifi ne mai ƙaramin hukunci (misdemeanor), yayin da sake shiga ƙasar bayan an kora mutum daga cikinta laifi ne mai tsanani (felony).<ref name="flake2">{{cite web |last=Flake |first=Jeff |author-link=Jeff Flake |date=March 19, 2015 |title=Flake, McCain Introduce Resolution on Operation Streamline. Legislation stresses importance of maintaining prosecution of first-time illegal border crossers |url=http://www.flake.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2015/3/flake-mccain-introduce-resolution-on-operation-streamline |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924013625/http://www.flake.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2015/3/flake-mccain-introduce-resolution-on-operation-streamline |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |access-date=August 14, 2015}}</ref><ref name="hrw2">{{cite web |date=July 28, 2015 |title=US: Reject Mass Migrant Prosecutions. 'Operation Streamline' Program Unjust, Wasteful |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/07/28/us-reject-mass-migrant-prosecutions |access-date=August 14, 2015 |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref><ref name="huffpo">{{cite news |last=Planas |first=Roque |date=February 20, 2015 |title=Operation Streamline, Immigration Enforcement Program, Protested In Arizona And Texas |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/20/operation-streamline-protest-tucson-arizona-texas_n_2724637.html |access-date=August 14, 2015 |work=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="mpi2">{{cite web |last1=Kerwin |first1=Donald |last2=McCabe |first2=Kristen |date=April 29, 2010 |title=Arrested on Entry: Operation Streamline and the Prosecution of Immigration Crimes |url=http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/arrested-entry-operation-streamline-and-prosecution-immigration-crimes |access-date=August 14, 2015 |publisher=[[Migration Policy Institute]]}}</ref> Bayan ƙaddamar da Streamline a wani bangare na yankin iyakar Texas / Mexico a cikin shekara ta 2005, yawan masu aikata laifuka don ƙetare iyaka ba bisa ka'ida ba da / ko sake shiga ya ninka sau huɗu daga kusan 4,000 a kowace shekara a farkon 2000s zuwa 16,000 a cikin shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2018 |title=The remarkable history of the family separation crisis |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/18/politics/donald-trump-immigration-policies-q-and-a/index.html |website=[[cnn.com]]}}</ref> Shirin ya fadada zuwa wasu bangarori da yawa a lokacin wa'adin farko na gwamnatin Obama da kuma jimlar gurfanar da aka yi a karo na farko masu laifi sun ninka sau uku zuwa 44,000 a cikin 2010 kuma daga 2013, wannan adadin ya ninka sau biyu zuwa mafi girma na 97,000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2018 |title=The remarkable history of the family separation crisis |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/18/politics/donald-trump-immigration-policies-q-and-a/index.html |website=[[cnn.com]]}}</ref> == Manufofin == An kirkiro Operation Streamline tare da manufar yaki da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi, fataucin makamai, smuggling mutane, da sake maimaita Shige da fice ba bisa ka'ida ba zuwa Amurka.<ref name="berkeley">{{Cite web |last=Lydgate |first=Joanna |date=January 1, 2010 |title=Assembly-line justice: a review of Operation Streamline |url=https://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/Operation_Streamline_Policy_Brief.pdf |access-date=August 17, 2015}}</ref> Babban burinta shine cimma 100% aikata laifuka na ƙetare iyaka ba tare da izini ba.<ref name="grassroots">{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2012 |title=Operation Streamline: Costs and Consequences |url=http://grassrootsleadership.org/sites/default/files/uploads/GRL_Sept2012_Report-final.pdf |access-date=August 19, 2015 |publisher=Grassroots Leadership |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119015411/http://grassrootsleadership.org/sites/default/files/uploads/GRL_Sept2012_Report-final.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Bayani na shirin == === Yankunan aiki === Duk jihohin da ke kan iyakar Amurka da Mexico sai dai California sun aiwatar da shirin.<ref name="mpi">{{Cite web |last=Kerwin |first=Donald |last2=McCabe |first2=Kristen |date=April 29, 2010 |title=Arrested on Entry: Operation Streamline and the Prosecution of Immigration Crimes |url=http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/arrested-entry-operation-streamline-and-prosecution-immigration-crimes |access-date=August 14, 2015 |publisher=[[Migration Policy Institute]]}}</ref><ref name="berkeley" /><ref name="grassroots-gp">{{Cite web |title=Operation Streamline: Drowning Justice and Draining Dollars along the Rio Grande |url=http://grassrootsleadership.org/sites/default/files/uploads/Operation-Streamline-Green-Paper.pdf |access-date=August 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125756/http://grassrootsleadership.org/sites/default/files/uploads/Operation-Streamline-Green-Paper.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2010, shirin ya fara aiki a cikin bangarorin iyaka masu zuwa: Del Rio, Texas, Yuma, Arizona, [[Laredo, Texas]], Tucson, Arizona, [[El Paso, Texas]], Las Cruces, New Mexico, McAllen, Texas, da Brownsville, Texas. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014, bangarorin Tucson, Del Rio, da Laredo ne kawai suka ci gaba da shiga cikin Streamline. Koyaya, bangarorin kan iyaka waɗanda suka dakatar da shirin Operation Streamline har yanzu suna ci gaba da gurfanar da laifin 8 USC § 1325 - shigar da ba daidai ba ta hanyar shari'o'in baƙi.<ref name="DHS">{{Cite web |title=Streamline: Measuring Its Effect on Illegal Border Crossing |url=https://www.oig.dhs.gov/assets/Mgmt/2015/OIG_15-95_May15.pdf |access-date=August 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121043259/https://www.oig.dhs.gov/assets/Mgmt/2015/OIG_15-95_May15.pdf |archive-date=November 21, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Shari'ar aikata laifuka na shigarwa da sake shiga ba bisa ka'ida ba === A karkashin Operation Streamline, wadanda aka kama a cikin aikin tsallaka iyakar Amurka ba tare da izini ba za a iya tara su kuma a gurfanar da su. Wannan ya bambanta da manufofin tarihi na kamawa da saki har ma da manufofin korar mutane ta hanyar hanzarin cirewa ko bayan aiwatar da cirewa. A karkashin Operation Streamline, ana aiwatar da keta doka da fice a karkashin tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka.<ref name="hrw">{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2015 |title=US: Reject Mass Migrant Prosecutions. 'Operation Streamline' Program Unjust, Wasteful |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/07/28/us-reject-mass-migrant-prosecutions |access-date=August 14, 2015 |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref> Hukuncin da Operation Streamline ke ɗauka ga baƙi kamar haka: <ref name="berkeley" /> * Ana gurfanar da masu laifi na farko saboda shigar da doka ba bisa ka'ida ba (8 USC Sashe na 1325) wanda ke ɗauke da matsakaicin hukuncin watanni shida. * Duk wani baƙo wanda aka fitar da shi a baya kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya sake shiga ba tare da izini ba za a iya tuhumar shi da sake shiga cikin laifi wanda ke ɗauke da hukuncin shekaru biyu amma zai iya haɗawa har zuwa shekaru 20 idan baƙo yana da rikodin laifi. Kimanin kashi 99% na mutanen da aka gurfanar a karkashin Operation Streamline sun yi ikirarin laifi.<ref name="berkeley" /> A cewar The Washington Post, wannan saboda wadanda suka yi ikirarin laifi na iya samun gajeren lokacin kurkuku fiye da iyakar ka'idoji, yayin da wadanda ba su yi ikirarin aikata laifi na iya kusantar iyakar hukuncin. Kudin shekara-shekara na Operation Streamline a [[Arizona]] kadai an kiyasta shi a matsayin dala miliyan 120 don shari'ar kotu da dala miliyan 50 don tsare da ɗaurin kurkuku.<ref name="nmd">{{Cite web |date=March 1, 2012 |title=Fact Sheet: Operation Streamline |url=http://forms.nomoredeaths.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/nmd_fact_sheet_operation_streamline.pdf |access-date=August 17, 2015 |publisher=No More Deaths}}</ref> === Gudanarwa da saurin sarrafa shari'o'i === Wani fasalin bambancin Operation Streamline shine cewa ba a jin shari'o'i daban-daban ba, amma a cikin manyan kungiyoyi, tare da mutane da yawa da aka kama suna ƙetare iyaka tare gabaɗaya ana sarrafa su a cikin shari'a ɗaya.<ref name="hrw" /> A cewar wani rahoto na ''[[New York Times]]'', shari'ar kotu guda daya a Tucson, Arizona na iya samun har zuwa masu tuhuma 70, iyakar sama da aka saita ta hanyar ikon kotu. Lokacin da aka dauka don yanke hukunci ya bambanta tsakanin minti 30 (ko 25 seconds ga kowane wanda ake tuhuma) da 2 hours 35 minutes (ko kadan fiye da 2 minutes ga kowane wanda aka tuhuma). <ref name="nytimes" /> === Dangantaka da cirewa da sauri === Gudanar da hanzari hanya ce ta cirewa inda mutumin da ya shiga Amurka kwanan nan ba tare da izini ba kuma bai cancanci wasu takamaiman keɓancewa ba za a iya cire shi ba tare da ya shiga cikin tsarin cirewa na yau da kullun ba. Mutumin da aka yanke masa hukunci ta hanyar Operation Streamline na iya zama mai saurin cirewa bayan kammala lokacinsa a kurkuku.<ref name="oser">{{Cite web |last=Puhl |first=Emily |title=Prosecuting the Persecuted: How Operation Streamline and Expedited Removal Violate Article 31 of the Convention on the Status of Refugees and 1967 Protocol |url=http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1263&context=blrlj |publisher=Berkeley La Raza Law Journal |access-date=2026-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716194735/https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1263&context=blrlj |archive-date=2018-07-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Cirewa da sauri na iya amfani ba kawai ga mutanen da Amurka ta kama ba a cikin aikin ƙetare iyaka har ma da mutanen da suka ƙetare kan iyaka kwanan nan kuma suna zaune a Amurka. Har ila yau, kodayake ana iya amfani da cirewa da sauri ''bayan'' gurfanar da laifi ta hanyar Operation Streamline, kanta hanya ce ta gudanarwa kuma ba ta haɗa da tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka ba. Dangane da tarihin tarihi, ƙaddamar da Operation Streamline ya fara ne a lokacin da aka kammala ƙaddamar da saurin cirewa. An fadada cirewa da sauri zuwa dukkan bangarorin kan iyaka a watan Satumbar 2005 da kuma duk yankin kan iyaka ta watan Maris na shekara ta 2006, yayin da aka kaddamar da Operation Streamline a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2005. === Dangantaka da sake dawo da cirewa === Maido da cirewa hanya ce ta cirewa inda mutumin da ke da umarnin cirewa na baya kuma daga baya ya bar Amurka, sannan ya sake shiga ba tare da izini ba, ana iya cire shi ta hanyar "maidowa" umarnin da ya gabata. Kamar cirewa da sauri, hanya ce ta gudanarwa wacce ba ta haɗa da tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka ba. Kamar cirewa da sauri, ana iya amfani da shi ga mutumin da ke maimaita shigarwa ba tare da izini ba bayan mutumin ya shiga cikin tsarin kotu na Operation Streamline. === Dangantaka da tsoro mai gaskiya === Bisa ka'ida, mutumin da ke ƙarƙashin tuhumar aikata laifuka ta hanyar Operation Streamline ya kamata ya sami damar neman mafaka kuma ya shirya don hira mai tsoro. Koyaya, saboda saurin aiwatar da waɗannan shari'o'in, mutane da yawa ba sa samun wannan damar, kuma suna iya yin aiki a kurkuku duk da cewa sun cancanci neman mafaka. Bayan an kammala wa'adin kurkuku kuma ana aiwatar da su don cire su da sauri, ana tambayar su idan suna so su nemi mafaka kuma, idan haka ne, an shirya su don hira mai tsoro.<ref name="oser" /> == Tarihi == === Farko a Del Rio (Disamba 2005) === Wani nau'i na farko na Operation Streamline ya gabatar da shi ta hanyar Amurka Border Patrol don Del Rio, Texas don mayar da martani ga karuwar yawan wadanda ba 'yan gudun hijira ba na Mexico ba, daga 10,000 a 2004 zuwa 15,000 a 2005.<ref name="grassroots" /> Ofishin Lauyan Amurka na Yammacin Gundumar Texas ya nemi a canza shawarar: don kauce wa yin rikici da kariya iri daya, kotuna za su buƙaci gurfanar da dukkan baƙi, ba kawai daga Mexico ba.<ref name="grassroots" /> Lura cewa wasu shirye-shiryen da suka danganci, kamar hanyar cirewa da sauri, suna bi da mutane daban-daban bisa ga ƙasa: waɗanda suka fito daga Mexico ko Kanada ba tare da rikodin aikata laifuka ba su da saurin cirewa, yayin da mutane daga wasu ƙasashe na iya kasancewa cikin saurin cire su duk da rashin rikodin aikata laifi. Koyaya, tanadin waɗannan shirye-shiryen ba sa fuskantar daidaitattun kariya saboda ba a gudanar da su ta hanyar tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka. Bayan amincewa daga Sakataren Tsaro na Cikin Gida na lokacin Michael Chertoff, Operation Streamline ya fara aiki tun daga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2005: duk masu tsallaka iyaka da ba a ba da izini a yankin Eagle Pass na ɓangaren Del Rio za a gurfanar da su da laifi saboda shigarwa ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref name="grassroots" /> === Rubuta zuwa wasu bangarorin kan iyaka === Operation Streamline an fara shi a hankali a wasu sassan iyakar Amurka: <ref name="mpi" /><ref name="grassroots" /> * Yuma, Arizona a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006 * [[Laredo, Texas]] a watan Nuwamba 2007 * Tucson, Arizona a watan Janairun 2008 * McAllen, Texas da Brownsville, Texas (sashen Rio Grande Valley) a watan Yunin 2008 A shekara ta 2010, kowane bangare na iyakar Amurka da Mexico ba a California ba sun aiwatar da Operation Streamline . <ref name="grassroots" /> === Ƙalubalen Shari'a === A watan Disamba, 2009, an yanke shawarar a Amurka v. Roblero-Solis cewa manyan shari'o'in shari'a kamar wadanda ke cikin Operation Streamline sun keta Dokar 11 a cikin Dokokin Tarayya na Shari'a. Dokar 11 ta bayyana cewa kotun dole ne ta yanke shawarar cewa an yi ikirarin aikata laifi da son rai ta hanyar yin magana da wanda ake tuhuma da kansa a kotu. Shari'ar Roblero-Solis ta yanke shawarar cewa "da kansa" yana nufin cewa alƙali dole ne ya yi magana da wanda ake tuhuma a cikin mutum-da-mutum.<ref name="Nazarian">{{Cite journal |last=Nazarian |first=E. |date=2011 |title=Crossing Over: Assessing Operation Streamline and the Rights of Immigrant Criminal Defendants at the Border |url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/lla44&collection=journals&page=1399 |url-status=live |journal=Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review |volume=44 |pages=1399–1430 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623193834/https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals%2Flla44&collection=journals&page=1399 |archive-date=June 23, 2018 |access-date=December 21, 2020}} [http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2761&context=llr Alt URL]</ref> === zanga-zangar === Farawa a watan Fabrairun 2013, masu gwagwarmaya a [[Arizona]] da [[Texas]] sun nuna rashin amincewa da Operation Streamline, manyan jihohi biyu inda yake aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Operation Streamline |url=http://grassrootsleadership.org/OperationStreamline |access-date=August 23, 2015 |publisher=Grassroots Leadership |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907013636/http://grassrootsleadership.org/OperationStreamline |archive-date=September 7, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Steve |title=Civil Disobedience against Operation Streamline. Defendant Steve Johnston's moving court testimony details the immigration policy's disastrous human toll. |url=https://nacla.org/blog/2015/07/26/civil-disobedience-against-operation-streamline |publisher=NACLA}}</ref> === Shawarwarin Majalisar Dattijai na Jeff Flake da John McCain === Sanatocin Amurka Jeff Flake da [[John McCain]] sun gabatar da ƙudurin Majalisar Dattijai a watan Maris na shekara ta 2015 a Majalisar Dattijan Amurka ta 114 suna kira ga gwamnatin Obama da ta cire duk wani umarni ko manufofi da zai hana gurfanar da masu tsallaka kan iyaka na farko a karkashin wannan shirin.<ref name="flake">{{Cite web |last=Flake |first=Jeff |author-link=Jeff Flake |date=March 19, 2015 |title=Flake, McCain Introduce Resolution on Operation Streamline. Legislation stresses importance of maintaining prosecution of first-time illegal border crossers |url=http://www.flake.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2015/3/flake-mccain-introduce-resolution-on-operation-streamline |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924013625/http://www.flake.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2015/3/flake-mccain-introduce-resolution-on-operation-streamline |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |access-date=August 14, 2015}}</ref> Sanatoci Chuck Grassley da Ron Johnson ne suka dauki nauyin ƙudurin. == Karɓar baƙi == === Abubuwa na farko na zargi === Operation Streamline ya sami babban zargi daga kungiyoyin da suka damu game da haƙƙin baƙi, haƙƙin ɗan adam, tsarin da ya dace, da haƙƙin ɗan Adam. Wasu daga cikin manyan kusurwoyi na zargi sun kasance: * Operation Streamline ba daidai ba ne ya bi da keta dokokin shige da fice a matsayin batun laifi maimakon batun gudanarwa, yana mai da shi bai dace da sauran tsarin shige dafi ba.<ref name="berkeley" /><ref name="nmd" /> * Yin magana game da masu neman mafaka don gurfanar da laifi ta hanyar Operation Streamline ya keta wajibai na Amurka a karkashin Mataki na 31 (1) na Yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun hijira.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2015 |title=Joint letter to the Attorney General Lynch calling for end to illegal entry/reentry prosecutions at the border |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/07/28/joint-letter-attorney-general-lynch-calling-end-illegal-entry/reentry-prosecutions#_edn3 |access-date=July 16, 2018 |website=www.hrw.org}}</ref><ref name="puhl-p96-97">{{Cite journal |last=Emily Puhl |date=2015 |title=Prosecuting the Persecuted: How Operation Streamline and Expedited Removal Violate Article 31 of the Convention on the Status of Refugees and 1967 Protocol |url=https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1263&context=blrlj |url-status=dead |journal=La Raza L.J. |volume=25 |pages=87–109 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716194735/https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1263&context=blrlj |archive-date=July 16, 2018 |access-date=July 16, 2018}} Section ''IV. Article 31 on the status of refugees prohibits states from penalising refugees'', page 96–97.</ref> * Saurin aiwatar da shari'o'i a cikin Operation Streamline ya saba wa ruhun tsari mai kyau. A lokuta da yawa, mutanen da ke cikin Amurka ko mazauna dindindin, suna da'awar mafaka, ko kuma suna da wasu dalilai masu inganci don kasancewa a cikin doka a Amurka ba sa samun damar gabatar da shari'ar su.<ref name="berkeley" /><ref name="nmd" /> * Wannan rashin tsari mai kyau yana da babban tasiri ga waɗanda ke da da'awar halattacciyar mafaka amma suna fuskantar hanzari na cirewa, kamar yadda shingen da ya biyo baya daga sake shiga Amurka na shekaru biyar ya hana su neman mafaka idan sun sake shiga.<ref name="puhl-p96-97" /> * Operation Streamline yana amfani da albarkatun masu biyan haraji da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu suna shiga cikin tallafawa kamfanonin kurkuku masu zaman kansu, ba tare da yin bayyane ba don warware matsalar (na rage ƙetare iyaka ba tare da izini ba) wanda aka yi niyyar warwarewa. <ref name="berkeley" /> <ref name="grassroots" /> * Operation Streamline yana amfani da mahimman albarkatun Border Patrol, tsarin kurkuku na tarayya, da kotuna, don haka ya bar ƙananan albarkatu don yaki da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi da tashin hankali na kan iyaka. <ref name="berkeley" /> <ref name="grassroots" /> === Tsaron shirin === Jami'an Tsaro na Yankin Amurka da sauran rassan gwamnatin Amurka sun kare shirin a matsayin babban bangare na dabarun hanawa wanda suka yi imanin ya rage yawan ƙetare iyaka ba tare da izini ba.<ref name="grassroots" /> Mark Krikorian na Cibiyar Nazarin Shige da Fice, wani tanki mai tunani wanda ke ba da shawarar rage matakan shige da fice zuwa Amurka (duka doka da ba bisa ka'ida ba), ya kuma kare bukatar shirin da muhimmancin shi a cikin sharhi ga Christian Science Monitor.<ref name="csmonitor" /> 'Yan majalisa Jeff Flake da [[John McCain]], wadanda suka ba da shawarar ci gaba da fadada shirin, sun kare muhimmancinsa wajen kiyaye tsaron kasa na Amurka.<ref name="flake" /> === Tattaunawar shari'a === Alƙali Robert Brack, wanda ya jagoranci shari’o’in kotu da dama a ƙarƙashin shirin Operation Streamline a Las Cruces, New Mexico, ya nuna rashin gamsuwa da tsarin dokokin da aka wajabta masa aiwatarwa a ƙarƙashin wannan shiri.[1][2] Ya bayyana wa jaridar The Wall Street Journal ra’ayinsa game da abin da ake kira “bambancin Alƙali Brack”, inda ya ba da shawarar cewa duk wanda aka raba da iyalinsa bayan yanke masa hukunci ya kamata a ba shi damar komawa ƙasar tare da halatta zamansa a cikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2010 |title=Border Patrol Program Raises Due Process Concerns |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129780261 |access-date=August 23, 2015 |publisher=[[National Public Radio]]}}</ref><ref name="aclu">{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Kung |date=August 5, 2013 |title=Operation Streamline |url=https://www.aclu.org/blog/operation-streamline |access-date=August 23, 2015 |publisher=[[American Civil Liberties Union]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Cirewa da sauri tsari ne na cirewa da sauri inda za a iya fitar da wani wanda ke cikin Amurka ba tare da izini ba kuma ya isa bisa doka ba tare da aiwatar da cirewa ba. Ya shafi mutanen da suka riga sun kasance a Amurka ban da waɗanda aka kama a kan iyaka ko kuma an hana su shiga tashar jiragen ruwa da aka tsara. Koyaya, ba ya haɗa da wani zargi ''mai laifi'' akan mutumin da aka cire. Har ila yau, ba a amfani da shi ga mutanen Mexico ko Kanada sai dai idan suna da tarihin aikata laifuka. * Maido da cirewa tsari ne na cirewa da sauri inda wani wanda ya sake shiga bayan ya bar Amurka bayan an sake cire umarnin cirewa da ya gabata ta hanyar "maidowa" umarnin da ya gabata. Wannan ma hanya ce ta gudanarwa kuma ba ta haɗa da tuhumar laifi ba. * Tsoro mai gaskiya: Duk wanda ya nuna tsoron tsanantawa ko azabtarwa, ko neman mafaka, a kowane mataki na tsarin cirewa, na iya bayyana don hira mai tsoro inda jami'in da ke yin hira ya yi ƙoƙari ya tantance ko tsoron mutumin ya dace. Idan haka ne, mutum ba zai iya fuskantar saurin cirewa ba kuma dole ne ya shiga cikin tsarin cirewa na yau da kullun. * Shirin Tsaro na Yankin * Kamawa da saki (Manufar shige da fice ta Amurka) , wata yarjejeniya da hukumomin tilasta shige da shige dafi suka biyo baya a Amurka inda aka saki mutanen da aka kama saboda kasancewa cikin matsayin shige da ya fice ba bisa ka'ida ba yayin da suke jiran sauraro tare da alƙalin shige da Fice. * Manufofin raba iyali na gwamnatin Trump == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 635buwg2q5oph2afnbmmg2gfb6d2y91 0 180096 975467 972033 2026-11-03T06:00:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregoria Micaela Toledo Machín''' (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1969) wacce aka fi sani da '''Goya Toledo''', 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Mutanen Espanya kuma samfurin. Ta bayyana a cikin Amores perros, Killing Words, da ''13 Roses'' .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanitatis.elconfidencial.com/noticias/2015-02-08/goya-toledo-confiesa-en-la-alfombra-roja-que-se-ha-casado_704964/|title=Goya Toledo confiesa en la alfombra roja que se ha casado|first=Álex|last=Parrado|date=8 February 2015|website=Vanitatis.elconfidencial.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Gregoria Micaela Toledo Machín a Arrecife, Lanzarote, a ranar 24 ga Satumba 1969 amma an haife shi a Las Palmas . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2022 |title=Qué fue de Goya Toledo |url=https://www.deia.eus/television/2022/01/23/goya-toledo-1746566.html |website=[[Deia (newspaper)|Deia]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Furundarena |first=Arantza |date=24 December 2012 |title=Goya Toledo: «Lo de ser madre lo tengo clarísimo» |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/vizcaya/v/20121222/gente/goya-toledo-madre-tengo-20121222.htmld |website=[[El Correo]] |publisher=[[Grupo Vocento]]}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kafin ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, Toledo ya yi aiki a matsayin abin koyi. Ta fara bugawa a shekarar 1993, kuma tun daga lokacin ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Mutanen Espanya, Italiyanci da Jamusanci. A 13th Goya Awards, an zabi Toledo a matsayin [[Kyautar Goya don Sabuwar 'Yar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Musamman|Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actress]] don rawar da ta taka a ''Mararia'' . A shekara ta 2003, a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 53, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Turai da aka gabatar da kyautar Shooting Stars ta hanyar inganta fina-fakka na Turai. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Toledo abokiyar abokiyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce Penelope Cruz,<ref name="elconfidencial2">{{cite news |work=El Confidencial |language=Spanish |url=http://www.vanitatis.com/noticias/goya-toledo-penelope-cruz-javier-bardem-hombres-de-paco-20100510.html |title=Goya Toledo: "Yo no hablo de mi vida ni de la de nadie" |last=Rubio |first=Miriam |accessdate=16 December 2011 |date=10 May 2010 |archive-date=17 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117011644/http://www.vanitatis.com/noticias/goya-toledo-penelope-cruz-javier-bardem-hombres-de-paco-20100510.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wacce ta sadu da ita yayin da take karatun wasan kwaikwayo a makarantar Cristina Rota.<ref name="cristinarota">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnc-eca.es/escuela_interpretacion_cristina_rota/escuela_interpretacion_cristina_rota_EGRESADOS_ILUSTRES.html |title=Graduados ilustres |work=Escuela de Interpretación Cristina Rota |language=Spanish |accessdate=16 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202163051/http://www.cnc-eca.es/escuela_interpretacion_cristina_rota/escuela_interpretacion_cristina_rota_EGRESADOS_ILUSTRES.html |archivedate=2 December 2011 }}</ref> A shekara ta 2015, ta tabbatar da aurenta da guitarist Craig Ross, wanda ta yi alkawari da shi tun shekarar da ta gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2015 |title=La boda de Goya Toledo, una sorpresa ya anunciada |url=http://www.hola.com/cine/2015020876706/boda-goya-toledo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111173553/https://www.hola.com/cine/2015020876706/boda-goya-toledo/ |archive-date=11 November 2018 |access-date=9 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2015 |title=Goya Toledo se ha casado |url=https://www.diariovasco.com/gente-estilo/201502/09/goya-toledo-casado-20150209001705-v_amp.html |website=Diariovasco.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Taken !Taken asali !Shekara !Matsayi !Bayani |- |''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi sun je Ofishin'' |''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi suna zuwa ofishin'' |1993 |Ba a sani ba | (TV) 1993-94; Abubuwa 6 |- |''Farin Ciki da Rayuwa'' |''Farin Ciki na Rayuwa'' |1994 |Ba a sani ba | (TV) 1 episode |- |''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa da Milk'' |''<nowiki/>'Yan uwan madara'' |1994 |Ba a sani ba | (TV) 1994-96 |- |''Kowa a kasashen waje'' |''Dukkanin a cikin jirgin'' |1995 |Ba a sani ba | (Fim din TV) |- |''Ka gaya wa Laura cewa ina son ka'' |''Ka gaya wa Laure cewa ina son ta'' |1996 |Hauwa'u | |- |''Rubuce-rubucen Ƙaunar da aka keta'' |''Cronaca di un amore violato'' |1996 |Sonia | |- |''[[Beyond the Garden|Bayan Aljanna]]'' |''Bayan lambun'' |1997 |Teresa | |- |''Mararia'' |''Mararia'' |1998 |Mararia | |- |''Ƙaunar Karnuka'' |''Ƙaunar karnuka'' |2000 |Valeria | |- |''Baƙo'' |''Ya mutu a lokacin sanyi'' |2000 |Mercedes | |- |''Akwatin 507'' |''Akwatin 507'' |2002 |Mónica Vega | |- |''Maɗaukaki'' |''Nuts'' |2003 |Silvia | |- |''Kalmomi Masu Kashewa'' |''Kalmomin da aka ɗaure'' |2003 |Laura | |- |''Ranar Tsuntsu'' |''Ya kasance mai saurin gaske'' |2004 |Rita | |- |''Rashin jituwa na jiki'' |''A waje da jiki'' |2004 |Bárbara / Julia | |- |''Yin rawa Chachacha'' |''Bailando chachacha'' |2005 |Alicia | |- |''Barci'' |''Barci'' |2005 |Andrea | |- |''Fim din da za su kiyaye ka farka: Aboki na Gaskiya'' |''Fim don kada ka yi barci: Ka yi tsammani ko wanene ni'' |2006 |Angela | (Fim din TV) |- |''Yarinyar Castiglione'' |''La contessa di Castiglione'' |2006 |Eugénie na Montijo | (Fim din TV) |- |''Na Ƙarshe na Mai Adalci'' |''Mai adalci na ƙarshe'' |2007 |Victoria | |- |''13 Roses'' |''Roses 13'' |2007 |Carmen Castro | |- |''Abokan hamayya'' |''Masu hamayya'' |2008 |Maribel | |- |''R mai daraja'' |''R mai daraja'' |2008 |Lina Mora | |- |''Sandrine a cikin Ruwan Sama'' |''Sandrine a cikin pioggia'' |2008 |Giuliana | |- |''Wanda ake zargi'' |''Wadanda ake tuhuma'' |2009 |Beatriz Montero | (TV) Abubuwa 13 |- |''Shirye-shiryen Gobe'' |''Shirye-shiryen gobe'' |2010 |Inés | |- |''Mutanen Paco'' |''Mutanen Paco'' |2010 |Sarakuna | (TV) Abubuwa 13 |- |''Abokai...'' |''Abokai...'' |2011 |Carolina | |- |''Maktub'' |''Maktub'' |2011 |Mari Luz | |- |''Dutsen'' |''Dutsen da ke kan tudu'' |2016 |Santana <ref>{{Cite web |last=Úbeda-Portugués |first=Alberto |date=2 June 2016 |title=Los estrenos del 3 de junio. 'Acantilado'. Sectas esotéricas bajo sospecha |url=https://www.aisge.es/estrenos-del-3-de-junio-acantilado |website=Aisge.es}}</ref> |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Kyautar !Shekara !Sashe !Ayyukan da aka zaba !Sakamakon |- |Kyautar Goya |1998 |[[Kyautar Goya don Sabuwar 'Yar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Musamman|Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actress]] |''Mararia''| {{Nom}} |- |Kyautar Tallafin Fim na Turai Shooting StarsKyautar Taurari na Fitarwa |2003 |Tauraron Fitarwa | -| {{Won}} |- |Kyautar ''GQ'' Magazine |2009 |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |''Wanda ake zargi''| {{Won}} |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|0865949}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] kx6fi4u4p8qayici95cc92i7f9o04ox 0 180153 975421 972425 2026-11-03T01:02:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:G.Quarenghi_-_Views_of_Moscow_and_its_Environs_-_Sobornaya_Square_at_the_Moscow_Kremlin_-_1797_-_color_balanced.jpg|thumb|275x275px|Cathedral Square a Moscow, wani Veduta na Quarenghi, 1797.]] '''Cathedral Square''' or '''Sobornaya Square''' (Russian: Соборная площадь, romanized: Sobornaya ploshchad) is the central square of the Moscow Kremlin where all of its streets used to converge in the 15th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Moscow |url=http://yqyq.net/49212-Istoriya_Moskvy.html |access-date=2012-03-24}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gidan ya samo sunansa ne daga majami'u uku da ke fuskantar shi - Cathedral of the Dormition, Cathedral of The Archangel, da Cathedral of l'Annunciation . Baya ga waɗannan, an sanya Fadar Facet, Ikilisiyar Deposition of the Robe da Ikilisiyar Manzanni Goma Biyu a can. Tsarin da ya fi tsayi a filin (kuma a baya a duk Rasha) shine Ivan the Great Bell Tower, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ivan the Great Bell Tower |url=http://www.moscow.info/kremlin/churches/ivan-great-bell-tower.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120031419/http://www.moscow.info/kremlin/churches/ivan-great-bell-tower.aspx |archive-date=2012-01-20 |access-date=2012-03-24}}</ref> wanda kuma ya raba Sobornaya Square daga Ivanovskaya Square. Cathedral Square sananne ne a matsayin wurin da ake yi bikin naɗa shi da kuma jana'izar dukan tsars na Rasha, ubanni, da Grand Dukes na Moscow. Har ma a yau, ana amfani da filin a bikin rantsar da Shugaban Rasha. == Binciken archaeological == [[File:Sobornaya_Square_at_the_Moscow_Kremlin,_2014.jpg|thumb|Ra'ayi daga Hasumiyar Ivan the Great BellIvan the Great Bell Tower]] Kremlin na Moscow, inda filin yake, abu ne mai rufewa ga masu binciken tarihi saboda hukumomin jihar suna can. Ba za a iya kiran Kremlin abin tunawa da aka yi nazari sosai ba: kafin juyin juya halin, babu wanda ya shiga cikin binciken archaeological saboda an gina yankin kuma an yi amfani da gidajen ibada. Bayan Juyin Juya Halin, Kremlin ya ci gaba da kasancewa yankin da aka rufe. Babban tushen kayan archaeological ba tonowa ba ne tare da cikakken budewa na tsoffin gine-gine, amma lura da kuma daidaita al'adun al'adu yayin ayyukan tattalin arziki da injiniya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Колесниченко |first=Александр |date=2015-11-25 |title=Раскопки в Кремле. Какие сюрпризы ждут исследователей в сердце Москвы? |url=https://aif.ru/realty/city/uteryannye_cennosti_kakie_syurprizy_zhdut_issledovateley_v_serdce_moskvy |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=aif.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Duk da haka, masu binciken tarihi sun sami nasarar gano ƙauyuka na farko a yankin Moscow Kremlin na zamanin Bronze (Millennium II BC). An sami ƙauyen Finno-Ugric na farkon Iron Age (rabi na biyu na karni na farko BC) kusa da Cathedral na Archangel na zamani. A wannan lokacin yawan jama'a sun mamaye yankin Sobornaya Square na zamani.<ref name=":0" /> == MANAZARTA BINCIKE == fqjqes7pukz2ntchlkk3mt4k0cu24i9 0 180168 975222 972534 2026-11-02T16:42:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975222 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="7" |Merani Martvili | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:FC_Merani_Martvili_logo.png|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Cikakken suna | class="infobox-data" |Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Merani Martvili |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |An kafa shi | class="infobox-data" |2006 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ƙasa | class="infobox-data label" |Filin wasa na Murtaz Khurtsilava [[Martvili]]<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Capacity | class="infobox-data" |1,850 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Manajan | class="infobox-data agent" |Givi Khelaia |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ƙungiyar | class="infobox-data" |[[Erovnuli Liga 2]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |[[2025 Erovnuli Liga 2|2025]] | class="infobox-data" |Na 4 cikin 10 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Shafin yanar gizo | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180307024015/http://fcmerani.ge/ fcmerani.ge]</span> |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | |- | colspan="2" style="padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;" | {| role="presentation" style="width:100%; text-align:center;" | style="padding:0" |<div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #ff0000;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #ffffff;color:inherit;">[[File:Kit_body_redwhiteleftsash.png|link=|alt=|top]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #ff0000;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #ff0000;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;">[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FF0000;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;">[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]</div></div><div style="padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;">'''[[Kit (association football)|Launuka na gida]]'''</div></div> | style="padding:0" |<div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #ff0000;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top|Team colours]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #ff0000;color:inherit;">[[File:Kit_body_whitestripes.png|link=|alt=|top]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|top]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #ff0000;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|top]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;">[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|top]]</div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #000000;color:inherit;"></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;">[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|top]]</div></div><div style="padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;">'''[[Away colours|Launuka masu nisa]]'''</div></div> |} |} '''FC Merani Martvili''' ƙungiya ce ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Jojiya da ke garin Martvili. Tana fafatawa a gasar Erovnuli Liga 2, wadda ita ce rukuni na biyu na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jojiya. Duk da kasancewarta ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ta fuskar shekaru, Merani ta shafe shekaru biyar tana fafatawa a babban rukuni na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma ta taɓa kaiwa wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin David Kipiani. == Tarihi == Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa daga Martvili a baya ana kiransu '''Salkhino Gegechkori''' (lokacin Soviet), '''Chkondidi Martvili''' da '''Salkhino Martvili'''. '''FC Merani''' ta kafa ta tsohon ministan sadarwa na Georgia [[Fridon Injia]] a shekara ta 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=საფეხბურთო კლუბი მარტვილის "მერანი" |url=http://fcmerani.ge/?menuid=12&lang=1 |website=fcmerani.ge (in Georgian)}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta farko a Pirveli liga a karkashin kocin Malkhaz Zhvania, Merani ya zo na 3 kuma har zuwa ci gaba zuwa Umaglesi Liga a 2011/12 sun kasance cikin manyan kungiyoyi biyar. A shekara ta 2010, Merani ya zama kulob din farko na league na II da ya buga wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin David Kipiani inda suka rasa 1-2 a kan jimillar zuwa WIT Georgia, wadanda suka lashe kofin na kakar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgian Cup 2009-10 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/national/georgia/david-kipiani-cup/2009-2010/s3771/final-stages/ |website=soccerway.com}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa Merani ta samu nasarar kammala kakarsu kuma a matsayin tawagar da ta kasance ta biyu ta sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa a Umaglesi Liga Merani sun sami sakamako mafi kyau a shekararsu ta farko lokacin da suka zo na 5 a lokacin kakar wasa ta yau da kullun kuma sun sami matsayi a zagaye na zakarun. A wasu lokuta, kulob din ya fi shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na raguwa. A cikin 2015/16, an sake Merani. A cikin wannan shekarar, sun sami nasarar kaiwa gasar cin kofin karshe bayan sun kawar da Dila, Kolkheti 1913 da Chikhura a zagaye na baya, amma a wasan da aka gudanar a Zestaponi Torpedo Kutaisi ta doke tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ტორპედო საქართველოს თასის მფლობელია |url=https://www.kutaisipost.ge/ka/akhali-ambebi/article/5789-qtorpedoq-saqarthvelos-thasis-mflobelia |website=kutaisipost.ge (in Georgian)}}</ref> Merani ya zo kusa da Erovnuli Liga a cikin 2017, kodayake ba su iya doke Kolkheti 1913 a wasan kwaikwayo na gabatarwa ba. A ƙarshen kakar wasa mai zuwa Merani ya rasa wasanni biyu na karshe kuma ya gama da mamaki a kasan teburin, wanda ke nuna raguwa ta atomatik.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pirveli liga 2018 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/national/georgia/pirveli-liga/2018/regular-season/r45331/ |website=soccerway.com}}</ref> Bayan shekara guda da suka kwashe a Liga 3 duk da cewa sun koma rukuni na biyu. A farkon 2021, Pridon Injia ya bar kulob din kuma Jesi Surmava, shugaban makarantar kwallon kafa ta Martvili, ya karɓi iko, wanda ya haifar da manyan canje-canje tsakanin ma'aikata da membobin tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ჯესი სურმავა: "მერანის" გადმოცემის პროცესი ნამდვილად მიმდინარეობს |url=https://1tv.ge/news/jesi-surmava-meranisgadmocemis-procesi-namdvilad-mimdinareobs/ |website=1tv.ge (in Georgian)}}</ref> Kocin mai shekaru 27 Tsotne Moniava a shekarar farko da ke kula da kulob din kwararru an nada shi Manajan zagaye na IV (Oktoba-Disamba) bayan ya jagoranci Merani zuwa lambobin tagulla da kuma gabatarwa. Bayan haka, an haɗa 'yan wasan biyu na Merani a cikin ƙungiyar alama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ეროვნული ლიგა 2-ის მეოთხე წრის საუკეთესო ფეხბურთელი, მწვრთნელი და სიმბოლური გუნდი |url=https://www.vbetnews.com/ge/erovnuli-liga-2-is-me-4-tsris-sauketeso-pekhburteli-mtsvrtneli-da-simboluri-gundi-poto/ |website=vbetnews.com (in Georgian)}}</ref> Duk da fa'idar kwallaye biyu da aka samu a gida bayan wasan farko da aka yi da Torpedo Kutaisi, kulob din ya sha wahala sosai a lokacin da aka dawo da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2021 |title=ქუთაისის "ტორპედომ" მარტვილის "მერანი" დაამარცხა და ლიგაში ადგილი შეინარჩუნა |url=https://infoimereti.ge/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126174338/https://infoimereti.ge/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95/ |archive-date=26 January 2022 |website=infoimereti.ge (in Georgian)}}</ref> Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Merani ya sha wahala ta atomatik, kodayake bayan kakar wasa guda a Liga 3 ya yi nasara a wasan karshe a kan Shturmi don rufe ci gaba zuwa rukuni na 2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merani vs Shturmi match report |url=https://erovnuliliga.ge/ge/game/8260-mer-shtr |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=eliga.ge (in Georgian)}}</ref> == Lokaci == {{Notelist}} == Kungiyar yanzu == ''Ya zuwa 19 Maris 2026''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merani players |url=https://erovnuliliga.ge/ge/club/merani-mr/squad |website=eliga.ge}}</ref>   == Sauran ƙungiyoyi == Merani kuma tana da ƙungiyar ajiya, wanda kamar yadda Merani-2 ke fafatawa a Ligue 4. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Liga 4, 2021 |url=http://liga.gff.ge/?season=18&league=15 |website=gff.ge}}</ref> == Filin wasa == Merani tana buga wasannin gida a filin wasa na Murtaz Khurtsilava, wanda ke da damar kujeru 1,850 . A watan Fabrairun 2017 wannan filin wasa ya dauki bakuncin wasan Super Cup na Georgia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=სად ჩატარდება საქართველოს სუპერთასის მატჩი |url=https://goal.ge/news/61014-sad-chatardeba-saqartvelos-supertasis-matchi.html |website=goal.ge (in Georgian)}}</ref> == Daraja == * '''Pirveli League''' ** '''Wanda ya lashe lambar azurfa''': 2010-11, 2017 ** '''Wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta tagulla''': 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10, 2021 * <nowiki><b id="mwAd0">Kofin David Kipiani</b></nowiki> ** Masu tsere: 2016 == Sunan == ''Merani'' kalma ce ta Georgian don ''Pegasus'' . == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180307024015/http://fcmerani.ge/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] * [https://us.soccerway.com/teams/georgia/fc-merani-martvili/13765/ Bayani a kan hanyar kwallon kafa] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mdoyu3iszjo55g1qtr0gplwj815w4yk 0 180419 975454 974249 2026-11-03T04:51:22Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Inganta ilimin yara da koyon sana'o'i */ 975454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Advocacy for Children's Right Initiative | abbreviation = ACRI | type = Non-governmental organization | founder = Martha Oyanta Daniel | headquarters = Gombe State, Nigeria | region_served = Gombe State | focus = Child rights, child protection, education and advocacy }} '''Advocacy for Children's Right Initiative''' (ACRI) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke gudanar da ayyukan kare haƙƙin yara a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Lauya Martha Oyanta Daniel ce ta kafa ƙungiyar, kuma tana aiki a matsayin Daraktar Zartarwar. Ayyukan ƙungiyar sun haɗa da bayar da shawarwari, tura waɗanda aka zalunta zuwa hukumomin da suka dace, bibiyar shari'o'in cin zarafin yara da haɗin gwiwa da hukumomin tsaro da kotuna domin kare haƙƙin yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe |url=https://invictusafrica.org/content/gombe/ |website=Invictus Africa |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> An bayyana ACRI a cikin kundin ''Orange Pages'' na Invictus Africa a matsayin ƙungiyar da ta fi mayar da hankali kan yara a Jihar Gombe. Kundin ya bayyana cewa ayyukanta sun haɗa da wayar da kai, bayar da shawarwari, tura waɗanda abin ya shafa zuwa ƙungiyoyi irin su International Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA), tabbatar da rahotannin cin zarafi da bibiyar shari'o'i tare da 'yan sanda da kotuna.<ref>{{Cite report |title=Orange Pages: Third Edition |url=https://invictusafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Orange-Pages-Third-Edition.pdf |publisher=Invictus Africa |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> ==Ayyuka== ===Kare haƙƙin yara=== Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan (ACRI) shi ne bayar da shawarwari kan kare haƙƙin yara da taimaka wa waɗanda suka fuskanci cin zarafi. Ƙungiyar tana taimakawa wajen tura irin waɗannan al'amura zuwa hukumomin da suka dace, musamman FIDA, 'yan sanda da kotuna, tare da bibiyar yadda ake gudanar da shari'o'in domin tabbatar da cewa an kula da haƙƙin yaran da abin ya shafa.<ref>{{Cite report |title=Orange Pages: Third Edition |url=https://invictusafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Orange-Pages-Third-Edition.pdf |publisher=Invictus Africa |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> ===Inganta amincin yara a hanyoyi=== A ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, 2022, Daraktar Zartarwar ACRI, Martha Daniel, ta yi kira ga gwamnatin Jihar Gombe da ta samar da hanyoyin tafiya na musamman ga ɗalibai. Ta bayyana cewa yara da dama a Gombe musamman a cikin birnin Gombe suna fuskantar haɗarin ababen hawa yayin tafiya makaranta ko dawowa gida. Ta ba da shawarar a ware gefen hanyoyi domin masu tafiyan ƙafa, a kuma samar da shingaye da za su kare ɗalibai daga haɗarin motoci da babura.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Adamu |first=Najibullahi |title=Create Pedestrian Routes For School Children, Gombe Gov't Urged |url=https://metoricpost.com/2022/10/18/create-pedestrian-routes-for-school-children-gombe-govt-urged/ |work=Metoric Post |date=18 October 2022 |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> ===Inganta ilimin yara da koyon sana'o'i=== A wata tattaunawa da jaridar ''Leadership'' ta wallafa, '''Martha Daniel''' ta yi kira da a haɗa koyar da sana'o'i da ilimin kasuwanci cikin manhajojin makarantu a Arewacin Najeriya. Ta bayyana cewa irin wannan tsari zai taimaka wa yara, musamman 'yan mata, su samu ƙwarewar sana'a da za su iya amfani da ita wajen dogaro da kansu da rage talauci. Ta kuma jaddada muhimmancin samar da tsarin ilimi da ya dace da yanayin al'adu da zamantakewar al'ummomin yankin.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Northern Nigeria: Stakeholders Address Out-of-school Syndrome |url=https://leadership.ng/northern-nigeria-stakeholders-address-out-of-school-syndrome/ |work=Leadership |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2025, gidan rediyon Najeriya na yankin Arewa maso Gabas ya wallafa rahoton da ya bayyana kira da Martha Daniel ta yi na inganta gine-ginen makarantu da abubuwan more rayuwa a yankunan karkara domin ƙarfafa malamai su ci gaba da koyarwa a waɗannan yankuna. Ta ambaci muhimmancin samar da azuzuwa, bandakuna, ruwan sha, wutar lantarki, gidajen malamai da sauran abubuwan da za su inganta yanayin koyarwa da karatu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sadiq |first=Fatima |title=Education advocate highlights better infrastructure, incentives for rural teacher retention |url=https://radionigerianortheast.gov.ng/?p=366 |work=Radio Nigeria North East Zone |date=25 January 2025 |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> ===Wayar da kai kan illolin taba sigari ga yara=== A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2025, jaridar ''The Guardian'' ta ruwaito cewa Martha Daniel ta halarci wani taron horaswa kan harajin taba sigari da haɗa ra'ayin jinsi cikin manufofin yaƙi da shan taba, wanda Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre (CISLAC) ta shirya tare da tallafin Tax Justice Network Africa. A yayin taron, ta bayyana damuwarta kan yadda shan taba ke ƙara yaɗuwa tsakanin yara, tare da kira da a ƙarfafa matakan da za su rage samun taba sigari ga yara da matasa.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sani |first=Najib |title=CISLAC seeks gender-inclusive approach to tobacco control in Gombe |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/cislac-seeks-gender-inclusive-approach-to-tobacco-control-in-gombe/ |work=The Guardian |date=26 June 2025 |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> ==Shugabanci== Martha Oyanta Daniel ita ce ta kafa Advocacy for Children's Right Initiative kuma Daraktar Zartarwarta. Haka kuma, majiyoyin da suka bayyana ayyukanta sun nuna cewa tana fafutukar kare haƙƙin yara da inganta ilimi a Jihar Gombe.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Northern Nigeria: Stakeholders Address Out-of-school Syndrome |url=https://leadership.ng/northern-nigeria-stakeholders-address-out-of-school-syndrome/ |work=Leadership |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} n77tawdcdw9gbykff9f5gosop9jilbb 975455 975454 2026-11-03T04:51:56Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Wayar da kai kan illolin taba sigari ga yara */ 975455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Advocacy for Children's Right Initiative | abbreviation = ACRI | type = Non-governmental organization | founder = Martha Oyanta Daniel | headquarters = Gombe State, Nigeria | region_served = Gombe State | focus = Child rights, child protection, education and advocacy }} '''Advocacy for Children's Right Initiative''' (ACRI) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke gudanar da ayyukan kare haƙƙin yara a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Lauya Martha Oyanta Daniel ce ta kafa ƙungiyar, kuma tana aiki a matsayin Daraktar Zartarwar. Ayyukan ƙungiyar sun haɗa da bayar da shawarwari, tura waɗanda aka zalunta zuwa hukumomin da suka dace, bibiyar shari'o'in cin zarafin yara da haɗin gwiwa da hukumomin tsaro da kotuna domin kare haƙƙin yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe |url=https://invictusafrica.org/content/gombe/ |website=Invictus Africa |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> An bayyana ACRI a cikin kundin ''Orange Pages'' na Invictus Africa a matsayin ƙungiyar da ta fi mayar da hankali kan yara a Jihar Gombe. Kundin ya bayyana cewa ayyukanta sun haɗa da wayar da kai, bayar da shawarwari, tura waɗanda abin ya shafa zuwa ƙungiyoyi irin su International Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA), tabbatar da rahotannin cin zarafi da bibiyar shari'o'i tare da 'yan sanda da kotuna.<ref>{{Cite report |title=Orange Pages: Third Edition |url=https://invictusafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Orange-Pages-Third-Edition.pdf |publisher=Invictus Africa |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> ==Ayyuka== ===Kare haƙƙin yara=== Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan (ACRI) shi ne bayar da shawarwari kan kare haƙƙin yara da taimaka wa waɗanda suka fuskanci cin zarafi. Ƙungiyar tana taimakawa wajen tura irin waɗannan al'amura zuwa hukumomin da suka dace, musamman FIDA, 'yan sanda da kotuna, tare da bibiyar yadda ake gudanar da shari'o'in domin tabbatar da cewa an kula da haƙƙin yaran da abin ya shafa.<ref>{{Cite report |title=Orange Pages: Third Edition |url=https://invictusafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Orange-Pages-Third-Edition.pdf |publisher=Invictus Africa |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> ===Inganta amincin yara a hanyoyi=== A ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, 2022, Daraktar Zartarwar ACRI, Martha Daniel, ta yi kira ga gwamnatin Jihar Gombe da ta samar da hanyoyin tafiya na musamman ga ɗalibai. Ta bayyana cewa yara da dama a Gombe musamman a cikin birnin Gombe suna fuskantar haɗarin ababen hawa yayin tafiya makaranta ko dawowa gida. Ta ba da shawarar a ware gefen hanyoyi domin masu tafiyan ƙafa, a kuma samar da shingaye da za su kare ɗalibai daga haɗarin motoci da babura.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Adamu |first=Najibullahi |title=Create Pedestrian Routes For School Children, Gombe Gov't Urged |url=https://metoricpost.com/2022/10/18/create-pedestrian-routes-for-school-children-gombe-govt-urged/ |work=Metoric Post |date=18 October 2022 |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> ===Inganta ilimin yara da koyon sana'o'i=== A wata tattaunawa da jaridar ''Leadership'' ta wallafa, '''Martha Daniel''' ta yi kira da a haɗa koyar da sana'o'i da ilimin kasuwanci cikin manhajojin makarantu a Arewacin Najeriya. Ta bayyana cewa irin wannan tsari zai taimaka wa yara, musamman 'yan mata, su samu ƙwarewar sana'a da za su iya amfani da ita wajen dogaro da kansu da rage talauci. Ta kuma jaddada muhimmancin samar da tsarin ilimi da ya dace da yanayin al'adu da zamantakewar al'ummomin yankin.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Northern Nigeria: Stakeholders Address Out-of-school Syndrome |url=https://leadership.ng/northern-nigeria-stakeholders-address-out-of-school-syndrome/ |work=Leadership |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2025, gidan rediyon Najeriya na yankin Arewa maso Gabas ya wallafa rahoton da ya bayyana kira da Martha Daniel ta yi na inganta gine-ginen makarantu da abubuwan more rayuwa a yankunan karkara domin ƙarfafa malamai su ci gaba da koyarwa a waɗannan yankuna. Ta ambaci muhimmancin samar da azuzuwa, bandakuna, ruwan sha, wutar lantarki, gidajen malamai da sauran abubuwan da za su inganta yanayin koyarwa da karatu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sadiq |first=Fatima |title=Education advocate highlights better infrastructure, incentives for rural teacher retention |url=https://radionigerianortheast.gov.ng/?p=366 |work=Radio Nigeria North East Zone |date=25 January 2025 |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> ===Wayar da kai kan illolin taba sigari ga yara=== A ranar 26 ga watan Yuni, 2025, jaridar ''The Guardian'' ta ruwaito cewa Martha Daniel ta halarci wani taron horaswa kan harajin taba sigari da haɗa ra'ayin jinsi cikin manufofin yaƙi da shan taba, wanda Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre (CISLAC) ta shirya tare da tallafin Tax Justice Network Africa. A yayin taron, ta bayyana damuwarta kan yadda shan taba ke ƙara yaɗuwa tsakanin yara, tare da kira da a ƙarfafa matakan da za su rage samun taba sigari ga yara da matasa.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sani |first=Najib |title=CISLAC seeks gender-inclusive approach to tobacco control in Gombe |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/cislac-seeks-gender-inclusive-approach-to-tobacco-control-in-gombe/ |work=The Guardian |date=26 June 2025 |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> ==Shugabanci== Martha Oyanta Daniel ita ce ta kafa Advocacy for Children's Right Initiative kuma Daraktar Zartarwarta. Haka kuma, majiyoyin da suka bayyana ayyukanta sun nuna cewa tana fafutukar kare haƙƙin yara da inganta ilimi a Jihar Gombe.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Northern Nigeria: Stakeholders Address Out-of-school Syndrome |url=https://leadership.ng/northern-nigeria-stakeholders-address-out-of-school-syndrome/ |work=Leadership |access-date=31 October 2026 }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} gbzadzcnn7ewqso7sjts26wa4s8k701 0 180495 975512 974842 2026-11-03T09:12:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Habil Khorakiwala''' shine wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kamfanin [[Magani|hada magunguna]] da [[Biotechnology|fasahar kere-kere]] ta Indiya Wockhardt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Habil Khorakiwala And The Power Of Calm |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2015/habil-khorakiwala-and-the-power-of-calm/41385/1 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> Ya kafa Wockhardt a shekarar 1967,<ref name="Forbes">{{Cite web |last= |title=Profile: Habil Khorakiwala |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/habil-khorakiwala/?sh=359c84c727c3 |publisher=Forbes}}</ref> wanda tun daga lokacin ya girma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun magunguna na Indiya, magunguna, magungunan biopharmaceuticals, kayayyakin abinci mai gina jiki, alluran rigakafi, sinadaran magunguna masu aiki (APIs) da kuma jerin asibitoci na Super Speciality.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wockhardt – Who we are |url=http://www.wockhardt.com/who-we-are/overview.aspx |access-date=2026-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709192824/http://www.wockhardt.com/who-we-are/overview.aspx |archive-date=2025-07-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Habil Khorakiwala a cikin dangin Dawoodi Bohra na Bombay (yanzu [[Mumbai]] ) a shekarar 1942. Mahaifinsa Fakhruddin T. Khorakiwala shi ne wanda ya kafa shagon farko na 'Akbarallys' a Indiya, sannan kuma tsohon Sheriff na Mumbai . Yana da 'ya'ya uku waɗanda ke kula da sassa daban-daban na Wockhardt. Ya kammala karatunsa a fannin harhada magunguna daga Kwalejin LM da ke [[Ahmedabad]] sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar harhada magunguna daga Jami'ar Purdue, da kuma wani Shirin Gudanarwa na Ci gaba a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard, Amurka.<ref name="Chairman's Profile">{{Cite web |last= |title=Chairmans profile |url=http://www.wockhardt.com/Files/Dr-Habil-Khorakiwala-Profile.pdf |publisher=Wockhardt}}</ref> == Sana'a == Habil Khorakiwala ya kafa kamfanin Wockhardt Limited a shekarar 1967 bayan ya karɓi ragamar kamfanin Worli Chemical Works na mahaifinsa.<ref name="Forbes" /><ref name="NDTV">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=16 August 2012 |title=How Wockhardt transformed from a defaulter to market favourite |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/how-wockhardt-transformed-from-a-defaulter-to-market-favourite-309402 |access-date=11 October 2022 |newspaper=NDTV}}</ref> Ya fara ne a matsayin ƙaramin kamfani mai ma'aikata 20 kacal, yana yin magunguna ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba. Tun daga lokacin, Wockhardt Limited ta girma zuwa kamfanin hada magunguna da fasahar kere-kere na duniya da ke da cibiyoyin kera kayayyaki a duk duniya da kuma ma'aikata sama da 7,000.<ref name="Purdue University">{{Cite web |last= |title=2010 Honorary Degree |url=https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/general/2010/10HonDocs/HabilKhorakiwala.html |publisher=Purdue University}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, an naɗa shi a matsayin Chancellor na Jami'ar Jamia Hamdard . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in ba da shawara na [[Sweden]] a Mumbai. == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * A shekarar 2010, Jami'ar Purdue ta ba shi digirin girmamawa na Dakta a fannin harhada magunguna. <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Matashin Ɗan Kasuwa na Shekara a fannin kula da lafiya da kimiyyar rayuwa <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Kwarewa a Matsayin Babban Shugaba daga Cibiyar Talla da Gudanarwa, New Delhi <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Shiromani Vikas saboda "gudummawa masu ban mamaki da kuma kwarin gwiwa ga ci gaban ƙasa" <ref name="Purdue University" /> == Littattafan tarihi == * Odyssey na Jarumtaka == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] 3mgg959f9xct4x78sfx5s4vu8aul3l5 0 180520 975203 2026-11-02T16:28:24Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975203 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] mpneklezd6j796by58w2od6cq73yd55 975204 975203 2026-11-02T16:28:43Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975204 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] l03ayjpg4nna4d9rlvke6yte4siis5x 975205 975204 2026-11-02T16:29:08Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] 8wkqwwwiefb9rsf1o32991bqjbq8thg 975206 975205 2026-11-02T16:29:26Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975206 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] capei7s0hulfjvwl9r2fcyp6jhvcnjc 975207 975206 2026-11-02T16:29:43Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] entesbjbkt0115lruwk7kzs7lr231qw 975208 975207 2026-11-02T16:30:09Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975208 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] a196gjywv66p9jvsue78y7zpwps6f8h 975209 975208 2026-11-02T16:30:35Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] mtrk6ia5ghdgrobbsa4ap6gz0ca3ucb 975210 975209 2026-11-02T16:31:34Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975210 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Portugal a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021, inda ya kammala nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Braga da ci 2-0. Na biyu ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin raunin da ya faru don taimakawa masu masaukin baki su doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a wasan Lisbon derby, inda aka nada shi gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Patrick |date=1 February 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes the hero in Sporting's late smash-and-grab versus rivals Benfica |url=https://portugoal.net/club-news/1949-matheus-nunes-the-hero-in-sporting-s-late-smash-and-grab-versus-rivals-benfica |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Bayan tafiyar João Mário, ya sami matsayi na dindindin a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, a wasansa na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA, ya taimaka wa [[Paulinho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi Nuwamba 1992)|Paulinho]] a wasan da Ajax ta sha kashi a gida da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=Sporting Lisbon 1–5 Ajax |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58577414 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa Sporting a wasanni shida a jere a gasar, ciki har da wasan Lisbon da Benfica, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo aka kuma ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a waje, an nada Nunes a matsayin Dan wasan tsakiya na watan gasar na watannin Oktoba da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes vence prémio de melhor médio do mês |trans-title=Matheus Nunes wins best midfielder of the montha ward |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1892237/matheus-nunes-vence-prmio-de-melhor-mdio-do-ms |access-date=25 March 2022 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=Portuguese}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] odti3oo5guluekttxc5tl96nohoy4x6 975211 975210 2026-11-02T16:32:00Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975211 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Portugal a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021, inda ya kammala nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Braga da ci 2-0. Na biyu ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin raunin da ya faru don taimakawa masu masaukin baki su doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a wasan Lisbon derby, inda aka nada shi gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Patrick |date=1 February 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes the hero in Sporting's late smash-and-grab versus rivals Benfica |url=https://portugoal.net/club-news/1949-matheus-nunes-the-hero-in-sporting-s-late-smash-and-grab-versus-rivals-benfica |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Bayan tafiyar João Mário, ya sami matsayi na dindindin a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, a wasansa na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA, ya taimaka wa [[Paulinho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi Nuwamba 1992)|Paulinho]] a wasan da Ajax ta sha kashi a gida da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=Sporting Lisbon 1–5 Ajax |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58577414 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa Sporting a wasanni shida a jere a gasar, ciki har da wasan Lisbon da Benfica, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo aka kuma ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a waje, an nada Nunes a matsayin Dan wasan tsakiya na watan gasar na watannin Oktoba da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes vence prémio de melhor médio do mês |trans-title=Matheus Nunes wins best midfielder of the montha ward |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1892237/matheus-nunes-vence-prmio-de-melhor-mdio-do-ms |access-date=25 March 2022 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nunes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta]] Ingila kan cinikin da ya kai darajar €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), wanda ya zarce tsohon dan uwansa Fabio Silva . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves sign Portugal midfielder for club record £38m fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62586975 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Wolves wasa bayan kwana uku, a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur a gasar Premier a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2022. Nunes ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a gidansu a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a Molineux a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2022 |title=Wolves 1–1 Newcastle Utd: Allan Saint-Maximin volley earns Newcastle a point |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62621480 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Wolves a wasan da suka doke [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 1-0 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Neil |date=8 April 2023 |title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 Chelsea: Frank Lampard's first game as interim boss ends in defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145676 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Nunes ya fara takaddama da Wolves kan sha'awarsa ta barin kulob din bayan sun ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa na sayensa na £47.&nbsp;miliyan daga [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=24 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves reject Man City's £47m offer for Portugal midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66604463 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya kasa halartar atisaye da ƙungiyar, ba tare da izinin manaja Gary O'Neil ba na tsawon kwanaki biyu a jere a ƙoƙarin da yake yi na barin ƙungiyar, daga baya aka ci shi tara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves midfielder to be fined after missing training |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66642143 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] jfa8dlq53xri8831uhz2vki2c6rtq1c 975212 975211 2026-11-02T16:33:15Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Portugal a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021, inda ya kammala nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Braga da ci 2-0. Na biyu ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin raunin da ya faru don taimakawa masu masaukin baki su doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a wasan Lisbon derby, inda aka nada shi gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Patrick |date=1 February 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes the hero in Sporting's late smash-and-grab versus rivals Benfica |url=https://portugoal.net/club-news/1949-matheus-nunes-the-hero-in-sporting-s-late-smash-and-grab-versus-rivals-benfica |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Bayan tafiyar João Mário, ya sami matsayi na dindindin a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, a wasansa na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA, ya taimaka wa [[Paulinho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi Nuwamba 1992)|Paulinho]] a wasan da Ajax ta sha kashi a gida da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=Sporting Lisbon 1–5 Ajax |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58577414 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa Sporting a wasanni shida a jere a gasar, ciki har da wasan Lisbon da Benfica, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo aka kuma ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a waje, an nada Nunes a matsayin Dan wasan tsakiya na watan gasar na watannin Oktoba da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes vence prémio de melhor médio do mês |trans-title=Matheus Nunes wins best midfielder of the montha ward |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1892237/matheus-nunes-vence-prmio-de-melhor-mdio-do-ms |access-date=25 March 2022 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nunes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta]] Ingila kan cinikin da ya kai darajar €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), wanda ya zarce tsohon dan uwansa Fabio Silva . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves sign Portugal midfielder for club record £38m fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62586975 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Wolves wasa bayan kwana uku, a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur a gasar Premier a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2022. Nunes ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a gidansu a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a Molineux a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2022 |title=Wolves 1–1 Newcastle Utd: Allan Saint-Maximin volley earns Newcastle a point |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62621480 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Wolves a wasan da suka doke [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 1-0 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Neil |date=8 April 2023 |title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 Chelsea: Frank Lampard's first game as interim boss ends in defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145676 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Nunes ya fara takaddama da Wolves kan sha'awarsa ta barin kulob din bayan sun ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa na sayensa na £47.&nbsp;miliyan daga [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=24 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves reject Man City's £47m offer for Portugal midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66604463 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya kasa halartar atisaye da ƙungiyar, ba tare da izinin manaja Gary O'Neil ba na tsawon kwanaki biyu a jere a ƙoƙarin da yake yi na barin ƙungiyar, daga baya aka ci shi tara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves midfielder to be fined after missing training |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66642143 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Manchester City === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2023, an ruwaito cewa £53&nbsp;An amince da tayin miliyan ɗaya daga Manchester City ba tare da ƙarin ƙarin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=31 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes to Man City: Premier League champions agree £53m deal to sign Wolves midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66662060 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2023. Ɗan wasan ƙasar Portugal ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da zakarun Turai da Ingila masu ci gaba. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c1fs10mc37mvgiihlq2fvtoqwebihpe 975213 975212 2026-11-02T16:33:50Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975213 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Portugal a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021, inda ya kammala nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Braga da ci 2-0. Na biyu ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin raunin da ya faru don taimakawa masu masaukin baki su doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a wasan Lisbon derby, inda aka nada shi gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Patrick |date=1 February 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes the hero in Sporting's late smash-and-grab versus rivals Benfica |url=https://portugoal.net/club-news/1949-matheus-nunes-the-hero-in-sporting-s-late-smash-and-grab-versus-rivals-benfica |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Bayan tafiyar João Mário, ya sami matsayi na dindindin a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, a wasansa na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA, ya taimaka wa [[Paulinho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi Nuwamba 1992)|Paulinho]] a wasan da Ajax ta sha kashi a gida da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=Sporting Lisbon 1–5 Ajax |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58577414 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa Sporting a wasanni shida a jere a gasar, ciki har da wasan Lisbon da Benfica, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo aka kuma ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a waje, an nada Nunes a matsayin Dan wasan tsakiya na watan gasar na watannin Oktoba da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes vence prémio de melhor médio do mês |trans-title=Matheus Nunes wins best midfielder of the montha ward |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1892237/matheus-nunes-vence-prmio-de-melhor-mdio-do-ms |access-date=25 March 2022 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nunes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta]] Ingila kan cinikin da ya kai darajar €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), wanda ya zarce tsohon dan uwansa Fabio Silva . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves sign Portugal midfielder for club record £38m fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62586975 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Wolves wasa bayan kwana uku, a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur a gasar Premier a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2022. Nunes ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a gidansu a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a Molineux a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2022 |title=Wolves 1–1 Newcastle Utd: Allan Saint-Maximin volley earns Newcastle a point |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62621480 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Wolves a wasan da suka doke [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 1-0 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Neil |date=8 April 2023 |title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 Chelsea: Frank Lampard's first game as interim boss ends in defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145676 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Nunes ya fara takaddama da Wolves kan sha'awarsa ta barin kulob din bayan sun ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa na sayensa na £47.&nbsp;miliyan daga [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=24 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves reject Man City's £47m offer for Portugal midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66604463 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya kasa halartar atisaye da ƙungiyar, ba tare da izinin manaja Gary O'Neil ba na tsawon kwanaki biyu a jere a ƙoƙarin da yake yi na barin ƙungiyar, daga baya aka ci shi tara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves midfielder to be fined after missing training |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66642143 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Manchester City === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2023, an ruwaito cewa £53&nbsp;An amince da tayin miliyan ɗaya daga Manchester City ba tare da ƙarin ƙarin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=31 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes to Man City: Premier League champions agree £53m deal to sign Wolves midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66662060 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2023. Ɗan wasan ƙasar Portugal ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da zakarun Turai da Ingila masu ci gaba. Nunes ya fara buga wa Manchester City wasa a ranar 16 ga Satumba, bayan ya sauka daga benci, inda ya maye gurbin [[Phil Foden]] a minti na 67 da nasarar da suka samu a gasar Premier a gidan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] da ci 3-1. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar ''Citizens'', inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka doke [[Red Star Belgrade]] da ci 3-1 a gida a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marrett |first=Adam |date=21 September 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes makes an immediate impact in first start for City. |url=https://esteemedkompany.com/2023/09/21/matheus-nunes-makes-an-immediate-impact-in-first-start-for-manchester-city/ |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=Esteemed Kompany}}</ref> Kwanaki huɗu bayan haka, Nunes ya fara buga gasar Premier a karon farko a City, inda ya buga cikakken wasan a wasan da suka doke [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] da ci 2-0 a gida, inda ya taimaka wa [[Erling Haaland]] ya zura kwallo ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=Ten-man Man City show silk and steel to extend Premier League lead |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230923-ten-man-man-city-show-silk-and-steel-to-extend-premier-league-lead |access-date=23 September 2023 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> Nunes ya lashe kofinsa na farko a City a ranar 22 ga Disamba, yayin da kungiyar ta doke Fluminense da ci 4-0, inda Nunes ya taimaka wa [[Julián Álvarez|Julian Álvarez]] ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan karshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA Club World Cup na 2023. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3vdl0utfdp40u5e9vit3h60jkc1a0ie 975214 975213 2026-11-02T16:34:18Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Portugal a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021, inda ya kammala nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Braga da ci 2-0. Na biyu ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin raunin da ya faru don taimakawa masu masaukin baki su doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a wasan Lisbon derby, inda aka nada shi gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Patrick |date=1 February 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes the hero in Sporting's late smash-and-grab versus rivals Benfica |url=https://portugoal.net/club-news/1949-matheus-nunes-the-hero-in-sporting-s-late-smash-and-grab-versus-rivals-benfica |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Bayan tafiyar João Mário, ya sami matsayi na dindindin a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, a wasansa na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA, ya taimaka wa [[Paulinho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi Nuwamba 1992)|Paulinho]] a wasan da Ajax ta sha kashi a gida da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=Sporting Lisbon 1–5 Ajax |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58577414 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa Sporting a wasanni shida a jere a gasar, ciki har da wasan Lisbon da Benfica, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo aka kuma ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a waje, an nada Nunes a matsayin Dan wasan tsakiya na watan gasar na watannin Oktoba da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes vence prémio de melhor médio do mês |trans-title=Matheus Nunes wins best midfielder of the montha ward |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1892237/matheus-nunes-vence-prmio-de-melhor-mdio-do-ms |access-date=25 March 2022 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nunes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta]] Ingila kan cinikin da ya kai darajar €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), wanda ya zarce tsohon dan uwansa Fabio Silva . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves sign Portugal midfielder for club record £38m fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62586975 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Wolves wasa bayan kwana uku, a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur a gasar Premier a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2022. Nunes ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a gidansu a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a Molineux a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2022 |title=Wolves 1–1 Newcastle Utd: Allan Saint-Maximin volley earns Newcastle a point |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62621480 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Wolves a wasan da suka doke [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 1-0 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Neil |date=8 April 2023 |title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 Chelsea: Frank Lampard's first game as interim boss ends in defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145676 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Nunes ya fara takaddama da Wolves kan sha'awarsa ta barin kulob din bayan sun ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa na sayensa na £47.&nbsp;miliyan daga [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=24 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves reject Man City's £47m offer for Portugal midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66604463 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya kasa halartar atisaye da ƙungiyar, ba tare da izinin manaja Gary O'Neil ba na tsawon kwanaki biyu a jere a ƙoƙarin da yake yi na barin ƙungiyar, daga baya aka ci shi tara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves midfielder to be fined after missing training |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66642143 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Manchester City === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2023, an ruwaito cewa £53&nbsp;An amince da tayin miliyan ɗaya daga Manchester City ba tare da ƙarin ƙarin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=31 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes to Man City: Premier League champions agree £53m deal to sign Wolves midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66662060 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2023. Ɗan wasan ƙasar Portugal ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da zakarun Turai da Ingila masu ci gaba. Nunes ya fara buga wa Manchester City wasa a ranar 16 ga Satumba, bayan ya sauka daga benci, inda ya maye gurbin [[Phil Foden]] a minti na 67 da nasarar da suka samu a gasar Premier a gidan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] da ci 3-1. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar ''Citizens'', inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka doke [[Red Star Belgrade]] da ci 3-1 a gida a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marrett |first=Adam |date=21 September 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes makes an immediate impact in first start for City. |url=https://esteemedkompany.com/2023/09/21/matheus-nunes-makes-an-immediate-impact-in-first-start-for-manchester-city/ |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=Esteemed Kompany}}</ref> Kwanaki huɗu bayan haka, Nunes ya fara buga gasar Premier a karon farko a City, inda ya buga cikakken wasan a wasan da suka doke [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] da ci 2-0 a gida, inda ya taimaka wa [[Erling Haaland]] ya zura kwallo ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=Ten-man Man City show silk and steel to extend Premier League lead |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230923-ten-man-man-city-show-silk-and-steel-to-extend-premier-league-lead |access-date=23 September 2023 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> Nunes ya lashe kofinsa na farko a City a ranar 22 ga Disamba, yayin da kungiyar ta doke Fluminense da ci 4-0, inda Nunes ya taimaka wa [[Julián Álvarez|Julian Álvarez]] ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan karshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA Club World Cup na 2023. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a City a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2024 a gasar cin kofin EFL, inda ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi damar zura kwallo mai kyau a wasan da suka doke Watford da ci 2-1 a gida a zagaye na uku . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko [[UEFA Champions League|a gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka yi da Sparta Prague da bugun fenariti, yayin da kuma ya taimaka aka ci kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka ci 5-0 a gida. A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2025, Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Premier, wacce ta ci nasara a minti na 94, a wasan da suka doke [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] da ci 2-1 a gida. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2qim43lj9jheke52lzjwa3ieofl1k4t 975215 975214 2026-11-02T16:34:31Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Portugal a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021, inda ya kammala nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Braga da ci 2-0. Na biyu ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin raunin da ya faru don taimakawa masu masaukin baki su doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a wasan Lisbon derby, inda aka nada shi gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Patrick |date=1 February 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes the hero in Sporting's late smash-and-grab versus rivals Benfica |url=https://portugoal.net/club-news/1949-matheus-nunes-the-hero-in-sporting-s-late-smash-and-grab-versus-rivals-benfica |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Bayan tafiyar João Mário, ya sami matsayi na dindindin a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, a wasansa na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA, ya taimaka wa [[Paulinho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi Nuwamba 1992)|Paulinho]] a wasan da Ajax ta sha kashi a gida da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=Sporting Lisbon 1–5 Ajax |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58577414 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa Sporting a wasanni shida a jere a gasar, ciki har da wasan Lisbon da Benfica, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo aka kuma ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a waje, an nada Nunes a matsayin Dan wasan tsakiya na watan gasar na watannin Oktoba da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes vence prémio de melhor médio do mês |trans-title=Matheus Nunes wins best midfielder of the montha ward |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1892237/matheus-nunes-vence-prmio-de-melhor-mdio-do-ms |access-date=25 March 2022 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2022, a zagaye na farko na zagaye na 16 na gasar zakarun Turai, duk da rashin nasarar da kungiyarsa ta yi a gida da ci 5-0 a hannun [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], [[Pep Guardiola]], wanda ya yi matukar farin ciki da rawar da Nunes ya taka, ya yaba masa a matsayin "daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a duniya". <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=Guardiola diz que "Matheus Nunes é um dos melhores do mundo" e que resultado com o Sporting "não espelha a diferença entre as equipas" |trans-title=Guardiola says that "Matheus Nunes is one of the world's best" and that the result against Sporting "does not reflect the difference between the teams |url=https://expresso.pt/expresso/2022-02-16-guardiola-diz-que-matheus-nunes-e-um-dos-melhores-do-mundo-e-que-resultado-com-o-sporting-nao-espelha-a-diferenca-entre-as-equipas |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=[[Expresso (newspaper)|Expresso]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nunes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta]] Ingila kan cinikin da ya kai darajar €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), wanda ya zarce tsohon dan uwansa Fabio Silva . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves sign Portugal midfielder for club record £38m fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62586975 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Wolves wasa bayan kwana uku, a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur a gasar Premier a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2022. Nunes ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a gidansu a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a Molineux a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2022 |title=Wolves 1–1 Newcastle Utd: Allan Saint-Maximin volley earns Newcastle a point |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62621480 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Wolves a wasan da suka doke [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 1-0 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Neil |date=8 April 2023 |title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 Chelsea: Frank Lampard's first game as interim boss ends in defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145676 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Nunes ya fara takaddama da Wolves kan sha'awarsa ta barin kulob din bayan sun ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa na sayensa na £47.&nbsp;miliyan daga [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=24 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves reject Man City's £47m offer for Portugal midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66604463 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya kasa halartar atisaye da ƙungiyar, ba tare da izinin manaja Gary O'Neil ba na tsawon kwanaki biyu a jere a ƙoƙarin da yake yi na barin ƙungiyar, daga baya aka ci shi tara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves midfielder to be fined after missing training |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66642143 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Manchester City === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2023, an ruwaito cewa £53&nbsp;An amince da tayin miliyan ɗaya daga Manchester City ba tare da ƙarin ƙarin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=31 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes to Man City: Premier League champions agree £53m deal to sign Wolves midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66662060 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2023. Ɗan wasan ƙasar Portugal ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da zakarun Turai da Ingila masu ci gaba. Nunes ya fara buga wa Manchester City wasa a ranar 16 ga Satumba, bayan ya sauka daga benci, inda ya maye gurbin [[Phil Foden]] a minti na 67 da nasarar da suka samu a gasar Premier a gidan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] da ci 3-1. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar ''Citizens'', inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka doke [[Red Star Belgrade]] da ci 3-1 a gida a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marrett |first=Adam |date=21 September 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes makes an immediate impact in first start for City. |url=https://esteemedkompany.com/2023/09/21/matheus-nunes-makes-an-immediate-impact-in-first-start-for-manchester-city/ |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=Esteemed Kompany}}</ref> Kwanaki huɗu bayan haka, Nunes ya fara buga gasar Premier a karon farko a City, inda ya buga cikakken wasan a wasan da suka doke [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] da ci 2-0 a gida, inda ya taimaka wa [[Erling Haaland]] ya zura kwallo ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=Ten-man Man City show silk and steel to extend Premier League lead |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230923-ten-man-man-city-show-silk-and-steel-to-extend-premier-league-lead |access-date=23 September 2023 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> Nunes ya lashe kofinsa na farko a City a ranar 22 ga Disamba, yayin da kungiyar ta doke Fluminense da ci 4-0, inda Nunes ya taimaka wa [[Julián Álvarez|Julian Álvarez]] ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan karshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA Club World Cup na 2023. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a City a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2024 a gasar cin kofin EFL, inda ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi damar zura kwallo mai kyau a wasan da suka doke Watford da ci 2-1 a gida a zagaye na uku . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko [[UEFA Champions League|a gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka yi da Sparta Prague da bugun fenariti, yayin da kuma ya taimaka aka ci kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka ci 5-0 a gida. A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2025, Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Premier, wacce ta ci nasara a minti na 94, a wasan da suka doke [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] da ci 2-1 a gida. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rf0dpfsg3i93tbv5fynz9858tusatqb 975216 975215 2026-11-02T16:34:58Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Portugal a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021, inda ya kammala nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Braga da ci 2-0. Na biyu ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin raunin da ya faru don taimakawa masu masaukin baki su doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a wasan Lisbon derby, inda aka nada shi gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Patrick |date=1 February 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes the hero in Sporting's late smash-and-grab versus rivals Benfica |url=https://portugoal.net/club-news/1949-matheus-nunes-the-hero-in-sporting-s-late-smash-and-grab-versus-rivals-benfica |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Bayan tafiyar João Mário, ya sami matsayi na dindindin a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, a wasansa na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA, ya taimaka wa [[Paulinho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi Nuwamba 1992)|Paulinho]] a wasan da Ajax ta sha kashi a gida da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=Sporting Lisbon 1–5 Ajax |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58577414 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa Sporting a wasanni shida a jere a gasar, ciki har da wasan Lisbon da Benfica, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo aka kuma ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a waje, an nada Nunes a matsayin Dan wasan tsakiya na watan gasar na watannin Oktoba da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes vence prémio de melhor médio do mês |trans-title=Matheus Nunes wins best midfielder of the montha ward |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1892237/matheus-nunes-vence-prmio-de-melhor-mdio-do-ms |access-date=25 March 2022 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2022, a zagaye na farko na zagaye na 16 na gasar zakarun Turai, duk da rashin nasarar da kungiyarsa ta yi a gida da ci 5-0 a hannun [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], [[Pep Guardiola]], wanda ya yi matukar farin ciki da rawar da Nunes ya taka, ya yaba masa a matsayin "daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a duniya". <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=Guardiola diz que "Matheus Nunes é um dos melhores do mundo" e que resultado com o Sporting "não espelha a diferença entre as equipas" |trans-title=Guardiola says that "Matheus Nunes is one of the world's best" and that the result against Sporting "does not reflect the difference between the teams |url=https://expresso.pt/expresso/2022-02-16-guardiola-diz-que-matheus-nunes-e-um-dos-melhores-do-mundo-e-que-resultado-com-o-sporting-nao-espelha-a-diferenca-entre-as-equipas |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=[[Expresso (newspaper)|Expresso]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nunes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta]] Ingila kan cinikin da ya kai darajar €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), wanda ya zarce tsohon dan uwansa Fabio Silva . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves sign Portugal midfielder for club record £38m fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62586975 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Wolves wasa bayan kwana uku, a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur a gasar Premier a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2022. Nunes ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a gidansu a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a Molineux a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2022 |title=Wolves 1–1 Newcastle Utd: Allan Saint-Maximin volley earns Newcastle a point |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62621480 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Wolves a wasan da suka doke [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 1-0 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Neil |date=8 April 2023 |title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 Chelsea: Frank Lampard's first game as interim boss ends in defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145676 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Nunes ya fara takaddama da Wolves kan sha'awarsa ta barin kulob din bayan sun ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa na sayensa na £47.&nbsp;miliyan daga [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=24 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves reject Man City's £47m offer for Portugal midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66604463 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya kasa halartar atisaye da ƙungiyar, ba tare da izinin manaja Gary O'Neil ba na tsawon kwanaki biyu a jere a ƙoƙarin da yake yi na barin ƙungiyar, daga baya aka ci shi tara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves midfielder to be fined after missing training |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66642143 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Manchester City === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2023, an ruwaito cewa £53&nbsp;An amince da tayin miliyan ɗaya daga Manchester City ba tare da ƙarin ƙarin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=31 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes to Man City: Premier League champions agree £53m deal to sign Wolves midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66662060 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2023. Ɗan wasan ƙasar Portugal ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da zakarun Turai da Ingila masu ci gaba. Nunes ya fara buga wa Manchester City wasa a ranar 16 ga Satumba, bayan ya sauka daga benci, inda ya maye gurbin [[Phil Foden]] a minti na 67 da nasarar da suka samu a gasar Premier a gidan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] da ci 3-1. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar ''Citizens'', inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka doke [[Red Star Belgrade]] da ci 3-1 a gida a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marrett |first=Adam |date=21 September 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes makes an immediate impact in first start for City. |url=https://esteemedkompany.com/2023/09/21/matheus-nunes-makes-an-immediate-impact-in-first-start-for-manchester-city/ |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=Esteemed Kompany}}</ref> Kwanaki huɗu bayan haka, Nunes ya fara buga gasar Premier a karon farko a City, inda ya buga cikakken wasan a wasan da suka doke [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] da ci 2-0 a gida, inda ya taimaka wa [[Erling Haaland]] ya zura kwallo ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=Ten-man Man City show silk and steel to extend Premier League lead |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230923-ten-man-man-city-show-silk-and-steel-to-extend-premier-league-lead |access-date=23 September 2023 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> Nunes ya lashe kofinsa na farko a City a ranar 22 ga Disamba, yayin da kungiyar ta doke Fluminense da ci 4-0, inda Nunes ya taimaka wa [[Julián Álvarez|Julian Álvarez]] ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan karshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA Club World Cup na 2023. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a City a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2024 a gasar cin kofin EFL, inda ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi damar zura kwallo mai kyau a wasan da suka doke Watford da ci 2-1 a gida a zagaye na uku . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko [[UEFA Champions League|a gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka yi da Sparta Prague da bugun fenariti, yayin da kuma ya taimaka aka ci kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka ci 5-0 a gida. A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2025, Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Premier, wacce ta ci nasara a minti na 94, a wasan da suka doke [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] da ci 2-1 a gida. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A ranar 8 ga Agusta 2021, bayan ya zauna a ƙasar tsawon shekaru goma, Nunes ya karɓi fasfo ɗinsa na Portugal . Daga baya a wannan watan, a ranar haihuwarsa ta 23, manajan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Brazil]] Tite ya kira shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa tara da za su maye gurbin 'yan wasan da ke zaune a Burtaniya, don buga wasannin share fagen shiga [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]] da Chile, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Argentina|Argentina]] da Peru ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Seleção brasileira convoca nove jogadores para a data FIFA de setembro |trans-title=Brazil national team call up nine players for FIFA schedules in September |url=https://www.cbf.com.br/selecao-brasileira/noticias/selecao-masculina/selecao-brasileira-convoca-nove-jogadores-para-a-data-fifa-de-setembro |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Brazilian Football Confederation]] |language=pt}}</ref> Ya ƙi kiran, domin da ya kamata a killace shi bayan ya dawo saboda rashin samun cikakken [[Rigakafin Covid-19|allurar rigakafin COVID-19]] . Daga ƙarshe, Nunes ya yanke shawarar kin wakiltar ƙasar da aka haife shi, bayan da manajan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal Fernando Santos ya tuntube shi, wanda ya shawo kansa ya wakilci Portugal . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes decide não se apresentar à seleção brasileira |trans-title=Matheus Nunes decides against reporting to the Brazilian national team |url=https://tntsports.com.br/futebolbrasileiro/Matheus-Nunes-decide-nao-se-apresentar-a-selecao-brasileira-20210827-0027.html |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[TNT Sports (Argentina)|TNT Sports]] |language=pt}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pn6hlsshnt63sr08aj68kwuh525ty5y 975217 975216 2026-11-02T16:35:26Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975217 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Portugal a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021, inda ya kammala nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Braga da ci 2-0. Na biyu ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin raunin da ya faru don taimakawa masu masaukin baki su doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a wasan Lisbon derby, inda aka nada shi gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Patrick |date=1 February 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes the hero in Sporting's late smash-and-grab versus rivals Benfica |url=https://portugoal.net/club-news/1949-matheus-nunes-the-hero-in-sporting-s-late-smash-and-grab-versus-rivals-benfica |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Bayan tafiyar João Mário, ya sami matsayi na dindindin a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, a wasansa na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA, ya taimaka wa [[Paulinho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi Nuwamba 1992)|Paulinho]] a wasan da Ajax ta sha kashi a gida da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=Sporting Lisbon 1–5 Ajax |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58577414 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa Sporting a wasanni shida a jere a gasar, ciki har da wasan Lisbon da Benfica, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo aka kuma ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a waje, an nada Nunes a matsayin Dan wasan tsakiya na watan gasar na watannin Oktoba da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes vence prémio de melhor médio do mês |trans-title=Matheus Nunes wins best midfielder of the montha ward |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1892237/matheus-nunes-vence-prmio-de-melhor-mdio-do-ms |access-date=25 March 2022 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2022, a zagaye na farko na zagaye na 16 na gasar zakarun Turai, duk da rashin nasarar da kungiyarsa ta yi a gida da ci 5-0 a hannun [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], [[Pep Guardiola]], wanda ya yi matukar farin ciki da rawar da Nunes ya taka, ya yaba masa a matsayin "daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a duniya". <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=Guardiola diz que "Matheus Nunes é um dos melhores do mundo" e que resultado com o Sporting "não espelha a diferença entre as equipas" |trans-title=Guardiola says that "Matheus Nunes is one of the world's best" and that the result against Sporting "does not reflect the difference between the teams |url=https://expresso.pt/expresso/2022-02-16-guardiola-diz-que-matheus-nunes-e-um-dos-melhores-do-mundo-e-que-resultado-com-o-sporting-nao-espelha-a-diferenca-entre-as-equipas |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=[[Expresso (newspaper)|Expresso]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nunes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta]] Ingila kan cinikin da ya kai darajar €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), wanda ya zarce tsohon dan uwansa Fabio Silva . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves sign Portugal midfielder for club record £38m fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62586975 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Wolves wasa bayan kwana uku, a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur a gasar Premier a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2022. Nunes ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a gidansu a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a Molineux a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2022 |title=Wolves 1–1 Newcastle Utd: Allan Saint-Maximin volley earns Newcastle a point |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62621480 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Wolves a wasan da suka doke [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 1-0 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Neil |date=8 April 2023 |title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 Chelsea: Frank Lampard's first game as interim boss ends in defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145676 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Nunes ya fara takaddama da Wolves kan sha'awarsa ta barin kulob din bayan sun ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa na sayensa na £47.&nbsp;miliyan daga [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=24 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves reject Man City's £47m offer for Portugal midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66604463 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya kasa halartar atisaye da ƙungiyar, ba tare da izinin manaja Gary O'Neil ba na tsawon kwanaki biyu a jere a ƙoƙarin da yake yi na barin ƙungiyar, daga baya aka ci shi tara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves midfielder to be fined after missing training |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66642143 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Manchester City === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2023, an ruwaito cewa £53&nbsp;An amince da tayin miliyan ɗaya daga Manchester City ba tare da ƙarin ƙarin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=31 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes to Man City: Premier League champions agree £53m deal to sign Wolves midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66662060 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2023. Ɗan wasan ƙasar Portugal ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da zakarun Turai da Ingila masu ci gaba. Nunes ya fara buga wa Manchester City wasa a ranar 16 ga Satumba, bayan ya sauka daga benci, inda ya maye gurbin [[Phil Foden]] a minti na 67 da nasarar da suka samu a gasar Premier a gidan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] da ci 3-1. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar ''Citizens'', inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka doke [[Red Star Belgrade]] da ci 3-1 a gida a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marrett |first=Adam |date=21 September 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes makes an immediate impact in first start for City. |url=https://esteemedkompany.com/2023/09/21/matheus-nunes-makes-an-immediate-impact-in-first-start-for-manchester-city/ |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=Esteemed Kompany}}</ref> Kwanaki huɗu bayan haka, Nunes ya fara buga gasar Premier a karon farko a City, inda ya buga cikakken wasan a wasan da suka doke [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] da ci 2-0 a gida, inda ya taimaka wa [[Erling Haaland]] ya zura kwallo ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=Ten-man Man City show silk and steel to extend Premier League lead |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230923-ten-man-man-city-show-silk-and-steel-to-extend-premier-league-lead |access-date=23 September 2023 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> Nunes ya lashe kofinsa na farko a City a ranar 22 ga Disamba, yayin da kungiyar ta doke Fluminense da ci 4-0, inda Nunes ya taimaka wa [[Julián Álvarez|Julian Álvarez]] ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan karshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA Club World Cup na 2023. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a City a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2024 a gasar cin kofin EFL, inda ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi damar zura kwallo mai kyau a wasan da suka doke Watford da ci 2-1 a gida a zagaye na uku . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko [[UEFA Champions League|a gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka yi da Sparta Prague da bugun fenariti, yayin da kuma ya taimaka aka ci kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka ci 5-0 a gida. A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2025, Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Premier, wacce ta ci nasara a minti na 94, a wasan da suka doke [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] da ci 2-1 a gida. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A ranar 8 ga Agusta 2021, bayan ya zauna a ƙasar tsawon shekaru goma, Nunes ya karɓi fasfo ɗinsa na Portugal . Daga baya a wannan watan, a ranar haihuwarsa ta 23, manajan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Brazil]] Tite ya kira shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa tara da za su maye gurbin 'yan wasan da ke zaune a Burtaniya, don buga wasannin share fagen shiga [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]] da Chile, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Argentina|Argentina]] da Peru ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Seleção brasileira convoca nove jogadores para a data FIFA de setembro |trans-title=Brazil national team call up nine players for FIFA schedules in September |url=https://www.cbf.com.br/selecao-brasileira/noticias/selecao-masculina/selecao-brasileira-convoca-nove-jogadores-para-a-data-fifa-de-setembro |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Brazilian Football Confederation]] |language=pt}}</ref> Ya ƙi kiran, domin da ya kamata a killace shi bayan ya dawo saboda rashin samun cikakken [[Rigakafin Covid-19|allurar rigakafin COVID-19]] . Daga ƙarshe, Nunes ya yanke shawarar kin wakiltar ƙasar da aka haife shi, bayan da manajan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal Fernando Santos ya tuntube shi, wanda ya shawo kansa ya wakilci Portugal . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes decide não se apresentar à seleção brasileira |trans-title=Matheus Nunes decides against reporting to the Brazilian national team |url=https://tntsports.com.br/futebolbrasileiro/Matheus-Nunes-decide-nao-se-apresentar-a-selecao-brasileira-20210827-0027.html |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[TNT Sports (Argentina)|TNT Sports]] |language=pt}}</ref> Santos ya kira Nunes a ranar 30 ga Satumba 2021 don buga wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya da Luxembourg da kuma wasan sada zumunci da Qatar . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gouveia |first=Ricardo |date=30 September 2021 |title=Seleção: a lista de convocados de Fernando Santos |trans-title=National team: Fernando Santos' squad selection |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/portugal/selecao-nacional/selecao-a-lista-de-convocados-de-fernando-santos |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> Ya lashe wasansa na farko a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, inda ya fara wasan sada zumunci da Qatar da ci 3-0 a Algarve . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2021 |title=Portugal 3–0 Qatar – Diogo Costa, Matheus Nunes & Rafael Leão make their Seleção debuts |url=https://portugoal.net/selecao/2287-portugal-3-0-qatar-matheus-nunes-rafael-leao-make-their-selecao-debuts |access-date=10 October 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kasa da kasa a ranar 22 ga Maris a wasan da suka doke Turkiyya da ci 3-1 a gida a wasan kusa da na karshe na wasannin share fage na cancantar shiga gasar . A watan Oktoba, an sanya shi cikin jerin ' yan wasa 55 na farko da Portugal za ta fafata a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]] a Qatar, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thanveer |first=Dakir Mohammed |date=25 October 2022 |title=Portugal reportedly name provisional 55-man squad for 2022 FIFA World Cup; Liverpool star receives surprise call up |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/rumor-portugal-reportedly-announce-provisional-55-man-squad-2022-fifa-world-cup-liverpool-star-receives-surprise-call |access-date=9 November 2022 |publisher=Sportskeeda}}</ref> wanda aka sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasa 26 na karshe da za su fafata a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2022 |title=Os 26 convocados de Portugal: Gonçalo Ramos, António Silva, Otávio e Matheus Nunes chamados |trans-title=Portugal select 26: Gonçalo Ramos, António Silva, Otávio and Matheus Nunes called |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/mundial/artigos/os-26-convocados-de-portugal-para-o-mundial2022 |access-date=10 November 2022 |publisher=SAPO |language=pt}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuni 2024, an sanya shi cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar UEFA Euro 2024, a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Otávio da ya ji rauni, inda Faransa ta fitar da Portugal daga gasar a zagayen kwata-kwata, bayan ta sha kashi 5-3 a bugun fenariti . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=5 July 2024 |title=Portugal 0–0 France (France win 5–3 on pens) |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cy79llev4znt |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nzuat0d7oky0bl0z6rn3zeb0fy90gp2 975219 975217 2026-11-02T16:36:01Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382786993|Matheus Nunes]]" 975219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Portugal a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021, inda ya kammala nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Braga da ci 2-0. Na biyu ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin raunin da ya faru don taimakawa masu masaukin baki su doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a wasan Lisbon derby, inda aka nada shi gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Patrick |date=1 February 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes the hero in Sporting's late smash-and-grab versus rivals Benfica |url=https://portugoal.net/club-news/1949-matheus-nunes-the-hero-in-sporting-s-late-smash-and-grab-versus-rivals-benfica |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Bayan tafiyar João Mário, ya sami matsayi na dindindin a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, a wasansa na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA, ya taimaka wa [[Paulinho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi Nuwamba 1992)|Paulinho]] a wasan da Ajax ta sha kashi a gida da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=Sporting Lisbon 1–5 Ajax |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58577414 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa Sporting a wasanni shida a jere a gasar, ciki har da wasan Lisbon da Benfica, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo aka kuma ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a waje, an nada Nunes a matsayin Dan wasan tsakiya na watan gasar na watannin Oktoba da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes vence prémio de melhor médio do mês |trans-title=Matheus Nunes wins best midfielder of the montha ward |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1892237/matheus-nunes-vence-prmio-de-melhor-mdio-do-ms |access-date=25 March 2022 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2022, a zagaye na farko na zagaye na 16 na gasar zakarun Turai, duk da rashin nasarar da kungiyarsa ta yi a gida da ci 5-0 a hannun [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], [[Pep Guardiola]], wanda ya yi matukar farin ciki da rawar da Nunes ya taka, ya yaba masa a matsayin "daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a duniya". <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=Guardiola diz que "Matheus Nunes é um dos melhores do mundo" e que resultado com o Sporting "não espelha a diferença entre as equipas" |trans-title=Guardiola says that "Matheus Nunes is one of the world's best" and that the result against Sporting "does not reflect the difference between the teams |url=https://expresso.pt/expresso/2022-02-16-guardiola-diz-que-matheus-nunes-e-um-dos-melhores-do-mundo-e-que-resultado-com-o-sporting-nao-espelha-a-diferenca-entre-as-equipas |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=[[Expresso (newspaper)|Expresso]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nunes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta]] Ingila kan cinikin da ya kai darajar €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), wanda ya zarce tsohon dan uwansa Fabio Silva . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves sign Portugal midfielder for club record £38m fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62586975 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Wolves wasa bayan kwana uku, a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur a gasar Premier a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2022. Nunes ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a gidansu a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a Molineux a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2022 |title=Wolves 1–1 Newcastle Utd: Allan Saint-Maximin volley earns Newcastle a point |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62621480 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Wolves a wasan da suka doke [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 1-0 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Neil |date=8 April 2023 |title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 Chelsea: Frank Lampard's first game as interim boss ends in defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145676 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Nunes ya fara takaddama da Wolves kan sha'awarsa ta barin kulob din bayan sun ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa na sayensa na £47.&nbsp;miliyan daga [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=24 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves reject Man City's £47m offer for Portugal midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66604463 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya kasa halartar atisaye da ƙungiyar, ba tare da izinin manaja Gary O'Neil ba na tsawon kwanaki biyu a jere a ƙoƙarin da yake yi na barin ƙungiyar, daga baya aka ci shi tara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves midfielder to be fined after missing training |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66642143 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Manchester City === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2023, an ruwaito cewa £53&nbsp;An amince da tayin miliyan ɗaya daga Manchester City ba tare da ƙarin ƙarin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=31 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes to Man City: Premier League champions agree £53m deal to sign Wolves midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66662060 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2023. Ɗan wasan ƙasar Portugal ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da zakarun Turai da Ingila masu ci gaba. Nunes ya fara buga wa Manchester City wasa a ranar 16 ga Satumba, bayan ya sauka daga benci, inda ya maye gurbin [[Phil Foden]] a minti na 67 da nasarar da suka samu a gasar Premier a gidan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] da ci 3-1. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar ''Citizens'', inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka doke [[Red Star Belgrade]] da ci 3-1 a gida a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marrett |first=Adam |date=21 September 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes makes an immediate impact in first start for City. |url=https://esteemedkompany.com/2023/09/21/matheus-nunes-makes-an-immediate-impact-in-first-start-for-manchester-city/ |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=Esteemed Kompany}}</ref> Kwanaki huɗu bayan haka, Nunes ya fara buga gasar Premier a karon farko a City, inda ya buga cikakken wasan a wasan da suka doke [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] da ci 2-0 a gida, inda ya taimaka wa [[Erling Haaland]] ya zura kwallo ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=Ten-man Man City show silk and steel to extend Premier League lead |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230923-ten-man-man-city-show-silk-and-steel-to-extend-premier-league-lead |access-date=23 September 2023 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> Nunes ya lashe kofinsa na farko a City a ranar 22 ga Disamba, yayin da kungiyar ta doke Fluminense da ci 4-0, inda Nunes ya taimaka wa [[Julián Álvarez|Julian Álvarez]] ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan karshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA Club World Cup na 2023. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a City a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2024 a gasar cin kofin EFL, inda ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi damar zura kwallo mai kyau a wasan da suka doke Watford da ci 2-1 a gida a zagaye na uku . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko [[UEFA Champions League|a gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka yi da Sparta Prague da bugun fenariti, yayin da kuma ya taimaka aka ci kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka ci 5-0 a gida. A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2025, Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Premier, wacce ta ci nasara a minti na 94, a wasan da suka doke [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] da ci 2-1 a gida. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A ranar 8 ga Agusta 2021, bayan ya zauna a ƙasar tsawon shekaru goma, Nunes ya karɓi fasfo ɗinsa na Portugal . Daga baya a wannan watan, a ranar haihuwarsa ta 23, manajan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Brazil]] Tite ya kira shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa tara da za su maye gurbin 'yan wasan da ke zaune a Burtaniya, don buga wasannin share fagen shiga [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]] da Chile, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Argentina|Argentina]] da Peru ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Seleção brasileira convoca nove jogadores para a data FIFA de setembro |trans-title=Brazil national team call up nine players for FIFA schedules in September |url=https://www.cbf.com.br/selecao-brasileira/noticias/selecao-masculina/selecao-brasileira-convoca-nove-jogadores-para-a-data-fifa-de-setembro |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Brazilian Football Confederation]] |language=pt}}</ref> Ya ƙi kiran, domin da ya kamata a killace shi bayan ya dawo saboda rashin samun cikakken [[Rigakafin Covid-19|allurar rigakafin COVID-19]] . Daga ƙarshe, Nunes ya yanke shawarar kin wakiltar ƙasar da aka haife shi, bayan da manajan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal Fernando Santos ya tuntube shi, wanda ya shawo kansa ya wakilci Portugal . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes decide não se apresentar à seleção brasileira |trans-title=Matheus Nunes decides against reporting to the Brazilian national team |url=https://tntsports.com.br/futebolbrasileiro/Matheus-Nunes-decide-nao-se-apresentar-a-selecao-brasileira-20210827-0027.html |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[TNT Sports (Argentina)|TNT Sports]] |language=pt}}</ref> Santos ya kira Nunes a ranar 30 ga Satumba 2021 don buga wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya da Luxembourg da kuma wasan sada zumunci da Qatar . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gouveia |first=Ricardo |date=30 September 2021 |title=Seleção: a lista de convocados de Fernando Santos |trans-title=National team: Fernando Santos' squad selection |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/portugal/selecao-nacional/selecao-a-lista-de-convocados-de-fernando-santos |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> Ya lashe wasansa na farko a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, inda ya fara wasan sada zumunci da Qatar da ci 3-0 a Algarve . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2021 |title=Portugal 3–0 Qatar – Diogo Costa, Matheus Nunes & Rafael Leão make their Seleção debuts |url=https://portugoal.net/selecao/2287-portugal-3-0-qatar-matheus-nunes-rafael-leao-make-their-selecao-debuts |access-date=10 October 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kasa da kasa a ranar 22 ga Maris a wasan da suka doke Turkiyya da ci 3-1 a gida a wasan kusa da na karshe na wasannin share fage na cancantar shiga gasar . A watan Oktoba, an sanya shi cikin jerin ' yan wasa 55 na farko da Portugal za ta fafata a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]] a Qatar, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thanveer |first=Dakir Mohammed |date=25 October 2022 |title=Portugal reportedly name provisional 55-man squad for 2022 FIFA World Cup; Liverpool star receives surprise call up |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/rumor-portugal-reportedly-announce-provisional-55-man-squad-2022-fifa-world-cup-liverpool-star-receives-surprise-call |access-date=9 November 2022 |publisher=Sportskeeda}}</ref> wanda aka sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasa 26 na karshe da za su fafata a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2022 |title=Os 26 convocados de Portugal: Gonçalo Ramos, António Silva, Otávio e Matheus Nunes chamados |trans-title=Portugal select 26: Gonçalo Ramos, António Silva, Otávio and Matheus Nunes called |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/mundial/artigos/os-26-convocados-de-portugal-para-o-mundial2022 |access-date=10 November 2022 |publisher=SAPO |language=pt}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuni 2024, an sanya shi cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar UEFA Euro 2024, a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Otávio da ya ji rauni, inda Faransa ta fitar da Portugal daga gasar a zagayen kwata-kwata, bayan ta sha kashi 5-3 a bugun fenariti . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=5 July 2024 |title=Portugal 0–0 France (France win 5–3 on pens) |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cy79llev4znt |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Ana amfani da Nunes a matsayin mai zagaye biyu a cikin tsarin 3-4-3, yana aiki a matsayin lamba 8 yana neman ci gaba da bayar da gudummawa ga harin kuma yana da kyakkyawan kewayon wucewa, saboda yana iya yin nau'ikan wucewa daban-daban ko yana neman canza wasan ko ƙoƙarin karya layuka da wucewar da ke shiga, ko kuma wucewar da ke raba layin baya na abokan hamayya, wanda yake da tasiri sosai a kai. Yana kuma da ikon ɗaukar ƙwallon da kuma yin gudu mai ci gaba, ta amfani da haɗin gudu da ƙarfi don yin waɗannan gudu, yayin da kuma yake nuna kyakkyawan dabara a kan ƙwallon. Nunes kuma yana da kyakkyawan fata da kuma karanta wasan, wanda hakan ke ba shi damar yin amfani da dabarun katsewa da ƙalubale masu kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes 2021/22: The Portuguese midfielder impressing in the Primeira Liga – Scout Report |url=https://totalfootballanalysis.com/competitions/primeira-liga/primeira-liga-2021-22-matheus-nunes-scout-report-tactical-analysis-analysis}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ga77rr6sl1hop72vylom241s9wey8ig 975220 975219 2026-11-02T16:36:48Z Dev ammar 21046 975220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Portugal a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021, inda ya kammala nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Braga da ci 2-0. Na biyu ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin raunin da ya faru don taimakawa masu masaukin baki su doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a wasan Lisbon derby, inda aka nada shi gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Patrick |date=1 February 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes the hero in Sporting's late smash-and-grab versus rivals Benfica |url=https://portugoal.net/club-news/1949-matheus-nunes-the-hero-in-sporting-s-late-smash-and-grab-versus-rivals-benfica |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Bayan tafiyar João Mário, ya sami matsayi na dindindin a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, a wasansa na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA, ya taimaka wa [[Paulinho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi Nuwamba 1992)|Paulinho]] a wasan da Ajax ta sha kashi a gida da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=Sporting Lisbon 1–5 Ajax |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58577414 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa Sporting a wasanni shida a jere a gasar, ciki har da wasan Lisbon da Benfica, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo aka kuma ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a waje, an nada Nunes a matsayin Dan wasan tsakiya na watan gasar na watannin Oktoba da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes vence prémio de melhor médio do mês |trans-title=Matheus Nunes wins best midfielder of the montha ward |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1892237/matheus-nunes-vence-prmio-de-melhor-mdio-do-ms |access-date=25 March 2022 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2022, a zagaye na farko na zagaye na 16 na gasar zakarun Turai, duk da rashin nasarar da kungiyarsa ta yi a gida da ci 5-0 a hannun [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], [[Pep Guardiola]], wanda ya yi matukar farin ciki da rawar da Nunes ya taka, ya yaba masa a matsayin "daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a duniya". <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=Guardiola diz que "Matheus Nunes é um dos melhores do mundo" e que resultado com o Sporting "não espelha a diferença entre as equipas" |trans-title=Guardiola says that "Matheus Nunes is one of the world's best" and that the result against Sporting "does not reflect the difference between the teams |url=https://expresso.pt/expresso/2022-02-16-guardiola-diz-que-matheus-nunes-e-um-dos-melhores-do-mundo-e-que-resultado-com-o-sporting-nao-espelha-a-diferenca-entre-as-equipas |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=[[Expresso (newspaper)|Expresso]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nunes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta]] Ingila kan cinikin da ya kai darajar €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), wanda ya zarce tsohon dan uwansa Fabio Silva . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves sign Portugal midfielder for club record £38m fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62586975 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Wolves wasa bayan kwana uku, a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur a gasar Premier a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2022. Nunes ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a gidansu a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a Molineux a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2022 |title=Wolves 1–1 Newcastle Utd: Allan Saint-Maximin volley earns Newcastle a point |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62621480 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Wolves a wasan da suka doke [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 1-0 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Neil |date=8 April 2023 |title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 Chelsea: Frank Lampard's first game as interim boss ends in defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145676 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Nunes ya fara takaddama da Wolves kan sha'awarsa ta barin kulob din bayan sun ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa na sayensa na £47.&nbsp;miliyan daga [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=24 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves reject Man City's £47m offer for Portugal midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66604463 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya kasa halartar atisaye da ƙungiyar, ba tare da izinin manaja Gary O'Neil ba na tsawon kwanaki biyu a jere a ƙoƙarin da yake yi na barin ƙungiyar, daga baya aka ci shi tara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves midfielder to be fined after missing training |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66642143 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Manchester City === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2023, an ruwaito cewa £53&nbsp;An amince da tayin miliyan ɗaya daga Manchester City ba tare da ƙarin ƙarin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=31 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes to Man City: Premier League champions agree £53m deal to sign Wolves midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66662060 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2023. Ɗan wasan ƙasar Portugal ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da zakarun Turai da Ingila masu ci gaba. Nunes ya fara buga wa Manchester City wasa a ranar 16 ga Satumba, bayan ya sauka daga benci, inda ya maye gurbin [[Phil Foden]] a minti na 67 da nasarar da suka samu a gasar Premier a gidan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] da ci 3-1. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar ''Citizens'', inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka doke [[Red Star Belgrade]] da ci 3-1 a gida a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marrett |first=Adam |date=21 September 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes makes an immediate impact in first start for City. |url=https://esteemedkompany.com/2023/09/21/matheus-nunes-makes-an-immediate-impact-in-first-start-for-manchester-city/ |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=Esteemed Kompany}}</ref> Kwanaki huɗu bayan haka, Nunes ya fara buga gasar Premier a karon farko a City, inda ya buga cikakken wasan a wasan da suka doke [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] da ci 2-0 a gida, inda ya taimaka wa [[Erling Haaland]] ya zura kwallo ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=Ten-man Man City show silk and steel to extend Premier League lead |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230923-ten-man-man-city-show-silk-and-steel-to-extend-premier-league-lead |access-date=23 September 2023 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> Nunes ya lashe kofinsa na farko a City a ranar 22 ga Disamba, yayin da kungiyar ta doke Fluminense da ci 4-0, inda Nunes ya taimaka wa [[Julián Álvarez|Julian Álvarez]] ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan karshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA Club World Cup na 2023. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a City a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2024 a gasar cin kofin EFL, inda ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi damar zura kwallo mai kyau a wasan da suka doke Watford da ci 2-1 a gida a zagaye na uku . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko [[UEFA Champions League|a gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka yi da Sparta Prague da bugun fenariti, yayin da kuma ya taimaka aka ci kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka ci 5-0 a gida. A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2025, Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Premier, wacce ta ci nasara a minti na 94, a wasan da suka doke [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] da ci 2-1 a gida. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A ranar 8 ga Agusta 2021, bayan ya zauna a ƙasar tsawon shekaru goma, Nunes ya karɓi fasfo ɗinsa na Portugal . Daga baya a wannan watan, a ranar haihuwarsa ta 23, manajan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Brazil]] Tite ya kira shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa tara da za su maye gurbin 'yan wasan da ke zaune a Burtaniya, don buga wasannin share fagen shiga [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]] da Chile, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Argentina|Argentina]] da Peru ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Seleção brasileira convoca nove jogadores para a data FIFA de setembro |trans-title=Brazil national team call up nine players for FIFA schedules in September |url=https://www.cbf.com.br/selecao-brasileira/noticias/selecao-masculina/selecao-brasileira-convoca-nove-jogadores-para-a-data-fifa-de-setembro |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Brazilian Football Confederation]] |language=pt}}</ref> Ya ƙi kiran, domin da ya kamata a killace shi bayan ya dawo saboda rashin samun cikakken [[Rigakafin Covid-19|allurar rigakafin COVID-19]] . Daga ƙarshe, Nunes ya yanke shawarar kin wakiltar ƙasar da aka haife shi, bayan da manajan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal Fernando Santos ya tuntube shi, wanda ya shawo kansa ya wakilci Portugal . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes decide não se apresentar à seleção brasileira |trans-title=Matheus Nunes decides against reporting to the Brazilian national team |url=https://tntsports.com.br/futebolbrasileiro/Matheus-Nunes-decide-nao-se-apresentar-a-selecao-brasileira-20210827-0027.html |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[TNT Sports (Argentina)|TNT Sports]] |language=pt}}</ref> Santos ya kira Nunes a ranar 30 ga Satumba 2021 don buga wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya da Luxembourg da kuma wasan sada zumunci da Qatar . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gouveia |first=Ricardo |date=30 September 2021 |title=Seleção: a lista de convocados de Fernando Santos |trans-title=National team: Fernando Santos' squad selection |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/portugal/selecao-nacional/selecao-a-lista-de-convocados-de-fernando-santos |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> Ya lashe wasansa na farko a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, inda ya fara wasan sada zumunci da Qatar da ci 3-0 a Algarve . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2021 |title=Portugal 3–0 Qatar – Diogo Costa, Matheus Nunes & Rafael Leão make their Seleção debuts |url=https://portugoal.net/selecao/2287-portugal-3-0-qatar-matheus-nunes-rafael-leao-make-their-selecao-debuts |access-date=10 October 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kasa da kasa a ranar 22 ga Maris a wasan da suka doke Turkiyya da ci 3-1 a gida a wasan kusa da na karshe na wasannin share fage na cancantar shiga gasar . A watan Oktoba, an sanya shi cikin jerin ' yan wasa 55 na farko da Portugal za ta fafata a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]] a Qatar, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thanveer |first=Dakir Mohammed |date=25 October 2022 |title=Portugal reportedly name provisional 55-man squad for 2022 FIFA World Cup; Liverpool star receives surprise call up |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/rumor-portugal-reportedly-announce-provisional-55-man-squad-2022-fifa-world-cup-liverpool-star-receives-surprise-call |access-date=9 November 2022 |publisher=Sportskeeda}}</ref> wanda aka sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasa 26 na karshe da za su fafata a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2022 |title=Os 26 convocados de Portugal: Gonçalo Ramos, António Silva, Otávio e Matheus Nunes chamados |trans-title=Portugal select 26: Gonçalo Ramos, António Silva, Otávio and Matheus Nunes called |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/mundial/artigos/os-26-convocados-de-portugal-para-o-mundial2022 |access-date=10 November 2022 |publisher=SAPO |language=pt}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuni 2024, an sanya shi cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar UEFA Euro 2024, a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Otávio da ya ji rauni, inda Faransa ta fitar da Portugal daga gasar a zagayen kwata-kwata, bayan ta sha kashi 5-3 a bugun fenariti . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=5 July 2024 |title=Portugal 0–0 France (France win 5–3 on pens) |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cy79llev4znt |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Ana amfani da Nunes a matsayin mai zagaye biyu a cikin tsarin 3-4-3, yana aiki a matsayin lamba 8 yana neman ci gaba da bayar da gudummawa ga harin kuma yana da kyakkyawan kewayon wucewa, saboda yana iya yin nau'ikan wucewa daban-daban ko yana neman canza wasan ko ƙoƙarin karya layuka da wucewar da ke shiga, ko kuma wucewar da ke raba layin baya na abokan hamayya, wanda yake da tasiri sosai a kai. Yana kuma da ikon ɗaukar ƙwallon da kuma yin gudu mai ci gaba, ta amfani da haɗin gudu da ƙarfi don yin waɗannan gudu, yayin da kuma yake nuna kyakkyawan dabara a kan ƙwallon. Nunes kuma yana da kyakkyawan fata da kuma karanta wasan, wanda hakan ke ba shi damar yin amfani da dabarun katsewa da ƙalubale masu kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes 2021/22: The Portuguese midfielder impressing in the Primeira Liga – Scout Report |url=https://totalfootballanalysis.com/competitions/primeira-liga/primeira-liga-2021-22-matheus-nunes-scout-report-tactical-analysis-analysis}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hwpsxo3mkpcrv53i2ezlj8712f1amgu 975221 975220 2026-11-02T16:37:30Z Dev ammar 21046 975221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Portugal a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021, inda ya kammala nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Braga da ci 2-0. Na biyu ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin raunin da ya faru don taimakawa masu masaukin baki su doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a wasan Lisbon derby, inda aka nada shi gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Patrick |date=1 February 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes the hero in Sporting's late smash-and-grab versus rivals Benfica |url=https://portugoal.net/club-news/1949-matheus-nunes-the-hero-in-sporting-s-late-smash-and-grab-versus-rivals-benfica |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Bayan tafiyar João Mário, ya sami matsayi na dindindin a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, a wasansa na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA, ya taimaka wa [[Paulinho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi Nuwamba 1992)|Paulinho]] a wasan da Ajax ta sha kashi a gida da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=Sporting Lisbon 1–5 Ajax |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58577414 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa Sporting a wasanni shida a jere a gasar, ciki har da wasan Lisbon da Benfica, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo aka kuma ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a waje, an nada Nunes a matsayin Dan wasan tsakiya na watan gasar na watannin Oktoba da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes vence prémio de melhor médio do mês |trans-title=Matheus Nunes wins best midfielder of the montha ward |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1892237/matheus-nunes-vence-prmio-de-melhor-mdio-do-ms |access-date=25 March 2022 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2022, a zagaye na farko na zagaye na 16 na gasar zakarun Turai, duk da rashin nasarar da kungiyarsa ta yi a gida da ci 5-0 a hannun [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], [[Pep Guardiola]], wanda ya yi matukar farin ciki da rawar da Nunes ya taka, ya yaba masa a matsayin "daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a duniya". <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=Guardiola diz que "Matheus Nunes é um dos melhores do mundo" e que resultado com o Sporting "não espelha a diferença entre as equipas" |trans-title=Guardiola says that "Matheus Nunes is one of the world's best" and that the result against Sporting "does not reflect the difference between the teams |url=https://expresso.pt/expresso/2022-02-16-guardiola-diz-que-matheus-nunes-e-um-dos-melhores-do-mundo-e-que-resultado-com-o-sporting-nao-espelha-a-diferenca-entre-as-equipas |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=[[Expresso (newspaper)|Expresso]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nunes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta]] Ingila kan cinikin da ya kai darajar €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), wanda ya zarce tsohon dan uwansa Fabio Silva . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves sign Portugal midfielder for club record £38m fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62586975 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Wolves wasa bayan kwana uku, a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur a gasar Premier a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2022. Nunes ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a gidansu a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a Molineux a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2022 |title=Wolves 1–1 Newcastle Utd: Allan Saint-Maximin volley earns Newcastle a point |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62621480 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Wolves a wasan da suka doke [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 1-0 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Neil |date=8 April 2023 |title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 Chelsea: Frank Lampard's first game as interim boss ends in defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145676 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Nunes ya fara takaddama da Wolves kan sha'awarsa ta barin kulob din bayan sun ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa na sayensa na £47.&nbsp;miliyan daga [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=24 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves reject Man City's £47m offer for Portugal midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66604463 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya kasa halartar atisaye da ƙungiyar, ba tare da izinin manaja Gary O'Neil ba na tsawon kwanaki biyu a jere a ƙoƙarin da yake yi na barin ƙungiyar, daga baya aka ci shi tara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves midfielder to be fined after missing training |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66642143 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Manchester City === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2023, an ruwaito cewa £53&nbsp;An amince da tayin miliyan ɗaya daga Manchester City ba tare da ƙarin ƙarin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=31 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes to Man City: Premier League champions agree £53m deal to sign Wolves midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66662060 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2023. Ɗan wasan ƙasar Portugal ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da zakarun Turai da Ingila masu ci gaba. Nunes ya fara buga wa Manchester City wasa a ranar 16 ga Satumba, bayan ya sauka daga benci, inda ya maye gurbin [[Phil Foden]] a minti na 67 da nasarar da suka samu a gasar Premier a gidan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] da ci 3-1. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar ''Citizens'', inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka doke [[Red Star Belgrade]] da ci 3-1 a gida a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marrett |first=Adam |date=21 September 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes makes an immediate impact in first start for City. |url=https://esteemedkompany.com/2023/09/21/matheus-nunes-makes-an-immediate-impact-in-first-start-for-manchester-city/ |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=Esteemed Kompany}}</ref> Kwanaki huɗu bayan haka, Nunes ya fara buga gasar Premier a karon farko a City, inda ya buga cikakken wasan a wasan da suka doke [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] da ci 2-0 a gida, inda ya taimaka wa [[Erling Haaland]] ya zura kwallo ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=Ten-man Man City show silk and steel to extend Premier League lead |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230923-ten-man-man-city-show-silk-and-steel-to-extend-premier-league-lead |access-date=23 September 2023 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> Nunes ya lashe kofinsa na farko a City a ranar 22 ga Disamba, yayin da kungiyar ta doke Fluminense da ci 4-0, inda Nunes ya taimaka wa [[Julián Álvarez|Julian Álvarez]] ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan karshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA Club World Cup na 2023. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a City a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2024 a gasar cin kofin EFL, inda ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi damar zura kwallo mai kyau a wasan da suka doke Watford da ci 2-1 a gida a zagaye na uku . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko [[UEFA Champions League|a gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka yi da Sparta Prague da bugun fenariti, yayin da kuma ya taimaka aka ci kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka ci 5-0 a gida. A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2025, Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Premier, wacce ta ci nasara a minti na 94, a wasan da suka doke [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] da ci 2-1 a gida. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A ranar 8 ga Agusta 2021, bayan ya zauna a ƙasar tsawon shekaru goma, Nunes ya karɓi fasfo ɗinsa na Portugal . Daga baya a wannan watan, a ranar haihuwarsa ta 23, manajan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Brazil]] Tite ya kira shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa tara da za su maye gurbin 'yan wasan da ke zaune a Burtaniya, don buga wasannin share fagen shiga [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]] da Chile, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Argentina|Argentina]] da Peru ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Seleção brasileira convoca nove jogadores para a data FIFA de setembro |trans-title=Brazil national team call up nine players for FIFA schedules in September |url=https://www.cbf.com.br/selecao-brasileira/noticias/selecao-masculina/selecao-brasileira-convoca-nove-jogadores-para-a-data-fifa-de-setembro |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Brazilian Football Confederation]] |language=pt}}</ref> Ya ƙi kiran, domin da ya kamata a killace shi bayan ya dawo saboda rashin samun cikakken [[Rigakafin Covid-19|allurar rigakafin COVID-19]] . Daga ƙarshe, Nunes ya yanke shawarar kin wakiltar ƙasar da aka haife shi, bayan da manajan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal Fernando Santos ya tuntube shi, wanda ya shawo kansa ya wakilci Portugal . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes decide não se apresentar à seleção brasileira |trans-title=Matheus Nunes decides against reporting to the Brazilian national team |url=https://tntsports.com.br/futebolbrasileiro/Matheus-Nunes-decide-nao-se-apresentar-a-selecao-brasileira-20210827-0027.html |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[TNT Sports (Argentina)|TNT Sports]] |language=pt}}</ref> Santos ya kira Nunes a ranar 30 ga Satumba 2021 don buga wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya da Luxembourg da kuma wasan sada zumunci da Qatar . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gouveia |first=Ricardo |date=30 September 2021 |title=Seleção: a lista de convocados de Fernando Santos |trans-title=National team: Fernando Santos' squad selection |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/portugal/selecao-nacional/selecao-a-lista-de-convocados-de-fernando-santos |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> Ya lashe wasansa na farko a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, inda ya fara wasan sada zumunci da Qatar da ci 3-0 a Algarve . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2021 |title=Portugal 3–0 Qatar – Diogo Costa, Matheus Nunes & Rafael Leão make their Seleção debuts |url=https://portugoal.net/selecao/2287-portugal-3-0-qatar-matheus-nunes-rafael-leao-make-their-selecao-debuts |access-date=10 October 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kasa da kasa a ranar 22 ga Maris a wasan da suka doke Turkiyya da ci 3-1 a gida a wasan kusa da na karshe na wasannin share fage na cancantar shiga gasar . A watan Oktoba, an sanya shi cikin jerin ' yan wasa 55 na farko da Portugal za ta fafata a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]] a Qatar, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thanveer |first=Dakir Mohammed |date=25 October 2022 |title=Portugal reportedly name provisional 55-man squad for 2022 FIFA World Cup; Liverpool star receives surprise call up |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/rumor-portugal-reportedly-announce-provisional-55-man-squad-2022-fifa-world-cup-liverpool-star-receives-surprise-call |access-date=9 November 2022 |publisher=Sportskeeda}}</ref> wanda aka sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasa 26 na karshe da za su fafata a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2022 |title=Os 26 convocados de Portugal: Gonçalo Ramos, António Silva, Otávio e Matheus Nunes chamados |trans-title=Portugal select 26: Gonçalo Ramos, António Silva, Otávio and Matheus Nunes called |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/mundial/artigos/os-26-convocados-de-portugal-para-o-mundial2022 |access-date=10 November 2022 |publisher=SAPO |language=pt}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuni 2024, an sanya shi cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar UEFA Euro 2024, a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Otávio da ya ji rauni, inda Faransa ta fitar da Portugal daga gasar a zagayen kwata-kwata, bayan ta sha kashi 5-3 a bugun fenariti . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=5 July 2024 |title=Portugal 0–0 France (France win 5–3 on pens) |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cy79llev4znt |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Ana amfani da Nunes a matsayin mai zagaye biyu a cikin tsarin 3-4-3, yana aiki a matsayin lamba 8 yana neman ci gaba da bayar da gudummawa ga harin kuma yana da kyakkyawan kewayon wucewa, saboda yana iya yin nau'ikan wucewa daban-daban ko yana neman canza wasan ko ƙoƙarin karya layuka da wucewar da ke shiga, ko kuma wucewar da ke raba layin baya na abokan hamayya, wanda yake da tasiri sosai a kai. Yana kuma da ikon ɗaukar ƙwallon da kuma yin gudu mai ci gaba, ta amfani da haɗin gudu da ƙarfi don yin waɗannan gudu, yayin da kuma yake nuna kyakkyawan dabara a kan ƙwallon. Nunes kuma yana da kyakkyawan fata da kuma karanta wasan, wanda hakan ke ba shi damar yin amfani da dabarun katsewa da ƙalubale masu kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes 2021/22: The Portuguese midfielder impressing in the Primeira Liga – Scout Report |url=https://totalfootballanalysis.com/competitions/primeira-liga/primeira-liga-2021-22-matheus-nunes-scout-report-tactical-analysis-analysis}}</ref> ==Manazarta== [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] qi9ku3sa4me4qdptzfjub7ts3pisayz 975261 975221 2026-11-02T17:34:45Z Adamu mc 32775 Edit 975261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Matheus Luiz Nunes''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Premier League ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Portugal . Nunes, wanda galibi [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] a farkon aikinsa, an kuma tura shi a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] daga baya a aikinsa. Nunes ya fara aikinsa ne da Ericeirense, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar LigaPro ta Estoril . A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, Nunes ya taka rawa sosai a ƙungiyar reserve, kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Sporting CP ta Primeira Liga a watan Janairun 2019. Tare da Sporting, Nunes ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga da kuma gasar Taças da Liga a jere a 2021 da 2022, yayin da yake cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar sau biyu a 2021. A watan Agusta, Nunes ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta Premier]] don siyan ɗan wasa mafi tsada a ƙungiyar, wanda darajarsa ta kai €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Premier ta Manchester City a kakar wasa mai zuwa. An haifi Nunes a Brazil, kuma ya koma Portugal yana da shekaru 12. Ya zaɓi buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal wasa, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2021, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyar a [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|shekarar 2022]] da [[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] da kuma [[Gasar Turai ta UEFA|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a shekarar 2024 . == Aikin kulob == [[File:Matheus_Nunes_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Nunes na atisaye tare da Sporting CP a shekarar 2021]] An haifi Nunes a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . Bayan mahaifinsa ya bar iyalinsa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matheus Nunes dedica título à mãe: "Faço tudo por ela. Nunca soube o que era ter um pai" |trans-title=Matheus Nunes dedicates title to his mother: ″I do everything for her. I never knew what is like to have a father″ |url=https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/sporting/noticias/matheus-nunes-dedica-titulo-a-mae-faco-tudo-por-ela-nunca-soube-o-que-era-ter-um-pai-13760700.html |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ojogo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nunes ya koma Ericeira, gundumar Lisbon yana da shekaru 12 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma uban gidansa ɗan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes explica bom domínio do inglês com raízes familiares |trans-title=Matheus Nunes explains his good command of English with his roots |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2056454/matheus-nunes-explica-bom-dominio-do-ingles-com-raizes-familiares |access-date=7 June 2023 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar Ericeirense ta gida a rukuni na 6, kuma don taimaka wa iyalinsa, ya kuma yi aiki a gidan burodi na uban gidansa na ɗan lokaci yayin da yake wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassucci |first=Bruno |last2=Zarko |first2=Raphael |date=27 August 2021 |title=Quem é Matheus Nunes, a novidade de Tite que estava na mira de Portugal e foi padeiro no início da carreira |trans-title=Who is Matheus Nunes, Tite's new face who was poised for Portugal and was a baker at the beginning of his career |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/na-mira-de-portugal-quem-e-matheus-nunes-foi-padeiro-e-atleta-no-inicio-da-carreira-em-lisboa.ghtml |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Ericeirense wasa a kakar wasa ta 2015-16, a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Lisbon . Ya fara wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2017 a filin wasa na Oriental, amma bai sanya hannu ba saboda raunin cinyarsa, daga baya ya koma kulob dinsa na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Esteves |first=Adérito |date=2 February 2021 |title=De chumbado no Benfica a mina de ouro de Varandas: quem é Matheus Nunes? |trans-title=From not making the cut at Benfica to Varandas gold mine: who is Matheus Nunes? |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/perfil/historia/de-chumbado-no-benfica-a-mina-de-ouro-de-varandas-quem-e-matheus-nunes |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> === Estoril === Nunes ya rattaba hannu da Estoril a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018. Ya fara buga wasa a gasar LigaPro a ranar 14 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Varzim, inda ya fara wasa amma ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen rabin farko. A mafi yawan lokacin sihirinsa, yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Tiago |date=24 May 2020 |title=Olheiro BnR {{!}} Matheus Nunes |trans-title=BnR scout {{!}} Matheus Nunes |url=https://bolanarede.pt/rubricas/olheirobnr/olheiro-bnr-matheus-nunes-2/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Bola Na Rede |language=pt}}</ref> === CP na Wasanni === A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2019, Nunes ya koma Sporting CP na Primeira Liga kan kwangilar shekaru biyar da rabi kan kuɗin €500,000 don rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki, da kuma €45.&nbsp;yarjejeniyar siyan miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title="Sporting pode exercer opção por Matheus Nunes até janeiro" |trans-title="Sporting may exercise option on Matheus Nunes until January" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1483319/sporting-pode-exercer-opcao-por-matheus-nunes-ate-janeiro |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ƙungiyar masu binciken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sporting ta lura da rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Sporting a gasar rukuni ta Taça da Liga a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda ta yanke shawarar ɗaukarsa. Bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta ƙungiyar wasa, Nunes ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa ƙungiyar farko daga manaja Ruben Amorim a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2020, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães a gasar Primeira Liga. A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ya amince da tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda, inda ya ƙara farashin siyansa daga €45&nbsp;miliyan zuwa €60&nbsp;miliyan, inda ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar biyan Estoril €450,000 don sauran rabin haƙƙinsa na tattalin arziki. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Portugal a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2021, inda ya kammala nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Braga da ci 2-0. Na biyu ya zo ne a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a lokacin raunin da ya faru don taimakawa masu masaukin baki su doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a wasan Lisbon derby, inda aka nada shi gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Patrick |date=1 February 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes the hero in Sporting's late smash-and-grab versus rivals Benfica |url=https://portugoal.net/club-news/1949-matheus-nunes-the-hero-in-sporting-s-late-smash-and-grab-versus-rivals-benfica |access-date=19 April 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Bayan tafiyar João Mário, ya sami matsayi na dindindin a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya, kuma a ranar 15 ga Satumba, a wasansa na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA, ya taimaka wa [[Paulinho (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi Nuwamba 1992)|Paulinho]] a wasan da Ajax ta sha kashi a gida da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=Sporting Lisbon 1–5 Ajax |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58577414 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa Sporting a wasanni shida a jere a gasar, ciki har da wasan Lisbon da Benfica, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo aka kuma ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1 a waje, an nada Nunes a matsayin Dan wasan tsakiya na watan gasar na watannin Oktoba da Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes vence prémio de melhor médio do mês |trans-title=Matheus Nunes wins best midfielder of the montha ward |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1892237/matheus-nunes-vence-prmio-de-melhor-mdio-do-ms |access-date=25 March 2022 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2022, a zagaye na farko na zagaye na 16 na gasar zakarun Turai, duk da rashin nasarar da kungiyarsa ta yi a gida da ci 5-0 a hannun [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], [[Pep Guardiola]], wanda ya yi matukar farin ciki da rawar da Nunes ya taka, ya yaba masa a matsayin "daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a duniya". <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=Guardiola diz que "Matheus Nunes é um dos melhores do mundo" e que resultado com o Sporting "não espelha a diferença entre as equipas" |trans-title=Guardiola says that "Matheus Nunes is one of the world's best" and that the result against Sporting "does not reflect the difference between the teams |url=https://expresso.pt/expresso/2022-02-16-guardiola-diz-que-matheus-nunes-e-um-dos-melhores-do-mundo-e-que-resultado-com-o-sporting-nao-espelha-a-diferenca-entre-as-equipas |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=[[Expresso (newspaper)|Expresso]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nunes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers [[Premier League|ta]] Ingila kan cinikin da ya kai darajar €45.&nbsp;miliyan (£38)&nbsp;miliyan), wanda ya zarce tsohon dan uwansa Fabio Silva . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves sign Portugal midfielder for club record £38m fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62586975 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya fara buga wa Wolves wasa bayan kwana uku, a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a filin wasa na Tottenham Hotspur a gasar Premier a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2022. Nunes ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a gidansu a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a Molineux a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2022 |title=Wolves 1–1 Newcastle Utd: Allan Saint-Maximin volley earns Newcastle a point |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62621480 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Wolves a wasan da suka doke [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 1-0 a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Neil |date=8 April 2023 |title=Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 Chelsea: Frank Lampard's first game as interim boss ends in defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145676 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Nunes ya fara takaddama da Wolves kan sha'awarsa ta barin kulob din bayan sun ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa na sayensa na £47.&nbsp;miliyan daga [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=24 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves reject Man City's £47m offer for Portugal midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66604463 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nunes ya kasa halartar atisaye da ƙungiyar, ba tare da izinin manaja Gary O'Neil ba na tsawon kwanaki biyu a jere a ƙoƙarin da yake yi na barin ƙungiyar, daga baya aka ci shi tara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=28 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes: Wolves midfielder to be fined after missing training |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66642143 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Manchester City === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2023, an ruwaito cewa £53&nbsp;An amince da tayin miliyan ɗaya daga Manchester City ba tare da ƙarin ƙarin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=31 August 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes to Man City: Premier League champions agree £53m deal to sign Wolves midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66662060 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2023. Ɗan wasan ƙasar Portugal ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da zakarun Turai da Ingila masu ci gaba. Nunes ya fara buga wa Manchester City wasa a ranar 16 ga Satumba, bayan ya sauka daga benci, inda ya maye gurbin [[Phil Foden]] a minti na 67 da nasarar da suka samu a gasar Premier a gidan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] da ci 3-1. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar ''Citizens'', inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka doke [[Red Star Belgrade]] da ci 3-1 a gida a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marrett |first=Adam |date=21 September 2023 |title=Matheus Nunes makes an immediate impact in first start for City. |url=https://esteemedkompany.com/2023/09/21/matheus-nunes-makes-an-immediate-impact-in-first-start-for-manchester-city/ |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=Esteemed Kompany}}</ref> Kwanaki huɗu bayan haka, Nunes ya fara buga gasar Premier a karon farko a City, inda ya buga cikakken wasan a wasan da suka doke [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] da ci 2-0 a gida, inda ya taimaka wa [[Erling Haaland]] ya zura kwallo ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=Ten-man Man City show silk and steel to extend Premier League lead |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230923-ten-man-man-city-show-silk-and-steel-to-extend-premier-league-lead |access-date=23 September 2023 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> Nunes ya lashe kofinsa na farko a City a ranar 22 ga Disamba, yayin da kungiyar ta doke Fluminense da ci 4-0, inda Nunes ya taimaka wa [[Julián Álvarez|Julian Álvarez]] ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan karshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA Club World Cup na 2023. Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a City a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2024 a gasar cin kofin EFL, inda ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi damar zura kwallo mai kyau a wasan da suka doke Watford da ci 2-1 a gida a zagaye na uku . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko [[UEFA Champions League|a gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka yi da Sparta Prague da bugun fenariti, yayin da kuma ya taimaka aka ci kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka ci 5-0 a gida. A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2025, Nunes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Premier, wacce ta ci nasara a minti na 94, a wasan da suka doke [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] da ci 2-1 a gida. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A ranar 8 ga Agusta 2021, bayan ya zauna a ƙasar tsawon shekaru goma, Nunes ya karɓi fasfo ɗinsa na Portugal . Daga baya a wannan watan, a ranar haihuwarsa ta 23, manajan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Brazil]] Tite ya kira shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa tara da za su maye gurbin 'yan wasan da ke zaune a Burtaniya, don buga wasannin share fagen shiga [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]] da Chile, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Argentina|Argentina]] da Peru ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Seleção brasileira convoca nove jogadores para a data FIFA de setembro |trans-title=Brazil national team call up nine players for FIFA schedules in September |url=https://www.cbf.com.br/selecao-brasileira/noticias/selecao-masculina/selecao-brasileira-convoca-nove-jogadores-para-a-data-fifa-de-setembro |access-date=28 August 2021 |publisher=[[Brazilian Football Confederation]] |language=pt}}</ref> Ya ƙi kiran, domin da ya kamata a killace shi bayan ya dawo saboda rashin samun cikakken [[Rigakafin Covid-19|allurar rigakafin COVID-19]] . Daga ƙarshe, Nunes ya yanke shawarar kin wakiltar ƙasar da aka haife shi, bayan da manajan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal Fernando Santos ya tuntube shi, wanda ya shawo kansa ya wakilci Portugal . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes decide não se apresentar à seleção brasileira |trans-title=Matheus Nunes decides against reporting to the Brazilian national team |url=https://tntsports.com.br/futebolbrasileiro/Matheus-Nunes-decide-nao-se-apresentar-a-selecao-brasileira-20210827-0027.html |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[TNT Sports (Argentina)|TNT Sports]] |language=pt}}</ref> Santos ya kira Nunes a ranar 30 ga Satumba 2021 don buga wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya da Luxembourg da kuma wasan sada zumunci da Qatar . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gouveia |first=Ricardo |date=30 September 2021 |title=Seleção: a lista de convocados de Fernando Santos |trans-title=National team: Fernando Santos' squad selection |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/portugal/selecao-nacional/selecao-a-lista-de-convocados-de-fernando-santos |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> Ya lashe wasansa na farko a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, inda ya fara wasan sada zumunci da Qatar da ci 3-0 a Algarve . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2021 |title=Portugal 3–0 Qatar – Diogo Costa, Matheus Nunes & Rafael Leão make their Seleção debuts |url=https://portugoal.net/selecao/2287-portugal-3-0-qatar-matheus-nunes-rafael-leao-make-their-selecao-debuts |access-date=10 October 2021 |publisher=PortuGOAL}}</ref> Ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kasa da kasa a ranar 22 ga Maris a wasan da suka doke Turkiyya da ci 3-1 a gida a wasan kusa da na karshe na wasannin share fage na cancantar shiga gasar . A watan Oktoba, an sanya shi cikin jerin ' yan wasa 55 na farko da Portugal za ta fafata a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]] a Qatar, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thanveer |first=Dakir Mohammed |date=25 October 2022 |title=Portugal reportedly name provisional 55-man squad for 2022 FIFA World Cup; Liverpool star receives surprise call up |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/rumor-portugal-reportedly-announce-provisional-55-man-squad-2022-fifa-world-cup-liverpool-star-receives-surprise-call |access-date=9 November 2022 |publisher=Sportskeeda}}</ref> wanda aka sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasa 26 na karshe da za su fafata a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2022 |title=Os 26 convocados de Portugal: Gonçalo Ramos, António Silva, Otávio e Matheus Nunes chamados |trans-title=Portugal select 26: Gonçalo Ramos, António Silva, Otávio and Matheus Nunes called |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/mundial/artigos/os-26-convocados-de-portugal-para-o-mundial2022 |access-date=10 November 2022 |publisher=SAPO |language=pt}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuni 2024, an sanya shi cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar UEFA Euro 2024, a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Otávio da ya ji rauni, inda Faransa ta fitar da Portugal daga gasar a zagayen kwata-kwata, bayan ta sha kashi 5-3 a bugun fenariti . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=5 July 2024 |title=Portugal 0–0 France (France win 5–3 on pens) |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cy79llev4znt |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Ana amfani da Nunes a matsayin mai zagaye biyu a cikin tsarin 3-4-3, yana aiki a matsayin lamba 8 yana neman ci gaba da bayar da gudummawa ga harin kuma yana da kyakkyawan kewayon wucewa, saboda yana iya yin nau'ikan wucewa daban-daban ko yana neman canza wasan ko ƙoƙarin karya layuka da wucewar da ke shiga, ko kuma wucewar da ke raba layin baya na abokan hamayya, wanda yake da tasiri sosai a kai. Yana kuma da ikon ɗaukar ƙwallon da kuma yin gudu mai ci gaba, ta amfani da haɗin gudu da ƙarfi don yin waɗannan gudu, yayin da kuma yake nuna kyakkyawan dabara a kan ƙwallon. Nunes kuma yana da kyakkyawan fata da kuma karanta wasan, wanda hakan ke ba shi damar yin amfani da dabarun katsewa da ƙalubale masu kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=Matheus Nunes 2021/22: The Portuguese midfielder impressing in the Primeira Liga – Scout Report |url=https://totalfootballanalysis.com/competitions/primeira-liga/primeira-liga-2021-22-matheus-nunes-scout-report-tactical-analysis-analysis}}</ref> ==Manazarta== [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] <references /> [[Rukuni:Portugal]] plyu6ipfqj246cf9ns1ei3vyoe9jftf 0 180521 975283 2026-11-02T18:05:02Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372355581|Maria Goodavage]]" 975283 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Goodavage''' 'yar jarida ce kuma edita, kuma marubuciya ce ta littattafai biyu na ''New York Times'' da suka fi sayar da littattafai game da karnuka na soja.Goodavage ya kasance marubucin ma'aikata na ''Amurka A Yau'' da San Francisco Chronicle da sauran jaridu. == Mawallafin == A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 2012, an rubuta littafinta, Soldier Dogs: The Untold Story of America's Canine Heroes a # 15 a cikin jerin masu sayar da littattafai na mako-mako. [1] A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 2012, Sojojin Dogs sun sauka a cikin jerin masu sayarwa na New York Times, suna zuwa a No. 11 a cikin jerin hardcover.[2] A ranar 27 ga Maris, 2012, ta bayyana a cikin The Daily Show, tare da Jon Stewart . [3] An buga littafinta na biyu game da karnuka na soja a watan Oktoba 2014.Top Dog: The Story of Marine Hero Lucca, shi ne labarin murfin Mujallar Parade a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2014 |title=A Marine's Best Friend |url=http://communitytable.com/342211/parade/a-marines-best-friend/,}}</ref> kuma an nuna littafin a cikin Nunin Yau kafin Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade a ranar 27, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 27, 2014 |title=Handlers of retired Marine hero, bomb-sniffing dog give thanks |url=http://www.today.com/pets/handlers-retired-marine-hero-bomb-sniffing-dog-give-thanks-animals-1D80319972}}</ref> Top Dog ya zama Goodavage na biyu ''New York Times'' Best Seller a watan Nuwamba lokacin da ya kasance # 4 a cikin jerin littattafan dabbobi na kowane wata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Sellers - the New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2014-11-02/animals/list.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306143653/http://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2014-11-02/animals/list.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=March 2, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Littafinta Secret Service Dogs: The Heroes Who Protect the President of the United States, Dutton / Penguin ne zai buga shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2016.Goodavage ya sami damar da ba a taɓa gani ba ga shirin kare na Ofishin Asirin Amurka yayin binciken littafin. Mahaifin Goodavage, Joseph F. Goodavages, shi ma marubucin littafi ne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joseph Goodavage |url=http://www.solsticepoint.com/astrologersmemorial/goodavage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707024711/http://www.solsticepoint.com/astrologersmemorial/goodavage.html |archive-date=July 7, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2014}}</ref> == Ayyukan da aka buga == * Top Dog: Labarin Marine Hero Lucca, Dutton Penguin, 2014.{{ISBN|978-0525954361}} * Sojojin Karnuka: Labarin da ba a fada ba na Jarumai na Amurka, Dutton Penguin, 2012. {{ISBN|978-0525952787}} * Abokin Dog Lover zuwa California: The Inside Scoop on Where to Take Your Dog, Avalon Travel Publishing 2011. {{ISBN|978-1598807431}} * Abokin Dog Lover zuwa San Francisco Bay Area: The Inside Scoop on Where to Take Your Dog, Avalon Travel Publishing, 2011. {{ISBN|978-1598807448}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3f0uhpqyywha90f8edhitbnx76sl8n0 975286 975283 2026-11-02T18:06:20Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 975286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maria Goodavage''' 'yar jarida ce kuma edita, kuma marubuciya ce ta littattafai biyu na ''New York Times'' da suka fi sayar da littattafai game da karnuka na soja.Goodavage ya kasance marubucin ma'aikata na ''Amurka A Yau'' da San Francisco Chronicle da sauran jaridu. == Mawallafin == A ranar 5 ga watan Afrilu, 2012, an rubuta littafinta, Soldier Dogs: The Untold Story of America's Canine Heroes a # 15 a cikin jerin masu sayar da littattafai na mako-mako. [1] A ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu, 2012, Sojojin Dogs sun sauka a cikin jerin masu sayarwa na New York Times, suna zuwa a No. 11 a cikin jerin hardcover.[2] A ranar 27 ga Maris, 2012, ta bayyana a cikin The Daily Show, tare da Jon Stewart . [3] An buga littafinta na biyu game da karnuka na soja a watan Oktoba 2014.Top Dog: The Story of Marine Hero Lucca, shi ne labarin murfin Mujallar Parade a ranar 27 ga watan Satumba, 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2014 |title=A Marine's Best Friend |url=http://communitytable.com/342211/parade/a-marines-best-friend/,}}</ref> kuma an nuna littafin a cikin Nunin Yau kafin Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade a ranar 27, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 27, 2014 |title=Handlers of retired Marine hero, bomb-sniffing dog give thanks |url=http://www.today.com/pets/handlers-retired-marine-hero-bomb-sniffing-dog-give-thanks-animals-1D80319972}}</ref> Top Dog ya zama Goodavage na biyu ''New York Times'' Best Seller a watan Nuwamba lokacin da ya kasance # 4 a cikin jerin littattafan dabbobi na kowane wata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Sellers - the New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2014-11-02/animals/list.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306143653/http://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2014-11-02/animals/list.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=March 2, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Littafinta Secret Service Dogs: The Heroes Who Protect the President of the United States, Dutton / Penguin ne zai buga shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2016.Goodavage ya sami damar da ba a taɓa gani ba ga shirin kare na Ofishin Asirin Amurka yayin binciken littafin. Mahaifin Goodavage, Joseph F. Goodavages, shi ma marubucin littafi ne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joseph Goodavage |url=http://www.solsticepoint.com/astrologersmemorial/goodavage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707024711/http://www.solsticepoint.com/astrologersmemorial/goodavage.html |archive-date=July 7, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2014}}</ref> == Ayyukan da aka buga == * Top Dog: Labarin Marine Hero Lucca, Dutton Penguin, 2014.{{ISBN|978-0525954361}} * Sojojin Karnuka: Labarin da ba a fada ba na Jarumai na Amurka, Dutton Penguin, 2012. {{ISBN|978-0525952787}} * Abokin Dog Lover zuwa California: The Inside Scoop on Where to Take Your Dog, Avalon Travel Publishing 2011. {{ISBN|978-1598807431}} * Abokin Dog Lover zuwa San Francisco Bay Area: The Inside Scoop on Where to Take Your Dog, Avalon Travel Publishing, 2011. {{ISBN|978-1598807448}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s55e4sypall4ckqh85ge98ix33dbnvy 0 180522 975284 2026-11-02T18:05:12Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382011478|Isaiah Mizell]]" 975284 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Isaiah Mizell dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Arizona Wildcats . == Rayuwa ta farko == Mizell ta halarci Makarantar sakandare ta William R. Boone a Orlando, Florida .Yayinda yake ƙarami, ya yi rikodin liyafa 49 don yadudduka 1,057 da kuma touchdowns 22.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leiker |first=Emily |date=2024-07-02 |title=3-star WR from Florida names Syracuse football to top 4, sets commitment date |url=https://www.syracuse.com/orangefootball/2024/07/3-star-wr-from-florida-names-syracuse-football-to-top-4-sets-commitment-date.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=syracuse |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya samu karbuwa 43 don yadudduka 1,038 da kuma touchdowns 15.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-23 |title=Freshman Wide Receiver Making Strides to Improve in Camp |url=https://www.si.com/college/arizona/freshman-wide-receiver-noah-fifita-isaiah-mizell-making-strides-camp-brett-brennan |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Arizona Wildcats on SI |publisher=[[SI.com]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mizell ya himmatu ga Jami'ar Arizona don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-11 |title=Shunned by Florida, Boone WR Isaiah Mizell commits to Arizona |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2024/07/10/shunned-by-florida-boone-wr-isaiah-mizell-commits-to-arizona/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Orlando Sentinel |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A matsayinsa na sabon shiga, Mizell ya yi rikodin liyafa hudu don yadudduka 39.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spears |first=Justin |date=2026-08-25 |title=Arizona receiver Isaiah Mizell ‘ready to play’ for Wildcats |url=https://tucson.com/sports/arizonawildcats/football/article_1dd95933-6624-4d3c-bfdd-eadfb0a35d43.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Arizona Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ana sa ran zai dauki babban matsayi a matsayin mai karatun sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spears |first=Justin |date=2026-08-06 |title=Arizona football training camp notes and observations, practice 2: Receiver Isaiah Mizell shines in team periods |url=https://tucson.com/sports/arizonawildcats/football/article_a8f78ea3-bbfa-4d91-98ba-906f1f8d4f02.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Arizona Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=“Night and Day”: Isaiah Mizell’s Transformation for Arizona |url=https://247sports.com/college/arizona/article/night-and-say-isaiah-mizell-transformation-arizona-wildcats-289372222/}}</ref> A kan West Virginia, Mizell ya kama shida don yadudduka 183 da kuma touchdowns biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Veenstra |first=David |date=2026-10-10 |title=Isaiah Mizell's career day helps Arizona Wildcats blow by West Virginia |url=https://arizonasports.com/ncaa/arizona-wildcats/uofa-football/isaiah-mizells-career-day-helps-arizona-wildcats-blow-by-west-virginia |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Arizona Sports |language=en}}</ref> === Kididdiga === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |GP ! colspan="4" |Karɓar |- !Rec !Yds !Avg !TD |- !2025 !Arizona |9 |4 |39 |9.8 |0 |- !2026 !Arizona |6 |19 |359 |18.9 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/isaiah-mizell-1.html Ayyuka] !15 !23 !398 !17.3 !4 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://arizonawildcats.com/sports/football/roster/isaiah-mizell/19298 Rayuwar 'yan Wildcats na Arizona] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] cf0xgbsxnvoxaaikja4r2k7tbt3df6f 975285 975284 2026-11-02T18:05:38Z Aluja 30485 975285 wikitext text/x-wiki Isaiah Mizell dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Arizona Wildcats . == Rayuwa ta farko == Mizell ta halarci Makarantar sakandare ta William R. Boone a Orlando, Florida .Yayinda yake ƙarami, ya yi rikodin liyafa 49 don yadudduka 1,057 da kuma touchdowns 22.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leiker |first=Emily |date=2024-07-02 |title=3-star WR from Florida names Syracuse football to top 4, sets commitment date |url=https://www.syracuse.com/orangefootball/2024/07/3-star-wr-from-florida-names-syracuse-football-to-top-4-sets-commitment-date.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=syracuse |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya samu karbuwa 43 don yadudduka 1,038 da kuma touchdowns 15.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-23 |title=Freshman Wide Receiver Making Strides to Improve in Camp |url=https://www.si.com/college/arizona/freshman-wide-receiver-noah-fifita-isaiah-mizell-making-strides-camp-brett-brennan |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Arizona Wildcats on SI |publisher=[[SI.com]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mizell ya himmatu ga Jami'ar Arizona don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-11 |title=Shunned by Florida, Boone WR Isaiah Mizell commits to Arizona |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2024/07/10/shunned-by-florida-boone-wr-isaiah-mizell-commits-to-arizona/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Orlando Sentinel |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A matsayinsa na sabon shiga, Mizell ya yi rikodin liyafa hudu don yadudduka 39.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spears |first=Justin |date=2026-08-25 |title=Arizona receiver Isaiah Mizell ‘ready to play’ for Wildcats |url=https://tucson.com/sports/arizonawildcats/football/article_1dd95933-6624-4d3c-bfdd-eadfb0a35d43.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Arizona Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ana sa ran zai dauki babban matsayi a matsayin mai karatun sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spears |first=Justin |date=2026-08-06 |title=Arizona football training camp notes and observations, practice 2: Receiver Isaiah Mizell shines in team periods |url=https://tucson.com/sports/arizonawildcats/football/article_a8f78ea3-bbfa-4d91-98ba-906f1f8d4f02.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Arizona Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=“Night and Day”: Isaiah Mizell’s Transformation for Arizona |url=https://247sports.com/college/arizona/article/night-and-say-isaiah-mizell-transformation-arizona-wildcats-289372222/}}</ref> A kan West Virginia, Mizell ya kama shida don yadudduka 183 da kuma touchdowns biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Veenstra |first=David |date=2026-10-10 |title=Isaiah Mizell's career day helps Arizona Wildcats blow by West Virginia |url=https://arizonasports.com/ncaa/arizona-wildcats/uofa-football/isaiah-mizells-career-day-helps-arizona-wildcats-blow-by-west-virginia |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Arizona Sports |language=en}}</ref> === Kididdiga === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |GP ! colspan="4" |Karɓar |- !Rec !Yds !Avg !TD |- !2025 !Arizona |9 |4 |39 |9.8 |0 |- !2026 !Arizona |6 |19 |359 |18.9 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/isaiah-mizell-1.html Ayyuka] !15 !23 !398 !17.3 !4 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://arizonawildcats.com/sports/football/roster/isaiah-mizell/19298 Rayuwar 'yan Wildcats na Arizona] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] pdh7a34jq7b02uvhb4exu070f8bvyks 975287 975285 2026-11-02T18:06:36Z Aluja 30485 975287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Isaiah Mizell''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Arizona Wildcats . == Rayuwa ta farko == Mizell ta halarci Makarantar sakandare ta William R. Boone a Orlando, Florida .Yayinda yake ƙarami, ya yi rikodin liyafa 49 don yadudduka 1,057 da kuma touchdowns 22.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leiker |first=Emily |date=2024-07-02 |title=3-star WR from Florida names Syracuse football to top 4, sets commitment date |url=https://www.syracuse.com/orangefootball/2024/07/3-star-wr-from-florida-names-syracuse-football-to-top-4-sets-commitment-date.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=syracuse |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya samu karbuwa 43 don yadudduka 1,038 da kuma touchdowns 15.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-23 |title=Freshman Wide Receiver Making Strides to Improve in Camp |url=https://www.si.com/college/arizona/freshman-wide-receiver-noah-fifita-isaiah-mizell-making-strides-camp-brett-brennan |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Arizona Wildcats on SI |publisher=[[SI.com]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mizell ya himmatu ga Jami'ar Arizona don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-11 |title=Shunned by Florida, Boone WR Isaiah Mizell commits to Arizona |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2024/07/10/shunned-by-florida-boone-wr-isaiah-mizell-commits-to-arizona/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Orlando Sentinel |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A matsayinsa na sabon shiga, Mizell ya yi rikodin liyafa hudu don yadudduka 39.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spears |first=Justin |date=2026-08-25 |title=Arizona receiver Isaiah Mizell ‘ready to play’ for Wildcats |url=https://tucson.com/sports/arizonawildcats/football/article_1dd95933-6624-4d3c-bfdd-eadfb0a35d43.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Arizona Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ana sa ran zai dauki babban matsayi a matsayin mai karatun sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spears |first=Justin |date=2026-08-06 |title=Arizona football training camp notes and observations, practice 2: Receiver Isaiah Mizell shines in team periods |url=https://tucson.com/sports/arizonawildcats/football/article_a8f78ea3-bbfa-4d91-98ba-906f1f8d4f02.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Arizona Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=“Night and Day”: Isaiah Mizell’s Transformation for Arizona |url=https://247sports.com/college/arizona/article/night-and-say-isaiah-mizell-transformation-arizona-wildcats-289372222/}}</ref> A kan West Virginia, Mizell ya kama shida don yadudduka 183 da kuma touchdowns biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Veenstra |first=David |date=2026-10-10 |title=Isaiah Mizell's career day helps Arizona Wildcats blow by West Virginia |url=https://arizonasports.com/ncaa/arizona-wildcats/uofa-football/isaiah-mizells-career-day-helps-arizona-wildcats-blow-by-west-virginia |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Arizona Sports |language=en}}</ref> === Kididdiga === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |GP ! colspan="4" |Karɓar |- !Rec !Yds !Avg !TD |- !2025 !Arizona |9 |4 |39 |9.8 |0 |- !2026 !Arizona |6 |19 |359 |18.9 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/isaiah-mizell-1.html Ayyuka] !15 !23 !398 !17.3 !4 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://arizonawildcats.com/sports/football/roster/isaiah-mizell/19298 Rayuwar 'yan Wildcats na Arizona] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] i4m4ofg5uyvnincxrbswefwmsrxc56o 0 180523 975289 2026-11-02T18:10:00Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380467817|Nikko Reed]]" 975289 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Nikko Reed''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2003) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon New York Giants na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL).Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Colorado Buffaloes da Oregon Ducks . == Rayuwa ta farko == Reed ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Katolika ta Moreau a Hayward, California .Da yake fitowa daga makarantar sakandare, an kiyasta shi a matsayin tauraron taurari uku, inda ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Colorado Buffaloes . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Brian |date=2 September 2020 |title=CU Buffs add three-star athlete to 2021 commit list |url=https://www.dailycamera.com/2020/09/02/cu-buffs-add-three-star-athlete-to-2021-commit-list/ |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Daily Camera}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Colorado === A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a shekarar 2021, Reed ya buga wasanni 12, inda ya buga kwallo takwas da kuma tsayarwa.<ref name="Adam Rittenberg transfers to Oregon">{{Cite web |last=Rittenberg |first=Adam |date=16 May 2023 |title=CB Nikko Reed transferring from Colorado to Oregon |url=https://www.espn.ph/college-football/story/_/id/37657282/cb-nikko-reed-transferring-colorado-oregon |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A cikin 2022, ya fara a cikin dukkan wasanni 12, jimlar 42 tackles tare da daya da rabi kasancewa don asarar, jaka, sauye-sauye bakwai, da kuma katsewa biyu, yayin da yake dawowa 19 kickoffs tare da matsakaicin 22.6 yadudduka a kowace dawowa. <ref name="Adam Rittenberg transfers to Oregon" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Former Colorado cornerback Nikko Reed commits to transfer to Oregon Ducks |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2023/05/former-colorado-cornerback-nikko-reed-commits-to-transfer-to-oregon-ducks.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> Bayan kakar, ya shigar da sunansa a cikin tashar canja wurin NCAA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weber |first=Alex |title=Colorado players Keyshon Mills, Nikko Reed and Dylan Dixson enter Transfer Portal |url=https://www.on3.com/transfer-portal/news/colorado-players-keyshon-mills-nikko-reed-and-dylan-dixson-enter-transfer-portal/ |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=On3.com}}</ref> === Oregon === Reed ya koma buga wa Oregon Ducks wasa.<ref name="Adam Rittenberg transfers to Oregon" /> A lokacin da yake Oregon, ya yi aiki a wasu lokuta a matsayin daya daga cikin masu farawa na kungiyar, jimillar 64 tackles, jaka, 13 pass deflections, da biyu interceptions.Bayan kammala kakar 2024, ya yanke shawarar shigar da sunansa cikin shirin NFL na 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Who replaces Jabbar Muhammad, Nikko Reed, Dontae Manning as Oregon's top cornerbacks? |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2025/04/who-replaces-jabbar-muhammad-nikko-reed-dontae-manning-as-oregons-top-cornerbacks.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dimmitt |first=Zach |title=Oregon Ducks Defensive Back Nikko Reed's Stock Rising Before NFL Draft? |url=https://www.si.com/college/oregon/football/oregon-ducks-nikko-reed-stock-rising-nfl-draft-defensive-back-tampa-bay-buccaneers |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Oregon football cornerbacks Dontae Manning, Nikko Reed looking to build off Fiesta Bowl starts heading into 2024 |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2023/12/oregon-football-cornerbacks-dontae-manning-nikko-reed-looking-to-build-off-fiesta-bowl-starts-heading-into-2024.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft}} === Los Angeles Chargers === Bayan da ba a zaba shi a cikin shirin NFL na 2025, Reed ya sanya hannu tare da Los Angeles Chargers a matsayin mai ba da kyauta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roling |first=Chris |title=Chargers undrafted free agent getting some key usage in training camp |url=https://www.si.com/nfl/chargers/chargers-undrafted-free-agent-key-usage-training-camp-nikko-reed |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> A farkon sa'a na farko a cikin 2025 NFL Hall of Fame Game, ya yi tsayar da mita 60 da kuma wucewa biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=David Smith |first=Michael |title=Jim Harbaugh praises undrafted Nikko Reed as one of the Chargers' “ascending players” |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/jim-harbaugh-praises-undrafted-nikko-reed-as-one-of-the-chargers-ascending-players |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=NBC Sports}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 2025, Chargers sun ba da sanarwar cewa an kara Reed a cikin jerin sunayen mutane 53.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Look at the Chargers Initial 53-Man Roster for 2025 |url=https://www.chargers.com/news/53-man-roster-2025 |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=Chargers.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni biyar a Los Angeles, inda ya yi rikodin duka biyu.A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2026, an sanya Reed a cikin ajiyar masu rauni saboda raunin hamstring.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 4, 2026 |title=Chargers' Nikko Reed: Will miss most of postseason |url=https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/football/news/chargers-nikko-reed-will-miss-most-of-postseason/ |access-date=January 4, 2026 |website=cbssports.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, 2026, Chargers sun dakatar da Reed a matsayin wani ɓangare na yanke jerin sunayen karshe; an sake sanya shi hannu a cikin tawagar motsa jiki ta washegari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 30, 2026 |title=Los Angeles Chargers Reduce Roster to 53 Players |url=https://www.chargers.com/news/reduce-roster-to-53-players-2026 |website=Chargers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2026 |title=Los Angeles Chargers Announce Roster Transactions |url=https://www.chargers.com/news/practice-squad-2026 |website=Chargers.com}}</ref> === New York Giants === A ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2026, Reed ya sanya hannu tare da New York Giants daga tawagar motsa jiki ta Chargers. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salamone |first=Dan |title=Giants place CB Paulson Adebo on IR; CB Nikko Reed signed from Chargers' practice squad |url=https://www.giants.com/news/giants-place-cornerback-paulson-adebo-on-injured-reserve-week-2-los-angeles-rams-roster-move |access-date=19 September 2026 |website=Giants.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.chargers.com/team/players-roster/nikko-reed/ Labarin Los Angeles Chargers] * [https://cubuffs.com/sports/football/roster/nikko-reed/15819 Rayuwa ta Colorado Buffaloes] * [https://goducks.com/sports/football/roster/nikko-reed/16192 Oregon Ducks bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] ccd91ju5ss8kltuym691w1z5vifhvt0 975290 975289 2026-11-02T18:10:33Z Aluja 30485 975290 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nikko Reed''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2003) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon New York Giants na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL).Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Colorado Buffaloes da Oregon Ducks . == Rayuwa ta farko == Reed ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Katolika ta Moreau a Hayward, California .Da yake fitowa daga makarantar sakandare, an kiyasta shi a matsayin tauraron taurari uku, inda ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Colorado Buffaloes . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Brian |date=2 September 2020 |title=CU Buffs add three-star athlete to 2021 commit list |url=https://www.dailycamera.com/2020/09/02/cu-buffs-add-three-star-athlete-to-2021-commit-list/ |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Daily Camera}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Colorado === A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a shekarar 2021, Reed ya buga wasanni 12, inda ya buga kwallo takwas da kuma tsayarwa.<ref name="Adam Rittenberg transfers to Oregon">{{Cite web |last=Rittenberg |first=Adam |date=16 May 2023 |title=CB Nikko Reed transferring from Colorado to Oregon |url=https://www.espn.ph/college-football/story/_/id/37657282/cb-nikko-reed-transferring-colorado-oregon |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A cikin 2022, ya fara a cikin dukkan wasanni 12, jimlar 42 tackles tare da daya da rabi kasancewa don asarar, jaka, sauye-sauye bakwai, da kuma katsewa biyu, yayin da yake dawowa 19 kickoffs tare da matsakaicin 22.6 yadudduka a kowace dawowa. <ref name="Adam Rittenberg transfers to Oregon" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Former Colorado cornerback Nikko Reed commits to transfer to Oregon Ducks |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2023/05/former-colorado-cornerback-nikko-reed-commits-to-transfer-to-oregon-ducks.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> Bayan kakar, ya shigar da sunansa a cikin tashar canja wurin NCAA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weber |first=Alex |title=Colorado players Keyshon Mills, Nikko Reed and Dylan Dixson enter Transfer Portal |url=https://www.on3.com/transfer-portal/news/colorado-players-keyshon-mills-nikko-reed-and-dylan-dixson-enter-transfer-portal/ |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=On3.com}}</ref> === Oregon === Reed ya koma buga wa Oregon Ducks wasa.<ref name="Adam Rittenberg transfers to Oregon" /> A lokacin da yake Oregon, ya yi aiki a wasu lokuta a matsayin daya daga cikin masu farawa na kungiyar, jimillar 64 tackles, jaka, 13 pass deflections, da biyu interceptions.Bayan kammala kakar 2024, ya yanke shawarar shigar da sunansa cikin shirin NFL na 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Who replaces Jabbar Muhammad, Nikko Reed, Dontae Manning as Oregon's top cornerbacks? |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2025/04/who-replaces-jabbar-muhammad-nikko-reed-dontae-manning-as-oregons-top-cornerbacks.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dimmitt |first=Zach |title=Oregon Ducks Defensive Back Nikko Reed's Stock Rising Before NFL Draft? |url=https://www.si.com/college/oregon/football/oregon-ducks-nikko-reed-stock-rising-nfl-draft-defensive-back-tampa-bay-buccaneers |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Oregon football cornerbacks Dontae Manning, Nikko Reed looking to build off Fiesta Bowl starts heading into 2024 |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2023/12/oregon-football-cornerbacks-dontae-manning-nikko-reed-looking-to-build-off-fiesta-bowl-starts-heading-into-2024.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft}} === Los Angeles Chargers === Bayan da ba a zaba shi a cikin shirin NFL na 2025, Reed ya sanya hannu tare da Los Angeles Chargers a matsayin mai ba da kyauta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roling |first=Chris |title=Chargers undrafted free agent getting some key usage in training camp |url=https://www.si.com/nfl/chargers/chargers-undrafted-free-agent-key-usage-training-camp-nikko-reed |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> A farkon sa'a na farko a cikin 2025 NFL Hall of Fame Game, ya yi tsayar da mita 60 da kuma wucewa biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=David Smith |first=Michael |title=Jim Harbaugh praises undrafted Nikko Reed as one of the Chargers' “ascending players” |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/jim-harbaugh-praises-undrafted-nikko-reed-as-one-of-the-chargers-ascending-players |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=NBC Sports}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 2025, Chargers sun ba da sanarwar cewa an kara Reed a cikin jerin sunayen mutane 53.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Look at the Chargers Initial 53-Man Roster for 2025 |url=https://www.chargers.com/news/53-man-roster-2025 |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=Chargers.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni biyar a Los Angeles, inda ya yi rikodin duka biyu.A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2026, an sanya Reed a cikin ajiyar masu rauni saboda raunin hamstring.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 4, 2026 |title=Chargers' Nikko Reed: Will miss most of postseason |url=https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/football/news/chargers-nikko-reed-will-miss-most-of-postseason/ |access-date=January 4, 2026 |website=cbssports.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, 2026, Chargers sun dakatar da Reed a matsayin wani ɓangare na yanke jerin sunayen karshe; an sake sanya shi hannu a cikin tawagar motsa jiki ta washegari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 30, 2026 |title=Los Angeles Chargers Reduce Roster to 53 Players |url=https://www.chargers.com/news/reduce-roster-to-53-players-2026 |website=Chargers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2026 |title=Los Angeles Chargers Announce Roster Transactions |url=https://www.chargers.com/news/practice-squad-2026 |website=Chargers.com}}</ref> === New York Giants === A ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2026, Reed ya sanya hannu tare da New York Giants daga tawagar motsa jiki ta Chargers. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salamone |first=Dan |title=Giants place CB Paulson Adebo on IR; CB Nikko Reed signed from Chargers' practice squad |url=https://www.giants.com/news/giants-place-cornerback-paulson-adebo-on-injured-reserve-week-2-los-angeles-rams-roster-move |access-date=19 September 2026 |website=Giants.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.chargers.com/team/players-roster/nikko-reed/ Labarin Los Angeles Chargers] * [https://cubuffs.com/sports/football/roster/nikko-reed/15819 Rayuwa ta Colorado Buffaloes] * [https://goducks.com/sports/football/roster/nikko-reed/16192 Oregon Ducks bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] tidz950she7y59gt3v42of9xrhv9411 975291 975290 2026-11-02T18:10:55Z Aluja 30485 /* Manazarta */ 975291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nikko Reed''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2003) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon New York Giants na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL).Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Colorado Buffaloes da Oregon Ducks . == Rayuwa ta farko == Reed ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Katolika ta Moreau a Hayward, California .Da yake fitowa daga makarantar sakandare, an kiyasta shi a matsayin tauraron taurari uku, inda ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Colorado Buffaloes . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Brian |date=2 September 2020 |title=CU Buffs add three-star athlete to 2021 commit list |url=https://www.dailycamera.com/2020/09/02/cu-buffs-add-three-star-athlete-to-2021-commit-list/ |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Daily Camera}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Colorado === A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a shekarar 2021, Reed ya buga wasanni 12, inda ya buga kwallo takwas da kuma tsayarwa.<ref name="Adam Rittenberg transfers to Oregon">{{Cite web |last=Rittenberg |first=Adam |date=16 May 2023 |title=CB Nikko Reed transferring from Colorado to Oregon |url=https://www.espn.ph/college-football/story/_/id/37657282/cb-nikko-reed-transferring-colorado-oregon |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A cikin 2022, ya fara a cikin dukkan wasanni 12, jimlar 42 tackles tare da daya da rabi kasancewa don asarar, jaka, sauye-sauye bakwai, da kuma katsewa biyu, yayin da yake dawowa 19 kickoffs tare da matsakaicin 22.6 yadudduka a kowace dawowa. <ref name="Adam Rittenberg transfers to Oregon" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Former Colorado cornerback Nikko Reed commits to transfer to Oregon Ducks |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2023/05/former-colorado-cornerback-nikko-reed-commits-to-transfer-to-oregon-ducks.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> Bayan kakar, ya shigar da sunansa a cikin tashar canja wurin NCAA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weber |first=Alex |title=Colorado players Keyshon Mills, Nikko Reed and Dylan Dixson enter Transfer Portal |url=https://www.on3.com/transfer-portal/news/colorado-players-keyshon-mills-nikko-reed-and-dylan-dixson-enter-transfer-portal/ |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=On3.com}}</ref> === Oregon === Reed ya koma buga wa Oregon Ducks wasa.<ref name="Adam Rittenberg transfers to Oregon" /> A lokacin da yake Oregon, ya yi aiki a wasu lokuta a matsayin daya daga cikin masu farawa na kungiyar, jimillar 64 tackles, jaka, 13 pass deflections, da biyu interceptions.Bayan kammala kakar 2024, ya yanke shawarar shigar da sunansa cikin shirin NFL na 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Who replaces Jabbar Muhammad, Nikko Reed, Dontae Manning as Oregon's top cornerbacks? |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2025/04/who-replaces-jabbar-muhammad-nikko-reed-dontae-manning-as-oregons-top-cornerbacks.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dimmitt |first=Zach |title=Oregon Ducks Defensive Back Nikko Reed's Stock Rising Before NFL Draft? |url=https://www.si.com/college/oregon/football/oregon-ducks-nikko-reed-stock-rising-nfl-draft-defensive-back-tampa-bay-buccaneers |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Oregon football cornerbacks Dontae Manning, Nikko Reed looking to build off Fiesta Bowl starts heading into 2024 |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2023/12/oregon-football-cornerbacks-dontae-manning-nikko-reed-looking-to-build-off-fiesta-bowl-starts-heading-into-2024.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft}} === Los Angeles Chargers === Bayan da ba a zaba shi a cikin shirin NFL na 2025, Reed ya sanya hannu tare da Los Angeles Chargers a matsayin mai ba da kyauta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roling |first=Chris |title=Chargers undrafted free agent getting some key usage in training camp |url=https://www.si.com/nfl/chargers/chargers-undrafted-free-agent-key-usage-training-camp-nikko-reed |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> A farkon sa'a na farko a cikin 2025 NFL Hall of Fame Game, ya yi tsayar da mita 60 da kuma wucewa biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=David Smith |first=Michael |title=Jim Harbaugh praises undrafted Nikko Reed as one of the Chargers' “ascending players” |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/jim-harbaugh-praises-undrafted-nikko-reed-as-one-of-the-chargers-ascending-players |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=NBC Sports}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 2025, Chargers sun ba da sanarwar cewa an kara Reed a cikin jerin sunayen mutane 53.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Look at the Chargers Initial 53-Man Roster for 2025 |url=https://www.chargers.com/news/53-man-roster-2025 |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=Chargers.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni biyar a Los Angeles, inda ya yi rikodin duka biyu.A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2026, an sanya Reed a cikin ajiyar masu rauni saboda raunin hamstring.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 4, 2026 |title=Chargers' Nikko Reed: Will miss most of postseason |url=https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/football/news/chargers-nikko-reed-will-miss-most-of-postseason/ |access-date=January 4, 2026 |website=cbssports.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, 2026, Chargers sun dakatar da Reed a matsayin wani ɓangare na yanke jerin sunayen karshe; an sake sanya shi hannu a cikin tawagar motsa jiki ta washegari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 30, 2026 |title=Los Angeles Chargers Reduce Roster to 53 Players |url=https://www.chargers.com/news/reduce-roster-to-53-players-2026 |website=Chargers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2026 |title=Los Angeles Chargers Announce Roster Transactions |url=https://www.chargers.com/news/practice-squad-2026 |website=Chargers.com}}</ref> === New York Giants === A ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2026, Reed ya sanya hannu tare da New York Giants daga tawagar motsa jiki ta Chargers. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salamone |first=Dan |title=Giants place CB Paulson Adebo on IR; CB Nikko Reed signed from Chargers' practice squad |url=https://www.giants.com/news/giants-place-cornerback-paulson-adebo-on-injured-reserve-week-2-los-angeles-rams-roster-move |access-date=19 September 2026 |website=Giants.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.chargers.com/team/players-roster/nikko-reed/ Labarin Los Angeles Chargers] * [https://cubuffs.com/sports/football/roster/nikko-reed/15819 Rayuwa ta Colorado Buffaloes] * [https://goducks.com/sports/football/roster/nikko-reed/16192 Oregon Ducks bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] qlc1d80calxn5f1aegsfvefhwcynnrh 975293 975291 2026-11-02T18:11:18Z Aluja 30485 975293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nikko Reed''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2003) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon New York Giants na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL).Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Colorado Buffaloes da Oregon Ducks . == Rayuwa ta farko == Reed ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Katolika ta Moreau a Hayward, California .Da yake fitowa daga makarantar sakandare, an kiyasta shi a matsayin tauraron taurari uku, inda ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Colorado Buffaloes . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Brian |date=2 September 2020 |title=CU Buffs add three-star athlete to 2021 commit list |url=https://www.dailycamera.com/2020/09/02/cu-buffs-add-three-star-athlete-to-2021-commit-list/ |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Daily Camera}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Colorado === A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a shekarar 2021, Reed ya buga wasanni 12, inda ya buga kwallo takwas da kuma tsayarwa.<ref name="Adam Rittenberg transfers to Oregon">{{Cite web |last=Rittenberg |first=Adam |date=16 May 2023 |title=CB Nikko Reed transferring from Colorado to Oregon |url=https://www.espn.ph/college-football/story/_/id/37657282/cb-nikko-reed-transferring-colorado-oregon |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A cikin 2022, ya fara a cikin dukkan wasanni 12, jimlar 42 tackles tare da daya da rabi kasancewa don asarar, jaka, sauye-sauye bakwai, da kuma katsewa biyu, yayin da yake dawowa 19 kickoffs tare da matsakaicin 22.6 yadudduka a kowace dawowa. <ref name="Adam Rittenberg transfers to Oregon" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Former Colorado cornerback Nikko Reed commits to transfer to Oregon Ducks |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2023/05/former-colorado-cornerback-nikko-reed-commits-to-transfer-to-oregon-ducks.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> Bayan kakar, ya shigar da sunansa a cikin tashar canja wurin NCAA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weber |first=Alex |title=Colorado players Keyshon Mills, Nikko Reed and Dylan Dixson enter Transfer Portal |url=https://www.on3.com/transfer-portal/news/colorado-players-keyshon-mills-nikko-reed-and-dylan-dixson-enter-transfer-portal/ |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=On3.com}}</ref> === Oregon === Reed ya koma buga wa Oregon Ducks wasa.<ref name="Adam Rittenberg transfers to Oregon" /> A lokacin da yake Oregon, ya yi aiki a wasu lokuta a matsayin daya daga cikin masu farawa na kungiyar, jimillar 64 tackles, jaka, 13 pass deflections, da biyu interceptions.Bayan kammala kakar 2024, ya yanke shawarar shigar da sunansa cikin shirin NFL na 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Who replaces Jabbar Muhammad, Nikko Reed, Dontae Manning as Oregon's top cornerbacks? |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2025/04/who-replaces-jabbar-muhammad-nikko-reed-dontae-manning-as-oregons-top-cornerbacks.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dimmitt |first=Zach |title=Oregon Ducks Defensive Back Nikko Reed's Stock Rising Before NFL Draft? |url=https://www.si.com/college/oregon/football/oregon-ducks-nikko-reed-stock-rising-nfl-draft-defensive-back-tampa-bay-buccaneers |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Oregon football cornerbacks Dontae Manning, Nikko Reed looking to build off Fiesta Bowl starts heading into 2024 |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2023/12/oregon-football-cornerbacks-dontae-manning-nikko-reed-looking-to-build-off-fiesta-bowl-starts-heading-into-2024.html |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft}} === Los Angeles Chargers === Bayan da ba a zaba shi a cikin shirin NFL na 2025, Reed ya sanya hannu tare da Los Angeles Chargers a matsayin mai ba da kyauta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roling |first=Chris |title=Chargers undrafted free agent getting some key usage in training camp |url=https://www.si.com/nfl/chargers/chargers-undrafted-free-agent-key-usage-training-camp-nikko-reed |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> A farkon sa'a na farko a cikin 2025 NFL Hall of Fame Game, ya yi tsayar da mita 60 da kuma wucewa biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=David Smith |first=Michael |title=Jim Harbaugh praises undrafted Nikko Reed as one of the Chargers' “ascending players” |url=https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/jim-harbaugh-praises-undrafted-nikko-reed-as-one-of-the-chargers-ascending-players |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=NBC Sports}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 2025, Chargers sun ba da sanarwar cewa an kara Reed a cikin jerin sunayen mutane 53.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Look at the Chargers Initial 53-Man Roster for 2025 |url=https://www.chargers.com/news/53-man-roster-2025 |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=Chargers.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni biyar a Los Angeles, inda ya yi rikodin duka biyu.A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2026, an sanya Reed a cikin ajiyar masu rauni saboda raunin hamstring.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 4, 2026 |title=Chargers' Nikko Reed: Will miss most of postseason |url=https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/football/news/chargers-nikko-reed-will-miss-most-of-postseason/ |access-date=January 4, 2026 |website=cbssports.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, 2026, Chargers sun dakatar da Reed a matsayin wani ɓangare na yanke jerin sunayen karshe; an sake sanya shi hannu a cikin tawagar motsa jiki ta washegari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 30, 2026 |title=Los Angeles Chargers Reduce Roster to 53 Players |url=https://www.chargers.com/news/reduce-roster-to-53-players-2026 |website=Chargers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2026 |title=Los Angeles Chargers Announce Roster Transactions |url=https://www.chargers.com/news/practice-squad-2026 |website=Chargers.com}}</ref> === New York Giants === A ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2026, Reed ya sanya hannu tare da New York Giants daga tawagar motsa jiki ta Chargers. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salamone |first=Dan |title=Giants place CB Paulson Adebo on IR; CB Nikko Reed signed from Chargers' practice squad |url=https://www.giants.com/news/giants-place-cornerback-paulson-adebo-on-injured-reserve-week-2-los-angeles-rams-roster-move |access-date=19 September 2026 |website=Giants.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.chargers.com/team/players-roster/nikko-reed/ Labarin Los Angeles Chargers] * [https://cubuffs.com/sports/football/roster/nikko-reed/15819 Rayuwa ta Colorado Buffaloes] * [https://goducks.com/sports/football/roster/nikko-reed/16192 Oregon Ducks bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] 1tvhgp4emfe98jbcazelp6jn8oad11c 0 180524 975292 2026-11-02T18:11:16Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363099699|Steve Schneider (Branch Davidian)]]" 975292 wikitext text/x-wiki Steven Emil Schneider (16 ga Oktoba, 1949 - 19 ga Afrilu, 1993 [1]) ya kasance reshen Davidian na Amurka wanda ake kira "Lieutenant" ga David Koresh, shugaban sabuwar ƙungiyar addini.[2][3] Ya auri Judy Schneider, amma a cikin al'umma Koresh ya yi ciki da Judy kuma ta haifi ɗa tare da shi.[4] Steve Schneider ya girma ne a cikin gidan Adventist na bakwai a Wisconsin. [5][6] Schneider ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Newbold a Ƙasar Ingila, kuma daga ƙarshe ya yi aiki don karɓar Ph.D. a cikin addinin kwatankwacin a Jami'ar Hawai'i.[7][8] A cikin kimanin 1986, Schneider ya sadu da Marc Breault, wani 'Yan asalin Hawaiian Branch Davidian, kuma ya tuba zuwa Branch Davidians. Schneider ya yi nasara sosai wajen samun masu tuba zuwa Branch Davidianism.David Thibodeau, wanda ya tsira daga kewaye da Waco kuma mai ba da labari, ya tuba bayan ya sadu da Schneider a California. Masana James Tabor da Eugene Gallagher sun lura cewa ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya tuba da mutane ashirin a kan tafiya zuwa Ingila a shekarar 1988. Schneider ya kasance a cikin Dutsen Carmel a farkon kewayewar Waco a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1993.Ya zauna a cikin ko kusa da fili don dukan kewaye kuma ya mutu a can.Hukumomin 'yan sanda daban-daban sun yi imanin cewa Schneider ya harbe Koresh kafin ya harbe kansa a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1993 .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aide to Koresh Killed Cult Leader, FBI Spokesman Believes |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1993/09/05/aide-to-koresh-killed-cult-leader-fbi-spokesman-believes/62449329007/ |access-date=July 9, 2022 |website=The Oklahoman |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kasance babban hali a cikin miniseries na 2018 ''Waco'', wanda Paul Sparks ya buga.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Freedman |first=Adrianna |date=April 29, 2020 |title=Steve Schneider Was David Koresh's Spokesman During the Waco Tragedy |url=https://www.menshealth.com/entertainment/a32317580/steve-schneider-waco-netflix/ |access-date=July 8, 2022 |website=Men's Health |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa kafin reshen Davidianism da juyowa == Schneider ya girma ne a cikin iyalin Adventist na bakwai a Madison, Wisconsin . <ref name=":3" /> Iyayensa sune Emil da Patricia Schneider, waɗanda suka zauna a Oneida County, Wisconsin a ƙarshen kewayewar Waco a 1993. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Family Members Stunned by Cult's Violent End With PM-Armed Cult, Bjt |url=https://apnews.com/article/a55d4a2690d8fb7fdb5340520020dd8c |access-date=July 9, 2022 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Newbold a Ingila kafin a kore shi saboda maye.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=McBride |first=Jessica |date=April 26, 2020 |title=Steve & Judy Schneider: Real Story of the Waco Characters |url=https://heavy.com/news/2020/04/steve-judy-schneider-waco-real-story/ |access-date=July 8, 2022 |website=Heavy.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya nemi kuma an yarda da shi zuwa shirin Ph.D. a cikin addinin kwatankwacin a Jami'ar Hawai'i a cikin kimanin 1981. <ref name=":2" /> Schneider ya sadu da Judy a cikin kimanin 1971 kuma ya auri ta a watan Yulin 1981. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Service |first=JULIA HELGASON Cox News |date=May 1993 |title=Until death do us part: Couple's devotion to each other eclipsed by cult |url=https://wacotrib.com/news/branch_davidians/until-death-do-us-part-couple-s-devotion-to-each-other-eclipsed-by-cult/article_1c76b0ba-f948-5811-9d30-a150bd224b45.html |access-date=July 8, 2022 |website=WacoTrib.com |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 1978, Steve da Judy sun koma Hawaii don ya fara shirin Ph.D. . <ref name=":4" /> A shekara ta 1986, Judy da Steve sun sadu da Marc Breault a Hawaii.<ref name=":4" /> Steve bai iya samun aiki ba yayin da yake aiki a kan Ph.D. nasa - ana zaton yana so ya yi bishara amma bai sami coci da ya ji ya cancanci ayyukansa ba har sai ya sadu da reshen Davidian.<ref name=":4" /> Ba a san ainihin ranar da ya tuba ba, amma Tabor da Gallagher sun lura cewa bidiyon Nazarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Kudancin Carolina daga 1987 yana nuna Schneider, yana nuna cewa ya tuba a cikin kimanin 1986. <ref name=":1" /> Steve da farin ciki yana so ya shiga reshen Davidians, amma Judy ba ta da niyya.<ref name=":4" /> Koyaya, a cikin 1986, Steve da Judy sun shiga reshen Davidians, kuma Judy ta ci gaba da hulɗa da mahaifiyarta ta hanyar tarho.<ref name=":4" /> == Siege na Waco da mutuwa == Schneider ya kasance mai aiki sosai a cikin reshen Davidian kafin da kuma lokacin da aka kewaye Cibiyar Dutsen Carmel.A matsayin David Koresh's "mutumin hannun dama," <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Avery |date=January 23, 2018 |title=Steve Schneider: 5 Things To Know About David Koresh's Right-Hand Man Before 'Waco' |url=https://hollywoodlife.com/2018/01/23/who-is-steve-schneider-waco-david-koresh/ |access-date=July 8, 2022 |website=Hollywood Life |language=en-US}}</ref> "lieutenant," ko "deputy," <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Things You May Not Know About Waco |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-waco/ |access-date=July 8, 2022 |website=FRONTLINE |language=en-US}}</ref> Schneider yana da iko mai yawa a tsakanin Davidians. Schneider shine babban mutumin da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) ya tattauna da shi.Wani masanin ya kira shi babban "mai magana da yawun" Koresh A cewar Robert R. Agnes, Schneider ya yi magana da FBI kusan 50% na lokacin, inda Koresh ya yi magana 40% na lokacin. Wasu daga cikin cikakkun bayanai game da "mahawara" sun kasance na addini da na ruhaniya; Schneider sau ɗaya ya karanta dukan Ru'ya ta Yohanna 18 ga mai tattaunawa. Da misalin karfe 5:55 na safe CDT (UTC-5:00), ƙungiyar ceto ta FBI ta kira reshen Davidians don sanar da su cewa FBI za ta gudanar da iskar gas ta CS gas cikin fili don fitar da reshen Davidian.Steve Schneider ya amsa, ya yi magana da jami'an FBI a wancan gefen, an ruwaito cewa ya buga tarho a kan mai karɓa, kuma ya ja wayar daga bango. Bayan gobarar ta fara da misalin karfe 12:00 na yamma CDT, Schneider ya kasance a cikin fili tare da wasu rassan Davidians 75 kuma ya mutu.Wakilin FBI Bob Ricks ya yi imanin cewa Schneider ya harbe shi ya kashe Koresh kafin gobarar ta kashe su saboda Schneider ya fahimci cewa shi "cin amana ne," kuma nan da nan bayan haka ya harbe kansa. Binciken gawawwakinsa na farko ya tabbatar da cewa ya mutu ne daga raunin kai wanda watakila ya haifar da " fashewa ko raunin harbi". == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] ni4g6eex0626uru700cp14cx557xyxd 975295 975292 2026-11-02T18:12:38Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 975295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Steven Emil Schneider 16 ga watan Oktoba, 1949 - 19 ga watan Afrilu, 1993 [1]) ya kasance reshen Davidian na Amurka wanda ake kira "Lieutenant" ga David Koresh, shugaban sabuwar ƙungiyar addini.[2][3] Ya auri Judy Schneider, amma a cikin al'umma Koresh ya yi ciki da Judy kuma ta haifi ɗa tare da shi.[4] Steve Schneider ya girma ne a cikin gidan Adventist na bakwai a Wisconsin. [5][6] Schneider ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Newbold a Ƙasar Ingila, kuma daga ƙarshe ya yi aiki don karɓar Ph.D. a cikin addinin kwatankwacin a Jami'ar Hawai'i.[7][8] A cikin kimanin 1986, Schneider ya sadu da Marc Breault, wani 'Yan asalin Hawaiian Branch Davidian, kuma ya tuba zuwa Branch Davidians. Schneider ya yi nasara sosai wajen samun masu tuba zuwa Branch Davidianism.David Thibodeau, wanda ya tsira daga kewaye da Waco kuma mai ba da labari, ya tuba bayan ya sadu da Schneider a California. Masana James Tabor da Eugene Gallagher sun lura cewa ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya tuba da mutane ashirin a kan tafiya zuwa Ingila a shekarar 1988. Schneider ya kasance a cikin Dutsen Carmel a farkon kewayewar Waco a ranar 28 ga watan Fabrairu, 1993.Ya zauna a cikin ko kusa da fili don dukan kewaye kuma ya mutu a can.Hukumomin 'yan sanda daban-daban sun yi imanin cewa Schneider ya harbe Koresh kafin ya harbe kansa a ranar 19 ga watan Afrilu, 1993 .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aide to Koresh Killed Cult Leader, FBI Spokesman Believes |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1993/09/05/aide-to-koresh-killed-cult-leader-fbi-spokesman-believes/62449329007/ |access-date=July 9, 2022 |website=The Oklahoman |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kasance babban hali a cikin miniseries na 2018 ''Waco'', wanda Paul Sparks ya buga.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Freedman |first=Adrianna |date=April 29, 2020 |title=Steve Schneider Was David Koresh's Spokesman During the Waco Tragedy |url=https://www.menshealth.com/entertainment/a32317580/steve-schneider-waco-netflix/ |access-date=July 8, 2022 |website=Men's Health |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa kafin reshen Davidianism da juyowa == Schneider ya girma ne a cikin iyalin Adventist na bakwai a Madison, Wisconsin . <ref name=":3" /> Iyayensa sune Emil da Patricia Schneider, waɗanda suka zauna a Oneida County, Wisconsin a ƙarshen kewayewar Waco a 1993. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Family Members Stunned by Cult's Violent End With PM-Armed Cult, Bjt |url=https://apnews.com/article/a55d4a2690d8fb7fdb5340520020dd8c |access-date=July 9, 2022 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Newbold a Ingila kafin a kore shi saboda maye.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=McBride |first=Jessica |date=April 26, 2020 |title=Steve & Judy Schneider: Real Story of the Waco Characters |url=https://heavy.com/news/2020/04/steve-judy-schneider-waco-real-story/ |access-date=July 8, 2022 |website=Heavy.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya nemi kuma an yarda da shi zuwa shirin Ph.D. a cikin addinin kwatankwacin a Jami'ar Hawai'i a cikin kimanin 1981. <ref name=":2" /> Schneider ya sadu da Judy a cikin kimanin 1971 kuma ya auri ta a watan Yulin 1981. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Service |first=JULIA HELGASON Cox News |date=May 1993 |title=Until death do us part: Couple's devotion to each other eclipsed by cult |url=https://wacotrib.com/news/branch_davidians/until-death-do-us-part-couple-s-devotion-to-each-other-eclipsed-by-cult/article_1c76b0ba-f948-5811-9d30-a150bd224b45.html |access-date=July 8, 2022 |website=WacoTrib.com |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 1978, Steve da Judy sun koma Hawaii don ya fara shirin Ph.D. . <ref name=":4" /> A shekara ta 1986, Judy da Steve sun sadu da Marc Breault a Hawaii.<ref name=":4" /> Steve bai iya samun aiki ba yayin da yake aiki a kan Ph.D. nasa - ana zaton yana so ya yi bishara amma bai sami coci da ya ji ya cancanci ayyukansa ba har sai ya sadu da reshen Davidian.<ref name=":4" /> Ba a san ainihin ranar da ya tuba ba, amma Tabor da Gallagher sun lura cewa bidiyon Nazarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Kudancin Carolina daga 1987 yana nuna Schneider, yana nuna cewa ya tuba a cikin kimanin 1986. <ref name=":1" /> Steve da farin ciki yana so ya shiga reshen Davidians, amma Judy ba ta da niyya.<ref name=":4" /> Koyaya, a cikin 1986, Steve da Judy sun shiga reshen Davidians, kuma Judy ta ci gaba da hulɗa da mahaifiyarta ta hanyar tarho.<ref name=":4" /> == Siege na Waco da mutuwa == Schneider ya kasance mai aiki sosai a cikin reshen Davidian kafin da kuma lokacin da aka kewaye Cibiyar Dutsen Carmel.A matsayin David Koresh's "mutumin hannun dama," <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Avery |date=January 23, 2018 |title=Steve Schneider: 5 Things To Know About David Koresh's Right-Hand Man Before 'Waco' |url=https://hollywoodlife.com/2018/01/23/who-is-steve-schneider-waco-david-koresh/ |access-date=July 8, 2022 |website=Hollywood Life |language=en-US}}</ref> "lieutenant," ko "deputy," <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Things You May Not Know About Waco |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-waco/ |access-date=July 8, 2022 |website=FRONTLINE |language=en-US}}</ref> Schneider yana da iko mai yawa a tsakanin Davidians. Schneider shine babban mutumin da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) ya tattauna da shi.Wani masanin ya kira shi babban "mai magana da yawun" Koresh A cewar Robert R. Agnes, Schneider ya yi magana da FBI kusan 50% na lokacin, inda Koresh ya yi magana 40% na lokacin. Wasu daga cikin cikakkun bayanai game da "mahawara" sun kasance na addini da na ruhaniya; Schneider sau ɗaya ya karanta dukan Ru'ya ta Yohanna 18 ga mai tattaunawa. Da misalin karfe 5:55 na safe CDT (UTC-5:00), ƙungiyar ceto ta FBI ta kira reshen Davidians don sanar da su cewa FBI za ta gudanar da iskar gas ta CS gas cikin fili don fitar da reshen Davidian.Steve Schneider ya amsa, ya yi magana da jami'an FBI a wancan gefen, an ruwaito cewa ya buga tarho a kan mai karɓa, kuma ya ja wayar daga bango. Bayan gobarar ta fara da misalin karfe 12:00 na yamma CDT, Schneider ya kasance a cikin fili tare da wasu rassan Davidians 75 kuma ya mutu.Wakilin FBI Bob Ricks ya yi imanin cewa Schneider ya harbe shi ya kashe Koresh kafin gobarar ta kashe su saboda Schneider ya fahimci cewa shi "cin amana ne," kuma nan da nan bayan haka ya harbe kansa. Binciken gawawwakinsa na farko ya tabbatar da cewa ya mutu ne daga raunin kai wanda watakila ya haifar da " fashewa ko raunin harbi". == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] 6ss708c1yw5b8a1dik76ihi815oih77 0 180525 975296 2026-11-02T18:17:08Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369492295|Cyathus (mythology)]]" 975296 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, '''Cyathus''' (Girkanci na dā: ), shi ne matashi mai ɗaukar kofin Kalydonian na danginsa Sarki Oeneus . Shi ɗan Architeles ne ko Pyles kuma ɗan'uwan Antimachus. .A wasu asusun, ana kiran Cyathus Archias, [[Cherias]] (Χερίαν) , Eunomus (Ενομος) ko Eurynomus. == Tatsuniya == Lokacin da Heracles ya ziyarci surukinsa Oeneus, jarumin da ya buge shi a kai da ɗaya daga cikin yatsunsa ko kuma da bugun hannunsa ya kashe Cyathus.Wannan ya faru ne saboda kuskuren da aka yi a aiwatar da aikinsa.Ganin cewa hatsari ne, Architeles ya gafarta wa Heracles amma na ƙarshe bisa ga doka, ya yi gudun hijira kuma ya tafi a Trachis. An girmama Cyathus a Phlius tare da wuri mai tsarki kusa da haikalin [[Apollo]] . A halin yanzu, bisa ga littafin Nicander na biyu na ''Tarihin Oeta'', Heracles ya keɓe haikalin a Proschium, wanda har zuwa yau ake kira Haikalin Cupbearer. == Manazarta == <references /> == Hadin waje == * Apollodorus, ''Laburaren'' tare da fassarar Turanci ta Sir James George Frazer, FBA, FRS a cikin 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921.<nowiki>ISBN 0-674-99135-4</nowiki>.[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library.][http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa daga wannan shafin yanar gizon]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, The ''Deipnosophists ko Banquet of the Learned .''London.Henry G. Bohn, titin York, Covent Garden.1854. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2013.01.0003 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, ''Deipnosophistae''.KaibelA cikin Aedibus B.G. Teubneri .Lipsiae.1887. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Diodorus Siculus, ''Laburaren Tarihi'' wanda Charles Henry Oldfather ya fassara.Littattafai goma sha biyu.Loeb Classical Library.Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989.Fashewa.3. Littattafai 4.59-8.[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html Shafin yanar gizo a shafin yanar gizon Bill Thayer] * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]''Bibliotheca Historica.Jirgin sama 1-2''.Immanel Bekker.Ludwig Dindorf.Friedrich Vogel.a cikin aedibus B. G. Teubneri .Leipzig1888-1890. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Pausanias, Bayani na Girka tare da Fassarar Turanci ta W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., da kuma H.A. Ormerod, MA, a cikin 4 Volumes.Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. .{{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library] * Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio.Jirgin sama uku.[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]1903. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. jeembrul1i631ee0dlyou4aolqbohha 975297 975296 2026-11-02T18:17:37Z Aluja 30485 975297 wikitext text/x-wiki A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, '''Cyathus''' (Girkanci na dā: ), shi ne matashi mai ɗaukar kofin Kalydonian na danginsa Sarki Oeneus . Shi ɗan Architeles ne ko Pyles kuma ɗan'uwan Antimachus. .A wasu asusun, ana kiran Cyathus Archias, [[Cherias]] (Χερίαν) , Eunomus (Ενομος) ko Eurynomus. == Tatsuniya == Lokacin da Heracles ya ziyarci surukinsa Oeneus, jarumin da ya buge shi a kai da ɗaya daga cikin yatsunsa ko kuma da bugun hannunsa ya kashe Cyathus.Wannan ya faru ne saboda kuskuren da aka yi a aiwatar da aikinsa.Ganin cewa hatsari ne, Architeles ya gafarta wa Heracles amma na ƙarshe bisa ga doka, ya yi gudun hijira kuma ya tafi a Trachis. An girmama Cyathus a Phlius tare da wuri mai tsarki kusa da haikalin [[Apollo]] . A halin yanzu, bisa ga littafin Nicander na biyu na ''Tarihin Oeta'', Heracles ya keɓe haikalin a Proschium, wanda har zuwa yau ake kira Haikalin Cupbearer. == Manazarta == <references /> == Hadin waje == * Apollodorus, ''Laburaren'' tare da fassarar Turanci ta Sir James George Frazer, FBA, FRS a cikin 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921.<nowiki>ISBN 0-674-99135-4</nowiki>.[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library.][http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa daga wannan shafin yanar gizon]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, The ''Deipnosophists ko Banquet of the Learned .''London.Henry G. Bohn, titin York, Covent Garden.1854. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2013.01.0003 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, ''Deipnosophistae''.KaibelA cikin Aedibus B.G. Teubneri .Lipsiae.1887. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Diodorus Siculus, ''Laburaren Tarihi'' wanda Charles Henry Oldfather ya fassara.Littattafai goma sha biyu.Loeb Classical Library.Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989.Fashewa.3. Littattafai 4.59-8.[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html Shafin yanar gizo a shafin yanar gizon Bill Thayer] * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]''Bibliotheca Historica.Jirgin sama 1-2''.Immanel Bekker.Ludwig Dindorf.Friedrich Vogel.a cikin aedibus B. G. Teubneri .Leipzig1888-1890. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Pausanias, Bayani na Girka tare da Fassarar Turanci ta W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., da kuma H.A. Ormerod, MA, a cikin 4 Volumes.Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. .{{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library] * Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio.Jirgin sama uku.[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]1903. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. maaqkaflrejn3y3n8rsd3jiglcqac5k 975301 975297 2026-11-02T18:19:28Z Aluja 30485 975301 wikitext text/x-wiki A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, '''Cyathus''' (Girkanci na dā: ), shi ne matashi mai ɗaukar kofin Kalydonian na danginsa Sarki Oeneus . Shi ɗan Architeles ne ko Pyles kuma ɗan'uwan Antimachus. .A wasu asusun, ana kiran Cyathus Archias, [[Cherias]] (Χερίαν) , Eunomus (Ενομος) ko Eurynomus.<ref>[[Diodorus Siculus]], 4.36.2</ref>. == Tatsuniya == Lokacin da Heracles ya ziyarci surukinsa Oeneus, jarumin da ya buge shi a kai da ɗaya daga cikin yatsunsa ko kuma da bugun hannunsa ya kashe Cyathus.Wannan ya faru ne saboda kuskuren da aka yi a aiwatar da aikinsa.Ganin cewa hatsari ne, Architeles ya gafarta wa Heracles amma na ƙarshe bisa ga doka, ya yi gudun hijira kuma ya tafi a Trachis. An girmama Cyathus a Phlius tare da wuri mai tsarki kusa da haikalin [[Apollo]] . A halin yanzu, bisa ga littafin Nicander na biyu na ''Tarihin Oeta'', Heracles ya keɓe haikalin a Proschium, wanda har zuwa yau ake kira Haikalin Cupbearer. == Manazarta == <references /> == Hadin waje == * Apollodorus, ''Laburaren'' tare da fassarar Turanci ta Sir James George Frazer, FBA, FRS a cikin 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921.<nowiki>ISBN 0-674-99135-4</nowiki>.[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library.][http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa daga wannan shafin yanar gizon]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, The ''Deipnosophists ko Banquet of the Learned .''London.Henry G. Bohn, titin York, Covent Garden.1854. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2013.01.0003 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, ''Deipnosophistae''.KaibelA cikin Aedibus B.G. Teubneri .Lipsiae.1887. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Diodorus Siculus, ''Laburaren Tarihi'' wanda Charles Henry Oldfather ya fassara.Littattafai goma sha biyu.Loeb Classical Library.Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989.Fashewa.3. Littattafai 4.59-8.[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html Shafin yanar gizo a shafin yanar gizon Bill Thayer] * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]''Bibliotheca Historica.Jirgin sama 1-2''.Immanel Bekker.Ludwig Dindorf.Friedrich Vogel.a cikin aedibus B. G. Teubneri .Leipzig1888-1890. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Pausanias, Bayani na Girka tare da Fassarar Turanci ta W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., da kuma H.A. Ormerod, MA, a cikin 4 Volumes.Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. .{{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library] * Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio.Jirgin sama uku.[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]1903. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. cui0dtz94wkjdli8mtqsqpgbf6tqtjb 975302 975301 2026-11-02T18:20:47Z Aluja 30485 975302 wikitext text/x-wiki A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, '''Cyathus''' (Girkanci na dā: ), shi ne matashi mai ɗaukar kofin Kalydonian na danginsa Sarki Oeneus . Shi ɗan Architeles ne ko Pyles kuma ɗan'uwan Antimachus. .A wasu asusun, ana kiran Cyathus Archias, [[Cherias]] (Χερίαν) , Eunomus (Ενομος) <ref>Athenaeus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ath.+9.80&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2013.01.0003:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Eunomus 9.80] as cited from [[Herodorus]]' seventeenth book of the ''Exploits of Hercules''</ref> ko Eurynomus.<ref>[[Diodorus Siculus]], 4.36.2</ref>. == Tatsuniya == Lokacin da Heracles ya ziyarci surukinsa Oeneus, jarumin da ya buge shi a kai da ɗaya daga cikin yatsunsa ko kuma da bugun hannunsa ya kashe Cyathus.Wannan ya faru ne saboda kuskuren da aka yi a aiwatar da aikinsa.Ganin cewa hatsari ne, Architeles ya gafarta wa Heracles amma na ƙarshe bisa ga doka, ya yi gudun hijira kuma ya tafi a Trachis. An girmama Cyathus a Phlius tare da wuri mai tsarki kusa da haikalin [[Apollo]] . A halin yanzu, bisa ga littafin Nicander na biyu na ''Tarihin Oeta'', Heracles ya keɓe haikalin a Proschium, wanda har zuwa yau ake kira Haikalin Cupbearer. == Manazarta == <references /> == Hadin waje == * Apollodorus, ''Laburaren'' tare da fassarar Turanci ta Sir James George Frazer, FBA, FRS a cikin 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921.<nowiki>ISBN 0-674-99135-4</nowiki>.[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library.][http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa daga wannan shafin yanar gizon]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, The ''Deipnosophists ko Banquet of the Learned .''London.Henry G. Bohn, titin York, Covent Garden.1854. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2013.01.0003 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, ''Deipnosophistae''.KaibelA cikin Aedibus B.G. Teubneri .Lipsiae.1887. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Diodorus Siculus, ''Laburaren Tarihi'' wanda Charles Henry Oldfather ya fassara.Littattafai goma sha biyu.Loeb Classical Library.Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989.Fashewa.3. Littattafai 4.59-8.[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html Shafin yanar gizo a shafin yanar gizon Bill Thayer] * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]''Bibliotheca Historica.Jirgin sama 1-2''.Immanel Bekker.Ludwig Dindorf.Friedrich Vogel.a cikin aedibus B. G. Teubneri .Leipzig1888-1890. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Pausanias, Bayani na Girka tare da Fassarar Turanci ta W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., da kuma H.A. Ormerod, MA, a cikin 4 Volumes.Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. .{{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library] * Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio.Jirgin sama uku.[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]1903. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. luh1agsrrdvq4c517ajf9py47c6i1ha 975303 975302 2026-11-02T18:22:06Z Aluja 30485 975303 wikitext text/x-wiki A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, '''Cyathus''' (Girkanci na dā: ), shi ne matashi mai ɗaukar kofin Kalydonian na danginsa Sarki Oeneus . Shi ɗan Architeles ne ko Pyles kuma ɗan'uwan Antimachus. .A wasu asusun, ana kiran Cyathus Archias, [[Cherias]] (Χερίαν) <ref>Athenaeus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ath.+9.80&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2013.01.0003:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Cherias 9.80] as cited from Hellanicus' second book of ''[[Phoronis (Hellanicus)|Phoronis]]''</ref>, Eunomus (Ενομος) <ref>Athenaeus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ath.+9.80&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2013.01.0003:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Eunomus 9.80] as cited from [[Herodorus]]' seventeenth book of the ''Exploits of Hercules''</ref> ko Eurynomus.<ref>[[Diodorus Siculus]], 4.36.2</ref>. == Tatsuniya == Lokacin da Heracles ya ziyarci surukinsa Oeneus, jarumin da ya buge shi a kai da ɗaya daga cikin yatsunsa ko kuma da bugun hannunsa ya kashe Cyathus.Wannan ya faru ne saboda kuskuren da aka yi a aiwatar da aikinsa.Ganin cewa hatsari ne, Architeles ya gafarta wa Heracles amma na ƙarshe bisa ga doka, ya yi gudun hijira kuma ya tafi a Trachis. An girmama Cyathus a Phlius tare da wuri mai tsarki kusa da haikalin [[Apollo]] . A halin yanzu, bisa ga littafin Nicander na biyu na ''Tarihin Oeta'', Heracles ya keɓe haikalin a Proschium, wanda har zuwa yau ake kira Haikalin Cupbearer. == Manazarta == <references /> == Hadin waje == * Apollodorus, ''Laburaren'' tare da fassarar Turanci ta Sir James George Frazer, FBA, FRS a cikin 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921.<nowiki>ISBN 0-674-99135-4</nowiki>.[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library.][http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa daga wannan shafin yanar gizon]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, The ''Deipnosophists ko Banquet of the Learned .''London.Henry G. Bohn, titin York, Covent Garden.1854. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2013.01.0003 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, ''Deipnosophistae''.KaibelA cikin Aedibus B.G. Teubneri .Lipsiae.1887. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Diodorus Siculus, ''Laburaren Tarihi'' wanda Charles Henry Oldfather ya fassara.Littattafai goma sha biyu.Loeb Classical Library.Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989.Fashewa.3. Littattafai 4.59-8.[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html Shafin yanar gizo a shafin yanar gizon Bill Thayer] * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]''Bibliotheca Historica.Jirgin sama 1-2''.Immanel Bekker.Ludwig Dindorf.Friedrich Vogel.a cikin aedibus B. G. Teubneri .Leipzig1888-1890. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Pausanias, Bayani na Girka tare da Fassarar Turanci ta W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., da kuma H.A. Ormerod, MA, a cikin 4 Volumes.Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. .{{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library] * Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio.Jirgin sama uku.[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]1903. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. o2jj1lgobq1zuc2f3upw5m987psta8b 975304 975303 2026-11-02T18:23:52Z Aluja 30485 975304 wikitext text/x-wiki A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, '''Cyathus''' (Girkanci na dā: ), shi ne matashi mai ɗaukar kofin Kalydonian na danginsa Sarki Oeneus . Shi ɗan Architeles ne ko Pyles kuma ɗan'uwan Antimachus. .A wasu asusun, ana kiran Cyathus Archias,<ref>Athenaeus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ath.+9.80&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2013.01.0003:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Archias 9.80] as cited from [[Hellanicus of Lesbos|Hellanicus]]' ''Histories''</ref> [[Cherias]] (Χερίαν) <ref>Athenaeus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ath.+9.80&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2013.01.0003:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Cherias 9.80] as cited from Hellanicus' second book of ''[[Phoronis (Hellanicus)|Phoronis]]''</ref>, Eunomus (Ενομος) <ref>Athenaeus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ath.+9.80&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2013.01.0003:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Eunomus 9.80] as cited from [[Herodorus]]' seventeenth book of the ''Exploits of Hercules''</ref> ko Eurynomus.<ref>[[Diodorus Siculus]], 4.36.2</ref>. == Tatsuniya == Lokacin da Heracles ya ziyarci surukinsa Oeneus, jarumin da ya buge shi a kai da ɗaya daga cikin yatsunsa ko kuma da bugun hannunsa ya kashe Cyathus.Wannan ya faru ne saboda kuskuren da aka yi a aiwatar da aikinsa.Ganin cewa hatsari ne, Architeles ya gafarta wa Heracles amma na ƙarshe bisa ga doka, ya yi gudun hijira kuma ya tafi a Trachis. An girmama Cyathus a Phlius tare da wuri mai tsarki kusa da haikalin [[Apollo]] . A halin yanzu, bisa ga littafin Nicander na biyu na ''Tarihin Oeta'', Heracles ya keɓe haikalin a Proschium, wanda har zuwa yau ake kira Haikalin Cupbearer. == Manazarta == <references /> == Hadin waje == * Apollodorus, ''Laburaren'' tare da fassarar Turanci ta Sir James George Frazer, FBA, FRS a cikin 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921.<nowiki>ISBN 0-674-99135-4</nowiki>.[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library.][http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa daga wannan shafin yanar gizon]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, The ''Deipnosophists ko Banquet of the Learned .''London.Henry G. Bohn, titin York, Covent Garden.1854. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2013.01.0003 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, ''Deipnosophistae''.KaibelA cikin Aedibus B.G. Teubneri .Lipsiae.1887. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Diodorus Siculus, ''Laburaren Tarihi'' wanda Charles Henry Oldfather ya fassara.Littattafai goma sha biyu.Loeb Classical Library.Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989.Fashewa.3. Littattafai 4.59-8.[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html Shafin yanar gizo a shafin yanar gizon Bill Thayer] * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]''Bibliotheca Historica.Jirgin sama 1-2''.Immanel Bekker.Ludwig Dindorf.Friedrich Vogel.a cikin aedibus B. G. Teubneri .Leipzig1888-1890. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Pausanias, Bayani na Girka tare da Fassarar Turanci ta W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., da kuma H.A. Ormerod, MA, a cikin 4 Volumes.Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. .{{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library] * Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio.Jirgin sama uku.[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]1903. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. t4ao4s8luf65pkrxif8c18zhx5k5iwx 975305 975304 2026-11-02T18:37:51Z Aluja 30485 /* Tatsuniya */ 975305 wikitext text/x-wiki A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, '''Cyathus''' (Girkanci na dā: ), shi ne matashi mai ɗaukar kofin Kalydonian na danginsa Sarki Oeneus . Shi ɗan Architeles ne ko Pyles kuma ɗan'uwan Antimachus. .A wasu asusun, ana kiran Cyathus Archias,<ref>Athenaeus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ath.+9.80&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2013.01.0003:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Archias 9.80] as cited from [[Hellanicus of Lesbos|Hellanicus]]' ''Histories''</ref> [[Cherias]] (Χερίαν) <ref>Athenaeus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ath.+9.80&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2013.01.0003:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Cherias 9.80] as cited from Hellanicus' second book of ''[[Phoronis (Hellanicus)|Phoronis]]''</ref>, Eunomus (Ενομος) <ref>Athenaeus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ath.+9.80&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2013.01.0003:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Eunomus 9.80] as cited from [[Herodorus]]' seventeenth book of the ''Exploits of Hercules''</ref> ko Eurynomus.<ref>[[Diodorus Siculus]], 4.36.2</ref>. == Tatsuniya == Lokacin da Heracles ya ziyarci surukinsa Oeneus, jarumin da ya buge shi a kai da ɗaya daga cikin yatsunsa ko kuma da bugun hannunsa ya kashe Cyathus.Wannan ya faru ne saboda kuskuren da aka yi a aiwatar da aikinsa.Ganin cewa hatsari ne, Architeles ya gafarta wa Heracles amma na ƙarshe bisa ga doka, ya yi gudun hijira kuma ya tafi a Trachis.<ref>Apollodorus, 2.7.6; Pausanias, 2.13.8; Diodorus Siculus, 4.36.2–3; Athenaeus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ath.+9.80&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2013.01.0003:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Cyathus 9.80]</ref> An girmama Cyathus a Phlius tare da wuri mai tsarki kusa da haikalin [[Apollo]] . A halin yanzu, bisa ga littafin Nicander na biyu na ''Tarihin Oeta'', Heracles ya keɓe haikalin a Proschium, wanda har zuwa yau ake kira Haikalin Cupbearer. == Manazarta == <references /> == Hadin waje == * Apollodorus, ''Laburaren'' tare da fassarar Turanci ta Sir James George Frazer, FBA, FRS a cikin 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921.<nowiki>ISBN 0-674-99135-4</nowiki>.[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library.][http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa daga wannan shafin yanar gizon]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, The ''Deipnosophists ko Banquet of the Learned .''London.Henry G. Bohn, titin York, Covent Garden.1854. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2013.01.0003 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library]. * Athenaeus na Naucratis, ''Deipnosophistae''.KaibelA cikin Aedibus B.G. Teubneri .Lipsiae.1887. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Diodorus Siculus, ''Laburaren Tarihi'' wanda Charles Henry Oldfather ya fassara.Littattafai goma sha biyu.Loeb Classical Library.Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989.Fashewa.3. Littattafai 4.59-8.[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html Shafin yanar gizo a shafin yanar gizon Bill Thayer] * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]''Bibliotheca Historica.Jirgin sama 1-2''.Immanel Bekker.Ludwig Dindorf.Friedrich Vogel.a cikin aedibus B. G. Teubneri .Leipzig1888-1890. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. * Pausanias, Bayani na Girka tare da Fassarar Turanci ta W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., da kuma H.A. Ormerod, MA, a cikin 4 Volumes.Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. .{{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Shafin kan layi a Perseus Digital Library] * Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio.Jirgin sama uku.[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]1903. Rubutun Helenanci yana samuwa a Perseus Digital Library. 07bc4qbn71dogmetpxy3bnjmgiqfm43 0 180526 975299 2026-11-02T18:18:52Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359582122|Water supply and sanitation in China]]" 975299 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a kasar Sin suna fuskantar babban canji yayin da suke fuskantar kalubale da yawa, kamar saurin birni, karuwar Rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki, da samar da ruwa ga yankunan karkara.[1] Rashin ruwa da gurɓataccen ruwa suma suna tasiri ga samun ruwa.[2][3] An sami ci gaba a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, tare da karuwar damar samun sabis, karuwar maganin ruwan sha na gari, kirkirar ruwa da kayan aikin ruwa da aka raba su da doka da kudi daga kananan hukumomi, da kuma karuwar farfadowa a matsayin wani ɓangare na sauya Tattalin arzikin kasar Sin zuwa tsarin da ya fi dacewa da kasuwa.Gwamnati ta ninka saka hannun jari sau hudu a bangaren a lokacin Shirin Shekaru biyar na goma sha ɗaya (2006-10). Duk da haka, akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a cimma.[1] Dangane da bayanan binciken da Shirin Kula da Ruwa da Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya da UNICEF suka bincika, kusan Sinawa miliyan 100 har yanzu ba su da damar samun ingantaccen tushen ruwa a cikin 2008, kuma kimanin miliyan 460 ba su da hanyar samun ingantaccen tsabta.Ci gaba a yankunan karkara ya bayyana ya kasance a bayan abin da aka samu a birane.[1] Dangane da bayanan da Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa don samar da ruwa da tsabtace jiki na WHO da UNICEF suka gabatar a cikin 2015, kusan kashi 36% na yawan mutanen karkara a kasar Sin har yanzu ba su da damar inganta tsabtace jiki.[2] == Samun dama == Samun ruwa da tsaftacewa ya karu sosai a kasar Sin a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata tare da ci gaban tattalin arziki.Adadin mutanen da ba su da damar samun ruwa "akalla na asali" a cikin 2015 sun kai miliyan 63.Kalmar "akalla ruwa na asali" sabon lokaci ne tun 2016, kuma yana da alaƙa da "maɓallin ruwa mai inganci" da aka yi amfani da shi a baya. Regarding sanitation, progress has been slower and there are still 329 million people without access to "at least basic sanitation", in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China |url=https://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/china/summary/statistics/ |access-date=21 March 2017 |website=WASHWatch}}</ref> Between 1990 and 2008 alone more than 450 million Chinese gained access to an improved water source, based on estimates by the Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation of the [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] that are based on household survey data. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa ya kasance 89%, kuma samun damar inganta tsabtace muhalli ya kasance 55% a cikin 2008.Samun damar samun ingantaccen tushen ruwa, duk da haka, ba daidai ba ne da samun damar samun ruwa mai aminci.Da yawa daga cikin wadanda ke da damar samun isasshen ababen more rayuwa suna fama da rashin ingancin ruwa saboda gurɓataccen turare; matakan da ke faruwa na halitta na fluoride, arsenic, ko gishiri; da kuma gurɓatawar sinadarai na masana'antu da aikin gona.Bugu da ƙari, ƙarancin ruwa na yanayi yana faruwa. Kamar yadda yake a wasu kasashe masu tasowa, akwai gagarumin rata tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara.Misali, a cikin 2010, a cikin birane na kasar Sin, kashi 95% suna da damar samun ruwa mai bututu, yayin da rabon a yankunan karkara ya kai kashi 45% kawai. == Ingancin sabis == === Ruwa === A cewar Bankin Duniya kimanin kashi 13% na masu amfani da ruwa na birane suna karɓar ruwa a matsin lamba mara kyau.Bugu da ƙari, kashi 60% na biranen 661 na kasar Sin suna fuskantar karancin ruwa na yanayi, kuma birane sama da 100 suna da ƙuntatawa mai tsanani. Cutar ruwan sha daga turare matsala ce mai tsanani a kasar Sin, kamar yadda yake a wasu kasashe masu tasowa, wanda ke haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani kamar [[Gudawa/Zawo|zawo]] da cutar [[Ciwon Hanta|Hepatitis]].Binciken da [[UNICEF]] ta yi a shekarar 2010 a larduna 11 ya gano cewa sama da rabin dukkan samfurori na ruwan sha sun ƙunshi matakan ƙwayoyin cuta marasa kyau. A halin yanzu, kasar Sin tana fuskantar karancin ruwa saboda yanayi da saurin ci gaba.<ref name="Water Scarcity in China">{{Cite web |last=Hook, Leslie |date=May 14, 2013 |title=China: High and dry: Water shortages put a brake on economic growth |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7d6f69ea-bc73-11e2-b344-00144feab7de.html#axzz2TMae0Kjs |access-date=2013-05-15 |publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> A cikin 2013, China "a karo na farko ta ba da adadin ruwa ga kowane lardin, ta kafa manufofi don amfani da shekara-shekara ta 2015".<ref name="Water Scarcity in China" /> === Maganin ruwa mai guba === An kiyasta cewa a shekara ta 2006 akwai isasshen damar magance kashi 52% na ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2010, akwai masana'antun tsabtace ruwa na gari 1,519 a kasar Sin kuma ana kara shuke-shuke 18 a kowane mako. Ana fadada shuke-shuke da yawa da ke akwai kuma inganta su don haɗawa da matakin magani na uku don cire kayan abinci masu gina jiki don bin ƙa'idodin fitarwa da aka gabatar a cikin 2002.Dangane da fasahar, a cikin shekara ta 2007, fasahar da aka fi amfani da ita ita sune nau'o'i daban-daban na laka mai kunnawa, gami da ramin oxidation (24% na dukkan tsire-tsire), jerin batch reactors (11%), laka mai kunna jiki na al'ada (5%) da membrane bioreactors.A cikin ƙananan al'ummomi, tsire-tsire da ke amfani da magani na farko kawai har yanzu sun zama ruwan dare (15% na dukkan tsire-shuke). Wani bincike a cikin 2004 da Ma'aikatar Gine-gine ta nuna cewa, bisa ga bayanan masana'antar magani, yawancin tsire-tsire suna aiki ne bisa ga ƙa'idodin fitarwa. == Haɗin zuwa albarkatun ruwa == == Haɗin talauci, lafiya, da tsabta == Matsalolin kiwon lafiya da rashin ruwa mai aminci ya haifar sun kara tsanantawa saboda yanayin tsabta mara kyau, musamman a yankunan karkara na kasar Sin.A al'ada, gidajen kasar Sin suna tattara sharar mutum kuma suna jigilar shi zuwa filayen don amfani da shi azaman taki, sau da yawa ba tare da ƙarin magani ba.Latrines sun zama ruwan dare a yankunan karkara.Wasu ba su da kyau, ba a kare su daga kwari da sauran cututtukan cututtuka, yayin da wasu ba su da ƙanshi kuma ba su da kwari.Gidan wanka da ke yin alkawarin yawan lalacewar pathogen ya zama ruwan dare.Samun bayan gida na jama'a da na makaranta a yankunan karkara waɗanda suka cika ka'idodin tsabtace jiki ba su da yawa a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. Gwamnati ta yi ƙoƙari sosai don inganta kyawawan halaye masu alaƙa da kiwon lafiya.A mafi yawan yankunan karkara, cibiyar sadarwa ta ma'aikatan Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya na Kasa (NPHCC), wakilan Tarayyar Mata ta China, Kungiyar Matasan Kwaminisanci ta China, tashoshin rigakafin annoba na gida, da makarantu sun jagoranci kamfen ɗin ilimin kiwon lafiya da ke ƙarfafa halaye masu yawa na tsabta.Wannan aikin, haɗe da ƙimar karatu da rubutu (har ma a yankuna marasa kyau), ya haifar da yaduwar ilimin halayen kiwon lafiya na asali, kamar mahimmancin shan ruwan tafasa.Koyaya, ainihin canjin halayyar ya kasance mai jinkiri don bi, musamman a yankunan da ba su da kyau inda man fetur na iya zama kaɗan kuma fahimtar haɗin tsakanin ruwa ko hannayensu marasa wankewa da [[Gudawa/Zawo|zawo]] ba shi da ƙarfi.Don haka, matsalar ta fi ɗaya daga cikin tasirin sakonnin kiwon lafiya fiye da yaduwar su: A ƙarshen shekarun 1990s, ilimin kiwon lafiya a yawancin yankunan karkara ya ba da cikakken bayani don haɗa halayyar tsabta zuwa ingantaccen kiwon lafiya, kuma yawancin larduna har yanzu ba su da horo na ilimi na kiwon lafiya na musamman.A sakamakon haka, akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa tsakanin yankunan karkara masu talauci da masu arziki, tsakanin da kuma cikin larduna a kasar Sin.Duk da yake yankunan karkara masu arziki da matsakaicin kudin shiga sun sami fa'idodi masu yawa da suka shafi kiwon lafiya sakamakon ingantaccen samar da ruwa da tsabta, yankunan da suka fi talauci da ke da iyakantaccen albarkatun har yanzu ba su sami irin wannan fa'idori ba.<ref name="WB Rural" /> A cikin gundumar [[Gasar Minqin|Minqin]], Inner Mongolia, "10,000 mutane sun bar yankin kuma sun zama ''shengtai yimin'', "baƙi na muhalli". <ref name="Water Scarcity in China" /> == Hakki na samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa == Hakki na samar da ruwa da manufofin tsabta a matakin kasa ana raba shi tsakanin ma'aikatu biyar.Gwamnatocin larduna suna taka rawar gani a bangaren ruwa, suna ba da wasu takamaiman kudade don samar da ruwa a yankunan karkara.Karamar hukuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa, tana ba da gudummawa mai yawa na kudade da mallakar kamfanonin samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli waɗanda sune manyan masu ba da sabis a cikin birane.A cikin ƙananan garuruwa, karamar hukuma wani lokacin tana ba da sabis kai tsaye.Kwamitocin ƙauyuka suna gudanar da tsarin ruwa a yankunan karkara. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}} A wani bangare mai yawa, an gaji tsarin ma'aikata na bangaren daga lokacin tattalin arzikin da aka tsara kafin 1978.Akwai rikice-rikice a cikin alhakin tsakanin cibiyoyin gwamnati a matakin tsakiya da na gida, da kuma tsakanin ma'aikatu daban-daban.Har ila yau, babu cikakkun ma'anoni game da waɗanne kalmomin kamar "suna kulawa" da "management" waɗanda aka ambata a cikin dokar, don haka "sau da yawa sassan da ke kula da su ba za su iya faɗar bambance-bambance da kansu ba".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Deng |first=Yixiang |last2=Brombal |first2=Daniele |last3=Farah |first3=Paolo Davide |last4=Moriggi |first4=Angela |last5=Critto |first5=Andrea |last6=Zhou |first6=Yun |last7=Marcomini |first7=Antonio |year=2016 |title=China's Water Environmental Management Towards Institutional Integration. A Review of Current Progress and Constraints vis-a-vis the European Experience |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=113 |pages=285–298 |bibcode=2016JCPro.113..285D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.022 |s2cid=153290980 |ssrn=2700386}}</ref> === Manufofin da tsarin shari'a === Gwamnatin ƙasa ba ta da takardar manufofi guda ɗaya don samar da ruwa da tsabta.Manyan dokoki guda biyu a bangaren ruwa suna da alaƙa da kula da albarkatun ruwa: Dokar Ruwa ta 2002 da Dokar Rigakafin Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa da Kulawa ta 1984. Tsarin doka don samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa a matakin kasa ya ƙunshi dokokin sakandare, wanda tsarin samar da ruwa na birane na 1994, matakan gudanarwa na 1996 don kula da tsabta na ruwan sha da kuma ka'idojin tsabta na 2006 don ruwan sha suna daga cikin mafi mahimmancin.An haɗa shi da ka'idojin gida da yawa da matakan gudanarwa. ==== Ruwa da tsaftacewa ==== Manufar gwamnati ce ta dawo da farashi don samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa ta hanyar kudaden masu amfani, kuma farashin ruwa ya kamata ya zama mai yawa. Ma'aikatar Gidaje da Ci gaban Karkara (har zuwa 2008 Ma'aikatu ta Gine-gine) tana kula da kudade don ruwa da kayan aikin tsabtace ''birane'' da kuma manufofi game da tsara ruwa da kayan aiki na tsabtace tsabta.Wasu muhimman takardun manufofi da ya bayar sune "Hotuna Kasuwancin Amfani da Jama'a" (No.272 Manufofin Takardar MOC, 2002), "Mataki kan Gudanar da Amfani da Amfani na Jama'a " (No.126 Manufofin Takaddamar MOC, 2004), da kuma "Ra'ayoyi kan Karfafa Tsarin Amfani da Gwamnati" (No .154 Manufofin Takardun MOC, 2005).Koyaya, babu wata doka game da ka'idojin kayan aikin jama'a ko shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a cikin ɓangaren. Ma'aikatar Lafiya tana da halaye da suka shafi inganta samar da ruwa da tsabtace yankunan karkara. ==== Manazarta ==== [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3i5f446xwqia7hot5mch5vlbolvn547 975300 975299 2026-11-02T18:19:22Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 975300 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  {{Databox}} Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a kasar Sin suna fuskantar babban canji yayin da suke fuskantar kalubale da yawa, kamar saurin birni, karuwar Rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki, da samar da ruwa ga yankunan karkara.[1] Rashin ruwa da gurɓataccen ruwa suma suna tasiri ga samun ruwa.[2][3] An sami ci gaba a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, tare da karuwar damar samun sabis, karuwar maganin ruwan sha na gari, kirkirar ruwa da kayan aikin ruwa da aka raba su da doka da kudi daga kananan hukumomi, da kuma karuwar farfadowa a matsayin wani ɓangare na sauya Tattalin arzikin kasar Sin zuwa tsarin da ya fi dacewa da kasuwa.Gwamnati ta ninka saka hannun jari sau hudu a bangaren a lokacin Shirin Shekaru biyar na goma sha ɗaya (2006-10). Duk da haka, akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a cimma.[1] Dangane da bayanan binciken da Shirin Kula da Ruwa da Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya da UNICEF suka bincika, kusan Sinawa miliyan 100 har yanzu ba su da damar samun ingantaccen tushen ruwa a cikin 2008, kuma kimanin miliyan 460 ba su da hanyar samun ingantaccen tsabta.Ci gaba a yankunan karkara ya bayyana ya kasance a bayan abin da aka samu a birane.[1] Dangane da bayanan da Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa don samar da ruwa da tsabtace jiki na WHO da UNICEF suka gabatar a cikin 2015, kusan kashi 36% na yawan mutanen karkara a kasar Sin har yanzu ba su da damar inganta tsabtace jiki.[2] == Samun dama == Samun ruwa da tsaftacewa ya karu sosai a kasar Sin a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata tare da ci gaban tattalin arziki.Adadin mutanen da ba su da damar samun ruwa "akalla na asali" a cikin 2015 sun kai miliyan 63.Kalmar "akalla ruwa na asali" sabon lokaci ne tun 2016, kuma yana da alaƙa da "maɓallin ruwa mai inganci" da aka yi amfani da shi a baya. Regarding sanitation, progress has been slower and there are still 329 million people without access to "at least basic sanitation", in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China |url=https://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/china/summary/statistics/ |access-date=21 March 2017 |website=WASHWatch}}</ref> Between 1990 and 2008 alone more than 450 million Chinese gained access to an improved water source, based on estimates by the Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation of the [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] that are based on household survey data. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa ya kasance 89%, kuma samun damar inganta tsabtace muhalli ya kasance 55% a cikin 2008.Samun damar samun ingantaccen tushen ruwa, duk da haka, ba daidai ba ne da samun damar samun ruwa mai aminci.Da yawa daga cikin wadanda ke da damar samun isasshen ababen more rayuwa suna fama da rashin ingancin ruwa saboda gurɓataccen turare; matakan da ke faruwa na halitta na fluoride, arsenic, ko gishiri; da kuma gurɓatawar sinadarai na masana'antu da aikin gona.Bugu da ƙari, ƙarancin ruwa na yanayi yana faruwa. Kamar yadda yake a wasu kasashe masu tasowa, akwai gagarumin rata tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara.Misali, a cikin 2010, a cikin birane na kasar Sin, kashi 95% suna da damar samun ruwa mai bututu, yayin da rabon a yankunan karkara ya kai kashi 45% kawai. == Ingancin sabis == === Ruwa === A cewar Bankin Duniya kimanin kashi 13% na masu amfani da ruwa na birane suna karɓar ruwa a matsin lamba mara kyau.Bugu da ƙari, kashi 60% na biranen 661 na kasar Sin suna fuskantar karancin ruwa na yanayi, kuma birane sama da 100 suna da ƙuntatawa mai tsanani. Cutar ruwan sha daga turare matsala ce mai tsanani a kasar Sin, kamar yadda yake a wasu kasashe masu tasowa, wanda ke haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani kamar [[Gudawa/Zawo|zawo]] da cutar [[Ciwon Hanta|Hepatitis]].Binciken da [[UNICEF]] ta yi a shekarar 2010 a larduna 11 ya gano cewa sama da rabin dukkan samfurori na ruwan sha sun ƙunshi matakan ƙwayoyin cuta marasa kyau. A halin yanzu, kasar Sin tana fuskantar karancin ruwa saboda yanayi da saurin ci gaba.<ref name="Water Scarcity in China">{{Cite web |last=Hook, Leslie |date=May 14, 2013 |title=China: High and dry: Water shortages put a brake on economic growth |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7d6f69ea-bc73-11e2-b344-00144feab7de.html#axzz2TMae0Kjs |access-date=2013-05-15 |publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> A cikin 2013, China "a karo na farko ta ba da adadin ruwa ga kowane lardin, ta kafa manufofi don amfani da shekara-shekara ta 2015".<ref name="Water Scarcity in China" /> === Maganin ruwa mai guba === An kiyasta cewa a shekara ta 2006 akwai isasshen damar magance kashi 52% na ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2010, akwai masana'antun tsabtace ruwa na gari 1,519 a kasar Sin kuma ana kara shuke-shuke 18 a kowane mako. Ana fadada shuke-shuke da yawa da ke akwai kuma inganta su don haɗawa da matakin magani na uku don cire kayan abinci masu gina jiki don bin ƙa'idodin fitarwa da aka gabatar a cikin 2002.Dangane da fasahar, a cikin shekara ta 2007, fasahar da aka fi amfani da ita ita sune nau'o'i daban-daban na laka mai kunnawa, gami da ramin oxidation (24% na dukkan tsire-tsire), jerin batch reactors (11%), laka mai kunna jiki na al'ada (5%) da membrane bioreactors.A cikin ƙananan al'ummomi, tsire-tsire da ke amfani da magani na farko kawai har yanzu sun zama ruwan dare (15% na dukkan tsire-shuke). Wani bincike a cikin 2004 da Ma'aikatar Gine-gine ta nuna cewa, bisa ga bayanan masana'antar magani, yawancin tsire-tsire suna aiki ne bisa ga ƙa'idodin fitarwa. == Haɗin zuwa albarkatun ruwa == == Haɗin talauci, lafiya, da tsabta == Matsalolin kiwon lafiya da rashin ruwa mai aminci ya haifar sun kara tsanantawa saboda yanayin tsabta mara kyau, musamman a yankunan karkara na kasar Sin.A al'ada, gidajen kasar Sin suna tattara sharar mutum kuma suna jigilar shi zuwa filayen don amfani da shi azaman taki, sau da yawa ba tare da ƙarin magani ba.Latrines sun zama ruwan dare a yankunan karkara.Wasu ba su da kyau, ba a kare su daga kwari da sauran cututtukan cututtuka, yayin da wasu ba su da ƙanshi kuma ba su da kwari.Gidan wanka da ke yin alkawarin yawan lalacewar pathogen ya zama ruwan dare.Samun bayan gida na jama'a da na makaranta a yankunan karkara waɗanda suka cika ka'idodin tsabtace jiki ba su da yawa a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. Gwamnati ta yi ƙoƙari sosai don inganta kyawawan halaye masu alaƙa da kiwon lafiya.A mafi yawan yankunan karkara, cibiyar sadarwa ta ma'aikatan Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya na Kasa (NPHCC), wakilan Tarayyar Mata ta China, Kungiyar Matasan Kwaminisanci ta China, tashoshin rigakafin annoba na gida, da makarantu sun jagoranci kamfen ɗin ilimin kiwon lafiya da ke ƙarfafa halaye masu yawa na tsabta.Wannan aikin, haɗe da ƙimar karatu da rubutu (har ma a yankuna marasa kyau), ya haifar da yaduwar ilimin halayen kiwon lafiya na asali, kamar mahimmancin shan ruwan tafasa.Koyaya, ainihin canjin halayyar ya kasance mai jinkiri don bi, musamman a yankunan da ba su da kyau inda man fetur na iya zama kaɗan kuma fahimtar haɗin tsakanin ruwa ko hannayensu marasa wankewa da [[Gudawa/Zawo|zawo]] ba shi da ƙarfi.Don haka, matsalar ta fi ɗaya daga cikin tasirin sakonnin kiwon lafiya fiye da yaduwar su: A ƙarshen shekarun 1990s, ilimin kiwon lafiya a yawancin yankunan karkara ya ba da cikakken bayani don haɗa halayyar tsabta zuwa ingantaccen kiwon lafiya, kuma yawancin larduna har yanzu ba su da horo na ilimi na kiwon lafiya na musamman.A sakamakon haka, akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa tsakanin yankunan karkara masu talauci da masu arziki, tsakanin da kuma cikin larduna a kasar Sin.Duk da yake yankunan karkara masu arziki da matsakaicin kudin shiga sun sami fa'idodi masu yawa da suka shafi kiwon lafiya sakamakon ingantaccen samar da ruwa da tsabta, yankunan da suka fi talauci da ke da iyakantaccen albarkatun har yanzu ba su sami irin wannan fa'idori ba.<ref name="WB Rural" /> A cikin gundumar [[Gasar Minqin|Minqin]], Inner Mongolia, "10,000 mutane sun bar yankin kuma sun zama ''shengtai yimin'', "baƙi na muhalli". <ref name="Water Scarcity in China" /> == Hakki na samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa == Hakki na samar da ruwa da manufofin tsabta a matakin kasa ana raba shi tsakanin ma'aikatu biyar.Gwamnatocin larduna suna taka rawar gani a bangaren ruwa, suna ba da wasu takamaiman kudade don samar da ruwa a yankunan karkara.Karamar hukuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa, tana ba da gudummawa mai yawa na kudade da mallakar kamfanonin samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli waɗanda sune manyan masu ba da sabis a cikin birane.A cikin ƙananan garuruwa, karamar hukuma wani lokacin tana ba da sabis kai tsaye.Kwamitocin ƙauyuka suna gudanar da tsarin ruwa a yankunan karkara. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}} A wani bangare mai yawa, an gaji tsarin ma'aikata na bangaren daga lokacin tattalin arzikin da aka tsara kafin 1978.Akwai rikice-rikice a cikin alhakin tsakanin cibiyoyin gwamnati a matakin tsakiya da na gida, da kuma tsakanin ma'aikatu daban-daban.Har ila yau, babu cikakkun ma'anoni game da waɗanne kalmomin kamar "suna kulawa" da "management" waɗanda aka ambata a cikin dokar, don haka "sau da yawa sassan da ke kula da su ba za su iya faɗar bambance-bambance da kansu ba".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Deng |first=Yixiang |last2=Brombal |first2=Daniele |last3=Farah |first3=Paolo Davide |last4=Moriggi |first4=Angela |last5=Critto |first5=Andrea |last6=Zhou |first6=Yun |last7=Marcomini |first7=Antonio |year=2016 |title=China's Water Environmental Management Towards Institutional Integration. A Review of Current Progress and Constraints vis-a-vis the European Experience |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=113 |pages=285–298 |bibcode=2016JCPro.113..285D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.022 |s2cid=153290980 |ssrn=2700386}}</ref> === Manufofin da tsarin shari'a === Gwamnatin ƙasa ba ta da takardar manufofi guda ɗaya don samar da ruwa da tsabta.Manyan dokoki guda biyu a bangaren ruwa suna da alaƙa da kula da albarkatun ruwa: Dokar Ruwa ta 2002 da Dokar Rigakafin Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa da Kulawa ta 1984. Tsarin doka don samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa a matakin kasa ya ƙunshi dokokin sakandare, wanda tsarin samar da ruwa na birane na 1994, matakan gudanarwa na 1996 don kula da tsabta na ruwan sha da kuma ka'idojin tsabta na 2006 don ruwan sha suna daga cikin mafi mahimmancin.An haɗa shi da ka'idojin gida da yawa da matakan gudanarwa. ==== Ruwa da tsaftacewa ==== Manufar gwamnati ce ta dawo da farashi don samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa ta hanyar kudaden masu amfani, kuma farashin ruwa ya kamata ya zama mai yawa. Ma'aikatar Gidaje da Ci gaban Karkara (har zuwa 2008 Ma'aikatu ta Gine-gine) tana kula da kudade don ruwa da kayan aikin tsabtace ''birane'' da kuma manufofi game da tsara ruwa da kayan aiki na tsabtace tsabta.Wasu muhimman takardun manufofi da ya bayar sune "Hotuna Kasuwancin Amfani da Jama'a" (No.272 Manufofin Takardar MOC, 2002), "Mataki kan Gudanar da Amfani da Amfani na Jama'a " (No.126 Manufofin Takaddamar MOC, 2004), da kuma "Ra'ayoyi kan Karfafa Tsarin Amfani da Gwamnati" (No .154 Manufofin Takardun MOC, 2005).Koyaya, babu wata doka game da ka'idojin kayan aikin jama'a ko shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a cikin ɓangaren. Ma'aikatar Lafiya tana da halaye da suka shafi inganta samar da ruwa da tsabtace yankunan karkara. ==== Manazarta ==== [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tfxoxl7zhr9tjnzbrkpjyjydut4i0wl 3 180527 975355 2026-11-02T21:23:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975355 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Pokire! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Pokire|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 3pskp7nsuxgrk4w9yajbj3yddd2qy3i 3 180528 975356 2026-11-02T21:23:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975356 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Habibu Garba Chula! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Habibu Garba Chula|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 4c2d16g4yqfhdrwodm3zqsmrgjhllhn 3 180529 975357 2026-11-02T21:23:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975357 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ahfirma! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ahfirma|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) afdyvurou9ek2dr4hblbq9pqthz4qtg 3 180530 975358 2026-11-02T21:23:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975358 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Michelle21112013! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Michelle21112013|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) exue1ossy88au250hsnb7bot3clehlq 3 180531 975359 2026-11-02T21:23:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975359 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Gingercat93! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Gingercat93|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 1cj994644vwe9iqkxpt994do5zl10xl 3 180532 975360 2026-11-02T21:24:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975360 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Freedom4U! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Freedom4U|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) pn1wljv2kxjaood9onejurzuabanzf0 3 180533 975361 2026-11-02T21:24:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975361 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TitanFella3004! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TitanFella3004|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 8d4calzty6rqdll0wrl0l7evoijow46 3 180534 975362 2026-11-02T21:24:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975362 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abdussalam Sha Ambato! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abdussalam Sha Ambato|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 5jw76235ifkmavoxcfeoid29p8cavan 3 180535 975363 2026-11-02T21:24:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975363 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kamara653! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kamara653|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 0n0m7wz6d1vcoo4h7nssgg1tsdfruzd 3 180536 975364 2026-11-02T21:24:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975364 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dinitrify! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dinitrify|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 1z0sobksamx71xlc3lkg1mozodxsp9l 3 180537 975365 2026-11-02T21:24:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975365 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bobmcgee1993! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bobmcgee1993|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) pci8dxz5sn7xua7sds4c06v6safsalw 3 180538 975366 2026-11-02T21:25:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975366 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Matsuhata! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Matsuhata|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) el7zf3s9pytynqw3zbdnmtglhp1t312 3 180539 975367 2026-11-02T21:25:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975367 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 142857! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/142857|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) da7ym36tshkiyg04ikkpvmhjfm0oyev 3 180540 975368 2026-11-02T21:25:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975368 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Omar Hammad 85! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Omar Hammad 85|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) d2hhd145rpz92c9ux7k8rc2b9tr5d7c 975382 975368 2026-11-02T21:56:25Z Omar Hammad 85 50683 /* Barka da zuwa! */ Mayarwa 975382 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Omar Hammad 85! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Omar Hammad 85|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) :I would like further clarification regarding this request—specifically, why I was chosen, and what is expected of me. [[User:Omar Hammad 85|Omar Hammad 85]] ([[User talk:Omar Hammad 85|talk]]) 21:56, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) megwutn4x1qj0f6pr9dzj7tmi25ci3n 3 180541 975369 2026-11-02T21:25:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975369 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jamila mohh! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jamila mohh|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) t6savu8j3a0ac4t0o9aexaf4mleldid 3 180542 975370 2026-11-02T21:25:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975370 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hnorr! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hnorr|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 9pprov9nei66uum2zhrnhyf56vrbuhl 3 180543 975371 2026-11-02T21:25:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975371 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yrmyen! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yrmyen|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 4mu39ut3476oguweeh50jb3gcr3g3ii 3 180544 975372 2026-11-02T21:26:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975372 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mediagirl9ja! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mediagirl9ja|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 4tpwowkv1kh74g6o0gscmucoube4rk8 3 180545 975373 2026-11-02T21:26:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975373 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Markerpen1102! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Markerpen1102|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) qysnfoqdxhm2k9or1sw7k7ou34v0zbx 3 180546 975374 2026-11-02T21:26:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975374 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ayinde0023! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ayinde0023|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) qca4vh9hcd9ys0tm6yqbyr07yey10uq 3 180547 975375 2026-11-02T21:26:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975375 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Marion Moseby! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Marion Moseby|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) jvqrlq84q4tlv0kb38um6i6tljm5j58 3 180548 975376 2026-11-02T21:26:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975376 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tttpboff! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tttpboff|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) efn290zxm0yfhx7hkyfjx802mjlh8q2 3 180549 975377 2026-11-02T21:26:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975377 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Taty2007! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Taty2007|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) b8q6qo8jv6mktu0ag5j1sy76vku57w2 3 180550 975378 2026-11-02T21:27:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975378 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mama mai mqciji! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mama mai mqciji|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 60peo57mr3iofuw0my96ixnjgarcqqd 3 180551 975379 2026-11-02T21:27:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975379 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Lovkal! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Lovkal|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) k4a0as4kwcbrczb63kvj8kn4ux4d80s 0 180552 975385 2026-11-02T22:00:57Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372202449|Ritesh Batra]]" 975385 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ritesh Batra''' (an haife shi 12 Yuni 1979) shi ne darektan fina-finai na Indiya kuma marubucin allo.Fim din farko na harshen Hindi na Batra The Lunchbox ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na 2013 kuma ya lashe Rail d'Or (Grand Golden Rail).Batra ta kuma lashe lambar yabo ta Toronto Film Critics Association don Mafi kyawun Fim na Farko a shekarar 2014.Lunchbox shine Fim din kasashen waje mafi girma a Arewacin Amurka, Turai da Ostiraliya na shekarar 2014 wanda ya kai sama da dala miliyan 25.An kuma zabi fim din don kyautar BAFTA don Mafi kyawun Fim Ba a cikin Harshen Turanci a cikin 2015. Daga nan sai ya ba da umarnin fim din harshen Ingilishi The Sense of an Ending (2017), wanda ya dace da littafin Julian Barnes' Booker Prize-winning.2017 kuma ya ga sakin Batra's Our Souls at Night a kan [[Netflix]].Fim din Batra na baya-bayan nan shine Photograph, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2019. == Rayuwa ta farko da asali == Ritesh ya girma ne a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Mumbai, Indiya.Mahaifinsa Joginder Batra, ya yi aiki a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Indiya kuma mahaifiyarsa Manju Kapoor Batra, matar gida ce.Babbar 'yar uwarsa Radhika Batra Shah tana gudanar da kasuwancin shayi.[1] Ritesh ya kammala makarantar sakandare daga AVM High School a Mumbai sannan daga baya ya tafi Amurka don kammala karatunsa mafi girma.Ritesh ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Deloitte bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Drake, Iowa a fannin Tattalin Arziki.Amma bayan shekaru uku na aiki ya koma makaranta don bin burinsa na yin fim tun yana yaro.Ya halarci Jami'ar New York amma ya fita daga makarantar fim. == Ayyuka == Batra ya fara aikin fim dinsa ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce da jagorantar gajerun fina-finai.Shirinsa na harshen Larabci Café Regular, Alkahira, ya nuna a bukukuwan fina-finai na kasa da kasa sama da 40 kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka sama da 12 ciki har da Critics Prize (FIPRESCI) Mafi Kyawun Fim a Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa Oberhausen da Mafi Kyawun Film a German Star of India .Batra ya kasance wani ɓangare na dakin gwaje-gwaje na Sundance Screenwriters da Directors tare da aikinsa "Story of Ram" a cikin 2009.Daga baya aka sanya shi Time Warner Story Telling Fellow a bikin fina-finai na Sundance da Annenberg Fellow a Kwalejin fina-fakka ta Sundance .A cikin 2011 Batra ya koma Indiya don yin fim game da tsarin isar da akwatin abincin rana a Mumbai.Wannan kamfani ne na Batra wanda ya tsara fim dinsa na farko The Lunchbox (2013).Ya haɓaka wannan aikin ta hanyar shirin TorinoFilmLab Framework a cikin 2012. An fara Lunchbox a Cannes Critics Week 2013 kuma ya lashe Rail d'Or (Grand Golden Rail).A Cannes fim din ya haifar da yakin neman zabe.Sony Pictures Classic ta sami haƙƙin Arewacin Amurka ga fim ɗin.An zabi Lunchbox don Kyaututtuka 33 kuma ya lashe 25 zuwa yanzu.A cikin 2014, Batra ya kafa kamfaninsa na samar da fina-finai na PoeticLicense Motion Pictures kuma a halin yanzu yana haɓaka jerin fina-fakka. == Hotunan fina-finai == '''Gajeren fim''' * Ritual na safe (2008) * ''Tashar jirgin kasa ta Nawaz'' (2010) * Cafe na yau da kullun Alkahira (2011) * ''Jagora'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-02 |title=Ritesh Batra uninterrupted, reveals future projects - Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Ritesh-Batra-uninterrupted-reveals-future-projects/articleshow/23394663.cms |access-date=2017-03-29 |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> (2013) '''Fim mai ban sha'awa''' * Akwatin abincin rana (2013) * ''Ma'anar Ƙarshen'' (2017) * ''Rayukanmu da Dare'' (2017) * ''Hoton'' (2019) == Kyaututtuka == * Time Warner Storytelling Fellow - Bikin Fim na Sundance * Annenberg Fellow - Cibiyar Fim ta Sundance Akwatin abincin rana, 2013 * (An zabi) "Fim din ba a cikin harshen Ingilishi ba" - BAFTA 2015 * Rail d'Or (Grand Golden Rail) - Bikin Fim na Cannes * Mafi Kyawun Farko - Kyautar Kungiyar Masu Fim ta Toronto * Kyautar Darakta mafi kyau - Bikin Fim na Duniya na Odesa * Kyautar Ikilisiyar Iceland - Bikin Fim na Duniya na Reykjavik * Mafi kyawun Hoton - 7th Asia Pacific Screen Awards * Mafi kyawun Fim - Kwalejin Fim ta Asiya * Mafi kyawun Fim - Bikin Fim na Asiya Pacific * Kyautar Babban Kyautar Juri - Kyautar Allon Asiya ta 7Kyautar Fitowar Asiya ta Pacific * Mafi kyawun Hoton - 7th Asia Pacific Screen AwardsKyautar Fitowar Asiya ta Pacific * Muhr AsiyaAfrica Musamman Mention - Bikin Fim na Duniya na Dubai * Fim mafi kyau - Bikin Fim na Amazonas, Brazil * Kyautar Masu sauraro ta Canvas - Bikin Fim na Duniya na Ghent, Belgium * Kyautar Masu sauraro - Cinema na Duniya Amsterdam * Darakta mafi kyau - Bikin Duniya Matasa Masu Fim na Saint-Jean-de-Luz * Kyautar Masu sauraro - Bikin Fim na Belfast, Burtaniya * Mafi kyawun Fim - Zagreb Golden Pram Award Cafe Regular Alkahira, 2011 * Kyautar masu sukar (FIPRESCI) Fim mafi kyau - Bikin Fim na Duniya Oberhausen * Magana ta Musamman - Bikin Fim na Tribeca * Magana ta Musamman - Bikin Fim na Duniya na Chicago * Mafi kyawun gajeren fim - The Warp * Mafi kyawun gajeren fim - Tauraron Jamus na Indiya * Clipagem Trophy - Kinoforum - Brazil ; Daraja * Babban baƙo a 8th Filmsaaz inda aka ba shi memba na rayuwa na babbar kungiyar fina-finai ta Jami'ar, Jami'ar Musulmi ta Aligarh . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-23 |title=LUNCHBOX director Ritesh's next will again be Mumbai based! |url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/news/15/mar/news-lunchbox-director-riteshs-next-will-again-be-mumbai-based.asp |access-date=2017-03-29 |publisher=glamsham.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Acclaimed film personalites attended AMU's eighth Annual International Film Festival |url=http://indiaeducationdiary.in/showEE.asp?newsid=34057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715201345/http://www.indiaeducationdiary.in/Showee.asp?newsid=34057 |archive-date=15 July 2015 |access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Aligarh Muslim University &#124;&#124; AMU News |url=http://www.amu.ac.in/about3.jsp?did=7978 |access-date=2017-03-29 |publisher=Amu.ac.in}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9ku0amz7uws4m45moalldd6y1hwplge 975386 975385 2026-11-02T22:02:29Z Salma Raddah 45959 975386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ritesh Batra''' (an haife shi 12 Yuni 1979) shi ne darektan fina-finai na Indiya kuma marubucin allo.Fim din farko na harshen Hindi na Batra The Lunchbox ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na 2013 kuma ya lashe Rail d'Or (Grand Golden Rail).Batra ta kuma lashe lambar yabo ta Toronto Film Critics Association don Mafi kyawun Fim na Farko a shekarar 2014.Lunchbox shine Fim din kasashen waje mafi girma a Arewacin Amurka, Turai da Ostiraliya na shekarar 2014 wanda ya kai sama da dala miliyan 25.An kuma zabi fim din don kyautar BAFTA don Mafi kyawun Fim Ba a cikin Harshen Turanci a cikin 2015. Daga nan sai ya ba da umarnin fim din harshen Ingilishi The Sense of an Ending (2017), wanda ya dace da littafin Julian Barnes' Booker Prize-winning.2017 kuma ya ga sakin Batra's Our Souls at Night a kan [[Netflix]].Fim din Batra na baya-bayan nan shine Photograph, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2019. == Rayuwa ta farko da asali == Ritesh ya girma ne a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Mumbai, Indiya.Mahaifinsa Joginder Batra, ya yi aiki a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Indiya kuma mahaifiyarsa Manju Kapoor Batra, matar gida ce.Babbar 'yar uwarsa Radhika Batra Shah tana gudanar da kasuwancin shayi.[1] Ritesh ya kammala makarantar sakandare daga AVM High School a Mumbai sannan daga baya ya tafi Amurka don kammala karatunsa mafi girma.Ritesh ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Deloitte bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Drake, Iowa a fannin Tattalin Arziki.Amma bayan shekaru uku na aiki ya koma makaranta don bin burinsa na yin fim tun yana yaro.Ya halarci Jami'ar New York amma ya fita daga makarantar fim. == Ayyuka == Batra ya fara aikin fim dinsa ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce da jagorantar gajerun fina-finai.Shirinsa na harshen Larabci Café Regular, Alkahira, ya nuna a bukukuwan fina-finai na kasa da kasa sama da 40 kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka sama da 12 ciki har da Critics Prize (FIPRESCI) Mafi Kyawun Fim a Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa Oberhausen da Mafi Kyawun Film a German Star of India .Batra ya kasance wani ɓangare na dakin gwaje-gwaje na Sundance Screenwriters da Directors tare da aikinsa "Story of Ram" a cikin 2009.Daga baya aka sanya shi Time Warner Story Telling Fellow a bikin fina-finai na Sundance da Annenberg Fellow a Kwalejin fina-fakka ta Sundance .A cikin 2011 Batra ya koma Indiya don yin fim game da tsarin isar da akwatin abincin rana a Mumbai.Wannan kamfani ne na Batra wanda ya tsara fim dinsa na farko The Lunchbox (2013).Ya haɓaka wannan aikin ta hanyar shirin TorinoFilmLab Framework a cikin 2012. An fara Lunchbox a Cannes Critics Week 2013 kuma ya lashe Rail d'Or (Grand Golden Rail).A Cannes fim din ya haifar da yakin neman zabe.Sony Pictures Classic ta sami haƙƙin Arewacin Amurka ga fim ɗin.An zabi Lunchbox don Kyaututtuka 33 kuma ya lashe 25 zuwa yanzu.A cikin 2014, Batra ya kafa kamfaninsa na samar da fina-finai na PoeticLicense Motion Pictures kuma a halin yanzu yana haɓaka jerin fina-fakka. == Hotunan fina-finai == '''Gajeren fim''' * Ritual na safe (2008) * ''Tashar jirgin kasa ta Nawaz'' (2010) * Cafe na yau da kullun Alkahira (2011) * ''Jagora'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-02 |title=Ritesh Batra uninterrupted, reveals future projects - Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Ritesh-Batra-uninterrupted-reveals-future-projects/articleshow/23394663.cms |access-date=2017-03-29 |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> (2013) '''Fim mai ban sha'awa''' * Akwatin abincin rana (2013) * ''Ma'anar Ƙarshen'' (2017) * ''Rayukanmu da Dare'' (2017) * ''Hoton'' (2019) == Kyaututtuka == * Time Warner Storytelling Fellow - Bikin Fim na Sundance * Annenberg Fellow - Cibiyar Fim ta Sundance Akwatin abincin rana, 2013 * (An zabi) "Fim din ba a cikin harshen Ingilishi ba" - BAFTA 2015 * Rail d'Or (Grand Golden Rail) - Bikin Fim na Cannes * Mafi Kyawun Farko - Kyautar Kungiyar Masu Fim ta Toronto * Kyautar Darakta mafi kyau - Bikin Fim na Duniya na Odesa * Kyautar Ikilisiyar Iceland - Bikin Fim na Duniya na Reykjavik * Mafi kyawun Hoton - 7th Asia Pacific Screen Awards * Mafi kyawun Fim - Kwalejin Fim ta Asiya * Mafi kyawun Fim - Bikin Fim na Asiya Pacific * Kyautar Babban Kyautar Juri - Kyautar Allon Asiya ta 7Kyautar Fitowar Asiya ta Pacific * Mafi kyawun Hoton - 7th Asia Pacific Screen AwardsKyautar Fitowar Asiya ta Pacific * Muhr AsiyaAfrica Musamman Mention - Bikin Fim na Duniya na Dubai * Fim mafi kyau - Bikin Fim na Amazonas, Brazil * Kyautar Masu sauraro ta Canvas - Bikin Fim na Duniya na Ghent, Belgium * Kyautar Masu sauraro - Cinema na Duniya Amsterdam * Darakta mafi kyau - Bikin Duniya Matasa Masu Fim na Saint-Jean-de-Luz * Kyautar Masu sauraro - Bikin Fim na Belfast, Burtaniya * Mafi kyawun Fim - Zagreb Golden Pram Award Cafe Regular Alkahira, 2011 * Kyautar masu sukar (FIPRESCI) Fim mafi kyau - Bikin Fim na Duniya Oberhausen * Magana ta Musamman - Bikin Fim na Tribeca * Magana ta Musamman - Bikin Fim na Duniya na Chicago * Mafi kyawun gajeren fim - The Warp * Mafi kyawun gajeren fim - Tauraron Jamus na Indiya * Clipagem Trophy - Kinoforum - Brazil ; Daraja * Babban baƙo a 8th Filmsaaz inda aka ba shi memba na rayuwa na babbar kungiyar fina-finai ta Jami'ar, Jami'ar Musulmi ta Aligarh . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-23 |title=LUNCHBOX director Ritesh's next will again be Mumbai based! |url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/news/15/mar/news-lunchbox-director-riteshs-next-will-again-be-mumbai-based.asp |access-date=2017-03-29 |publisher=glamsham.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Acclaimed film personalites attended AMU's eighth Annual International Film Festival |url=http://indiaeducationdiary.in/showEE.asp?newsid=34057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715201345/http://www.indiaeducationdiary.in/Showee.asp?newsid=34057 |archive-date=15 July 2015 |access-date=2015-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Aligarh Muslim University &#124;&#124; AMU News |url=http://www.amu.ac.in/about3.jsp?did=7978 |access-date=2017-03-29 |publisher=Amu.ac.in}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hxevd2fvnros7ot2dmq2xyf1sc54iej 0 180553 975387 2026-11-02T22:07:29Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1383103153|Indigenous People of Biafra]]" 975387 wikitext text/x-wiki The Indigenous People of Biafra ('''IPOB''') kungiya ce mai rabuwa a [[Najeriya]] wacce ke da niyyar dawo da tsohuwar [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], wacce ta rabu da Najeriya a shekarar 1967 kafin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] kuma an rushe ta bayan da aka ci ta a shekarar 1970. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Allison |first=Simon |date=6 October 2017 |title=Mystery of the missing Biafran separatist |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-10-06-00-mystery-of-the-missing-biafran-separatist-1/ |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=The M&G Online |language=en}}</ref> Tun daga 2021, IPOB da sauran kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye na Biafra suna fama da rikice-rikicen' yan tawaye a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya da [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]].[[Nnamdi Kanu]], wanda ya kasance shugabansu, da Uche Mefor, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugabansu ne suka kafa kungiyar a shekarar 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leavitt |first=Jericho |date=2023-11-08 |title=Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) |url=https://www.moderninsurgent.org/post/indigenous-people-of-biafra |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=The Modern Insurgent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwonwu |first=Chiagozie |date=2023-01-09 |title=Biafra quest fuels Nigeria conflict: Too scared to marry and bury bodies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64110852?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA).Could |access-date=2023-01-31}}</ref> Kanu ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne na Burtaniya wanda aka sani da goyon bayansa ga ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Biafra ta zamani. Gwamnatin Najeriya ta ayyana IPOB a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci a shekarar 2017 a karkashin Dokar Ta'addanci ta Najeriya.Koyaya, Babban Kotun da ke zaune a Enugu ta soke sanarwar a cikin 2023. Sashe na Abuja na Kotun daukaka kara ya amince da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ta gwamnatin tarayya ta 2017 ta IPOB a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Appeal Court upholds IPOB proscription as terrorist group |url=https://freshnews.ng/appeal-court-upholds-ipob-proscription-as-terrorist-group/ |website=FreshNews.NG}}</ref> Ya zuwa Mayu 2022, [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] ta hana mafaka ga membobin IPOB da ake zargi da cin zarafin bil'adama, kodayake gwamnatin Burtaniya ta bayyana cewa ba a sanya IPOB a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci a Burtaniya ba. IPOB ta zargi gwamnatin tarayya ta Najeriya da saka hannun jari mara kyau, warewar siyasa, rarraba albarkatun da ba daidai ba, warewar kabilanci, kasancewar sojoji mai tsanani, da kashe-kashen da ba a cikin kudu maso gabas, kudu maso tsakiya, da sassa na arewa maso tsakiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Krista Mahr |last2=Oluwatosin Adeshokan |date=30 April 2019 |title=The dream of Biafra lives on in underground Nigerian radio broadcasts |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/africa/la-fg-nigeria-war-legacy-20190430-story.html |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Conor Gaffey">{{Cite web |last=Conor Gaffey |date=2015-12-07 |title=What is Biafra and Why are Some Nigerians Calling for Independence? |url=https://www.newsweek.com/what-biafra-and-why-are-some-nigerians-calling-independence-401164 |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Newsweek |language=en-US}}</ref> IPOB ta tashi zuwa shahararriya a tsakiyar shekarun 2010 kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin babbar kungiyar 'yancin kai ta Biafra ta hanyar membobin.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ta sami hankalin kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin abin da aka saba yi wa rikice-rikicen siyasa da gwamnatin Najeriya ke yi.Yana da shafukan yanar gizo da yawa da tashoshin sadarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Nigeria: At least 150 peaceful pro-Biafra activists killed in chilling crackdown |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/11/peaceful-pro-biafra-activists-killed-in-chilling-crackdown/ |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=Amnesty International}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Biyafara|Biafra]] ta kasance jamhuriya ce da aka amince da ita, mai kabilanci da yawa tare da yawan jama'ar [[Inyamurai|Ibo]].Lieutenant Colonel [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ne ya kafa shi a shekarar 1967 kuma ya rushe shi a shekarar 1970.Biafra ta yi yaƙi da gwamnatin Najeriya a [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] kan yunkurin rabuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |title=Biafra: Secessionist State, Nigeria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra}}</ref> An kiyasta mutuwar mutane miliyan 1 zuwa miliyan 3.5, tare da mutuwar fararen hula da yawa na Biafra da yunwa ta haifar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What's in a Name? For the Nigerian Civil War, Everything |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/whats-name-nigerian-civil-war-everything |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Sojojin Biafra sun mika wuya a shekarar 1970 biyo bayan armistice da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka ta shirya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akuchu |first=Gemuh E. |year=1977 |title=Peaceful Settlement of Disputes: Unsolved Problem for the OAU (A Case Study of the Nigeria-Biafra Conflict) |journal=Africa Today |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=39–58 |jstor=4185729}}</ref> An kafa Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) a cikin 1999 ta hanyar jagoran kasa Ralph Uwazuruike, kuma ya fara samun kulawa a farkon 2000s.Koyaya, ƙungiyar ta raunana ta hanyar zargin zalunci na jihar da rashin jituwa na ciki game da jagoranci.MASSOB ta zargi Uwazuruike da haɗa kansa da "babban siyasar Najeriya" maimakon ci gaba da manufar Biafra.[1] Wadannan rikice-rikice sun ba da gudummawa ga kafa wani bangare, Biafra Zionist Movement (BZM), wanda ya sami kulawa.Shugaba na BZM Benjamin Igwe Onwuka da yawancin mambobin kungiyar an kama su ne saboda cin amana daga gwamnatin Najeriya a wani taro a Enugu a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2012.Ayyukan BZM sun ragu saboda kamawa da gwaji na manyan mambobin kungiyar.Dukkanin kungiyoyin da ke goyon bayan Biafran sun taimaka wajen saita mataki don tasowa na IPOB, wanda ya ci gaba da ba da shawara ga irin waɗannan dalilai.[2][3] == Jagora == Shugaban 'yan asalin Biafra shine [[Nnamdi Kanu]], ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya da Najeriya.Ya kirkiro IPOB bayan ya zama sananne ga watsa shirye-shiryensa a [[Radio Biafra|Rediyon Biafra]], wanda aka kafa a cikin 2009.Tashar rediyo ta London ta watsa sakonnin da ke kira ga "yancin Biafrans" kuma ta soki cin hanci da rashawa a gwamnatin Najeriya.Rediyon Biafra ya taimaka wajen bunkasa martabar jama'a ta Kanu, kamar yadda a baya ba a san shi sosai ba. Sojojin tsaro na Najeriya sun kama Kanu a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2015, kan zargin "tawaye, tayar da kayar baya da cin amana".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=IBEANU, ORJI, IWUAMADI |first=OKECHUKWU, NKWACHUKWU, CHIJIOKE |date=2016 |title=Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies |journal=Institute for Innovations in Development |pages=1–71 |via=Research Gate}}</ref>Kanu ya bar Najeriya a shekarar 2017 yayin da yake kan beli, amma an sake kama shi a watan Yunin 2021 kuma an dawo da shi Najeriya.<ref name="cnn.com">{{Cite web |last=Nimi Princewill |last2=Stephanie Busari |date=2021-06-29 |title=Nigerian separatist leader brought back to Nigeria to face trial |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/nnamdi-kanu-arrested-nigeria-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Bayan kama Kanu na biyu a watan Yunin 2021, ya nada [[Simon Ekpa]] a matsayin babban mai watsa shirye-shiryen Rediyo Biafra kuma mai magana da yawun IPOB har sai an sake shi.<ref name="cnn.com" /> Ekpa daga baya ya yi jayayya da ci gaba da jagorancin Kanu na motsi yayin da aka daure Kanu. A ƙarshen 2022, wasu shugabannin IPOB, gami da kafofin watsa labarai da sakataren talla Emma Powerful, sun yi tir da Ekpa a fili. == Aikin == A cewar 'yan asalin Biafra Amurka, manufar IPOB ita ce "maido da' yancin kai kafin mulkin mallaka da kuma mulkin mallaka wanda muka ayyana kafin kisan kare dangi na Biafra".Kungiyar ta bayyana cewa tana neman bayyana manufofinta, dokoki, ka'idoji, da dabi'u, kuma "ba ta neman wani matsakaicin tushe".[s]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story - Indigenous People of Biafra |url=https://www.ipobinusa.org/ourstory |access-date=3 July 2025 |website=Indigenous People of Biafra USA}}</ref> == zanga-zangar == [[File:Free_Nnamdi_Kanu_-_Biafran_separatist_leader_imprisoned_in_Nigeria._(25346464822).jpg|thumb|IPOB ta nuna rashin amincewa da neman a saki [[Nnamdi Kanu]]]] Bayan kama Nnamdi Kanu da Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Gwamnati ta Najeriya ta yi a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2015, masu zanga-zangar goyon bayan Biafran sun gudanar da zanga-zanga a gabashin Najeriya suna neman a sake shi.An kama shi da karuwar tarurruka tsakanin magoya bayan IPOB. A ranar 2 ga Disamba 2015, an kashe masu zanga-zangar tara da jami'an 'yan sanda biyu bayan masu zanga-zanga da' yan sanda sun yi rikici a Onitsha, Jihar Anambra. Tun daga wannan lokacin, 'yan sanda sun kashe masu zanga-zangar a Aba, Onitsha, Enugu, da Umuahia. Bayan an fitar da Nnamdi Kanu daga Kenya, IPOB ta yi kira ga magoya bayan Biafran da su kiyaye zanga-zangar "zauna gida", da kuma kwanakin da Kanu ya bayyana a kotu. A ranar 21 ga watan Yulin 2023, Kanu ya soke umarnin zama a gida ta hanyar lauyansa da kuma sakataren yada labarai da talla na IPOB, Emma Powerful . Some IPOB supporters cited the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump|President Donald Trump]] and the United Kingdom's vote to leave the [[Tarayyar Turai|European Union]] as indications of international support for self-determination. IPOB figures argued that support for Biafran secession could align with United States economic interests because of instability affecting oil production in the [[Neja Delta|Niger Delta]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Conor Gaffey |date=2016-11-10 |title=In Nigeria, secessionists are celebrating Donald Trump's election |url=https://www.newsweek.com/nigeria-biafra-separatists-are-celebrating-donald-trumps-election-519550 |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Newsweek |language=en-US}}</ref> However, Trump has made no public statement in support of Biafran self-determination.{{When|date=August 2025}} Masu zanga-zangar sun yi kira da a saki Nnamdi Kanu da sauran masu fafutuka na Biafra da aka daure.Sun kuma yi kira ga gwamnati da ta sanya ranar raba gardama ta 'yancin kai.Nnabuike Nnadede, editan kamfanin dillancin labarai na Biafra, ya bayyana cewa mutanen Igbo sun sha wahala daga rashin albarkatu da saka hannun jari daga gwamnatin Najeriya.Masu zanga-zangar sun ce suna son damar yin zabe don samun 'yancin kai.<ref name="Conor Gaffey" /> == Amsawar jihar da magani == A ranar 18 ga Satumba 2017, Babban Kotun Tarayya a Abuja ta ayyana IPOB a matsayin isation. IPOB ta kalubalanci wannan haramcin a cikin 2018 kuma ta nemi juyar da hukuncin kotun. A cikin 2023, Babban Kotun da ke zaune a Jihar Enugu ta ayyana haramcin ba bisa ka'ida ba, ta soke shi, kuma ta ba da kyautar naira biliyan 8 na Najeriya a cikin lalacewa. An zargi jihar Najeriya da yin amfani da karfi mai yawa a kan ƙungiyoyin da ke goyon bayan Biafran.An yi zargin tashin hankali na 'yan sanda tun daga shekara ta 2014, da farko da aka yi niyya da MASSOB sannan IPOB bayan an kafa ta.<ref name=":1" /> A shekara ta 2008, MASSOB ta yi iƙirarin cewa jihar ta kashe 2,020 daga cikin mambobinta ba tare da shari'a ba.[[Amnesty International]] ta fitar da wani rahoto da ke ba da cikakken bayani cewa an kashe masu zanga-zangar IPOB da yawa a ranar 29 da 30 ga Mayu 2016 yayin wani aiki na gwamnati don hana mambobin IPOB daga tafiya daga filin shakatawa na Nkpor zuwa wani taro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Killing of unarmed pro-Biafra supporters by military must be urgently investigated |url=https://www.amnesty.nl/actueel/nigeria-killing-of-unarmed-pro-biafra-supporters-by-military-must-be-urgently-investigated |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Amnesty International |language=nl}}</ref> Sojojin Najeriya sun ce sun yi aiki ne don kare kansu kuma adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai biyar maimakon hamsin.Gwamnatin Najeriya ba ta bincika wadannan kashe-kashen ba, duk da cewa Amnesty International ta bukaci yin hakan. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke sa ido kan kisan gillar da ba a yi la'akari da shi ba a Biafra sun yi iƙirarin cewa daga watan Agustan 2015 zuwa Fabrairun 2016, an kashe fararen hula 170 marasa makami, kuma an kama 400, an tuhume su ko kuma an tsare su ba tare da an yi musu shari'a ba. == Shari'ar Kanu da tsare ta == Shugaban IPOB Nnamdi Kanu ya kasa bayyana a kotu bayan 25 ga Afrilu 2017 don amsa tuhumar da gwamnatin tarayya ta kawo.A baya an tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba sama da shekara guda kuma an gurfanar da shi a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2016 kan zargin makircin aikata laifuka, kasancewa memba na kungiyar ba bisa ka'ida ba, da tsoratarwa. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2017, shugabannin kungiyar Ibo ta Duniya sun bukaci a saki Kanu, suna mai nuna damuwa game da shari'a cewa Kanu yana buƙatar kulawar likita da ba a samu a kurkuku ba.Daga baya aka ba Kanu beli, tare da yanayin da ya hana shi yin hira, ganawa da mutane sama da goma, da shirya da halartar tarurruka ko ayyukan zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-23 |title=Release of Leader Re-Awakens Calls for Biafran Secession in Nigeria |url=https://thisisafrica.me/release-leader-re-awakens-calls-biafran-secession-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428035709/https://thisisafrica.me/release-leader-re-awakens-calls-biafran-secession-nigeria/ |archive-date=2019-04-28 |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=This Is Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Ba a san inda Kanu yake ba bayan Satumba 2017, biyo bayan wani hari da ake zargi da kai gidansa a Umuahia ta hadin gwiwar rundunar sojan sama da sojoji.A cikin watsa shirye-shiryen Rediyo Biafra, ya yi iƙirarin cewa bacewarsa saboda Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya aika da sojoji don su kashe shi a gidansa. Sojojin sun musanta cewa harin ya faru, yayin da rahotanni suka nuna bidiyon abin da ya faru.<ref name=":2" /> Akwai hasashe cewa Kanu ya gudu zuwa Isra'ila bayan wani [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] ya bayyana ya nuna wani mutum mai kama da shi yana addu'a a Western Wall a Urushalima.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2018 |title=Nigerian separatist leader admits he's in Israel, says owes life to Jewish state |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/nigerian-separatist-leader-admits-hes-in-israel-says-owes-life-to-jewish-state/ |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Times of Israel |language=en-US |agency=AFP}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Isra'ila ta ce ba za ta iya tabbatar da cewa Kanu yana cikin kasar ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-23 |title=Israel casts a shadow on Biafran leader Nnamdi Kanu sighting |url=https://africatimes.com/2018/10/23/israel-casts-a-shadow-on-biafran-leader-nnamdi-kanu-sighting/ |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Africa Times |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> Kotun ta soke belin Kanu, kuma alƙalin shari'a [[Binta Nyako]] ya ba da umarnin kama shi nan take.A ranar 29 ga Yuni 2021, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba da sanarwar cewa an sake kama Nnamdi Kanu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=John |date=2021-06-29 |title=Nnamdi Kanu rearrested, remanded in DSS custody |url=https://www.hotnaija.com.ng/2021/06/nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-in-uk.html |access-date=2021-06-29 |website=HotNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga baya aka tuhume shi kuma aka tsare shi a hannun Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jiha. == Rikicin 2020-21 == [[File:Indigenous_Peoples_of_Biafra_--_ACLED_Map.png|thumb|500x500px|Wurin tashin hankali na siyasa da ya shafi 'yan asalin Biafra a Najeriya, 2015-2023, bisa ga bayanan ACLED]] A watan Agustan 2020, IPOB ta zargi Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Jiha (DSS) da kashe 21 daga cikin mambobinta da kuma kama wasu 47 a wurare da yawa.DSS ta ce mambobin IPOB ne suka kashe jami'anta biyu.Dukkanin bangarorin biyu sun zargi ɗayan da harbi da farko kuma sun ce an kai musu hari ba tare da wani dalili ba.Ba a tabbatar da adadin wadanda suka mutu ba. Bayan abin da ya faru, IPOB ta yi alkawarin ramawa kuma ta yi kira ga membobinta da su yi amfani da kare kansu. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na 2020, Kanu ya ba da sanarwar kafa [[Cibiyar Tsaro ta Gabas]] (ESN), rundunar tsaro ta yanki wacce ya ce an yi niyyar cire 'yan fashi da mazaunan gandun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba waɗanda suka yi rikici da manoma a yankin Biafran.Sojojin Najeriya sun tura don gano sansanonin ESN makonni biyu bayan haka. A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2021, sojojin Najeriya sun shiga [[Orlu (Nijeriya)|Orlu]] don neman jami'an ESN.An ƙone gine-gine takwas kuma an kashe mutum ɗaya a cikin abubuwan da suka biyo baya. Sojojin tsaro sun koma yankin bayan kwana uku, sun yi karo da ESN kuma sun kashe akalla mutane biyar kafin ESN ta kori su. <ref name="sarejan272021" /> Sojojin Najeriya hudu ma sun mutu a cikin fada. Sojojin Najeriya sun janye, kuma a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, an tura jiragen sama da jirage masu saukar ungulu na [[Sojojin Sama na Najeriya]] don neman ma'aikatan ESN a Orlu da kewayen yankin. Kafin Sojojin Najeriya su sake kai hari, Kanu ya umarci ESN da ta dakatar da wuta kuma ta janye daga Orlu, wanda ya kawo karshen hare-haren. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan rikicin Orlu, IPOB ta ba da umarni na kwanaki 14 ga gwamnonin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya don hana kiwo a bude, yana barazanar tura ESN don aiwatar da haramta idan hukumomi ba su yi haka ba. A ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2021, IPOB ta ba da sanarwar kawance tare da [[Majalisar Gudanarwa ta Ambazonia]] (AGovC) da [[Sojojin Tsaro na Ambazonia]]. Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Ambazonia da sauran kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye na Biafra sun yi tir da kawancen. A cewar wani rahoto na BBC News Pidgin, [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojojin Najeriya]] sun kai hari hedkwatar IPOB kuma sun kwace makamai a cikin aikin hadin gwiwa tare da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan Jihar da masu ba da martani.Jami'an gwamnati sun bayyana aikin a matsayin nasara. An zargi mayakan IPOB da kashe fararen hula, gami da yara, tare da wani hari da aka ruwaito shi ne kisan gillar da aka yi a Jihar Anambra a watan Mayu 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel Akinwotu |date=30 May 2022 |title=Pro-Biafra militants accused of killing pregnant woman and children in Nigeria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/30/pro-biafra-militants-accused-of-killing-pregnant-woman-and-children-in-nigeria |access-date=30 May 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> == Ayyuka a waje da Najeriya == === Amurka === IPOB ta nemi goyon baya daga ƙungiyar siyasa ta Trump a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kuma shugaban IPOB Nnamdi Kanu ya halarci taron [[Donald Trump]] a [[Iowa]] bayan ya karɓi gayyata daga Jam'iyyar Republican ta Iowa . Gwamnatin Trump ta sanya Najeriya a matsayin Kasar Damuwa ta Musamman.Jaridar Najeriya [[Garba Shehu]] ta yi zargin cewa sunan ya samo asali ne daga tallafin IPOB na masu fafutukar Amurka don rinjayar manufofin kasashen waje na Amurka game da Najeriya. Bruce Fein, lauyan Amurka mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, ya yi magana don tallafawa IPOB da Nnamdi Kanu. Gwamnatin Biden daga baya ta sauya sunan Najeriya a matsayin kasar da ke keta 'yancin addini.Kungiyoyin Kirista da na dama da masu tsara dokoki a Amurka sun soki shawarar. == Dubi kuma == * [[Radio Biafra|Rediyon Biafra]] * [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]] * [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] * [[Tutar Biafra|Fadar Biafra]] * [[Inyamurai|Mutanen Igbo]] * [[MEND|Yunkurin neman 'yanci na Delta na Nijar]] * Sojojin Sa kai na Jama'ar Nijar Delta * [[Ƙungiya don Tabbatar da Ƙasar Biafra|Yunkurin sabuntawa na Jihar Biafra]] * [[Simon Ekpa|Sojojin 'Yanci na Biafra]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bxctrnz5uo5kl9qhzayqb1qfayknj82 975389 975387 2026-11-02T22:09:09Z Salma Raddah 45959 975389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Indigenous People of Biafra ('''IPOB''') kungiya ce mai rabuwa a [[Najeriya]] wacce ke da niyyar dawo da tsohuwar [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], wacce ta rabu da Najeriya a shekarar 1967 kafin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] kuma an rushe ta bayan da aka ci ta a shekarar 1970. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Allison |first=Simon |date=6 October 2017 |title=Mystery of the missing Biafran separatist |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-10-06-00-mystery-of-the-missing-biafran-separatist-1/ |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=The M&G Online |language=en}}</ref> Tun daga 2021, IPOB da sauran kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye na Biafra suna fama da rikice-rikicen' yan tawaye a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya da [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]].[[Nnamdi Kanu]], wanda ya kasance shugabansu, da Uche Mefor, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugabansu ne suka kafa kungiyar a shekarar 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leavitt |first=Jericho |date=2023-11-08 |title=Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) |url=https://www.moderninsurgent.org/post/indigenous-people-of-biafra |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=The Modern Insurgent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwonwu |first=Chiagozie |date=2023-01-09 |title=Biafra quest fuels Nigeria conflict: Too scared to marry and bury bodies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64110852?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA).Could |access-date=2023-01-31}}</ref> Kanu ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne na Burtaniya wanda aka sani da goyon bayansa ga ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Biafra ta zamani. Gwamnatin Najeriya ta ayyana IPOB a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci a shekarar 2017 a karkashin Dokar Ta'addanci ta Najeriya.Koyaya, Babban Kotun da ke zaune a Enugu ta soke sanarwar a cikin 2023. Sashe na Abuja na Kotun daukaka kara ya amince da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ta gwamnatin tarayya ta 2017 ta IPOB a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Appeal Court upholds IPOB proscription as terrorist group |url=https://freshnews.ng/appeal-court-upholds-ipob-proscription-as-terrorist-group/ |website=FreshNews.NG}}</ref> Ya zuwa Mayu 2022, [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] ta hana mafaka ga membobin IPOB da ake zargi da cin zarafin bil'adama, kodayake gwamnatin Burtaniya ta bayyana cewa ba a sanya IPOB a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci a Burtaniya ba. IPOB ta zargi gwamnatin tarayya ta Najeriya da saka hannun jari mara kyau, warewar siyasa, rarraba albarkatun da ba daidai ba, warewar kabilanci, kasancewar sojoji mai tsanani, da kashe-kashen da ba a cikin kudu maso gabas, kudu maso tsakiya, da sassa na arewa maso tsakiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Krista Mahr |last2=Oluwatosin Adeshokan |date=30 April 2019 |title=The dream of Biafra lives on in underground Nigerian radio broadcasts |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/africa/la-fg-nigeria-war-legacy-20190430-story.html |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Conor Gaffey">{{Cite web |last=Conor Gaffey |date=2015-12-07 |title=What is Biafra and Why are Some Nigerians Calling for Independence? |url=https://www.newsweek.com/what-biafra-and-why-are-some-nigerians-calling-independence-401164 |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Newsweek |language=en-US}}</ref> IPOB ta tashi zuwa shahararriya a tsakiyar shekarun 2010 kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin babbar kungiyar 'yancin kai ta Biafra ta hanyar membobin.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ta sami hankalin kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin abin da aka saba yi wa rikice-rikicen siyasa da gwamnatin Najeriya ke yi.Yana da shafukan yanar gizo da yawa da tashoshin sadarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Nigeria: At least 150 peaceful pro-Biafra activists killed in chilling crackdown |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/11/peaceful-pro-biafra-activists-killed-in-chilling-crackdown/ |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=Amnesty International}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Biyafara|Biafra]] ta kasance jamhuriya ce da aka amince da ita, mai kabilanci da yawa tare da yawan jama'ar [[Inyamurai|Ibo]].Lieutenant Colonel [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ne ya kafa shi a shekarar 1967 kuma ya rushe shi a shekarar 1970.Biafra ta yi yaƙi da gwamnatin Najeriya a [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] kan yunkurin rabuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |title=Biafra: Secessionist State, Nigeria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra}}</ref> An kiyasta mutuwar mutane miliyan 1 zuwa miliyan 3.5, tare da mutuwar fararen hula da yawa na Biafra da yunwa ta haifar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What's in a Name? For the Nigerian Civil War, Everything |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/whats-name-nigerian-civil-war-everything |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Sojojin Biafra sun mika wuya a shekarar 1970 biyo bayan armistice da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka ta shirya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akuchu |first=Gemuh E. |year=1977 |title=Peaceful Settlement of Disputes: Unsolved Problem for the OAU (A Case Study of the Nigeria-Biafra Conflict) |journal=Africa Today |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=39–58 |jstor=4185729}}</ref> An kafa Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) a cikin 1999 ta hanyar jagoran kasa Ralph Uwazuruike, kuma ya fara samun kulawa a farkon 2000s.Koyaya, ƙungiyar ta raunana ta hanyar zargin zalunci na jihar da rashin jituwa na ciki game da jagoranci.MASSOB ta zargi Uwazuruike da haɗa kansa da "babban siyasar Najeriya" maimakon ci gaba da manufar Biafra.[1] Wadannan rikice-rikice sun ba da gudummawa ga kafa wani bangare, Biafra Zionist Movement (BZM), wanda ya sami kulawa.Shugaba na BZM Benjamin Igwe Onwuka da yawancin mambobin kungiyar an kama su ne saboda cin amana daga gwamnatin Najeriya a wani taro a Enugu a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2012.Ayyukan BZM sun ragu saboda kamawa da gwaji na manyan mambobin kungiyar.Dukkanin kungiyoyin da ke goyon bayan Biafran sun taimaka wajen saita mataki don tasowa na IPOB, wanda ya ci gaba da ba da shawara ga irin waɗannan dalilai.[2][3] == Jagora == Shugaban 'yan asalin Biafra shine [[Nnamdi Kanu]], ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya da Najeriya.Ya kirkiro IPOB bayan ya zama sananne ga watsa shirye-shiryensa a [[Radio Biafra|Rediyon Biafra]], wanda aka kafa a cikin 2009.Tashar rediyo ta London ta watsa sakonnin da ke kira ga "yancin Biafrans" kuma ta soki cin hanci da rashawa a gwamnatin Najeriya.Rediyon Biafra ya taimaka wajen bunkasa martabar jama'a ta Kanu, kamar yadda a baya ba a san shi sosai ba. Sojojin tsaro na Najeriya sun kama Kanu a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2015, kan zargin "tawaye, tayar da kayar baya da cin amana".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=IBEANU, ORJI, IWUAMADI |first=OKECHUKWU, NKWACHUKWU, CHIJIOKE |date=2016 |title=Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies |journal=Institute for Innovations in Development |pages=1–71 |via=Research Gate}}</ref>Kanu ya bar Najeriya a shekarar 2017 yayin da yake kan beli, amma an sake kama shi a watan Yunin 2021 kuma an dawo da shi Najeriya.<ref name="cnn.com">{{Cite web |last=Nimi Princewill |last2=Stephanie Busari |date=2021-06-29 |title=Nigerian separatist leader brought back to Nigeria to face trial |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/nnamdi-kanu-arrested-nigeria-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Bayan kama Kanu na biyu a watan Yunin 2021, ya nada [[Simon Ekpa]] a matsayin babban mai watsa shirye-shiryen Rediyo Biafra kuma mai magana da yawun IPOB har sai an sake shi.<ref name="cnn.com" /> Ekpa daga baya ya yi jayayya da ci gaba da jagorancin Kanu na motsi yayin da aka daure Kanu. A ƙarshen 2022, wasu shugabannin IPOB, gami da kafofin watsa labarai da sakataren talla Emma Powerful, sun yi tir da Ekpa a fili. == Aikin == A cewar 'yan asalin Biafra Amurka, manufar IPOB ita ce "maido da' yancin kai kafin mulkin mallaka da kuma mulkin mallaka wanda muka ayyana kafin kisan kare dangi na Biafra".Kungiyar ta bayyana cewa tana neman bayyana manufofinta, dokoki, ka'idoji, da dabi'u, kuma "ba ta neman wani matsakaicin tushe".[s]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story - Indigenous People of Biafra |url=https://www.ipobinusa.org/ourstory |access-date=3 July 2025 |website=Indigenous People of Biafra USA}}</ref> == zanga-zangar == [[File:Free_Nnamdi_Kanu_-_Biafran_separatist_leader_imprisoned_in_Nigeria._(25346464822).jpg|thumb|IPOB ta nuna rashin amincewa da neman a saki [[Nnamdi Kanu]]]] Bayan kama Nnamdi Kanu da Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Gwamnati ta Najeriya ta yi a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2015, masu zanga-zangar goyon bayan Biafran sun gudanar da zanga-zanga a gabashin Najeriya suna neman a sake shi.An kama shi da karuwar tarurruka tsakanin magoya bayan IPOB. A ranar 2 ga Disamba 2015, an kashe masu zanga-zangar tara da jami'an 'yan sanda biyu bayan masu zanga-zanga da' yan sanda sun yi rikici a Onitsha, Jihar Anambra. Tun daga wannan lokacin, 'yan sanda sun kashe masu zanga-zangar a Aba, Onitsha, Enugu, da Umuahia. Bayan an fitar da Nnamdi Kanu daga Kenya, IPOB ta yi kira ga magoya bayan Biafran da su kiyaye zanga-zangar "zauna gida", da kuma kwanakin da Kanu ya bayyana a kotu. A ranar 21 ga watan Yulin 2023, Kanu ya soke umarnin zama a gida ta hanyar lauyansa da kuma sakataren yada labarai da talla na IPOB, Emma Powerful . Some IPOB supporters cited the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump|President Donald Trump]] and the United Kingdom's vote to leave the [[Tarayyar Turai|European Union]] as indications of international support for self-determination. IPOB figures argued that support for Biafran secession could align with United States economic interests because of instability affecting oil production in the [[Neja Delta|Niger Delta]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Conor Gaffey |date=2016-11-10 |title=In Nigeria, secessionists are celebrating Donald Trump's election |url=https://www.newsweek.com/nigeria-biafra-separatists-are-celebrating-donald-trumps-election-519550 |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Newsweek |language=en-US}}</ref> However, Trump has made no public statement in support of Biafran self-determination.{{When|date=August 2025}} Masu zanga-zangar sun yi kira da a saki Nnamdi Kanu da sauran masu fafutuka na Biafra da aka daure.Sun kuma yi kira ga gwamnati da ta sanya ranar raba gardama ta 'yancin kai.Nnabuike Nnadede, editan kamfanin dillancin labarai na Biafra, ya bayyana cewa mutanen Igbo sun sha wahala daga rashin albarkatu da saka hannun jari daga gwamnatin Najeriya.Masu zanga-zangar sun ce suna son damar yin zabe don samun 'yancin kai.<ref name="Conor Gaffey" /> == Amsawar jihar da magani == A ranar 18 ga Satumba 2017, Babban Kotun Tarayya a Abuja ta ayyana IPOB a matsayin isation. IPOB ta kalubalanci wannan haramcin a cikin 2018 kuma ta nemi juyar da hukuncin kotun. A cikin 2023, Babban Kotun da ke zaune a Jihar Enugu ta ayyana haramcin ba bisa ka'ida ba, ta soke shi, kuma ta ba da kyautar naira biliyan 8 na Najeriya a cikin lalacewa. An zargi jihar Najeriya da yin amfani da karfi mai yawa a kan ƙungiyoyin da ke goyon bayan Biafran.An yi zargin tashin hankali na 'yan sanda tun daga shekara ta 2014, da farko da aka yi niyya da MASSOB sannan IPOB bayan an kafa ta.<ref name=":1" /> A shekara ta 2008, MASSOB ta yi iƙirarin cewa jihar ta kashe 2,020 daga cikin mambobinta ba tare da shari'a ba.[[Amnesty International]] ta fitar da wani rahoto da ke ba da cikakken bayani cewa an kashe masu zanga-zangar IPOB da yawa a ranar 29 da 30 ga Mayu 2016 yayin wani aiki na gwamnati don hana mambobin IPOB daga tafiya daga filin shakatawa na Nkpor zuwa wani taro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Killing of unarmed pro-Biafra supporters by military must be urgently investigated |url=https://www.amnesty.nl/actueel/nigeria-killing-of-unarmed-pro-biafra-supporters-by-military-must-be-urgently-investigated |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Amnesty International |language=nl}}</ref> Sojojin Najeriya sun ce sun yi aiki ne don kare kansu kuma adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai biyar maimakon hamsin.Gwamnatin Najeriya ba ta bincika wadannan kashe-kashen ba, duk da cewa Amnesty International ta bukaci yin hakan. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke sa ido kan kisan gillar da ba a yi la'akari da shi ba a Biafra sun yi iƙirarin cewa daga watan Agustan 2015 zuwa Fabrairun 2016, an kashe fararen hula 170 marasa makami, kuma an kama 400, an tuhume su ko kuma an tsare su ba tare da an yi musu shari'a ba. == Shari'ar Kanu da tsare ta == Shugaban IPOB Nnamdi Kanu ya kasa bayyana a kotu bayan 25 ga Afrilu 2017 don amsa tuhumar da gwamnatin tarayya ta kawo.A baya an tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba sama da shekara guda kuma an gurfanar da shi a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2016 kan zargin makircin aikata laifuka, kasancewa memba na kungiyar ba bisa ka'ida ba, da tsoratarwa. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2017, shugabannin kungiyar Ibo ta Duniya sun bukaci a saki Kanu, suna mai nuna damuwa game da shari'a cewa Kanu yana buƙatar kulawar likita da ba a samu a kurkuku ba.Daga baya aka ba Kanu beli, tare da yanayin da ya hana shi yin hira, ganawa da mutane sama da goma, da shirya da halartar tarurruka ko ayyukan zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-23 |title=Release of Leader Re-Awakens Calls for Biafran Secession in Nigeria |url=https://thisisafrica.me/release-leader-re-awakens-calls-biafran-secession-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428035709/https://thisisafrica.me/release-leader-re-awakens-calls-biafran-secession-nigeria/ |archive-date=2019-04-28 |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=This Is Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Ba a san inda Kanu yake ba bayan Satumba 2017, biyo bayan wani hari da ake zargi da kai gidansa a Umuahia ta hadin gwiwar rundunar sojan sama da sojoji.A cikin watsa shirye-shiryen Rediyo Biafra, ya yi iƙirarin cewa bacewarsa saboda Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya aika da sojoji don su kashe shi a gidansa. Sojojin sun musanta cewa harin ya faru, yayin da rahotanni suka nuna bidiyon abin da ya faru.<ref name=":2" /> Akwai hasashe cewa Kanu ya gudu zuwa Isra'ila bayan wani [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] ya bayyana ya nuna wani mutum mai kama da shi yana addu'a a Western Wall a Urushalima.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2018 |title=Nigerian separatist leader admits he's in Israel, says owes life to Jewish state |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/nigerian-separatist-leader-admits-hes-in-israel-says-owes-life-to-jewish-state/ |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Times of Israel |language=en-US |agency=AFP}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Isra'ila ta ce ba za ta iya tabbatar da cewa Kanu yana cikin kasar ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-23 |title=Israel casts a shadow on Biafran leader Nnamdi Kanu sighting |url=https://africatimes.com/2018/10/23/israel-casts-a-shadow-on-biafran-leader-nnamdi-kanu-sighting/ |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Africa Times |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> Kotun ta soke belin Kanu, kuma alƙalin shari'a [[Binta Nyako]] ya ba da umarnin kama shi nan take.A ranar 29 ga Yuni 2021, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba da sanarwar cewa an sake kama Nnamdi Kanu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=John |date=2021-06-29 |title=Nnamdi Kanu rearrested, remanded in DSS custody |url=https://www.hotnaija.com.ng/2021/06/nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-in-uk.html |access-date=2021-06-29 |website=HotNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga baya aka tuhume shi kuma aka tsare shi a hannun Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jiha. == Rikicin 2020-21 == [[File:Indigenous_Peoples_of_Biafra_--_ACLED_Map.png|thumb|500x500px|Wurin tashin hankali na siyasa da ya shafi 'yan asalin Biafra a Najeriya, 2015-2023, bisa ga bayanan ACLED]] A watan Agustan 2020, IPOB ta zargi Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Jiha (DSS) da kashe 21 daga cikin mambobinta da kuma kama wasu 47 a wurare da yawa.DSS ta ce mambobin IPOB ne suka kashe jami'anta biyu.Dukkanin bangarorin biyu sun zargi ɗayan da harbi da farko kuma sun ce an kai musu hari ba tare da wani dalili ba.Ba a tabbatar da adadin wadanda suka mutu ba. Bayan abin da ya faru, IPOB ta yi alkawarin ramawa kuma ta yi kira ga membobinta da su yi amfani da kare kansu. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na 2020, Kanu ya ba da sanarwar kafa [[Cibiyar Tsaro ta Gabas]] (ESN), rundunar tsaro ta yanki wacce ya ce an yi niyyar cire 'yan fashi da mazaunan gandun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba waɗanda suka yi rikici da manoma a yankin Biafran.Sojojin Najeriya sun tura don gano sansanonin ESN makonni biyu bayan haka. A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2021, sojojin Najeriya sun shiga [[Orlu (Nijeriya)|Orlu]] don neman jami'an ESN.An ƙone gine-gine takwas kuma an kashe mutum ɗaya a cikin abubuwan da suka biyo baya. Sojojin tsaro sun koma yankin bayan kwana uku, sun yi karo da ESN kuma sun kashe akalla mutane biyar kafin ESN ta kori su. <ref name="sarejan272021" /> Sojojin Najeriya hudu ma sun mutu a cikin fada. Sojojin Najeriya sun janye, kuma a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, an tura jiragen sama da jirage masu saukar ungulu na [[Sojojin Sama na Najeriya]] don neman ma'aikatan ESN a Orlu da kewayen yankin. Kafin Sojojin Najeriya su sake kai hari, Kanu ya umarci ESN da ta dakatar da wuta kuma ta janye daga Orlu, wanda ya kawo karshen hare-haren. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan rikicin Orlu, IPOB ta ba da umarni na kwanaki 14 ga gwamnonin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya don hana kiwo a bude, yana barazanar tura ESN don aiwatar da haramta idan hukumomi ba su yi haka ba. A ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2021, IPOB ta ba da sanarwar kawance tare da [[Majalisar Gudanarwa ta Ambazonia]] (AGovC) da [[Sojojin Tsaro na Ambazonia]]. Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Ambazonia da sauran kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye na Biafra sun yi tir da kawancen. A cewar wani rahoto na BBC News Pidgin, [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojojin Najeriya]] sun kai hari hedkwatar IPOB kuma sun kwace makamai a cikin aikin hadin gwiwa tare da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan Jihar da masu ba da martani.Jami'an gwamnati sun bayyana aikin a matsayin nasara. An zargi mayakan IPOB da kashe fararen hula, gami da yara, tare da wani hari da aka ruwaito shi ne kisan gillar da aka yi a Jihar Anambra a watan Mayu 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel Akinwotu |date=30 May 2022 |title=Pro-Biafra militants accused of killing pregnant woman and children in Nigeria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/30/pro-biafra-militants-accused-of-killing-pregnant-woman-and-children-in-nigeria |access-date=30 May 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> == Ayyuka a waje da Najeriya == === Amurka === IPOB ta nemi goyon baya daga ƙungiyar siyasa ta Trump a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kuma shugaban IPOB Nnamdi Kanu ya halarci taron [[Donald Trump]] a [[Iowa]] bayan ya karɓi gayyata daga Jam'iyyar Republican ta Iowa . Gwamnatin Trump ta sanya Najeriya a matsayin Kasar Damuwa ta Musamman.Jaridar Najeriya [[Garba Shehu]] ta yi zargin cewa sunan ya samo asali ne daga tallafin IPOB na masu fafutukar Amurka don rinjayar manufofin kasashen waje na Amurka game da Najeriya. Bruce Fein, lauyan Amurka mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, ya yi magana don tallafawa IPOB da Nnamdi Kanu. Gwamnatin Biden daga baya ta sauya sunan Najeriya a matsayin kasar da ke keta 'yancin addini.Kungiyoyin Kirista da na dama da masu tsara dokoki a Amurka sun soki shawarar. == Dubi kuma == * [[Radio Biafra|Rediyon Biafra]] * [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]] * [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] * [[Tutar Biafra|Fadar Biafra]] * [[Inyamurai|Mutanen Igbo]] * [[MEND|Yunkurin neman 'yanci na Delta na Nijar]] * Sojojin Sa kai na Jama'ar Nijar Delta * [[Ƙungiya don Tabbatar da Ƙasar Biafra|Yunkurin sabuntawa na Jihar Biafra]] * [[Simon Ekpa|Sojojin 'Yanci na Biafra]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pmmplct2q4n4ep3fo6qc7zfb2n7sgmw 975391 975389 2026-11-02T22:11:01Z Salma Raddah 45959 975391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Indigenous People of Biafra ('''IPOB''') kungiya ce mai rabuwa a [[Najeriya]] wacce ke da niyyar dawo da tsohuwar [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], wacce ta rabu da Najeriya a shekarar 1967 kafin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] kuma an rushe ta bayan da aka ci ta a shekarar 1970. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Allison |first=Simon |date=6 October 2017 |title=Mystery of the missing Biafran separatist |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-10-06-00-mystery-of-the-missing-biafran-separatist-1/ |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=The M&G Online |language=en}}</ref> Tun daga 2021, IPOB da sauran kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye na Biafra suna fama da rikice-rikicen' yan tawaye a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya da [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]].[[Nnamdi Kanu]], wanda ya kasance shugabansu, da Uche Mefor, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugabansu ne suka kafa kungiyar a shekarar 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leavitt |first=Jericho |date=2023-11-08 |title=Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) |url=https://www.moderninsurgent.org/post/indigenous-people-of-biafra |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=The Modern Insurgent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwonwu |first=Chiagozie |date=2023-01-09 |title=Biafra quest fuels Nigeria conflict: Too scared to marry and bury bodies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64110852?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA).Could |access-date=2023-01-31}}</ref> Kanu ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne na [[Burtaniya]] wanda aka sani da goyon bayansa ga ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Biafra ta zamani. Gwamnatin Najeriya ta ayyana IPOB a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci a shekarar 2017 a karkashin Dokar Ta'addanci ta Najeriya.Koyaya, Babban Kotun da ke zaune a Enugu ta soke sanarwar a cikin 2023. Sashe na Abuja na Kotun daukaka kara ya amince da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ta gwamnatin tarayya ta 2017 ta IPOB a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Appeal Court upholds IPOB proscription as terrorist group |url=https://freshnews.ng/appeal-court-upholds-ipob-proscription-as-terrorist-group/ |website=FreshNews.NG}}</ref> Ya zuwa Mayu 2022, [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] ta hana mafaka ga membobin IPOB da ake zargi da cin zarafin bil'adama, kodayake gwamnatin Burtaniya ta bayyana cewa ba a sanya IPOB a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci a Burtaniya ba. IPOB ta zargi gwamnatin tarayya ta Najeriya da saka hannun jari mara kyau, warewar siyasa, rarraba albarkatun da ba daidai ba, warewar kabilanci, kasancewar sojoji mai tsanani, da kashe-kashen da ba a cikin kudu maso gabas, kudu maso tsakiya, da sassa na arewa maso tsakiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Krista Mahr |last2=Oluwatosin Adeshokan |date=30 April 2019 |title=The dream of Biafra lives on in underground Nigerian radio broadcasts |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/africa/la-fg-nigeria-war-legacy-20190430-story.html |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Conor Gaffey">{{Cite web |last=Conor Gaffey |date=2015-12-07 |title=What is Biafra and Why are Some Nigerians Calling for Independence? |url=https://www.newsweek.com/what-biafra-and-why-are-some-nigerians-calling-independence-401164 |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Newsweek |language=en-US}}</ref> IPOB ta tashi zuwa shahararriya a tsakiyar shekarun 2010 kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin babbar kungiyar 'yancin kai ta Biafra ta hanyar membobin.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ta sami hankalin kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin abin da aka saba yi wa rikice-rikicen siyasa da gwamnatin Najeriya ke yi.Yana da shafukan yanar gizo da yawa da tashoshin sadarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Nigeria: At least 150 peaceful pro-Biafra activists killed in chilling crackdown |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/11/peaceful-pro-biafra-activists-killed-in-chilling-crackdown/ |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=Amnesty International}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Biyafara|Biafra]] ta kasance jamhuriya ce da aka amince da ita, mai kabilanci da yawa tare da yawan jama'ar [[Inyamurai|Ibo]].Lieutenant Colonel [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ne ya kafa shi a shekarar 1967 kuma ya rushe shi a shekarar 1970.Biafra ta yi yaƙi da gwamnatin Najeriya a [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] kan yunkurin rabuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |title=Biafra: Secessionist State, Nigeria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra}}</ref> An kiyasta mutuwar mutane miliyan 1 zuwa miliyan 3.5, tare da mutuwar fararen hula da yawa na Biafra da yunwa ta haifar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What's in a Name? For the Nigerian Civil War, Everything |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/whats-name-nigerian-civil-war-everything |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Sojojin Biafra sun mika wuya a shekarar 1970 biyo bayan armistice da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka ta shirya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akuchu |first=Gemuh E. |year=1977 |title=Peaceful Settlement of Disputes: Unsolved Problem for the OAU (A Case Study of the Nigeria-Biafra Conflict) |journal=Africa Today |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=39–58 |jstor=4185729}}</ref> An kafa Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) a cikin 1999 ta hanyar jagoran kasa Ralph Uwazuruike, kuma ya fara samun kulawa a farkon 2000s.Koyaya, ƙungiyar ta raunana ta hanyar zargin zalunci na jihar da rashin jituwa na ciki game da jagoranci.MASSOB ta zargi Uwazuruike da haɗa kansa da "babban siyasar Najeriya" maimakon ci gaba da manufar Biafra.[1] Wadannan rikice-rikice sun ba da gudummawa ga kafa wani bangare, Biafra Zionist Movement (BZM), wanda ya sami kulawa.Shugaba na BZM Benjamin Igwe Onwuka da yawancin mambobin kungiyar an kama su ne saboda cin amana daga gwamnatin Najeriya a wani taro a Enugu a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2012.Ayyukan BZM sun ragu saboda kamawa da gwaji na manyan mambobin kungiyar.Dukkanin kungiyoyin da ke goyon bayan Biafran sun taimaka wajen saita mataki don tasowa na IPOB, wanda ya ci gaba da ba da shawara ga irin waɗannan dalilai.[2][3] == Jagora == Shugaban 'yan asalin Biafra shine [[Nnamdi Kanu]], ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya da Najeriya.Ya kirkiro IPOB bayan ya zama sananne ga watsa shirye-shiryensa a [[Radio Biafra|Rediyon Biafra]], wanda aka kafa a cikin 2009.Tashar rediyo ta London ta watsa sakonnin da ke kira ga "yancin Biafrans" kuma ta soki cin hanci da rashawa a gwamnatin Najeriya.Rediyon Biafra ya taimaka wajen bunkasa martabar jama'a ta Kanu, kamar yadda a baya ba a san shi sosai ba. Sojojin tsaro na Najeriya sun kama Kanu a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2015, kan zargin "tawaye, tayar da kayar baya da cin amana".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=IBEANU, ORJI, IWUAMADI |first=OKECHUKWU, NKWACHUKWU, CHIJIOKE |date=2016 |title=Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies |journal=Institute for Innovations in Development |pages=1–71 |via=Research Gate}}</ref>Kanu ya bar Najeriya a shekarar 2017 yayin da yake kan beli, amma an sake kama shi a watan Yunin 2021 kuma an dawo da shi Najeriya.<ref name="cnn.com">{{Cite web |last=Nimi Princewill |last2=Stephanie Busari |date=2021-06-29 |title=Nigerian separatist leader brought back to Nigeria to face trial |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/nnamdi-kanu-arrested-nigeria-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Bayan kama Kanu na biyu a watan Yunin 2021, ya nada [[Simon Ekpa]] a matsayin babban mai watsa shirye-shiryen Rediyo Biafra kuma mai magana da yawun IPOB har sai an sake shi.<ref name="cnn.com" /> Ekpa daga baya ya yi jayayya da ci gaba da jagorancin Kanu na motsi yayin da aka daure Kanu. A ƙarshen 2022, wasu shugabannin IPOB, gami da kafofin watsa labarai da sakataren talla Emma Powerful, sun yi tir da Ekpa a fili. == Aikin == A cewar 'yan asalin Biafra Amurka, manufar IPOB ita ce "maido da' yancin kai kafin mulkin mallaka da kuma mulkin mallaka wanda muka ayyana kafin kisan kare dangi na Biafra".Kungiyar ta bayyana cewa tana neman bayyana manufofinta, dokoki, ka'idoji, da dabi'u, kuma "ba ta neman wani matsakaicin tushe".[s]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story - Indigenous People of Biafra |url=https://www.ipobinusa.org/ourstory |access-date=3 July 2025 |website=Indigenous People of Biafra USA}}</ref> == zanga-zangar == [[File:Free_Nnamdi_Kanu_-_Biafran_separatist_leader_imprisoned_in_Nigeria._(25346464822).jpg|thumb|IPOB ta nuna rashin amincewa da neman a saki [[Nnamdi Kanu]]]] Bayan kama Nnamdi Kanu da Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Gwamnati ta Najeriya ta yi a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2015, masu zanga-zangar goyon bayan Biafran sun gudanar da zanga-zanga a gabashin Najeriya suna neman a sake shi.An kama shi da karuwar tarurruka tsakanin magoya bayan IPOB. A ranar 2 ga Disamba 2015, an kashe masu zanga-zangar tara da jami'an 'yan sanda biyu bayan masu zanga-zanga da' yan sanda sun yi rikici a Onitsha, Jihar Anambra. Tun daga wannan lokacin, 'yan sanda sun kashe masu zanga-zangar a Aba, Onitsha, Enugu, da Umuahia. Bayan an fitar da Nnamdi Kanu daga Kenya, IPOB ta yi kira ga magoya bayan Biafran da su kiyaye zanga-zangar "zauna gida", da kuma kwanakin da Kanu ya bayyana a kotu. A ranar 21 ga watan Yulin 2023, Kanu ya soke umarnin zama a gida ta hanyar lauyansa da kuma sakataren yada labarai da talla na IPOB, Emma Powerful . Some IPOB supporters cited the 2016 election of [[Donald Trump|President Donald Trump]] and the United Kingdom's vote to leave the [[Tarayyar Turai|European Union]] as indications of international support for self-determination. IPOB figures argued that support for Biafran secession could align with United States economic interests because of instability affecting oil production in the [[Neja Delta|Niger Delta]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Conor Gaffey |date=2016-11-10 |title=In Nigeria, secessionists are celebrating Donald Trump's election |url=https://www.newsweek.com/nigeria-biafra-separatists-are-celebrating-donald-trumps-election-519550 |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Newsweek |language=en-US}}</ref> However, Trump has made no public statement in support of Biafran self-determination.{{When|date=August 2025}} Masu zanga-zangar sun yi kira da a saki Nnamdi Kanu da sauran masu fafutuka na Biafra da aka daure.Sun kuma yi kira ga gwamnati da ta sanya ranar raba gardama ta 'yancin kai.Nnabuike Nnadede, editan kamfanin dillancin labarai na Biafra, ya bayyana cewa mutanen Igbo sun sha wahala daga rashin albarkatu da saka hannun jari daga gwamnatin Najeriya.Masu zanga-zangar sun ce suna son damar yin zabe don samun 'yancin kai.<ref name="Conor Gaffey" /> == Amsawar jihar da magani == A ranar 18 ga Satumba 2017, Babban Kotun Tarayya a Abuja ta ayyana IPOB a matsayin isation. IPOB ta kalubalanci wannan haramcin a cikin 2018 kuma ta nemi juyar da hukuncin kotun. A cikin 2023, Babban Kotun da ke zaune a Jihar Enugu ta ayyana haramcin ba bisa ka'ida ba, ta soke shi, kuma ta ba da kyautar naira biliyan 8 na Najeriya a cikin lalacewa. An zargi jihar Najeriya da yin amfani da karfi mai yawa a kan ƙungiyoyin da ke goyon bayan Biafran.An yi zargin tashin hankali na 'yan sanda tun daga shekara ta 2014, da farko da aka yi niyya da MASSOB sannan IPOB bayan an kafa ta.<ref name=":1" /> A shekara ta 2008, MASSOB ta yi iƙirarin cewa jihar ta kashe 2,020 daga cikin mambobinta ba tare da shari'a ba.[[Amnesty International]] ta fitar da wani rahoto da ke ba da cikakken bayani cewa an kashe masu zanga-zangar IPOB da yawa a ranar 29 da 30 ga Mayu 2016 yayin wani aiki na gwamnati don hana mambobin IPOB daga tafiya daga filin shakatawa na Nkpor zuwa wani taro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Killing of unarmed pro-Biafra supporters by military must be urgently investigated |url=https://www.amnesty.nl/actueel/nigeria-killing-of-unarmed-pro-biafra-supporters-by-military-must-be-urgently-investigated |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Amnesty International |language=nl}}</ref> Sojojin Najeriya sun ce sun yi aiki ne don kare kansu kuma adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai biyar maimakon hamsin.Gwamnatin Najeriya ba ta bincika wadannan kashe-kashen ba, duk da cewa Amnesty International ta bukaci yin hakan. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke sa ido kan kisan gillar da ba a yi la'akari da shi ba a Biafra sun yi iƙirarin cewa daga watan Agustan 2015 zuwa Fabrairun 2016, an kashe fararen hula 170 marasa makami, kuma an kama 400, an tuhume su ko kuma an tsare su ba tare da an yi musu shari'a ba. == Shari'ar Kanu da tsare ta == Shugaban IPOB Nnamdi Kanu ya kasa bayyana a kotu bayan 25 ga Afrilu 2017 don amsa tuhumar da gwamnatin tarayya ta kawo.A baya an tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba sama da shekara guda kuma an gurfanar da shi a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2016 kan zargin makircin aikata laifuka, kasancewa memba na kungiyar ba bisa ka'ida ba, da tsoratarwa. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2017, shugabannin kungiyar Ibo ta Duniya sun bukaci a saki Kanu, suna mai nuna damuwa game da shari'a cewa Kanu yana buƙatar kulawar likita da ba a samu a kurkuku ba.Daga baya aka ba Kanu beli, tare da yanayin da ya hana shi yin hira, ganawa da mutane sama da goma, da shirya da halartar tarurruka ko ayyukan zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-23 |title=Release of Leader Re-Awakens Calls for Biafran Secession in Nigeria |url=https://thisisafrica.me/release-leader-re-awakens-calls-biafran-secession-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428035709/https://thisisafrica.me/release-leader-re-awakens-calls-biafran-secession-nigeria/ |archive-date=2019-04-28 |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=This Is Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Ba a san inda Kanu yake ba bayan Satumba 2017, biyo bayan wani hari da ake zargi da kai gidansa a Umuahia ta hadin gwiwar rundunar sojan sama da sojoji.A cikin watsa shirye-shiryen Rediyo Biafra, ya yi iƙirarin cewa bacewarsa saboda Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya aika da sojoji don su kashe shi a gidansa. Sojojin sun musanta cewa harin ya faru, yayin da rahotanni suka nuna bidiyon abin da ya faru.<ref name=":2" /> Akwai hasashe cewa Kanu ya gudu zuwa Isra'ila bayan wani [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] ya bayyana ya nuna wani mutum mai kama da shi yana addu'a a Western Wall a Urushalima.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2018 |title=Nigerian separatist leader admits he's in Israel, says owes life to Jewish state |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/nigerian-separatist-leader-admits-hes-in-israel-says-owes-life-to-jewish-state/ |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Times of Israel |language=en-US |agency=AFP}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Isra'ila ta ce ba za ta iya tabbatar da cewa Kanu yana cikin kasar ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-23 |title=Israel casts a shadow on Biafran leader Nnamdi Kanu sighting |url=https://africatimes.com/2018/10/23/israel-casts-a-shadow-on-biafran-leader-nnamdi-kanu-sighting/ |access-date=2019-05-13 |website=Africa Times |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref> Kotun ta soke belin Kanu, kuma alƙalin shari'a [[Binta Nyako]] ya ba da umarnin kama shi nan take.A ranar 29 ga Yuni 2021, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba da sanarwar cewa an sake kama Nnamdi Kanu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=John |date=2021-06-29 |title=Nnamdi Kanu rearrested, remanded in DSS custody |url=https://www.hotnaija.com.ng/2021/06/nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-in-uk.html |access-date=2021-06-29 |website=HotNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga baya aka tuhume shi kuma aka tsare shi a hannun Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jiha. == Rikicin 2020-21 == [[File:Indigenous_Peoples_of_Biafra_--_ACLED_Map.png|thumb|500x500px|Wurin tashin hankali na siyasa da ya shafi 'yan asalin Biafra a Najeriya, 2015-2023, bisa ga bayanan ACLED]] A watan Agustan 2020, IPOB ta zargi Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Jiha (DSS) da kashe 21 daga cikin mambobinta da kuma kama wasu 47 a wurare da yawa.DSS ta ce mambobin IPOB ne suka kashe jami'anta biyu.Dukkanin bangarorin biyu sun zargi ɗayan da harbi da farko kuma sun ce an kai musu hari ba tare da wani dalili ba.Ba a tabbatar da adadin wadanda suka mutu ba. Bayan abin da ya faru, IPOB ta yi alkawarin ramawa kuma ta yi kira ga membobinta da su yi amfani da kare kansu. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na 2020, Kanu ya ba da sanarwar kafa [[Cibiyar Tsaro ta Gabas]] (ESN), rundunar tsaro ta yanki wacce ya ce an yi niyyar cire 'yan fashi da mazaunan gandun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba waɗanda suka yi rikici da manoma a yankin Biafran.Sojojin Najeriya sun tura don gano sansanonin ESN makonni biyu bayan haka. A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2021, sojojin Najeriya sun shiga [[Orlu (Nijeriya)|Orlu]] don neman jami'an ESN.An ƙone gine-gine takwas kuma an kashe mutum ɗaya a cikin abubuwan da suka biyo baya. Sojojin tsaro sun koma yankin bayan kwana uku, sun yi karo da ESN kuma sun kashe akalla mutane biyar kafin ESN ta kori su. <ref name="sarejan272021" /> Sojojin Najeriya hudu ma sun mutu a cikin fada. Sojojin Najeriya sun janye, kuma a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, an tura jiragen sama da jirage masu saukar ungulu na [[Sojojin Sama na Najeriya]] don neman ma'aikatan ESN a Orlu da kewayen yankin. Kafin Sojojin Najeriya su sake kai hari, Kanu ya umarci ESN da ta dakatar da wuta kuma ta janye daga Orlu, wanda ya kawo karshen hare-haren. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan rikicin Orlu, IPOB ta ba da umarni na kwanaki 14 ga gwamnonin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya don hana kiwo a bude, yana barazanar tura ESN don aiwatar da haramta idan hukumomi ba su yi haka ba. A ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2021, IPOB ta ba da sanarwar kawance tare da [[Majalisar Gudanarwa ta Ambazonia]] (AGovC) da [[Sojojin Tsaro na Ambazonia]]. Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Ambazonia da sauran kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye na Biafra sun yi tir da kawancen. A cewar wani rahoto na BBC News Pidgin, [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Sojojin Najeriya]] sun kai hari hedkwatar IPOB kuma sun kwace makamai a cikin aikin hadin gwiwa tare da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan Jihar da masu ba da martani.Jami'an gwamnati sun bayyana aikin a matsayin nasara. An zargi mayakan IPOB da kashe fararen hula, gami da yara, tare da wani hari da aka ruwaito shi ne kisan gillar da aka yi a Jihar Anambra a watan Mayu 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel Akinwotu |date=30 May 2022 |title=Pro-Biafra militants accused of killing pregnant woman and children in Nigeria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/30/pro-biafra-militants-accused-of-killing-pregnant-woman-and-children-in-nigeria |access-date=30 May 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> == Ayyuka a waje da Najeriya == === Amurka === IPOB ta nemi goyon baya daga ƙungiyar siyasa ta Trump a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kuma shugaban IPOB Nnamdi Kanu ya halarci taron [[Donald Trump]] a [[Iowa]] bayan ya karɓi gayyata daga Jam'iyyar Republican ta Iowa . Gwamnatin Trump ta sanya Najeriya a matsayin Kasar Damuwa ta Musamman.Jaridar Najeriya [[Garba Shehu]] ta yi zargin cewa sunan ya samo asali ne daga tallafin IPOB na masu fafutukar Amurka don rinjayar manufofin kasashen waje na Amurka game da Najeriya. Bruce Fein, lauyan Amurka mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, ya yi magana don tallafawa IPOB da Nnamdi Kanu. Gwamnatin Biden daga baya ta sauya sunan Najeriya a matsayin kasar da ke keta 'yancin addini.Kungiyoyin Kirista da na dama da masu tsara dokoki a Amurka sun soki shawarar. == Dubi kuma == * [[Radio Biafra|Rediyon Biafra]] * [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]] * [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] * [[Tutar Biafra|Fadar Biafra]] * [[Inyamurai|Mutanen Igbo]] * [[MEND|Yunkurin neman 'yanci na Delta na Nijar]] * Sojojin Sa kai na Jama'ar Nijar Delta * [[Ƙungiya don Tabbatar da Ƙasar Biafra|Yunkurin sabuntawa na Jihar Biafra]] * [[Simon Ekpa|Sojojin 'Yanci na Biafra]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q3ufnk7165h5uwe5bug9latuvi7zi16 0 180554 975430 2026-11-03T03:22:24Z ~2026-58157-70 50714 Sabon shafi: {{databox}} '''Éric La Rocca''' mai sarrafa wasanni ne kuma manajan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] na [[Faransa]] wanda ke aiki a fagen [[wasa]] da kuma [[wasannin fama]]. Shi ne mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Faransa kan al'amuran da suka shafi wasanni. == Aiki == A cikin aikinsa na sarrafa wasannin fama, ya kafa kansa a matsayin jagora wajen haɓaka [[Kenpō]] da [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] a ƙasar Faransa, inda yake haɗin gwiwa da kungiyar ''Fédération Francophone de sport de Com... 975430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Éric La Rocca''' mai sarrafa wasanni ne kuma manajan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] na [[Faransa]] wanda ke aiki a fagen [[wasa]] da kuma [[wasannin fama]]. Shi ne mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Faransa kan al'amuran da suka shafi wasanni. == Aiki == A cikin aikinsa na sarrafa wasannin fama, ya kafa kansa a matsayin jagora wajen haɓaka [[Kenpō]] da [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] a ƙasar Faransa, inda yake haɗin gwiwa da kungiyar ''Fédération Francophone de sport de Combat''. A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, yana aiki a cikin sarrafa wasanni na duniya a matsayin memba na hukumar [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts|GAMMA]] (Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts) kuma yana riƙe da muƙamin babban sakatare na duniya a cikin Hukumar Kimpo ta Duniya (IKF). Karkashin jagorancinsa, wadannan wasannin sun sami karɓuwa a wurin manyan ƙungiyoyin duniya kamar SportAccord da TAFISA. Ya kasance babban mai shirya gasar zakarun MMA na soja na farko a ƙasar Faransa. == Shafuka na waje == * [[Kenpō]] * [[Mixed martial arts]] * [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts]] {{Filin bio}} [[Rukunoni:Manajojin wasanni na Faransa]] [[Rukunoni:Masana wasannin fama na Faransa]] g84idlkzbe17vdo53sguqf0rt5jcnho 975431 975430 2026-11-03T03:24:07Z ~2026-58157-70 50714 /* Shafuka na waje */ 975431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Éric La Rocca''' mai sarrafa wasanni ne kuma manajan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] na [[Faransa]] wanda ke aiki a fagen [[wasa]] da kuma [[wasannin fama]]. Shi ne mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Faransa kan al'amuran da suka shafi wasanni. == Aiki == A cikin aikinsa na sarrafa wasannin fama, ya kafa kansa a matsayin jagora wajen haɓaka [[Kenpō]] da [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] a ƙasar Faransa, inda yake haɗin gwiwa da kungiyar ''Fédération Francophone de sport de Combat''. A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, yana aiki a cikin sarrafa wasanni na duniya a matsayin memba na hukumar [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts|GAMMA]] (Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts) kuma yana riƙe da muƙamin babban sakatare na duniya a cikin Hukumar Kimpo ta Duniya (IKF). Karkashin jagorancinsa, wadannan wasannin sun sami karɓuwa a wurin manyan ƙungiyoyin duniya kamar SportAccord da TAFISA. Ya kasance babban mai shirya gasar zakarun MMA na soja na farko a ƙasar Faransa. == Shafuka na waje == * [[Kenpō]] * [[Mixed martial arts]] * [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts]] [[Category:Manajojin wasanni na Faransa]] [[Category:Masana wasannin fama na Faransa]] qmx2xfekwpvdqk47mlkjrlotceog2ka 975432 975431 2026-11-03T03:26:54Z ~2026-58157-70 50714 975432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Éric La Rocca''' Éric La Rocca mai sarrafa wasanni ne kuma manajan wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa wanda ke aiki a fagen wasa da kuma wasannin fama. Shi ne mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Faransa kan al'amuran da suka shafi wasanni. == Aiki == A cikin aikinsa na sarrafa wasannin fama, ya kafa kansa a matsayin jagora wajen haɓaka [[Kenpō]] da [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] a ƙasar Faransa, inda yake haɗin gwiwa da kungiyar ''Fédération Francophone de sport de Combat''. A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, yana aiki a cikin sarrafa wasanni na duniya a matsayin memba na hukumar [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts|GAMMA]] (Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts) kuma yana riƙe da muƙamin babban sakatare na duniya a cikin Hukumar Kimpo ta Duniya (IKF). Karkashin jagorancinsa, wadannan wasannin sun sami karɓuwa a wurin manyan ƙungiyoyin duniya kamar SportAccord da TAFISA. Ya kasance babban mai shirya gasar zakarun MMA na soja na farko a ƙasar Faransa. == Shafuka na waje == * [[Kenpō]] * [[Mixed martial arts]] * [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts]] [[Category:Manajojin wasanni na Faransa]] [[Category:Masana wasannin fama na Faransa]] po306ktvobz28jgvst40skgvuekt6zf 975433 975432 2026-11-03T03:28:52Z ~2026-58157-70 50714 /* Aiki */ 975433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Éric La Rocca''' Éric La Rocca mai sarrafa wasanni ne kuma manajan wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa wanda ke aiki a fagen wasa da kuma wasannin fama. Shi ne mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Faransa kan al'amuran da suka shafi wasanni. == Aiki == Bayan ya yi jami'i a runduna ta musamman ta masu lafko da lafima (paratroopers) ta sojin Faransa, ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a. A cikin aikinsa na sarrafa wasannin fada, ya kafa kansa a matsayin jagora wajen haɓaka [[Kenpō]] da [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] a ƙasar Faransa, inda yake haɗin gwiwa da kungiyar ''Fédération Francophone de sport de Combat''. A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, yana aiki a cikin sarrafa wasanni na duniya a matsayin memba na hukumar [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts|GAMMA]] (Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts) kuma yana riƙe da muƙamin babban sakatare na duniya a cikin Hukumar Kimpo ta Duniya (IKF). Karkashin jagorancinsa, wadannan wasannin sun sami karɓuwa a wurin manyan ƙungiyoyin duniya kamar SportAccord da TAFISA. Ya kasance babban mai shirya gasar zakarun MMA na soja na farko a ƙasar Faransa. == Shafuka na waje == * [[Kenpō]] * [[Mixed martial arts]] * [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts]] [[Category:Manajojin wasanni na Faransa]] [[Category:Masana wasannin fama na Faransa]] 4k9lnn63luj50qlqhyk6lo4lx4jdupv 975434 975433 2026-11-03T03:30:43Z ~2026-58157-70 50714 /* Aiki */ 975434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Éric La Rocca''' Éric La Rocca mai sarrafa wasanni ne kuma manajan wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa wanda ke aiki a fagen wasa da kuma wasannin fama. Shi ne mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Faransa kan al'amuran da suka shafi wasanni. == Aiki == Bayan ya yi jami'i a runduna ta musamman ta masu lafko da lafima (paratroopers) ta sojin Faransa, ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a. A cikin aikinsa na sarrafa wasannin fada, ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin jagora wajen bunkasa wasannin Kenpō da MMA a kasar Faransa, kuma shi ne Shugaban kwamitin Fédération Francophone de sport de Combat. A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, yana aiki a cikin sarrafa wasanni na duniya a matsayin memba na hukumar [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts|GAMMA]] (Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts) kuma yana riƙe da muƙamin babban sakatare na duniya a cikin Hukumar Kimpo ta Duniya (IKF). Karkashin jagorancinsa, wadannan wasannin sun sami karɓuwa a wurin manyan ƙungiyoyin duniya kamar SportAccord da TAFISA. Ya kasance babban mai shirya gasar zakarun MMA na soja na farko a ƙasar Faransa. == Shafuka na waje == * [[Kenpō]] * [[Mixed martial arts]] * [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts]] [[Category:Manajojin wasanni na Faransa]] [[Category:Masana wasannin fama na Faransa]] 1lpvv8vcatuo7ukhoxiiotpkkygno5c 975435 975434 2026-11-03T03:31:34Z ~2026-58157-70 50714 /* Aiki */ 975435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Éric La Rocca''' Éric La Rocca mai sarrafa wasanni ne kuma manajan wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa wanda ke aiki a fagen wasa da kuma wasannin fama. Shi ne mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Faransa kan al'amuran da suka shafi wasanni. == Aiki == Bayan ya yi jami'i a runduna ta musamman ta masu lafko da lafima (paratroopers) ta sojin Faransa, ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a. A cikin aikinsa na sarrafa wasannin fada, ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin jagora wajen bunkasa wasannin Kenpō da MMA a kasar Faransa, kuma shi ne Shugaban kwamitin "Francophonie en sport de Combat". A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, yana aiki a cikin sarrafa wasanni na duniya a matsayin memba na hukumar [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts|GAMMA]] (Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts) kuma yana riƙe da muƙamin babban sakatare na duniya a cikin Hukumar Kimpo ta Duniya (IKF). Karkashin jagorancinsa, wadannan wasannin sun sami karɓuwa a wurin manyan ƙungiyoyin duniya kamar SportAccord da TAFISA. Ya kasance babban mai shirya gasar zakarun MMA na soja na farko a ƙasar Faransa. == Shafuka na waje == * [[Kenpō]] * [[Mixed martial arts]] * [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts]] [[Category:Manajojin wasanni na Faransa]] [[Category:Masana wasannin fama na Faransa]] 0m2177b39nq1gc1d0v83xkozq4nflhu 975436 975435 2026-11-03T03:32:27Z ~2026-58157-70 50714 /* Aiki */ 975436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Éric La Rocca''' Éric La Rocca mai sarrafa wasanni ne kuma manajan wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa wanda ke aiki a fagen wasa da kuma wasannin fama. Shi ne mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Faransa kan al'amuran da suka shafi wasanni. == Aiki == Bayan ya yi jami'i a runduna ta musamman ta masu lafko da lafima (paratroopers) ta sojin Faransa, ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a. A cikin aikinsa na sarrafa wasannin fada, ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin jagora wajen bunkasa wasannin Kenpō da MMA a kasar Faransa, kuma shi ne Shugaban kwamitin "Francophonie en sport de Combat". A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, yana aiki a cikin sarrafa wasanni na duniya a matsayin memba [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts|GAMMA]] (Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts) kuma yana riƙe da muƙamin babban sakatare na duniya a cikin Hukumar Kimpo ta Duniya (IKF). Karkashin jagorancinsa, wadannan wasannin sun sami karɓuwa a wurin manyan ƙungiyoyin duniya kamar SportAccord da TAFISA. Ya kasance babban mai shirya gasar zakarun MMA na soja na farko a ƙasar Faransa. == Shafuka na waje == * [[Kenpō]] * [[Mixed martial arts]] * [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts]] [[Category:Manajojin wasanni na Faransa]] [[Category:Masana wasannin fama na Faransa]] 3oc4byziaegf2qpg7e7t8t0xo50ky1w 975437 975436 2026-11-03T03:35:29Z ~2026-58157-70 50714 975437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Éric La Rocca''' tsohon kwararren dan wasan fada ne na kasar Faransa, wanda a halin yanzu yake matsayin jami'in gudanarwar wasanni na kasa da kasa. Shi ne mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Faransa kan al'amuran da suka shafi wasanni. == Aiki == Bayan ya yi jami'i a runduna ta musamman ta masu lafko da lafima (paratroopers) ta sojin Faransa, ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a. A cikin aikinsa na sarrafa wasannin fada, ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin jagora wajen bunkasa wasannin Kenpō da MMA a kasar Faransa, kuma shi ne Shugaban kwamitin "Francophonie en sport de Combat". A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, yana aiki a cikin sarrafa wasanni na duniya a matsayin memba [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts|GAMMA]] (Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts) kuma yana riƙe da muƙamin babban sakatare na duniya a cikin Hukumar Kimpo ta Duniya (IKF). Karkashin jagorancinsa, wadannan wasannin sun sami karɓuwa a wurin manyan ƙungiyoyin duniya kamar SportAccord da TAFISA. Ya kasance babban mai shirya gasar zakarun MMA na soja na farko a ƙasar Faransa. == Shafuka na waje == * [[Kenpō]] * [[Mixed martial arts]] * [[Global Association of Mixed Martial Arts]] [[Category:Manajojin wasanni na Faransa]] [[Category:Masana wasannin fama na Faransa]] 9skxhl8y04slw2gmrctg8cd02nuh4ag 0 180555 975456 2026-11-03T04:56:37Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373147748|Dmitry Bakanov]]" 975456 wikitext text/x-wiki   Dmitry Vladimirovich Bakanov (Rasha: Дми́трий Влади́мирович Бака́нов, 7 Oktoba 1985) masanin tattalin arziki ne na Rasha wanda ya kasance Babban Darakta na Roscosmos, hukumar sararin samaniya ta Rasha, tun daga shekarar 2025. Kafin haka, shi ne mataimakin ministan sufuri daga 2022 zuwa 2025 kuma shugaban Gonets daga 2011 zuwa 2019. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Bakanov a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1985 a Leninsk (yanzu Baikonur), Jamhuriyar Socialist ta Kazakh, gidan Baikonur Cosmodrome, wurin kaddamar da mutum na farko na Tarayyar Soviet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2025 |title=Dmitry Bakanov replaces Yury Borisov as Roscosmos CEO - Kremlin |url=https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/109618/ |website=[[Interfax]]}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu a 2007 daga Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki ta Jihar Saint Petersburg tare da digiri a fannin tattalin arziki.Daga shekara ta 2006, ya yi aiki a bankunan da yawa a matsayin mai nazarin kudi da mai binciken kudi.A shekara ta 2008 ya yi aiki a kamfanin Sitronics a sashen binciken ciki kafin ya koma sashen sayarwa.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2025 |title=Биография Дмитрия Баканова |url=https://ria.ru/20250206/bakanov-1997667068.html |website=[[RIA Novosti]] |language=ru}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2011 ya zama shugaban Gonets, wani kamfanin sarrafa tauraron dan adam, kuma a watan Oktoba na 2016 ya zama darakta, inda ya ci gaba da wannan mukamin har zuwa watan Mayu na 2019. Tun daga watan Agusta na 2019, Bakanov ya fara aiki a Ma'aikatar Sufuri a mukamai da dama. A ranar 26 ga Afrilu na 2022 aka nada shi Mataimakin Ministan Sufuri. A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu na 2025, an nada Bakanov a matsayin Babban Darakta na Roscosmos, hukumar kula da sararin samaniya ta Rasha.<ref name="Bio" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gwa0s2q61pdb9mnmqkne15ovg7pqitf 975457 975456 2026-11-03T04:57:21Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 975457 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Dmitry Vladimirovich Bakanov (Rasha: Дми́трий Влади́мирович Бака́нов, 7 Oktoba 1985) masanin tattalin arziki ne na Rasha wanda ya kasance Babban Darakta na Roscosmos, hukumar sararin samaniya ta Rasha, tun daga shekarar 2025. Kafin haka, shi ne mataimakin ministan sufuri daga 2022 zuwa 2025 kuma shugaban Gonets daga 2011 zuwa 2019. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Bakanov a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1985 a Leninsk (yanzu Baikonur), Jamhuriyar Socialist ta Kazakh, gidan Baikonur Cosmodrome, wurin kaddamar da mutum na farko na Tarayyar Soviet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2025 |title=Dmitry Bakanov replaces Yury Borisov as Roscosmos CEO - Kremlin |url=https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/109618/ |website=[[Interfax]]}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu a 2007 daga Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki ta Jihar Saint Petersburg tare da digiri a fannin tattalin arziki.Daga shekara ta 2006, ya yi aiki a bankunan da yawa a matsayin mai nazarin kudi da mai binciken kudi.A shekara ta 2008 ya yi aiki a kamfanin Sitronics a sashen binciken ciki kafin ya koma sashen sayarwa.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2025 |title=Биография Дмитрия Баканова |url=https://ria.ru/20250206/bakanov-1997667068.html |website=[[RIA Novosti]] |language=ru}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2011 ya zama shugaban Gonets, wani kamfanin sarrafa tauraron dan adam, kuma a watan Oktoba na 2016 ya zama darakta, inda ya ci gaba da wannan mukamin har zuwa watan Mayu na 2019. Tun daga watan Agusta na 2019, Bakanov ya fara aiki a Ma'aikatar Sufuri a mukamai da dama. A ranar 26 ga Afrilu na 2022 aka nada shi Mataimakin Ministan Sufuri. A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu na 2025, an nada Bakanov a matsayin Babban Darakta na Roscosmos, hukumar kula da sararin samaniya ta Rasha.<ref name="Bio" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] cy4boeebs0y27no9jevtvpiwiyhw3mi 0 180556 975460 2026-11-03T05:14:38Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382635993|Callum Voisin]]" 975460 wikitext text/x-wiki   Callum Voisin (/ˈvɔɪzən/ VOY-zən; an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Maris 2006) direban tsere ne na Burtaniya-Swiss wanda a halin yanzu yake fafatawa a gasar cin kofin Porsche Carrera GB don Century Motorsport da kuma gasar cin kofin Porsche Carrera Italia don Ombra Racing. Voisin ya fi yin gasa a FIA Formula 3 don Rodin Motorsport a 2024 da 2025, kuma ya kasance zakaran GB3 na 2023. == Ayyukan tseren yara == === Gasar Cin Kofin Ginetta Junior === Voisin ya fara aikinsa na tseren mota yana da shekaru 15 a Ginetta Junior Championship a R Racing . === Gasar GB3 === ==== 2022 ==== [[File:Callum_Voisin_GB3.jpg|left|thumb|Voisin yana tuki a gasar zakarun GB3 ta 2022.]] A cikin 2022, Voisin ya ci gaba zuwa Gasar GB3 tare da Carlin, tare da Javier Sagrera da Roberto Faria. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Callum Voisin joins Carlin for GB3 - automobilsport.com |url=https://www.automobilsport.com/callum-voisin-joins-carlin-gb3---231107.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725193338/https://www.automobilsport.com/callum-voisin-joins-carlin-gb3---231107.html |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=www.automobilsport.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Ida |date=11 November 2022 |title=Ginetta Junior race-winner Callum Voisin signs with Carlin for GB3 |url=https://formulascout.com/ginetta-junior-race-winner-callum-voison-signs-with-carlin-for-gb3/86532 |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=Formula Scout |language=en}}</ref> Bayan ya fara da zagaye mai ban mamaki a Oulton Park, Voisin zai zira kwallaye biyar na farko a taron na gaba a Silverstone, kafin ya ɗanɗana nasara a karo na farko a cikin kujerun guda ɗaya, ya lashe Race 1 a Donington.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlin's Voisin victorious at Donington Park - automobilsport.com |url=https://www.automobilsport.com/carlin-callum-voisin-win-gb3-donington---238129.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004173537/https://www.automobilsport.com/carlin-callum-voisin-win-gb3-donington---238129.html |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=www.automobilsport.com}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da burgewa a zagaye na gaba, wanda aka gudanar a Snetterton Circuit, inda ya sake samun nasara bayan ya dauki matsayi na farko a jerin. Wani dandamali ya zo a tseren 3 a Spa-Francorchamps, inda, bayan an ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar, dokar ja ta hana Voisin matsayi na farko, inda aka bai wa Tommy Smith nasara maimakon haka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Callander |first=Michael |date=24 July 2022 |title=Voisin takes third GB3 win in shortened Race 3 at Spa |url=https://www.thecheckeredflag.co.uk/2022/07/voisin-takes-third-gb3-win-in-shortened-race-3-at-spa/ |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=The Checkered Flag |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amended Race Three Result – Smith Declared Winner |url=https://www.gb-3.net/news/2022/amended-race-three-result-smith-declared-winner |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=www.gb-3.net}}</ref> A mako mai zuwa, Voisin ya zira kwallaye biyu, wanda, duk da cewa ya kasa canza su zuwa nasara, ya samar da wurare biyu na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Granfors Storms to Second Win of the Year in Silverstone Race One |url=https://www.gb-3.net/news/2022/silverstone-race-one-report |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=www.gb-3.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Silverstone Race Two Penalty Update – Lebbon Reinstated as Winner |url=https://www.gb-3.net/news/2022/silverstone-race-two-penalty-update-lebbon-reinstated-as-winner |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=www.gb-3.net}}</ref> Voisin ya ƙare kakar wasa ta hanyar samun wata nasara a Donington Park, wanda ya bar shi na huɗu a cikin jimlar gaba ɗaya, a gaban abokan aikinsa biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2022 |title=Voisin wins at Donington as Browning extends GB3 points lead |url=https://formulascout.com/voisin-wins-at-donington-as-browning-extends-gb3-points-lead/99798 |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=Formula Scout}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Voisin Claims Third Win of the Year as Browning Takes Title Race Advantage |url=https://www.gb-3.net/news/2022/oct/15/donington-decider-race-one-report |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=www.gb-3.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitfield |first=Steve |date=10 December 2022 |title=Scout Report: Callum Voisin |url=https://formulascout.com/scout-report-callum-voisin/101637 |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bugu da kari, Voisin ya lashe kofin Jack Cavill Pole Position Cup don tara mafi yawan matsayi a duk lokacin yakin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Voisin's Verdict: 2022 Season Review |url=https://www.gb-3.net/news/2022/nov/7/voisins-verdict-2022-season-review |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=www.gb-3.net}}</ref> A ƙarshen 2022, Voisin na cikin 'yan takara goma na ƙarshe don Kyautar Aston Martin Autosport BRDC . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Turner |first=Kevin |date=4 August 2022 |title=Final 10 contenders revealed for 2022 Aston Martin Autosport BRDC Young Driver Award |url=https://www.motorsport.com/autosport-awards/news/final-10-contenders-revealed-for-2022-aston-martin-autosport-brdc-young-driver-award/10348395/ |access-date=12 September 2026 |website=[[Motorsport.com]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]]}}</ref> ==== 2023 ==== Voisin ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Rodin Carlin da aka sake masa suna don Gasar GB3 ta 2023, tare da haɗin gwiwa da John Bennett da Costa Toparis.[ Yayin da Joseph Loake na JHR da kuma Alex Dunne na Hitech daga baya suka jagoranci gasar da wuri, Voisin ya ci gaba da fafatawa da manyan dandamali na tsere na yau da kullun - ciki har da biyu kowannensu a Oulton Park and Spa. Ya kai saman matsayi a zagaye na 5, kuma ya zira kwallaye na farko a kakar wasa da kuma wani dandamali mai ninka biyu a karshen mako a Brands Hatch. Da maki biyu, nasara da matsayi na biyu a gasar Donington, Voisin ya lashe kambun GB3 da maki 18 daga Dunne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brabner |first=George |date=31 October 2023 |title=Voisin crowned 2023 GB3 champion: How the season finale unfolded on the ground |url=https://feederseries.net/2023/10/31/voisin-crowned-2023-gb3-champion-how-the-season-finale-unfolded-on-the-ground/ |access-date=12 September 2026 |website=Feeder Series}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitfield |first=Steve |date=9 November 2023 |title=How Voisin emerged victorious in GB3's closest title fight |url=https://www.autosport.com/national/news/how-voisin-emerged-victorious-in-gb3s-closest-title-fight/10544500/ |access-date=12 September 2026 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2023 |title=Voisin "over the moon" with GB3 title |url=https://www.donington-park.co.uk/news/2023/oct/22/voisin-over-the-moon-with-gb3-title |access-date=12 September 2026 |website=[[Donington Park]] |publisher=[[MotorSport Vision]]}}</ref> A ƙarshen 2023, Voisin ya kasance dan wasan karshe a cikin Kyautar Aston Martin Autosport BRDC, tare da F3 rookie Taylor Barnard, GB3 title rival Loake, da kuma F4 driver Arvid Lindblad . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Turner |first=Kevin |date=4 August 2022 |title=Final 10 contenders revealed for 2022 Aston Martin Autosport BRDC Young Driver Award |url=https://www.autosport.com/autosport-awards/news/final-10-contenders-revealed-for-2022-aston-martin-autosport-brdc-young-driver-award/10348259/ |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=[[Autosport.com]]}}</ref> Loake ya lashe harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2023 |title=Joseph Loake wins the 2023 Aston Martin AUTOSPORT BRDC Young Driver of the Year Award |url=https://www.astonmartin.com/en/our-world/news/2023/12/4/joseph-loake-wins-the-2023-aston-martin-autosport-brdc-young-driver-of-the-year-award |access-date=12 September 2026 |website=[[Aston Martin]]}}</ref> ==== 2024 ==== Voisin ya koma Gasar Zakarun GB3 ta 2024 don zagaye na karshe a Brands Hatch tare da Rodin Motorsport . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitfield |first=Steve |date=24 September 2024 |title=Rodin's Voisin makes surprise GB3 return, Mills to debut with CDR |url=https://formulascout.com/rodins-voisin-makes-surprise-gb3-return-mills-to-debut-with-cdr/124124 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Gasar Cin Kofin USF === A ƙarshen Oktoba 2022, Voisin ya shiga cikin gwajin USF Pro 2000 Championship a Indianapolis Motor Speedway tare da Jay Howard Driver Development . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Largest Field Entered for USF Pro Fall Combine Open Test |url=https://www.usfpro2000.com/news/largest-field-entered-for-usf-pro-fall-combine-open-test |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=www.usfpro2000.com}}</ref> === Gasar FIA ta Formula 3 === ==== 2024 ==== [[File:FIA_F3_Austria_2024_Nr._29_Voisin.jpg|thumb|Voisin yana tuka Dallara F3 2019 a lokacin zagaye na 2024 na Spielberg Formula 32024 Spielberg Formula 3 zagaye]] Bayan ya lashe Gasar GB3, an kara Voisin zuwa FIA Formula 3 a shekarar 2024, ya kasance tare da Rodin Carlin, yanzu an sake masa suna Rodin Motorsport . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Rodin Carlin confirms Callum Voisin as first signing for 2024 season |url=https://www.fiaformula3.com/Latest/2tRhKeqjKxt1Tpo7X4IYL2/rodin-carlin-confirms-callum-voisin-as-first-signing-for-2024-season |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=FIA_Formula 3® - The Official F3® Website |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-09 |title=Rodin team renamed after Carlin departure |url=https://www.autosport.com/formula2/news/rodin-team-renamed-after-carlin-departure/10564025/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=www.autosport.com |language=en}}</ref> Voisin ya sami matsayi na farko a cikin jerin a tseren fasalin Formula 3 na Silverstone.Da farko an shirya shi don lashe tseren, amma hukuncin kisa na goma ya sa shi zuwa na uku, tare da Arvid Lindblad ya gaji nasarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waring |first=Bethonie |date=7 July 2024 |title=Lindblad wins crazy wet-dry F3 feature race after Voisin is penalised |url=https://formulascout.com/fia-f3-results/121088 |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-US}}</ref> A lokacin tseren fasalin Spa-Francorchamps, Voisin ya sami babban slam; ya sami damar samun nasarar budurwarsa, Matsayi na sanda, da kuma saurin sauri a cikin jerin.Bugu da ƙari, ya ci gaba da jagorantar a farkon kowane zagaye a lokacin tseren.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spadi |first=Daniele |date=31 July 2024 |title=Voisin and Montoya shine as championship battle ignites: F3 Spa recap |url=https://feederseries.net/2024/07/31/voisin-and-montoya-shine-as-championship-battle-ignites-f3-spa-recap/ |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=Feeder Series |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gascoigne |first=Roger |date=28 July 2024 |title=F3 Spa winner Voisin: "There's still more to come. This isn't us at 100%" |url=https://formulascout.com/f3-spa-winner-voisin-theres-still-more-to-come-this-isnt-us-at-100/122160 |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce nasarar farko ta Rodin a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waring |first=Bethonie |date=28 July 2024 |title=Voisin wins, Fornaroli takes F3 points lead and Prema clinch title at Spa |url=https://formulascout.com/voisin-wins-fornaroli-takes-f3-points-lead-and-prema-clinch-title-at-spa/122168 |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya gama kakar a matsayi na 12 gabaɗaya tare da maki 67.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Turner |first=Tori |date=2025-05-13 |title=Voisin 'looking forward to more success' after strong start to F3 season |url=https://feederseries.net/2025/05/13/rodins-voisin-looking-forward-to-more-success-after-strong-start-to-f3-season/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Feeder Series |language=en}}</ref> ==== 2025 ==== [[File:FIA_F3_Austria_2025_Nr._23_Voisin.jpg|thumb|Voisin yana tuka Dallara F3 2025 a lokacin zagaye na Formula 3 na Spielberg na 2025.]] Voisin ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Rodin Motorsport don Gasar Cin Kofin Fomula ta 3 ta FIA ta 2025 tare da abokin wasansa Roman Biliński da kuma zakaran GB3 Louis Sharp. Karshen makon farko a Melbourne ya kasance da wahala, inda Voisin ya zo na tara a tseren amma ya yi ritaya daga tseren siffofi bayan wani lamari da ya faru da Nikola Tsolov. Daga nan ya hau kan mumbarinsa na farko a kakar wasa a Bahrain, inda ya zo na biyu a tseren siffofi, wanda ya sanya shi na uku a jimillar.<ref name=":0" /> .<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Spadi |first=Daniele |date=2025-06-25 |title=F3’s Voisin: ‘You need to be the best at adapting – that’s what makes a good driver’ |url=https://feederseries.net/2025/06/25/f3s-voisin-you-need-to-be-the-best-at-adapting-thats-what-makes-a-good-driver/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Feeder Series |language=en}}</ref> === Tsarin E === A watan Yulin 2025, Voisin ya gwada motar Formula E a karo na farko a Filin jirgin saman Tempelhof, yana tuki don Cupra Kiro a lokacin gwajin Formula E Berlin tare da Bianca Bustamante, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2025 |title=Callum Voisin to drive for CUPRA KIRO in Berlin Rookie Test |url=https://kiroraceco.com/latest/callum-voisin-to-drive-for-cupra-kiro-in-berlin-rookie-test |access-date=2 July 2025 |website=[[Kiro Race Co]] |language=en}}</ref> ya zama na huɗu a zaman rana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2025 |title=Bianca Bustamante and Callum Voisin debut for CUPRA KIRO in Berlin |url=https://kiroraceco.com/latest/bianca-bustamante-and-callum-voisin-debut-for-cupra-kiro-in-berlin |access-date=31 July 2025 |website=[[Kiro Race Co]] |language=en}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa a watan Maris, ya tuka Andretti a lokacin gwajin rookie na Madrid ePrix . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2026 |title=Slater and Voisin join Andretti for Madrid Rookie Test |url=https://fiaformulae.com/en/news/1005719/slater-and-voisin-join-andretti-for-madrid-rookie-test |access-date=20 March 2026 |website=The Official Home of Formula E. |language=en}}</ref> A kakar 2026-27, an sanar da Voisin a matsayin direban ci gaba na Andretti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2026 |title=Callum Voisin Joins Andretti Formula E as Official Development Driver |url=https://andrettiglobal.com/news/2026/10/callum-voisin-joins-andretti-as-official-development-driver/ |access-date=29 October 2026 |website=[[Andretti Global]] |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan motsa jiki == [[File:Callum_Voisin_Porsche_Carrera_Cup_GB_Thruxton_2026_-_1.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Gasar murya a filin wasa na Thruxton a cikin 2026]] A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, an zabi Voisin a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasan karshe don zama Porsche Carrera Cup na gaba na Burtaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2025 |title=BTCC and FIA F3 race winners among Porsche Carrera Cup GB Junior finalists |url=https://www.msn.com/en-sg/news/other/btcc-and-fia-f3-race-winners-among-porsche-carrera-cup-gb-junior-finalists/ar-AA1O5l9c |access-date=10 October 2025 |website= |language=en}}</ref> === 2026 === An zaɓi Voisin a matsayin Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain junior don kakar 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2025 |title=Callum Voisin named RAFA Racing Club Porsche Carrera Cup GB Junior for 2026 and 2027 |url=https://racing.porsche.com/en-GB/articles/2026-27-junior-announcement |access-date=24 November 2025 |website=[[Porsche]] |language=en}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubucen wasan kwaikwayo == === Takaitaccen Bayani na Ayyukan Karting === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center" !Lokacin !Jerin !Kungiyar !Matsayi |- ! rowspan="5" |2019 | align="left" |Kartmasters Grand Prix na Burtaniya - X30 Mini | rowspan="5" align="left" |Gasar Coles |Na 8th |- | align="left" |Gasar Cin Kofin Burtaniya - Rotax Mini Max |Na huɗu |- | align="left" |BNL Karting Series - Junior Max |Na 16 |- | align="left" |Rotax Max Challenge International Trophy - Junior Max |Na 34 |- | align="left" |Rotax Max Challenge Grand Finals - Mini Max |Na 27 |- ! rowspan="3" |2020 | align="left" |Rotax Max Kofin Yuro na Winter - Junior | rowspan="3" align="left" |Gasar Coles |Na biyar |- | align="left" |Kartmasters Grand Prix na Burtaniya - Rotax Junior |18th |- | align="left" |Gasar Cin Kofin Burtaniya - Rotax Junior | style="background:#ffdf9f" |'''Na uku''' |} === Takaitaccen Bayani na Ayyukan Tsere === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center;" !Lokacin !Jerin !Kungiyar !Tseren !Nasara !Yaren mutanen Poland !F / Laps !Wasanni !Abubuwa !Matsayi |- !2021 | style="text-align:left;" |Gasar Cin Kofin Ginetta Junior | style="text-align:left;" |R R R R Racing |25 |7 |3 |6 |11 |415 |Na 6 |- !2022 | style="text-align:left;" |Gasar GB3 | style="text-align:left;" |Carlin |24 |3 |5 |4 |6 |359 |Na huɗu |- !2023 | style="text-align:left;" |Gasar GB3 | style="text-align:left;" |Rodin Carlin |23 |2 |6 |1 |11 |484 | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''Na farko''' |- ! rowspan="2" |2024 | style="text-align:left;" |Gasar FIA ta Formula 3 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |Rodin Motorsport |20 |1 |1 |1 |2 |67 |Na 12 |- | style="text-align:left;" |Gasar GB3 |3 |0 |0 |1 |1 |40 |Na 24 |- !2025 | nowrap="" style="text-align:left;" |Gasar FIA ta Formula 3 | nowrap="" style="text-align:left;" |Rodin Motorsport |19 |0 |0 |0 |1 |52 | style="background:#;" |Na 14 |- !2025–26 | style="text-align: left;" |Asian Le Mans Series - LMP3 | style="text-align: left;" |Gasar Tsaro ta Sama |6 |0 |1 |0 |1 |54 |Na 8th |- ! rowspan="3" |2026 | style="text-align: left;" |Porsche Carrera Cup Burtaniya - Pro | style="text-align: left;" |Wasanni na Motar ƙarni |6 |4 |1 |1 |6 |63 |Na farko* |- | style="text-align: left;" |Porsche Carrera Cup Italiya | style="text-align: left;" |Gasar Ombra |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |7 |Na 16* |- | style="text-align: left;" |Kofin Mans - LMP3 | style="text-align: left;" |Gasar Inter Europol |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |6 |Na 21 |- !2026–27 | align="left" |Tsarin E | align="left" |Andretti Formula E | colspan="7" |Direban ci gaba |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Lokacin har yanzu yana ci gaba. === Cikakken sakamakon Gasar Cin Kofin Ginetta Junior === (maɓalli) (Races in '''bold''' nuna matsayi na sanda) (Race in italics nuna mafi sauri lap) {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%;" !Shekara !Kungiyar !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 !6 !7 !8 !9 !10 !11 !12 !13 !14 !15 !16 !17 !18 !19 !20 !21 !22 !23 !24 !25 !26 !DC !Abubuwa |- |2021 ! nowrap="" |R R R R Racing | style="background:#dfffdf;" |THR1<nowiki><br id="mwAgQ"></nowiki><br />{{Small|5}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |THR2<nowiki><br id="mwAgk"></nowiki><br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |''SNE1<nowiki><br id="mwAg8"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF;" |<nowiki><span id="mwAhQ" style="color:#FFFFFF;">SNE2<br id="mwAhU"></nowiki><nowiki></span></nowiki><br />{{Small|DSQ}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |SNE3<nowiki><br id="mwAho"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |'''''BHI1<nowiki><br id="mwAiE"></nowiki>'''''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |'''BHI2<nowiki><br id="mwAic"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |''BHI3<nowiki><br id="mwAi0"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |OUL1<nowiki><br id="mwAjI"></nowiki><br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#ffffff;" |OUL2<nowiki><br id="mwAjc"></nowiki><br />{{Small|C}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |KNO1<nowiki><br id="mwAjw"></nowiki><br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |KNO2<nowiki><br id="mwAkE"></nowiki><br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#ffdf9f;" |KNO3<nowiki><br id="mwAkY"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |''KNO4<nowiki><br id="mwAkw"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|5}} | style="background:#cfcfff;" |'''THR1<nowiki><br id="mwAlI"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|22}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |THR2<nowiki><br id="mwAlc"></nowiki><br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#dfdfdf;" |'''''THR3<nowiki><br id="mwAl4"></nowiki>'''''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#cfcfff;" |SIL1<nowiki><br id="mwAmM"></nowiki><br />{{Small|22}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |SIL2<nowiki><br id="mwAmg"></nowiki><br />{{Small|15}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |SIL3<nowiki><br id="mwAm0"></nowiki><br />{{Small|6}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |DON1<nowiki><br id="mwAnI"></nowiki><br />{{Small|13}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |''DON2<nowiki><br id="mwAng"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|7}} | style="background:#ffdf9f;" |DON3<nowiki><br id="mwAn0"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#ffdf9f;" |BHGP1<nowiki><br id="mwAoI"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#cfcfff;" |BHGP2<nowiki><br id="mwAoc"></nowiki><br />{{Small|21}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |BHGP3<nowiki><br id="mwAow"></nowiki><br />{{Small|13}} !Na 6 !415 |} === Cikakken sakamakon gasar cin kofin GB3 === (maɓalli) (Races in '''bold''' nuna matsayi na sanda) (Race in italics nuna mafi sauri lap) {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%;" !Shekara !Kungiyar !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 !6 !7 !8 !9 !10 !11 !12 !13 !14 !15 !16 !17 !18 !19 !20 !21 !22 !23 !24 !DC !Abubuwa |- |2022 ! nowrap="" |Carlin | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |OUL1<nowiki><br id="mwArw"></nowiki><br />{{Small|20}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |OUL2<nowiki><br id="mwAsE"></nowiki><br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |OUL3<nowiki><br id="mwAsY"></nowiki><br />{{Small|13²}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SIL11<nowiki><br id="mwAss"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SIL12<nowiki><br id="mwAtA"></nowiki><br />{{Small|5}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |''SIL13<nowiki><br id="mwAtY"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|8³}} | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |DON11<nowiki><br id="mwAts"></nowiki><br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |DON12<nowiki><br id="mwAuA"></nowiki><br />{{Small|7}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |DON13<nowiki><br id="mwAuU"></nowiki><br />{{Small|6¹³}} | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''SNE1<nowiki><br id="mwAus"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |SNE2<nowiki><br id="mwAvA"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |SNE3<nowiki><br id="mwAvU"></nowiki><br />{{Small|17⁵}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SPA1<nowiki><br id="mwAvo"></nowiki><br />{{Small|8}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SPA2<nowiki><br id="mwAv8"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |''SPA3<nowiki><br id="mwAwU"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|2³}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''''SIL21<nowiki><br id="mwAww"></nowiki>'''''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''''SIL22<nowiki><br id="mwAxM"></nowiki>'''''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SIL23<nowiki><br id="mwAxg"></nowiki><br />{{Small|4¹⁵}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRH1<nowiki><br id="mwAx0"></nowiki><br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRH2<nowiki><br id="mwAyI"></nowiki><br />{{Small|13}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |BRH3<nowiki><br id="mwAyc"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''DON21<nowiki><br id="mwAy0"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |'''DON22<nowiki><br id="mwAzM"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |DON23<nowiki><br id="mwAzg"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} !Na huɗu !359 |- |2023 ! nowrap="" |Rodin Carlin | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |OUL1<nowiki><br id="mwA0Q"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |''OUL2<nowiki><br id="mwA0o"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |OUL3<nowiki><br id="mwA08"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SIL11<nowiki><br id="mwA1Q"></nowiki><br />{{Small|6}} | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |SIL12<nowiki><br id="mwA1k"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SIL13<nowiki><br id="mwA14"></nowiki><br />{{Small|4⁸}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''SPA1<nowiki><br id="mwA2Q"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''SPA2<nowiki><br id="mwA2o"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SPA3<nowiki><br id="mwA28"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10¹⁵}} | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |SNE1<nowiki><br id="mwA3Q"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |'''SNE2<nowiki><br id="mwA3o"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SNE3<nowiki><br id="mwA38"></nowiki><br />{{Small|11¹²}} | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |SIL21<nowiki><br id="mwA4Q"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SIL22<nowiki><br id="mwA4k"></nowiki><br />{{Small|5}} | style="background:#FFFFFF;" |SIL23<nowiki><br id="mwA44"></nowiki><br />{{Small|C}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |BRH1<nowiki><br id="mwA5M"></nowiki><br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''BRH2<nowiki><br id="mwA5k"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRH3<nowiki><br id="mwA54"></nowiki><br />{{Small|14⁹}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ZAN1<nowiki><br id="mwA6M"></nowiki><br />{{Small|7}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ZAN2<nowiki><br id="mwA6g"></nowiki><br />{{Small|6}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ZAN3<nowiki><br id="mwA60"></nowiki><br />{{Small|5¹⁰}} | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''DON1<nowiki><br id="mwA7M"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''DON2<nowiki><br id="mwA7k"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |DON3<nowiki><br id="mwA74"></nowiki><br />{{Small|12¹⁰}} ! style="background:#FFFFBF;" |Na farko ! style="background:#FFFFBF;" |484 |- |2024 ! nowrap="" |Rodin Motorsport |OUL1<nowiki><br id="mwA8o"></nowiki> |OUL2<nowiki><br id="mwA80"></nowiki> |OUL3<nowiki><br id="mwA9A"></nowiki> |SIL11<nowiki><br id="mwA9M"></nowiki> |SIL12<nowiki><br id="mwA9Y"></nowiki> |SIL13<nowiki><br id="mwA9k"></nowiki> |SPA1<nowiki><br id="mwA9w"></nowiki> |SPA2<nowiki><br id="mwA98"></nowiki> |SPA3<nowiki><br id="mwA-I"></nowiki> |HUN1<nowiki><br id="mwA-U"></nowiki> |HUN2<nowiki><br id="mwA-g"></nowiki> |HUN3<nowiki><br id="mwA-s"></nowiki> |ZAN1<nowiki><br id="mwA-4"></nowiki> |ZAN2<nowiki><br id="mwA_E"></nowiki> |ZAN3<nowiki><br id="mwA_Q"></nowiki> |SIL21<nowiki><br id="mwA_c"></nowiki> |SIL22<nowiki><br id="mwA_o"></nowiki> |SIL23<nowiki><br id="mwA_0"></nowiki> |DON1<nowiki><br id="mwBAA"></nowiki> |DON2<nowiki><br id="mwBAM"></nowiki> |DON3<nowiki><br id="mwBAY"></nowiki> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRH1<nowiki><br id="mwBAk"></nowiki><br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRH2<nowiki><br id="mwBA4"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |BRH3<nowiki><br id="mwBBM"></nowiki><br />{{Small|2}} !Na 24 !40 |} === Cikakken sakamakon gasar cin kofin Formula 3 na FIA === (maɓalli) (Races in '''bold''' nuna matsayi na sanda) (Race in italics nuna mafi sauri lap) {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%;" !Shekara !Mai shiga !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 !6 !7 !8 !9 !10 !11 !12 !13 !14 !15 !16 !17 !18 !19 !20 !DC !Abubuwa |- |2024 ! nowrap="" |Rodin Motorsport | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |BHRSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBD8"></nowiki><br />{{Small|17}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |BHRFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBEQ"></nowiki><br />{{Small|21}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MELSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBEk"></nowiki><br />{{Small|18}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MELFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBE4"></nowiki><br />{{Small|21}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |IMOSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBFM"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |IMOFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBFg"></nowiki><br />{{Small|29}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MONSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBF0"></nowiki><br />{{Small|12}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MONFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBGI"></nowiki><br />{{Small|13}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |CATSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBGc"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |CATFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBGw"></nowiki><br />{{Small|16}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |RBRSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBHE"></nowiki><br />{{Small|14}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |RBRFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBHY"></nowiki><br />{{Small|25}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SILSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBHs"></nowiki><br />{{Small|4}} | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |SILFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBIA"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |HUNSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBIU"></nowiki><br />{{Small|6}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |HUNFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBIo"></nowiki><br />{{Small|6}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SPASPR<nowiki><br id="mwBI8"></nowiki><br />{{Small|7}} | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''''SPAFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBJY"></nowiki>'''''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MNZSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBJs"></nowiki><br />{{Small|25}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MNZFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBKA"></nowiki><br />{{Small|22†}} !Na 12 !67 |- |2025 ! nowrap="" |Rodin Motorsport | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |MELSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBKw"></nowiki><br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |MELFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBLE"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BHRSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBLY"></nowiki><br />{{Small|4}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |BHRFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBLs"></nowiki><br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |IMOSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBMA"></nowiki><br />{{Small|26}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |IMOFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBMU"></nowiki><br />{{Small|18}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |MONSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBMo"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |MONFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBM8"></nowiki><br />{{Small|4}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |CATSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBNQ"></nowiki><br />{{Small|16}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |CATFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBNk"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |RBRSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBN4"></nowiki><br />{{Small|8}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |RBRFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBOM"></nowiki><br />{{Small|8}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |SILSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBOg"></nowiki><br />{{Small|22}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |SILFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBO0"></nowiki><br />{{Small|19}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |SPASPR<nowiki><br id="mwBPI"></nowiki><br />{{Small|17}} | style="background:#FFFFFF;" |SPAFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBPc"></nowiki><br />{{Small|C}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |HUNSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBPw"></nowiki><br />{{Small|18}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |HUNFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBQE"></nowiki><br />{{Small|15}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |MNZSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBQY"></nowiki><br />{{Small|7}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MNZFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBQs"></nowiki><br />{{Small|12}} !Na 14 !52 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gmvtjojvhhrf3hu301s3ae43znc3tym 975461 975460 2026-11-03T05:15:08Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 975461 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Callum Voisin (/ˈvɔɪzən/ VOY-zən; an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Maris 2006) direban tsere ne na Burtaniya-Swiss wanda a halin yanzu yake fafatawa a gasar cin kofin Porsche Carrera GB don Century Motorsport da kuma gasar cin kofin Porsche Carrera Italia don Ombra Racing. Voisin ya fi yin gasa a FIA Formula 3 don Rodin Motorsport a 2024 da 2025, kuma ya kasance zakaran GB3 na 2023. == Ayyukan tseren yara == === Gasar Cin Kofin Ginetta Junior === Voisin ya fara aikinsa na tseren mota yana da shekaru 15 a Ginetta Junior Championship a R Racing . === Gasar GB3 === ==== 2022 ==== [[File:Callum_Voisin_GB3.jpg|left|thumb|Voisin yana tuki a gasar zakarun GB3 ta 2022.]] A cikin 2022, Voisin ya ci gaba zuwa Gasar GB3 tare da Carlin, tare da Javier Sagrera da Roberto Faria. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Callum Voisin joins Carlin for GB3 - automobilsport.com |url=https://www.automobilsport.com/callum-voisin-joins-carlin-gb3---231107.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725193338/https://www.automobilsport.com/callum-voisin-joins-carlin-gb3---231107.html |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=www.automobilsport.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Ida |date=11 November 2022 |title=Ginetta Junior race-winner Callum Voisin signs with Carlin for GB3 |url=https://formulascout.com/ginetta-junior-race-winner-callum-voison-signs-with-carlin-for-gb3/86532 |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=Formula Scout |language=en}}</ref> Bayan ya fara da zagaye mai ban mamaki a Oulton Park, Voisin zai zira kwallaye biyar na farko a taron na gaba a Silverstone, kafin ya ɗanɗana nasara a karo na farko a cikin kujerun guda ɗaya, ya lashe Race 1 a Donington.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlin's Voisin victorious at Donington Park - automobilsport.com |url=https://www.automobilsport.com/carlin-callum-voisin-win-gb3-donington---238129.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004173537/https://www.automobilsport.com/carlin-callum-voisin-win-gb3-donington---238129.html |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=www.automobilsport.com}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da burgewa a zagaye na gaba, wanda aka gudanar a Snetterton Circuit, inda ya sake samun nasara bayan ya dauki matsayi na farko a jerin. Wani dandamali ya zo a tseren 3 a Spa-Francorchamps, inda, bayan an ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar, dokar ja ta hana Voisin matsayi na farko, inda aka bai wa Tommy Smith nasara maimakon haka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Callander |first=Michael |date=24 July 2022 |title=Voisin takes third GB3 win in shortened Race 3 at Spa |url=https://www.thecheckeredflag.co.uk/2022/07/voisin-takes-third-gb3-win-in-shortened-race-3-at-spa/ |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=The Checkered Flag |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amended Race Three Result – Smith Declared Winner |url=https://www.gb-3.net/news/2022/amended-race-three-result-smith-declared-winner |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=www.gb-3.net}}</ref> A mako mai zuwa, Voisin ya zira kwallaye biyu, wanda, duk da cewa ya kasa canza su zuwa nasara, ya samar da wurare biyu na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Granfors Storms to Second Win of the Year in Silverstone Race One |url=https://www.gb-3.net/news/2022/silverstone-race-one-report |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=www.gb-3.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Silverstone Race Two Penalty Update – Lebbon Reinstated as Winner |url=https://www.gb-3.net/news/2022/silverstone-race-two-penalty-update-lebbon-reinstated-as-winner |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=www.gb-3.net}}</ref> Voisin ya ƙare kakar wasa ta hanyar samun wata nasara a Donington Park, wanda ya bar shi na huɗu a cikin jimlar gaba ɗaya, a gaban abokan aikinsa biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2022 |title=Voisin wins at Donington as Browning extends GB3 points lead |url=https://formulascout.com/voisin-wins-at-donington-as-browning-extends-gb3-points-lead/99798 |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=Formula Scout}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Voisin Claims Third Win of the Year as Browning Takes Title Race Advantage |url=https://www.gb-3.net/news/2022/oct/15/donington-decider-race-one-report |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=www.gb-3.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitfield |first=Steve |date=10 December 2022 |title=Scout Report: Callum Voisin |url=https://formulascout.com/scout-report-callum-voisin/101637 |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bugu da kari, Voisin ya lashe kofin Jack Cavill Pole Position Cup don tara mafi yawan matsayi a duk lokacin yakin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Voisin's Verdict: 2022 Season Review |url=https://www.gb-3.net/news/2022/nov/7/voisins-verdict-2022-season-review |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=www.gb-3.net}}</ref> A ƙarshen 2022, Voisin na cikin 'yan takara goma na ƙarshe don Kyautar Aston Martin Autosport BRDC . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Turner |first=Kevin |date=4 August 2022 |title=Final 10 contenders revealed for 2022 Aston Martin Autosport BRDC Young Driver Award |url=https://www.motorsport.com/autosport-awards/news/final-10-contenders-revealed-for-2022-aston-martin-autosport-brdc-young-driver-award/10348395/ |access-date=12 September 2026 |website=[[Motorsport.com]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]]}}</ref> ==== 2023 ==== Voisin ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Rodin Carlin da aka sake masa suna don Gasar GB3 ta 2023, tare da haɗin gwiwa da John Bennett da Costa Toparis.[ Yayin da Joseph Loake na JHR da kuma Alex Dunne na Hitech daga baya suka jagoranci gasar da wuri, Voisin ya ci gaba da fafatawa da manyan dandamali na tsere na yau da kullun - ciki har da biyu kowannensu a Oulton Park and Spa. Ya kai saman matsayi a zagaye na 5, kuma ya zira kwallaye na farko a kakar wasa da kuma wani dandamali mai ninka biyu a karshen mako a Brands Hatch. Da maki biyu, nasara da matsayi na biyu a gasar Donington, Voisin ya lashe kambun GB3 da maki 18 daga Dunne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brabner |first=George |date=31 October 2023 |title=Voisin crowned 2023 GB3 champion: How the season finale unfolded on the ground |url=https://feederseries.net/2023/10/31/voisin-crowned-2023-gb3-champion-how-the-season-finale-unfolded-on-the-ground/ |access-date=12 September 2026 |website=Feeder Series}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitfield |first=Steve |date=9 November 2023 |title=How Voisin emerged victorious in GB3's closest title fight |url=https://www.autosport.com/national/news/how-voisin-emerged-victorious-in-gb3s-closest-title-fight/10544500/ |access-date=12 September 2026 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2023 |title=Voisin "over the moon" with GB3 title |url=https://www.donington-park.co.uk/news/2023/oct/22/voisin-over-the-moon-with-gb3-title |access-date=12 September 2026 |website=[[Donington Park]] |publisher=[[MotorSport Vision]]}}</ref> A ƙarshen 2023, Voisin ya kasance dan wasan karshe a cikin Kyautar Aston Martin Autosport BRDC, tare da F3 rookie Taylor Barnard, GB3 title rival Loake, da kuma F4 driver Arvid Lindblad . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Turner |first=Kevin |date=4 August 2022 |title=Final 10 contenders revealed for 2022 Aston Martin Autosport BRDC Young Driver Award |url=https://www.autosport.com/autosport-awards/news/final-10-contenders-revealed-for-2022-aston-martin-autosport-brdc-young-driver-award/10348259/ |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=[[Autosport.com]]}}</ref> Loake ya lashe harbi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2023 |title=Joseph Loake wins the 2023 Aston Martin AUTOSPORT BRDC Young Driver of the Year Award |url=https://www.astonmartin.com/en/our-world/news/2023/12/4/joseph-loake-wins-the-2023-aston-martin-autosport-brdc-young-driver-of-the-year-award |access-date=12 September 2026 |website=[[Aston Martin]]}}</ref> ==== 2024 ==== Voisin ya koma Gasar Zakarun GB3 ta 2024 don zagaye na karshe a Brands Hatch tare da Rodin Motorsport . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitfield |first=Steve |date=24 September 2024 |title=Rodin's Voisin makes surprise GB3 return, Mills to debut with CDR |url=https://formulascout.com/rodins-voisin-makes-surprise-gb3-return-mills-to-debut-with-cdr/124124 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Gasar Cin Kofin USF === A ƙarshen Oktoba 2022, Voisin ya shiga cikin gwajin USF Pro 2000 Championship a Indianapolis Motor Speedway tare da Jay Howard Driver Development . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Largest Field Entered for USF Pro Fall Combine Open Test |url=https://www.usfpro2000.com/news/largest-field-entered-for-usf-pro-fall-combine-open-test |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=www.usfpro2000.com}}</ref> === Gasar FIA ta Formula 3 === ==== 2024 ==== [[File:FIA_F3_Austria_2024_Nr._29_Voisin.jpg|thumb|Voisin yana tuka Dallara F3 2019 a lokacin zagaye na 2024 na Spielberg Formula 32024 Spielberg Formula 3 zagaye]] Bayan ya lashe Gasar GB3, an kara Voisin zuwa FIA Formula 3 a shekarar 2024, ya kasance tare da Rodin Carlin, yanzu an sake masa suna Rodin Motorsport . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Rodin Carlin confirms Callum Voisin as first signing for 2024 season |url=https://www.fiaformula3.com/Latest/2tRhKeqjKxt1Tpo7X4IYL2/rodin-carlin-confirms-callum-voisin-as-first-signing-for-2024-season |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=FIA_Formula 3® - The Official F3® Website |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-09 |title=Rodin team renamed after Carlin departure |url=https://www.autosport.com/formula2/news/rodin-team-renamed-after-carlin-departure/10564025/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=www.autosport.com |language=en}}</ref> Voisin ya sami matsayi na farko a cikin jerin a tseren fasalin Formula 3 na Silverstone.Da farko an shirya shi don lashe tseren, amma hukuncin kisa na goma ya sa shi zuwa na uku, tare da Arvid Lindblad ya gaji nasarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waring |first=Bethonie |date=7 July 2024 |title=Lindblad wins crazy wet-dry F3 feature race after Voisin is penalised |url=https://formulascout.com/fia-f3-results/121088 |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-US}}</ref> A lokacin tseren fasalin Spa-Francorchamps, Voisin ya sami babban slam; ya sami damar samun nasarar budurwarsa, Matsayi na sanda, da kuma saurin sauri a cikin jerin.Bugu da ƙari, ya ci gaba da jagorantar a farkon kowane zagaye a lokacin tseren.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spadi |first=Daniele |date=31 July 2024 |title=Voisin and Montoya shine as championship battle ignites: F3 Spa recap |url=https://feederseries.net/2024/07/31/voisin-and-montoya-shine-as-championship-battle-ignites-f3-spa-recap/ |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=Feeder Series |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gascoigne |first=Roger |date=28 July 2024 |title=F3 Spa winner Voisin: "There's still more to come. This isn't us at 100%" |url=https://formulascout.com/f3-spa-winner-voisin-theres-still-more-to-come-this-isnt-us-at-100/122160 |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce nasarar farko ta Rodin a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waring |first=Bethonie |date=28 July 2024 |title=Voisin wins, Fornaroli takes F3 points lead and Prema clinch title at Spa |url=https://formulascout.com/voisin-wins-fornaroli-takes-f3-points-lead-and-prema-clinch-title-at-spa/122168 |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya gama kakar a matsayi na 12 gabaɗaya tare da maki 67.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Turner |first=Tori |date=2025-05-13 |title=Voisin 'looking forward to more success' after strong start to F3 season |url=https://feederseries.net/2025/05/13/rodins-voisin-looking-forward-to-more-success-after-strong-start-to-f3-season/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Feeder Series |language=en}}</ref> ==== 2025 ==== [[File:FIA_F3_Austria_2025_Nr._23_Voisin.jpg|thumb|Voisin yana tuka Dallara F3 2025 a lokacin zagaye na Formula 3 na Spielberg na 2025.]] Voisin ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Rodin Motorsport don Gasar Cin Kofin Fomula ta 3 ta FIA ta 2025 tare da abokin wasansa Roman Biliński da kuma zakaran GB3 Louis Sharp. Karshen makon farko a Melbourne ya kasance da wahala, inda Voisin ya zo na tara a tseren amma ya yi ritaya daga tseren siffofi bayan wani lamari da ya faru da Nikola Tsolov. Daga nan ya hau kan mumbarinsa na farko a kakar wasa a Bahrain, inda ya zo na biyu a tseren siffofi, wanda ya sanya shi na uku a jimillar.<ref name=":0" /> .<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Spadi |first=Daniele |date=2025-06-25 |title=F3’s Voisin: ‘You need to be the best at adapting – that’s what makes a good driver’ |url=https://feederseries.net/2025/06/25/f3s-voisin-you-need-to-be-the-best-at-adapting-thats-what-makes-a-good-driver/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Feeder Series |language=en}}</ref> === Tsarin E === A watan Yulin 2025, Voisin ya gwada motar Formula E a karo na farko a Filin jirgin saman Tempelhof, yana tuki don Cupra Kiro a lokacin gwajin Formula E Berlin tare da Bianca Bustamante, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2025 |title=Callum Voisin to drive for CUPRA KIRO in Berlin Rookie Test |url=https://kiroraceco.com/latest/callum-voisin-to-drive-for-cupra-kiro-in-berlin-rookie-test |access-date=2 July 2025 |website=[[Kiro Race Co]] |language=en}}</ref> ya zama na huɗu a zaman rana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2025 |title=Bianca Bustamante and Callum Voisin debut for CUPRA KIRO in Berlin |url=https://kiroraceco.com/latest/bianca-bustamante-and-callum-voisin-debut-for-cupra-kiro-in-berlin |access-date=31 July 2025 |website=[[Kiro Race Co]] |language=en}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa a watan Maris, ya tuka Andretti a lokacin gwajin rookie na Madrid ePrix . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2026 |title=Slater and Voisin join Andretti for Madrid Rookie Test |url=https://fiaformulae.com/en/news/1005719/slater-and-voisin-join-andretti-for-madrid-rookie-test |access-date=20 March 2026 |website=The Official Home of Formula E. |language=en}}</ref> A kakar 2026-27, an sanar da Voisin a matsayin direban ci gaba na Andretti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2026 |title=Callum Voisin Joins Andretti Formula E as Official Development Driver |url=https://andrettiglobal.com/news/2026/10/callum-voisin-joins-andretti-as-official-development-driver/ |access-date=29 October 2026 |website=[[Andretti Global]] |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan motsa jiki == [[File:Callum_Voisin_Porsche_Carrera_Cup_GB_Thruxton_2026_-_1.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Gasar murya a filin wasa na Thruxton a cikin 2026]] A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, an zabi Voisin a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasan karshe don zama Porsche Carrera Cup na gaba na Burtaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2025 |title=BTCC and FIA F3 race winners among Porsche Carrera Cup GB Junior finalists |url=https://www.msn.com/en-sg/news/other/btcc-and-fia-f3-race-winners-among-porsche-carrera-cup-gb-junior-finalists/ar-AA1O5l9c |access-date=10 October 2025 |website= |language=en}}</ref> === 2026 === An zaɓi Voisin a matsayin Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain junior don kakar 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2025 |title=Callum Voisin named RAFA Racing Club Porsche Carrera Cup GB Junior for 2026 and 2027 |url=https://racing.porsche.com/en-GB/articles/2026-27-junior-announcement |access-date=24 November 2025 |website=[[Porsche]] |language=en}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubucen wasan kwaikwayo == === Takaitaccen Bayani na Ayyukan Karting === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center" !Lokacin !Jerin !Kungiyar !Matsayi |- ! rowspan="5" |2019 | align="left" |Kartmasters Grand Prix na Burtaniya - X30 Mini | rowspan="5" align="left" |Gasar Coles |Na 8th |- | align="left" |Gasar Cin Kofin Burtaniya - Rotax Mini Max |Na huɗu |- | align="left" |BNL Karting Series - Junior Max |Na 16 |- | align="left" |Rotax Max Challenge International Trophy - Junior Max |Na 34 |- | align="left" |Rotax Max Challenge Grand Finals - Mini Max |Na 27 |- ! rowspan="3" |2020 | align="left" |Rotax Max Kofin Yuro na Winter - Junior | rowspan="3" align="left" |Gasar Coles |Na biyar |- | align="left" |Kartmasters Grand Prix na Burtaniya - Rotax Junior |18th |- | align="left" |Gasar Cin Kofin Burtaniya - Rotax Junior | style="background:#ffdf9f" |'''Na uku''' |} === Takaitaccen Bayani na Ayyukan Tsere === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center;" !Lokacin !Jerin !Kungiyar !Tseren !Nasara !Yaren mutanen Poland !F / Laps !Wasanni !Abubuwa !Matsayi |- !2021 | style="text-align:left;" |Gasar Cin Kofin Ginetta Junior | style="text-align:left;" |R R R R Racing |25 |7 |3 |6 |11 |415 |Na 6 |- !2022 | style="text-align:left;" |Gasar GB3 | style="text-align:left;" |Carlin |24 |3 |5 |4 |6 |359 |Na huɗu |- !2023 | style="text-align:left;" |Gasar GB3 | style="text-align:left;" |Rodin Carlin |23 |2 |6 |1 |11 |484 | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''Na farko''' |- ! rowspan="2" |2024 | style="text-align:left;" |Gasar FIA ta Formula 3 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |Rodin Motorsport |20 |1 |1 |1 |2 |67 |Na 12 |- | style="text-align:left;" |Gasar GB3 |3 |0 |0 |1 |1 |40 |Na 24 |- !2025 | nowrap="" style="text-align:left;" |Gasar FIA ta Formula 3 | nowrap="" style="text-align:left;" |Rodin Motorsport |19 |0 |0 |0 |1 |52 | style="background:#;" |Na 14 |- !2025–26 | style="text-align: left;" |Asian Le Mans Series - LMP3 | style="text-align: left;" |Gasar Tsaro ta Sama |6 |0 |1 |0 |1 |54 |Na 8th |- ! rowspan="3" |2026 | style="text-align: left;" |Porsche Carrera Cup Burtaniya - Pro | style="text-align: left;" |Wasanni na Motar ƙarni |6 |4 |1 |1 |6 |63 |Na farko* |- | style="text-align: left;" |Porsche Carrera Cup Italiya | style="text-align: left;" |Gasar Ombra |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |7 |Na 16* |- | style="text-align: left;" |Kofin Mans - LMP3 | style="text-align: left;" |Gasar Inter Europol |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |6 |Na 21 |- !2026–27 | align="left" |Tsarin E | align="left" |Andretti Formula E | colspan="7" |Direban ci gaba |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Lokacin har yanzu yana ci gaba. === Cikakken sakamakon Gasar Cin Kofin Ginetta Junior === (maɓalli) (Races in '''bold''' nuna matsayi na sanda) (Race in italics nuna mafi sauri lap) {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%;" !Shekara !Kungiyar !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 !6 !7 !8 !9 !10 !11 !12 !13 !14 !15 !16 !17 !18 !19 !20 !21 !22 !23 !24 !25 !26 !DC !Abubuwa |- |2021 ! nowrap="" |R R R R Racing | style="background:#dfffdf;" |THR1<nowiki><br id="mwAgQ"></nowiki><br />{{Small|5}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |THR2<nowiki><br id="mwAgk"></nowiki><br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |''SNE1<nowiki><br id="mwAg8"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF;" |<nowiki><span id="mwAhQ" style="color:#FFFFFF;">SNE2<br id="mwAhU"></nowiki><nowiki></span></nowiki><br />{{Small|DSQ}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |SNE3<nowiki><br id="mwAho"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |'''''BHI1<nowiki><br id="mwAiE"></nowiki>'''''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |'''BHI2<nowiki><br id="mwAic"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |''BHI3<nowiki><br id="mwAi0"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |OUL1<nowiki><br id="mwAjI"></nowiki><br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#ffffff;" |OUL2<nowiki><br id="mwAjc"></nowiki><br />{{Small|C}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |KNO1<nowiki><br id="mwAjw"></nowiki><br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |KNO2<nowiki><br id="mwAkE"></nowiki><br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#ffdf9f;" |KNO3<nowiki><br id="mwAkY"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |''KNO4<nowiki><br id="mwAkw"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|5}} | style="background:#cfcfff;" |'''THR1<nowiki><br id="mwAlI"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|22}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" |THR2<nowiki><br id="mwAlc"></nowiki><br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#dfdfdf;" |'''''THR3<nowiki><br id="mwAl4"></nowiki>'''''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#cfcfff;" |SIL1<nowiki><br id="mwAmM"></nowiki><br />{{Small|22}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |SIL2<nowiki><br id="mwAmg"></nowiki><br />{{Small|15}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |SIL3<nowiki><br id="mwAm0"></nowiki><br />{{Small|6}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |DON1<nowiki><br id="mwAnI"></nowiki><br />{{Small|13}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |''DON2<nowiki><br id="mwAng"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|7}} | style="background:#ffdf9f;" |DON3<nowiki><br id="mwAn0"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#ffdf9f;" |BHGP1<nowiki><br id="mwAoI"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#cfcfff;" |BHGP2<nowiki><br id="mwAoc"></nowiki><br />{{Small|21}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |BHGP3<nowiki><br id="mwAow"></nowiki><br />{{Small|13}} !Na 6 !415 |} === Cikakken sakamakon gasar cin kofin GB3 === (maɓalli) (Races in '''bold''' nuna matsayi na sanda) (Race in italics nuna mafi sauri lap) {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%;" !Shekara !Kungiyar !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 !6 !7 !8 !9 !10 !11 !12 !13 !14 !15 !16 !17 !18 !19 !20 !21 !22 !23 !24 !DC !Abubuwa |- |2022 ! nowrap="" |Carlin | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |OUL1<nowiki><br id="mwArw"></nowiki><br />{{Small|20}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |OUL2<nowiki><br id="mwAsE"></nowiki><br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |OUL3<nowiki><br id="mwAsY"></nowiki><br />{{Small|13²}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SIL11<nowiki><br id="mwAss"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SIL12<nowiki><br id="mwAtA"></nowiki><br />{{Small|5}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |''SIL13<nowiki><br id="mwAtY"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|8³}} | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |DON11<nowiki><br id="mwAts"></nowiki><br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |DON12<nowiki><br id="mwAuA"></nowiki><br />{{Small|7}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |DON13<nowiki><br id="mwAuU"></nowiki><br />{{Small|6¹³}} | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''SNE1<nowiki><br id="mwAus"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |SNE2<nowiki><br id="mwAvA"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |SNE3<nowiki><br id="mwAvU"></nowiki><br />{{Small|17⁵}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SPA1<nowiki><br id="mwAvo"></nowiki><br />{{Small|8}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SPA2<nowiki><br id="mwAv8"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |''SPA3<nowiki><br id="mwAwU"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|2³}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''''SIL21<nowiki><br id="mwAww"></nowiki>'''''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''''SIL22<nowiki><br id="mwAxM"></nowiki>'''''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SIL23<nowiki><br id="mwAxg"></nowiki><br />{{Small|4¹⁵}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRH1<nowiki><br id="mwAx0"></nowiki><br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRH2<nowiki><br id="mwAyI"></nowiki><br />{{Small|13}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |BRH3<nowiki><br id="mwAyc"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''DON21<nowiki><br id="mwAy0"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |'''DON22<nowiki><br id="mwAzM"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |DON23<nowiki><br id="mwAzg"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} !Na huɗu !359 |- |2023 ! nowrap="" |Rodin Carlin | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |OUL1<nowiki><br id="mwA0Q"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |''OUL2<nowiki><br id="mwA0o"></nowiki>''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |OUL3<nowiki><br id="mwA08"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SIL11<nowiki><br id="mwA1Q"></nowiki><br />{{Small|6}} | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |SIL12<nowiki><br id="mwA1k"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SIL13<nowiki><br id="mwA14"></nowiki><br />{{Small|4⁸}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''SPA1<nowiki><br id="mwA2Q"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''SPA2<nowiki><br id="mwA2o"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SPA3<nowiki><br id="mwA28"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10¹⁵}} | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |SNE1<nowiki><br id="mwA3Q"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |'''SNE2<nowiki><br id="mwA3o"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SNE3<nowiki><br id="mwA38"></nowiki><br />{{Small|11¹²}} | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |SIL21<nowiki><br id="mwA4Q"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SIL22<nowiki><br id="mwA4k"></nowiki><br />{{Small|5}} | style="background:#FFFFFF;" |SIL23<nowiki><br id="mwA44"></nowiki><br />{{Small|C}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |BRH1<nowiki><br id="mwA5M"></nowiki><br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''BRH2<nowiki><br id="mwA5k"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRH3<nowiki><br id="mwA54"></nowiki><br />{{Small|14⁹}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ZAN1<nowiki><br id="mwA6M"></nowiki><br />{{Small|7}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ZAN2<nowiki><br id="mwA6g"></nowiki><br />{{Small|6}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |ZAN3<nowiki><br id="mwA60"></nowiki><br />{{Small|5¹⁰}} | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''DON1<nowiki><br id="mwA7M"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''DON2<nowiki><br id="mwA7k"></nowiki>'''<br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |DON3<nowiki><br id="mwA74"></nowiki><br />{{Small|12¹⁰}} ! style="background:#FFFFBF;" |Na farko ! style="background:#FFFFBF;" |484 |- |2024 ! nowrap="" |Rodin Motorsport |OUL1<nowiki><br id="mwA8o"></nowiki> |OUL2<nowiki><br id="mwA80"></nowiki> |OUL3<nowiki><br id="mwA9A"></nowiki> |SIL11<nowiki><br id="mwA9M"></nowiki> |SIL12<nowiki><br id="mwA9Y"></nowiki> |SIL13<nowiki><br id="mwA9k"></nowiki> |SPA1<nowiki><br id="mwA9w"></nowiki> |SPA2<nowiki><br id="mwA98"></nowiki> |SPA3<nowiki><br id="mwA-I"></nowiki> |HUN1<nowiki><br id="mwA-U"></nowiki> |HUN2<nowiki><br id="mwA-g"></nowiki> |HUN3<nowiki><br id="mwA-s"></nowiki> |ZAN1<nowiki><br id="mwA-4"></nowiki> |ZAN2<nowiki><br id="mwA_E"></nowiki> |ZAN3<nowiki><br id="mwA_Q"></nowiki> |SIL21<nowiki><br id="mwA_c"></nowiki> |SIL22<nowiki><br id="mwA_o"></nowiki> |SIL23<nowiki><br id="mwA_0"></nowiki> |DON1<nowiki><br id="mwBAA"></nowiki> |DON2<nowiki><br id="mwBAM"></nowiki> |DON3<nowiki><br id="mwBAY"></nowiki> | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRH1<nowiki><br id="mwBAk"></nowiki><br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BRH2<nowiki><br id="mwBA4"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |BRH3<nowiki><br id="mwBBM"></nowiki><br />{{Small|2}} !Na 24 !40 |} === Cikakken sakamakon gasar cin kofin Formula 3 na FIA === (maɓalli) (Races in '''bold''' nuna matsayi na sanda) (Race in italics nuna mafi sauri lap) {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%;" !Shekara !Mai shiga !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 !6 !7 !8 !9 !10 !11 !12 !13 !14 !15 !16 !17 !18 !19 !20 !DC !Abubuwa |- |2024 ! nowrap="" |Rodin Motorsport | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |BHRSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBD8"></nowiki><br />{{Small|17}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |BHRFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBEQ"></nowiki><br />{{Small|21}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MELSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBEk"></nowiki><br />{{Small|18}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MELFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBE4"></nowiki><br />{{Small|21}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |IMOSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBFM"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |IMOFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBFg"></nowiki><br />{{Small|29}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MONSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBF0"></nowiki><br />{{Small|12}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MONFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBGI"></nowiki><br />{{Small|13}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |CATSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBGc"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |CATFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBGw"></nowiki><br />{{Small|16}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |RBRSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBHE"></nowiki><br />{{Small|14}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |RBRFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBHY"></nowiki><br />{{Small|25}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SILSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBHs"></nowiki><br />{{Small|4}} | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |SILFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBIA"></nowiki><br />{{Small|3}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |HUNSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBIU"></nowiki><br />{{Small|6}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |HUNFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBIo"></nowiki><br />{{Small|6}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |SPASPR<nowiki><br id="mwBI8"></nowiki><br />{{Small|7}} | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''''SPAFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBJY"></nowiki>'''''<br />{{Small|1}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MNZSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBJs"></nowiki><br />{{Small|25}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MNZFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBKA"></nowiki><br />{{Small|22†}} !Na 12 !67 |- |2025 ! nowrap="" |Rodin Motorsport | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |MELSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBKw"></nowiki><br />{{Small|9}} | style="background:#EFCFFF;" |MELFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBLE"></nowiki><br />{{Small|Ret}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |BHRSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBLY"></nowiki><br />{{Small|4}} | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |BHRFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBLs"></nowiki><br />{{Small|2}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |IMOSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBMA"></nowiki><br />{{Small|26}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |IMOFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBMU"></nowiki><br />{{Small|18}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |MONSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBMo"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |MONFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBM8"></nowiki><br />{{Small|4}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |CATSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBNQ"></nowiki><br />{{Small|16}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |CATFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBNk"></nowiki><br />{{Small|10}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |RBRSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBN4"></nowiki><br />{{Small|8}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |RBRFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBOM"></nowiki><br />{{Small|8}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |SILSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBOg"></nowiki><br />{{Small|22}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |SILFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBO0"></nowiki><br />{{Small|19}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |SPASPR<nowiki><br id="mwBPI"></nowiki><br />{{Small|17}} | style="background:#FFFFFF;" |SPAFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBPc"></nowiki><br />{{Small|C}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |HUNSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBPw"></nowiki><br />{{Small|18}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |HUNFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBQE"></nowiki><br />{{Small|15}} | style="background:#DFFFDF;" |MNZSPR<nowiki><br id="mwBQY"></nowiki><br />{{Small|7}} | style="background:#CFCFFF;" |MNZFEA<nowiki><br id="mwBQs"></nowiki><br />{{Small|12}} !Na 14 !52 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rsx6ijowc4luk50y6jyjsgimevivxfo 0 180558 975522 2026-11-03T10:38:57Z ~2026-58335-31 50723 Added biographical information about Ajanaku Aliu Babatunde. 975522 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ALINATION''', born '''Ajanaku Aliu Babatunde''', is a Nigerian Entrepreneur, filmmaker, digital entrepreneur, content creator, music distributor, and entertainment professional.<ref name="vanguard">{{cite web |title=Ajanaku Aliu Babatunde |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/ajanaku-aliu-babatunde/ |website=Vanguard News}}</ref><ref name="frwiki">{{cite web |title=Ajanaku Aliu Babatunde |url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajanaku_Aliu_Babatunde |website=Wikipedia (French)}}</ref><ref name="wikiname">{{cite web |title=Meet Ajanaku Aliu Babatunde: The Nigerian Entrepreneur Exploring Music, Entertainment, and Technology |url=https://www.wiki.name.ng/public_figure/meet-ajanaku-aliu-babatunde-the-nigeria-entrepreneur-exploring-music-entertainment-and-technology/ |website=WikiName}}</ref> He is associated with FAHMDOQSTV, Alinationrecord, and Alinationedit, three creative brands connected with his interests in entertainment, music, digital media, and online content production.<ref name="musicinafrica">{{cite web |title=Alinationrecord Profile |url=https://musicinafrica.net/directory-professional/alinationrecord/ |website=Music In Africa}}</ref> Known professionally as ALINATION, Babatunde has developed a creative identity that brings together music, filmmaking, video editing, digital entrepreneurship, and content creation. His activities include involvement in film projects such as ''The Return of Moba Boys'', ''OT Business'', ''Moba Boys'', and ''The Street Fraudsters & Co''.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |title=Ajanaku Aliu Babatunde - IMDb Profile |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm18981299/ |website=IMDb}}</ref> He is also associated with the development of digital entertainment projects and creative platforms intended to support the production, distribution, and promotion of entertainment content. == Early life and background == ALINATION was born Ajanaku Aliu Babatunde on 23 December 2007 in [[Lagos]], Nigeria, according to biographical information associated with his professional profile.<ref name="vanguard" /><ref name="wikiname" /> He is Nigerian and has a background connected with Yoruba culture. From an early age, he developed an interest in entertainment, music, digital technology, and creative production. These interests later became central to his professional identity. His creative activities encompass several areas of the entertainment industry, including music, filmmaking, video production, and online content creation. Babatunde uses ALINATION as his professional name. The name is associated with his entertainment activities and the creative projects connected with his career.<ref name="frwiki" /> His work reflects an interest in combining traditional entertainment activities with digital platforms, particularly through the use of online media to reach audiences. == Age == ALINATION was reportedly born on 23 December 2007.<ref name="vanguard" /> As of 2 November 2026, he is 18 years old. He will turn 19 on 23 December 2026. His reported date of birth should be supported by a reliable source before being included as a confirmed fact in a Wikipedia biography. == Education == Ajanaku Aliu Babatunde received secondary school education in Nigeria. His educational background forms part of his personal development and his interest in creative and digital activities. Alongside his formal education, he has developed interests in music, entertainment, content creation, and technology. His creative activities involve learning and applying skills associated with digital media, video editing, music production, and entertainment development. Further information about his educational institutions, qualifications, and academic achievements would require reliable documentation. == Career == ALINATION's professional activities span several areas of the entertainment and digital media industries. His career is associated with music, content creation, filmmaking, video editing, and digital entrepreneurship. Through these activities, he has developed a professional identity connected with several creative projects.<ref name="wikiname" /> His work includes associations with FAHMDOQSTV, Alinationrecord, and Alinationedit. These projects represent different aspects of his creative interests, including entertainment content, music-related activities, and digital production. His career reflects an interest in developing a recognizable creative brand while exploring opportunities in the evolving digital entertainment industry. === FAHMDOQSTV === FAHMDOQSTV is an entertainment and digital media brand associated with Ajanaku Aliu Babatunde, professionally known as ALINATION.<ref name="vanguard" /> The brand is connected with entertainment content, video production, filmmaking, and digital media activities. Its name is associated with the production and presentation of creative content for online audiences. FAHMDOQSTV forms part of ALINATION's broader creative activities in the entertainment industry. Through the brand, he is associated with projects involving film production, video content, and digital entertainment. The brand's activities are connected with the growing use of online platforms for entertainment distribution. Digital media has created opportunities for independent creators and emerging entertainment professionals to produce and share their work with audiences beyond traditional broadcasting channels. FAHMDOQSTV is associated with film projects including ''Moba Boys'' and ''OT Business''.<ref name="imdb" /> These titles form part of the entertainment projects connected with the brand. The name FAHMDOQSTV is also associated with ALINATION's creative identity and his interest in developing entertainment-related projects. ==== FAHMDOQSTV and film production ==== FAHMDOQSTV is associated with film and video production activities involving ALINATION. Its connection with film projects reflects an interest in storytelling, visual entertainment, and the production of content for digital audiences. The brand is associated with projects such as ''Moba Boys'', ''The Return of Moba Boys'', and ''OT Business''.<ref name="imdb" /> Further information about the company's establishment, ownership structure, production history, and official activities would require independent documentation. === Alinationrecord === Alinationrecord is a music-related brand associated with Ajanaku Aliu Babatunde, professionally known as ALINATION.<ref name="musicinafrica" /> The brand forms part of his activities in the music and entertainment industries. Its name is connected with music, creative development, and the promotion of music-related projects. Alinationrecord represents an aspect of ALINATION's interest in music and the development of a professional identity within the entertainment industry. Music distribution and digital music platforms have become important parts of the modern music industry. Independent artists and creative professionals increasingly use digital services to distribute recordings, promote their work, and connect with listeners. ALINATION's association with Alinationrecord reflects his interest in these developments and in the opportunities provided by digital music distribution. ==== Music and digital distribution ==== Alinationrecord is associated with music-related activities and the development of creative projects.<ref name="musicinafrica" /> The brand's name reflects an interest in music recording, music promotion, and the digital distribution of music. Through his association with Alinationrecord, ALINATION is connected with the broader development of music and digital entertainment. Specific information about released songs, artists signed to the brand, distribution agreements, and its formal business structure requires further reliable sources. === Alinationedit === Alinationedit is a digital creative brand associated with Ajanaku Aliu Babatunde. The brand is connected with video editing, digital content production, and creative media activities. Its name reflects an interest in visual storytelling and the production of digital entertainment content. Video editing is an important part of modern entertainment production. It involves the arrangement of recorded footage, sound, visual effects, transitions, and other elements to create a finished video. ALINATION's association with Alinationedit reflects his involvement in creative activities related to video production and digital media. ==== Video editing and content production ==== Alinationedit is associated with the production and editing of digital content. Its activities are connected with the creation of videos and other visual materials for online platforms. The brand forms part of ALINATION's wider creative interests, which include filmmaking, entertainment content, and digital production. Further information about its establishment, clients, production credits, and business operations would require reliable documentation. == Filmography == ALINATION is associated with several film projects, including ''The Return of Moba Boys'', ''OT Business'', ''Moba Boys'', and ''The Street Fraudsters & Co''.<ref name="imdb" /> His film-related activities are connected with filmmaking, creative production, and digital entertainment. === The Return of Moba Boys === ''The Return of Moba Boys'' is a film project associated with ALINATION and FAHMDOQSTV.<ref name="imdb" /> The title is connected with the ''Moba Boys'' film project and forms part of the entertainment activities associated with his professional identity. Further information about the film's storyline, cast, production team, release date, and distribution would require reliable sources. === OT Business === ''OT Business'' is a film project associated with ALINATION and FAHMDOQSTV.<ref name="imdb" /> The project forms part of his film-related activities and is connected with his interests in entertainment and digital production. Further information about the film's plot, production, cast, and release would require independent documentation. === Moba Boys === ''Moba Boys'' is a film project associated with FAHMDOQSTV and ALINATION.<ref name="imdb" /> The title is among the entertainment projects connected with his professional activities. The film is also associated with ''The Return of Moba Boys'', a related title within the same creative project. Additional information about the film's production, storyline, cast, and distribution requires reliable sources. === The Street Fraudsters & Co === ''The Street Fraudsters & Co'' is another film title associated with ALINATION's entertainment activities. The project forms part of his involvement in filmmaking and creative production. Further details about the film's storyline, production team, cast, release date, and distribution would require reliable documentation. == Digital entrepreneurship == ALINATION is associated with digital entrepreneurship and creative activities involving online platforms.<ref name="wikiname" /> His professional interests include music, entertainment, content creation, and digital media. These areas have become increasingly connected through the growth of online distribution and digital production tools. Digital entrepreneurship involves the development of creative or commercial activities using digital technology. In the entertainment industry, it can include music distribution, video production, content publishing, and the development of online brands. dv5cfm5znjcxszo194mnjvfnml5iszn