Sigmund Freud

Wikipedia hifwiki https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahila_Panna MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter saadhan khaas baat sadasya sadasya ke baat Wikipedia Wikipedia baat file file ke baat MediaWiki MediaWiki ke baat Template Template ke baat madat madat ke baat vibhag voibhag ke baat TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Sigmund Freud 0 5018 336566 334902 2026-07-12T01:47:02Z Bbhamji 1047 336566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |box_width = 240px |name = Sigmund Freud |image = Sigmund Freud LIFE.jpg |image_size = 200px |alt = |caption = Sigmund Freud, by Max Halberstadt, 1914 |birth_name = Sigismund Schlomo Freud |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1856|05|06}} |birth_place = Freiberg, Moravia, [[Czech Republic]] |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1939|09|23|1856|05|06}} |death_place = [[London]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom|UK]] |residence = [[Austria]], [[United Kingdom|UK]] |citizenship = |nationality = [[Austria]]n |ethnicity = Ashkenazi Jew |fields = Neurology Philosophy Psychiatry Psychology Psychotherapy Psychoanalysis Literature |workplaces = University of Vienna |alma_mater = University of Vienna |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = |doctoral_students = |notable_students = |known_for = Psychoanalysis |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = Arthur Schopenhauer [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] Jean-Martin Charcot Josef Breuer |influenced = John Bowlby Viktor Frankl Anna Freud Ernest Jones Carl Jung Melanie Klein Jacques Lacan Fritz Perls Otto Rank Wilhelm Reich |awards = Goethe Prize |religion = Atheist |signature =  |signature_alt = |footnotes = }} '''Sigmund Freud''' ([[6 May]] [[1856]] – [[23 September]] [[1939]]) ek [[Austria]]n neurologist aur mashuur psychologist rahaa. Dher log uske "psychoanalysis ke baap" manat rahin. Uske janam ke naam '''Sigismund Schlomo Freud''' rahaa, lekin 1877 me jab uske umar 21 saal ke rahaa tab uu aapan naam badal ke Sigmund Freud kar liis rahaa. Freud, psychology me important rahaa kahe ki uu pahila admii rahaa jon ki unconscious ke scientifically study karis rahaa. Aapan first book likhe ke baad, Freud, Martha Bernays se saadi karis jisse uske chhe larrkan bhaes aur usme se ek Anna Freud bhi ek famous psychologist banis. Uske janam purana Austro-Hugarian Empire me uu jagha pe jon ki abhi Czech Republic me hae, me bhaes rahaa. 1938 me uu, Jewish hoe ke kaaran, Hitler ke prosecution se bhaage ke khatir, England chal diis jahan pe uske maut 1939 me bhaes rahaa. ==Jiwan kahani== === Bachpan ke din aur Sikchhaa === [[File:Pribor - Birthplace of Sigmund Freud.jpg|left|thumb|alt=photograph|Freud ke janam waala jagha, ek bhaara pe lewa gais room ek locksmith ke ghar me, Freiberg, [[Austrian Empire]] ([[Příbor]], Czech Republic)]] Sigmund Freud ke janam [[Ashkenazi Jewish]] parents se [[Moravia]] ke town [[Freiberg]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digitized Birth Records of Freiberg (Zemský archiv v Opavě) |url=https://digi.archives.cz/da/permalink?xid=be85d01a-f13c-102f-8255-0050568c0263&scan=3196614d700349279f6de3a8330b224a |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=digi.archives.cz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sigmund Freud | Biography, Theories, Works, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sigmund-Freud |website=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=2 May 2023 }}</ref> [[Austrian Empire]] (abhi ke Příbor, [[Czech Republic]]) me bhais rahaa aur uu aath larrkan me sab se barraa rahaa. <ref name="Gresser">Gresser 1994, p. 225.</ref> Uske maiyaa aur bappa [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]] ke rahin. Uske pitaji, [[Jakob Freud]], jon ek wool merchant rahaa, ke dui larrkaa, Emanuel aur Philipp, uske pahila saadi se rahaa. Jakob ke palwaar [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic Jews]] rahin aur, jab Jakob apne ii sankriti se duur hoe gais rahaa, uske [[Torah study]] ke khaatir jaana jaawat rahaa. Uu aur Freud ke maiyaa, [[Amalia Freud|Amalia Nathansohn]], jon usse 20 saal jawaan rahii aur tiisra aurat rahii, ke saadi Rabbi [[Isaac Noah Mannheimer]] 29 July 1855 me karis rahaa.<ref name="Emanuel">{{Cite book |last=Emanuel Rice |title=Freud and Moses: The Long Journey Home |publisher=SUNY Press |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-7914-0453-9 |page=55}}</ref> Uulog ke paisa ke kami rahaa aur ek room ke ek locksmith ke ghar me Schlossergasse 117 me rahat rahin jab Sigmund ke janam bhais rahaa.<ref>Gay 2006, pp. 4–8; Clark 1980, p. 4. * For Jakob's Torah study, see [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2KGVuym5OUC&pg=PA233 Meissner 1993, p. 233]. * For the date of the marriage, see [https://books.google.com/books?id=JhbDnT74kWEC&pg=PA55 Rice 1990, p. 55].</ref> Uu ek [[caul]] ke saathe paida bhais rahaa, jiske uske maiyaa ek positive [[omen]] maanat rahii, lorrkaa ke future ke khaatir.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Deborah P. Margolis, M.A. |url=http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=MPSA.014.0037A |title=Margolis 1989 |journal=Mod. Psychoanal |pages=37–56 |access-date=17 January 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223112728/http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=MPSA.014.0037A |archive-date=23 February 2014|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:AmaliaFreud.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Freud (16 saal ke umar me) aur uske maiyaa, [[Amalia Freud|Amalia]], 1872 me]] 1859 me, [[Freud palwaar]] Freiberg se chal diis. Freud ke half-brothers emigrated to [[Manchester]], England ,igate hoe gay rahin, jiske kaaran uske aapan bachpan ke dost, Emanuel ke larrkaa, John ke chhorre kae parraa.<ref>Jones, Ernest (1964) ''Sigmund Freud: Life and Work.'' Edited and abridged by Lionel Trilling and Stephen Marcus. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books p. 37.</ref> Jakob Freud aapan aurat aur dui larrkan (Freud's sister, Anna, was born in 1858; a brother, Julius, born in 1857, had died in infancy) ke pahile [[Leipzig]] aur baad me, 1860 me [[Vienna]] lae gais rahaa, jahaan pe chaar larrhi aur jahaan pe chaar bahini aur ek bahiyaa ke janam bhais rahaa: Rosa (b. 1860), Marie (b. 1861), Adolfine (b. 1862), Paula (b. 1864), Alexander (b. 1866). 1865 me, the nau saal ke Freud {{lang|de|Leopoldstädter Kommunal-Realgymnasium}} me bharti bhais rajaa, ek jaana-maana high school. Uu bahut achchhaa pupil aur [[Matura]] se graduate 1873 me honors ke saathe bhais rahaa. Uu literature ke pasand karat rahaa aur German, French, Italian, Spanish, English, [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Latin]] aur [[Greek language|Greek]] me achchhaa se baat karat rahaa.<ref>Hothersall 2004, p. 276.</ref> Freud University of Vienna me 17 saal ke umar me bharti bhais rahaa. Uu maangat rahaa wakiili parrhe lekin university me medical faculty me bharti bhais rahaaa, jahaan pe uske parrhai me philosoph [[Franz Brentano]] ke niche rahaa, physiology [[Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke|Ernst Brücke]] ke niche, aur zoology [[Darwinist]] professor [[Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus|Carl Claus]] ke niche.<ref>Hothersall 1995</ref> 1876 me, Freud chaar haptaa talak Claus ke zoological research station [[Trieste]] me rahaa, jahaan pe uu kuchh sau sapaiyaa (eels) ke disect karis rahaa, uulog ke male reproductive organs ke khij me.<ref>See "[[Eel life history#Past studies of eels|past studies of eels]]" and references therein.</ref> 1877 me, Freud Ernst Brücke ke physiology laboratory gais, jahan pe uu chhe saal talak [[insaan]] ke dimaag, duusra vertebrates jaise frogs, [[lampreys]], aur invertebrates, jaise, [[crayfish]] se compare karat rahaa. Uske research kaam biology of nervous tissue ke kaaran [[neuron]] ke [[1890s]] me paawa gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite news |last=Costandi |first=Mo |title=Freud was a pioneering neuroscientist |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/neurophilosophy/2014/mar/10/neuroscience-history-science |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=10 March 2014 |access-date=16 May 2018}} In this period he published three papers: * {{cite book |last=Freud |first=Sigmund |title=Über den Ursprung der hinteren Nervenwurzeln im Rückenmark von Ammocoetes (Petromyzon Planeri) |publisher=na |trans-title=On the Origin of the Posterior Nerve Roots in the Spinal Cord of [[Ammocoetes]] ([[Petromyzon planeri|Petromyzon Planeri]]) |url=https://archive.org/details/b3047467x |year=1877|language=de}} * {{cite book |last=Freud |first=Sigmund |title=Über Spinalganglien und Rückenmark des Petromyzon |trans-title=On the Spinal Ganglia and Spinal Cord of [[Petromyzon]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9I7mgEACAAJ |year=1878|language=de}} * {{cite journal |last=Freud |first=Sigmund |title=A New Histological Method for the Study of Nerve-Tracts in the Brain and Spinal Cord |journal=[[Brain (journal)|Brain]] |date=April 1884 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=86–88 |doi=10.1093/brain/7.1.86|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1935710 }} For a more in-depth analysis: {{cite book |last1=Gamwell |first1=Lynn|author1-link= Lynn Gamwell |last2=Solms |first2=Mark |author-link2=Mark Solms |title=From Neurology to Psychoanalysis |url=https://www.curezone.org/upload/PDF/From_NEUROLOGY_to_PSYCHOANALYSIS_by_Sigmund_Freud.pdf |year=2006 |publisher=[[Binghamton University Art Museum]] |location=[[State University of New York]] |pages=29–33, 37–39|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830064321/https://www.curezone.org/upload/PDF/From_NEUROLOGY_to_PSYCHOANALYSIS_by_Sigmund_Freud.pdf |archive-date=30 August 2017}}</ref> Freud ke research waala kaam 1879 me ruk gais rahaa kaaheki uske ek saal ke compulsory military service kare ke rahaa. Jaada time mile ke kaaran uu chaar essay ke [[John Stuart Mill]] ke collected works me se translate karis rahaa.<ref>Gay 2006 p. 36.</ref> Uu graduate bhais rahaa with [[Doctor of medicine|MD]] March 1881 me.<ref>[[Frank Sulloway|Sulloway]] 1992 [1979], p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=B7XcblnI620C&pg=PA22 22].</ref> ===Suruu ke kaam aur saadi=== 1882 me, Freud aapan medical kaam ke [[Vienna General Hospital]] me suruu karis rahaa. Uske research ke kaam cerebral anatomy me, ke kaaran 1884 me ekn influential paper on the palliative effects of cocaine publish karaa gais rahaa, aur uske kaam [[aphasia]] me uske pahila book, ''On Aphasia: A Critical Study'' ke basis rahaa, jiske 1891 me publish karaa gais rahaa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wallesch |first=Claus |year=2004 |title=History of Aphasia Freud as an aphasiologist |journal=Aphasiology |volume=18 |issue=April |pages=389–399 |doi=10.1080/02687030344000599 |s2cid=144976195}}</ref> Aur tiin saal talak, Freud aspatal ke dher department me kaam karis rahaa. Uske time [[Theodor Meynert]]'s [[Psychiatry|psychiatric]] clinic me aur ek [[locum]] ke ruup me ek local asylum me, ke kaaran clinical kaam me interest aur barrhaa rahaa. Uske dher published research ke kaaran uske ek university lecturer nai to [[docent]] in [[neuropathology]] 1885 me banaawa gais rahaa, jisme uske koi talab nai milat rahaa lekin uu University of Vienna me lecture de sakat rahaa.<ref>Gay 2006, pp. 42–47.</ref> == Duusra websites == * [http://www.freud.org.uk/ Freud Museum] in [[London]] * [http://www.freudfile.org/ Freud's Life and Work] {{BD|1856|1939|Freud, Sigmund}} {{bio-stub}}  [[vibhag:Austria ke Psychologist|Freud, Sigmund]] [[vibhag:F|Freud, Sigmund]] g4ayp7s9fyodrrzun1xoqzvhf9jvbd3 Anna Akhmatova 0 69261 336567 2026-07-12T08:56:57Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer | name = Anna Akhmatova | native_name = Анна Андреевна Ахматова | native_name_lang = ru | image = Анна Ахматова.png | alt = Painting of Akhmatova | caption = Akhmatova, {{circa|1926–1928}} | birth_name = Anna Andreevna Gorenko | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|23 June|1889|11 June}} | birth_place = [[Odessa]], Russian Empire (now in U..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Anna Akhmatova | native_name = Анна Андреевна Ахматова | native_name_lang = ru | image = Анна Ахматова.png | alt = Painting of Akhmatova | caption = Akhmatova, {{circa|1926–1928}} | birth_name = Anna Andreevna Gorenko | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|23 June|1889|11 June}} | birth_place = [[Odessa]], Russian Empire (now in [[Ukraine]]) | death_date = {{death date and age|1966|3|5|1889|6|23|df=yes}} | death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union | resting_place = {{ill|Komarovskoye Cemetery|ru|Комаровское кладбище}}, [[Komarovo, Saint Petersburg|Komarovo, St. Petersburg]] | occupation = {{cslist|Poet|translator|memoirist}} | movement = [[Acmeism]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Nikolai Gumilev]]|1910|1918|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Vladimir Shileyko]]|1918|1926|end=divorced}} }} | partner = [[Nikolay Punin]] (died 1953) | children = [[Lev Gumilev]] | signature = Akhmatova signature.svg }} '''Anna Andreyevna Gorenko'''<ref name='translit'>{{lang-rus|А́нна Андре́евна Горе́нко|p=ˈanːə ɐnˈdrʲe(j)ɪvnə ɡɐˈrʲenkə|a=Anna Andreyevna Gorenko.ru.oga|links=yes}}; {{IPA|uk|ˈɑnːɐ ɐnˈd⁽ʲ⁾r⁽ʲ⁾ijiu̯nɐ ɦoˈrɛnko|IPA}}.</ref> ({{OldStyleDate|23 June|1889|11 June}} – 5 March 1966), known by her [[pen name]] '''Anna Akhmatova''', {{respell|ək|MAH|tə|və}}, {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑː|k|m|ə|ˈ|t|oʊ|v|ə}} {{respell|AHK|mə|TOH|və}};<ref>{{Cite EPD|18|page=12}}</ref> {{lang-rus|А́нна Ахма́това|p=ɐxˈmatəvə}} ek [[Russia]]n aur Soviet kavi rahaa. Uske [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] ke khaatir 1965 aur 1966 me nominate karaa gais rahaa..<ref name="Nobel1965">[https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=13735 Nomination archive – Anna Achmatova] nobelprize.org</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1889|1966|Akhmatova, Anna}} [[Vibhag:A]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke kavi]] c0tpe46bm9tn8ot1fdvejyecnjpui8m Template:OldStyleDate 10 69262 336568 2026-07-12T08:58:41Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{{1}}} [[[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]] {{{3}}}]{{#if: {{{2|}}}| {{{2|}}}|}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude>" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{1}}} [[[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]] {{{3}}}]{{#if: {{{2|}}}| {{{2|}}}|}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> fb4ekk0jnz39ermpdqintm86apdulpk Template:Lang-rus 10 69263 336569 2026-07-12T08:59:36Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "<noinclude>{{Being deleted|2025 April 17|Template:Lang-rus|merge=Template:Langx}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{Language with name|ru|Russian|links={{{links|no}}}|{{{1|}}}|italic={{{italic|unset}}}}}{{#if:{{{r|{{{2|}}}}}}|, [[Romanization of Russian|romanized]]: {{Transliteration|ru|{{{r|{{{2}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{p|{{{3|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{a|{{{4|}}}}}}|<nowiki>,</nowiki> {{IPA|ru|{{{p|{{{3}}}}}}|IPA|{{{a|{{{4}}}}}}}}|<nowiki>,</nowiki> {{IPA|ru..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336569 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Being deleted|2025 April 17|Template:Lang-rus|merge=Template:Langx}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{Language with name|ru|Russian|links={{{links|no}}}|{{{1|}}}|italic={{{italic|unset}}}}}{{#if:{{{r|{{{2|}}}}}}|, [[Romanization of Russian|romanized]]: {{Transliteration|ru|{{{r|{{{2}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{p|{{{3|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{a|{{{4|}}}}}}|<nowiki>,</nowiki> {{IPA|ru|{{{p|{{{3}}}}}}|IPA|{{{a|{{{4}}}}}}}}|<nowiki>,</nowiki> {{IPA|ru|{{{p|{{{3}}}}}}|IPA}}}}}}{{#if:{{{t|{{{5|}}}}}}|<nowiki>,</nowiki> [[Literal translation|lit.]] '{{{t|{{{5|}}}}}}'}}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using lang-rus with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Lang-rus]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | a | italic | links | p | r | t }}{{#if:{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=true|preview=|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 5 | links | r | t }}||{{main other|[[Category:Pages using lang-rus with only langx compatible parameters]]}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> l07a20i8nqi4tlfb4l8dk6f168qoln9 Template:Cite EPD 10 69264 336570 2026-07-12T09:00:52Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "<noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Jones |first=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician) |year={{{year|{{#switch:{{{1|1}}} |1=1917 |2=1924 |3=1926 |4=1937 |5=1940 |6=1944 |7=1945 |8=1947 |9=1948 |10=1949 |11=1956 |12=1963 |13=1967 |14=1977 |14r=1988 |14c=1991 |15=1997 |16=2003 |17=2006 |18=2011 }}}}} |editor-last1={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |13|14|14r|14c=Gimson |15|16|..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336570 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Jones |first=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician) |year={{{year|{{#switch:{{{1|1}}} |1=1917 |2=1924 |3=1926 |4=1937 |5=1940 |6=1944 |7=1945 |8=1947 |9=1948 |10=1949 |11=1956 |12=1963 |13=1967 |14=1977 |14r=1988 |14c=1991 |15=1997 |16=2003 |17=2006 |18=2011 }}}}} |editor-last1={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |13|14|14r|14c=Gimson |15|16|17|18=Roach }} |editor-first1={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |13|14|14r|14c=A. 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Gimson |15|16|17|18=Peter Roach (phonetician) }} |editor-last2={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |14r|14c=Ramsaran |15|16|17=Hartman |18=Setter }} |editor-first2={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |14r|14c=Susan |15|16|17=James |18=Jane }} |editor-link2={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |18=Jane Setter }} |editor-last3={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |15|16|17=Setter |18=Esling }} |editor-first3={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |15|16|17=Jane |18=John }} |editor-link3={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |15|16|17=Jane Setter |18=John Esling }} |title={{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|[[English Pronouncing Dictionary|{{#switch:{{{1|14c}}} |1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10=An English Pronouncing Dictionary |11|12|13|14|14r=Everyman's English Pronouncing Dictionary |14c=English Pronouncing Dictionary |15|16|17|18=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary }}]]}} |encyclopedia={{#if:{{{2|}}}|[[English Pronouncing Dictionary|{{#switch:{{{1|14c}}} |1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10=An English Pronouncing Dictionary |11|12|13|14|14r=Everyman's English Pronouncing Dictionary |14c=English Pronouncing Dictionary |15|16|17|18=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary }}]]}} |edition={{#switch:{{{1}}} |14r|14c=14th |{{ordinal|{{trim|{{{1}}}}}}} }} |location={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|14r=London }} |publisher={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|14r=Dent |14c|15|16|17|18=Cambridge University Press }} |page={{{page|}}} |pages={{{pages|}}} |url={{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{url|}}}}} |isbn={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |14=0-460-02191-5 |14r=0-460-03036-1 |14c=0-521-42586-7 |15=0-521-45903-6 |16=0-521-81693-9 |17=0-521-68086-7 |18=978-0-521-15255-6 }} |quote={{{quote|}}} |mode={{{mode|cs1}}} |ref={{{ref|}}} |name-list-style={{{name-list-format|{{{name-list-style|}}}}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> qu2v5zsscvecnms1zarepbb7f0v3ee4 Joseph Brodsky 0 69265 336571 2026-07-12T09:27:14Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer | name = Joseph Brodsky | native_name = {{lang|ru|Иосиф Бродский}} | image = Joseph Brodsky 1988.jpg | caption = Brodsky in 1988 | imagesize = | birth_name = Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1940|5|24}} | birth_place = [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], Soviet Union ..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Joseph Brodsky | native_name = {{lang|ru|Иосиф Бродский}} | image = Joseph Brodsky 1988.jpg | caption = Brodsky in 1988 | imagesize = | birth_name = Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1940|5|24}} | birth_place = [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia) | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1996|1|28|1940|5|24}} | death_place = New York City, U.S. | resting_place = [[Isola di San Michele]], Venice, Italy | occupation = Poet, essayist | citizenship = {{plainlist| * Soviet Union (1940–72) * [[Statelessness|Stateless]] (1972–77) * United States (1977–96)}} | alma_mater = | language = {{nowrap|Russian (poetry),<ref name=brodsky>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1987/brodsky.html |title=Joseph Brodsky - Biography |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-date=3 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503202246/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1987/brodsky.html }}</ref> English (prose)<ref name=brodsky/>}} | partner = {{ubl|[[Marina Basmanova]] (1962–1967)|Maria Kuznetsova}} | spouse = {{marriage|Maria Sozzani|1990}} | children = 3 | subject = | period = | genre = | movement = | notableworks = {{ubl|''[[Gorbunov and Gorchakov]]'' (1970)|''[[Less Than One: Selected Essays]]'' (1986)}} | awards = {{ubl|{{nowrap|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]] (1987)}}|[[Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award]] (1991)}} | signature = }} '''Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky''' {{respell|BROD|skee}}; {{IPA|ru|ɪˈosʲɪf ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ ˈbrotskʲɪj||Iosif Alyeksandrovich Brodskiy.ru.vorb.oga}} ([[24 May]] [[1940]] – [[28 January]] [[1996]]), jiske '''Joseph''' anglicize karaa gais hae, {{refn |And also sometimes known as ''Josip'' or ''Josef''.}} ek [[Russia]]n aur [[America]]n kavi aur essayist rahaa. Uske janam Leningrad (abhi ke [[Saint Petersburg]]) [[Soviet Union]] me bhais rahaa. Brodsky ke Soviet authorities nai like karat rahin aur uske ("strongly advised" to emigrate) Soviet Union se 1972 me expel kar dewa gais rahaa, jiske baad uu United States me basaa, [[W. H. Auden]] aur duusra supporters se sahayog se. Iske baad uu [[Mount Holyoke College]], aur universities me, jisme [[Yale University|Yale]], [[Columbia University|Columbia]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], [[University of Michigan|Michigan]] rahaa, me parrhais rahaa. 1987 me Brodsky ke [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] dewa gais rahaa, uske "for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity" ke khaatir.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987|publisher=Nobelprize|date=7 October 2010|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1987/|access-date=7 October 2010}}</ref> Uske United States Poet Laureate, 1991 me banaawa gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite web | title=Poet Laureate Timeline: 1981–1990 |url=https://www.loc.gov/poetry/laureate-1991-2000.html | publisher=Library of Congress | year=2009 | access-date=1 January 2009}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1940|1996|Brodsky, Joseph}} [[Vibhag:B]] [[Vibhag: Russia ke kavi]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke lekhak]] [[Vibhag:United States ke kavi]] [[Vibhag:United States ke lekhak]] 8k6i8gcn8w1sg13t3yc5nxg1hwyts7b Ivan Bunin 0 69266 336572 2026-07-12T09:42:07Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer  | name = Ivan Bunin | native_name = Ива́н Алексе́евич Бу́нин | native_name_lang = ru | image = Иван Бунин (1928).jpg | caption = Bunin in 1928 | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1870|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Voronezh]], [[Russian Empire]]<ref name=brit/> | death_date = {{death date..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer  | name = Ivan Bunin | native_name = Ива́н Алексе́евич Бу́нин | native_name_lang = ru | image = Иван Бунин (1928).jpg | caption = Bunin in 1928 | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1870|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Voronezh]], [[Russian Empire]]<ref name=brit/> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1953|11|8|1870|10|22}} | death_place = Paris, France<ref name=brit/> | genre = fiction, poetry, memoirs, criticism, translations | awards = {{Awd|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]] | 1933}}{{Awd|[[Pushkin Prize]] | 1903, 1909}} | signature = Bunin signature.svg | module = {{Listen| embed=yes |filename= Ivan bunin jericho.ogg |title= Ivan Bunin's voice |type= speech |description= Ivan Bunin is reading his poem "Jericho". Recorded in 1908 }} }} '''Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|uː|n|iː|n}} {{respell|BOO|neen}}<ref>[http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/bunin "Bunin"]. ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref> or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|uː|n|ɪ|n}} {{respell|BOO|nin}}; {{lang-rus|Ива́н Алексе́евич Бу́нин|p=ɪˈvan‿əlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪdʑ‿ˈbunʲɪn|a=Ivan Alyeksyeyevich Bunin.ru.vorb.oga}}; {{OldStyleDate|[[22 October]]|[[1870]]|[[10 October]]}} – [[8 November]] [[1953]])<ref name=brit>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ivan-Bunin "Ivan Bunin"]. ''[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]''.</ref> pahila [[Russia]]n writer rahaa jiske [[Nobel Prize in Literature]], 1933 me mila rahaa. Bunin ke uske strict artistry with which he carried on the classical Russian traditions in the writing of [[prose]] aur kavita ke khaatir jaana jaawat rahaa. Uske kavita aur khissa ke texture ke kabhi-kabhi "Bunin brocade" ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa, aur iske richest in the language maana jaawe hae. Best ke uske chhotaa novels ''[[The Village (Ivan Bunin novel)|The Village]]'' (1910) aur ''[[Dry Valley (Ivan Bunin novel)|Dry Valley]]'' (1912), autobiographical novel ''[[The Life of Arseniev]]'' (1933, 1939), short stories collection ''[[Dark Avenues]]'' (1946) and 1917–1918 diary ''[[Cursed Days]]'' (1926) ke khaatir jaana jaawe hae. Bunin ke [[white emigre]]s, European critics, and many of his fellow writers maanat rahin, jon uske as a true heir to the tradition of [[Literary realism|realism]] in Russian literature established by [[Leo Tolstoy|Tolstoy]] and [[Anton Chekhov|Chekhov]], maanat rahin. ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1870|1953|Bunin, Ivan}} [[Vibhag:B]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke lekhak]] kj17xq9dtrm7doa0luvyt44bq1wvi89 Nikolay Karamzin 0 69267 336573 2026-07-12T09:54:45Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer | name = Nikolay Karamzin| | native_name = {{nobold|Николай Карамзин}} | image = Karamzin by Tropinin (1818, Tretyakov gallery).jpg | imagesize = | caption = Portrait of Karamzin by [[Vasily Tropinin]], 1818. | pseudonym = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|12 December|1766|1 December}} | birth_place = [[Maynsky District|Znamenskoye]], Si..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Nikolay Karamzin| | native_name = {{nobold|Николай Карамзин}} | image = Karamzin by Tropinin (1818, Tretyakov gallery).jpg | imagesize = | caption = Portrait of Karamzin by [[Vasily Tropinin]], 1818. | pseudonym = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|12 December|1766|1 December}} | birth_place = [[Maynsky District|Znamenskoye]], Simbirsk Uyezd, [[Kazan Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]] | death_date = {{OldStyleDate|3 June|1826|22 May}} (aged 59) | death_place = [[Saint Petersburg]], Russian Empire | occupation = Writer, historian, poet | nationality = | period = 1781–1826 | genre = | subject = | movement = [[Sentimentalism (literature)|Sentimentalism]] | notableworks = ''[[Poor Liza]]'' ''{{ill|History of the Russian State|ru|История государства Российского}}'' | signature = }} '''Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin''' {{IPA|ru|nʲɪkɐˈlaj mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ kərɐmˈzʲin|IPA}}. [[Reforms of Russian orthography|Pre-1918 orthography]]: {{lang|ru-petr1708|Никола́й Миха́йловичъ Карамзи́нъ}} ({{OldStyleDate|12 December|1766|1 December}}{{spaced ndash}}{{OldStyleDate|3 June|1826|22 May}}) ek [[Russia]]n itihasik, lekhak, kavi aur critic rahaa. Karamzin ke uske fundamental ''History of the Russian State'' ek 12-volume national itihaas, ke khaatir jaana jaawe hae. ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1766|1826|Karamzin, Nikolay}} [[Vibhag:K]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke lekhak]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke kavi]] 74gyw20pxn9k9v7fnzez0hmjqy3buin vibhag:1766 janam 14 69268 336574 2026-07-12T09:55:22Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "[[Vibhag:1766]] [[Vibhag:Janam]]" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336574 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Vibhag:1766]] [[Vibhag:Janam]] qvde97pb2ynkuchyckrlmv63n8uy2m2 Mikhail Lermontov 0 69269 336575 2026-07-12T10:08:32Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer | birth_name = Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov | image = Mikhail_lermontov.jpg | imagesize = 250px | caption = Lermontov in a military pelisse of the Hussar Life Guards Regiment, 1837 | pseudonym = | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|15 October|1814|3 October}} | birth_place = [[Moscow]], [[Russian Empire]] | death_date =..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | birth_name = Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov | image = Mikhail_lermontov.jpg | imagesize = 250px | caption = Lermontov in a military pelisse of the Hussar Life Guards Regiment, 1837 | pseudonym = | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|15 October|1814|3 October}} | birth_place = [[Moscow]], [[Russian Empire]] | death_date = {{OldStyleDate|27 July|1841|15 July}} (aged 26) | death_place = [[Pyatigorsk]], [[Caucasus Governorate]], Russian Empire | occupation = {{hlist|Poet|novelist|artist}} | nationality = Russian | notableworks = ''[[A Hero of Our Time]]'' | period = [[Golden Age of Russian Poetry]] | genre = {{hlist|Novel|poem|drama}} | subject = | movement = {{hlist|[[Romanticism]]|pre-[[Literary realism|realism]]}} | signature = Mikhail Lermontov Signature.svg | website = }} '''Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɛər|m|ə|n|t|ɒ|f}} {{respell|LAIR|mən|tof}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|-|t|ɔː|f}} {{respell|-|tawf}};<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/lermontov "Lermontov"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{lang-rus|Михаи́л Ю́рьевич Ле́рмонтов||mʲɪxɐˈil ˈjʉrʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈlʲerməntəf|links=yes}}; {{OldStyleDate|15 October|1814|3 October}} – {{OldStyleDate|27 July|1841|15 July}}) ek [[Russia]]n Romantic lekhak, kavi aur chitrkaar rahaa, jiske kabhi-kabhi, "the poet of the Caucasus" bola jaawe hae, jiske matlab hae ki uu the most important Russian poet [[Alexander Pushkin]] ke 1937 me maut ke baad aur the greatest figure in [[Russian Romanticism]] rahaa. Uske influence [[Russian literature]] me, ke abhi ke jamaa na me feel karaa jaawe hae, khaali uske kavita nai, lekin prose bhi, jon the tradition of the Russian [[psychological novel]] ke suruu karis rahaa. ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1814|1841|Lermontov, Mikhail}} [[Vibhag:L]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke lekhak]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke kavi]] 6ajrq46obkhwqlhb874zt15rxmoot6n Vladimir Mayakovsky 0 69270 336576 2026-07-12T11:51:23Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer | name = Vladimir Mayakovsky | native_name = {{No bold|Владимир Маяковский}} | image = Mayakovsky 1918.jpg | caption = Mayakovsky in 1918 | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1893|07|19}} | birth_place = [[Baghdati]], Russian Empire | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1930|04|14|1893|07|19}} | death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union | alma_mater = S..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Vladimir Mayakovsky | native_name = {{No bold|Владимир Маяковский}} | image = Mayakovsky 1918.jpg | caption = Mayakovsky in 1918 | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1893|07|19}} | birth_place = [[Baghdati]], Russian Empire | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1930|04|14|1893|07|19}} | death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union | alma_mater = [[Stroganov Moscow State University of Arts and Industry]], [[Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture]] | years_active = 1912–1930 | genre = Poetry | subject = [[New Soviet man]] | movement = {{ubl|[[Russian Futurism]]|[[Cubo-Futurism]]}} | signature = Vladimir_Mayakovsky_signature.svg | module = {{Listen | embed = yes | filename = В.Маяковский - Необычайное приключение (1929 г.).ogg | title = Vladimir Mayakovsky's voice | description = Vladimir Mayakovsky reading his poem ''An Extraordinary Adventure'', 1920 | type = speech }} }} '''Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky'''{{IPA|ru|vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ məjɪˈkofskʲɪj|IPA}}}} ({{OldStyleDate|19 July|1893|7 July}} – 14 April 1930) ek [[Russia]]n kavi, playwright, artist, aur actor rahaa. Aapan jawaani me, pre-Revolution period leading into 1917, Mayakovsky ek khaas jan banaa rahaa [[Russian Futurist]] movement ke. Uu Futurist manifesto, ''A Slap in the Face of Public Taste'' (1913) ke aur jan ke saathe sign karis rahaa, aur likhis rahaa kavita jaise ''[[A Cloud in Trousers]]'' (1915) aur ''[[Backbone Flute]]'' (1916). Mayakovsky aapan career me ek barraa aur diverse body of workke produce karis rahaa: uu likhis rahaa kavita, likhis aur direct karis rahaa plays, films me act karis rahaa, art journal [[LEF (journal)|''LEF'']] ke editor rahaa, aur pr [[agitprop]] posters ke banais rahaa [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]] ke, [[Russian Civil War]] of 1917–1922 ke time. ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1893|1930|Mayakovsky, Vladimir}} [[Vibhag:M]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke lekhak]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke kavi]] 7ccnuqqywlui5vwdlf0x69uyvkvpciz