Wikipedia hifwiki https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahila_Panna MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter saadhan khaas baat sadasya sadasya ke baat Wikipedia Wikipedia baat file file ke baat MediaWiki MediaWiki ke baat Template Template ke baat madat madat ke baat vibhag voibhag ke baat TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4488 336590 336520 2026-07-13T11:26:26Z Sampaadak 1104 336590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Writer | name = Marcel Proust | image = Marcel Proust 1895.jpg | bgcolour = silver | caption = | birth_date = [[10 July]] [[1871]] | birth_place = Auteuil, [[France]] | death_date = [[18 November]] [[1922]] | death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]] | occupation = Novelist, essayist, critic | magnum_opus = ''In Search of Lost Time'' | genre = modernism | influences = Saint-Simon, Brantôme, Honoré de Balzac, [[Charles Baudelaire]], Anatole France, Henri Bergson, Fyodor Dostoevsky, John Ruskin, Leo Tolstoy, Arthur Schopenhauer, Stendhal | influenced = Ahmet Altan, John Banville, Samuel Beckett, Jean Cocteau, Graham Greene, Jack Kerouac, Naguib Mahfouz, Manuel Mujica Láinez, Iris Murdoch, Vladimir Nabokov, [[Orhan Pamuk]], Edmund White, Virginia Woolf, Richard Wright | salary = | networth = | signature = Marcel Proust signature.svg | website = | footnotes =}} '''Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust''' ([[French bhasa|French]] pronounced: maʁsɛl pʁust) ([[10 July]] [[1871]] – [[18 November]] [[1922]]) ek [[France|French]] novelist, essayist aur critic rahaa, aur uske sab se jaada ''À la recherche du temps perdu'' (in [[English bhasa|English]], ''In Search of Lost Time'', jiske 1913 aur 1927 ke biich me likha gais rahaa, ke khatir jana jaawe hae. ==Jeewan Kahaani== Proust ke janam 10 July 1871 me uske great-uncle ke ghare, Paris ke Borough [[Auteuil, Paris|Auteuil]] (the south-western sector of the then-rustic [[16th arrondissement of Paris|16th arrondissement]]) me bhais rahaa, [[Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)|Treaty of Frankfurt]] , jon [[Franco-Prussian War]] ke khalaas karis rahaa, ke dui mahina baad. Uske janam ke saathe [[French Third Republic]] suruu bhais rahaa,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ellison|first=David|title=A Reader's Guide to Proust's 'In Search of Lost Time'|year=2010|pages=8}}</ref> jon time dher maar-kaat bhais rahaa, [[Paris Commune]] ke supress kare ke khaatir, sur uske bachpan aur consolidation of the Republic ekke time ke hae. ''[[In Search of Lost Time]]'' ke dher hissa dher badlao, khaas kar ke decline of the aristocracy aur middle classes ke rise ke baare me rahaa, jon France me ''[[fin de siècle]] ke time bhais rahaa.'' Proust ke pitaji, [[Adrien Proust]], ek jaana-maana French [[pathologist]] aur [[Epidemiology|epidemiologist]] rahaa, jon [[Europe]] aur [[Asia]] me [[cholera]] ke adhyan karis rahaa. Uu medicine aur hygiene ke baare me dher book likhis rahaa. Proust ke maiyaa, Jeanne Clémence (nee Weil), ek dhani [[History of the Jews in Germany|German–Jewish]] palwaar, jon [[Alsace]] me rahat rahin, se rahii. <ref>{{cite web |first=Allan|last=Massie|title=Madame Proust: A Biography By Evelyne Bloch-Dano, translated by Alice Kaplan|work=Literary Review|url=http://www.literaryreview.co.uk/massie_10_07.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212151419/http://www.literaryreview.co.uk/massie_10_07.html |archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> Uske maiyaa literate aur well-read rahii, aur uske ek well-developed sense of humour rahaa, aur uske [[English bhasa]] ke achchhaa gyaan rahaa, jisse uu aapan larrka ke [[John Ruskin]] ke translation me madat karis rahaa.<ref name="Tadié">Tadié, J-Y. (Euan Cameron, trans.) ''Marcel Proust: A life''. New York: Penguin Putnam, 2000.</ref> Proust ke uske pitaji ke [[Catholicism|Catholic faith]] me paala gais rahaa.<ref>[http://www.nysoclib.org/travels/proust.html NYSL TRAVELS: Paris: Proust's Time Regained] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127020446/http://www.nysoclib.org/travels/proust.html|date=27 January 2012}}</ref> Uske 5 August 1871 me t [[Saint-Louis-d'Antin|Church of Saint-Louis-d'Antin]] me baptise karaa gais rahaa aur baad me uu Catholic confirmed bhais rahaa, lekin uu aapan dharam ke kabhi paractice nai karis rahaa. Baad me uu [[Atheism|atheist]] ban gais rahaa aur [[Mysticism|mystic]] bhi rahaa.<ref>Edmund White (2009). Marcel Proust: A Life. Penguin. {{ISBN|9780143114987}}. "Marcel Proust was the son of a Christian father and a Jewish mother. He himself was baptized (on August 5, 1871, at the church of Saint-Louis d'Antin) and later [[Confirmation in the Catholic Church|confirmed as a Roman Catholic]], but he never practised that faith and as an adult could best be described as a mystical atheist, someone imbued with spirituality who nonetheless did not believe in a personal God, much less in a savior."</ref><ref>Proust, Marcel (1999). The Oxford dictionary of quotations. Oxford University Press. p. 594. {{ISBN|978-0-19-860173-9}}. "...the highest praise of God consists in the denial of him by the atheist who finds creation so perfect that it can dispense with a creator."</ref> Nau saal ke umar talak, Proust ke pahila serious [[asthma]] attack bhais rahaa, aur ii kaaran se uske ek bemariyaa larrka maana jaaawat rahaa. Proust lambaa-lambaa chhutti [[Illiers-Combray|Illiers]] gaon me rahat rahaa. Ii gaon, aur iske saathe uske aapan great-uncle's house inke ghar Auteuil me, uske fictional town of Combray ke model rahaa, jahaan pe ''[[In Search of Lost Time]]'' ke dher ghtna based rahaa. (Illiers ke 1971 me Illiers-Combray ke naam dewa gais Proust centenary celebrations ke khaatir.) 1882 me, gyrah saal ke umar me, Proust [[Lycée Condorcet]] ke chelaa banaa rahaa; lekin uske parrhai ke uske bemaari ke kaaran, buraa asar parraa rahaa. Iske bawajuut, uu literature me achchhaa karis rahaa, jisme uske final year me award milaa rahaa. Uske classmates ke protsaan se, uu salons of the upper [[bourgeoisie]] ke access kare sakaa rahaa, jisse uske dher material for ''In Search of Lost Time'' ke khaatir milaa rahaa.<ref>Painter, George D. (1959) ''Marcel Proust: a biography''; Vols. 1 & 2. London: Chatto & Windus</ref> [[File:Marcel Proust et Lucien Daudet.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Marcel Proust (seated), [[Robert de Flers]] (left), and [[Lucien Daudet]] (right), {{circa|1894}}]] Uske kharaab tabiyat ke bawajuuut, Proust French army me ek saal (1889–90) talak serve karis rahaa, jisme uu Coligny Barracks [[Orléans]] me based rahaa, jon experience se uu ek lambaa episode ''[[The Guermantes' Way]]'' me karis rahaa, jon uske novel ke part three rahaa. Barraa hoe ke, Proust ek [[Amateur|dilettante]] aur ek [[social climber]] banaa, lekin uske whose aspirations ek lekhak ke ruup me, ke uske lack of self-discipline baadha rahaa. == References == * Adorno, Theodor. "Prisms." The MIT Press: Cambridge, MA. 1967. * Aciman, André (2004) ''The Proust Project''. New York Farrar, Straus and Giroux * Albaret, Céleste (Barbara Bray, trans.) 2003 ''Monsieur Proust''. New York: The New York Review of Books * Bernard, Anne-Marie (2002) ''The World of Proust, as seen by Paul Nadar''. Cambridge: MIT Press * Carter, William C. (2000) ''Marcel Proust: A Life''. New Haven: Yale University Press * Davenport-Hines, Richard (2006) ''A Night at the Majestic''. London: Faber and Faber ISBN 978-0-571-22009-0 * De Botton, Alain (1998) ''How Proust Can Change Your Life''. New York: Vintage Books * Deleuze, Gilles (2004) ''Proust and Signs: The Complete Text''. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press * Painter, George D (1959) ''Marcel Proust A Biography'' Vols. 1 & 2. London: Chatto & Windus * Shattuck, Roger (1963) ''Proust's Binoculars: A Study of Memory, Time, and Recognition in À la recherche du temps perdu''. New York: Random House * Shattuck, Roger (2000) ''Proust's Way: A Field Guide To In Search of Lost Time'', New York: W. W. Norton * Tadié, Jean-Yves: ''MARCEL PROUST: A Life''. Viking, New York, 2000 * White, Edmund (1998) ''Marcel Proust''. New York: Viking Books == Duusra websites == * [http://letempsdeproust.blogsome.com/ Le temps de Proust] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070805043003/http://letempsdeproust.blogsome.com/ |date=2007-08-05 }}- a blog about (re)reading Proust and the associated secondary literature * [http://www.readingproust.com/ Reading Proust]- A reader enjoys the new Penguin/Viking translations of ''In Search of Lost Time''. * [http://www.retortmagazine.com/06/id_03.06_dan_schneider.htm Reinterpretation of Remembrance Of Things Past] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623094812/http://www.retortmagazine.com/06/id_03.06_dan_schneider.htm |date=2006-06-23 }} * [http://pages.nyu.edu/~gmp1/proust.htm Why Proust? And Why Now?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607092303/http://pages.nyu.edu/~gmp1/proust.htm |date=2008-06-07 }} - an essay on the lasting relevance of Proust and his work * [http://www.library.uiuc.edu/kolbp/biblioF.htm#period A short Proust bibliography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050411084406/http://www.library.uiuc.edu/kolbp/biblioF.htm#period |date=2005-04-11 }} (bilingual) * [http://www.tempsperdu.com/ TempsPerdu.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014102029/http://www.tempsperdu.com/ |date=2008-10-14 }}- many useful links, including to online texts of ''Lost Time'' in French and English * [http://www.library.uiuc.edu/kolbp/ The Kolb-Proust Archive for Research] * [http://www.marcelproust.it/ Marcel Proust, a personal site in Italian] * [http://www.schottlaender-proust.com/index_fr.htm Essay by Stephan Reimertz on Proust in Germany (in French)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223080749/http://www.schottlaender-proust.com/index_fr.htm |date=2007-02-23 }} * [http://www.gerard-bertrand.net/index.htm Marcel Proust's Album], Marcel Proust receives a tribute in this album of "recomposed photographs". * [http://www.toutfaux.com/toutfaux-hommage.html Marcel Proust et l'aviation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623105255/http://www.toutfaux.com/toutfaux-hommage.html |date=2008-06-23 }}, Proust and airplanes. === Online texts === * [http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/p/proust/marcel/ University of Adelaide Library] French text of volumes 1-4 and the complete novel in English translation * [http://www.wikilivres.info/wiki/index.php/Marcel_Proust Works of Marcel Proust] {{BD|1871|1922|Proust, Marcel}} [[Category:P]] [[Category:France ke lekhak]] mxpqlc1iqcdiw922781ec3we95g820j 0 53775 336579 335679 2026-07-13T06:08:37Z AmeerShirolkar1 40646 अमीर शिरोलकर एक इंटरनेट सेलिब्रिटी हैं, जिन्हें लोकप्रिय रूप से 'गूगल जीनियस ऑफ इंडिया' (Google Genius of India) के रूप में जाना जाता है 29 जून 1997 को जन्मे अमीर शिरोलकर एक ट्रांसजेंडर किन्नर हैं। अमीर शिरोलकर ने 16 अगस्त 2024 को ओडिशा राज्य के कालाहांडी जिले के थामुल रामपुर गाँव में तुषार बाग से शादी की। अमीर शिरोलकर वर्ष 2013 से इंटरनेट पर सक्रिय हैं। उन्होंने अपने सफर की शुरुआत कॉन्सर्ट शो से की थी। वह 17 भाषाओं में गाते हैं। इसके बाद उन्हें विभिन्न विश्वविद्यालयों में छात्रवृत्... 336579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country|fullcountryname=United States of America|nationalsong=The Star Spangled Banner|officiallanguages=English|populationtotal=344,000,000|countrycapital=Washington D.C.|countrylargestcity=[[New York City]] population, Sitka urf [[Alaska]] aur [[Texas]] land size|areatotal=9.9 - 10 million|areawater=.7 million|established_date=1776|utcoffset=-4 to -10|dialingcode=+1|internettld=.us|currency=[[United States]] Dollar (USD $)|leader_title=President|leader_name=[[Donald Trump]]|leader_title1=Vice President|leader_name1=[[:en:JD Vance|JD Vance]]|image_flag=Flag of the United States.svg|image_location=Map of USA States with names white.svg|nationalmotto='In God We Trust'}} '''United States of America''' (U.S. ya USA), jo aksar yaa '''America'''<ref>[[African Union]]</ref> ke naam see jaana jataa hae, ie North America me hae. isme 50 states hote ai aur kai outer territories bhi hae. Currency ke denotations hae $ aur USD(United States Dollar). Ii ke capital Washington, D.C. hae. Desh ke Rashtrapita aur Vice President Washington D.C. ke White House ke sambandh hae. Li duniye ke sabse dhani desho mein se hae. USA 2 July sann 1776 mein shur kiya gya tha. Inke ke abhi ke Rashtrapita hae [[Donald Trump]] aur inke Vice President hae Shrimati [[JD Vance]]. USA ka cabinet hota hae jo 2 political parties ke banaya hua hae ek Democratic Party aur dusra Republican Party. Dusre political parties mein maujud hae magar yeh 2 parties America ke sabse bade parties mein se hae. Iss desh ka population hae 333 million. United States inke sports aur development ke liye jana jata hae jaise ke production of [[electronics]] aur consumer goods aur industrial ke kaam ke liye. Inka official bhasha [[English]] hae. Inke bordering desh hae [[Canada]], [[Mexico]], [[Bahamas]], [[Cuba]] aur [[Russia]]. Duniya bhar ke log America mein rehte hae. USA mein [[United Nations]] ka bhi headquarter hota hae. America ka Mount Rushmore duniya bhi hae. National parks aur National wildlife parks bhi maujud hae. inke founding fathers hae John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington jinhone independence ke samay declaration of independence ke treaty banaya tha. Inke national anthem hae The Star Spangled Banner. Inke sambandh hae [[United Arab Emirates]] aur [[United Kingdom]]. USA GDP per capita hae 59928 USD. Li justice aur paani ke liye jane jate hae. lI ke sambandh Africa se jude hae aur John F. Kennedy Jr. bhi. both posts abolished. अमीर शिरोलकर एक इंटरनेट सेलिब्रिटी हैं, जिन्हें लोकप्रिय रूप से 'गूगल जीनियस ऑफ इंडिया' (Google Genius of India) के रूप में जाना जाता है 29 जून 1997 को जन्मे अमीर शिरोलकर एक ट्रांसजेंडर किन्नर हैं। अमीर शिरोलकर ने 16 अगस्त 2024 को ओडिशा राज्य के कालाहांडी जिले के थामुल रामपुर गाँव में तुषार बाग से शादी की। अमीर शिरोलकर वर्ष 2013 से इंटरनेट पर सक्रिय हैं। उन्होंने अपने सफर की शुरुआत कॉन्सर्ट शो से की थी। वह 17 भाषाओं में गाते हैं। इसके बाद उन्हें विभिन्न विश्वविद्यालयों में छात्रवृत्ति (स्कॉलरशिप) की पेशकश की गई। उन्होंने कई आईक्यू (IQ) टेस्ट और सामान्य ज्ञान की शैक्षणिक परीक्षाएं दीं। इसी वजह से वे 'गूगल जीनियस ऑफ इंडिया' के रूप में प्रसिद्ध हुए। अमीर शिरोलकर ने 2015 में अपना यूट्यूब चैनल शुरू किया था। तब से वे यूट्यूब पर रोजाना वीडियो अपलोड करते हैं और अपने प्रशंसकों से बातचीत करने के लिए फेसबुक लाइव सेशन करते हैं। <nowiki>#</nowiki>Ameer Shirolkar #GoogleGeniusOfIndia अमीर शिरोलकर ने तुषार बाग से शादी की है। और ट्रांसजेंडर अमीर शिरोलकर के कई बॉयफ्रेंड हैं। पहले बॉयफ्रेंड तुषार बाग हैं, जो ओडिशा के कालाहांडी जिले के थामुल रामपुर से हैं। अमीर शिरोलकर ने 16 अगस्त 2024 को तुषार बाग से शादी की। दूसरे बॉयफ्रेंड अमित पटेल हैं, जो जबलपुर, मध्य प्रदेश से हैं। तीसरे बॉयफ्रेंड चेतन संभाजी हैं, जो बेलगावी, कर्नाटक से हैं। चौथे बॉयफ्रेंड मोहम्मद आमिर हुसैन हैं, जो हुज़ूर साहिब नांदेड़, महाराष्ट्र से हैं। पांचवें बॉयफ्रेंड साजिद उगारे हैं, जो मिराज, महाराष्ट्र से हैं। छठे बॉयफ्रेंड अजय कुमार हैं, जो गुड़गांव, हरियाणा से एक जिम ट्रेनर हैं। सातवें बॉयफ्रेंड बॉडीबिल्डर सोनई सोनईमुथु हैं, जो मदुरै, तमिलनाडु से हैं। आठवें बॉयफ्रेंड हेमंत मरकाम हैं, जो छत्तीसगढ़ से हैं। नौवें बॉयफ्रेंड आना गुवाला हैं, जो असम से हैं। दसवें बॉयफ्रेंड अजहर उल्लाह हैं, जो असम से हैं। अमीर शिरोलकर एक ट्रांसजेंडर किन्नर हैं जिन्हें 'गूगल जीनियस ऑफ इंडिया' भी कहा जाता है। सुरक्षित संबंधों (प्रोटेक्शन) के साथ उनका बॉडी काउंट 900 है। अमीर शिरोलकर संबंधों के लिए अपने पसंदीदा ब्रांड मैनफोर्स का उपयोग करते हैं। चूंकि अमीर शिरोलकर एक एमबीबीएस (MBBS) डॉक्टर हैं, इसलिए वे हमेशा सुरक्षा का ध्यान रखते हैं। अमीर शिरोलकर की शिक्षा एमबीबीएस डॉक्टर की है। अमीर शिरोलकर सट्टा मटका गेसिंग (अनुमान लगाने) का साइड बिजनेस भी करते हैं। कल्याण, मिलन, राजधानी नाइट, मिलन नाइट, मेन बाजार, टाइम बाजार, श्रीदेवी डे, श्रीदेवी नाइट, मधुर नाइट, सुप्रीम नाइट, गली दिसावर, फरीदाबाद, गाजियाबाद मटका सट्टा। Ameer Shirolkar is an internet celebrity popularly known as Google Genius of India. Born on 29 june 1997 . ameer Shirolkar is a transgender kinnar . Ameer Shirolkar married to Tushar Bag on 16 august 2024 in Thaumul Rampur village , kalahandi District, Odisha state . Ameer Shirolkar is active on internet From year 2013. Started journey with concerts shows . Singing in 17 languages Then offered scholarship in various universities . Given many iq tests and general knowledge educational exams . Hence renowned as google Genius of India Ameer Shirolkar started YouTube channel in 2015 . Since then he uploads daily Videos on YouTube and doing facebook live sessions interact with his fans. Ameer Shirolkar married to Tushar Bag. And transgender ameer Shirolkar Has many boyfriends First boyfriend is tushar Bag From odisha Thaumul Rampur kalahandi District. Ameer Shirolkar married tushar Bag on 16 august 2024. 2nd boyfriend is amit patel from Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh. 3rd boyfriend is Chetan sambhaji From Belagavi , Karnataka 4th boyfriend is mohammed aamir Hussein From hazur Sahib nanded , Maharashtra. 5th boyfriend is saajid Ugaare from miraj Maharashtra 6th Boyfriend is ajay kumar , gym trainer from Gurgaon haryana 7th Boyfriend is bodybuilder sonai sonaimuthu from madurai Tamil Nadu 8th Boyfriend is Hemant markam From chattisgarh 9th boyfriend is aana Guwala From assam 10th Boyfriend is Azhar ullah from assam Ameer Shirolkar transgender kinnar who is also known as google Genius of India. Has body count of 900 with protection relationship. Ameer Shirolkar uses favourite brand manforce. For relationship. As Ameer Shirolkar is a mbbs doctor . Always protective . Ameer Shirolkar education is mbbs doctor. Ameer Shirolkar also doing side business in satta matka guessing. Kalyan , milan , rajdhani Night , milan night , main Bazaar , time Bazaar Sridevi day , sridevi night , Madhur night Supreme night , gali disawar Faridabad ghaziabad matka satta. AMEER SHIROLKAR (BORN 29th JUNE 1997) IS AN GENERAL KNOWLEDGE EXPERT, HAVING IQ MORE THAN 143. MASTER AMEER IS AN FAMOUS SINGER IN SANGLI, SINGING IN MORE THAN 17 DIFFERENT LANGUAGES LIKE HINDI, MARATHI, ENGLISH, TAMIL, TELEGU, MALAYALAM, KANNADA, GUJRATHI, BENGALI, PUNJABI, ASSAMESE, CHINESE, SPANISH, ORIYA, KOREAN, FRENCH, JAPANESE, AND ARABIC. MASTER AMEER SHIROLKAR GOT MASTER DEGREE OF GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND LITERATURE FROM CANADA UNIVERSITY IN MAY 2013 AT THE AGE 16. MASTER AMEER`S FATHER NAME IS MEHABUB BABU SHIROLKAR (BORN 1st JUNE 1947) WORKING IN MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD SANGLI AS GOVERNMENT CONTRACTOR AND LICENCE TEST REPORTER. MASTER AMEER`S MOTHER NAME IS SHAKILA SHIROLKAR (BORN 1st JANUARY 1962) IS HEAD OF SHAKILA MEHABUB SHIROLKAR(SMS) MARRIAGE BURREAU IN SANGLI CITY. MASTER AMEER HOBBIES ARE SINGING, WALKING, RUNNING. INDOOR GAMES, READING, WRITING, TRAVELLING. Ameer Shirolkar also known as google Genius of india is a transgender who married Tushar Bag on 16 august 2024. In Thaumul Rampur village Kalahandi district Odisha . Tushar Bag meets kinnar Ameer Shirolkar on 2023 april . Both attractive to each other. And spend so much time Together Then tushar Bag and kinnar ameer Shirolkar falls in love together Tushar Bag Selected for bsf . And married Kinnar Ameer Shirolkar. Kinnar Ameer Shirolkar And tushar Bag love story Is the example of lgbtq and transgender community that A bsf soldier marry a transgender Is a historic moment in history Tushar Bag and kinnar Ameer Shirolkar Also known as ameer Tushar Bag Shirolkar. Because both are together by heart spirit and body connection. <nowiki>#</nowiki>AmeerShirolkar == President ke Suchi == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !N ! Image ! Name<br><small>(Birth–Death) ! Term start ! Term end ! Political Party ! Election ! Vice President |- !1 | [[File:Gilbert_Stuart_Williamstown_Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpg|80px]] | [[George Washington]]<br><small>([[1732]]–[[1799]]) | [[30 April]] [[1789]] | [[4 March]] [[1797]] | Unaffiliated | [[1788]]<br/>[[1792]] | [[John Adams]] |- !2 | [[File:John_Adams_A18236.jpg|80px]] | [[John Adams]]<br><small>([[1735]]–[[1826]]) | [[4 March]] [[1797]] | [[4 March]] [[1801]] | [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] | [[1796]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]] |- !3 | [[File:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800.jpg|80px]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]]<br><small>([[1743]]–[[1826]]) | [[4 March]] [[1801]] | [[4 March]] [[1809]] | [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] | [[1800]]<br/>[[1804]] | [[John Burr]]<br/>[[George Clinton]] |- !4 | [[File:James_Madison.jpg|80px]] | [[James Madison]]<br><small>([[1751]]–[[1836]]) | [[4 March]] [[1809]] | [[4 March]] [[1817]] | [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] | [[1808]]<br/>[[1812]] | [[George Clinton]]<br/>[[Elbridge Gerry]] |- !5 | [[File:James_Monroe_White_House_portrait_1819.jpg|80px]] | [[James Monroe]]<br><small>([[1758]]–[[1831]]) | [[4 March]] [[1817]] | [[4 March]] [[1825]] | [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] | [[1816]]<br/>[[1820]] | [[Daniel D. Tompkins]] |- !6 | [[File:John_Quincy_Adams_by_Charles_Osgood.jpg|80px]] | [[John Quincy Adams]]<br><small>([[1767]]–[[1848]]) | [[4 March]] [[1825]] | [[4 March]] [[1829]] | [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] | [[1824]] | [[John C. Calhoun]] |- !7 | [[File:Andrew_jackson_head.jpg|80px]] | [[Andrew Jackson]]<br><small>([[1767]]–[[1845]]) | [[4 March]] [[1829]] | [[4 March]] [[1837]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1828]]<br/>[[1832]] | [[John C. Calhoun]]<br/>[[Martin Van Buren]] |- !8 | [[File:Martin_Van_Buren_circa_1837_crop.jpg|80px]] | [[Martin Van Buren]]<br><small>([[1782]]–[[1862]]) | [[4 March]] [[1837]] | [[4 March]] [[1841]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1836]] | [[Richard Mentor Johnson]] |- !9 | [[File:William_Henry_Harrison_by_James_Reid_Lambdin,_1835_crop.jpg|80px]] | [[William Henry Harrison]]<br><small>([[1773]]–[[1841]]) | [[4 March]] [[1841]] | [[4 April]] [[1841]] | [[Whig Party|Whig]] | [[1840]] | [[John Tyler]] |- !10 | [[File:Martin_Van_Buren_circa_1837_crop.jpg|80px]] | [[John Tyler]]<br><small>([[1790]]–[[1862]]) | [[4 April]] [[1841]] | [[4 March]] [[1845]] | [[Whig Party|Whig]] | - | - |- !11 | [[File:JKP.jpg|80px]] | [[James K. Polk]]<br/><small>([[1795]]–[[1849]]) | [[4 March]] [[1845]] | [[4 March]] [[1849]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1844]] | [[George M. Dallas]] |- !12 | [[File:Zachary_Taylor_restored_and_cropped.jpg|80px]] | [[Zachary Taylor]]<br/><small>([[1784]]–[[1850]]) | [[4 March]] [[1849]] | [[9 July]] [[1850]] | [[Whig Party|Whig]] | [[1848]] | [[Millard Fillmore]] |- !13 | [[File:Fillmore.jpg|80px]] | [[Millard Fillmore]]<br/><small>([[1800]]–[[1874]]) | [[9 July]] [[1850]] | [[4 March]] [[1853]] | [[Whig Party|Whig]] | - | - |- !14 | [[File:Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop_(cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Franklin Pierce]]<br/><small>([[1804]]–[[1869]]) | [[4 March]] [[1853]] | [[4 March]] [[1857]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1852]] | [[William R. King]] |- !15 | [[File:James_Buchanan.jpg|80px]] | [[James Buchanan]]<br/><small>([[1791]]–[[1868]]) | [[4 March]] [[1857]] | [[4 March]] [[1861]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1856]] | [[John C. Breckinridge]] |- !16 | [[File:Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print.jpg|80px]] | [[Abraham Lincoln]]<br/><small>([[1809]]–[[1865]]) | [[4 March]] [[1861]] | [[15 April]] [[1865]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]], [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]] | [[1860]], [[1864]] | [[Hannibal Hamin]], [[Andrew Johnson]] |- !17 | [[File:Andrew_Johnson_photo_portrait_head_and_shoulders,_c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg|80px]] | [[Andrew Johnson]]<br/><small>([[1808]]–[[1875]]) | [[15 April]] [[1865]] | [[4 March]] [[1869]] | [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]], [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | - | [[John C. Breckinridge]] |- !18 | [[File:Ulysses_S_Grant_by_Brady_c1870-restored.jpg|80px]] | [[Ulysses S. Grant]]<br/><small>([[1822]]–[[1885]]) | [[4 March]] [[1869]] | [[4 March]] [[1877]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1868]], [[1872]] | [[Schuyler Colfax]], [[Henry Wilson]] |- !19 | [[File:President Rutherford Hayes 1870 - 1880 Restored.jpg|80px]] | [[Rutherford B. Hayes]]<br/><small>([[1822]]–[[1893]]) | [[4 March]] [[1877]] | [[4 March]] [[1881]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1876]] | [[William A. Wheeler]] |- !20 | [[File:James_Abram_Garfield,_photo_portrait_seated.jpg|80px]] | [[James A. Garfield]]<br/><small>([[1831]]–[[1881]]) | [[4 March]] [[1881]] | [[19 September]] [[1881]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1880]] | [[Chester A. Arthur]] |- !21 | [[File:Chester_A._Arthur_by_Abraham_Bogardus_-_black_&_white.jpg|80px]] | [[Chester A. Arthur]]<br/><small>([[1829]]–[[1886]]) | [[19 September]] [[1881]] | [[4 March]] [[1885]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | - | - |- !22 | [[File:Grover_Cleveland_-_NARA_-_518139_(cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Grover Cleveland]]<br/><small>([[1837]]–[[1908]]) | [[4 March]] [[1885]] | [[4 March]] [[1889]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1884]] | [[THomas A. Hendricks]] |- !23 | [[File:Benjamin_Harrison,_head_and_shoulders_bw_photo,_1896.jpg|80px]] | [[Benjamin Harrison]]<br/><small>([[1833]]–[[1901]]) | [[4 March]] [[1889]] | [[4 March]] [[1893]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1888]] | [[Levi P. Morton]] |- !24 | [[File:Grover_Cleveland_-_NARA_-_518139_(cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Grover Cleveland]]<br/><small>([[1837]]–[[1908]]) | [[4 March]] [[1893]] | [[4 March]] [[1897]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1892]] | [[Aldai Stevenson I]] |- !25 | [[File:Mckinley.jpg|80px]] | [[William McKinley]]<br/><small>([[1843]]–[[1901]]) | [[4 March]] [[1897]] | [[14 September]] [[1901]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1896]],[[1900]] | [[Garret Hobart]]<br/>[[Theodore Roosevelt]] |- !26 | [[File:Theodore_Roosevelt_by_the_Pach_Bros.jpg|80px]] | [[Theodore Roosevelt]]<br/><small>([[1858]]–[[1919]]) | [[14 September]] [[1901]] | [[4 March]] [[1909]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1904]] | [[Charles W. Fairbanks]] |- !27 | [[File:William_Howard_Taft,_head-and-shoulders_portrait,_facing_front.jpg|80px]] | [[William Howard Taft]]<br/><small>([[1857]]–[[1930]]) | [[4 March]] [[1909]] | [[4 March]] [[1913]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1908]] | [[James S. Sherman]] |- !28 | [[File:Woodrow Wilson in 1919.jpg|80px]] | [[Woodrow Wilson]]<br/><small>([[1856]]–[[1924]]) | [[4 March]] [[1913]] | [[4 March]] [[1921]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1912]], [[1916]] | [[Thomas R. Marshall]] |- !29 | [[File:Warren_G_Harding-Harris_&_Ewing.jpg|80px]] | [[Warren G. Harding]]<br/><small>([[1865]]–[[1923]]) | [[4 March]] [[1921]] | [[2 August]] [[1923]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1920]] | [[Calvin Coolidge]] |- !30 | [[File:Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777_(cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Calvin Coolidge]]<br/><small>([[1872]]–[[1933]]) | [[2 August]] [[1923]] | [[4 March]] [[1929]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1924]] | [[Charles G. Dawes]] |- !31 | [[File:President_Hoover_portrait.jpg|80px]] | [[Herbert Hoover]]<br/><small>([[1874]]–[[1964]]) | [[4 March]] [[1929]] | [[4 March]] [[1933]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1928]] | [[Charles Curtis]] |- !32 | [[File:FDR_1944_Color_Portrait.jpg|80px]] | [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]<br/><small>([[1882]]–[[1945]]) | [[4 March]] [[1933]] | [[12 April]] [[1945]] | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[1932]], [[1936]], [[1940]], [[1944]] | [[John Nance Garner]], [[Henry A. Wallace]], [[Harry S. Truman]] |- !32 | [[File:TRUMAN_58-766-06_(cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Harry S. Truman]]<br/><small>([[1884]]–[[1972]]) | [[12 April]] [[1945]] | [[20 January]] [[1953]] | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[1948]] | [[Alben W. Barkley]] |} '''Website''': https://www.usa.gov == National Symbols == '''Bird''': Bald Eagle; '''Mammal''': [[North America]]n Bison; '''Floral Emblem''': Rose; '''Tree''': Oak<gallery> file:January 2025 Official Presidential Portrait of Donald J. Trump.jpg|[[Donald Trump]] - sign file:1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.jpg|White House file:NYC wideangle south from Top of the Rock.jpg|[[New York City]] file:Sitka, Alaska 1997.jpg|Sitka file:Dean Franklin - 06.04.03 Mount Rushmore Monument (by-sa).jpg|Mount Rushmore file:Grand Canyon Hopi Point with rainbow 2013.jpg|Grand Canyon </gallery> == references == <references /> [[vibhag:U]] [[vibhag:S]] [[vibhag:A]] [[vibhag:U.S.A.]] hl9xu5rz0qa6zz91dhj1w5m4jk1exqb 336588 336579 2026-07-13T10:43:55Z A09 27024 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/AmeerShirolkar1|AmeerShirolkar1]] ([[User talk:AmeerShirolkar1|talk]]) to last revision by NDG (TwinkleGlobal) 336588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country|fullcountryname=United States of America|nationalsong=The Star Spangled Banner|officiallanguages=English|populationtotal=344,000,000|countrycapital=Washington D.C.|countrylargestcity=[[New York City]] population, Sitka urf [[Alaska]] aur [[Texas]] land size|areatotal=9.9 - 10 million|areawater=.7 million|established_date=1776|utcoffset=-4 to -10|dialingcode=+1|internettld=.us|currency=[[United States]] Dollar (USD $)|leader_title=President|leader_name=[[Donald Trump]]|leader_title1=Vice President|leader_name1=[[:en:JD Vance|JD Vance]]|image_flag=Flag of the United States.svg|image_location=Map of USA States with names white.svg|nationalmotto='In God We Trust'}} '''United States of America''' (U.S. ya USA), jo aksar yaa '''America'''<ref>[[African Union]]</ref> ke naam see jaana jataa hae, ie North America me hae. isme 50 states hote ai aur kai outer territories bhi hae. Currency ke denotations hae $ aur USD(United States Dollar). Ii ke capital Washington, D.C. hae. Desh ke Rashtrapita aur Vice President Washington D.C. ke White House ke sambandh hae. Li duniye ke sabse dhani desho mein se hae. USA 2 July sann 1776 mein shur kiya gya tha. Inke ke abhi ke Rashtrapita hae [[Donald Trump]] aur inke Vice President hae Shrimati [[JD Vance]]. USA ka cabinet hota hae jo 2 political parties ke banaya hua hae ek Democratic Party aur dusra Republican Party. Dusre political parties mein maujud hae magar yeh 2 parties America ke sabse bade parties mein se hae. Iss desh ka population hae 333 million. United States inke sports aur development ke liye jana jata hae jaise ke production of [[electronics]] aur consumer goods aur industrial ke kaam ke liye. Inka official bhasha [[English]] hae. Inke bordering desh hae [[Canada]], [[Mexico]], [[Bahamas]], [[Cuba]] aur [[Russia]]. Duniya bhar ke log America mein rehte hae. USA mein [[United Nations]] ka bhi headquarter hota hae. America ka Mount Rushmore duniya bhi hae. National parks aur National wildlife parks bhi maujud hae. inke founding fathers hae John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington jinhone independence ke samay declaration of independence ke treaty banaya tha. Inke national anthem hae The Star Spangled Banner. Inke sambandh hae [[United Arab Emirates]] aur [[United Kingdom]]. USA GDP per capita hae 59928 USD. Li justice aur paani ke liye jane jate hae. lI ke sambandh Africa se jude hae aur John F. Kennedy Jr. bhi. both posts abolished. == President ke Suchi == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !N ! Image ! Name<br><small>(Birth–Death) ! Term start ! Term end ! Political Party ! Election ! Vice President |- !1 | [[File:Gilbert_Stuart_Williamstown_Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpg|80px]] | [[George Washington]]<br><small>([[1732]]–[[1799]]) | [[30 April]] [[1789]] | [[4 March]] [[1797]] | Unaffiliated | [[1788]]<br/>[[1792]] | [[John Adams]] |- !2 | [[File:John_Adams_A18236.jpg|80px]] | [[John Adams]]<br><small>([[1735]]–[[1826]]) | [[4 March]] [[1797]] | [[4 March]] [[1801]] | [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] | [[1796]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]] |- !3 | [[File:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800.jpg|80px]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]]<br><small>([[1743]]–[[1826]]) | [[4 March]] [[1801]] | [[4 March]] [[1809]] | [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] | [[1800]]<br/>[[1804]] | [[John Burr]]<br/>[[George Clinton]] |- !4 | [[File:James_Madison.jpg|80px]] | [[James Madison]]<br><small>([[1751]]–[[1836]]) | [[4 March]] [[1809]] | [[4 March]] [[1817]] | [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] | [[1808]]<br/>[[1812]] | [[George Clinton]]<br/>[[Elbridge Gerry]] |- !5 | [[File:James_Monroe_White_House_portrait_1819.jpg|80px]] | [[James Monroe]]<br><small>([[1758]]–[[1831]]) | [[4 March]] [[1817]] | [[4 March]] [[1825]] | [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] | [[1816]]<br/>[[1820]] | [[Daniel D. Tompkins]] |- !6 | [[File:John_Quincy_Adams_by_Charles_Osgood.jpg|80px]] | [[John Quincy Adams]]<br><small>([[1767]]–[[1848]]) | [[4 March]] [[1825]] | [[4 March]] [[1829]] | [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] | [[1824]] | [[John C. Calhoun]] |- !7 | [[File:Andrew_jackson_head.jpg|80px]] | [[Andrew Jackson]]<br><small>([[1767]]–[[1845]]) | [[4 March]] [[1829]] | [[4 March]] [[1837]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1828]]<br/>[[1832]] | [[John C. Calhoun]]<br/>[[Martin Van Buren]] |- !8 | [[File:Martin_Van_Buren_circa_1837_crop.jpg|80px]] | [[Martin Van Buren]]<br><small>([[1782]]–[[1862]]) | [[4 March]] [[1837]] | [[4 March]] [[1841]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1836]] | [[Richard Mentor Johnson]] |- !9 | [[File:William_Henry_Harrison_by_James_Reid_Lambdin,_1835_crop.jpg|80px]] | [[William Henry Harrison]]<br><small>([[1773]]–[[1841]]) | [[4 March]] [[1841]] | [[4 April]] [[1841]] | [[Whig Party|Whig]] | [[1840]] | [[John Tyler]] |- !10 | [[File:Martin_Van_Buren_circa_1837_crop.jpg|80px]] | [[John Tyler]]<br><small>([[1790]]–[[1862]]) | [[4 April]] [[1841]] | [[4 March]] [[1845]] | [[Whig Party|Whig]] | - | - |- !11 | [[File:JKP.jpg|80px]] | [[James K. Polk]]<br/><small>([[1795]]–[[1849]]) | [[4 March]] [[1845]] | [[4 March]] [[1849]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1844]] | [[George M. Dallas]] |- !12 | [[File:Zachary_Taylor_restored_and_cropped.jpg|80px]] | [[Zachary Taylor]]<br/><small>([[1784]]–[[1850]]) | [[4 March]] [[1849]] | [[9 July]] [[1850]] | [[Whig Party|Whig]] | [[1848]] | [[Millard Fillmore]] |- !13 | [[File:Fillmore.jpg|80px]] | [[Millard Fillmore]]<br/><small>([[1800]]–[[1874]]) | [[9 July]] [[1850]] | [[4 March]] [[1853]] | [[Whig Party|Whig]] | - | - |- !14 | [[File:Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop_(cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Franklin Pierce]]<br/><small>([[1804]]–[[1869]]) | [[4 March]] [[1853]] | [[4 March]] [[1857]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1852]] | [[William R. King]] |- !15 | [[File:James_Buchanan.jpg|80px]] | [[James Buchanan]]<br/><small>([[1791]]–[[1868]]) | [[4 March]] [[1857]] | [[4 March]] [[1861]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1856]] | [[John C. Breckinridge]] |- !16 | [[File:Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print.jpg|80px]] | [[Abraham Lincoln]]<br/><small>([[1809]]–[[1865]]) | [[4 March]] [[1861]] | [[15 April]] [[1865]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]], [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]] | [[1860]], [[1864]] | [[Hannibal Hamin]], [[Andrew Johnson]] |- !17 | [[File:Andrew_Johnson_photo_portrait_head_and_shoulders,_c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg|80px]] | [[Andrew Johnson]]<br/><small>([[1808]]–[[1875]]) | [[15 April]] [[1865]] | [[4 March]] [[1869]] | [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]], [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | - | [[John C. Breckinridge]] |- !18 | [[File:Ulysses_S_Grant_by_Brady_c1870-restored.jpg|80px]] | [[Ulysses S. Grant]]<br/><small>([[1822]]–[[1885]]) | [[4 March]] [[1869]] | [[4 March]] [[1877]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1868]], [[1872]] | [[Schuyler Colfax]], [[Henry Wilson]] |- !19 | [[File:President Rutherford Hayes 1870 - 1880 Restored.jpg|80px]] | [[Rutherford B. Hayes]]<br/><small>([[1822]]–[[1893]]) | [[4 March]] [[1877]] | [[4 March]] [[1881]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1876]] | [[William A. Wheeler]] |- !20 | [[File:James_Abram_Garfield,_photo_portrait_seated.jpg|80px]] | [[James A. Garfield]]<br/><small>([[1831]]–[[1881]]) | [[4 March]] [[1881]] | [[19 September]] [[1881]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1880]] | [[Chester A. Arthur]] |- !21 | [[File:Chester_A._Arthur_by_Abraham_Bogardus_-_black_&_white.jpg|80px]] | [[Chester A. Arthur]]<br/><small>([[1829]]–[[1886]]) | [[19 September]] [[1881]] | [[4 March]] [[1885]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | - | - |- !22 | [[File:Grover_Cleveland_-_NARA_-_518139_(cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Grover Cleveland]]<br/><small>([[1837]]–[[1908]]) | [[4 March]] [[1885]] | [[4 March]] [[1889]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1884]] | [[THomas A. Hendricks]] |- !23 | [[File:Benjamin_Harrison,_head_and_shoulders_bw_photo,_1896.jpg|80px]] | [[Benjamin Harrison]]<br/><small>([[1833]]–[[1901]]) | [[4 March]] [[1889]] | [[4 March]] [[1893]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1888]] | [[Levi P. Morton]] |- !24 | [[File:Grover_Cleveland_-_NARA_-_518139_(cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Grover Cleveland]]<br/><small>([[1837]]–[[1908]]) | [[4 March]] [[1893]] | [[4 March]] [[1897]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1892]] | [[Aldai Stevenson I]] |- !25 | [[File:Mckinley.jpg|80px]] | [[William McKinley]]<br/><small>([[1843]]–[[1901]]) | [[4 March]] [[1897]] | [[14 September]] [[1901]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1896]],[[1900]] | [[Garret Hobart]]<br/>[[Theodore Roosevelt]] |- !26 | [[File:Theodore_Roosevelt_by_the_Pach_Bros.jpg|80px]] | [[Theodore Roosevelt]]<br/><small>([[1858]]–[[1919]]) | [[14 September]] [[1901]] | [[4 March]] [[1909]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1904]] | [[Charles W. Fairbanks]] |- !27 | [[File:William_Howard_Taft,_head-and-shoulders_portrait,_facing_front.jpg|80px]] | [[William Howard Taft]]<br/><small>([[1857]]–[[1930]]) | [[4 March]] [[1909]] | [[4 March]] [[1913]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1908]] | [[James S. Sherman]] |- !28 | [[File:Woodrow Wilson in 1919.jpg|80px]] | [[Woodrow Wilson]]<br/><small>([[1856]]–[[1924]]) | [[4 March]] [[1913]] | [[4 March]] [[1921]] | [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] | [[1912]], [[1916]] | [[Thomas R. Marshall]] |- !29 | [[File:Warren_G_Harding-Harris_&_Ewing.jpg|80px]] | [[Warren G. Harding]]<br/><small>([[1865]]–[[1923]]) | [[4 March]] [[1921]] | [[2 August]] [[1923]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1920]] | [[Calvin Coolidge]] |- !30 | [[File:Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777_(cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Calvin Coolidge]]<br/><small>([[1872]]–[[1933]]) | [[2 August]] [[1923]] | [[4 March]] [[1929]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1924]] | [[Charles G. Dawes]] |- !31 | [[File:President_Hoover_portrait.jpg|80px]] | [[Herbert Hoover]]<br/><small>([[1874]]–[[1964]]) | [[4 March]] [[1929]] | [[4 March]] [[1933]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[1928]] | [[Charles Curtis]] |- !32 | [[File:FDR_1944_Color_Portrait.jpg|80px]] | [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]<br/><small>([[1882]]–[[1945]]) | [[4 March]] [[1933]] | [[12 April]] [[1945]] | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[1932]], [[1936]], [[1940]], [[1944]] | [[John Nance Garner]], [[Henry A. Wallace]], [[Harry S. Truman]] |- !32 | [[File:TRUMAN_58-766-06_(cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Harry S. Truman]]<br/><small>([[1884]]–[[1972]]) | [[12 April]] [[1945]] | [[20 January]] [[1953]] | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[1948]] | [[Alben W. Barkley]] |} '''Website''': https://www.usa.gov == National Symbols == '''Bird''': Bald Eagle; '''Mammal''': [[North America]]n Bison; '''Floral Emblem''': Rose; '''Tree''': Oak<gallery> file:January 2025 Official Presidential Portrait of Donald J. Trump.jpg|[[Donald Trump]] - sign file:1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.jpg|White House file:NYC wideangle south from Top of the Rock.jpg|[[New York City]] file:Sitka, Alaska 1997.jpg|Sitka file:Dean Franklin - 06.04.03 Mount Rushmore Monument (by-sa).jpg|Mount Rushmore file:Grand Canyon Hopi Point with rainbow 2013.jpg|Grand Canyon </gallery> == references == <references /> [[vibhag:U]] [[vibhag:S]] [[vibhag:A]] [[vibhag:U.S.A.]] 64pg1uvt8nyphba82jfo3veygqlobho 0 69271 336577 2026-07-12T12:16:46Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer | name = Nikolay Nekrasov | image = Nikolay Nekrasov 2cr.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = Nekrasov in 1870 | pseudonym = | birth_name = Nikolay Alexeyevich Nekrasov | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|10 December|1821|28 November}}<ref name=brit>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nikolay-Alekseyevich-Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseyevich Nekrasov]. Encyclopaedia Britannica.</ref> | birth_pl..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Nikolay Nekrasov | image = Nikolay Nekrasov 2cr.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = Nekrasov in 1870 | pseudonym = | birth_name = Nikolay Alexeyevich Nekrasov | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|10 December|1821|28 November}}<ref name=brit>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nikolay-Alekseyevich-Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseyevich Nekrasov]. Encyclopaedia Britannica.</ref> | birth_place = [[Nemyriv]], [[Bratslavsky Uyezd]], [[Podolia Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]<ref name=brit/> | death_date = {{OldStyleDateDY|8 January|1878|27 December 1877}} (aged 56)<ref name=brit/> | death_place = [[Saint Petersburg]], Russian Empire<ref name=brit/> | occupation = Poet, publisher | language = [[Russian language|Russian]] | nationality = [[Russians|Russian]] | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = | spouse = Fyokla Viktorova | partner = | children = | signature = Nikolay Nekrasov Signature.svg }} [[File:Nikolay Nekrasov by Ge.jpg|thumb|right|Nikolai Nekrasov ke portrait jiske [[Nikolai Ge]], 1872 me banais rahaa.]] '''Nikolay Alexeyevich Nekrasov''' ({{lang-rus|Никола́й Алексе́евич Некра́сов|p=nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪtɕ nʲɪˈkrasəf|a=Ru-Nikolay_Alexeyevich_Nekrasov.ogg}}, {{OldStyleDate|10 December|1821|28 November}} – {{OldStyleDateDY|8 January|1878|27 December 1877}}) ek [[Russia]]n kavi, lekhak, critic aur publisher rahaa, jiske gahiraa compassionate kavita [[Serfdom in Russia|Russian peasantry]] ke baare me uske liberal aur radical circles in the Russian [[intelligentsia]] of the mid-nineteenth century ke baare me hae, khaas kar ke jiske [[Vissarion Belinsky]] aur [[Nikolay Chernyshevsky]] likhis hae. Uske credit karaa jaawe hae ternary meters and the technique of [[dramatic monologue]] (''On the Road'', 1845) ke to Russian poetry me introduce kare ke khaatir.<ref>Cizevskij, Dmitrij (1974). ''History of Nineteenth-Century Russian Literature''. Vanderbilt University Press. p. 104. {{ISBN|0826511880}}</ref> Dher literary journals ke ruup me, khaas kar ke ''[[Sovremennik]]'', Nekrasov bhi singularly successful aur influential rahaa.<ref name="zhdanov">{{cite web | author = Zhdanov, Vladimir | date = 1971| url = http://az.lib.ru/n/nekrasow_n_a/text_0130.shtml|title = Nekrasov| publisher = Molodaya Gvardiya Publishers. ЖЗЛ (The Lives of Distinguished People) series| access-date = 13 January 2014}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1821|1877|Nekrasov, Nikolay}} [[Vibhag:N]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke kavi]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke lekhak]] sk5zlwh9w60gf2u1jrcvo77rnu6rkni 14 69272 336578 2026-07-12T12:17:25Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "[[Vibhag:1877]] [[Vibhag:Maut]]" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336578 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Vibhag:1877]] [[Vibhag:Maut]] drql605ty3zrs6su8bn75p5y29e555x 3 69273 336580 2026-07-13T06:08:38Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 336580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=AmeerShirolkar1}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 06:08, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) r8yzm3ypittztegenwtf2jszgaqezwd 0 69274 336581 2026-07-13T09:19:26Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | name = Boris Pasternak | image = Boris Pasternak 1958 photo.jpg | caption = Pasternak in 1959 | birth_name=Boris Leonidovich Pasternak | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1890|2|10}} | birth_place = Moscow, Russian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1960|5|30|1890|2|10}} | death_place = [[Peredelkino]], Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | partner = Olga Iv..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | name = Boris Pasternak | image = Boris Pasternak 1958 photo.jpg | caption = Pasternak in 1959 | birth_name=Boris Leonidovich Pasternak | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1890|2|10}} | birth_place = Moscow, Russian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1960|5|30|1890|2|10}} | death_place = [[Peredelkino]], Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | partner = [[Olga Ivinskaya]] | spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Evgeniya Lurye|1922|1931|reason=divorce}}|{{marriage|Zinaida Neuhaus|1931}}}} | children = 2, including [[Evgeny Pasternak|Evgeny]] | parent = {{unbulleted list|[[Leonid Pasternak]] (father)|Rosalia Isidorovna Kofmann Pasternak (mother)}} | relatives = {{unbulleted list|[[Aleksandr Pasternak]] (brother)|[[Josephine Pasternak]] (sister)| [[Lydia Pasternak Slater]] (sister)}} | occupation = {{cslist|Poet|writer}} | notableworks = {{ubl|''My Sister, Life''|''The Second Birth''|''[[Doctor Zhivago (novel)|Doctor Zhivago]]''}} | alma_mater = [[Moscow State University]] (1913)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://godliteratury.ru/amp/articles/2025/01/24/moskovskomu-gosudarstvennomu-universitetu-270-let-kto-iz-russkih-pisatelej-uchilsia-v-mgu|title=Московскому государственному университету — 270 лет. Кто из русских писателей учился в МГУ?|lang=ru|website=Год Литературы|date=2025-01-24|access-date=2026-03-04|archive-date=2025-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175239/https://godliteratury.ru/amp/articles/2025/01/24/moskovskomu-gosudarstvennomu-universitetu-270-let-kto-iz-russkih-pisatelej-uchilsia-v-mgu|url-status=live}}</ref> | awards = {{awards|[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]|(1958; declined)}} | signature = Boris Pasternak signature.svg }} '''Boris Leonidovich Pasternak'''<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pasternak "Pasternak"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{IPA|ru|bɐˈrʲis lʲɪɐˈnʲidəvʲɪtɕ pəstɨrˈnak|IPA}};<ref>{{cite book|author1=F.L. Ageenko|author2=M.V. Zarva|title=Slovar' udarenij|language=ru|location=Moscow|publisher=Russkij jazyk|page=686}}</ref>}} ({{OldStyleDate|10 February|1890|29 January}}{{snd}}30 May 1960) ek [[Russia]]n aur Soviet kavi, novelist, aur literary anuwadak rahaa. 1917 me, Pasternak ke pahila kavita ke book , ''My Sister, Life'', ke Berlin me publish karaa gais rahaa aur 1922 me ii [[Russian language]] ke ek khaas collection me rahaa. Pasternak [[stage play]] ke anuwaad karis jon [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], [[Friedrich Schiller|Schiller]], [[Pedro Calderón de la Barca|Calderón de la Barca]] aur [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] likhe rahin aur Russian audiences me mashuur bhais rahaa. ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1890|1960|Pasternak, Boris}} [[Vibhag:P]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke kavi]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke lekhak]] fifc698f71900wcqlv8yqpmtyy4f3y7 14 69275 336582 2026-07-13T09:20:02Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "[[Vibhag:Russian bhasa]]" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336582 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Vibhag:Russian bhasa]] kidvhm8jjssh3docyg2nq9c3hl7k1ek 0 69276 336583 2026-07-13T09:36:02Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer<!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | name = Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn | native_name = {{lang|ru|Александр Исаевич Солженицын}} | image = Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1974crop.jpg | alt = Black-and-white head shot of Solzhenitsyn | caption = Solzhenitsyn in 1974 | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1918|12|11}} | birth_place = [..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer<!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | name = Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn | native_name = {{lang|ru|Александр Исаевич Солженицын}} | image = Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1974crop.jpg | alt = Black-and-white head shot of Solzhenitsyn | caption = Solzhenitsyn in 1974 | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1918|12|11}} | birth_place = [[Kislovodsk]], Russian SFSR | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2008|8|3|1918|12|11}} | death_place = Moscow, Russia | occupation = {{cslist|Novelist|essayist|historian}} | citizenship = {{ublist|[[Soviet Union]] (1922–1974)|[[Statelessness|Stateless]] (1974–1990)<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/27/us/solzhenitsyn-flies-home-vowing-moral-involvement-88.html "Solzhenitsyn Flies Home, Vowing Moral Involvement ..."]. ''The New York Times''. 27 May 1994. Retrieved 29 May 2014.</ref>|Soviet Union (1990–1991)|Russia (from 1991)}} | alma_mater = [[Rostov State University]] | spouses = {{plain list| * {{marriage|[[Natalia Alekseyevna Reshetovskaya]]|1940|1952|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|<!--Natalia Alekseyevna Reshetovskaya-->|1957|1972|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Natalia Solzhenitsyna|Natalia Dmitrievna Svetlova]]|1973}} }} | children = 3, including [[Ignat Solzhenitsyn|Ignat]] | notable_works = [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn bibliography|Full list]] | awards = {{unbulleted list |[[Nobel Prize in Literature]] (1970) |[[Templeton Prize]] (1983) |[[Lomonosov Gold Medal]] (1998) |[[State Prize of the Russian Federation]] (2007) |[[International Botev Prize]] (2008) |[[Order of St. Andrew]] (1998, refused) }} | signature = Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn signature.svg | signature_alt = | website = {{URL|solzhenitsyn.ru}} }} '''Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn''' {{respell|SOL|zhə|NIT|sin}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Solzhenitsyn,+Alexander |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411013540/https://www.lexico.com/definition/solzhenitsyn,_alexander |url-status=dead |archive-date=2022-04-11 |title=Solzhenitsyn, Alexander |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref name="collins">{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/solzhenitsyn|title=Solzhenitsyn|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="longman">{{cite web|url=https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/alexander-solzhenitsyn|title=Solzhenitsyn, Alexander|work=[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]]|publisher=[[Longman]]|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|s|oʊ|l|-|,_|-|ˈ|n|iː|t|-}} {{respell|SOHL|-,_-|NEET|-}};<ref name="collins"/><ref name="longman"/><ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Solzhenitsyn|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref> {{lang-rus|links=no|Александр Исаевич Солженицын|p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr‿ɨˈsajɪvʲɪtɕ səlʐɨˈnʲitsɨn}}. ([[11 December]] [[1918]] – [[3 August]] [[2008]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1970/solzhenitsyn/biographical/|title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1970|website=NobelPrize.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/fighting_words/2008/08/the_man_who_kept_on_writing.html|title=Alexander Solzhenitsyn, 1918–2008.|author=Christopher Hitchens|date=4 August 2008|work=Slate Magazine}}</ref> ek Soviet aur [[Russia]]n lekhak aur [[Soviet dissidents|dissident]] rahaa jon [[political repression in the Soviet Union]] ke global awareness ke raise karis rahaa, khaas kar ke [[Gulag]] prison system. Uske 1970 me [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] dewa gais rahaa "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature".<ref name="Noble">{{cite web|url= http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1970/ |title=Nobel Prize in Literature 1970|publisher=Nobel Foundation | access-date =17 October 2008}}</ref> Uske nonfiction kaam ''[[The Gulag Archipelago]]'' "amounted to a head-on challenge to the Soviet state" aur dher million copies bikaa rahaa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Scammell |first1=Michael |title=The Writer Who Destroyed an Empire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/11/opinion/solzhenitsyn-soviet-union-putin.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/11/opinion/solzhenitsyn-soviet-union-putin.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |work=The New York Times |date=11 December 2018 |quote=In 1973, still in the Soviet Union, he sent abroad his literary and polemical masterpiece, '[[The Gulag Archipelago]].' The nonfiction account exposed the enormous crimes that had led to the wholesale incarceration and slaughter of millions of innocent victims, demonstrating that its dimensions were on a par with the Holocaust. Solzhenitsyn's gesture amounted to a head-on challenge to the Soviet state, calling its very legitimacy into question and demanding revolutionary change.}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Uske pitaji ke dewa gais naam Isaakiy rahaa, jiske badal ke ''Isaakiyevich'' likha jaawat rahaa; lekin, ''Isaakovich'' aur ''Isayevich'' duuno official documents me rahaa, lekin second waala accepted version hoe gais rahaa. Uske pahila naam ke jaada kar ke roman script me ''Alexandr'' nai to ''Alexander'' likha jaawat rahaa. ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1918|2008|Soltzhenitsyn, Aleksandr}} [[Vibhag:S]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke lekhak]] r8rpghuar3l5fokw2akeyz9pke7fhl8 0 69277 336584 2026-07-13T10:17:39Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | name = Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy | image = ANTolstoy.jpg | caption = | birth_name = Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1883|1|10}} | birth_place = [[Pugachyov|Nikolayevsk]], Samara Governorate, Russian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1945|2|23|1883|1|10}} | death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union | o..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | name = Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy | image = ANTolstoy.jpg | caption = | birth_name = Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1883|1|10}} | birth_place = [[Pugachyov|Nikolayevsk]], Samara Governorate, Russian Empire | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1945|2|23|1883|1|10}} | death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union | occupation = {{hlist|Novelist|poet|journalist|writer}} | period = 1907–1945 | genre = [[Science fiction]], [[historical fiction]] | signature = Aleksey Nikolaevich Tolstoy Signature.svg | spouse = J. Rožanska }} '''Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy''' ( {{OldStyleDateNY|10 January 1883|29 December 1882}} – 23 February 1945) ek [[Russia]]n aur Soviet lekhak rahaa jiske kaam dher genres me span karat rahaa, lekin jaada kar ke [[science fiction]] aur [[historical novel|historical fiction]] me rahaa. 1917 ke [[Bolshevik Revolution]] ke virod ke bawajuut, uu Russia chhe saal baad lautis rahaa aur ek privileged jindagi bitais rahaa ek highly paid lekhak ke ruup me, jiske biswas karaa jaawat rahaa ki millionaire rahaa, jon aapan lekh ke badlis rahaa jisse ki uu [[All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]] ke baad sune. ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1882|1945|Tolstoy, Aleksey}} [[Vibhag:T]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke lekhak]] svcv8zcmzaxj18ah2v281pnwgt8iijx 10 69278 336585 2026-07-13T10:20:52Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{{1}}} &#91;[[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]] {{{2}}}&#93;<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude>" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{1}}} &#91;[[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]] {{{2}}}&#93;<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> tkkt80z1sqtm7n71akmhcfrdeur2sr4 0 69279 336586 2026-07-13T10:30:23Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer | name = Ivan Turgenev | native_name = {{lang|ru|Иван Тургенев}} | image = Turgenev by Repin.jpg | caption = Portrait by [[Ilya Repin]], 1874 | birth_name = Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev | birth_date = {{birth date|1818|11|9|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Oryol]], Russia<!--See MOS:GEOLINK--> | death_date = {{death date and age|1883|9|3|1818|11|9|df=y}} | death_place..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Ivan Turgenev | native_name = {{lang|ru|Иван Тургенев}} | image = Turgenev by Repin.jpg | caption = Portrait by [[Ilya Repin]], 1874 | birth_name = Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev | birth_date = {{birth date|1818|11|9|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Oryol]], Russia<!--See MOS:GEOLINK--> | death_date = {{death date and age|1883|9|3|1818|11|9|df=y}} | death_place = [[Bougival]], France | occupation = {{hlist|Writer|poet|translator}} | children = 1 | genre = Novel, play, short story | subject = | movement = [[Literary realism|Realism]], [[natural school]] | notableworks = {{plain list| * ''[[A Sportsman's Sketches]]'' * ''[[Home of the Gentry]]'' * ''[[Fathers and Sons (novel)|Fathers and Sons]]'' * ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]'' }} | signature = Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev Signature.svg }} [[File:Turgenev 1844 by Lami.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Ivan Turgenev by [[Eugène Lami]], c. 1843–1844]] '''Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev''' (1818–1883) ek [[Russia]]n novelist, chhotaa khissa ke lekhak, kavi, playwright, anuwaadak aur popularizer of [[Russian literature]] in the West rahaa. Uske pahila khaas publication, ek chhotaa khissa ke sangrah, titled ''[[A Sportsman's Sketches]]'' (1852), [[Literary realism|Russian realism]] me ek milestone rahaa. Uske novel ''[[Fathers and Sons (novel)|Fathers and Sons]]'' (1862) 19th-century [[fiction]] ke ek khaas kaam maana jaawe hae. ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1818|1883|Turgenev, Ivan}} [[Vibhag:T]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke lekhak]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke kavi]] eeso48sraf8j3wlwgzyfaj6wytkunfb 336587 336586 2026-07-13T10:42:28Z Sampaadak 1104 336587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Ivan Turgenev | native_name = {{lang|ru|Иван Тургенев}} | image = Turgenev by Repin.jpg | caption = Portrait by [[Ilya Repin]], 1874 | birth_name = Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev | birth_date = {{birth date|1818|11|9|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Oryol]], Russia<!--See MOS:GEOLINK--> | death_date = {{death date and age|1883|9|3|1818|11|9|df=y}} | death_place = [[Bougival]], France | occupation = {{hlist|Writer|poet|translator}} | children = 1 | genre = Novel, play, short story | subject = | movement = [[Literary realism|Realism]], [[natural school]] | notableworks = {{plain list| * ''[[A Sportsman's Sketches]]'' * ''[[Home of the Gentry]]'' * ''[[Fathers and Sons (novel)|Fathers and Sons]]'' * ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]'' }} | signature = Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev Signature.svg }} [[File:Turgenev 1844 by Lami.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Ivan Turgenev by [[Eugène Lami]], c. 1843–1844]] '''Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev''' (1818–1883) ek [[Russia]]n novelist, chhotaa khissa ke lekhak, kavi, playwright, anuwaadak aur popularizer of [[Russian literature]] in the West rahaa. Uske pahila khaas publication, ek chhotaa khissa ke sangrah, titled ''[[A Sportsman's Sketches]]'' (1852), [[Literary realism|Russian realism]] me ek milestone rahaa. Uske novel ''[[Fathers and Sons (novel)|Fathers and Sons]]'' (1862) 19th-century [[fiction]] ke ek khaas kaam maana jaawe hae. == Prakashan == ===Novels=== * 1856: ''[[Rudin]]'' * 1859: ''[[Home of the Gentry]]'' (Дворянское гнездо), also translated as ''A Nest of Gentlefolk'', ''A House of Gentlefolk'' and ''Liza'' * 1860: ''[[On the Eve]]'' (Накануне) * 1862: ''[[Fathers and Sons (novel)|Fathers and Sons]]'' (Отцы и дети), also translated as ''Fathers and Children'' * 1867: ''[[Smoke (Turgenev novel)|Smoke]]'' (Дым) * 1872: ''[[Torrents of Spring]]'' (Вешние воды) * 1877: ''[[Virgin Soil]]'' (Новь) ===Kuchh chhotaa khissa=== [[File:Dmitriev 017.jpg|thumb|right|Ivan Turgenev hunting (1879) by [[Nikolai Dmitriev-Orenburgsky]] (private collection)]] * 1850: ''Dnevnik lishnevo cheloveka'' (Дневник лишнего человека); novella, English translation: ''[[The Diary of a Superfluous Man]]'' * 1852: ''Zapiski okhotnika'' (Записки охотника); collection of stories, English translations: ''[[A Sportsman's Sketches]]'', ''The Hunter's Sketches'', ''A Sportsman's Notebook'' * 1854: "[[Mumu (Turgenev)|Mumu]]" (Муму); short story, English translation: ''[[Mumu (Turgenev)|Mumu]]'' * 1855: ''Yakov Pasynkov'' (Яков Пасынков); novella * 1856: ''[[Faust (Turgenev)|Faust]]'' (Фауст); novella * 1858: ''[[Asya (novella)|Asya]]'' (Ася); novella, English translation: ''Asya'' or ''Annouchka'' * 1860: ''Pervaya lyubov'' (Первая любовь); novella, English translation: ''[[First Love (Turgenev novella)|First Love]]'' * 1870: ''Stepnoy korol Lir'' (Степной король Лир); novella, English translation: ''[[King Lear of the Steppes]]'' * 1881: ''Pesn torzhestvuyushchey lyubvi'' (Песнь торжествующей любви); novella, English translation: ''[[The Song of Triumphant Love]]'' * 1883: ''Klara Milich'' (Клара Милич); novella, English translation: ''[[The Mysterious Tales]]'' ===Naatak=== * 1843: ''A Rash Thing to Do'' (Неосторожность) * 1847: ''It Tears Where It Is Thin'' (Где тонко, там и рвётся) * 1849/1856: ''Breakfast at the Chief's'' (Завтрак у предводителя) * 1850/1851: ''A Conversation on the Highway'' (Разговор на большой дороге) * 1846/1852: ''Lack of Money'' (Безденежье) * 1851: ''[[A Provincial Lady]]'' (Провинциалка) * 1857/1862: ''[[Fortune's Fool (1848 play)|Fortune's Fool]]'' (Нахлебник), also translated as ''The Hanger-On'' and ''The Family Charge'' * 1855/1872: ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]'' (Месяц в деревне) * 1882: ''An Evening in Sorrento'' (Вечер в Сорренто) === Duusra === * 1877–1882: ''[[Poems in Prose (Turgenev)|Poems in Prose]]'' (Стихотворения в прозе) ==Aur Dekho== * [[Alexander Dmitriyevich Kastalsky]], who composed an opera based on the novella ''Klara Milich'' * [[Yevgeni Bauer]], who directed a film based on ''Klara Milich'': [[After Death (1915 film)]] * Sir [[Frederick Ashton]], who created [[A Month in the Country (ballet)|a ballet based on]] ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]'' in 1976 * [[3323 Turgenev|Asteroid 3323 Turgenev]], named after the writer * [[Lee Hoiby]], an American composer and his opera based on ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]'' * [[Vladimir Rebikov]], who composed an opera based on ''[[Home of the Gentry]]'' in 1916 * [[Galina Ulanova]], who advised her pupils to read such stories of Turgenev's as "[[Asya (novella)|Asya]]" or ''[[Torrents of Spring]]'' when preparing to dance [[Giselle]] * ''[[The Coast of Utopia]]'' ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1818|1883|Turgenev, Ivan}} [[Vibhag:T]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke lekhak]] [[Vibhag:Russia ke kavi]] 3jci94c2eairo73h7wfp2tb5avfdefv 0 69280 336589 2026-07-13T11:18:06Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer <!--For more information, see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]].--> | name = Honoré de Balzac | honorific_suffix = | image = 奥·巴尔扎克.png | caption = Revised [[daguerreotype]] taken in 1842 | birth_name = Honoré Balzac<ref name="Jean-Louis Dega 1998">Jean-Louis Dega, La vie prodigieuse de Bernard-François Balssa, père d'Honoré de Balzac : Aux sources historiques de La Comédie Hum..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer <!--For more information, see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]].--> | name = Honoré de Balzac | honorific_suffix = | image = 奥·巴尔扎克.png | caption = Revised [[daguerreotype]] taken in 1842 | birth_name = Honoré Balzac<ref name="Jean-Louis Dega 1998">Jean-Louis Dega, La vie prodigieuse de Bernard-François Balssa, père d'Honoré de Balzac : Aux sources historiques de La Comédie Humaine, Rodez, Subervie, 1998, 665 p.</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1799|05|20}} | birth_place = [[Tours]], Touraine, France | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1850|08|18|1799|05|20}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]] | alma_mater = [[University of Paris]] | occupation = {{cslist|Writer|critic|journalist|[[printer (publishing)|printer]]}} | genre = {{cslist|Novel|drama|essay}} | movement = [[Literary realism|Realism]] | notableworks = {{cslist|''[[La Comédie humaine]]''}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Ewelina Hańska]]|1850}} | signature = Honoré de Balzac signature c1842-43.svg | years_active = 1829–1850 | awards = Chevalier of the [[Legion of Honour]] (1845) }} '''Honoré de Balzac''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|æ|l|z|æ|k}} {{respell|BAL|zak}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Balzac,+Honor%C3%A9+de |title=Balzac, Honoré de |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811070605/https://www.lexico.com/definition/balzac,_honore_de|archive-date=11 August 2022}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|alsoUS|ˈ|b|ɔː|l|-}} {{respell|BAWL|-}};<ref>{{cite Collins Dictionary|Balzac|access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite Merriam-Webster|Balzac|access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite Dictionary.com|Balzac|access-date=}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|ɔnɔʁe d(ə) balzak|lang}}; born '''Honoré Balzac'''; [[20 May]] [[1799]]&nbsp;– [[18 August]] [[1850]]) [[France]] ke ek novelist aur playwright rahaa. Uske novel sequence ''[[La Comédie humaine]]'', jon post-Napoleonic French life ke describe kare hae, ke jaada kar ke uske ''[[Masterpiece|magnum opus]]'' maana jaawe hae. Kaaheki uu chij ke detail me smart rahaa uu samaj ke unfiltered represent karat rahaa, aur ii kaaran se Balzac ke ek founder of [[Literary realism|realism]] in [[European literature]] maana jaawe hae.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=myLDA0_brhcC&pg=PA102|title=Encyclopedia of Literary Translation Into English: A-L|first=O.|last=Classe|date=26 November 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|access-date=26 November 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=978-1-884964-36-7}}</ref> Uu mashuur hae multi-faceted characters ke kaam me laae ke khaatir; uske chhotaa characters bhi complex hae, morally ambiguous aur puura insaan hae. Inanimate objects ke uu character ke ruup me bhi kaam me laae hae; city of Paris, jon uske dher lekh ke backdrop hae , dher human qualities le hae. Uske lekh dher famous lekhak ke influence karis hae, jisme hae novelists [[Émile Zola]], [[Charles Dickens]], [[Marcel Proust]], [[Gustave Flaubert]], [[Henry James]] aur [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], aur filmmakers [[François Truffaut]] aur [[Jacques Rivette]]. Balzac ke dher kaam ke films banaawa gais gae aur duusra lekhak ke abhi talak inspire kare hae. James uske "really the father of us all." bolis rahaa<ref>Henry James, The Art of Fiction, 'The Lesson of Balzac', p.102 of the 1956 Vintage edition</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1799|1850|de Balzac, Honore}} [[Vibhag:B]] [[Vibhag:France ke lekhak]] 3w4gw8741kwct5oe3w4iji76tgflg0o 0 69281 336591 2026-07-13T11:57:14Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox writer | birth_name = Charles-Pierre Baudelaire | image = Étienne Carjat, Portrait of Charles Baudelaire, circa 1862.jpg | caption = Baudelaire {{circa|1862}} | birth_date = 9 April 1821 | birth_place = Paris, France | death_date = {{Death date and age|1867|8|31|1821|4|9|df=y}} | death_place = Paris, France | occupation = Poet, art critic, philosopher | education = Lycée Loui..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 336591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | birth_name = Charles-Pierre Baudelaire | image = Étienne Carjat, Portrait of Charles Baudelaire, circa 1862.jpg | caption = Baudelaire {{circa|1862}} | birth_date = 9 April 1821 | birth_place = Paris, France | death_date = {{Death date and age|1867|8|31|1821|4|9|df=y}} | death_place = Paris, France | occupation = Poet, art critic, philosopher | education = [[Lycée Louis-le-Grand]] | period = 1844–1867 | movement = [[Decadent movement|Decadent]] | signature = Baudelaire signatur.svg }} '''Charles-Pierre Baudelaire''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|b|oʊ|d|ə|l|ɛ:}}; {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|b|oʊ|d|(|ə|)|ˈ|l|ɛər}};<ref>[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Baudelaire "Baudelaire"]. [[Merriam-Webster]].</ref> {{IPA|fr|ʃaʁl(ə) bodlɛʁ|lang|Fr-Charles Baudelaire.oga}}; [[9 April]] [[1821]] – [[31 August]] [[1867]] ek French kavi rahaa, [[essay]]ist, anuwadak aur [[art critic]]. Uske kavita ke describe karaa gais hae as exhibiting mastery of rhythm and rhyme, containing an exoticism inherited from the [[Romanticism|Romantics]], and are based on observations of real life.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Norwich|first=John Julius|title=Oxford illustrated encyclopedia|date=1985–1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Judge, Harry George., Toyne, Anthony.|isbn=0-19-869129-7|location=Oxford [England]|pages=38|oclc=11814265}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} {{BD|1821|1867|Buadelaire, Charles}} [[Vibhag:B]] [[Vibhag:France ke kavi]] [[Vibhag:France ke lekhak]] mvekw9u1lb1kf5f00e8o20go7bf0qv7