Wikipedia hifwiki https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahila_Panna MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter saadhan khaas baat sadasya sadasya ke baat Wikipedia Wikipedia baat file file ke baat MediaWiki MediaWiki ke baat Template Template ke baat madat madat ke baat vibhag voibhag ke baat TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Mavai Senathirajah 0 2328 336560 315381 2026-07-11T06:35:18Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 336560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ek rajneta hae [[Sri Lanka]] mai. Tamil Rashtriya Gathabandhan ka member hae<ref>[http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2008/07/tamil-national-alliance-is-to-take.html Tamil National Alliance is to take issues with New Delhi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804045404/http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2008/07/tamil-national-alliance-is-to-take.html |date=2008-08-04 }} Sri Lanka Guardian - July 21, 2008</ref>. ==References== {{reflist}} {{BD|1942||Senthirajah, Mavai}} [[vibhag:M]] [[vibhag:S]] [[vibhag:Sri Lanka ke Tamil log]] {{stub}} pu3niqclyoxzcrk31w1lrnxcuceq193 Mexico 0 2703 336561 317724 2026-07-11T06:40:38Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 336561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country | fullcountryname = Estados Unidos Mexicanos | image_flag =Flag of Mexico.svg | image_coa = Mexico_coat_of_arms.png | image_location = Mexico (orthographic projection).svg | nationalmotto = none | nationalsong = ''Himno nacional mexicano'' (''Mexican national anthem'') | nationalflower = n/a | nationalanimal =[[eagle]] | officiallanguages = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. And all the 62 native languages are official languages too. | abaaditotal = 104,907,991 | abaadirank = 11 | abaadidensity = 54 | countrycapital = [[Mexico City]] | countrylargestcity = [[Mexico City]] | areatotal = 1,972,550 | arearank = 13 | areawater = n/a | areawaterpercent = 2.5 | establishedin = Grito de Dolores ([[1810]])<br />Treaty of Córdoba, ([[1821]]) | leadertitlename = President Andrés Manuel López Obrador | currency = Mexican Peso (MXN) | utcoffset = -05:00 to -07:00 | dialingcode = 52 | internettld = .mx }} '''Mexico''', [[North America]] ke ek [[des]] hae. Mexico ke north me [[United States]] aur south me [[Guatemala]] aur [[Belize]] hae. Mexico, [[Pacific Ocean]] aur [[Gulf of Mexico]] ke biich me hae. Mexico ke jaada log [[Spanish bhasa]] me baat kare hae. Kuch Mexican log, Native American bhasa, jaise ki Nahuatl, Maya, aur Zapotec me bhi baat kare hae. Mexico ke capital [[Mexico City]] hae. == Geography == Mexico, [[North America]] ke south hissa me hae aur iske shape triangle ke rakam hae. Mexico 3000&nbsp;km (1,850 miles) lamba hae. Mexico ke west me [[Pacific Ocean]], east me [[Gulf of Mexico]] aur [[Caribbean Sea]] hae. Mexico me dui barraa peninsula hae, Baja California, northwest me aur, aur Yucatan, Southeast me. Central aur western Mexico me Sierra Madre pahaarr hae jisme Mexico ke sab se uuncha pahaarr, Pico de Orizaba hae. Mexico ke biich me volcano, jaise ki Popocatépetl aur Iztaccíhuatl hae. Mexico ke north me [[desert]] hae aur south me tropical [[rainforest]] hae. Mexico ke kuchh naddii hae Rio Grande, Río Grijalvat, Río Balsas, Río Pánuco, aur Río Yaqui. == People == Mexico uu des hae jhaan pe sab jaada log Spanish bhasa me baat kare hae. Ii duusra sab se barraa Latin American des hae. Mexicao ke 60% log ke duuno Native American aur European forefathers hae , aur ii logan ke mestizo bolaa jaae hae. Mexico ke 15% log pure Native American aur 10% log goraa hae. Mexico ke jaada log [[Roman Catholic]] (89%) hae lekin 6% [[Protestant]] hae. ==Itihaas== Mexico ke sab se purana chij Valley of Mexico ke nagiich patthar ke hathyaar ke hissa mila hae jiske "carbon dating" se 10,000 saal puraana bataawa gais hae. Mexico uu jagha hae jahaan pe makai, tamaatar aur bean ke pahila dafe boyaa gais rahaa aur isse "hunter-gatherers", 5000 BC talak, kisan ban ke gaon me rahe lagin.<ref name="EvansWebster2013">{{cite book|author1=Susan Toby Evans|author2=David L. Webster|title=Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ba_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT54|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-80186-0|page=54}}</ref> Iske baad dharmik sanskriti bhi barraa aur ek number system banaawa gais.<ref name="MacLachlan">{{cite book|author=Colin M. MacLachlan|title=Imperialism and the Origins of Mexican Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqdKCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT39|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-28643-6|page=39|date=13 April 2015}}</ref> Ii samay, gaon ke abaadi aur barr gais aur social classes develop bhais aur gaon chief ke niche aais. Sab se taagatwar chief log ke lage dharmik aur rajnitik taagat rahaa jisse uulog ceremony ke khaatir imaarat banais.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carmack |first1=Robert M. |last2=Gasco |first2=Janine L. |last3=Gossen |first3=Gary H. |title=The Legacy of Mesoamerica: History and Culture of a Native American Civilization |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-34678-4 }}{{page needed|date=December 2020}}</ref> Sab se puraana complex culture Mexico ke Gulf Coast me 1500 BC banaa. Ii jagha se ii sanskriti duusra jagha pe failaa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Diehl |first1=Richard A. |title=The Olmecs: America's First Civilization |date=2004 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0-500-02119-4 |pages=9–25 }}</ref> Mexico me chhe khaas jagha rahaa jahaan pe civilization develop bhais rahaa. Baad me Maya aur Zapotec civilization Calakmul aur Alban me complex centres banaay rahin. Ii civilization sab se jaada develop bhais jab ek likhe ke dhang ke develop karaa gais rahaa. 1521 me, Spanish conquest ke baad native log duuno alphabet aur chhaapa se likhat rahin.<ref>[[Matthew Restall|Restall, Matthew]], "A History of the New Philology and the New Philology in History", ''Latin American Research Review'' - Volume 38, Number 1, 2003, pp.113–134</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sampson |first1=Geoffrey |title=Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction |date=1985 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-1756-4 }}{{page needed|date=December 2020}}</ref> Central Mexico me classical period me Teotihuacan log raj karat rahin aur ek military aur commercial empire ke banain, jiske abaadi 150,000 rahaa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cowgill |first1=George L. |title=State and Society at Teotihuacan, Mexico |journal=Annual Review of Anthropology |date=21 October 1997 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=129–161 |doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.129 |oclc=202300854 |s2cid=53663189 |s2cid-access=free }}</ref> Iske baad Aztec culture barrha aur uu log central Mexico me raaj karat rahin.<ref>{{cite web |website=Ancient Civilizations World |title=Ancient Civilizations of Mexico |url=https://ancientcivilizationsworld.com/mexico/ |date=12 January 2017 |access-date=14 July 2019 |archive-date=12 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712161602/https://ancientcivilizationsworld.com/mexico/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Spain February me Aztec Empire ke conquest ke suruu karis aur ek city, Veracruz ke banais, 1521 me Aztec eke capital ke lae ke huan pe Mexico City banais aur Spain ke 300 saal ke raj suruu bhais. Dui kaaran se Spain Mexico ke aapan niche kare maangat rahaa. Pahila rahaa ki huan ke achchhaa se developed society easy se majduur ke de sakat rahaa aur duusra hae ki huan pe dher [[silver]] rahaa. <ref>[[James Lockhart (historian)|Lockhart, James]] and [[Stuart B. Schwartz]]. ''Early Latin America''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1983, 59</ref> [[File:Guanaguato_at_night.jpg|thumb|[[Guanajuato (city)|Guanajuato]] was one of the richest and most opulent in [[New Spain]]]] ==Jagha== [[File:Mexico topo.jpg|thumb|Mexico ke chhaapa]] [[File:Pico de Orizaba desde Hidalgo, Puebla.jpg|thumb|[[Pico de Orizaba]], Mexico ke sab se uuncha pahaarr]] Maxico, latitudes [[14th parallel north|14°]] aur [[33rd parallel north|33°N]], aur longitudes [[86th meridian west|86°]] aur [[119th meridian west|119°W]] ke biich me [[North America]] ke southern ilaaka me hae. Iske area {{convert|1972550|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} hae aur ii dunia ke 13th sab se barra des hae (area ke mutabik). Iske coast [[Pacific Ocean]], [[Gulf of California]], [[Gulf of Mexico]] aur [[Caribbean Sea]] se hae.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MuN7xR6wR-4C&pg=PA405 |page=405 |last=Vargas |first=Jorge A. |title=Mexico and the Law of the Sea: Contributions and Compromises |year=2011 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=9789004206205 |access-date=25 September 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204185531/https://books.google.com/books?id=MuN7xR6wR-4C&pg=PA405#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Lagbhag sab Mexico North American Plate me hae, aur ek chhotaa hissa Baja California peninsula me hae. Kuch bidwaan log Mexico ke east ke territory ke [[Central America]] ke hissa maane hae.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grec.cat/ |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160515192216/http://www.grec.cat/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 May 2016 |title=Nord-Amèrica, in Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana |publisher=Grec.cat |access-date=17 July 2013 }}</ref> Politically Mexico ke [[Canada]] aur [[America]] ke saathe, [[North America]] ke hissa maana jaae hae.<ref>{{cite book |last=Parsons |first=Alan |author2=Jonathan Schaffer |title=Geopolitics of oil and natural gas |publisher=U.S. Department of State |series=Economic Perspectives |date=May 2004}}</ref> ==Mausam== [[File:Mexico Köppen.svg|right}|}thumb|Mexico ke climate waala chhaapa]] Mexico me dher rakam ke mausam hae. [[Tropic of Cancer]], des ke Temperate aur tropical zone me divide kare hae. Tropic of Cancer ke north me winter ke time thandaa rahe hae. Tropic of Cancer ke south me temperature jaada kar ke ekke rakam rahe hae, lekin uuncha jagha thandaa rahe hae. Iske kaaran Mexico me dher rakam ke mausam rahe hae. Samundar ke hawaa ke kaaran [[May]] se [[August]] talak paani barse hae. Mexico ke dher jagha, khaas kar ke north me, jhuuura rahe hae, jab ki lowlands me average me {{convert|2000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} paani barse hae. Mexico me saat rakam ke mausam hae. <ref name="Clima">[https://gisviewer.semarnat.gob.mx/aplicaciones/Atlas2015/atm_climas.html "ATLAS / ATMOSFERA"] "SEMARNAT", retrieved on October 10, 2024.</ref>. Mexico ke south me 900 metres ke uunchai talak humid mausam rahe hae. Des ke north me desert ke rakam mausam hae.<ref name="Clima" /> ==Jaanwar== [[File:Mexican wolf lounging.jpg|thumb|[[Mexican wolf]]]] Dunia ke sab des me se Mexico me chauthaa sab se jaada rakam ke jaanwar hae.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ocupa México cuarto lugar mundial de biodiversidad|url=http://eleconomista.com.mx/sociedad/2011/11/05/ocupa-mexico-cuarto-lugar-mundial-biodiversidad|website=El Economista|access-date=5 February 2017|language=es|archive-date=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206104728/http://eleconomista.com.mx/sociedad/2011/11/05/ocupa-mexico-cuarto-lugar-mundial-biodiversidad|url-status=live}}</ref> Hian pe 200,00 se jaada species ke jaamwar hae jon [[dunia]] ke 10-12% hae. <ref name="SEMARNAT">{{cite web|title=Biodiversidad de México |publisher=SEMARNAT |url=http://cruzadabosquesagua.semarnat.gob.mx/iii.html |access-date=7 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007045210/http://cruzadabosquesagua.semarnat.gob.mx/iii.html |archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> Mexico me sab se jaada rakam ke reptile hae. == Chapa ke gallery == <div align=center> <gallery caption="[https://citas-fonacot.mx/ Citas Fonacot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706152320/https://citas-fonacot.mx/ |date=2024-07-06 }}"> file:Chichen-Itza-Castillo-Seen-From-East.JPG|Archeological site file:MexCity-palacio.jpg|National Palace file:Vicente Fox Congreso.jpg|Mexican Congress file:Standing jaguar.jpg|Jaguar file:Acapulco,guerrero.jpg|Acapulco file:Telmexstore.jpg|Retail dukaan </gallery> </div> ==References== <references/> [[vibhag:Mexico| ]] [[vibhag:Latin America]] [[vibhag:OAS ke member]] [[vibhag:Spanish bhasa waala des]] huazy55m1tsklqmykckm6hej49rmuj9 Yahudi 0 9194 336563 322421 2026-07-11T11:08:06Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 336563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religion | name = Judaism | native_name = | native_name_lang = he | image = judaica.jpg | imagewidth = 250px | alt = | caption = {{nowrap|Collection of [[Jewish ceremonial art|Judaica]] (clockwise from top):}}<br />Candlesticks for [[Shabbat]], a cup for [[Handwashing in Judaism|ritual handwashing]], a [[Chumash (Judaism)|Chumash]] and a [[Hebrew Bible|Tanakh]], a [[Yad|Torah pointer]], a [[shofar]], and an [[Jewish ceremonial art#Sukkot items|etrog box]]. | type = [[Ethnic religion]] | main_classification = [[Abrahamic religions|Abrahamic]] | orientation = | scripture = [[Tanakh]], [[Talmud]], [[Midrash]] | theology = [[God in Judaism|Monotheistic]] | associations = | area = Predominant religion in [[Israel]] and [[Jewish diaspora|widespread worldwide as minorities]] | language = [[Biblical Hebrew]] and [[Biblical Aramaic]] | founder = [[Abraham]] and [[Moses]] (according to tradition) | founded_date = {{circa|6th century BCE}} | founded_place = [[History of ancient Israel and Judah|Judah]] | separated_from = [[Yahwism]] | separations = [[Samaritanism]]<br />[[Mandaeism]]<br />[[Christianity]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Ehrman |first=Bart D. |author-link=Bart D. Ehrman |year=2005 |orig-date=2003 |title=Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew |chapter=At Polar Ends of the Spectrum: Early Christian Ebionites and Marcionites |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=URdACxKubDIC&pg=PA95 |location=[[Oxford]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=95–112 |doi=10.1017/s0009640700110273 |isbn=978-0-19-518249-1 |lccn=2003053097 |s2cid=152458823 |access-date=20 January 2021 |issn = 0009-6407}}</ref><ref name="Hurtado 2005">{{cite book |last=Hurtado |first=Larry W. |author-link=Larry Hurtado |year=2005 |chapter=How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Approaches to Jesus-Devotion in Earliest Christianity |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xi5xIxgnNgcC&pg=PA13 |title=How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus |location=[[Grand Rapids, Michigan]] and [[Cambridge|Cambridge, UK]] |publisher=[[Wm. B. Eerdmans]] |pages=13–55 |isbn=978-0-8028-2861-3 |access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Freeman |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Freeman (historian) |year=2010 |title=A New History of Early Christianity |chapter=Breaking Away: The First Christianities |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5_in-6VLgRoC&pg=PA31 |location=[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] and [[London]] |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |pages=31–46 |doi=10.12987/9780300166583 |isbn=978-0-300-12581-8 |jstor=j.ctt1nq44w |lccn=2009012009 |s2cid=170124789 |access-date=20 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Wilken |first=Robert Louis |year=2013 |title=The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity |chapter=Beginning in Jerusalem |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iW1-JImrwQUC&pg=PA6 |location=[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] and [[London]] |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |pages=6–16 |isbn=978-0-300-11884-1 |jstor=j.ctt32bd7m |lccn=2012021755 |s2cid=160590164 |access-date=20 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author-last=Lietaert Peerbolte |author-first=Bert Jan |year=2013 |chapter=How Antichrist Defeated Death: The Development of Christian Apocalyptic Eschatology in the Early Church |editor1-last=Krans |editor1-first=Jan |editor2-last=Lietaert Peerbolte |editor2-first=L. J. |editor3-last=Smit |editor3-first=Peter-Ben |editor4-last=Zwiep |editor4-first=Arie W. |title=Paul, John, and Apocalyptic Eschatology: Studies in Honour of Martinus C. de Boer |location=[[Leiden]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |series=[[Novum Testamentum|Novum Testamentum: Supplements]] |volume=149 |pages=238–255 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MoKxIeOTkqYC&pg=PA238 |doi=10.1163/9789004250369_016 |isbn=978-90-04-25026-0 |issn=0167-9732 |s2cid=191738355 |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> | number_of_followers = {{circa|15.2 million}} (referred to as [[Jews]]) }} [[File:Hildesheim Synagogenmahnmal 3.jpg|thumb|[[Star of David]] aur saath-haanth-waala [[candle]] holder (''menorah'') yhudi ke symbol hae. Ii chhaapa ke [[cube]] puraana [[synagogue]] me hae. Ise [[the Holocaust]] ke yaad me banaawa gais rahaa.]] '''Yahudi''' (Hebrew: יַהֲדוּת‎‎ Yahăḏūṯ) ek rakam ke dharm hae. 14 se 15 million Yahudi [[dunia]] mein hae. == Duusra websites == * [http://www.Chabad.org Yahudi log ke ek barraa website] * [http://www.dinur.org/1.html?rsID=219 The Jewish History Resource Center] Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem * [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=666&letter=J&search=Judaism Judaism article from the 1901-1906 ''Jewish Encyclopedia''] * [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ The Jewish Virtual Library] * [http://www.ou.org/ Orthodox Judaism - The Orthodox Union: Official website] * [http://www.uscj.org/index1.html The United Synagogues of Conservative Judaism: Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420025531/http://www.uscj.org/index1.html |date=2016-04-20 }} * [http://www.askmoses.com/ Askmoses.com: Orthodox Judaism ke site jon ki Judaism ke basics ke samjhae hae.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902022924/http://www.askmoses.com/ |date=2019-09-02 }} * [http://www.jrf.org/ Jewish Reconstructionist Federation: Official website] * [http://www.chabad.org/article.asp?AID=63255 The Judaica Press Complete Tanach with Rashi in English] * [http://www.jewishmuseum.info/ Global Directory of Jewish Museums] [[Vibhag:Y]] [[Category:Judaism| ]] s902rhaz916c31b5y5tvbq0ma4qt518 Akhvakh bhasa 0 10488 336558 326252 2026-07-11T00:12:57Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 336558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Akhvakh | nativename = {{lang|akv|Ашвaлъи мицIи}} {{tlit|akv|ašʷaƛi mic’ːi}} | states = [[North Caucasus]], [[Azerbaijan]] | region = Southern [[Dagestan]], northern Azerbaijan | ethnicity = [[Akhvakh people|Akhvakh]] | speakers = 7,521 in Dagestan | date = | ref = <ref name="2020 census">[https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab7_VPN-2020.xlsx Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку]</ref> | familycolor = Caucasian | fam1 = [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] | fam2 = [[Avar–Andic languages|Avar–Andic]] | fam3 = [[Andic languages|Andic]] | fam4 = Akhvakh–Tindi | iso3 = akv | glotto = akhv1240 | glottoname = Akhvakhic | pronunciation = {{IPA|[aʃʷat͡ɬi mit͡s’ːi]}} | map = [[File:Northeast Caucasus languages map en.svg]] | mapcaption = {{legend|#7234C9|Akhvakh}} | map2 = [[File:Lang Status 60-DE.svg]] | mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Akhvakh is classified as Definitely Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]'' (2010)}}}} | speakers2 = 6,500 total (2006)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kori͡akov |first=I͡U B. |url=http://www.lingvarium.org/raznoe/publications/caucas/alw-cau-reestr.pdf |title=Atlas kavkazskikh i͡azykov: s prilozheniem polnogo reestra i͡azykov |date=2006 |publisher=Piligrim |others=Institut i͡azykoznanii͡a (Rossiĭskai͡a akademii͡a nauk) |isbn=978-5-9900772-1-8 |location=Moskva |chapter=РЕЕСТР КАВКАЗСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ}}</ref><br>20,000 total (2007)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-21 |title=Ахвахский язык |url=https://bigenc.ru/c/akhvakhskii-iazyk-ca7e27 |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=Большая российская энциклопедия |language=ru |archive-date=2025-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917164248/https://bigenc.ru/c/akhvakhskii-iazyk-ca7e27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | script = [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] }} '''Akhvakh bhasa''' ek Northeast Caucasian [[bhasa]] hae, jisme [[Russia]] ke north Caucasus ke 20,000 Akhvakh log baat kare hae. [[vibhag:A]] [[vibhag:Russia ke bhasa]] [[vibhag:Northeast Caucasian bhasa]] {{Bhasa-stub}} gy4hjpr8e99uc4y2oq1gq23i1tbvtpb Rugby Union Viswa Cup 0 26152 336562 329313 2026-07-11T08:45:40Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 336562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox rugby league football competition | current_season = | logo = Rugby World Cup Trophy.JPG | pixels = 175px | caption = Rugby Union Viswa Cup Trophy, Webb Ellis Cup | sport = [[Rugby Union]] | founded = [[1987 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1987]]<ref>http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/archive/season=1987/index.html</ref> | teams = 20 (Finals mae) | countrytag = shetra | country = [[International]] | gov_body = [[International Rugby Board|IRB]] | championtag = | champion = {{flagicon|NZ}} [[New Zealand Rashtra Rugby Union Team|New Zealand]] | season = [[2015 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2015]] | next host = {{flagicon|JAP}} [[2019 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|Japan]] | current = [[2015 Rugby Union Viswa Cup]] | most_champs = {{flagicon|NZ}} [[New Zealand Rashtra Rugby Union Team|New Zealand]] | count = 3 | website = [http://www.rugbyworldcup.com Adhikarik website] }} '''Rugby Union Viswa Cup''', ii ka '''Rugby Viswa Cup''' bhi kaha jata hae, ii ek [[Rugby Union]] tournament hae, ii tournament haar char saal mae eko bar khela jata rahiis hae. Ii tournament paheli baar यह प्रतियोगिता सर्वप्रथम [[1987 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1987]] mae [[New Zealand]] aur [[Australia]] dwara co-host kiya gaya rahiis.<ref>http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/archive/season=1987/index.html</ref> Sabse haal ka tournament [[2011 Rugby Union Viswa Cup]] mae [[England]] mae khela gaya rahiis; [[New Zealand]] ka rashtra team-[[New Zealand Rashtra Rugby Union Team|All Blacks]] - final mae [[Australia Rashtra Rugby Union Team|Australia]] ko hara kar viswa cup jeeta.<ref>http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/rugby-union/34671255</ref> Champion ko [[Webb Ellis Cup]] diya jata hae, ii cup [[William Webb Ellis]] kay naam par hae, ek kahani kay hisaab say Webb Ellis nae rugby khel ki shuruwat ki rahiis.<ref name="Davies10-08-07">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/6255164.stm|title=William Webb Ellis – fact or fiction?|last=Davies|first=Sean|date=10 अगस्त 2007|publisher=BBC|accessdate=2009-10-23}}</ref><ref name="Dunning-Sheard2005">{{cite book|coauthors=Eric Dunning, Kenneth Sheard|title=Barbarians, gentlemen and players: a sociological study of the development of rugby football|publisher=Routledge|location=Oxon|year=2005|edition=2nd|pages=52–53|chapter=Part I: 2. Football in the early-nineteenth-century public schools|isbn=0-7146-5353-5|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vBUKfHq4lngC|accessdate=2009-10-24}} (ISBN 9780714653532)</ref> [[New Zealand]] nae teen baar, [[Australia]] aur [[South Africa]] do baar ii trophy jeeti aur [[England]] nae ek baar. Ii tournament, ''Rugby Viswa Cup Limited'' dwara Sangathit kiya jata rahiis, ii [[International Rugby Board]] (''IRB'') ka hissa hae. [[Japan]] [[2019 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2019]] mae tournament ka maejaban hoga. ==Vijayta kii suchi== {| class=wikitable style=font-size:90%;width:100%;text-align:center |- ! rowspan=2 style=width:5%|Saal ! rowspan=2 style=width:12%|Maejaban | style=width:1% rowspan=11| !colspan=3|Final | style=width:1% rowspan=11| !colspan=3|Bronze Final !width=1% rowspan=11 style=background:#ffffff| !rowspan=2 width=4%|Teams ki ginti |- !width=15%|Vijayta !width=8%|Score !width=15%|Upvijayta !width=15%|3rd sthan !width=8%|Score !width=15%|4th sthan |- | [[1987 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1987]] |align=left|{{flag|Australia}} &<br>{{flag|New Zealand}} |'''{{ru-big|New Zealand}}''' |'''29–9''' |{{ru-big|France}} |{{ru-big|Wales}} |'''22–21''' |{{ru-big|Australia}} |16 |- style=background:#D0E6FF | [[1991 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1991]] |align=left|{{flag|England}},<br>{{flag|France}},<br>[[File:IRFU flag.svg|22px]] [[Ireland]]<br>{{flag|Scotland}} &<br>{{flag|Wales}} |'''{{ru-big|Australia}}''' |'''12–6''' |{{ru-big|England}} |{{ru-big|New Zealand}} |'''13–6''' |{{ru-big|Scotland}} |16 |- | [[1995 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1995]] |align=left|{{flag|South Africa}} |'''{{ru-big|South Africa}}''' |'''15–12'''<br>(aet) |{{ru-big|New Zealand}} |{{ru-big|France}} |'''19–9''' |{{ru-big|England}} |16 |- style=background:#D0E6FF | [[1999 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1999]] |align=left|{{flag|Wales}} |'''{{ru-big|Australia}}''' |'''35–12''' |{{ru-big|France}} |{{ru-big|South Africa}} |'''22–18''' |{{ru-big|New Zealand}} |20 |- | [[2003 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2003]] |align=left|{{flag|Australia}} |'''{{ru-big|England}}''' |'''20–17'''<br>(aet) |{{ru-big|Australia}} |{{ru-big|New Zealand}} |'''40–13''' |{{ru-big|France}} |20 |- style=background:#D0E6FF | [[2007 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2007]] |align=left|{{flag|France}} |'''{{ru-big|South Africa}}''' |'''15–6''' |{{ru-big|England}} |{{ru-big|Argentina}} |'''34–10''' |{{ru-big|France}} |20 |- | [[2011 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2011]] |align=left|{{flag|New Zealand}} |'''{{ru-big|New Zealand}}''' |'''8–7''' |{{ru-big|France}} | {{ru-big|Australia}} |'''21–18''' | {{ru-big|Wales}} |20 |- style=background:#D0E6FF | [[2015 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2015]] | align=left|{{flag|England}} |'''{{ru-big|New Zealand}}''' |'''34–17''' |{{ru-big|Australia}} |{{ru-big|South Africa}} |'''24–13''' |{{ru-big|Argentina}} |20 |- | ''[[2019 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2019]]'' | align=left|''{{flag|Japan}}'' | | | | | | |20 |- |} * ''aet'': extra time kay baad ==Teams ka Pradarshan== [[File:Rugby world cup countries best results and hosts rev1.png|1000px|Teams ka Pradarshan]] ==Upasthiti== {| class=wikitable sortable style=text-align:center |+ Upasthiti ankraa<ref name=2012YearInReview>{{cite book | title = International Rugby Board Year in Review 2012 | page = 62 | url = https://images.worldrugby.org/view-item?i=38261 | publisher = International Rugby Board | accessdate = 21 July 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721190410/https://images.worldrugby.org/view-item?i=38261 |date=21 July 2015 }}</ref> |- !scope=col|Saal !scope=col|Maejaban !scope=col|Upasthiti !scope=col|Matches !scope=col|Avg Upasthiti !scope=col|% change !scope=col|Stadium capacity !scope=col|% of capacity |- ! scope=row | [[1987 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1987]] | align=left| {{flag|Australia}} &<br>{{flag|New Zealand}} ||604,500||32||20,156|| --|| 1,006,350|| 60% |- ! scope=row | [[1991 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1991]] | align=left| {{flag|England}},<br>{{flag|France}},<br>[[File:IRFU flag.svg|22px]] [[Ireland]]<br>{{flag|Scotland}} &<br>{{flag|Wales}} ||1,007,760||32||31,493|| +56%|| 1,212,800|| 79% |- ! scope=row | [[1995 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1995]] | align=left| {{flag|South Africa}}||1,100,000||32||34,375|| +9%|| 1,423,850|| 77% |- ! scope=row | [[1999 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1999]] | align=left| {{flag|Wales}}||1,750,000||41||42,683|| +24%|| 2,104,500|| 83% |- ! scope=row | [[2003 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2003]] | align=left| {{flag|Australia}}||1,837,547||48||38,282|| -10%|| 2,208,529|| 83% |- ! scope=row | [[2007 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2007]] | align=left| {{flag|France}}||2,263,223||48||47,150|| +23%|| 2,470,660|| 92% |- ! scope=row | [[2011 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2011]] | align=left| {{flag|New Zealand}}||1,477,294||48||30,777|| -35%|| 1,732,000|| 85% |- ! scope=row | [[2015 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2015]] | align=left| {{flag|England}}||2,477,805||48||51,621||+68%||2,600,741||95% |} ==Aamdani== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Rugby Union Viswa Cup ki Aamdani<ref name=2012YearInReview /> |- !scope=col|Source !scope=col|[[1987 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1987]] !scope=col|[[1991 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1991]] !scope=col|[[1995 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1995]] !scope=col|[[1999 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|1999]] !scope=col|[[2003 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2003]] !scope=col|[[2007 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2007]] !scope=col|[[2011 Rugby Union Viswa Cup|2011]] |- ! scope=row |Tickets (M [[Pound sterling|£]]) || --|| --||15||55||81||147||131 |- ! scope=row |TV rights (M £) || --|| --||19||44||60||82||93 |- ! scope=row |Sponsorship (M £) || --|| --||8||18||16||28||29 |} ==References== <references/> ==Bahaari jorr== {{Commonscat|Rugby World Cup|Rugby Union Viswa Cup}} * [http://www.rugbyworldcup.com Adhikarik website] * [https://www.atlastelekom.com.tr/ Toptan kontör bayiliği] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018041802/https://www.atlastelekom.com.tr/ |date=2022-10-18 }} Sampadan Rugby Union Viswa Cup (bhaag) * [http://www.worldrugby.org/ World Rugby] [[Category:Khel kuud]] [[Vibhag:Rugby Union]] ojf4c29vysdrtjufrnxzfijwcepok4n Kylian Mbappe 0 56639 336556 320691 2026-07-10T14:18:40Z Gabriel from92 40622 336556 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kylian Mbappe - France v Norway - 26 June 2026 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kylian Mbappe 2026 me.]] '''Kylian Mbappe Lottin''': Li ek 24 saal ke prolific footballer hai. Li ne ek baar [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]] jita hai aur li 2022 ke [[Qatar]] ke World Cup ke penalties finals ke liye mashoor hai. Li prolific young athletes mein se hai aur [[PSG]] ke liye khelte hai aur 4 bar series title winner bhi hai. Li ne 40 goals 70 matches mein banaye hai. == Career == Li ke transfer ke pagar 180 million dollars rahe hai. == Li bhi dekho == [[Zlatan Ibrahimovic]] aur [[Lionel Messi]] [[vibhag:K]] [[vibhag:M]] [[vibhag:L]] t1q8mhzvyfv7bedvfqh6n13mwmit65a sadasya ke baat:Rimushh 3 57572 336564 302324 2026-07-11T11:20:05Z Jules* 34294 Jules* moved panna [[sadasya ke baat:XorcWt]] se [[sadasya ke baat:Rimushh]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/XorcWt|XorcWt]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Rimushh|Rimushh]]" 302324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=XorcWt}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 12:52, 8 Actobar 2023 (UTC) fr5qb36orh8vatsi76ixohl6cj9vqnt Maurya Samrajya 0 66903 336559 334021 2026-07-11T06:34:31Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 336559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Maurya Empire | common_name = Mauryan Empire | native_name = | era = [[Iron Age]] | government_type = [[Monarchy]] | event_start = [[Nanda-Mauryan War]] | event1 = [[Kalinga War]] | date_event1 = 261 BCE | year_start = ca. 320&nbsp;BCE&nbsp; | status = [[Empire]] | year_end = &nbsp;185&nbsp;BCE | event_end = Brihadratha ke hatya<br/>[[Pushyamitra Shunga]] se | p1 = Nanda Empire | p2 = Arachosia | p3 = Paropamisadae | p4 = Parada kingdom | p5 = Aparanta | p6 = Saurashtra (region) | p7 = Andhras | s1 = Shunga Empire | p14 = Kalinga (historical region) | flag_s1 = | s2 = Indo-Greek Kingdom | flag_s2 = | s3 = Mitra dynasty (Kosambi) | flag_s3 = | s4 = Yaudheyas | flag_s4 = | s5 = Samatata | flag_s5 = | s6 = Satavahana dynasty | s7 = Mahameghavahana dynasty | s10 = | flag_s6 = | today = [[South Asia]] | image_map = File:Samrajya-maurya-fi.png | image_map_caption =Maurya Samrajya ke failaav 260 BCE ke time aur Chandragupta, Bindusara aur Ashoka ke yogdaan.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Timeline of South Asian History – Mauryan Empire (321–181 BCE), Plate III.B.4|url=https://timelinesouthasianhistory.hsites.harvard.edu/mauryan-empire-321-%E2%80%93-181-bce|website=A Timeline of South Asian History|publisher=Harvard University|access-date=7 December 2025|archive-date=7 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207043645/https://timelinesouthasianhistory.hsites.harvard.edu/mauryan-empire-321-%E2%80%93-181-bce|url-status=dead}}</ref> | capital = [[Pataliputra]]<br />(abhi ke [[Patna]] ke lage) | common_languages = [[Sanskrit]] (parrhai/likhaai me),<br/> [[Magadhi Prakrit]] (maatr bhasa) | religion = {{plainlist| *[[Brahmanism]]{{sfn|Nath Sen|1999|p= 164, (215) 217}} *[[Jainism]]{{sfn|Smith|1981|p=99}}{{sfn|Dalrymple|2009}}{{sfn|Keay|1981|p=85-86}} *[[Buddhism]]{{sfn|Bronkhorst|2020|p=68}}{{sfn|Long|2020|p=255}} *[[Ājīvika|Ajivikism]]{{sfn|Bronkhorst|2020|p=68}}{{sfn|Long|2020|p=255}} *[[Greek polytheism]]<br />[[Zoroastrianism]]{{sfn|Boyce|Grenet|1991|p=149}}}} | demonym = Indian | GDP_PPP = | currency = [[Karshapana]] | title_leader = [[List of Maurya Emperors|Emperor]] | leader1 = [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]] {{small|(pahila)}} | year_leader1 = ca. 321–298&nbsp;BCE | leader2 = [[Bindusara]] {{small|(duusra)}} | year_leader2 = 298–272&nbsp;BCE | leader3 = [[Ashoka the Great|Ashoka]] {{small|(tiisra)}} | year_leader3 = 268–232&nbsp;BCE | leader4 = [[Dasharatha Maurya|Dasharatha]] {{small|(chauthaa)}} | year_leader4 = 232–224&nbsp;BCE | leader5 = [[Samprati]] {{small|()}}paanchwa | year_leader5 = 224–215&nbsp;BCE | leader6 = [[Shalishuka]] {{small|(chhataa)}} | year_leader6 = 215–202&nbsp;BCE | leader7 = [[Devavarman (Maurya)|Devavarman]] {{small|(saatwa)}} | year_leader7 = 202–195&nbsp;BCE | leader8 = [[Shatadhanvan]] {{small|(aathwa)}} | year_leader8 = 195–187&nbsp;BCE | leader9 = [[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]] {{small|(nauaa & aakhri)}} | year_leader9 = 187–185&nbsp;BCE | stat_year1 = 261 BCE | stat_area1 = 3400000 | ref_area1 = {{sfn|Taagepera|1979|p=132}} | stat_year2 = 250 BCE | stat_area2 = 5000000 | ref_area2 = <ref name="Turchin223">{{cite journal|last2=Adams|first2=Jonathan M.|last3=Hall|first3=Thomas D|date=December 2006|title=East-West Orientation of Historical Empires|url=http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/article/view/369/381|journal=Journal of World-Systems Research|volume=12|issue=2|page=223|issn=1076-156X|last1=Turchin|first1=Peter|access-date=16 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520161830/http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/article/view/369/381|archive-date=20 May 2019}}</ref> | stat_year3 = 3rd century BC | stat_pop3 = 15,000,000&ndash;30,000,000 }} '''Maurya Samrajya''', [[South Asia]] ke ek barraa empire rahaa, jiske rajdhani [[Magadha]] me rahaa. Iske [[Chandragupta Maurya]] lagbhag 320 BC me suruu karis rahaa aur ii 185 BC talak rahaa. Ii empire ke baare me jaankari [[Greece]] ke [[Megasthenes]] aur [[Ashoka ke Edicts]] se mila hae.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/timescompacthist0000unse_g4l2|page=28||title=The Times compact history of the world|date=2008|publisher=London : Times Books|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-00-726731-6}}</ref> Yudh me vijay aur kuutnitik sandhi se, [[Chandragupta Maurya]], [[Nanda dynasty]] ke harae ke aapan adhikaar ke pachchhim me Afghanistan talak, [[Hindu Kush]] ke niche aur dakchhin me uttar [[Deccan]] talak failae diis rahaa; lekin, Magadha ilaaka se duur, uu jamaana ke technology aur infrastructure ke kaaran uske raaj samaj ke gahiraai me nai jaae sakaa rahaa. Chandragupta ke potaa, [[Ashoka the Great|Ashoka]] (ca. 268–232 BCE) ke raaj me, ii samrajya kuchh saal talak [[Indian Subcontinent|subcontinent]] ke sab rasta aur naddi ke control karat rahaa, ekdam south ke chhorr ke. Maurya ke raajdhaani (jon abhi ke [[Patna]] hae), Magadha me rahaa; aur khaas ilaaka rahaa [[Taxila]] northwest me; [[Ujjain]], [[Malwa Plateau]] me; [[Kalinga (region)|Kalinga]] [[Bay of Bengal]] ke coast me; aur sher kiimti dhaatu waala lower [[Deccan Plateau]]. Iske baahar, samrajya ke pakarr, senapati ke wafaadaari pe nibhar rahaa, jon uu sab city ke control karat rahin jon duur rahaa. Mauryan economy ke [[Buddhism]] aur [[Jainism]] ke barrhe se madat mila rahaa&mdash; ii dharam ahimsa ke promote kare hae, bina koi kaaran ke sacrifices aur rituals ke virod karat rahin, aur vaypaar kare ke kharchaa ke kamti kar de rahin sikka ke kaam me laae ke; aur likhaai se vyapaa aur barrha rahaa. Purab me Ganga ke plains me achchhaa aamdani waala kheto ke baawajuut, samundar aur naddi se trade ke aawakshataa rahaa jisse kuchh khaas chij jaise consumption goods aur bahmulya dhaatu ke paawa jaawe sake. Sardi ke mausam me trade ke barrhaawa de ke khaatir, Maurya raaj-kul rasta banaae rahin, jisme se khaas uu hae jon eastern Afghanistan ke capital [[Patliputra|Pataliputra]] se jorre hae, saal ke uu time me jab naddi me paani kamti rahe hae aur iske sahaj me paar karaa jaae sake hae. Duusra rasta Ganga ke basin ke west me Arabian Sea coast se jurre hae, aur [[precious metal]]-rich mines se dakchhin me.<ref name="Stein-Arnold-2013-lead-3">{{harvtxt|Stein|Arnold|2010|p=73}}: "Knitting these regions together were important trade routes. The northern road (uttarapatha) extended from Bengal to Taxila; another branched from the Ganges near the juncture with the Yamuna, joined the Narmada basin and continued to the Arabian seaport of Bharukaccha (Broach). Yet another branched southward (dakshinapatha) from Ujjain to the regional capital of Suvarnagiri, a centre for the production of gold and iron"</ref> ==Naam== [[Ashoka the Great|Ashoka]] ke raaj ke s 𑀚𑀁𑀩𑀼𑀤𑀻𑀧 ''Jaṃbudīpa'' naam lewa jaawe hae [[Edicts of Ashoka|his edicts]] me. Ii sabd ke naam "island/continent of [[Syzygium cumini|jambu]]" hae, jon puura [[Indian subcontinent]] ke naam puraana Indian sources me hae. Parrosi des ke log ii jagha ke dher upnaam se bolat rahin, jaise ke Greek {{Lang|grc|Ἰνδῐ́ᾱ}} ({{transliteration|grc|Indíā}}, jon [[Indus Naddi]] se aais hae), jisse dher [[Europe]]an [[bhasa]] me ii common naam subcontinent ke aais hae, jisme [[English language|English]] bhi hae. Ii duuno sabd, jaada kar ke geographical hae, political nai, aur saadhaaran bhasa me isme uu ilaaka bhi hoe sakat rahaa jon Maurya ke adikaar ke niche nai rahaa. "Maurya" naam ke Edicts of Ashoka me nai dekha jaawe hae, aur uu jamaana ke Greek accounts, jaise ki [[Megasthenes]]'s ''[[Indica (Megasthenes)|Indica]]'' me bhi nai, jiske ii sab source se saabut mile hae:{{sfn|Irfan Habib|Vivekanand Jha|2004|p=14}} *[[Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman]] (c. 150 CE) me "Maurya" naam ke Chandragupta aur Ashoka ke naam ke aage lagaawa gais hae.{{sfn|Irfan Habib|Vivekanand Jha|2004|p=14}} * [[Puranas]] (c. 4th century CE or earlier) Maurya ke ek dynastic appellation ke ruup me kaam me laawe hae.{{sfn|Irfan Habib|Vivekanand Jha|2004|p=14}} * Buddhist texts batawe hae ki Chandragupta "[[Moriya (tribe)|Moriya]]" gut, jon Shakyas rahin, ke rahaa, wahii gut jiske [[Gautama Buddha]] rahaa.{{sfn|Irfan Habib|Vivekanand Jha|2004|p=14}} * Jain texta bataawe hae ki Chandraguptaek imperial superintendent of peacocks (''mayura-poshaka'') ke larrka rahaa.{{sfn|Irfan Habib|Vivekanand Jha|2004|p=14}} *[[Sangam literature|Tamil Sangam literature]] iske '{{transliteration|ta|moriyar}}' kare hae aur [[Nanda Empire|Nandas]] ke naam ke baad me lagaawe hae<ref name="Singh 2008">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ&q=mokur+sangam+poem&pg=PA385|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|last=Singh|first=Upinder|date=2008|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131716779|language=en}}</ref> *[[Kuntala country|Kuntala]] inscription (from the town of Bandanikke, [[Mysore district|North Mysore]]) jon 12th century AD ke hae, ii batae hae ki Maurya ek gut rahaa jon ii ilaaka pe raaj karat rahaa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.107941|title=Annual Report Of Mysore 1886 To 1903|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> == Patan == Ashoka ke bād kamzor rājā log āe, aur samrajya dhīre-dhīre tukra-tukra hū gaye. Dasharatha aur Samprati jaise rājā log ilāka sambhāl na sake, aur kayi bhāg alag hote gai. Bāhar ke hamlā, bhaari prashāsan, aur kendriya shakti ke kamjor honā bhi patan ke kāran rahaa. Ant mẽ 180 BCE mẽ rājā Brihadratha ke uske senaapati Pushyamitra Shunga dwārā hathyā ke bād Maurya Samrajya samaapt hū gayā, aur Shunga Vansh uṭh ke āyā.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077244.001.0001/acprof-9780198077244-chapter-7 |title=Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas |last=Thapar |first=Romila |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford Scholarship Online |isbn=9780198077244 |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077244.003.0031}}</ref> ==References== <references/> [[vibhag:M]] [[vibhag:India ke itihaas]] [[vibhag:320 BC establishments]] [[vibhag:185 BC disestablishments]] g1ddnyrlplstn9f8fk62xyy7nag3unv Henryk Sienkiewicz 0 69254 336550 2026-07-10T12:05:58Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer<!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | awards = {{awards|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|1905}} | name = Henryk Sienkiewicz | image = Henryk Sienkiewicz ca 1885 (45871548) (cropped).jpg | caption = Sienkiewicz, {{circa|1885}} | birth_name = Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1846|5|5}} | birth_place = Wola..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer<!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | awards = {{awards|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|1905}} | name = Henryk Sienkiewicz | image = Henryk Sienkiewicz ca 1885 (45871548) (cropped).jpg | caption = Sienkiewicz, {{circa|1885}} | birth_name = Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1846|5|5}} | birth_place = [[Wola Okrzejska]], Lublin Governorate, Russian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1916|11|15|1846|5|5}} | death_place = [[Vevey]], Vaud, Swiss Confederacy | occupation = {{hlist|Writer|novelist|journalist}} | language = Polish | period = 19th–20th century | signature = Henryk Sienkiewicz signature.svg | pseudonym = Litwos | resting_place = [[St. John's Archcathedral, Warsaw]] | alma_mater = [[Main School of Warsaw]] | movement = [[Positivism]] | spouse = Maria Sienkiewicz née Szetkiewicz }} '''Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz''' ({{IPAc-en|US|ʃ|ɛ|n|ˈ|k|j|eɪ|v|ɪ|tʃ|,_|-|j|ɛ|v|-}} {{respell|shen|KYAY|vitch|,_-|KYEV|itch}};<ref>{{Cite web|Sienkiewicz|access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sienkiewicz|title=Sienkiewicz|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Citeweb|Sienkiewicz|access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|pl|ˈxɛnrɨk ˈadam alɛkˈsandɛr ˈpjus ɕɛnˈkʲɛvit͡ʂ|lang}}; [[5 May]] [[1846]] – [[15 November]] [[1916]]), jiske '''Litwos''' ({{IPA|pl|ˈlitfɔs|lang}}) ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae, [[Poland]] ke ek epic writer rahaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/search/?s=sienkiewicz&nonce=1703367060000|quote=an epic writer|title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1905|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|access-date=23 December 2023}}</ref> Sienkiewicz ke uske historical novels ke khaatir jaana jaawe hae, jaise [[The Trilogy of Sienkiewicz|the Trilogy series]] aur khaas kar ke uske internationally known best-seller ''[[Quo Vadis (novel)|Quo Vadis]]'' (1895–1896). ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1846|1916|Sienkiewicz, Henryk}} [[Vibhag:S]] [[Vinhag:Poland ke lekhak]] ohu4rotgpuvoikrd4gh9jx6tppo3tzx 336551 336550 2026-07-10T12:06:21Z Sampaadak 1104 336551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer<!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | awards = {{awards|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|1905}} | name = Henryk Sienkiewicz | image = Henryk Sienkiewicz ca 1885 (45871548) (cropped).jpg | caption = Sienkiewicz, {{circa|1885}} | birth_name = Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1846|5|5}} | birth_place = [[Wola Okrzejska]], Lublin Governorate, Russian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1916|11|15|1846|5|5}} | death_place = [[Vevey]], Vaud, Swiss Confederacy | occupation = {{hlist|Writer|novelist|journalist}} | language = Polish | period = 19th–20th century | signature = Henryk Sienkiewicz signature.svg | pseudonym = Litwos | resting_place = [[St. John's Archcathedral, Warsaw]] | alma_mater = [[Main School of Warsaw]] | movement = [[Positivism]] | spouse = Maria Sienkiewicz née Szetkiewicz }} '''Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz''' ({{IPAc-en|US|ʃ|ɛ|n|ˈ|k|j|eɪ|v|ɪ|tʃ|,_|-|j|ɛ|v|-}} {{respell|shen|KYAY|vitch|,_-|KYEV|itch}};<ref>{{Cite web|Sienkiewicz|access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sienkiewicz|title=Sienkiewicz|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Citeweb|Sienkiewicz|access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|pl|ˈxɛnrɨk ˈadam alɛkˈsandɛr ˈpjus ɕɛnˈkʲɛvit͡ʂ|lang}}; [[5 May]] [[1846]] – [[15 November]] [[1916]]), jiske '''Litwos''' ({{IPA|pl|ˈlitfɔs|lang}}) ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae, [[Poland]] ke ek epic writer rahaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/search/?s=sienkiewicz&nonce=1703367060000|quote=an epic writer|title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1905|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|access-date=23 December 2023}}</ref> Sienkiewicz ke uske historical novels ke khaatir jaana jaawe hae, jaise [[The Trilogy of Sienkiewicz|the Trilogy series]] aur khaas kar ke uske internationally known best-seller ''[[Quo Vadis (novel)|Quo Vadis]]'' (1895–1896). ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1846|1916|Sienkiewicz, Henryk}} [[Vibhag:S]] [[Vibhag:Poland ke lekhak]] 2r7q09dpaxelaclll356lzr9ofpiamb vibhag:1846 janam 14 69255 336552 2026-07-10T12:06:57Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "[[Vibhag:1846]] [[Vibhag:Janam]]" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336552 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Vibhag:1846]] [[Vibhag:Janam]] 8g29a1ekc4smp6mwbtlgs8lxm0fa3h3 Taras Shevchenko 0 69256 336553 2026-07-10T12:19:30Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer | name = Taras Shevchenko<br/>{{nobold|{{native name|uk|Тарас Шевченко|paren=omit}}}} | image = Т. Г. Шевченко. Квітень 1859.jpg | caption = Shevchenko in 1859 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1814|3|9|df=y}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1861|3|10|1814|3|9|df=y}} | occupation = {{cslist| | Poet | philosopher | painter | graphic artist | [[folklorist]]..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Taras Shevchenko<br/>{{nobold|{{native name|uk|Тарас Шевченко|paren=omit}}}} | image = Т. Г. Шевченко. Квітень 1859.jpg | caption = Shevchenko in 1859 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1814|3|9|df=y}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1861|3|10|1814|3|9|df=y}} | occupation = {{cslist| | Poet | philosopher | painter | graphic artist | [[folklorist]] | [[ethnographer]] | activist | playwright }} | movement = [[Romanticism]] | period = 1832–1861 | notable_works = {{ubl|''[[Kobzar (poetry collection)|Kobzar]]''|''[[Haidamaky (poem)|Haidamaky]]''|''[[Dream (Taras Shevchenko poem)|Dream]]''}} | birth_place = [[Moryntsi|Morintsy]], Russian Empire (now in [[Ukraine]]) | death_place = Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire | alma_mater = [[Imperial Academy of Arts]] | language = {{cslist|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]|Russian}} | pseudonym = [[Kobzar]] | signature = Shevchenko signature.svg }} '''Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko'''"<ref name="nm">{{Cite web|url=http://izbornyk.org.ua/shevchenko/docum02.htm|title=Документи 1–101. Тарас Шевченко: Документи та матеріали до біографії. 1814–1861.|website=izbornyk.org.ua|access-date=2014-02-14|archive-date=2013-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017125323/http://izbornyk.org.ua/shevchenko/docum02.htm|url-status=live}} </ref>). [[9 March]] [[1814]] – [[10 March]] [[1861]]) [[Ukraine]] ke kavi lekhak, artist, public aur political figure, [[folklorist]] aur [[ethnographer]] rahaa. Uske literary heritage, khaas kar ke kavita ke sangrah n ''[[Kobzar (poetry collection)|Kobzar]]'', ke modern [[Ukrainian literature]] ke foundation maana jaawe hae, aur kuchh had talak, Ukrainian bhasa ke bhi. Shevchenko ke creative genius ke significance, [[Culture of Ukraine|Ukrainian]] aur [[Slavs|Slavic]] culture me, ke kaaran uske [[Robert Burns]] se compare karaa jaawe hae.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Taras Shevchenko the National Poet of Ukraine|author=D.Doroshenko|date=1936|page=5|url=https://diasporiana.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/books/7318/file.pdf}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1814|1861|Shevchenko, Taras}} [[Vibhag:S]] [[Vibhag:Ukraine ke kavi]] [[Vibhag:Ukraine ke lekhak]] cy8eyhjmk3kb8r9sk20kqm21wh97jw5 vibhag:1861 maut 14 69257 336554 2026-07-10T12:20:05Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "[[Vibhag:1861]] [[Vibhag:Maut]]" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336554 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Vibhag:1861]] [[Vibhag:Maut]] my4gmqysigheyo01013ay8rg38zcg0y vibhag:Ukraine ke kavi 14 69258 336555 2026-07-10T12:20:44Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "[[Vibhag:Ukraine ke log]] [[Vibhag:Kavi]]" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336555 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Vibhag:Ukraine ke log]] [[Vibhag:Kavi]] c4r9n4lo2odce7qdlupwlf4sf96upb8 sadasya ke baat:Gabriel from92 3 69259 336557 2026-07-10T14:18:41Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 336557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Gabriel from92}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 14:18, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) 449bj41fe257u9shvflhr22278deg8c sadasya ke baat:XorcWt 3 69260 336565 2026-07-11T11:20:05Z Jules* 34294 Jules* moved panna [[sadasya ke baat:XorcWt]] se [[sadasya ke baat:Rimushh]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/XorcWt|XorcWt]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Rimushh|Rimushh]]" 336565 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[sadasya ke baat:Rimushh]] 74eaoo7bs5hn6jy07ukzzo5bhis95gm