1962

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    <title>1962</title>
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'''1962''' ke saal sombaar ke roj suruu bhais rahaa.

== Ghatna ==
* [[17 June]] - 7th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Chile]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Brazil]], [[Czechoslovakia]] ke 3-1 se harais rahaa.
* [[5 July]] - '''[[Algeria]]''' ke [[France]] se ajaadi mila.
* [[August]] - [[Fiji]] me soccer ke  [[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 1962|25th Inter-district Championship (IDC)]], [[Lautoka (city), Fiji|Lautoka]] me khela gais rahaa, jiske final me [[Lautoka Football Association|Lautoka]], [[Ba Football Association|Ba]] ke 7-0 se harais.

== Janam ==
[[File:Steve Irwin.jpg|thumb|160px|Steve Irwin]]
* [[22 February]] - '''Steve Irwin''' (maut: [[4 September]] [[2006]]).
* [[3 April]] - '''Jaya Prada''', [[Hindi]] film ke actress, ke janam Andhra Pradesh, [[India]] me bhais rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;[[w:Jaya Prada|Jaya Prada]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maut ==
* [[4 August]] - '''[[Marilyn Monroe]]''' (janam: [[1 June]] [[1926]]).

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{YEARS}}

[[vibhag:1962| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1966</title>
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'''1966''' ek leap saal rahaa jon ki budh ke din suruu bhaes rahaa.

== Ghatna ==
[[File:Indira Gandhi in 1967.jpg|right|160px|thumb|Indira Gandhi India ke P.M. banis]]
* [[19 January]] - '''Indira Gandhi''' ke India ke Prime Minister banawa gais. &lt;ref&gt;[[w:Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] &lt;/ref&gt;
* [[3 February]] - Russia, chandarma me ek probe land karis. &lt;ref&gt; [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/3/newsid_4063000/4063471.stm 1966: Soviets land probe on Moon] &lt;/ref&gt;
* [[30 July]] - 8th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[England]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[England]], [[Germany]] ke 4-2 se harais rahaa.
* [[August]] - [[Fiji]] me soccer ke '''[[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 1966|29th Inter-district Championship (IDC)]]''', [[Suva (city), Fiji|Suva]] me khela gais rahaa, jiske final me [[Ba Football Association|Ba]], [[Suva Soccer Association|Suva]] ke 5-0 se harais.
* [[12 September]] - Fiji me 9th census lia gais jiske anusaar 476,727 ke population me se 240,960 Hindustani rahin. &lt;ref&gt; Brij V. Lal, ''Broken Waves: A history of the Fiji Islands in the twentieth century'', pp. 336-7, University of Hawaii Press, USA, 1992, ISBN 0-8248-1418-5 &lt;/ref&gt;

== Janam ==
[[File:Rick Astley.jpg|thumb|160px|Rick Astley]]
* [[6 February]] - '''[[Rick Astley]]'''.
* [[15 April]] - '''[[Samantha Fox]]'''.
* [[3 June]] - '''Wasim Akram''', Pakistani cricketer, ke janam Lahore, Panjab, Pakistan me bhaes rahaa. &lt;ref&gt;[[w:Wasim Akram|Wasim Akram]] &lt;/ref&gt;
* [[11 November]] - '''[[Benedicta Boccoli]]''', [[Italy]] film and [[theatre]] ke actress, ke janam Milan, [[Italy]]. &lt;ref&gt; [[w:Benedicta Boccoli|Benedicta Boccoli]] &lt;/ref&gt;

== Maut ==
* [[11 January]] - '''Lal Bahadur Shastri''', jon ki India ke tiisra Prime Miinister rahaa, ke maut Tashkent, Uzbekistan me bhaes rahaa. (janam: [[2 October]] [[1904]])&lt;ref&gt;[[w:Lal Bahadur Shastri|Lal Bahadur Shastri]]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[file:Busterkeaton_edit.jpg|left|80px|thumb|Keaton]]
* [[1 February]] - '''[[Buster Keaton]]''', [[America]]n actor ke maut [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] me bhais rahaa.

== Maut ==

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
{{Template:YEARS}}
[[Category:1966| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1972</title>
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'''1972''' ke saal sanichar ke roj suruu bhais rahaa.

== Ghatna ==
* '''[[Bhawani Dayal Arya College]]'''  ke  [[Fiji me Arya Samaj|Arya Samaj]], Nakasi, [[Nasinu]] me suruu karis rahaa.
* ''[[Pt. Vishnu Deo Memorial College]]''' ke [[Fiji me Arya Samaj|Arya Samaj]]  Saweni, [[Lautoka district, Fiji]] me banais rahaa.
* [[21 January]] - Tripura, India ke ek state ban gais.&lt;ref&gt;[[w:Tripura|Tripura]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[25 June]] - 9th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Argentina]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Argentina]], [[Netherlands]] ke 3-1 se harais rahaa.
* [[August]] - [[Fiji]] me soccer ke [[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 1972|35th Inter-district Championship (IDC)]], [[Suva (city), Fiji|Suva]] me khela gais raha, jiske final me, penalty kicks ke baad, Rewa, Labasa ke 10-9 se harais.

== Janam ==
== Maut ==
[[File:AyodhyaPrasad2.jpg|right|160px|thumb|Ayodhya Prasad]]
* [[28 February]] - '''[[Ayodhya Prasad]]''', jon ki Fiji ke pahila [[Kisan Sangh]] ke suruu karis rahaa, ke maut Lautoka, Fiji me bhais rahaa. (janam: [[30 April]] [[1909]])
* [[20 July]] - Geeta Dutt, Hindi film ke playback singer, ke maut Bombay me bhais rahaa. (janam: [[23 November]] [[1930]])&lt;ref&gt;[[w:Geeta Dutt|Geeta Dutt]]&lt;/ref&gt;
== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{YEARS}}

[[Category:1972| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1974</title>
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    <id>225</id>
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1974 ke saal mangarar ke roj suruu bhais rahaa.

== Ghatna ==
* [[7 July]] - 10th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Germany]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Germany]], [[Netherlands]] ke 2-1 se harais rahaa.
* [[August]] - [[Fiji]] me soccer ke [[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 1974|37th Inter-district Championship (IDC)]], [[Nadi (town), Fiji|Nadi]] me khela gais raha, jike final me [[Nadi Soccer Association|Nadi]], [[Tailevu/Naitasiri Football Association|Tailevu/Naitasiri]] ke 1-0 se harais.

== Janam ==
* [[10 January]] - Hrithik Roshan, India ke bollywood actor.&lt;ref&gt;[[w:Hrithik Roshan|Hrithik Roshan]]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* [[27 January]] - Chaminda Vaas, Sri Lanka ke cricket player ke janam Mattumagala, Sri Lanka me bhais rahaa.&lt;ref&gt; [[w:Chaminda Vaas|Chaminda Vaas]]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:KarismaKapoor.jpg|right|160px|thumb|Karisma Kapoor]]
* [[25 June]] - '''[[Karisma Kapoor]] ''', [[Hindi]] film actress, ke janam Mumbai, [[India]] me bhais rahaa. &lt;ref&gt;[[w:Karisma Kapoor|Karisma Kapoor]] &lt;/ref&gt;

== Maut ==

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;


{{Template:YEARS}}

[[Category:1974| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1978</title>
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'''1978''' ke saal etwaar ke roj suruu bhais rahaa.

== Ghatna ==
* '''[[Lami Soccer Association]]''', [[Johnny Singh]] ke presidency ke niche, suruu bhais rahaa.
* '''[[Nalawa Soccer Association]]''', [[Ram Vinod]] ke presidency ke niche, suruu bhae rahaa.
* [[Fiji]] me soccer ke '''[[National Football League (Fiji) 1978|2nd National Football League]]''' ke [[Nadi Soccer Association|Nadi]] jiitis rahaa.
* Fiji me football (soccer) ke '''[[Battle of the Giants (Fiji) 1978|Pahila Battle of the Giants]]''' tournament Suva me khela gais rahaa jiske final me Nadi, Ba ke 2-1 se harais.
* [[25 June]] - 11th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Argentina]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Argentina]], [[Netherlands]] ke 3-1 se harais rahaa.
* [[August]] - Fiji me soccer ke '''[[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 1978|41st Inter-district Championship (IDC)]]''', [[Lautoka (city), Fiji|Lautoka]] me khela gais raha, jiske final me [[Ba Football Association|Ba]], [[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]] ke, penalty kick ke baad, 7-6 se harais.

== Janam ==
[[File:RaniMukerji.jpg|right|160px|thumb|Rani Mukerji]]
[[File:Kobe Bryant.jpg|right|160px|thumb|Kobe Bryant]]
* [[21 March]] - '''Rani Mukerji''', [[Hindi]] film actress, ke janam [[Kolkata]], [[India]] me bhais rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;[[w:Rani Mukerji|Rani Mukerji]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[23 August]] - '''[[Kobe Bryant]]''' (maut: [[26 January]] [[2020]]).

== Maut ==
* [[26 May]] - '''[[Tamara Karsavina]]''', [[Russia]] ke ballet nachaniyaa rahii ke maut [[England]] me bhais rahaa.

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{YEARS}}

[[Category:1978| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1982</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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1982 ke saal suk ke roj suruu bhais rahaa.

== Ghatna ==
* [[Fiji]] me soccer ke '''[[National Football League (Fiji) 1982|6th National Football League]]''' ke [[Nadi Soccer Association|Nadi]] jiitis rahaa.
* '''[[Vatukoula Arya Samaj Primary School]]''' ke [[Fiji me Arya Samaj|Arya Samaj]] Matanigata Hills, [[Tavua district, Fiji|Tavua]] me baais rahaa.
* [[11 July]] - 12th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Spain]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Italy]], [[Germany]] ke 3-1 se harais rahaa.
* [[August]] - [[Fiji]] me soccer ke '''[[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 1982|45th Inter-district Championship (IDC)]]''', [[Nadi (town), Fiji|Nadi]] me khela gais raha, jiske final me [[Ba Football Association|Ba]], [[Nadi Soccer Association|Nadi]] ke default se harais..

== Janam ==

* [[14 July]] - '''Katrina Kaif''', [[Hindi]] film actress, ke janam, Hong Kong me bhais rahaa. &lt;ref&gt;[[w:Katrina Kaif|Katrina Kaif]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[18 July]] - '''Priyanka Chopra''', [[Hindi]] film actress, ke janam, Jamshedpur, [[India]] me bhais rahaa. &lt;ref&gt;[[w:Priyanka Chopra|Priyanka Chopra]] &lt;/ref&gt;
* [[17 November]] - '''Yusuf Pathan''', Indian cricket ke khilaarri, ke janam, Baroda, [[Gujarat], [[India]], me bhais rahaa.

== Maut ==
[[file:Henry_Fonda_in_Warlock.jpg||left|80px|thumb|Fonda]]
* [[12 August]] - '''[[Henry Fonda]]''', [[America]]n actor ke janam [[California]] me bhais rahaa.
[[file:Ingrid_Bergman,_Gaslight_1944.jpg|right|80px|thumb|Bergman]]
* [[29 August]] - '''[[Ingrid Bergman]]''', [[Sweden|Swedish]] actress ke maut [[London]], England me bhais rahaa.
[[file:Grace_Kelly30419.jpg|right|80px|thumb|Kelly]]
* [[14 September]] - '''[[Grace Kelly]]''', [[America]]n actress ke maut  [[Monaco]] me bhais rahaa.

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;


{{Template:YEARS}}

[[Category:1982| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1986</title>
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'''1986''' ke saal budh ke roj suruu bhais rahaa.

== Ghatna ==
* [[Fiji]] me soccer ke '''[[National Football League (Fiji) 1986|10th National Football League]]''' ke [[Nadi Soccer Association|Nadi]] jiitis rahaa.
[[File:Mir on 12 June 1998edit1.jpg|right|160px|thumb|Mir Space Station]]
* [[19 February]] - [[Russia]], '''''Mir'' space station''' ke launches karis. &lt;ref&gt; [[w:Mir|Mir]] &lt;/ref&gt;
* [[29 June]] - 13th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Mexico]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Argentina]], [[Germany]] ke 3-2 se harais rahaa.
* [[August]] - [[Fiji]] me soccer ke '''[[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 1986|49th Inter-district Championship (IDC)]]''', [[Nausori (town), Fiji|Nausori]] me khela gais raha, jiske final me [[Ba Football Association|Ba]], [[Nadroga Soccer Association|Nadroga]] ke 1-0 se harais.
* [[31 August]] - '''Fiji ke 11th census''' ke anusaar 715,375 ke population me se 348,704 Hindustani rahin. &lt;ref&gt; Brij V. Lal, ''Broken Waves: A history of the Fiji Islands in the twentieth century'', pp. 336-7, University of Hawaii Press, USA, 1992, ISBN 0-8248-1418-5 &lt;/ref&gt;

== Janam ==

== Maut ==
[[file:James_cagney_promo_photo_(cropped,_centered).jpg|right|80px|thumb|Cagney]]
* [[30 March]] - [[James Cagney]], [[America]]n actor ke maut Sranford, New York  me bhais rahaa.
[[File:Simone_de_Beauvoir2.png|right|80px|thumb|Beauvoir]]
* [[14 April]] - '''[[Simone de Beauvoir]]''', [[France]] ke lekhak aur philosopher ke maut [[Paris]] me bhais rahaa.
[[file:Grant,_Cary_(Suspicion)_01_Crisco_edit.jpg|left|80px|thumb|Grant]]
* [[29 November]] - '''[[Cary Grant]]''', [[Great Britain|British]] aur [[America]]n actor rahaa jiske maur Davenport, [[Iowa]] me bhais rahaa.

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;


{{Template:YEARS}}

[[Category:1986| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1990</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>241</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-21T11:20:00Z</timestamp>
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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MCMXC) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon [[:wikt:sombaar|sombaar]] ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[2nd millennium]] ke 99oth aur [[20th century]] 90th saal rahaa,  aur  [[1990s]] dassak ke 1st saal  rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2046-2047, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1911-1912, Kali Yuga ke 5090-5091, Buddhist calendar ke 2534 Islamic calendar ke 1410-1411, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 522 saal rahaa. 

== Ghatna ==
* [[Fiji]] me soccer ke [[National Football League (Fiji) 1990|14th National Football League]] ke [[Lautoka Football Association|Lautoka]] jiitis rahaa.
[[file:Nelson Mandela.jpg|right|160px|thumb|Nelson Mandela]]
* [[11 February]] - '''Nelson Mandela''', ke 27 saal ke baad South Africa je jail se chhorra gais.&lt;ref&gt;[[w:Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[8 July]] - 13th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Italy]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Germany]], [[Argentina]] ke 1-0 se harais rahaa.
* [[5 October]], [[6 October]] aur [[13 October]] - Fiji me soccer ke  [[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 1990|52nd Inter-district Championship (IDC)]], [[Suva (city), Fiji|Suva]] aur [[Nausori (town), Fiji|Nausori]] me khela gais raha jiske final me [[Nasinu Football Association|Nasinu]], [[Suva Soccer Association|Suva]] ke 1-0 se harais.

== Janam ==
[[File:Emma Watson.jpg|thumb|160px|Emma Watson]]
[[File:Amarna Miller.jpg|thumb|160px|Amarna Miller]]
* '''Tiger Shroff''', India ke [[Hindi]] film ke actor, ke janam Mumbai, [[India]] me bhais rahaa. &lt;ref&gt;[[w:Tiger Shroff|Tiger Shroff]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[15 April]] - '''[[Emma Watson]]'''.
* [[29 October]] - '''[[Amarna Miller]]'''.

== Maut ==
* [[19 January]] - Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, India ke ek Guru, ke maut Pune, India me bhais rahaa. (janam: [[11 December]] [[1931]])&lt;ref&gt;[[w:Osho|Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh]]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[file:BarbaraS39.jpg|right|80px|thumb|Stanwyck]]
* [[20 January]] - '''[[Barbara Stanwyck]]''', [[America]]n actress aur dancer ke maut [[California]] me bhais rahaa.
[[file:Garbo_in_Inspiration.jpg|right|80px|thumb|Garbo]]
* [[15 April]] - '''[[Greta Garbo]]''', [[Sweden|Swedesh]] actress ke maut [[New York City], [[USA]] me bhais rahaa.

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Vibhag:1]]

[[vibhag:1990| ]]</text>
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    <title>1994</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <origin>336777</origin>
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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MCMXCIV) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon [[:wikt:sanichar|sanichar]] ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[2nd millennium]] ke 994th aur [[20th century]] 94th saal rahaa,  aur  [[1990s]] dassak ke 5th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2050-2051, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1915-1916, Kali Yuga ke 5094-5095, Buddhist calendar ke 2537 Islamic calendar ke 1414-1415, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 526 saal rahaa. 

== Ghatna ==
* [[Fiji]] me soccer ke '''[[National Football League (Fiji) 1994|18th National Football League]]''' ke [[Ba Football Association|Ba]] jiitis rahaa.
* [[Fiji]] me football (soccer) ke '''[[Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament 1994|4th Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament]] ''' Nausori ke [[Ratu Cakobau Park]] me me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Tavua Soccer Association|Tavua]], [[Suva Soccer Association|Suva]] ke 1-0 se harais.
* [[17 July]] - 14th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[United States]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Brazil]], [[Italy]] ke 3-2 se harais rahaa.
* [[October]] - [[Fiji]] me soccer ke '''[[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 1994|56th Inter-district Championship (IDC)]]''', [[Suva (city), Fiji|Suva]] me khela gais raha, jiske final me [[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]], [[Suva Soccer Association|Suva]] ke 1-0 se harais.

== Janam ==
[[File:Justin Bieber.jpg|thumb|Justin Bieber]]
* [[1 March]] - '''[[Justin Bieber]]'''

== Maut ==
* [[29 January]] - '''[[Yevgeny Leonov]]''', [[Russia]]n actor ke maut [[Moscow]] me bhais rahaa.
[[File:Richard Nixon.jpg|thumb|160px|Richard Nixon]]
* [[22 April]] - '''[[Richard Nixon]]''' (janam: [[9 January]] [[1913]]).
* [[3 August]] - '''[[Innokenty Smoktunovsky]]''', [[Russia]]n actor ke maut [[Moscow]] me bhais rahaa.

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;


[[Vibhag:1]]

[[Category:1994| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1998</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>KaiRewa</username>
        <id>33465</id>
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      <comment>/* Ghatna */</comment>
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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MCMXCVIII) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon [[:wikt:bif|bif]] ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[2nd millennium]] ke 998th aur [[20th century]] 98th saal rahaa,  aur  [[1990s]] dassak ke 9th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2055-2056, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1920-1921, Kali Yuga ke 5099-5100, Buddhist calendar ke 2543 Islamic calendar ke 1419-1420, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 531 saal rahaa. 

== Ghatna ==
* [[Fiji]] me soccer ke '''[[National Football League (Fiji) 1998|22nd National Football League]]''' ke [[Nadi Soccer Association|Nadi]], jiitis.
* Fiji me football (soccer) ke '''[[Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament 1998|8th Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament]]''' ke Nausori ke [[Ratu Cakobau Park]] me me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Ba Football Association|Ba]], Nadi ke 3-0 se harais.
* '''[[Nadroga Arya College]]''' ke [[Fiji me Arya Samaj|Arya Samaj]] [[Nadroga-Navosa|Nadroga]] me banais rahaa.
* [[11 May]] - India tiin nuclear bomb ke test jamiin ke niche karis rahaa.
* [[12 July]] - 15th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[France]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[France]], [[Brazil]] ke 3-0 se harais rahaa.
* [[October]] - Fiji me soccer ke '''[[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 1998|60th Inter-district Championship (IDC)]]''', [[Suva (city), Fiji|Suva]] me khela gais raha, jiske final me [[Nadi Soccer Association|Nadi]], [[Lautoka Football Association|Lautoka]] ke 2-1 se harais.

== Janam ==

== Maut ==
[[file:Lalita Pawar (1916—1998).jpg|right|80px|thumb|Pawar]]
* [[24 February]] - '''Lalita Pawar''', [[Hindi]] film actress, ke maut Pune, [[India]] me bhais rahaa. (janam: [[18 April]] [[1916]])&lt;ref&gt;[[w:Lalita Pawar|Lalita Pawar]]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[file:Jerome_Robbins_ca._1968_cropped.jpg|left|80px|thumb|Robbins]]
* [[29 July]] - '''[[Jerome Robbins]]''', [[America]] ke nachaniyaa, choreographer, film director, theatre director aur film producer ke maut [[New York City]] me bhais rahaa.
[[file:Flickr_-_…trialsanderrors_-_Jean_Marais_by_Carl_Van_Vechten,_1949.jpg|right|80px|thumb|Marais]]
* [[8 November]] - '''[[Jean Marais]]''', [[France]] ke actor, ke maut Cannes, France me bhais rahaa.

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Vibhag:1]]

[[vibhag:1998| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>2002</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>KaiRewa</username>
        <id>33465</id>
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      <comment>/* Ghatna */</comment>
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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MMII) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon [[:wikt:mangar|mangar]] ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[3rd millennium]] aur [[21st century]] 2nd saal rahaa,  aur  [[2000s]] dassak ke 3rd saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2058-2059, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1923-1924, Kali Yuga ke 5102-5103, Buddhist calendar ke 2546 Islamic calendar ke 1422-1423, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 534 saal rahaa. 

== Ghatna ==
* [[Fiji]] me soccer ke '''[[National Football League (Fiji) 2002|26th National Football League]]''' ke [[Ba Football Association|Ba]], jiitis.
* [[27 May]] - Fiji me football (soccer) ke '''[[Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament 2002|12th Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament]]''' ke Sigatoka ke [[Lawaqa Park]] me, 24 - 27 May talak, khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Lautoka Football Association|Lautoka]], [[Nasinu Football Association|Nasinu]] ke, penalty kicks ke baad, 3-2 se harais. 
* [[30 June]] - 16th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[South Korea]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Brazil]], [[Germany]] ke 2-0 se harais rahaa.
* [[11 August]] - Fiji me football (soccer) ke '''[[Battle of the Giants (Fiji) 2002|24th Battle of the Giants]]''' tournament Labasa ke [[Subrail Park]] me, 8 August se 11 August talak, khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Nadroga Soccer Association|Nadroga]], [[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]] ke 2-1 se harais.
* [[3 October]] - [[7 October]] - Fiji me soccer ke '''[[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 2002|64th Inter-district Championship (IDC)]]''', [[Ba (town), Fiji|Ba]] me khela gais rahaa, jiske final me [[Nadi Soccer Association|Nadi]], [[Rewa Soccer Association|Rewa]] ke, penalty kick ke baad, 4-2 se harais aur Premier Division me [[Savusavu Soccer Association|Savusavu]], [[Tailevu/Naitasiri Football Association|Tailevi/Naitasiri]] ke 1-0 se harais.

== Janam ==
== Maut ==
[[file:Anand_Bakshi.tif|left|80px|thumb|Bakshi]]
* [[30 March]] - '''[[Anand Bakshi]]''', [[India]] ke geetkaar, ke maut [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]] me bhais rahaa.
[[File:Dhirubhai Ambani 2002 stamp of India.jpg|right|80px|thumb|Ambani]]
* [[6 July]] - [[Dhirubhai Ambani]], [[India]] ke businessman aur [[Reliance Industries]] ke suruu kare waala, ke maut [[Mumbai]], India me bhais rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dhirubhai Ambani {{!}} Biography, Accomplishments, &amp; Facts {{!}} Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dhirubhai-Ambani |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
[[Vibhag:2]]

[[Category:2002| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>2006</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>KaiRewa</username>
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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MMVI) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon [[:wikt:etwaar|etwaar]] ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[3rd millennium]] aur [[21st century]] 6th saal rahaa,  aur  [[2000s]] dassak ke 7th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2062-2063, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1927-1928, Kali Yuga ke 5106-5107, Buddhist calendar ke 2550 Islamic calendar ke 1426-1426, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 538 saal rahaa. 

== Ghatna ==
* Fiji me soccer ke '''[[National Football League (Fiji) 2006|27th National Football League]]''' ke [[Ba Football Association|Ba]] jiitis
* [[29 May]] - Fiji me football (soccer) ke '''[[Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament 2006|16th Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament]]''' ke Suva ke [[National Stadium (Fiji)|National Stadium]] me, 25 May se lae ke 29 May talak, khela gais rahaa jiske final me Ba, [[Labasa Soccer Association|Labasa]] ke 3-0 se harais. 
* [[9 July]] - 17th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Germany]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Italy]], [[France]] ke 5-3 se harais rahaa.
* [[6 August]] - Fiji me football (soccer) ke '''[[Battle of the Giants (Fiji) 2006|28th Battle of the Giants]]''' tournament ke pahila chaar game 29 aur 30 July ke, Labasa, Suva aur Rewa me aur baaki sab game Nadi ke [[Prince Charles Park (Fiji)|Prince Charles Park]] me, 3, 4, 5, 6 August ke khela gais rahaa, jiske final me Ba, [[Suva Soccer Association|Suva]] ke 2-1 se harais.
* [[5 October]] - [[9 October]] - Fiji me football (soccer) ke '''[[Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 2006|68th Inter-district Championship (IDC)]]''', [[Ba (town), Fiji|Ba]] me khela gais rahaa. Ii Inter-District me 22 team, dui division me hissa liin rahaa. Super Premier Division ke final me Ba, Suva ke 2-1 se harais aur Premier Division ke final me [[Rakiraki Football Association|Rakiraki]], [[Tailevu/Naitasiri Football Association|Tailevu Naitasiri]] ke 1-0 se harais.

== Janam ==
== Maut ==
* [[13 January]] - [[Narendra Singh Arjun]], jon ki ek wakiil aur 1992 se 1999 talak parliamentarian rahaa.
* [[9 February]] - '''Nadira''', India ke Hindi film ke actress, ke maut Bombay me bhaus rahaa.(janam: [[5 December]] [[1932]]) &lt;ref&gt;[[w:Nadira (actress)|Nadira (actress)]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[13 January]] - '''[[Narendra Singh Arjun]]''', Fiji ke wakiil aur politician, ke maut Brisbane, Australia me bhais rahaa. (janam: [[1935]])
* [[22 February]] - '''S. Rajaratnam''', jon ki Singapore ke Deputy Prime Minister 1980 - 1985 aur Minister aur cabinet minister 1959 - 1988 talak rahaa, ke maut bhais rahaa. (janam: [[25 February]] [[1915]])&lt;ref&gt;[[w:S. Rajaratnam|S. Rajaratnam]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[25 August]] - '''Noor Hassanali''', jon ki 1987 se 1997 talak Trinidad and Tobago ke duusra President rahaa aur jon ki pahila Hindustani ii position pe rahaa aur Americas ke pahila Muslim Pesident rahaa, ke maut Trinidad and Tobago me bhais rahaa. (janam: [[13 August]] [[1918]]) &lt;ref&gt;[[w:Noor Hassanali|Noor Hassanali]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[25 September]] - '''Sir Vijay Raghubar Singh''', KBE, jon ki [[Fiji]] ke Hindustani log ke neta rahaa, ke maut, Brisbane, Australia me bhais rahaa. (janam:[[13 July]] [[1931]])

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;


[[Vibhag:2]]
[[Category:2006| ]]</text>
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    <title>Template:Taaja khabar</title>
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      <text bytes="863" sha1="0aobaa6flpxbnlwtr05uhpx1du1d98w" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Spain_national_football_team_crest_2026_champions.png|right|100px|thumb|Spain ke badge]]
*[[20 July]] - [[2026]] ke [[FIFA World Cup]] ke [[Spain]] jiitis, [[Argentina]] ke final me 1-0 se harae ke.
*[[22 June]] - [[United States]] ke Air Force aur Navy, [[Iran]] ke tiin nuclear facilities ke attack karis.
* [[21 April]] - '''[[Pope Francis]]''' ke maut Vatican City me bhais rahaa.
* [[30 March]] - Ek '''7.7 magnitude bhukamp''' ke kaaran [[Myanmar]] aur [[Thailand]] me 2,000 log ke maut hoe gais.
* [[19 February]] - '''[[Toronto]] Airport''' me '''Delta Air Lines''' ke plane, utarte ke samay ulut gais lekin sab passengers bach gain
* [[16 February]] - '''78 British Academy Film Awards''' me, '''''Conclave''''' ke chaar award milaa. 
* [[29 December]] - '''[[Jimmy Carter]]''', [[America]] ke 39th President, ke maut Plains, [[Georgia]] me bhais.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Africa</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-21T17:36:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>Replacing Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Cape_Verde_(10-17).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Government standardized ratio is 2:3. For fu</comment>
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      <text bytes="48170" sha1="1ia0x12r116cpnr6ndylrlhgsgacgmw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Continent
|title = Africa
|image = [[file:Africa (orthographic projection).svg|200px]] Africa
|area = 30,221,532 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (11,668,599 sq mi)
|population = 1,022,234,000&lt;ref name=&quot;esa.un.org&quot;&gt;[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/population.htm/ &quot;World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision&quot;] [[United Nations]] (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, population division)&lt;/ref&gt; (2010, [[List of continents by population|2nd]])
|density = 30.51/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (about 80/sq mi)
|demonym = [[African]]
|countries = 56
|list_countries = List of African countries and territories
|dependencies =
 {{Collapsible list
 | title = {{voidd}}
 | frame_style = border: none; padding: 0;
 | list_style = display: none;
 | 1 = [[Mayotte]] | 2 = [[Réunion]] | 3 = [[Canary Islands]] | 4 = [[Ceuta]] | 5 = [[Madeira Islands]]
 | 6 = [[Melilla]] | 7 = [[Saint Helena]]
 }}
|languages = [[Languages of Africa]]
|time = [[UTC-1]] to [[UTC+4]]
|cities = [[List of metropolitan areas in Africa]]&lt;br /&gt;[[List of cities in Africa]]
}}

[[file:LocationAfrica.png|thumb|[[Dunia]] ke map Africa ke dekhae hae.]]
'''Africa''', [[dunia]] ke duusra sab se barraa [[continent]] aur isme dunia ke jamin ke 20% se jaada area hae. Ii continent me 61 des hae, aur dunia ke 14% abaadi hian pe rahe hae. Ii socha jaae hae ki insaan ke suruwaat pahile ii continent me bhais rahaa.

Ii continent
* ke north me, [[Mediterranean Sea]] ke baad [[Europe]] hae;
* ke east me [[Suez Canal]] aur [[Red Sea]] ke baad me [[Asia]] hae;
* ke east me [[Indian Ocean]] ke baad me [[Australia]] hae; aur
* ke west me [[Atlantic Ocean]] ke baad me [[the Americas]] hae.

== Jagah ==
Africa ke jaada kar ke log garib hae aur gaon me rahe hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Keiser |first=Jennifer |last2=Utzinger |first2=Jürg |last3=Castro |first3=Marcia Caldas De |last4=Smith |first4=Thomas A. |last5=Tanner |first5=Marcel |last6=Singer |first6=Burton H. |date=2004-08 |title=Table 1, African population in urban and rural areas and percentage urban (2001)* |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK3775/table/A1389/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== North Africa (Saharan Africa) ===
[[file:Africa FebAug.gif|thumb|Ii chapa dekhae hae ki [[February]] aur [[August]] me khaan pe perr rahe hae (Summer se pahile aur baad me)]]
North Africa ke jaada hissa jhuura aur garam hae, aur lagbhag sab desert hae. Saharan Africa me khaali kuchh [[naddi]] hae. Desert me jamiin ke niche se sooti se bhi paani mile hae. Ii dher dafe oasis ban jaae hae, jahaan pe perr bhi hoe hae. North Africa ke jon des Sahara desert me nai hae, me bhi garam aur jhuura hawa chale hae.

[[file:Libyen-oase1.jpg|thumb|left|[[Libya]] me ii oasis ke right round dher paudha jamaa hae.]]

Ek dam north me, mausam, Europe ke [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] des ke rakam thora thanda hae.

=== Sub-Saharan Africa ===
Ii jagha Afica ke uu hissa hae jon ki Sahara Desert ke south me hae lekin jiske [[South Africa]] nai hae. Hian ke log karia rahe hae aur Arab descent ke nai hae. Ii jagha me pahaarr, grasslands aur jungle hae.

[[file:800px-tropical wet forests.png|thumb|Green jamin jon ki jungle dekhae hae.]]

== Janwar ==
Africa me dher rakam ke janwar hae, jisme [[cheetah], [[haanthi]], [[sher]], [[saamp]], giraffe, aur dher rakam ke machchhri hae.

== Africa ke des ==

{| border = 1px class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! Name (''official name'')  !!class=unsortable| Jhanda !! Capital !! Currency !! Official bhasa !! Area (km²) !! Population !! GDP per capita (PPP) !! Chapa
|-
| [[Algeria]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ag.html |title=The World Factbook: Algeria |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2012-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930183539/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ag.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''People's Democratic Republic of Algeria'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Algeria.svg|100px]] || [[Algiers]] || [[Algerian dinar]] || [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || 2,381,740 || 33,333,216 || $7,700 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationAlgeria.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Angola]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html |title=The World Factbook: Angola |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531153104/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Angola'') ||  align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Angola.svg|100px]]||  [[Luanda]] || [[Kwanza]] || [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || 1,246,700 || 15,941,000 || $2,813 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationAngola.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Benin]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bn.html |title=The World Factbook: Benin |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2007-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612212700/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bn.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Benin'') ||  align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Benin.svg|100px]]||  [[Porto Novo]] || [[West African CFA franc]] || [[French language|French]] || 112,622 || 8,439,000 || $1,176 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;24&lt;/span&gt;[[file:Benin in its region.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Botswana]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bc.html |title=The World Factbook: Botswana |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2015-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015203531/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bc.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Botswana'') ||  align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Botswana.svg|100px]]||  [[Gaborone]] || [[Pula]] || [[English language|English]], [[Tswana language|Setswana]] || 581,726 || 1,639,833 || $11,400 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;46&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationBotswana.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Burkina Faso]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uv.html |title=The World Factbook: Burkina Faso |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2019-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906203318/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uv.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ||  align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|100px]]|| [[Ouagadougou]] || [[West African CFA franc]] || [[French language|French]] || 274,000 || 13,228,000 || $1,284 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationBurkinaFaso.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Burundi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html |title=The World Factbook: Burundi |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2018-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128152115/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Burundi'') ||  align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Burundi.svg|100px]]||  [[Bujumbura]] || [[Burundi franc]] || [[Kirundi language|Kirundi]], [[French language|French]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]] || 27,830 || 7,548,000 || $739 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;38&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationBurundi.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Cameroon]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cm.html |title=The World Factbook: Cameroon |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515103416/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cm.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Cameroon'') ||  align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Cameroon.svg|100px]]||  [[Yaoundé]] || [[Central African CFA franc]] || [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]] || 475,442 || 17,795,000 || $2,421 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;26&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationCameroon.svg|150px]]
|- style=&quot;background-color: lightcyan;&quot;
| [[Canary Islands]] ([[Spain]])&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA-spain&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html |title=The World Factbook: Spain |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-05-16 |date=[[2008-05-16]] |archive-date=2009-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513080105/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot; name=&quot;ACS&quot;&gt;Autonomous community of [[Spain]]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of the Canary Islands.svg|100px]] ||  [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] and [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] || [[Euro]] || [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || 7,447 || 1,995,833 || N/A || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;[[file:Localización de Canarias.png|150px]]
|-
| [[Cape Verde]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cv.html |title=The World Factbook: Cape Verde |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2014-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115025822/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cv.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Cape Verde'') ||  align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|100px]] || [[Praia]] || [[Cape Verdean escudo]] || [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || 4,033 || 420,979 || $6,418 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;14a&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationCapeVerde.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Central African Republic]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ct.html |title=The World Factbook: Central African Republic |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ct.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Central African Republic'') ||  align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|100px]] || [[Bangui]] || [[Central African CFA franc]] || [[Sango]], [[French language|French]] || 622,984 || 4,216,666 || $1,198 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;27&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationCentralAfricanRepublic.svg|150px]]
|- style=&quot;background-color: lightcyan;&quot;
| [[Ceuta]] ([[Spain]])&lt;ref name=&quot;CIA-spain&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot; name=&quot;ACS&quot;/&gt; || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 ||| Ceuta || [[Euro]] || [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || 28 || 76,861 || N/A || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;2a&lt;/span&gt;[[file:Localización Ceuta.png|150px]]
|-
| [[Chad]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html |title=The World Factbook: Chad |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424073327/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Chad'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Chad.svg|100px]]|| [[N'Djamena]] || [[Central African CFA franc]] || [[French language|French]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || 1,284,000 || 10,146,000 || $1,519 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationChad.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Comoros]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cn.html |title=The World Factbook: Comoros |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2018-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223041336/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cn.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Union of the Comoros'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of the Comoros.svg|100px]]|| [[Moroni]] || [[Comorian franc]] || [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[French language|French]] || 2,235 || 798,000 || $1,660 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;43a&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationComoros.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Côte d'Ivoire]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iv.html |title=The World Factbook: Cote d'Ivoire |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2007-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612204112/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iv.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Côte d'Ivoire'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg|100px]]|| [[Yamoussoukro]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Abidjan]] || [[West African CFA franc]] || [[French language|French]] || 322,460 || 17,654,843 || $1,600 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationCotedIvoire.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |title=The World Factbook: Congo, Democratic Republic of the |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2021-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102221917/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Also known as ''Congo-Kinshasa'' and formerly as ''Zaire''.&lt;/ref&gt; (''Democratic Republic of the Congo'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|100px]]|| [[Kinshasa]] || [[Congolese franc]] || [[French language|French]] || 2,344,858 || 63,655,000 || $774 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;34&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationDRCongo.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Djibouti]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |title=The World Factbook: Djibouti |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2014-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702024855/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Djibouti'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Djibouti.svg|100px]]|| [[Djibouti (city)|Djibouti]] || [[Djiboutian Franc]] || [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[French language|French]] || 23,200 || 496,374 || $2,070 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationDjibouti.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Egypt]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html |title=The World Factbook: Egypt |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211210/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot; name=&quot;TAA&quot;&gt;Some territory could be argued to be a part of [[List of Asian countries|Asia]] or Africa.&lt;/ref&gt; (''Arab Republic of Egypt'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Egypt.svg|100px]]||  [[Cairo]] || [[Egyptian Pound]] || [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || 1,001,449 || 80,335,036 || $4,836 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationEgypt.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Equatorial Guinea]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ek.html |title=The World Factbook: Equatorial Guinea |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831000148/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ek.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Equatorial Guinea'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|100px]] || [[Malabo]] || [[Central African CFA franc]] || [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[French language|French]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || 28,051 || 504,000 || $50,200 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;31&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationEquatorialGuinea.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Eritrea]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/er.html |title=The World Factbook: Eritrea |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515225510/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/er.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''State of Eritrea'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Eritrea.svg|100px]] || [[Asmara]] || [[Nakfa]] || None at national level || 117,600 || 4,401,000 || $1,000 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationEritrea.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Ethiopia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html |title=The World Factbook: Ethiopia |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215191857/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|100px]] || [[Addis Ababa]] || [[Birr]] || [[Amharic language|Amharic]] || 1,104,300 || 75,067,000 || $823 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationEthiopia.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Gabon]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gb.html |title=The World Factbook: Gabon |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2008-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210040038/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gb.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Gabonese Republic'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Gabon.svg|100px]] || [[Libreville]] || [[Central African CFA franc]] || [[French language|French]] || 267,668  || 1,384,000 || $7,055 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationGabon.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Gambia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ga.html |title=The World Factbook: Gambia, The |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424094354/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ga.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of The Gambia'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of The Gambia.svg|100px]] || [[Banjul]] || [[Dalasi]] || [[English language|English]] || 10,380 || 1,517,000 || $2002 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationGambia.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Ghana]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gh.html |title=The World Factbook: Ghana |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831021012/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gh.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Ghana'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Ghana.svg|100px]] || [[Accra]] || [[Ghanaian cedi]] || [[English language|English]] || 238,534 || 23,000,000 || $2,700 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;22&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationGhana.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Guinea]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gv.html |title=The World Factbook: Guinea |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2015-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919074825/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook//geos/gv.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Guinea'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Guinea.svg|100px]] || [[Conakry]] || [[Guinean franc]] || [[French language|French]] || 245,857 || 9,402,000 || $2,035 ||&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;17&lt;/span&gt; [[file:LocationGuinea.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Guinea-Bissau]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pu.html |title=The World Factbook: Guinea-Bissau |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2010-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228200903/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pu.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Guinea-Bissau'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg|100px]] || [[Bissau]] || [[West African CFA franc]] || [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || 36,125 || 1,586,000 || $736 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationGuineaBissau.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Kenya]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html |title=The World Factbook: Kenya |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831033452/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Kenya'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Kenya.svg|100px]] || [[Nairobi]] || [[Kenyan shilling]] || [[Swahili language|Swahili]], [[English language|English]] || 580,367 || 34,707,817 || $1,445 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;36&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationKenya.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Lesotho]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lt.html |title=The World Factbook: Lesotho |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2007-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612204352/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lt.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Kingdom of Lesotho'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Lesotho.svg|100px]] || [[Maseru]] || [[Loti]] || [[Sesotho language|Southern Sotho]], [[English language|English]] || 30,355 || 1,795,000 || $2,113 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;49&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationLesotho.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Liberia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/li.html |title=The World Factbook: Liberia |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831034011/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/li.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Liberia'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Liberia.svg|100px]] || [[Monrovia]] || [[Liberian dollar]] || [[English language|English]] || 111,369 || 3,283,000 || $1,003 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationLiberia.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Libya]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ly.html |title=The World Factbook: Libya |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2016-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224023634/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ly.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Libya.svg|100px]] || [[Tripoli]] || [[Libyan dinar]] || [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || 1,759,540 || 6,036,914 || $12,700 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationLibya.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Madagascar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ma.html |title=The World Factbook: Madagascar |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2011-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817024007/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ma.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Madagascar'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Madagascar.svg|100px]] || [[Antananarivo]] || [[Malagasy ariary]]  || [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]], [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]] || 587,041 || 18,606,000 || $905 ||&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;44&lt;/span&gt; [[file:LocationMadagascar.svg|150px]]
|- style=&quot;background-color: lightcyan;&quot;
| [[Madeira]] ([[Portugal]])&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot; name=&quot;ARP&quot;&gt;Autonomous Region of [[Portugal]].&lt;/ref&gt; || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Madeira.svg|100px]] || [[Funchal]] || [[Euro]] || [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || 828 || 245,806 || N/A || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationMadeira.png|150px]]
|-
| [[Malawi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;The World Factbook: Mali&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html |title=The World Factbook: Mali |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2015-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110042640/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Malawi'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Malawi.svg|100px]] || [[Lilongwe]] || [[Malawian kwacha]] || [[English language|English]], [[Chichewa language|Chichewa]] || 118,484 || 12,884,000 || $596 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;42&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationMalawi.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Mali]]&lt;ref name=&quot;The World Factbook: Mali&quot;/&gt; (''Republic of Mali'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Mali.svg|100px]] || [[Bamako]] || [[West African CFA franc]] || [[French language|French]] || 1,240,192 || 13,518,000 || $1,154 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt; [[file:LocationMali.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Mauritania]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mr.html |title=The World Factbook: Mauritania |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211108/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mr.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Islamic Republic of Mauritania'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:1959-2017 Flag of Mauritania.svg|100px]] || [[Nouakchott]] || [[Mauritanian ouguiya]] || [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || 1,030,700 || 3,069,000 || $2,402 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationMauritania.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Mauritius]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mp.html |title=The World Factbook: Mauritius |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2018-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211154438/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mp.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Mauritius'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Mauritius.svg|100px]] || [[Port Louis]] || [[Mauritian rupee]] || [[English language|English]] || 2,040 || 1,219,220 || $13,703 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;44a&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationMauritius.png|150px]]
|- style=&quot;background-color: lightcyan;&quot;
| [[Mayotte]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mf.html |title=The World Factbook: Mayotte |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2012-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921084632/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mf.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[France]])&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot; name=&quot;ODTF&quot;&gt;[[Overseas departments and territories of France]].&lt;/ref&gt; || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Mayotte (local).svg|100px]] || [[Mamoudzou]] || [[Euro]] || [[French language|French]] || 374 || 186,452 || 2,600 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;43b&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationMayotte.png|150px]]
|-
|- style=&quot;background-color: lightcyan;&quot;
| [[Melilla]] ([[Spain]])&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot; name=&quot;ACS&quot;/&gt;(Autonomous City of Melilla) || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Melilla.svg|100px]] || N/A || [[Euro]] || [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || 20 || 72,000 || N/A || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;2b&lt;/span&gt;[[file:Localización Melilla.png|150px]]
|-
| [[Morocco]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html |title=The World Factbook: Morocco |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2007-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210041/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Kingdom of Morocco'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Morocco.svg|100px]] || [[Rabat]] || [[Moroccan dirham]] || [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || 446,550 || 33,757,175 || $4,600 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationMorocco.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Mozambique]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mz.html |title=The World Factbook: Mozambique |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831040349/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mz.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Mozambique'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Mozambique.svg|100px]] || [[Maputo]] || [[Mozambican metical]] || [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || 801,590 || 20,366,795 || $1,389 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;43&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationMozambique.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Namibia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wa.html |title=The World Factbook: Namibia |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423100756/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wa.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Namibia'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Namibia.svg|100px]] || [[Windhoek]] || [[Namibian dollar]] || [[English language|English]] || 825,418  || 2,031,000 || $7,478 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;45&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationNamibia.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Niger]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ng.html |title=The World Factbook: Niger |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424124158/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ng.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ('' Republic of Niger'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Niger.svg|100px]] || [[Niamey]] || [[West African CFA franc]] || [[French language|French]], [[Hausa language|Hausa]] || 1,267,000 || 13,957,000 || $872 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationNiger.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html |title=The World Factbook: Nigeria |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2019-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329081848/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Federal Republic of Nigeria'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Nigeria.svg|100px]] || [[Abuja]] || [[Nigerian naira]] || [[English language|English]] || 923,768  || 133,530,000 || $1,188 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationNigeria.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Republic of the Congo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cf.html |title=The World Factbook: Congo, Republic of the |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831033756/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cf.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Also known as ''Congo-Brazzaville''.&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of the Congo'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|100px]] || [[Brazzaville]] || [[Central African CFA franc]] || [[French language|French]] || 342,000 || 3,999,000 || $1,369 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;33&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationRCongo.PNG|150px]]
|- style=&quot;background-color: lightcyan;&quot;
| [[Réunion]] ([[France]])&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot; name=&quot;ODTF&quot;/&gt; || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of France.svg|100px]] || [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]] || [[Euro]] || [[French language|French]] || 2,512 || 793,000 || N/A ||&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;44b&lt;/span&gt; [[file:LocationReunion.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Rwanda]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rw.html |title=The World Factbook: Rwanda |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624185236/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rw.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Rwanda'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Rwanda.svg|100px]] || [[Kigali]] || [[Rwandan franc]] || [[Kinyarwanda language|Kinyarwanda]], [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]] || 26,798 || 7,600,000 || $1,300 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;37&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationRwanda.svg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Saint Helena]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sh.html |title=The World Factbook: Saint Helena |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2010-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228232819/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sh.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Saint Helena.svg|100px]] || [[Jamestown, Saint Helena|Jamestown]] || [[Saint Helenian pound]]  || [[English language|English]] ||  3,926 || 4,250 || N/A || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;40b&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationSaintHelena.png|150px]]
|-
| [[São Tomé and Príncipe]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tp.html |title=The World Factbook: Sao Tome and Principe |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2017-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114063615/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tp.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg|100px]] || [[São Tomé]] || [[São Tomé and Príncipe Dobra]] || [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || 964 || 157,000 || $1,266 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;31a&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationSaoTomeAndPrincipe.png|150px]]
|-
| [[Senegal]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sg.html |title=The World Factbook: Senegal |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831041253/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sg.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Senegal'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Senegal.svg|100px]]|| [[Dakar]] || [[West African CFA franc]] || [[French language|French]] || 196,723  || 11,658,000 || $1,759 ||&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;14&lt;/span&gt; [[file:LocationSenegal.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Seychelles]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/se.html |title=The World Factbook: Seychelles |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226054919/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/se.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Seychelles'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of the Seychelles.svg|100px]] || [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]] || [[Seychellois rupee]] || [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Seychellois Creole]] || 451 || 80,654 || $11,818 ||&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;39a&lt;/span&gt; [[file:LocationSeychelles.png|150px]]
|-
| [[Sierra Leone]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sl.html |title=The World Factbook: Sierra Leone |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2007-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210222/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sl.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Sierra Leone'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|100px]] || [[Freetown]] || [[Leone]] || [[English language|English]] || 71,740 || 6,144,562 || $903 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationSierraLeone.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Somalia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |title=The World Factbook: Somalia |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2016-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Somali Republic'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Somalia.svg|100px]] || [[Mogadishu]] || [[Somali shilling]] || [[Somali language|Somali]] || 637,661 || 17,700,000 || $2,941 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationSomalia.svg|150px]]
|- 
| [[South Africa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html |title=The World Factbook: South Africa |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621164208/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of South Africa'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of South Africa.svg|100px]] || [[Pretoria]] (executive) &lt;br /&gt; [[Bloemfontein]] (judicial)&lt;br /&gt; [[Cape Town]] (legislative)&lt;br /&gt; || [[South African rand]] ||[[Afrikaans]], [[English language|English]], [[Southern Ndebele language|Southern Ndebele]], [[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho]], [[Sotho language|Sotho]], [[Swati language|Swati]], [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]], [[Tswana language|Tswana]], [[Venda language|Venda]], [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], [[Zulu language|Zulu]] || 1,221,037 || 47,432,000 || $12,161 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;48&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationSouthAfrica.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Sudan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |title=The World Factbook: Sudan |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2019-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154022/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Sudan'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Sudan.svg|100px]] || [[Khartoum]] || [[Sudanese pound]] || [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[English language|English]] || 2,505,813 || 36,992,490 || $2,522 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationSudan.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Swaziland]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wz.html |title=The World Factbook: Swaziland |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215124505/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wz.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Kingdom of Swaziland'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Swaziland.svg|100px]] || [[Lobamba]] (royal and legislative) &lt;br /&gt; [[Mbabane]] (administrative) || [[Lilangeni]] || [[English language|English]], [[Swati language|Swati]] || 17,364  || 1,032,000 || $5,245 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationSwaziland.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Tanzania]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tz.html |title=The World Factbook: Tanzania |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127225447/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tz.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''United Republic of Tanzania'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Tanzania.svg|100px]] || [[Dar es Salaam]] (traditional capital)&lt;br /&gt;[[Dodoma]] (legislative) || [[Tanzanian shilling]] || [[Swahili language|Swahili]], [[English language|English]] || 945,087 || 37,849,133 || $723 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;39&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationTanzania.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Togo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/to.html |title=The World Factbook: Togo |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2007-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210013/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/to.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Togolese Republic'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|100px]] || [[Lomé]] || [[West African CFA franc]] || [[French language|French]] || 56,785 || 6,100,000 || $1,700 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationTogo.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Tunisia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html |title=The World Factbook: Tunisia |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2012-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014010055/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Tunisian Republic'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Tunisia.svg|100px]] || [[Tunis]] || [[Tunisian dinar]] || [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || 163,610 || 10,102,000 || $8,800 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationTunisia.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Uganda]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ug.html |title=The World Factbook: Uganda |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2015-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018002856/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ug.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ('' Republic of Uganda'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Uganda.svg|100px]] || [[Kampala]] || [[Ugandan shilling]] || [[English language|English]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]] || 236,040 || 27,616,000 || $1,700 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;35&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationUganda.svg|150px]]
|- style=&quot;background-color: lightcyan;&quot;
| [[Western Sahara]] (''Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic'')&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Not fully internationally recognised. Also known as ''Western Sahara''.&lt;/ref&gt; || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Western Sahara.svg|100px]] || [[El Aaiún]] (Moroccan), [[Bir Lehlou]] (temporary)&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Currenlty under Moroccan administration. [[Bir Lehlou]] is the temporary capital and Tindouf Camps is the ''de facto'' one&lt;/ref&gt; || [[Moroccan dirham]] || N/A.&lt;ref group=&quot;n&quot;&gt;[[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] recognised regional languages.&lt;/ref&gt; || 267,405 || 266,000 || N/A || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;[[file:Edmund WS.PNG|150px]]
|-
| [[Zambia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/za.html |title=The World Factbook: Zambia |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424094929/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/za.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Zambia'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Zambia.svg|100px]] || [[Lusaka]] || [[Zambian kwacha]] || [[English language|English]] || 752,614 || 11,668,000 || $931 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;41&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationZambia.svg|150px]]
|-
| [[Zimbabwe]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html |title=The World Factbook: Zimbabwe |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Directorate of Intelligence |accessdate=2008-06-12 |date=2008-05-15 |archive-date=2020-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416053740/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Republic of Zimbabwe'') || align=center bgcolor=#C8C8C8 |[[file:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|100px]] || [[Harare]] || [[Zimbabwean dollar]] || [[Shona language|Shona]], [[Ndebele language|Ndebele]], [[English language|English]] || 390,757 || 13,010,000 || $2,607 || &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;47&lt;/span&gt;[[file:LocationZimbabwe.svg|150px]]
|}

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
== Duusra websites ==
* [http://www.africannews.eu/ News from Africa (Herald Tribune)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528193451/http://www.africannews.eu/ |date=2008-05-28 }}
* [https://azdekorasyon.com/kum-beji-rengi-ev-dekorasyon-fikirleri/ Kum Beji Rengi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801095233/https://azdekorasyon.com/kum-beji-rengi-ev-dekorasyon-fikirleri/ |date=2022-08-01 }}

{{Continents}}

[[vibhag:Africa|*]]
[[vibhag:Mahaataapu]]</text>
      <sha1>1ia0x12r116cpnr6ndylrlhgsgacgmw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jhanda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2642</id>
    <revision>
      <id>336788</id>
      <parentid>322449</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-21T17:39:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>148</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Cape_Verde_(10-17).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Government standardized ratio is 2:3. For fu</comment>
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      <text bytes="13804" sha1="n3x2zdj7aovw3gtgu1ae57m4iw8b35d" xml:space="preserve">[[File:dannebrog.jpg|thumb|250px|Sab se purana jhanda 13th century se abhi talak The oldest [[Denmark]] me kaam me lawa jaae hae.]]
[[File:Union flag 2.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Dunia ke sab se jaada jaana waala jhanda [[United Kingdom]] ke Union Jack hae.]]
[[File:Bandeiras06052007.jpg|thumb|right|Brazil ke jhanda ke ek ceremony me kar mahina badla jaae hae.]]
'''Jhanda''' ek kaprraa ke tukrraa hae jiske jaada kar ke ek lakrri pe urrawa jaae hae aur iske ek group ke identify kare nai to signal kare ke khatir kaam me lawa jaae hae. Jhanda ke sab se pahile larrai ke time kam me lawa gais rahaa aur iske jaada kar ke uu time use karaa jaae hae jab ki aur koi rakam ke signal nai karaa jaae sake hae. Des ke jhanda patriotic symbol rahe hae.
==sovereign state ke jhanda==
==A==
&lt;gallery&gt;
file:Flag of the Taliban.svg|Afghanistan, Islamic Emirate of
file:Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg|Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of
file:Flag of Albania.svg|Albania
file:Flag of Algeria.svg|Algeria
file:Flag of Andorra.svg|Andorra
file:Flag of Angola.svg|Angola
file:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|Antigua and Barbuda
file:Flag of Argentina.svg|Argentina
file:Flag of Armenia.svg|Armenia
file:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|Australia
file:Flag of Austria.svg|Austria
file:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|Azerbaijan
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==B==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg|[[Flag of the Bahamas|Bahamas, The]]
File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|[[Flag of Bahrain|Bahrain]]
File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|[[Flag of Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]
File:Flag of Barbados.svg|[[Flag of Barbados|Barbados]]
File:Flag of Belarus.svg|[[Flag of Belarus|Belarus]]
File:Flag of Belgium.svg|[[Flag of Belgium|Belgium]]
File:Flag of Belize.svg|[[Flag of Belize|Belize]]
File:Flag of Benin.svg|[[Flag of Benin|Benin]]
File:Flag of Bhutan.svg|[[Flag of Bhutan|Bhutan]]
File:Flag of Bolivia (state).svg|[[Flag of Bolivia|Bolivia]]
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|[[Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
File:Flag of Botswana.svg|[[Flag of Botswana|Botswana]]
File:Flag of Brazil.svg|[[Flag of Brazil|Brazil]]
File:Flag of Brunei.svg|[[Flag of Brunei|Brunei]]
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|[[Flag of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|[[Flag of Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]]
File:Flag of Burundi.svg|[[Flag of Burundi|Burundi]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==C==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Cambodia.svg|[[Flag of Cambodia|Cambodia]]
File:Flag of Cameroon.svg|[[Flag of Cameroon|Cameroon]]
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|[[Flag of Canada|Canada]]
File:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|[[Flag of Cape Verde|Cape Verde]]
File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|[[Flag of the Central African Republic|Central African Republic]]
File:Flag of Chad.svg|[[Flag of Chad|Chad]]
File:Flag of Chile.svg|[[Flag of Chile|Chile]]
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|[[Flag of China|China]]
File:Flag of Colombia.svg|[[Flag of Colombia|Colombia]]
File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|[[Flag of the Comoros|Comoros]]
File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|[[Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo, Democratic Republic of the]]
File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|[[Flag of the Republic of the Congo|Congo, Republic of the]]
File:Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg|[[Flag of Costa Rica|Costa Rica]]
File:Flag of Croatia.svg|[[Flag of Croatia|Croatia]]
File:Flag of Cuba.svg|[[Flag of Cuba|Cuba]]
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg|[[Flag of Cyprus|Cyprus]]
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|[[Flag of the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==D==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Denmark.svg|[[Flag of Denmark|Denmark]]
File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|[[Flag of Djibouti|Djibouti]]
File:Flag of Dominica.svg|[[Flag of Dominica|Dominica]]
File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg|[[Flag of the Dominican Republic|Dominican Republic]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==E==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of East Timor.svg|[[Flag of East Timor|East Timor]]
File:Flag of Ecuador.svg|[[Flag of Ecuador|Ecuador]]
File:Flag of Egypt.svg|[[Flag of Egypt|Egypt]]
File:Flag of El Salvador.svg|[[Flag of El Salvador|El Salvador]]
File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|[[Flag of Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinea]]
File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|[[Flag of Eritrea|Eritrea]]
File:Flag of Estonia.svg|[[Flag of Estonia|Estonia]]
File:Flag of Eswatini.svg|[[Flag of Eswatini|Eswatini]]
File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|[[Flag of Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==F==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Fiji.svg|[[Flag of Fiji|Fiji]]
File:Flag of Finland.svg|[[Flag of Finland|Finland]]
File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg|[[Flag of France|France]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==G==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Gabon.svg|[[Flag of Gabon|Gabon]]
File:Flag of The Gambia.svg|[[Flag of the Gambia|Gambia, The]]
File:Flag of Georgia.svg|[[Flag of Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
File:Flag of Germany.svg|[[Flag of Germany|Germany]]
File:Flag of Ghana.svg|[[Flag of Ghana|Ghana]]
File:Flag of Greece.svg|[[Flag of Greece|Greece]]
File:Flag of Grenada.svg|[[Flag of Grenada|Grenada]]
File:Flag of Guatemala.svg|[[Flag of Guatemala|Guatemala]]
File:Flag of Guinea.svg|[[Flag of Guinea|Guinea]]
File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg|[[Flag of Guinea-Bissau|Guinea-Bissau]]
File:Flag of Guyana.svg|[[Flag of Guyana|Guyana]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==H==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Haiti.svg|[[Flag of Haiti|Haiti]]
File:Flag of Hungary.svg|[[Flag of Hungary|Hungary]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==I==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Iceland.svg|[[Flag of Iceland|Iceland]]
File:Flag of India.svg|[[Flag of India|India]]
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|[[Flag of Indonesia|Indonesia]]
File:Flag of Iran.svg|[[Flag of Iran|Iran]]
File:Flag of Iraq.svg|[[Flag of Iraq|Iraq]]
File:Flag of Ireland.svg|[[Flag of Ireland|Ireland]]
File:Flag of Israel.svg|[[Flag of Israel|Israel]]
File:Flag of Italy.svg|[[Flag of Italy|Italy]]
File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg|[[Flag of Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==J==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Jamaica.svg|[[Flag of Jamaica|Jamaica]]
File:Flag of Japan.svg|[[Flag of Japan|Japan]]
File:Flag of Jordan.svg|[[Flag of Jordan|Jordan]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==K==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|[[Flag of Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]]
File:Flag of Kenya.svg|[[Flag of Kenya|Kenya]]
File:Flag of Kiribati.svg|[[Flag of Kiribati|Kiribati]]
File:Flag of North Korea.svg|[[Flag of North Korea|Korea, North]]
File:Flag of South Korea.svg|[[Flag of South Korea|Korea, South]]
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|[[Flag of Kuwait|Kuwait]]
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|[[Flag of Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyzstan]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==L==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Laos.svg|[[Flag of Laos|Laos]]
File:Flag of Latvia.svg|[[Flag of Latvia|Latvia]]
File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|[[Flag of Lebanon|Lebanon]]
File:Flag of Lesotho.svg|[[Flag of Lesotho|Lesotho]]
File:Flag of Liberia.svg|[[Flag of Liberia|Liberia]]
File:Flag of Libya.svg|[[Flag of Libya|Libya]]
File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg|[[Flag of Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]]
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg|[[Flag of Lithuania|Lithuania]]
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|[[Flag of Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]

&lt;/gallery&gt;

==M==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Madagascar.svg|[[Flag of Madagascar|Madagascar]]
File:Flag of Malawi.svg|[[Flag of Malawi|Malawi]]
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|[[Flag of Malaysia|Malaysia]]
File:Flag of Maldives.svg|[[Flag of Maldives|Maldives]]
File:Flag of Mali.svg|[[Flag of Mali|Mali]]
File:Flag of Malta.svg|[[Flag of Malta|Malta]]
File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg|[[Flag of the Marshall Islands|Marshall Islands]]
File:Flag of Mauritania.svg|[[Flag of Mauritania|Mauritania]]
File:Flag of Mauritius.svg|[[Flag of Mauritius|Mauritius]]
File:Flag of Mexico.svg|[[Flag of Mexico|Mexico]]
File:Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg|[[Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia|Micronesia]]
File:Flag of Moldova.svg|[[Flag of Moldova|Moldova]]
File:Flag of Monaco.svg|[[Flag of Monaco|Monaco]]
File:Flag of Mongolia.svg|[[Flag of Mongolia|Mongolia]]
File:Flag of Montenegro.svg|[[Flag of Montenegro|Montenegro]]
File:Flag of Morocco.svg|[[Flag of Morocco|Morocco]]
File:Flag of Mozambique.svg|[[Flag of Mozambique|Mozambique]]
File:Flag of Myanmar.svg|[[Flag of Myanmar|Myanmar]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==N==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Namibia.svg|[[Flag of Namibia|Namibia]]
File:Flag of Nauru.svg|[[Flag of Nauru|Nauru]]
File:Flag of Nepal.svg|[[Flag of Nepal|Nepal]]
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|[[Flag of the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|[[Flag of New Zealand|New Zealand]]
File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg|[[Flag of Nicaragua|Nicaragua]]
File:Flag of Niger.svg|[[Flag of Niger|Niger]]
File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|[[Flag of Nigeria|Nigeria]]
File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg|[[Flag of North Macedonia|North Macedonia]]
File:Flag of Norway.svg|[[Flag of Norway|Norway]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==O==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Oman.svg|[[Flag of Oman|Oman]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==P==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|[[Flag of Pakistan|Pakistan]]
File:Flag of Palau.svg|[[Flag of Palau|Palau]]
File:Flag of Palestine.svg|[[Flag of Palestine|Palestine]]
File:Flag of Panama.svg|[[Flag of Panama|Panama]]
File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg|[[Flag of Papua New Guinea|Papua New Guinea]]
File:Flag of Paraguay.svg|[[Flag of Paraguay|Paraguay]]
File:Flag of Peru.svg|[[Flag of Peru|Peru]]
File:Flag of the Philippines.svg|[[Flag of the Philippines|Philippines]]
File:Flag of Poland.svg|[[Flag of Poland|Poland]]
File:Flag of Portugal.svg|[[Flag of Portugal|Portugal]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Q==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Qatar.svg|[[Flag of Qatar|Qatar]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==R==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Romania.svg|[[Flag of Romania|Romania]]
File:Flag of Russia.svg|[[Flag of Russia|Russia]]
File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|[[Flag of Rwanda|Rwanda]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==S==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg|[[Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg|[[Flag of Saint Lucia|Saint Lucia]]
File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg|[[Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
File:Flag of Samoa.svg|[[Flag of Samoa|Samoa]]
File:Flag of San Marino.svg|[[Flag of San Marino|San Marino]]
File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|[[Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé and Príncipe]]
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|[[Flag of Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabia]]
File:Flag of Senegal.svg|[[Flag of Senegal|Senegal]]
File:Flag of Serbia.svg|[[Flag of Serbia|Serbia]]
File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|[[Flag of Seychelles|Seychelles]]
File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|[[Flag of Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone]]
File:Flag of Singapore.svg|[[Flag of Singapore|Singapore]]
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg|[[Flag of Slovakia|Slovakia]]
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg|[[Flag of Slovenia|Slovenia]]
File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg|[[Flag of Solomon Islands|Solomon Islands]]
File:Flag of Somalia.svg|[[Flag of Somalia|Somalia]]
File:Flag of South Africa.svg|[[Flag of South Africa|South Africa]]
File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|[[Flag of South Sudan|South Sudan]]
File:Bandera_de_España.svg|[[Flag of Spain|Spain]]
File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|[[Flag of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]]
File:Flag of Sudan.svg|[[Flag of Sudan|Sudan]]
File:Flag of Suriname.svg|[[Flag of Suriname|Suriname]]
File:Flag of Sweden.svg|[[Flag of Sweden|Sweden]]
File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|[[Flag of Switzerland|Switzerland]]
File:Flag of Syria.svg|[[Flag of Syria|Syria]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==T==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|[[Flag of Tajikistan|Tajikistan]]
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|[[Flag of Tanzania|Tanzania]]
File:Flag of Thailand.svg|[[Flag of Thailand|Thailand]]
File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|[[Flag of Togo|Togo]]
File:Flag of Tonga.svg|[[Flag of Tonga|Tonga]]
File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg|[[Flag of Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago]]
File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|[[Flag of Tunisia|Tunisia]]
File:Flag of Turkey.svg|[[Flag of Turkey|Turkey]]
File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|[[Flag of Turkmenistan|Turkmenistan]]
File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg|[[Flag of Tuvalu|Tuvalu]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==U==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Uganda.svg|[[Flag of Uganda|Uganda]]
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg|[[Flag of Ukraine|Ukraine]]
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|[[Flag of the United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]]
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|[[Flag of the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
File:Flag of the United States.svg|[[Flag of the United States|United States]]
File:Flag of Uruguay.svg|[[Flag of Uruguay|Uruguay]]
File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|[[Flag of Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==V==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Vanuatu (official).svg|[[Flag of Vanuatu|Vanuatu]]
File:Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg|[[Flag of Vatican City|Vatican City]]
File:Flag of Venezuela.svg|[[Flag of Venezuela|Venezuela]]
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg|[[Flag of Vietnam|Vietnam]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Y==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Yemen.svg|[[Flag of Yemen|Yemen]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Z==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of Zambia.svg|[[Flag of Zambia|Zambia]]
File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|[[Flag of Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Other states==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg|[[Flag of Abkhazia|Abkhazia]]
File:Flag of Artsakh.svg|[[Flag of the Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]]
File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg|[[Flag of the Cook Islands|Cook Islands]]
File:Flag of Kosovo.svg|[[Flag of Kosovo|Kosovo]]
File:Flag of Niue.svg|[[Flag of Niue|Niue]]
File:Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg|[[Flag of Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]
File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|[[Flag of Western Sahara#Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]
File:Flag of Somaliland.svg|[[Flag of Somaliland|Somaliland]]
File:Flag of South Ossetia.svg|[[Flag of South Ossetia|South Ossetia]]
File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|[[Flag of the Republic of China|Taiwan]]
File:Flag of Transnistria (state).svg|[[Flag of Transnistria|Transnistria]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;
[[vibhag:Chapa]]
[[vibhag:Suchi]]
[[vibhag:Des]]</text>
      <sha1>n3x2zdj7aovw3gtgu1ae57m4iw8b35d</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Cape Verde</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3448</id>
    <revision>
      <id>336789</id>
      <parentid>301684</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-21T17:42:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>148</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Cape_Verde_(10-17).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Government standardized ratio is 2:3. For fu</comment>
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      <text bytes="2624" sha1="5d6n0mxmv8zwdth7gv0wj8xx626ewyq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Country
| fullcountryname = ''República de Cabo Verde''&lt;br /&gt;Republic of Cape Verde
| image_flag = Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg
| image_coa = Coat_of_arms_of_Cape_Verde.svg
| image_location = LocationCapeVerde.svg
| nationalmotto = 
| nationalsong = ''Cântico da Liberdade''
| officiallanguages = [[Portuguese bhasa|Portuguese]]
| otherlanguages =Cape Verdean Creole
| abaaditotal = 503,000&lt;ref name=state&gt;http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2835.htm&lt;/ref&gt; 
| abaadirank = 165th 
| abaadidensity = 126 sq_km (326 sq mi) &lt;br /&gt;rank  = 79th
| countrycapital = Praia
| countrylargestcity = Praia
| areatotal = 4,033 sq km (1,557 sq mi)
| arearank =  172nd
| areawater = 0
| areawaterpercent = 0%
| establishedin = Portugal se independence: [[5 July]] [[1975]]
| leadertitlename = President: &amp;nbsp;Carlos Veiga &lt;br /&gt;Prime Minister: &amp;&amp;nbsp;
| currency = Cape Verdean escudo
| utcoffset = -1
| dialingcode =  238
| internettld = .cv
}}

'''Cape Verde''', [[Africa]] ke ek [[des]] hae. Ii ek [[island]] ke jhund hae. Iske officila bhasa [[Portuguese bhasa|Portuguese]] hae. 

''Verde'', Portuguese bhasa me green hae.

== Mausam ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!Annual Weather Conditions
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Temperature
!Rainfall mm
|-
|January||75&amp;nbsp;°F||24&amp;nbsp;°C ||5.3mm
|-
|February||75&amp;nbsp;°F||24&amp;nbsp;°C||3.8mm
|-
|March||77&amp;nbsp;°F||25&amp;nbsp;°C||1.3mm
|-
|April||77&amp;nbsp;°F||25&amp;nbsp;°C||0.0mm
|-
|May||78&amp;nbsp;°F||25&amp;nbsp;°C||0.0mm
|-
|June||79&amp;nbsp;°F||26&amp;nbsp;°C||0.0mm
|-
|July||81&amp;nbsp;°F||27&amp;nbsp;°C||0.8mm
|-
|August||84&amp;nbsp;°F||29&amp;nbsp;°C||14.1mm
|-
|September||85&amp;nbsp;°F||29&amp;nbsp;°C||33.6mm
|-
|October||83&amp;nbsp;°F||29&amp;nbsp;°C||6.5mm
|-
|November||81&amp;nbsp;°F||27&amp;nbsp;°C||2.5mm
|-
|December||77&amp;nbsp;°F||25&amp;nbsp;°C||1.6mm
|}

== Chapa ke gallery ==

&lt;div align=center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Calhau.jpg|São Vicente Island ke beach
File:Mercado Municipal (S Vicente, Cabo Verde).JPG|S Vicente ke bajaar
File:Gossiping.jpg|Santiago Island ke log
File:Morna group.jpg|Ek group, morna bajae hae
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Duusra websites ==
* [http://www.capeverdebreaks.com Cape Verde info and pictures en]/[http://www.vacacionesencaboverde.es es] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213013235/http://www.vacacionesencaboverde.es/ |date=2009-12-13 }}/[http://www.ferieninkapverde.de de] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002080229/http://www.ferieninkapverde.de/ |date=2009-10-02 }}
* [http://www.capeverdebreaks.com/weather.html Weather]

== References ==

&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Cape Verde| ]]
[[Category:Africa ke island]]
[[Category:Portuguese bhasa waala des]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Elvis Presley</title>
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      <text bytes="3667" sha1="64bd48tlr752brlpg1kct8l3fqboqsw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Musical artist
|Name = Elvis Presley
|Img = Elvis-nixon.jpg
|Img_capt =[[Richard Nixon|President Richard Nixon]] (left) and Elvis Presley (right) December, 1970.
|Img_size = &lt;!-- Only for images narrower than 220 pixels --&gt;
|Landscape =
|Background = solo_singer
|Birth_name = Elvis Aaron Presley
|Alias = Elvis, The King, The King of Rock 'n' Roll, Elvis the Pelvis, The Hillbilly Cat&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.elvispresleymusic.com.au/elvis_presley_1953_1955.html |title = Elvis Presley 1953–1955 : The Hillbilly Cat |accessdate = 2008-08-16 |archive-date = 2013-12-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131206081609/http://www.elvispresleymusic.com.au/elvis_presley_1953_1955.html |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Born = {{birth date|mf=yes|1935|1|8|mf=y}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Tupelo, Mississippi|Tupelo]], [[Mississippi]], USA&lt;small&gt;
|Height = {{Height|feet=6}}
|Origin = [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Tennessee]], USA
|Spouse = [[Priscilla Presley]] (1967–1973)
|Died = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1977|08|16|1935|01|08}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Tennessee]], USA&lt;/small&gt;
|Voice_type = [[Baritone]]
|Occupation = Singer, actor
|Instrument = [[Singer|Vocals]], [[guitar]], [[piano]]
|Years_active = 1953–1977
|Label = [[Sun Records|Sun]], [[RCA Records|RCA Victor]]
|URL = [http://www.Elvis.com Elvis.com]
}}'''Elvis Aaron Presley''' ([[8 January]] [[1935]] - [[16 August]] [[1977]]) [[United States|American]] ke rock and roll ke pahila aur sab se jaada jaana maana star rahaa. Uske gaana uske maut ke baad bhi famous rahaa. Uu ek actor bhi rahaa jon ke dher movie me kaam karis hae.

Uske khaali &quot;Elvis&quot; ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa aur  &quot;The King of Rock and Roll&quot;, nai to khaali &quot;The king&quot; bhi bola jaawat rahaa.

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Duusra websites ==
{{commons}}

&lt;!--==========================({{NoMoreLinks}})============================
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* [http://www.elvis.com/ Elvis Presley Enterprises] - Official site of the Elvis Presley brand.
* [http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/elvis_interviews.htm Elvis Resources - Interviews and articles about Elvis Presley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618154914/http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/elvis_interviews.htm |date=2009-06-18 }} By Elvis Australia
* [http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/biography/elvis_presley_graceland.shtml Elvis Presley's Graceland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208084435/http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/biography/elvis_presley_graceland.shtml |date=2008-02-08 }} - A detailed history of Elvis' Graceland, with photos.
* [http://www.elvisdirectory.co.uk/ Elvis Presley Directory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616102304/http://elvisdirectory.co.uk/ |date=2014-06-16 }}
* [http://www.elvis-tcb.com/ Elvis Presley Tributes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025193934/http://www.elvis-tcb.com/ |date=2008-10-25 }}

{{BD|1935|1977|Presley, Elvis}}

[[vibhag:Musicians]]
[[vibhag:Abhineta]]
[[vibhag:United States ke log‎]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>2010</title>
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      <comment>/* Ghatna */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2220" sha1="84pphmok59rlk7jhrpvrqtddi4j1t19" xml:space="preserve">{{Year nav range|{{PAGENAME}}}}
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MMX) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon [[:wikt:suk|suk]] ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[3rd millennium]] aur [[21st century]] 10th saal rahaa,  aur  [[2010s]] dassak ke 1st saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2066-2067, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1931-1932, Kali Yuga ke 5110-5111, Buddhist calendar ke 25554 Islamic calendar ke 1431-1432, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 542 saal rahaa. 


== Ghatna ==
* [[11 July]] - 18th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[South Africa]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Spain]], [[Netherlands]] ke 1-0 se harais rahaa.
[[31 July]] - Fiji ke pahile ke Prime Minister, [[Mahendra Chaudhry]],ke money laundering aur   tax  evation ke charge karaa gais.

== Janam ==

== Maut ==


== Chhutti aur teohaar ==
[[File:Srisita ram laxman hanuman manor.JPG|right|160px|thumb|Ram, Lakshman aur Sita]]
* [[1 January]] - Fiji me '''Nawaa Saal''' ke chhutti rahii&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[1 March]] - Fiji me '''Prophet Mohammed ke birthday''' khatir chhutti rahi. &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/public_holidays.shtml |title=Public Holidays - 2010 |access-date=2009-09-20 |archive-date=2008-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925171530/http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/public_holidays.shtml |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[22 March]] - Fiji me '''Youth Day''' ke chhutti rahi. &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[24 March]] - '''Rama Naumi''', Ram ke janam ke celebrate karaa gais. &lt;ref&gt;[[w:Rama Navami|Rama Navami]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[2 April]] - Fiji me '''Good Friday''' ke chhutti rahi &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt; 
* [[5 April]] - Fiji me '''Easter Monday''' ke chhutti rahi &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt; 
* [[28 May]] - Fiji me '''Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna Day''' ke chhutti rahi. &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt; 
* [[14 June]] - Fiji me '''Queen's Birthday''' ke chhutti rahi. &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt; 
* [[11 October]] - Fiji me '''Fiji Day''' ke chhutti rahi. &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt; 
* [[25 December]] - Fiji me '''Barraa Din''' ke chhutti rahi. &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[26 December]] - Fiji me '''Boxing Day''' ke chhutti rahi. &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

{{Template:YEARS}}

[[Category:2010| ]]</text>
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    <title>American Civil War</title>
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      <text bytes="3449" sha1="jxbytgu11hddrx2fomarxe9ca3ycoly" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Thure de Thulstrup - Battle of Antietam.jpg|thumb|right|300px|American Civil War ke time [[Battle of Antietam]]]]
'''American Civil War''' [[United States]] me 1861 se 1865 talak larraa gais rahaa . Gyrah southern gulaam ke rakkhe waala states ek hoe ke, jiske [[Confederate States of America]] (CSA) bola jaawat rahaa, ajaadi ke khatir United States ke sarkar ke larris rahaa. Uu logan &quot;the Union&quot; se larrin rahaa, jon ki U.S. federal government rahaa jiske aur sab state support karat rahaa. Union States (jiske kabhi kabhi &quot;the North&quot; bola jaawat rahaa) uu sab state rahaa jahan pe slavery legal nai rahaa. 

=== Lincoln ke election ===

[[File:Abraham Lincoln 1860.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|''Abraham Lincoln ke portrait'', jiske 1860 me Mathew Brady banais rahaa|alt=Portrait of the middle-aged Abraham Lincoln the year of 1860 by Mathew Brady]]
Abraham Lincoln 1860 presidential election ke jiit gais rahaa.{{sfn|Potter|Fehrenbacher|1976|p=485}} Southern states ke neta log ke ii dar rahaa ki Lincoln [[gulami]] ke barrhe nai di aur uske kaaram AMerica me gulami khalaas hoe jaai.{{sfn|McPherson|1988|pp=254–255}} Uske jiit ke kaaran America ke Southern ilaaka ke saat state America se alag hoe gain. Ii sab state ke   riverfront, nai to coastal economies  cotton be based rahaa jisme Afica se laawa gais gulaam kaam karat rahin.

Lincoln ke 4 March  1861 me sapat delaawa gais rahaa, uske election ke chaar mahina baad, jisse  South ke larrai ke khaatir taiyaar kare ke time mila rahaa.  &lt;ref name=&quot;NegativesPrints&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1861 Time Line |url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/civil-war-glass-negatives/articles-and-essays/time-line-of-the-civil-war/1861 |access-date=January 22, 2022 |website=Civil War Glass Negatives and Related Prints |publisher=Library of Congress |archive-date=January 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122224447/https://www.loc.gov/collections/civil-war-glass-negatives/articles-and-essays/time-line-of-the-civil-war/1861 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; North ke Nationalist aur South ke  &quot;Unionists&quot;  declarations of secession ke maanataa nai de rahin, aur koi baahar ke des Confederacy ke recognise nai kare rahin. TUS sarkar,  President [[James Buchanan]] ke niche, des ke forts ke chorre se inkaar kar diis rahaa, jon Confederacy daawa karat rahaa ki uulog ke ilaaka me rahaa. 

Lincoln ke anusaar, America ke log ii dekhae rahin,  [[American Revolution]] aur [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] me jiit ke baad aur baad me ek ajaad des ke achchhaa se chalaana , ii dekhis rahaa ki uu log  ek republis ke banae ke chalae sake hae.  Fi bhi, Lincoln ii biswas karat  rahaa ki: Could the nation be maintained as a republic, with its government selected by vote of the people, in the face of internal attempts to destroy it or separate from it?&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jaffa |first=Harry V. |author-link=Harry V. Jaffa |title=A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War |year=2004 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8476-9953-7 |page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duusra websites ==
* [http://www.civil-war.net The Civil War Home Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102180529/http://www.civil-war.net/ |date=2008-01-02 }}
* [http://www.civilwar.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505134058/http://www.civilwar.com/ |date=2021-05-05 }}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:A]]
[[Category:United States ke itihaas]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8865" sha1="2u171jywgblfpbhie0b7t2cnv0tsuoc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Thure de Thulstrup - Battle of Antietam.jpg|thumb|right|300px|American Civil War ke time [[Battle of Antietam]]]]
'''American Civil War''' [[United States]] me 1861 se 1865 talak larraa gais rahaa . Gyrah southern gulaam ke rakkhe waala states ek hoe ke, jiske [[Confederate States of America]] (CSA) bola jaawat rahaa, ajaadi ke khatir United States ke sarkar ke larris rahaa. Uu logan &quot;the Union&quot; se larrin rahaa, jon ki U.S. federal government rahaa jiske aur sab state support karat rahaa. Union States (jiske kabhi kabhi &quot;the North&quot; bola jaawat rahaa) uu sab state rahaa jahan pe slavery legal nai rahaa. 

=== Lincoln ke election ===

[[File:Abraham Lincoln 1860.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|''Abraham Lincoln ke portrait'', jiske 1860 me Mathew Brady banais rahaa|alt=Portrait of the middle-aged Abraham Lincoln the year of 1860 by Mathew Brady]]
Abraham Lincoln 1860 presidential election ke jiit gais rahaa.{{sfn|Potter|Fehrenbacher|1976|p=485}} Southern states ke neta log ke ii dar rahaa ki Lincoln [[gulami]] ke barrhe nai di aur uske kaaram AMerica me gulami khalaas hoe jaai.{{sfn|McPherson|1988|pp=254–255}} Uske jiit ke kaaran America ke Southern ilaaka ke saat state America se alag hoe gain. Ii sab state ke   riverfront, nai to coastal economies  cotton be based rahaa jisme Afica se laawa gais gulaam kaam karat rahin.

Lincoln ke 4 March  1861 me sapat delaawa gais rahaa, uske election ke chaar mahina baad, jisse  South ke larrai ke khaatir taiyaar kare ke time mila rahaa.  &lt;ref name=&quot;NegativesPrints&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1861 Time Line |url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/civil-war-glass-negatives/articles-and-essays/time-line-of-the-civil-war/1861 |access-date=January 22, 2022 |website=Civil War Glass Negatives and Related Prints |publisher=Library of Congress |archive-date=January 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122224447/https://www.loc.gov/collections/civil-war-glass-negatives/articles-and-essays/time-line-of-the-civil-war/1861 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; North ke Nationalist aur South ke  &quot;Unionists&quot;  declarations of secession ke maanataa nai de rahin, aur koi baahar ke des Confederacy ke recognise nai kare rahin. TUS sarkar,  President [[James Buchanan]] ke niche, des ke forts ke chorre se inkaar kar diis rahaa, jon Confederacy daawa karat rahaa ki uulog ke ilaaka me rahaa. 

Lincoln ke anusaar, America ke log ii dekhae rahin,  [[American Revolution]] aur [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] me jiit ke baad aur baad me ek ajaad des ke achchhaa se chalaana , ii dekhis rahaa ki uu log  ek republis ke banae ke chalae sake hae.  Fi bhi, Lincoln ii biswas karat  rahaa ki: Could the nation be maintained as a republic, with its government selected by vote of the people, in the face of internal attempts to destroy it or separate from it?&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jaffa |first=Harry V. |author-link=Harry V. Jaffa |title=A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War |year=2004 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8476-9953-7 |page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Larrai ke suruwaat ==
=== Alag hoe ke sankatkaal ===

[[File:US Secession map 1861.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|{{center|'''1861 me states ke status'''}} {{legend|#A40000| Gulami waala state jon 15 April 1861 se pahile alag hoe gay rahin}} {{legend|#EF2929|  Gulami waala state jon 15 April 1861 ke baad alag hoe gay rahin}} {{legend|#FCE94F| Border waala Southern states jon gulami ke anumati dewat rahin lekin alag nai bhay rahin  (duuno [[Kentucky]] aur [[Missouri]] ke dui Confederate aur Unionist sarkar rahaa)}} {{legend|#204A87| Union ke state jisme gulami pe rok lagaawa gais rahaa }} {{legend|#D3D7CF| Territories}}|alt=Map of US showing two kinds of Union states, two phases of secession and territories]]

Lincoln ke election jiite ke kaaran [[South Carolina]] ke legislature ek state convention balais rahaa jisse Union se alag hoe ke discuss karaa jaae sake. [[South Carolina]] aur sab stste se jaada ii notion ke advance karat rahin ki ek state ke Union se nikle ke puura adhikaar rahaa.  20 December  1860 me, convention ke sab log vote karin ki South Carolina Union se alag hoe jaae. Uulog argue karin ki,  states ke gulam rakkhe ke adhikaar rahaa, lekin complain karin ki  North state ke adhikaar ke nai support karat rahaa, kaaheki  federal Fugitive Slave Act ke uulog follow nai karat rahin, jisme uu logan ke South se bhaage waala gulam ke lautare ke rahaa.   &quot;Cotton states&quot;, jisme [[Mississippi]], [[Florida]], [[Alabama]], [[Georgia]], [[Louisiana]], aur [[Texas]] rahaa, Souh Carolina ke pichhe January aur February 1861 me Union se nikal gay rahin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NegativesPrints&quot; /&gt;

[[File:US map 1864 Civil War divisions.svg|thumb|American Civil War ke time ke states ke vibhaajan :
{{legend|#204A87|Union}}
{{legend|#A40000|Confederacy}}
{{legend|#729FCF|Border states}}
{{legend|#949494|Territories}}|
alt=Division of the states during the American Civil War: Union, Confederacy, border states, and territories]]
Ordinances of secession me,  Texas, Alabama, aur Virginia  &quot;slaveholding states&quot; ke plight ke  Northern abolitionists ke niche, likha gais rahaa. Baaki state gulami ke baare me zikar nai kare rahin brief announcements by the legislatures of the dissolution of ties to the Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ordinances of Secession of the 13 Confederate States of America |url=http://www.civil-war.net/pages/ordinances_secession.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040611023102/http://civil-war.net/pages/ordinances_secession.asp |archive-date=June 11, 2004 |access-date=November 28, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lekin kamti-se-kamti chaar—South Carolina,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Confederate States of America – Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_scarsec.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220121942/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_scarsec.asp |archive-date=February 20, 2019 |access-date=November 28, 2012 |website=The Avalon Project}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mississippi,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_missec.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010225636/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_missec.asp |archive-date=October 10, 2014 |access-date=November 28, 2012 |website=The Avalon Project}}&lt;/ref&gt; Georgia,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Confederate States of America – Georgia Secession |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_geosec.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714154731/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_geosec.asp |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |access-date=November 28, 2012 |website=The Avalon Project}}&lt;/ref&gt; aur Texas&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Confederate States of America – A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_texsec.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811013053/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_texsec.asp |archive-date=August 11, 2011 |access-date=November 28, 2012 |website=The Avalon Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;—detailed kaaran de rahin uulog ke alag hoe ke kaaran, sab gulami ke band kare ke  aur North pe iske influence, ke kaaran de rahin.  Southern states ii biswas karat rahin ki [[Fugitive Slave Clause]]  slaveholding ke ek constitutional right bnae diis rahaa. Ii sab stae ek nawaa  federal government, the [[Confederate States of America]], ke 4 February 1861 me banae rahiaur duusra properties jn uulogan ke ilaaka me rahaa ke aapan niche kar le rahin, jisme retire hoe waala  president [[James Buchanan]], jiske term March 4 me expire bhais rahaa, kuchh nai karis rahaa. Buchanan ii bolis rahaa ki [[Dred Scott decision]]  proof rahaa ki Southern states ke Union se nikle ke koi kaaran nai rahaa aur Union &quot;was intended to be perpetual&quot;. He ii bhi bolis ki &quot;States ke Union me rake ke  force of arms se compel karaa jaawe, uu power rahaa jiske Congress sarkar ke nai diis rahaa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Buchanan1860&quot; /&gt; US army ke 25%—the Texas garrison—ke uske general state forces ke aage surrender hoe gais rahaa aur iske general, [[David E. Twiggs]] baad me Confederacy ke join kar liis rahaa.{{sfn|Winters|1963|p=28}}

== Duusra websites ==
* [http://www.civil-war.net The Civil War Home Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102180529/http://www.civil-war.net/ |date=2008-01-02 }}
* [http://www.civilwar.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505134058/http://www.civilwar.com/ |date=2021-05-05 }}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:A]]
[[Category:United States ke itihaas]]</text>
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      <text bytes="10179" sha1="0mjj6hwjynwvbfx0zv5vr30cv7oogk5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Thure de Thulstrup - Battle of Antietam.jpg|thumb|right|300px|American Civil War ke time [[Battle of Antietam]]]]
'''American Civil War''' [[United States]] me 1861 se 1865 talak larraa gais rahaa . Gyrah southern gulaam ke rakkhe waala states ek hoe ke, jiske [[Confederate States of America]] (CSA) bola jaawat rahaa, ajaadi ke khatir United States ke sarkar ke larris rahaa. Uu logan &quot;the Union&quot; se larrin rahaa, jon ki U.S. federal government rahaa jiske aur sab state support karat rahaa. Union States (jiske kabhi kabhi &quot;the North&quot; bola jaawat rahaa) uu sab state rahaa jahan pe slavery legal nai rahaa. 

=== Lincoln ke election ===

[[File:Abraham Lincoln 1860.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|''Abraham Lincoln ke portrait'', jiske 1860 me Mathew Brady banais rahaa|alt=Portrait of the middle-aged Abraham Lincoln the year of 1860 by Mathew Brady]]
Abraham Lincoln 1860 presidential election ke jiit gais rahaa.{{sfn|Potter|Fehrenbacher|1976|p=485}} Southern states ke neta log ke ii dar rahaa ki Lincoln [[gulami]] ke barrhe nai di aur uske kaaram AMerica me gulami khalaas hoe jaai.{{sfn|McPherson|1988|pp=254–255}} Uske jiit ke kaaran America ke Southern ilaaka ke saat state America se alag hoe gain. Ii sab state ke   riverfront, nai to coastal economies  cotton be based rahaa jisme Afica se laawa gais gulaam kaam karat rahin.

Lincoln ke 4 March  1861 me sapat delaawa gais rahaa, uske election ke chaar mahina baad, jisse  South ke larrai ke khaatir taiyaar kare ke time mila rahaa.  &lt;ref name=&quot;NegativesPrints&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1861 Time Line |url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/civil-war-glass-negatives/articles-and-essays/time-line-of-the-civil-war/1861 |access-date=January 22, 2022 |website=Civil War Glass Negatives and Related Prints |publisher=Library of Congress |archive-date=January 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122224447/https://www.loc.gov/collections/civil-war-glass-negatives/articles-and-essays/time-line-of-the-civil-war/1861 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; North ke Nationalist aur South ke  &quot;Unionists&quot;  declarations of secession ke maanataa nai de rahin, aur koi baahar ke des Confederacy ke recognise nai kare rahin. TUS sarkar,  President [[James Buchanan]] ke niche, des ke forts ke chorre se inkaar kar diis rahaa, jon Confederacy daawa karat rahaa ki uulog ke ilaaka me rahaa. 

Lincoln ke anusaar, America ke log ii dekhae rahin,  [[American Revolution]] aur [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] me jiit ke baad aur baad me ek ajaad des ke achchhaa se chalaana , ii dekhis rahaa ki uu log  ek republis ke banae ke chalae sake hae.  Fi bhi, Lincoln ii biswas karat  rahaa ki: Could the nation be maintained as a republic, with its government selected by vote of the people, in the face of internal attempts to destroy it or separate from it?&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jaffa |first=Harry V. |author-link=Harry V. Jaffa |title=A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War |year=2004 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8476-9953-7 |page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Larrai ke suruwaat ==
=== Alag hoe ke sankatkaal ===

[[File:US Secession map 1861.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|{{center|'''1861 me states ke status'''}} {{legend|#A40000| Gulami waala state jon 15 April 1861 se pahile alag hoe gay rahin}} {{legend|#EF2929|  Gulami waala state jon 15 April 1861 ke baad alag hoe gay rahin}} {{legend|#FCE94F| Border waala Southern states jon gulami ke anumati dewat rahin lekin alag nai bhay rahin  (duuno [[Kentucky]] aur [[Missouri]] ke dui Confederate aur Unionist sarkar rahaa)}} {{legend|#204A87| Union ke state jisme gulami pe rok lagaawa gais rahaa }} {{legend|#D3D7CF| Territories}}|alt=Map of US showing two kinds of Union states, two phases of secession and territories]]

Lincoln ke election jiite ke kaaran [[South Carolina]] ke legislature ek state convention balais rahaa jisse Union se alag hoe ke discuss karaa jaae sake. [[South Carolina]] aur sab stste se jaada ii notion ke advance karat rahin ki ek state ke Union se nikle ke puura adhikaar rahaa.  20 December  1860 me, convention ke sab log vote karin ki South Carolina Union se alag hoe jaae. Uulog argue karin ki,  states ke gulam rakkhe ke adhikaar rahaa, lekin complain karin ki  North state ke adhikaar ke nai support karat rahaa, kaaheki  federal Fugitive Slave Act ke uulog follow nai karat rahin, jisme uu logan ke South se bhaage waala gulam ke lautare ke rahaa.   &quot;Cotton states&quot;, jisme [[Mississippi]], [[Florida]], [[Alabama]], [[Georgia]], [[Louisiana]], aur [[Texas]] rahaa, Souh Carolina ke pichhe January aur February 1861 me Union se nikal gay rahin.&lt;ref name=&quot;NegativesPrints&quot; /&gt;

[[File:US map 1864 Civil War divisions.svg|thumb|American Civil War ke time ke states ke vibhaajan :
{{legend|#204A87|Union}}
{{legend|#A40000|Confederacy}}
{{legend|#729FCF|Border states}}
{{legend|#949494|Territories}}|
alt=Division of the states during the American Civil War: Union, Confederacy, border states, and territories]]
Ordinances of secession me,  Texas, Alabama, aur Virginia  &quot;slaveholding states&quot; ke plight ke  Northern abolitionists ke niche, likha gais rahaa. Baaki state gulami ke baare me zikar nai kare rahin brief announcements by the legislatures of the dissolution of ties to the Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ordinances of Secession of the 13 Confederate States of America |url=http://www.civil-war.net/pages/ordinances_secession.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040611023102/http://civil-war.net/pages/ordinances_secession.asp |archive-date=June 11, 2004 |access-date=November 28, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lekin kamti-se-kamti chaar—South Carolina,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Confederate States of America – Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_scarsec.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220121942/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_scarsec.asp |archive-date=February 20, 2019 |access-date=November 28, 2012 |website=The Avalon Project}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mississippi,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_missec.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010225636/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_missec.asp |archive-date=October 10, 2014 |access-date=November 28, 2012 |website=The Avalon Project}}&lt;/ref&gt; Georgia,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Confederate States of America – Georgia Secession |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_geosec.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714154731/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_geosec.asp |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |access-date=November 28, 2012 |website=The Avalon Project}}&lt;/ref&gt; aur Texas&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Confederate States of America – A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_texsec.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811013053/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_texsec.asp |archive-date=August 11, 2011 |access-date=November 28, 2012 |website=The Avalon Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;—detailed kaaran de rahin uulog ke alag hoe ke kaaran, sab gulami ke band kare ke  aur North pe iske influence, ke kaaran de rahin.  Southern states ii biswas karat rahin ki [[Fugitive Slave Clause]]  slaveholding ke ek constitutional right bnae diis rahaa. Ii sab stae ek nawaa  federal government, the [[Confederate States of America]], ke 4 February 1861 me banae rahiaur duusra properties jn uulogan ke ilaaka me rahaa ke aapan niche kar le rahin, jisme retire hoe waala  president [[James Buchanan]], jiske term March 4 me expire bhais rahaa, kuchh nai karis rahaa. Buchanan ii bolis rahaa ki [[Dred Scott decision]]  proof rahaa ki Southern states ke Union se nikle ke koi kaaran nai rahaa aur Union &quot;was intended to be perpetual&quot;. He ii bhi bolis ki &quot;States ke Union me rake ke  force of arms se compel karaa jaawe, uu power rahaa jiske Congress sarkar ke nai diis rahaa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Buchanan1860&quot; /&gt; US army ke 25%—the Texas garrison—ke uske general state forces ke aage surrender hoe gais rahaa aur iske general, [[David E. Twiggs]] baad me Confederacy ke join kar liis rahaa.{{sfn|Winters|1963|p=28}}

Jon saatn Southern states Union se nikle rahin ke baare me itihasik,   [[James M. McPherson|James McPherson]] likhis hae, &quot;Gulam log Confederate states ke abaadi ke 47% rahin lekin upper South ke khaali 24 percent.&quot;{{sfn|McPherson|1988|p=255}} Uu ii bhi batais hae, &quot;Chaarr [[Border states (American Civil War)|border states]] me gulam ke  proportion aur  slaveowners ke eleven states that seceded ke aadha rahaa.&quot;{{sfn|McPherson|1988|p=284}} Eastern Tennessee aur western Virginia me kamti gulami rahaa aur Union ke khaatir jaada support dekhae rahin, baaki Confederacy ke mukable me. West Virginia baaki Virginiake chhorr ke  Union ke joi kar liis  gulami ke issue ke kaaran. Even within Virginia aur Tennessee, which had seceded, McPherson likhia rahaa, &quot;The voters in 35 Virginia counties with a slave population of only 2.5 percent opposed secession by a margin of three to one, while voters in the remainder of the state, where slaves constituted 36 percent of the population, supported secession by more than ten to one. The thirty counties of east Tennessee that rejected secession by more than two to one contained a slave population of only 8 percent, while the rest of the state, with a slave population of 30 percent, voted for secession by a margin of seven to one.&quot;{{sfn|McPherson|1988|pp=283-284}}

== Duusra websites ==
* [http://www.civil-war.net The Civil War Home Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102180529/http://www.civil-war.net/ |date=2008-01-02 }}
* [http://www.civilwar.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505134058/http://www.civilwar.com/ |date=2021-05-05 }}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:A]]
[[Category:United States ke itihaas]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2424" sha1="cyz84irospv3r7nxlr4x4g26sswgzjn" xml:space="preserve">'''Apartheid''', [[South Africa]] ke political system rahaa jiske niche huan ke log ke racial group me divide karaa gais rahaa. Ii policy officially [[1948]] se [[1994]] talak rahaa, lekin ii jagha pe racial discrimination aur pahile suruu bhais rahaa. Ii system se [[non-white]] log ke uu logan ke adhikar le lewa gais rahaa. Kanuun goraa minority ke karia majority ke kuch jagha pe khaali rahe ke adhikar diis. Katia logan ke sab time pass carry kare ke parrat rahaa. Sarkar mila jhula jagha se logan ke force kar ke hatais. rahaa. 

== Pahile ke apartheid ==

''Apartheid'' ek [[Afrikaans]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Dictionary.com entry for 'apartheid' |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/apartheid?s=t&amp;ld=1091 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221846/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/apartheid?s=t&amp;ld=1091 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=11 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; sabd hae jiske matlab &quot;separateness&quot;, nai to &quot;the state of being apart&quot;, literally &quot;apart-ness&quot; nai to [[wikt:apart#English|apart]]-[[wikt:-hood#English|hood]]&quot; (jon Afrikaans suffix ''-heid'' se aais hae).&lt;ref&gt;Shore, Megan. ''Religion and Conflict Resolution: Christianity and South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission''. [[Ashgate Publishing]], 2009. p. 36&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Nancy |last2=Worger |first2=William |date=2013 |title=South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=New York |language=en |chapter=The Basis of Apartheid}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iske pahila dafe 1929 me kaam me laawa gais rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Routledge&quot; /&gt;

Jaati pe bhed-bhao  Black log ke virod me, South Africa me, barraa-scale pe European colonisation South Africa  ke, jab  [[Dutch East India Company]] ek trading post ke [[Cape of Good Hope]]  me, 1652 me banais rahaa, jon baad me barr ke  [[Dutch Cape Colony]] hoe gais rahaa, se suruu bhais rahaa. Ii company  [[Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars]] ke suruu karis rahaa jisme uulog locak local [[Khoikhoi people]] ke hatae ke, khet banae rahin jiske  [[White South Africans|White settlers]] own karat rahin, aur jisme imported Black slaves  [[Dutch Empire]] se, kaam karat rahin.{{sfn|Clark|Worger|2016|pp=11–12}} Gulami ke jamaana me gulaam log ke aapan lage ek pass rakkhe ke parrat rahaa jab aapan malik se duur rhat rahin.


== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:A]]
[[Category:South Africa ke itihaas]]
[[Category:Politics]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4324" sha1="0kyah9y0cjvtbeknq9jb8w3637jvyyu" xml:space="preserve">'''Apartheid''', [[South Africa]] ke political system rahaa jiske niche huan ke log ke racial group me divide karaa gais rahaa. Ii policy officially [[1948]] se [[1994]] talak rahaa, lekin ii jagha pe racial discrimination aur pahile suruu bhais rahaa. Ii system se [[non-white]] log ke uu logan ke adhikar le lewa gais rahaa. Kanuun goraa minority ke karia majority ke kuch jagha pe khaali rahe ke adhikar diis. Katia logan ke sab time pass carry kare ke parrat rahaa. Sarkar mila jhula jagha se logan ke force kar ke hatais. rahaa. 

== Pahile ke apartheid ==

''Apartheid'' ek [[Afrikaans]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Dictionary.com entry for 'apartheid' |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/apartheid?s=t&amp;ld=1091 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221846/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/apartheid?s=t&amp;ld=1091 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=11 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; sabd hae jiske matlab &quot;separateness&quot;, nai to &quot;the state of being apart&quot;, literally &quot;apart-ness&quot; nai to [[wikt:apart#English|apart]]-[[wikt:-hood#English|hood]]&quot; (jon Afrikaans suffix ''-heid'' se aais hae).&lt;ref&gt;Shore, Megan. ''Religion and Conflict Resolution: Christianity and South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission''. [[Ashgate Publishing]], 2009. p. 36&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Nancy |last2=Worger |first2=William |date=2013 |title=South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=New York |language=en |chapter=The Basis of Apartheid}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iske pahila dafe 1929 me kaam me laawa gais rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Routledge&quot; /&gt;

Jaati pe bhed-bhao  Black log ke virod me, South Africa me, barraa-scale pe European colonisation South Africa  ke, jab  [[Dutch East India Company]] ek trading post ke [[Cape of Good Hope]]  me, 1652 me banais rahaa, jon baad me barr ke  [[Dutch Cape Colony]] hoe gais rahaa, se suruu bhais rahaa. Ii company  [[Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars]] ke suruu karis rahaa jisme uulog locak local [[Khoikhoi people]] ke hatae ke, khet banae rahin jiske  [[White South Africans|White settlers]] own karat rahin, aur jisme imported Black slaves  [[Dutch Empire]] se, kaam karat rahin.{{sfn|Clark|Worger|2016|pp=11–12}} Gulami ke jamaana me gulaam log ke aapan lage ek pass rakkhe ke parrat rahaa jab aapan malik se duur rhat rahin.

1797 me, ''[[Landdrost#South Africa|Landdrost]]'' aur [[Heemraad|''Heemraden'']], jon local officials rahin,  [[Swellendam]] aur [[Graaff-Reinet]] ke, [[pass laws]]  ke gulaam se aur log talak failae rahin aur decree karin ki sab Khoikhoi log (jiske ''Hottentots'' bola gais rahaa) jon des bhar me ghume hae, koi kaaran se, ke ek pass sanghe rakkhe ke parri. {{sfn|Du Toit|Giliomee|1983|p=}} Iske [[British Cape Colony|British Colonial government]] 1809 me samarthan karis rahaa,   [[Hottentot Proclamation]] se, jon batais ki, agar ek Khoikhoi kahin jaae mange tag uske legae ek pass uske malik nai to local official se rahe ke chaahi.{{sfn|Du Toit|Giliomee|1983|p=}} Ordinance No. 49 of 1828 ii decree karis ki koi Black admi jon duusra des e South Africa aawe maange hae, ke pass dewa jaai, kaam ke khoje ke khaatir.  {{sfn|Du Toit|Giliomee|1983|p=}} Ii pass  Coloureds aur Khoikhoi khaatir rahaa, duusra  Africans khaatir nai rahaa, jinke fir bhi pass rakkhe ke parrat rahaa. 

[[French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars]] ke time,  [[British Empire]]  Dutch Cape Colony ke aapan niche kar liis rahaa.{{sfn|Clark|Worger|2016|p=12}}  [[Battle of Blaauwberg#Articles of Capitulation|1806 Cape Articles of Capitulation]] ke niche, nawaa British colonial rulers ke pahile ke legislation jiske [[Roman-Dutch law]] ke niche banaawa gais rahaa, ke respect kare ke rahaa,&lt;ref name=&quot;Introduction to Roman-Dutch Law&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=R.W Lee |title=Introduction to Roman-Dutch Law |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoro00leeruoft |access-date=27 March 2011 |publisher=Oxford, Clarendon Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; aur iske kaaran  South Africa ke kanun [[English Common Law]] se different rahaa aur colony ke dher  legislative autonomy dewa gais rahaa. Governor log aur  assemblies jon South Africa ke colonies ke govern karat rahin  ek ajaad maarg follow karat rahin aur sab  British Empire ke mukaable me.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:A]]
[[Category:South Africa ke itihaas]]
[[Category:Politics]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6667" sha1="918apmihpdv9dbqvfhhbq6i7d5z7gxw" xml:space="preserve">'''Apartheid''', [[South Africa]] ke political system rahaa jiske niche huan ke log ke racial group me divide karaa gais rahaa. Ii policy officially [[1948]] se [[1994]] talak rahaa, lekin ii jagha pe racial discrimination aur pahile suruu bhais rahaa. Ii system se [[non-white]] log ke uu logan ke adhikar le lewa gais rahaa. Kanuun goraa minority ke karia majority ke kuch jagha pe khaali rahe ke adhikar diis. Katia logan ke sab time pass carry kare ke parrat rahaa. Sarkar mila jhula jagha se logan ke force kar ke hatais. rahaa. 

== Pahile ke apartheid ==

''Apartheid'' ek [[Afrikaans]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Dictionary.com entry for 'apartheid' |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/apartheid?s=t&amp;ld=1091 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221846/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/apartheid?s=t&amp;ld=1091 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=11 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; sabd hae jiske matlab &quot;separateness&quot;, nai to &quot;the state of being apart&quot;, literally &quot;apart-ness&quot; nai to [[wikt:apart#English|apart]]-[[wikt:-hood#English|hood]]&quot; (jon Afrikaans suffix ''-heid'' se aais hae).&lt;ref&gt;Shore, Megan. ''Religion and Conflict Resolution: Christianity and South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission''. [[Ashgate Publishing]], 2009. p. 36&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Nancy |last2=Worger |first2=William |date=2013 |title=South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=New York |language=en |chapter=The Basis of Apartheid}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iske pahila dafe 1929 me kaam me laawa gais rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Routledge&quot; /&gt;

Jaati pe bhed-bhao  Black log ke virod me, South Africa me, barraa-scale pe European colonisation South Africa  ke, jab  [[Dutch East India Company]] ek trading post ke [[Cape of Good Hope]]  me, 1652 me banais rahaa, jon baad me barr ke  [[Dutch Cape Colony]] hoe gais rahaa, se suruu bhais rahaa. Ii company  [[Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars]] ke suruu karis rahaa jisme uulog locak local [[Khoikhoi people]] ke hatae ke, khet banae rahin jiske  [[White South Africans|White settlers]] own karat rahin, aur jisme imported Black slaves  [[Dutch Empire]] se, kaam karat rahin.{{sfn|Clark|Worger|2016|pp=11–12}} Gulami ke jamaana me gulaam log ke aapan lage ek pass rakkhe ke parrat rahaa jab aapan malik se duur rhat rahin.

1797 me, ''[[Landdrost#South Africa|Landdrost]]'' aur [[Heemraad|''Heemraden'']], jon local officials rahin,  [[Swellendam]] aur [[Graaff-Reinet]] ke, [[pass laws]]  ke gulaam se aur log talak failae rahin aur decree karin ki sab Khoikhoi log (jiske ''Hottentots'' bola gais rahaa) jon des bhar me ghume hae, koi kaaran se, ke ek pass sanghe rakkhe ke parri. {{sfn|Du Toit|Giliomee|1983|p=}} Iske [[British Cape Colony|British Colonial government]] 1809 me samarthan karis rahaa,   [[Hottentot Proclamation]] se, jon batais ki, agar ek Khoikhoi kahin jaae mange tag uske legae ek pass uske malik nai to local official se rahe ke chaahi.{{sfn|Du Toit|Giliomee|1983|p=}} Ordinance No. 49 of 1828 ii decree karis ki koi Black admi jon duusra des e South Africa aawe maange hae, ke pass dewa jaai, kaam ke khoje ke khaatir.  {{sfn|Du Toit|Giliomee|1983|p=}} Ii pass  Coloureds aur Khoikhoi khaatir rahaa, duusra  Africans khaatir nai rahaa, jinke fir bhi pass rakkhe ke parrat rahaa. 

[[French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars]] ke time,  [[British Empire]]  Dutch Cape Colony ke aapan niche kar liis rahaa.{{sfn|Clark|Worger|2016|p=12}}  [[Battle of Blaauwberg#Articles of Capitulation|1806 Cape Articles of Capitulation]] ke niche, nawaa British colonial rulers ke pahile ke legislation jiske [[Roman-Dutch law]] ke niche banaawa gais rahaa, ke respect kare ke rahaa,&lt;ref name=&quot;Introduction to Roman-Dutch Law&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=R.W Lee |title=Introduction to Roman-Dutch Law |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoro00leeruoft |access-date=27 March 2011 |publisher=Oxford, Clarendon Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; aur iske kaaran  South Africa ke kanun [[English Common Law]] se different rahaa aur colony ke dher  legislative autonomy dewa gais rahaa. Governor log aur  assemblies jon South Africa ke colonies ke govern karat rahin  ek ajaad maarg follow karat rahin aur sab  British Empire ke mukaable me.

United Kingdom ke [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]] ke pass hoe ke baad British Empire me gulami ke dhire dhire khalaas hoe ke rahaa. 1837 talak British Empire me gulam ke kharidna aur becha pe manahi rahaa, aur [[Nigeria]] aur [[Bahrain]] aakhri  British territories rahaa jon gulam i ke khalaas karis rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Nwaubani |first=Adaobi Tricia |date=2018-07-15 |title=My Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/my-great-grandfather-the-nigerian-slave-trader |access-date=2025-02-03 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=The abolition of the slave trade in southeastern Nigeria, 1885-1950 {{!}} WorldCat.org |oclc=256735611 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Northrup |first=David |date=September 2007 |title=A. E. Afigbo. The Abolition of the Slave Trade in Southeastern Nigeria. 1885-1950. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2006. Rochester Studies in African History and the Diaspora. xv + 210 pp. Maps. Appendixes. Bibliography. Index. $75.00. Cloth. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/a-e-afigbo-the-abolition-of-the-slave-trade-in-southeastern-nigeria-18851950-rochester-university-of-rochester-press-2006-rochester-studies-in-african-history-and-the-diaspora-xv-210-pp-maps-appendixes-bibliography-index-7500-cloth/7279CB1095BDD89AD84EACAA5AAA42CC |journal=[[African Studies Review]] |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=228–229 |doi=10.1353/arw.2007.0116 |issn=0002-0206 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Miers |first=Suzanne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zZk9Y-HTQzcC&amp;q=1926+Slavery+Convention |title=Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem |date=2003 |publisher=Rowman Altamira |isbn=978-0-7591-0340-5 |pages=265–67 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ii act Cape Articles of Capitulation ke override karis rahaa. Ii act se comply kare ke khaatir,  South African legislation ke barrhae ke Ordinance 1 in 1835 ke include karaa gais rahaa, jon gulam logan ke status ke badal ke  [[Indentured servitude|indentured labourers]] banais rahaa. Iske baad  Ordinance 3 in 1848,  indenture system ke [[Xhosa people|Xhosa]] ke khaaatir laabu karaa gais rahaa jon gulami se bahut antar nai rahaa. 

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:A]]
[[Category:South Africa ke itihaas]]
[[Category:Politics]]</text>
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      <text bytes="9395" sha1="jeey8w1r9h4c7r43e4y4jg0ha0sb2p5" xml:space="preserve">'''Apartheid''', [[South Africa]] ke political system rahaa jiske niche huan ke log ke racial group me divide karaa gais rahaa. Ii policy officially [[1948]] se [[1994]] talak rahaa, lekin ii jagha pe racial discrimination aur pahile suruu bhais rahaa. Ii system se [[non-white]] log ke uu logan ke adhikar le lewa gais rahaa. Kanuun goraa minority ke karia majority ke kuch jagha pe khaali rahe ke adhikar diis. Katia logan ke sab time pass carry kare ke parrat rahaa. Sarkar mila jhula jagha se logan ke force kar ke hatais. rahaa. 

== Pahile ke apartheid ==

''Apartheid'' ek [[Afrikaans]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Dictionary.com entry for 'apartheid' |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/apartheid?s=t&amp;ld=1091 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221846/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/apartheid?s=t&amp;ld=1091 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=11 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; sabd hae jiske matlab &quot;separateness&quot;, nai to &quot;the state of being apart&quot;, literally &quot;apart-ness&quot; nai to [[wikt:apart#English|apart]]-[[wikt:-hood#English|hood]]&quot; (jon Afrikaans suffix ''-heid'' se aais hae).&lt;ref&gt;Shore, Megan. ''Religion and Conflict Resolution: Christianity and South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission''. [[Ashgate Publishing]], 2009. p. 36&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Nancy |last2=Worger |first2=William |date=2013 |title=South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=New York |language=en |chapter=The Basis of Apartheid}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iske pahila dafe 1929 me kaam me laawa gais rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Routledge&quot; /&gt;

Jaati pe bhed-bhao  Black log ke virod me, South Africa me, barraa-scale pe European colonisation South Africa  ke, jab  [[Dutch East India Company]] ek trading post ke [[Cape of Good Hope]]  me, 1652 me banais rahaa, jon baad me barr ke  [[Dutch Cape Colony]] hoe gais rahaa, se suruu bhais rahaa. Ii company  [[Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars]] ke suruu karis rahaa jisme uulog locak local [[Khoikhoi people]] ke hatae ke, khet banae rahin jiske  [[White South Africans|White settlers]] own karat rahin, aur jisme imported Black slaves  [[Dutch Empire]] se, kaam karat rahin.{{sfn|Clark|Worger|2016|pp=11–12}} Gulami ke jamaana me gulaam log ke aapan lage ek pass rakkhe ke parrat rahaa jab aapan malik se duur rhat rahin.

1797 me, ''[[Landdrost#South Africa|Landdrost]]'' aur [[Heemraad|''Heemraden'']], jon local officials rahin,  [[Swellendam]] aur [[Graaff-Reinet]] ke, [[pass laws]]  ke gulaam se aur log talak failae rahin aur decree karin ki sab Khoikhoi log (jiske ''Hottentots'' bola gais rahaa) jon des bhar me ghume hae, koi kaaran se, ke ek pass sanghe rakkhe ke parri. {{sfn|Du Toit|Giliomee|1983|p=}} Iske [[British Cape Colony|British Colonial government]] 1809 me samarthan karis rahaa,   [[Hottentot Proclamation]] se, jon batais ki, agar ek Khoikhoi kahin jaae mange tag uske legae ek pass uske malik nai to local official se rahe ke chaahi.{{sfn|Du Toit|Giliomee|1983|p=}} Ordinance No. 49 of 1828 ii decree karis ki koi Black admi jon duusra des e South Africa aawe maange hae, ke pass dewa jaai, kaam ke khoje ke khaatir.  {{sfn|Du Toit|Giliomee|1983|p=}} Ii pass  Coloureds aur Khoikhoi khaatir rahaa, duusra  Africans khaatir nai rahaa, jinke fir bhi pass rakkhe ke parrat rahaa. 

[[French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars]] ke time,  [[British Empire]]  Dutch Cape Colony ke aapan niche kar liis rahaa.{{sfn|Clark|Worger|2016|p=12}}  [[Battle of Blaauwberg#Articles of Capitulation|1806 Cape Articles of Capitulation]] ke niche, nawaa British colonial rulers ke pahile ke legislation jiske [[Roman-Dutch law]] ke niche banaawa gais rahaa, ke respect kare ke rahaa,&lt;ref name=&quot;Introduction to Roman-Dutch Law&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=R.W Lee |title=Introduction to Roman-Dutch Law |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoro00leeruoft |access-date=27 March 2011 |publisher=Oxford, Clarendon Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; aur iske kaaran  South Africa ke kanun [[English Common Law]] se different rahaa aur colony ke dher  legislative autonomy dewa gais rahaa. Governor log aur  assemblies jon South Africa ke colonies ke govern karat rahin  ek ajaad maarg follow karat rahin aur sab  British Empire ke mukaable me.

United Kingdom ke [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]] ke pass hoe ke baad British Empire me gulami ke dhire dhire khalaas hoe ke rahaa. 1837 talak British Empire me gulam ke kharidna aur becha pe manahi rahaa, aur [[Nigeria]] aur [[Bahrain]] aakhri  British territories rahaa jon gulam i ke khalaas karis rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Nwaubani |first=Adaobi Tricia |date=2018-07-15 |title=My Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/my-great-grandfather-the-nigerian-slave-trader |access-date=2025-02-03 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=The abolition of the slave trade in southeastern Nigeria, 1885-1950 {{!}} WorldCat.org |oclc=256735611 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Northrup |first=David |date=September 2007 |title=A. E. Afigbo. The Abolition of the Slave Trade in Southeastern Nigeria. 1885-1950. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2006. Rochester Studies in African History and the Diaspora. xv + 210 pp. Maps. Appendixes. Bibliography. Index. $75.00. Cloth. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/a-e-afigbo-the-abolition-of-the-slave-trade-in-southeastern-nigeria-18851950-rochester-university-of-rochester-press-2006-rochester-studies-in-african-history-and-the-diaspora-xv-210-pp-maps-appendixes-bibliography-index-7500-cloth/7279CB1095BDD89AD84EACAA5AAA42CC |journal=[[African Studies Review]] |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=228–229 |doi=10.1353/arw.2007.0116 |issn=0002-0206 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Miers |first=Suzanne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zZk9Y-HTQzcC&amp;q=1926+Slavery+Convention |title=Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem |date=2003 |publisher=Rowman Altamira |isbn=978-0-7591-0340-5 |pages=265–67 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ii act Cape Articles of Capitulation ke override karis rahaa. Ii act se comply kare ke khaatir,  South African legislation ke barrhae ke Ordinance 1 in 1835 ke include karaa gais rahaa, jon gulam logan ke status ke badal ke  [[Indentured servitude|indentured labourers]] banais rahaa. Iske baad  Ordinance 3 in 1848,  indenture system ke [[Xhosa people|Xhosa]] ke khaaatir laabu karaa gais rahaa jon gulami se bahut antar nai rahaa. 

South Africa ke dher colonies legislation pass kare rahin 19th century bhar jisse unskilled majuur ke adhikaar ke kamti karaa jaawat rahaa,  indentured majuur pe rukaawat aur jaada karaa jaawat rahaa aur jati ke biich ke relationship ke regulate karaa jaawat rahaa.  Jab South Africa me hira aur sona paawa gais tab  racial inequality  White aur Black log ke biich me aur jaada hoe gais rahaa.{{sfn|Clark|Worger|2016|p=14}} Kuchh gyaani log ii bahar karin hae ki Apartheid ke ideology ke [[Afrikaner Calvinism]] me paawa jaae sake hae, jiske saathe  racialism bhi rahaa;&lt;ref name=&quot;SaulDubow&quot;&gt;[[Saul Dubow|Dubow, Saul]], &quot;Afrikaner Nationalism, Apartheid and the conceptualisation of 'Race{{'&quot;}}, [[The Journal of African History]], 33 (1992) pp. 209–237 (pp. 209, 211)&lt;/ref&gt; jaise,  1933 me; Broederbond ke executive council mass segregation ke recommend karis rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;SaulDubow&quot; /&gt;

[[Cape Colony]] jiske pahile liberal aur multi-racial constitution aur ek  [[Cape Qualified Franchise]] rahaa jon sab jaat ke log ke khaatir khula rahaa, 1892 ke  [[Franchise and Ballot Act]] [[Property qualification|property franchise qualification]] ke aur uppar kar diis aur ek  educational element ke jorr diis rahaa, jisse dher Cape ke non-White voters aapan vote le lose kar de rahin,&lt;ref&gt;Gish, Steven (2000). ''Alfred B. Xuma: African, American, South African.'' [[New York University Press]]. p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt; 
aur 1894 ke [[Glen Grey Act]] jiske sarkar instigate karis rahaa jiske Prime Minister [[Cecil Rhodes]] neta rahaa,  Africans log ketna jamiin rakkhe sakat rahin ke aur kamti kar dewa gais rahaa.  Yahii raka, [[Colony of Natal|Natal]] me, 1894 ke [[Natal Legislative Assembly Bill]] Hindustano log ke vote kare ke adhikaar ke hatae diis rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;Hoiberg, Dale; Ramchandani, Indu (2000). ''Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1–5.'' Popular Prakashan. p. 142.&lt;/ref&gt; 1896 me [[South African Republic]] dui pass laws ke pass karis jisme  Africans ke ek badge carry kare ke rahaa. Khaali wahii log jon ek malik ke kaam karat rahin  [[Witwatersrand|Rand]] me rahe sakat rahin, aur jon &quot;labour district&quot; me aawat rahaa ke ek  special pass ke jaruri rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Kiloh |first1=Margaret |last2=Sibeko |first2=Archie |title=A Fighting Union |date=2000 |publisher=Ravan Press |location=Randburg |isbn=0869755277 |page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Second Boer War]] ke time, British Empire cited racial exploitation of Blacks as a cause for its war against the [[Boer republics]]. However, the peace negotiations for the [[Treaty of Vereeniging]] demanded &quot;the just predominance of the white race&quot; in South Africa as a precondition for the Boer republics unifying with the British Empire.{{sfn|Clark|Worger|2016|pp=16–17}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:A]]
[[Category:South Africa ke itihaas]]
[[Category:Politics]]</text>
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    <title>2014</title>
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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MMXIV) ek leap sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon [[:wikt:budh|budh]] ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[3rd millennium]] aur [[21st century]] 14th saal rahaa,  aur  [[2010s]] dassak ke 5th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2070-2071, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1935-1936, Kali Yuga ke 5114-5115, Buddhist calendar ke 2558, Islamic calendar ke 1435-1436, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 546 saal rahaa. 

== Ghatna ==
* [[3 May]] - [[Felix Anthony]], jon ki pahile Fiji Trades Union Congress ke General Secretary rahaa, ke People's Democratic Party ke neta chuna gais.
* [[13 July]] - 18th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Brazil]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Germany]], [[Argentina]] ke 1-0 se harais rahaa.

== Janam ==

== Maut ==
[[file:Maximilian_Schell_-_1970-1.jpg|rught|80px|thumb|Schell]]
* [[1 February]] - '''[[Maximilian Schell]]''', [[Switzerland]] ke actor, director aur producer ke maut [[Innsbruk]], [[Austria]] me bhais rahaa.
[[file:Shirleytemple.jpg|left|80px|thumb|Temple]]
* [[10 February]] - '''[[Shirley Temple]]''', [[America]]n actor, gaayak, nachaniyaa aur rajduut ke maut [[Woodside]], [[California]] me bhais rahaa.
* [[27 July]] - [[James Shankar Singh]], jon ek kisan, businessman aur Government Minister rahaa
[[file:Robin_Williams_2011a_(2).jpg|80px|right|thumb|Williams]]
* [[11 August]] - '''[[Robin Williams]]''', [[America]]n actor aur hansaewaala ke maut [[Paradise City]], [[California]] me bhais rahaa.

== Chhutti aur teohaar ==
* [[1 January]] - Fiji me '''Nawaa Saal''' ke chhutti rahaa
* [[12 January]], [[13 January]] - Fiji me '''Prophet Mohammed ke birthday''' khatir chhutti rahaa.
* [[18 April]] - Fiji me '''Good Friday''' ke chhutti rahaa
* [[19 April]] - Fiji me '''Easter Saturday''' ke chhutti rahaa 
* [[21 April]] - Fiji me '''Easter Monday''' ke chhutti rahaa 
* [[10 October]] - Fiji me '''Fiji Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.
* [[23 October]] - Fiji me '''Diwali''' ke chhutti rahaa.
* [[25 December]] - Fiji me '''Barraa Din''' ke chhutti rahaa.
* [[26 December]] - Fiji me '''Boxing Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.

== References ==

&lt;br /&gt;

{{Template:YEARS}}

[[Category:2014| ]]</text>
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    <title>Bhautik vigyan</title>
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'''Bhautik vigyan  (Physics)''' ek [[vigyan]] hae jisme [[matter]] aur space aur [[samay]] kaise interact kare hae, ke baare me parrha jaawe hae. Ii [[energy]] aur [[force]] ke bhi adhyan kare hae. &quot;Physics&quot; sabd [[Greek bhasa]] se aais hae, jisme iske matlab &quot;nature&quot; hae. 

Bhautik vigyan, [[engineering]] aur nawaa technology, jaise [[aviation]], [[electronics]] aur hatyaar ke banae me jaruri hae. [[Mathematics]] me calculus ke ii kaaran se suruu karaa gais rahaa ki ii [[machanics]], bahutik vigyan ke ek hissa, me kaam me laawa jaae sake. Bhautik vigyan ek sab se puraana parrhe waala subject hae, aur kaaheki isme [[astronomy]] bhi hae, saait sab se puraana hae.

==Bhautik vigyan ke hissa==
===Classical mechanics===
Classical mechanics me [[force]] ke adhyan karaa jaae hae aur [[solid]], [[liquid]] aur [[gas]] ke behaviour ke bhi adhyan karaa jaae hae. Iske jaada kar ke &quot;Newtonian mechanics&quot; bhi bolaa jaae hae, kaaheki [[Isaac Newton]],, [[laws of motion]] ke banais rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Perot&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Perot, Pierre |title=A to Z of Thermodynamics |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-856552-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Clark, John O.E. |title=The Essential Dictionary of Science |publisher=Barnes &amp; Noble Books |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-7607-4616-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Iske aur chhotaa hissa me bhi karaa jaae hae, jaise ki [[statics]], [[dynamics]], [[kinematics]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Clausius |first=Rudolf |title=On the Motive Power of Heat, and on the Laws which can be deduced from it for the Theory of Heat |chapter=LXXIX | publisher=Dover Reprint |year=1850 |isbn=978-0-486-59065-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Thermodynamics===
Isme [[temperature]], [[pressure]] aur [[volume]] ke effect ke adhyan karaa jaae hae, aur energy kaise [[heat]] se transfer hoe hae. Thermodynamics ii kaaran se aage barrha  ki log [[steam engine]] ke aur achchhaa kare ke kosis karat rahin.

==Itihaas==
===Puraana astronomy===
[[File:Senenmut-Grab.JPG|right|200px|thumb|Egypt ke puraana astronomy ke Pharoah ke tomb me paawa gais rahaa]]
Astronomy, natural sciences me ke ke sab se puraana hae. Sumerians aur puraana Egyptians, taara ke adhyan kare rahin, jisse future ke baare me jaana jaae sake aur dhra ke khaatir. Babylon ke pahila taara ke map 1200 BC puraana hae. Babylonians ii bji paawe rahin ki astronomy ke ghatna repeat hoe hae.&lt;ref&gt;Aaboe A. 1991. ''Mesopotamian mathematics, astronomy, and astrology''. The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume III (2nd ed). Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-22717-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uulog ke ii samajhnaa scientific nai, ii observation baad ke astronomy ke influence karis rahaa. Dher astronomy [[Mesopotamia]], [[Babylon]], [[Ancient Egypt]], aur [[Ancient Greece]] se aais hae. Egypt ke astronomer log imaarat ke banae rahin jon ii dekhais ki aasmaan ke chij gaise ghume hae aur constellations ke jaada naam Greek astronomers se aais hae.

===Aristotle aur Greece ke bhautik vigyan===
[[File:Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg|right|thumb|[[Aristotle]] (384-322 BCE)]]
6th, 5th aur 4th centuries BCE me aur Hellenistic jamaana me, Greece me Aristotle, jon [[Plato]] ke student rahaa, bhautik vigyan ke baare me likhis rahaa, jisme 2000 saal talak log biswas karat rahin. Uu motion aur gravity ke samjhais rahaa aur chaar classical elemenys ke, jon [[hawaa]], [[aagi]], [[paani]] aur [[dharti]] rahaa, jiske nature me aapan jagha rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Daily 40 no. 2 – Aristotle and the Four Simple Bodies and Elements |website=Cal State LA |url=https://www.calstatela.edu/sites/default/files/dept/chem/09summer/158/daily40-aristotle.pdf |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106231001/https://www.calstatela.edu/sites/default/files/dept/chem/09summer/158/daily40-aristotle.pdf |archive-date=6 January 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ii chaaro ke different density ke kaaran koi ek element apne se aapan jagha pe chal de hae..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=tbcaldwe |title=Natural Philosophy: Aristotle {{!}} Physics 139 |date=14 October 2012 |url=https://blogs.umass.edu/p139ell/2012/10/14/natural-philosophy-aristotle/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209043612/https://blogs.umass.edu/p139ell/2012/10/14/natural-philosophy-aristotle/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Iske matlab hae ki iske wajan ke kaaran, aagi sab se uppar rahii, iske niche hawaa, fir paani aur tab dharti.

===Bhautik vigyan medieval Islamic dunia me===
Islamik vigyanik, [[Islamic Golden Age]] ke time Aristotel ke bhutik vigyan ke adhyan kare rahin. Iske ek khaas yogdaan dekhae waala astronomy rahaa. Kuchh, jaise [[Ibn Sahl]], [[Al-Kindi]], [[Alhazen|Ibn al-Haytham]], [[Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī|Al-Farisi]] aur[[Avicenna]],  [[optics]] aur [[vision]] me kaam kare rahin. ''[[Book of Optics]]'' me Ibn al-Haytham puraana Greek ideas ke reject karis aur nawaa theory propose karis.  Uu ii adhyan karis ki  [[roshni]] kaise [[aankhi]] ke bhittar jaawe hae, aur [[camera obscura]] ke develop karis rahaa. Europe ke vugyanik baad me chasma, magnifying glasses, telescopes, aur camera ke ii book se banae rahin.

===Classical bhutik vigyan===
[[Scientific revolution]] ke baad bhautik vigyan ek alag adhyan ke field hoe gais rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;Dijksterhuis E.J. 1986. ''The mechanization of the world picture: Pythagoras to Newton''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-691-08403-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Galileo Galilei]] ke ke experiment ke madat se classical bhautik vigyan suruu bhais rahaa. Jab ki uu telescope ke invent nai karis rahaa, uu telescope se raat ke aasmaan ke adyan karis rahaa. Uu Copernicus ke idea ki [[dunia]], [[suraj]] ke parikrama kare hae, ke support karis rahaa. Uu gravity ke baare me bbhi khoj karis rahaa. [[Isaac Newton]], Galileo ke ideas ke kaam me laae ke  [[Newton's laws of motion|three laws of motion]] aur uske [[Newton's law of universal gravitation|law of universal gravitation]] ke banais rahaa. Ii sab niyam ek saathe dunia ke niche ke gire waala body aur dunia aur duusra ke motion ke samjhais rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;Ben-Chaim M. 2004. ''Experimental philosophy and the birth of empirical science: Boyle, Locke and Newton''. Aldershot: Ashgate. {{ISBN|0-7546-4091-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Kuchh century baad, [[Industrial Revolution]] bhais, aur vigyan me aur dher chij paawa gais rahaa. Classical bhutik vigyan ke niyam uu chij jon shire cjale hae aur dher chhota nai hae, ke samjhaawa jaae sake hae. Jab vigyanik [[qantum meuchanics]] ke pahila dafe adhyan kare rahin, tab uu log ke nawaa niyam ke banae ke parraa rahaa, jon aadhmik bhautik vigyan ke suruu rahaa.

=== Aadhmik bhautik vigyan ===
Jab vigyanik chhota-chhota  particles ke adhyan karin tab uu logan paain ki kon chij ke  classical mechanics explain nai kare paawat rahaa. Classical  mechanics ii predict karis rahaa ki [[speed of light]] badle hae, lekin experiments dekhais ki speed of light nai badle hae. Iske  [[Albert Einstein]] ke theory of [[special relativity]] predict karis rahaa. Einstein ii predict karis rahaa ki  [[electromagnetic radiation]] ke speed empty space me nai badle hae. Uske ii  [[space-time]] ke view puraana idea ki space aur time ek duusre se separate hae, ke replace karis. 

[[Max Planck]], [[quantum mechanics]] ke kaam me laae ke ii samjhais ki  [[Photoelectric effect|sab dhaatu (metal)  electrons ke release kare hae jab uspe batti chamkaawa jaawe hae]], aur kaaheke [[Black-body radiation|matter radiation ke emit kare hae]]. Quantum mechanics chhota-chhota chij, jaise  electrons, protons, aur neutrons ke apply kare hae, jisse ek [[atom]] banaa rahe hae. Log, jaise [[Werner Heisenberg]], [[Erwin Schrödinger]], aur [[Paul Dirac]]  quantum mechanics me kaam karte rahin aur aakhri me   [[Standard Model]] bhais.&lt;ref&gt;Einstein, Albert and Infeld, Leopold 1938. ''The evolution of physics: from early concept to relativity and quanta''. Cambridge University Press. A non-mathematical account.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Feynman R.P; Leighton R.B. &amp; Sands M. 1963. ''The Feynman Lectures on Physics''. 1. {{ISBN|0-201-02116-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Jaana-maana bhautik vigyanik==
{{div col|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Galileo Galilei]] (1564–1642)
*[[Christiaan Huygens]] (1629–1695)
*[[Isaac Newton]] (1643–1727)
*[[Leonhard Euler]] (1707–1783)
*[[Joseph Louis Lagrange]] (1736–1813)
*[[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] (1749–1827)
*[[Joseph Fourier]] (1768–1830)
*[[Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot]] (1796–1842)
*[[William Rowan Hamilton]] (1805–1865)
*[[Rudolf Clausius]] (1822–1888)
*[[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1831–1879)
*[[J. Willard Gibbs]] (1839–1903)
*[[Ludwig Boltzmann]] (1844–1906)
*[[Hendrik A. Lorentz]] (1853–1928)
*[[Henri Poincaré]] (1854–1912)
*[[Nikola Tesla]] (1856–1943)
*[[Max Planck]] (1858–1947)
*[[Albert Einstein]] (1879–1955)
*[[Milutin Milanković]] (1879–1958)
*[[Emmy Noether]] (1882–1935)
*[[Max Born]] (1882–1970)
*[[Niels Bohr]] (1885–1962)
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]] (1887–1961)
*[[Louis de Broglie]] (1892–1987)
*[[Satyendra Nath Bose]] (1894–1974)
*[[Wolfgang Pauli]] (1900–1958)
*[[Enrico Fermi]] (1901–1954)
*[[Werner Heisenberg]] (1901–1976)
*[[Paul Dirac]] (1902–1984)
*[[Eugene Wigner]] (1902–1995)
*[[Robert Oppenheimer]] (1904–1967)
*[[Sin-Itiro Tomonaga]] (1906–1979)
*[[Hideki Yukawa]] (1907–1981)
*[[John Bardeen]] (1908–1991)
*[[Lev Landau]] (1908–1967)
*[[Anatoly Vlasov]] (1908–1975)
*[[Nikolay Bogolyubov]] (1909–1992)
*[[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] (1910–1995)
*[[John Archibald Wheeler]] (1911–2008)
*[[Richard Feynman]] (1918–1988)
*[[Julian Schwinger]] (1918–1994)
*[[Feza Gürsey]] (1921–1992)
*[[Chen Ning Yang]] (1922– )
*[[Freeman Dyson]] (1923–2020 )
*[[Gunnar Källén]] (1926–1968)
*[[Abdus Salam]] (1926–1996)
*[[Murray Gell-Mann]] (1929– )
*[[Riazuddin (physicist)|Riazuddin]] (1930– )
*[[Roger Penrose]] (1931– )
*[[George Sudarshan]] (1931– )
*[[Sheldon Glashow]] (1932– )
*[[Tom W. B. Kibble]] (1932– )
*[[Steven Weinberg]] (1933– )
*[[Gerald Guralnik]] (1936–)
*[[Sidney Coleman]] (1937–2007)
*[[C. R. Hagen]] (1937–)
*[[Ratko Janev]] (1939– )
*[[Leonard Susskind]] (1940– )
*[[Michael Berry (physicist)|Michael Berry]] (1941– )
*[[Bertrand Halperin]] (1941–)
*[[Stephen Hawking]] (1942–2018 )
*[[Alexander Markovich Polyakov|Alexander Polyakov]] (1945–)
*[[Gerardus 't Hooft]] (1946– )
*[[Jacob Bekenstein]] (1947–)
*[[Robert Laughlin]] (1950–)
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Duusra websites ==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://physics.webplasma.com/physicstoc.html Physics For Beginners] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224215352/http://physics.webplasma.com/physicstoc.html |date=2010-12-24 }}
* [http://www.physicisttv.com/ PhysicistTv] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115132645/http://www.physicisttv.com/ |date=2010-11-15 }}.

[[Category:Bhautik vigyan| ]]</text>
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    <title>Johannes Heesters</title>
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      <text bytes="2291" sha1="6kdgsu6uy49e43zmvm77wp0v696pu3v" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Person
| name        = Johannes Heesters
| image       = Johannes Heesters.jpg
| caption     = Heesters in March 2006
| birth_date  = {{birth date and age|1903|12|5}}
| birth_place =  Amersfoort, [[Netherlands]]
| job  = [[Singer]] and [[actor]]
| yearsactive = 1917–present
| salary      = 
| networth    = $65,000,000
| spouse      = Simone Rethel (1991)
| website     = [http://www.johannes-heesters.de www.johannes-heesters.de]
| footnotes   = Won 19 Bambi-awards
}}
'''Johannes Heesters''' (janam: [[5 December]] [[1903]]) ek [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[abhineta]], [[gawaiya]], aur [[entertainer]] hae. 

[[File:Young Heesters.png|200px|left|thumb|Heesters, 1919 me 16 saal ke umar me]]

Uu 91 saal se jaada time se [[German bhasa]] waala jagha me kaam kare hae. April 2011 me, Heesters  dunia bhar me entertainment industry me kaam kae waala log me se sab se budha banaa. Kuch log ii baad se khusi nai hae ki uu ek dafe  [[Adolf Hitler]] ke khati bhi gaais rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pollock 2008&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Pollock | first=Mark | title=Anger at concert by Hitler singer, 104 - Europe, World - The Independent | website=independent.co.uk | date=8 December 2008 | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/anger-at-concert-by-hitler-singer-104-783550.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208094109/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/anger-at-concert-by-hitler-singer-104-783550.html | archive-date=8 December 2008 | url-status=dead | access-date=10 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Heesters ke dui dafe saadi bhaes: 1930 se 1985 talak uu [[Belgium|Belgian]] actress, Louise Ghijs ([[1906]]) aur 1991-se abhi talak [[Simone Rethel]] se saadi karis rahaa. Heesters ke lage dui larrki hae, uske pahila saadi se, aur paanch naati potaa aur 11 parotaa aur 5 par parpota hae aur ek par par parpota hae.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Duusra websites==
*[http://www.johannes-heesters.de/ Official website] (in German)
*[http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=1202 Postcards and tobacco cards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316072429/http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=1202 |date=2009-03-16 }}

{{BD|1903||Heesters, Johannes}}

[[Category:Netherlands ke log]]
[[Category:Abhineta]]
[[vibhag:Gawaiya]]


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      <comment>MBq moved panna [[sadasya ke baat:Nico166768]] se [[sadasya ke baat:Prumpi]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Nico166768|Nico166768]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Prumpi|Prumpi]]&quot;</comment>
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-- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 18:17, 18 November 2017 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>2018</title>
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      <comment>/* Ghatna */</comment>
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'''2018''' (MMXIIX) ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon [[:wikt:sombaar|sombaar]] ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  [[3rd millennium]] aur [[21st century]] 18th saal rahaa,  aur  [[2010s]] dassak ke 9th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2074-2075, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1939-1940, Kali Yuga ke 5118-5119, Buddhist calendar ke 2562, Islamic calendar ke 1439-1440, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 550 saal rahaa. 

== Ghatna ==
[[13 March]] - Human rights wakiil,  [[Aman Ravindra Singh]] ke FIji Labour Party ke, 2018 election ke khatir, leader banaawa gais.
* [[15 July]] - 19th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Russia]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[France]], [[Croatia]] ke 4-2 se harais rahaa.

== Janam ==
[[File:New_Zealand_Prime_Minister_Jacinda_Ardern_in_2018.jpg|left|80px|thumb|Arden]]
* [[21 June]] - [[ New Zealand]] ke Prime Minister, [[Jacinda Arden]] ek larrki, '''Neve Te Aroha Arden Gayford''', ke janam [[Auckland]] City Hospital me diis. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44557527|website=BBC|title=Jacinda Ardern baby: New Zealand PM gives birth to girl|access-date=4 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maut ==
[[11 July]] - [[Shaukat Ali Sahib]], jon ke ek sikchhak rahaa aut Fiji me dui secondary school ke suruu karis rahaa.

== Chhutti aur teohaar ==
* [[1 January]] - Fiji me '''Nawaa Saal''' ke chhutti rahaa&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;&gt;[https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/fiji/2018]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[30 March]] - Fiji me '''Good Friday''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[31 March]] - Fiji me '''Easter Saturday''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[2 April]] - Fiji me '''Easter Monday''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[22 June]] - Fiji me '''National Sports Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[7 September]] - Fiji me '''Constitution Day''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[10 October]] - Fiji me '''Fiji Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[7 November]] - Fiji me '''Diwali''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[14 November]] - Fiji me '''General Election''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[20 November]] - Fiji me '''Prophet Mohammed ke birthday''' khatir chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[25 December]] - Fiji me '''Barraa Din''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[26 December]] - Fiji me '''Boxing Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[22 April]] - [[7 May]] - First term ke chhutti suruu bhais &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays2&quot;&gt;[https://www.facebook.com/MOEFIJI/photos/2018-school-term-dates/912149525586773/]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[12 August]] - [[27 August]] - Second term ke chhutti suruu bhais&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays2&quot;/&gt;
* [[25 November]] - [[15 January]] [[2017]] - Third term ke chhutti suruu bhais&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays2&quot;/&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

{{Template:YEARS}}

[[Category:2018| ]]</text>
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    <title>2022</title>
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{{commons|Category:2022}}

'''2022''' (MMXXII) ek sadhaaran saal hai, jon ki [[wikt:sanchar|sanichar]] ke roj suruu bhais rahaa. Ii  [[3rd millennium]] aur [[21st century]] 22nd saal rahaa,  aur  [[2020s]] dassak ke 3rd saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2078-2079, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1943-1944, Kali Yuga ke 5122-5123, Islamic calendar ke 1443-1444, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 554 saal rahaa. 

== Ghatna ==
* [[16 December]] - 19th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Qatar]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Argentina]], [[France]] ke 4-2 se harais rahaa.
* [[24 December]] - [[Sitiveni Rabuka]], Fiji ke 12th Pradhan Mantri chuna gais.

== Chhutti aur Teohaar ==
* [[1 January]] - Fiji me '''Nawaa Saal''' ke chhutti rahaa&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;&gt;[https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/fiji/2022 List of Holidays in Fiji in 2022]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[15 April]] - Fiji me '''Good Friday''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[16 April]] - Fiji me '''Easter Saturday''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[18 April]] - Fiji me '''Easter Monday''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[7 September]] - Fiji me '''Constitution Day''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[10 October]] - Fiji me '''Fiji Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[7 October]] - Fiji me '''Prophet Mohammed ke birthday''' khatir chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[25 October]] - Fiji me '''Diwali''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[14 December]] - Fiji me '''General Election''' ke khatir chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[25 December]] - Fiji me '''Barraa Din''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[26 December]] - Fiji me '''Barraa Din (in lieu)''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[27 December]] - Fiji me '''Boxing Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;

== Janam == 

== Maut ==

==References==
{{reflist}}

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  <page>
    <title>Catholic Church</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="92624" sha1="12vckohtk68b5ikg8zraqbdzc880fi9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Christian denomination
| icon               = Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg
| icon_width         = 25px
| icon_alt           = Emblem of the Holy See
| name               = Catholic Church
| native_name        = Ecclesia Catholica
| native_name_lang   = la
| image              = Saint Peter's Basilica facade, Rome, Italy.jpg
| imagewidth         = 300px
| alt                = Saint Peter's Basilica
| caption            = [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in Vatican City, the largest Catholic church building in the world
| abbreviation       = 
| main_classification = [[Catholicity|Catholic]]
| type               = 
| scripture          = [[Catholic Bible]]
| theology           = [[Catholic theology]]
| polity             = [[Episcopal polity|Episcopal]]&lt;ref name=Episcopal_Polity&gt;{{cite book|title=Notes of the Episcopal Polity of the Holy Catholic Church|last=Marshall|first=Thomas William|year=1844|location=London|publisher=Levey, Rossen and Franklin|id={{ASIN|1163912190|country=uk}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| governance         = [[Holy See]] and [[Roman Curia]]
| leader_title       = [[Pope]]
| leader_name        = {{incumbent pope}}
| fellowships_type   = [[Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites|Particular churches&lt;br/&gt;''sui iuris'']]
| fellowships        = [[Latin Church]] and 23 [[Eastern Catholic Churches]]
| fellowships_type1  = 
| fellowships1       = 
| division_type      = [[List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)|Dioceses]]
| division           = {{plainlist|
* Archdioceses: [[List of Catholic archdioceses|640]]
* Dioceses: [[List of Catholic dioceses (alphabetical)|2,851]]}}
| division_type1     = [[Parish in the Catholic Church|Parishes]]
| division1          = 221,700 approx.
| area               = [[Catholic Church by country|Worldwide]]
| language           = [[Ecclesiastical Latin]] and [[native languages]]
| liturgy            = [[Latin liturgical rites|Latin]] and [[Eastern Catholic liturgy|Eastern]]
| headquarters       = [[Vatican City]]
| founder            = {{Ubl | [[Jesus in Christianity|Jesus]], according to | [[Sacred tradition#In the Catholic and Orthodox churches|sacred tradition]]}}
| founded_date       = [[Christianity in the 1st century|1st century]]
| founded_place      = [[Judaea (Roman province)|Judaea]], [[Roman Empire]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RCC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Stanford|first=Peter|title=Roman Catholic Church|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/catholic/catholic_1.shtml|website=BBC Religions|publisher=BBC|access-date=1 February 2017|archive-date=6 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106083425/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/catholic/catholic_1.shtml|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Bokenkotter|2004|p=18}}
| separations        = {{plainlist|
*[[Protestantism]] 
*[[Old Catholic Churches]] 
*[[Independent Catholicism]]
*[[Sedevacantism]]}}
| members            = 1.28 billion according to World Christian Database (2024)&lt;ref name=&quot;WorldChristianDatabase&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.gordonconwell.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/01/Status-of-Global-Christianity-2024.pdf |title=Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050 |publisher=Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary |quote=Christian total  2,631,941,000, Catholic total  1,278,009,000 (48.6%) |access-date=23 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;1.39&amp;nbsp;billion according to [[Annuario Pontificio]] (2022)&lt;ref name=&quot;Yearbook_4/4/2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=The Pontifical Yearbook 2024 and the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae 2022 | website=L'Osservatore Romano | date=April 4, 2024 | url=https://www.osservatoreromano.va/it/news/2024-04/quo-077/pubblicati-l-annuario-pontificio-2024-e-l-annuarium-statisticum.html | language=it | access-date=April 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name= &quot;Vatican News_4/4/2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=New Church statistics reveal more Catholics, fewer vocations | website=[[Vatican News]] | date=April 4, 2024 | url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2024-04/vatican-central-statistical-office-church-pontifical-yearbook.html | language=en | access-date=2024-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702161125/https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2024-04/vatican-central-statistical-office-church-pontifical-yearbook.html |archive-date=2024-07-02 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ministers_type     = [[Hierarchy of the Catholic Church|Clergy]]
| ministers          = {{plainlist|
* [[Bishop in the Catholic Church|Bishops]]: 5,353
* [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|Priests]]: 407,730
* [[Deacon]]s: 50,150
* (2022)&lt;ref name=&quot;Yearbook_4/4/2024&quot;/&gt;
}}
| hospitals          = [[Catholic Church and health care|5,500]]&lt;ref name=&quot;World Development p.40&quot;&gt;Calderisi, Robert. ''Earthly Mission – The Catholic Church and World Development''; TJ International Ltd; 2013; p. 40&lt;/ref&gt;
| primary_schools    = [[Catholic school|95,200]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Vermont_winter&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Laudato Si|journal=Vermont Catholic|date=2016–2017|edition=Winter|volume=8|issue=4|page=73|url=http://www.onlinedigeditions.com/publication/index.php?i=365491&amp;m=&amp;l=&amp;p=1&amp;pre=&amp;ver=html5#{%22page%22:74,%22issue_id%22:365491}|access-date=19 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| secondary_schools  = 43,800
| website            = [https://www.vatican.va/ vatican.va]
}}
'''Catholic Church''', sab se barraa [[Isai Dharam|Isai]] church hae. Duniya bhar me 1 billion se jaada log iske member hae. Iske member log biswas kare hae ki [[Isu Masih]] ii Chucrch ke 2,000 saal pahile suruu karis rahaa. Chuch ke headquarters, [[Vatican City]] hae, jahaan Church ke leader, Pope rahe hae. duniya bhar ke aadha Catholic log [[South America]] merahe hae.

==Dunia bhar ke Catholics==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ '''Catholics ek-ek des me ketna hae'''
! Des
! Puura abaadi
! data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; | % Catholic
! data-sort-type=&quot;number&quot; | Catholic total
|- [[Central Asia]]
| {{flag|Afghanistan}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,928,987
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 0&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|work=[[Catholic News Agency]]|title=The leader of Afghanistan's Catholic community longs to return to the country |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/249728/the-leader-of-afghanistan-s-catholic-community-longs-to-return-to-the-country|access-date=24 August 2023|first=Andrea|last=Gagliarducci|date=29 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Albania}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,020,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 10%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.instat.gov.al/en/census/census-2011/census-data.aspx|title=Census Data - INSTAT|date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113172816/http://www.instat.gov.al/en/census/census-2011/census-data.aspx |access-date=2 July 2022|archive-date=13 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 302,000
|- [[North Africa]]
| {{flag|Algeria}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,531,853
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.14%&lt;ref name=&quot;rm&quot;&gt;[[Mary-Jane Deeb|Deeb, Mary Jane]]. &quot;Religious minorities&quot; ''Algeria (Country Study)''. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress; Helen Chapan Metz, ed. December 1993. ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]]''.[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/about.html]&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45,000
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Andorra}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 88.2%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61,740
|- [[Southern Africa]]
| {{flag|Angola}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35,121,734
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 41.1%&lt;ref name=&quot;CensoAO&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Angolan Population Census 2014 | url=https://www.ine.gov.ao/Arquivos/arquivosCarregados/Carregados/Publicacao_637981512172633350.pdf | date=March 2016 | language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;–50%&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper|title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2015|website=2009-2017.state.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;–55%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|year=2015|title=Introduction - Religions in Angola: History, Gender and Politics
|publisher=[[Queen's University Belfast]]|url=https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/17157569/SSM_Introduction_Angola_2015.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;–56.4%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2015|title=Angola|access-date=18 May 2020|publisher=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]]|url=http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_7_1.asp|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030191322/https://thearda.com/internationalData/Countries/Country_7_1.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;–60%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=idw0DQAAQBAJ&amp;q=60%25+Angola+Catholic&amp;pg=PA69|page=69|last=Joseph|first=Paul|isbn=9781483359885|publisher=SAGE Publications|year=2016|title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,500,000–20,000,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2013/02/igrejas-evangelicas-competem-com-a-catolica-em-angola.html|last=Presse|first=France|title=Igrejas evangélicas competem com a católica em Angola|date=7 February 2013|publisher=[[G1 (website)|G1]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- [[North America]]
| {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 84,816
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 5.5%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://redatam.org/binatg/RpWebEngine.exe/Portal?BASE=ATGPHC2011&amp;lang=ENG|title= Antigua and Barbuda (2011 census)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,752
|- [[South America]]
| {{flag|Argentina}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,300,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 48.9%&lt;ref name=&quot;statista22&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Catholicism and evangelism: the two most common religions in Latin America|url=https://es.statista.com/grafico/28553/las-religiones-mas-comunes-en-latinoamerica/|work=Statista|date=26 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;–62.9%&lt;ref&gt;South America: Argentina - 
The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency cia.gov 27 April 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;–63%&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ceil-conicet.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ii25-2encuestacreencias.pdf Segunda Encuesta Nacional Sobre Creencias y Actitudes Religiosas en Argentina 2019], Ceil-conicet.gov.ar&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Latinobarometro Informe 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;–63.3%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.latinobarometro.org/latOnline.jsp|title=Latinobarómetro Database|website=Latinobarometro.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;–66%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23,100,000–31,200,000
|- [[Caucasus]]
| {{flag|Armenia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,018,854
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.3%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://armstat.am/file/article/sv_03_13a_520.pdf|title= Armenia (2011 census)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,695
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Australia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,380,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 20.0%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/AUS/download/GCP_AUS.xlsx|format=XLSX|title=Australian Bureau of Statistics : 2021 Census of Population and Housing : General Community Profile|website=Abs.gov.au|access-date=2 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,076,000
|- [[Central Europe]]
| {{flag|Austria}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,185,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 50.6%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,640,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.katholisch.at/statistik |title=Statistics|work= Catholic Church Austria}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- [[Caucasus]]
| {{flag|Azerbaijan}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,581,400
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.03%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,574
|- [[Caribbean]]
| {{flag|Bahamas}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 330,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 12%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,600
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Bahrain}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 800,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 8.9%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71,200
|- [[South Asia]]
| {{flag|Bangladesh}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 158,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.07% 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 110,000&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
|- [[Caribbean]]
| {{flag|Barbados}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 250,012
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 4.2%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,000
|- [[Eastern Europe]]
| {{flag|Belarus}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,500,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 7.1%&lt;ref name=mfa&gt;{{cite web|title=Religion and denominations in the Republic of Belarus|url=http://www.mfa.gov.by/upload/pdf/religion_eng.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|access-date=17 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014085840/http://www.mfa.gov.by/upload/pdf/religion_eng.pdf|archive-date=14 October 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 674,500
|- [[Western Europe]]
| {{flag|Belgium}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,200,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 44%&lt;ref name=&quot;EB2021&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/s2237_95_2_516_eng?locale=en|via=[[European Data Portal]] (see Volume C: Country/socio-demographics: BE: Question D90.2.)|title=Special Eurobarometer 516 : European citizens' knowledge and attitudes towards science and technology|publisher=[[European Union]]: [[European Commission]]|date=September 2021|access-date=20 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;–57.1%&lt;ref name=EB2018/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,000,000–6,500,000
|- [[Central America]]
| {{flag|Belize}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 334,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 40%&lt;ref name=&quot;belize2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://belize.com/belize-demographics/|title=Belize Demographics Country Profile &amp;#124; With Belize Census Data|website=Belize.com|access-date=2 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 133,600
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Benin}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,460,025
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 26.6%&lt;ref name=clerus.org&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm|title= Data|publisher=[[Congregation for the Clergy]]|access-date=2 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,984,366
|- [[South Asia]]
| {{flag|Bhutan}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,232,291
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.06%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,339
|- [[South America]]
| {{flag|Bolivia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,500,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 70%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1066911/religious-affiliation-in-bolivia/ | title=Religion affiliation in Bolivia as of 2018, by type | date=29 April 2020 | first=Marina | last=Pasquali | publisher=statista.com | access-date=8 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;–73%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro /&gt;–77%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Latin&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,980,000
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,531,159
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 15.19%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224103940/http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 536,333
|- [[Southern Africa]]
| {{flag|Botswana}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,640,115
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 4.9%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80,365
|- [[South America]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 210,600,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 50%&lt;ref name=&quot;2020estimate&quot;&gt;
[https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2020/01/13/50percent-dos-brasileiros-sao-catolicos-31percent-evangelicos-e-10percent-nao-tem-religiao-diz-datafolha.ghtml - 50% dos brasileiros são católicos, 31%, evangélicos e 10% não têm religião, diz Datafolha. 2020] Retrieved February 7, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;–54%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro /&gt;–54.7%&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Catholicism and evangelism: the two most common religion in Latin America&quot; Statista 26 October 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;–58.1%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Religion affiliation in Brazil as of 2018, by type
|publisher=[[Statista]]|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1066928/religious-affiliation-in-brazil/}}&lt;/ref&gt;–61%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Latin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2014/11/13/religion-in-latin-america|title=Religion in Latin America|date=13 November 2014|publisher=[[Pew Forum]]|access-date=2018-07-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;–64.6%&lt;ref&gt;[https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/reinaldo/o-ibge-e-a-religiao-cristaos-sao-86-8-do-brasil-catolicos-caem-para-64-6-evangelicos-ja-sao-22-2/ O IBGE e a religião — Cristãos são 86,8% do Brasil; católicos caem para 64,6%; evangélicos já são 22,2%] [[Reinaldo Azevedo]] in [[Veja (magazine)|Veja]]&lt;/ref&gt;–65.0%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2013/02/13/the-global-catholic-population|title=The Global Catholic Population|date=2013-02-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;-70.57%&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brazil {{!}} World Religion |url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=31c |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=www.thearda.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 105,300,000–134,000,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2013/03/america-latina-abriga-40-dos-catolicos-do-mundo.html|title=América Latina abriga 40% dos católicos do mundo|first=France|last=Presse|date=13 March 2013|website=Mundo}}&lt;/ref&gt;–140,000,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gaudiumpress.org/content/24332-mexico-e-o-segundo-pais-com-mais-catolicos-no-mundo-informam-dados-oficiais-mexicanos/|title=México é o segundo país com mais católicos no mundo, informam dados oficiais mexicanos|date=10 March 2011|website=Gaudium Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catracalivre.com.br/viagem-livre/importancia-do-turismo-religioso-pelo-mundo/|title=A importância do turismo religioso pelo mundo|date=9 July 2017|website=Catraca Livre}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- [[Southeast Asia]]
| {{flag|Brunei}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 372,361
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 5%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38,709
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Bulgaria}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,519,789
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.6%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nsi.bg/sites/default/files/files/pressreleases/Census2021_ethnos.pdf|title= Bulgaria (2021 census)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37,251
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Burkina Faso}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,925,313
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 20.1%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.aib.media/2022/07/01/burkina-481-de-la-population-du-sud-ouest-pratique-lanimisme-officiel/|title=Burkina Faso (2019 census)|access-date=28 December 2022|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326030716/https://www.aib.media/2022/07/01/burkina-481-de-la-population-du-sud-ouest-pratique-lanimisme-officiel/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,121,536
|- [[East Africa]]
| {{flag|Burundi}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 62.1%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,440,000
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Cabo Verde}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 512,096
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 77.3%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 395,850
|- [[Southeast Asia]]
| {{flag|Cambodia}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,607,069
| align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;0.1% 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | &lt;10,000&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
|- [[Central Africa]]
| {{flag|Cameroon}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 33.1%&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Cameroon |date=2024-08-28 |work=The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cameroon/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date=2021-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110023649/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cameroon/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;–38.4%&lt;ref name=&quot;FACTBOOK&quot; /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,300,000
|- [[North America]]
| {{flag|Canada}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,769,890&lt;ref&gt;http://www.cbc.ca and infostats@statcan.gc.ca (2024)&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 29.9&lt;ref name=&quot;religion2021d&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&amp;GENDERlist=1,2,3&amp;STATISTIClist=1,4&amp;DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&amp;HEADERlist=0&amp;SearchText=Canada |title=Religions in Canada—Census 2021 |date=October 26, 2022 |publisher=Statistics Canada/Statistique Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,189,931
|- [[Central Africa]]
| {{flag|Central African Republic}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,799,897
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 29%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2016|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2016&amp;dlid=268630|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=29 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 949,974
|- [[Central Africa]]
| {{flag|Chad}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 20%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK /&gt;–22.8%&lt;ref name=pewchad&gt;[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/chad/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=2010 Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project: Chad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216202531/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/chad/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=2010 |date=16 December 2013}}. [[Pew Research Center]]. 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,520,000
|- [[South America]]
| {{flag|Chile}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 42%&lt;ref name=&quot;Encuesta&quot;&gt;[https://encuestabicentenario.uc.cl/wp-content//uploads/2022/01/Encuesta-Bicentenario-2021-Religion.pdf &quot;Encuesta Nacional Bicentenario 2021: Religión&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;–45%&lt;ref&gt;[https://encuestabicentenario.uc.cl/resultados/ &quot;Encuesta Nacional Bicentenario 2019: Religión&quot;], Encuestabicentenario.uc.cl&lt;/ref&gt;–52.6%&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Catholicism and evangelism the two most common religions in Latin America&quot; Statista 26 October 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;–55%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://plazapublica.cl/wp-content/uploads/658799.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207182725/http://plazapublica.cl/wp-content/uploads/658799.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;–64%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Latin&quot;/&gt;–66.6%&lt;ref&gt;8 236 900 out of 12 366 108 people over 15 years of age. {{cite web|title=Population 15 years of age or older, by religion, region, sex and age groups. (censused population) |url=http://www.censo.cl/cuadros/censada/Cuadro06_1.xls |work=Censo 2012 |access-date=1 March 2014 |language=es |format=.xls |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301095110/http://www.censo.cl/cuadros/censada/Cuadro06_1.xls |archive-date=1 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,100,000–9,468,000–12,000,000
|- [[East Asia]]
| {{flag|China}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,400,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.43%–0.7%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,000,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/ndhf/37884/Document/1626520/1626520.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508020010/http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/ndhf/37884/Document/1626520/1626520.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-05-08|title=《中国保障宗教信仰自由的政策和实践》白皮书（全文）|date=2018-04-03|access-date=2020-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;–12,000,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-49494016|publisher=[[BBC]]|title=Chinese Catholic bishop ordained with Pope's approval|date=28 August 2019|access-date=28 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- [[South America]]
| {{flag|Colombia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 70.9%&lt;ref name=&quot;Colombia1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/10780/1/Del%20monopolio%20cat%C3%B3lico%20a%20la%20explosi%C3%B3n%20pentecostal.pdf |title=Del monopolio católico a la explosión pentecostal' |first1=Beltrán |last1=Cely |first2=William |last2=Mauricio |year=2013 |publisher=Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Centro de Estudios Sociales (CES), Maestría en Sociología |language=es |isbn=978-958-761-465-7 |page=101 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327173229/http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/10780/1/Del%20monopolio%20cat%C3%B3lico%20a%20la%20explosi%C3%B3n%20pentecostal.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Colombia2&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/8486/1/williammauriciobeltran.2011.pdf|title=Descripción cuantitativa de la pluralización religiosa en Colombia|first1=Beltrán|last1=Cely|first2=William|last2=Mauricio|journal=Universitas Humanística|volume=73|year=2012|pages=201–238|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329185722/http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/8486/1/williammauriciobeltran.2011.pdf|archive-date=29 March 2014}} Based on a 2010 survey in &quot;major 
cities throughout the country, many mid-size cities, and the rural region of Uraba&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;–73%&lt;ref name=&quot;latinobarometro&quot;&gt;[http://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/site/artic/20180112/asocfile/20180112124342/f00006494_religion_chile_america_latina_2017.pdf Latinobarometro], Cooperativa.cl, retrieved 8 February 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;–75%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/vida-de-hoy/religion/informe-de-latinobarometro-sobre-el-catolicismo-en-america-latina_13842815-4|title=Fieles católicos caen 13 por ciento en A. Latina entre 1995 y el 2014|work=eltiempo.com|date=16 April 2014|access-date=14 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;–79%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Latin&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=CIA&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/colombia/ |title=CIA – The World Factbook – Colombia |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=27 April 2020 |archive-date=18 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618105825/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/colombia/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34,000,000–37,900,000
|- [[East Africa]]
| {{flag|Comoros}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 800,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.2%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,600
|- [[Central Africa]]
| {{flag|Congo, Republic of}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,062,021
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 33.1%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK /&gt;–52.9%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2015|title=Congo, Republic of the|access-date=18 May 2020|publisher=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]]|url=http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_58_1.asp|archive-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022230535/https://thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_58_1.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,675,529–2,409,661
|- [[Central Africa]]
| {{flag|Congo, Democratic Republic of}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 109,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 45%&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Pope's Congo visit seeks to heal 'still bleeding' wounds, envoy says,&quot; Reuters.com/world/Africa/ 2023-01-22&lt;/ref&gt;–47.3%&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW10&quot; /&gt;–55%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=2015|title=Congo, Democratic Republic of the|access-date=18 May 2020|publisher=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]]|url=http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_57_1.asp|archive-date=11 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511034429/http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_57_1.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 49,000,000–60,000,000
|- [[Central America]]
| {{flag|Costa Rica}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,100,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 47%&lt;ref name=ciep&gt;{{cite news|last1=Murillo|first1=Alvaro|title=Encuesta CIEP-UCR evidencia a una Costa Rica estatista y menos religiosa|url=https://semanariouniversidad.com/pais/encuesta-ciep-ucr-evidencia-a-una-costa-rica-estatista-y-menos-religiosa/|access-date=8 July 2021|agency=Semanario Universidad|date=7 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://ciep.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/Informe-encuesta-MARZO6-2018.pdf Informe de Resultados de la Encuesta de Opinión Sociopolítica Realizada en Febrero de 2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107195838/https://ciep.ucr.ac.cr/sites/default/files/Informe-encuesta-MARZO6-2018.pdf |date=7 November 2020}} Publicado el 6 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;–57%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro/&gt;–62%&lt;ref name=PEWLAT /&gt;–71.8%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LkWoDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=71.8%25+Roman+Catholic+Costa+Rica&amp;pg=PA29|title=Costa Rica|first=Alicia Z.|last=Klepeis|publisher=Bellwether Media|year=2019|isbn=9781618915887}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9HmNDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=71.8%25+Roman+Catholic+Costa+Rica&amp;pg=PT987|title=The CIA World Factbook 2019-2020|author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|year=2019|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9781510750470}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Costa Rica|date=11 February 2022|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/costa-rica/|publisher=The World Factbook|quote=Roman Catholic 71.8%, Evangelical and Pentecostal 12.3%, other Protestant 2.6%, Jehovah's Witness 0.5%, other 2.4%, none 10.4%|access-date=18 March 2025|archive-date=11 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111084149/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/costa-rica/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,350,000–3,500,000
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Croatia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,872,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 83.2%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2021 Croatian census results |url=https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/u-hrvatskoj-je-po-popisu-stanovnistva-832-katolika-a-ne-789/2397558.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,240,000
|- [[North America]]
| {{flag|Cuba}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,163,934
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 51%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;–60%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127386.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130032011/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127386.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-11-30 |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2009: Cuba | date= October 2009| access-date=2010-07-16 | publisher=US State Department}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Cuba-2.pdf|title=CUBA 2017 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT|website=State.gov|access-date=2 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,000,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|quote=Of Cuba's 6 Million Catholics|publisher=[[Routledge]]|title=Covering Castro|year=2018|isbn=9781351294188|first=Jay|last=Mallin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7vZKDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=6+million+catholics+in+cuba&amp;pg=PT55}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Cyprus}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,100,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2.9%&lt;ref name=&quot;Cyprus&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/8B96E149FE049F49C2257AD90055559F/$file/POP_CEN_11-POP_FOREIGN_LANG_RELIG-EN-170615.xls?OpenElement |title=Population census of Cyprus |publisher=Statistical Service of Cyprus |access-date=28 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727083419/http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/8B96E149FE049F49C2257AD90055559F/$file/POP_CEN_11-POP_FOREIGN_LANG_RELIG-EN-170615.xls?OpenElement |archive-date=27 July 2015 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,000
|- [[Central Europe]]
| {{flag|Czech Republic}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,524,167
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 9.3%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.czso.cz/documents/142154812/176236044/sldb2021_pv_obyvatelstvo_podle_cirkvi_a_kraju.xlsx|title=Czechia (2021 census)|access-date=28 December 2022|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121163456/https://www.czso.cz/documents/142154812/176236044/sldb2021_pv_obyvatelstvo_podle_cirkvi_a_kraju.xlsx|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 985,318
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23,800,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ins.ci/n/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=19&amp;Itemid=27|title=Informations Générales sur la COTE D'IVOIRE|author=Administrator|access-date=14 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 21.4%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,093,000
|- [[Northern Europe]]
| {{flag|Denmark}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,630,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.7%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.katolsk.dk/1635/|title=katolsk.dk: The Catholic Church in Denmark|access-date=14 February 2015|archive-date=23 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823023404/http://www.katolsk.dk/1635/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 46,000
|- [[East Africa]]
| {{flag|Djibouti}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 476,703
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.2%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 953
|- [[Caribbean]]
| {{flag|Dominica}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71,540
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 58.1%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41,564
|- [[Caribbean]]
| {{flag|Dominican Republic}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,400,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 48%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro/&gt;–57%&lt;ref name=PEWLAT /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,992,000–5,928,000
|- [[Southeast Asia]]
| {{flag|East Timor}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,054,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 97.57%&lt;ref name=&quot;religion&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/3_2015-V2-Nationality-Citizenship-Religion.xls|title=Nationality, Citizenship, and Religion|date=25 October 2015|access-date=29 January 2020|publisher=Government of Timor-Leste|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714155507/http://www.statistics.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/3_2015-V2-Nationality-Citizenship-Religion.xls|archive-date=14 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,021,000
|- [[South America]]
| {{flag|Ecuador}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,223,680
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 69.5%&lt;ref name=&quot;statista22&quot;/&gt;–77.0%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro /&gt;–79%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Latin&quot;/&gt;–80.4%&lt;ref name=&quot;INEC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos|date=15 August 2012|title=INEC presenta por primera vez estadísticas sobre religión
|url=https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/inec-presenta-por-primera-vez-estadisticas-sobre-religion/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|publisher=According to a 2012 survey by the National Institute of Statistics and Census, the most recent government survey available, approximately 92 percent of the population professes a religious affiliation or belief. Of those, 80.4 percent is Roman Catholic; 11.3 percent evangelical Christian, including Pentecostals; and 1.3 percent Jehovah's Witnesses. Seven percent belongs to other religious groups|title=ECUADOR 2018 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT|url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ECUADOR-2018-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,265,523
|- [[Central Africa]]
| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,620,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 80.7%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,410,000
|- [[North Africa]]
| {{flag|Egypt}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77,505,756
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.1%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 187,320&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnewa.org/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat17.pdf |title=The Eastern Catholic Churches 2017 |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024215818/http://www.cnewa.org/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat17.pdf |archive-date=24 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- [[Central America]]
| {{flag|El Salvador}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 39%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro /&gt;–47%&lt;ref name=&quot;state2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2017: El Salvador |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2017&amp;dlid=281072 |website=State.gov |access-date=31 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;–50%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Latin&quot;/&gt; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,730,000–3,500,000
|- [[East Africa]]
| {{flag|Eritrea}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,561,599
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3.3%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 150,532
|- [[Northern Europe]]
| {{flag|Estonia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,332,893
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.8%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__usk/RL21454/table/tableViewLayout2|title= Estonia (2021 census)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,690
|- [[East Africa]]
| {{flag|Ethiopia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73,053,286
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.7%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 584,426
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Federated States of Micronesia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 104,468
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 52.6%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/federated-states-of-micronesia#/?affiliations_religion_id=26&amp;affiliations_year=2010&amp;region_name=All%20Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2016|title=Religions in the Federated States of Micronesia {{pipe}} PEW-GRF|publisher=Globalreligiousfutures.org|access-date=20 September 2017|archive-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910191432/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/federated-states-of-micronesia#/?affiliations_religion_id=26&amp;affiliations_year=2010&amp;region_name=All%20Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;–55%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|title=2019 Report on International Religious Freedom: Micronesia
|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-report-on-international-religious-freedom/micronesia/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60,000
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Fiji}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 893,354
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 9.1%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80,401
|- [[Northern Europe]]
| {{flag|Finland}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,451,270
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.2%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dhels.html|title=Helsinki (Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]|author=David M. Cheney|access-date=28 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=20313|title=Finland's tiny Catholic community expanding, will open new parish|access-date=28 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicworldreport.com/Blog/2906/bp_sippo_confirms_new_catholic_church_opening_in_may_in_kuopio_in_eastern_finland.aspx|title=Bp. Sippo confirms new Catholic church opening in May in Kuopio, in Eastern Finland|access-date=28 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,434
|- [[Western Europe]]
| {{flag|France}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66,600,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 47%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=September 2019|title=Special Eurobarometer 493, pages 229-230|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/SPECIAL/surveyKy/2251|journal=European Union: European Commission}}&lt;/ref&gt;–48%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=January 2019|title=État des lieux de la laïcité en France|url=http://www.institut-viavoice.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Etat-des-lieux-de-la-la%C3%AFcit%C3%A9-en-France.-Etude-Viavoice-pour-lObservatoire-de-la-la%C3%AFcit%C3%A9.pdf|journal=Observatoire de la Laïcité|access-date=9 November 2019|archive-date=10 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110171721/http://www.institut-viavoice.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Etat-des-lieux-de-la-la%C3%AFcit%C3%A9-en-France.-Etude-Viavoice-pour-lObservatoire-de-la-la%C3%AFcit%C3%A9.pdf|url-status=dead|archivedate=10 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110171721/http://www.institut-viavoice.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Etat-des-lieux-de-la-la%C3%AFcit%C3%A9-en-France.-Etude-Viavoice-pour-lObservatoire-de-la-la%C3%AFcit%C3%A9.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;–51%&lt;ref name=&quot;2016Montaigne-IFOP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.institutmontaigne.org/res/files/publications/a-french-islam-is-possible-report.pdf|title=A French Islam is possible|date=2016|publisher=Institut Montaigne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915201551/http://www.institutmontaigne.org/res/files/publications/a-french-islam-is-possible-report.pdf|archive-date=15 September 2017|page=13}}&lt;/ref&gt;–57%&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.reforme.net/actualite/societe/sondage-les-protestants-en-france-en-2017-1-qui-sont-les-protestants/ Les protestants en France en 2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019192134/https://www.reforme.net/actualite/societe/sondage-les-protestants-en-france-en-2017-1-qui-sont-les-protestants/ |date=19 October 2017}}'' Ipsos.&lt;/ref&gt;–60%&lt;ref name=&quot;2017PRC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/05/24150841/Full-Topline-FINAL-FOR-PUBLICATION.pdf|title=Being Christian in Western Europe|date=2018|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802131920/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/05/24150841/Full-Topline-FINAL-FOR-PUBLICATION.pdf|archive-date=2 August 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,300,000–44,000,000
|- [[Central Africa]]
| {{flag|Gabon}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,389,201
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 50%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 694,600
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Gambia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,593,256
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2.1%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,458
|- [[Caucasus]]
| {{flag|Georgia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,713,804
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.5%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf|title= Georgia (2014 census)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,569
|- [[Central Europe]]
| {{flag|Germany}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 84,400,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 24.0%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dbk.de/presse/aktuelles/meldung/kirchenstatistik-2023 |title=Kirchenstatistik 2023 |date=2022-06-28 |first=Deutsche|last=Bischofskonferenz|website=Deutsche Bischofskonferenz |access-date=28 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,346,000
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Ghana}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,792,608
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 10.0%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://census2021.statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/fileUpload/reportthemelist/2021%20PHC%20General%20Report%20Vol%203C_Background%20Characteristics_181121.pdf|title= Ghana (2021 census)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,079,261
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Greece}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,413,982&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Estimated Population and Migration Flows, 2023 |url=https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/de3e26f6-9b77-d2e5-2ca3-e13bcafe482a}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2.4%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 250,000&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Η Καθολική Εκκλησία στην Ελλάδα |date=23 December 2020 |url=https://cathecclesia.gr/%ce%b7-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b8%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae-%ce%b5%ce%ba%ce%ba%ce%bb%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%af%ce%b1-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b7%ce%bd-%ce%b5%ce%bb%ce%bb%ce%ac%ce%b4%ce%b1/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- [[Caribbean]]
| {{flag|Grenada}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89,502
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 44.6%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,917
|- [[Central America]]
| {{flag|Guatemala}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,773,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 43%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro /&gt;–45%&lt;ref name=&quot;GUATEMALA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2017: Guatemala |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2017&amp;dlid=281076 |website=State.gov |access-date=27 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;–50%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Latin&quot;/&gt; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,000,000
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Guinea}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,467,866
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2.6%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 246,164
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,416,027
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 8.9%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 126,026
|- [[South America]]
| {{flag|Guyana}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 746,955
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 7.1%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/download.php?file=93|title= Ghana (2021 census)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53,034
|- [[Caribbean]]
| {{flag|Haiti}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 54.7%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK /&gt;–56.7%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;–56.8%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/haiti#/?affiliations_religion_id=11&amp;affiliations_year=2010&amp;region_name=All+Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2015|title=Religions in Haiti {{pipe}} PEW-GRF|website=Globalreligiousfutures.org|access-date=14 May 2021|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929181606/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/haiti#/?affiliations_religion_id=11&amp;affiliations_year=2010&amp;region_name=All+Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,470,000
|- [[Central America]]
| {{flag|Honduras}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,800,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 37%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro/&gt;–46%&lt;ref name=PEWLAT/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,256,000–4,048,000
|- [[Central Europe]]
| {{flag|Hungary}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,877,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 29.2%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Population by religion and gender according to the 2001, 2011 and 2022 censuses|type=report with the detailed subdivisions of religious denominations|website=Census Database|url=https://nepszamlalas2022.ksh.hu/adatbazis/#/table/WBS008/N4IgFgpghgJiBcBtEAVAkgWQKIH0AKWASmgPIAiIAugDQgDOAljBAsgGoCCAMlxwMo42AJiq06EAMYAXBgHsAdq1QdCfAFJYeARlEgAZgwA2UiACc6CUAGsG8uPBAYoABxC0I8qaYYQLSdty8AsJu1rb2IHwQUm4gAG5QhgCuvkqEuADCsek4hFm0OQDi-SA5JIXZuCSEAKqVOCR89dUkzQBCzXUFVa3dOBkc9Vxdpbg1AHL1bYN92PUcFH0E85N9agDq9QBiJTkZvaM4avUYU_UAEs0ZZCJ94yQo9eODlAC-NMjo2PhEpIthdgQkWisQSyVSSBAQgADEJblDoVodLQYYiqO9qJ8VOpNFxkQCIlEYrQwSk_MhxlhvnwsAANWKnWhbdGUN6vIA===}}&lt;/ref&gt;–38.1%&lt;ref&gt;data for both Latin (37.2%) and Greek Catholic (1.9%) Churches in communion with Rome, Factbook CIA, Oct. 6, 2023 https://www.cia.gov&gt; the-world-factbook&lt;/ref&gt;–53.0%&lt;ref name=&quot;Special Eurobarometer 393&quot;&gt;''[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_393_en.pdf Special Eurobarometer 393 - Discrimination in the European Union in 2012]'' p. T98, T99 (233-234).&lt;/ref&gt;–56%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-affiliation/|title=Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe|date = 10 May 2017| publisher = Pew Research Center| access-date = 2017-09-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;–62%.&lt;ref name=&quot;EURO2019&quot;&gt;[https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/SPECIAL/surveyKy/2251 Special Eurobarometer 493, European Union: European Commission, September 2019, pages 229-230], Ec.europa.eu Retrieved 17 January 2020. The question asked was &quot;Do you consider yourself to be...?&quot; With a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox Christian, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim - Shia, Muslim - Sunni, Other Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, Non believer/Agnostic and Other. Also space was given for Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) and Don't Know. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist and Hindu did not reach the 1% threshold.&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,808,000–6,123,740
|- [[Northern Europe]]
| {{flag|Iceland}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 355,277
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3.9%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://icelandmag.is/article/icelanders-abandon-national-state-church-old-pagan-asatru-continues-grow|title=Icelanders abandon National State Church, as old pagan Ásatrú continues to grow|publisher=Iceland Magazine|access-date=13 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,799
|- [[South Asia]]
| {{flag|India}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,400,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.9%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;–1.5%&lt;ref&gt;James Roberts and Ellen Teague, &quot;COVID-19 fuels Dalit bias,&quot; TABLET, 2 May 2020, 24.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CatholicHierarchy&quot;&gt;{{Catholic-hierarchy|country|sc3|Statistics by Country|21 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,000,000–21,000,000
|- [[Southeast Asia]]
| {{flag|Indonesia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 270,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3.12%&lt;ref name=&quot;RELIGION&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.kemenag.go.id/agamadashboard/statistik/umat|title=Statistik Umat Menurut Agama di Indonesia|publisher=[[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]|date=15 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903221250/https://data.kemenag.go.id/agamadashboard/statistik/umat|archive-date=3 September 2020|access-date=24 September 2020|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;UCA News, Union of Catholic Asia News, directory@ucanews.com&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,424,000
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Iran}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85,202,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.02%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,603
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Iraq}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.35%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 133,000
|- [[Western Europe]]
| {{flag|Ireland}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,100,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 69%&lt;ref name=&quot;journal2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url = https://www.thejournal.ie/census-2022-population-cso-religion-6081108-May2023/ | website = thejournal.ie | title = Census 2022: Number who identify as Catholic falls by 10 percentage points to 69% | date = 30 May 2023 | accessdate = 30 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,500,000
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Israel}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,746,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1.2%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92,952
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Italy}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60,800,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 66.7%&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220421144408/https://www.uaar.it/doxa2019/]&lt;/ref&gt;-74%&lt;ref name=&quot;Ipsos2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.acli.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Cattolici-e-politica-analisi-Ipsos-novembre-2017.pdf|title=I cattolici tra presenza nel sociale e nuove domande alla politica|publisher=Ipsos MORI|date=17 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124122738/http://www.acli.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Cattolici-e-politica-analisi-Ipsos-novembre-2017.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124122738/http://www.acli.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Cattolici-e-politica-analisi-Ipsos-novembre-2017.pdf |date=24 January 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;–75%&lt;ref name=&quot;doxa&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.doxa.it/news/religiosita-e-ateismo-in-italia-nel-2014|title=Religiosità e ateismo in Italia nel 2014 - Doxa|website=Doxa.it|access-date=2025-03-18|archive-date=2017-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120193715/http://www.doxa.it/news/religiosita-e-ateismo-in-italia-nel-2014/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;–76.5%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://cronachelaiche.globalist.it/Detail_News_Display?ID=20167|title=Cattolici maggioranza in Italia?|publisher=cronachelaiche.globalist.it|date=14 May 2012|access-date=2 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115355/http://cronachelaiche.globalist.it/Detail_News_Display?ID=20167|archive-date=26 August 2014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;–78.9%&lt;ref name=EB2018&gt;{{cite book|title=Eurobarometer 90.4: Attitudes of Europeans towards Biodiversity, Awareness and Perceptions of EU customs, and Perceptions of Antisemitism|publisher=European Commission|url=https://zacat.gesis.org/webview/index.jsp?headers=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA7556_V11&amp;stubs=V204&amp;previousmode=table&amp;weights=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FZA7556_V412&amp;V204slice=1&amp;analysismode=table&amp;study=http%3A%2F%2F193.175.238.79%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FZA7556&amp;charttype=null&amp;gs=7&amp;V11slice=1&amp;V204subset=1+-+10%2C11%2C12+-+13%2C14&amp;mode=table&amp;top=yes|date= August 2019|via=[[GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences|GESIS]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;–81.7%&lt;ref name=&quot;spring2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pewglobal.org/dataset/spring-2016-survey-data/|title=Spring 2016 Survey Data {{!}} Pew Research Center|website=Pewglobal.org|date=February 2017 |pages=Questions Q109ITA and Q109ITAb|access-date=2017-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; |44,400,000–50,000,000
|- [[Caribbean]]
| {{flag|Jamaica}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,697,983
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2.2%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://statinja.gov.jm/Census/PopCensus/PopulationUsuallyResidentinJamaicabyParish.aspx|title= Jamaica (2011 census)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 59,356
|- [[East Asia]]
| {{flag|Japan}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 124,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.3%–&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt; 0.5%&lt;ref name=&quot;chy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/sc1.html|title=Statistics by Country, by Catholic Population [Catholic-Hierarchy]|website=Catholic-hierarchy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 372,000–620,000
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Jordan}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,759,732
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.4%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23,038
|- [[Central Asia]]
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,185,844
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.6%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 91,115
|- [[East Africa]]
| {{flag|Kenya}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,560,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 20.6%&lt;ref name=Census2019&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&amp;wpdmdl=5730&amp;ind=7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR |title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics
 |access-date=24 March 2020 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,816,000
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Kiribati}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 98,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 55.8%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK /&gt;–57.3%&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Kiribati Census 2015 |url=http://www.mfed.gov.ki/sites/default/files/2015%20Population%20Census%20Report%20Volume%201%28final%20211016%29.pdf |access-date=21 December 2018 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930092440/http://www.mfed.gov.ki/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Census-Report-2010-Volume-1.pdf |date=30 September 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 54,684
|- [[East Asia]]
| {{flag|Korea, North}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,912,177
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.01%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,291
|- [[East Asia]]
| {{flag|Korea, South}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 53,121,668
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 11.1%&lt;ref name=CBCK&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cbck.or.kr/Notice/20190453|title=Catholic Church in Korea Statistics 2019|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803192320/http://www.cbck.or.kr/Notice/20190453|archive-date=3 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,914,669
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Kosovo}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,739,825
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1.4%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/censuskb20/KnowledgebaseArticle10700.aspx|title=Kosovo (2011 census)|access-date=28 December 2022|archive-date=25 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925200735/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/censuskb20/KnowledgebaseArticle10700.aspx/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,837
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Kuwait}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,335,648
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 8.5%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 402,000
|- [[Central Asia]]
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,146,281
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.1%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,146
|- [[Southeast Asia]]
| {{flag|Laos}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,217,141
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.6%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37,302
|- [[Northern Europe]]
| {{flag|Latvia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,290,237
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 19.1%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 437,435
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Lebanon}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,800,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 28.8%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,382,400
|- [[Southern Africa]]
| {{flag|Lesotho}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,067,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 45.7%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;–49.4%&lt;ref name=Lesotho&gt;{{cite web|date=2015|title=Lesotho|access-date=18 May 2020|publisher=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]]|url=http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_130_1.asp|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811214132/https://thearda.com/internationalData/Countries/Country_130_1.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 946,000–1,052,237&lt;ref name=Lesotho/&gt;
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Liberia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,482,211
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 5.4%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 188,039
|- [[North Africa]]
| {{flag|Libya}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,765,563
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.7%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,358
|- [[Central Europe]]
| {{flag|Liechtenstein}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 69.6%&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statistikportal.li/de/themen/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstruktur ''Volkszählung 2020'', Bevölkerungsstruktur, retrieved 12 March 2025.]&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,000
|- [[Northern Europe]]
| {{flag|Lithuania}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,810,761
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 77.2%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=dadee47b-9204-48d2-a55e-e125d581f1b6#/|title= Lithuania (2021 census)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,085,340
|- [[Western Europe]]
| {{flag|Luxembourg}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 538,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 63.8%&lt;ref name=EB2018/&gt;–65.9%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 369,600
|- [[Southern Africa]]
| {{flag|Madagascar}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,040,341
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 29.5%&lt;ref name=clerus.org /&gt;–38.1%&lt;ref name=Madagascar&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/madagascar#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=2010&amp;region_name=All%20Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2015 |title=Religions in Madagascar {{pipe}} PEW-GRF |publisher=Globalreligiousfutures.org |access-date=20 September 2017 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109064122/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/madagascar#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=2010&amp;region_name=All%20Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2015 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,318,293–7,890,000&lt;ref name=Madagascar/&gt;
|- [[Southern Africa]]
| {{flag|Malawi}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,563,749
| align=&quot;center&quot;| 17.2%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|title=Malawi (2018 census)|access-date=2025-03-18|archive-date=2020-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608191931/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/2018%20Malawi%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,028,435
|- [[Southeast Asia]]
| {{flag|Malaysia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34,671,895
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 4.63%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Profiles {{!}} World Religion |url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=139c |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=www.thearda.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,570,000
|- [[South Asia]]
| {{flag|Maldives}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 349,106
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.02%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Mali}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,291,529
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1.5%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 189,289
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Malta}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 428,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 82.6%&lt;ref name=2021census&gt;[https://nso.gov.mt/wp-content/uploads/Census-of-Population-2021-volume1-final.pdf Census final report 2021]&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 361,372
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Marshall Islands}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 8.4%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,208
|- [[North Africa]]
| {{flag|Mauritania}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,086,859
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.1%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,086
|- [[Southern Africa]]
| {{flag|Mauritius}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,237,091
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 26.0%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://statsmauritius.govmu.org/English/CensusandSurveys/Documents/HPC/2011/HPC_TR_Vol2_Demography_Yr11.pdf|website=Statistics Mauritius|page=68|title=Resident population by religion and sex (2011 census)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 324,811
|- [[North America]]
| {{flag|Mexico}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 129,875,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 74%&lt;ref name=&quot;statista22&quot;/&gt;–77.7%&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Díaz Domínguez |first=Alejandro |date=February 1, 2021 |title=¿Qué nos dice el Censo 2020 sobre religión en México? |url=https://datos.nexos.com.mx/que-nos-dice-el-censo-2020-sobre-religion-en-mexico/ |access-date=2022-06-18 |website=Nexos |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; 78%&lt;ref&gt;CIA Factbook, Mexcio, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Mexico&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 96,101,000–100,912,000–101,302,000
|- [[Eastern Europe]]
| {{flag|Moldova}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,455,421
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.5%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,494
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Monaco}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36,371
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 82.3%&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW10&quot; /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,933
|- [[Central Asia]]
| {{flag|Mongolia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,791,272
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.04%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,116
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Montenegro}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 625,266
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3.4%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,299
|- [[North Africa]]
| {{flag|Morocco}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,725,847
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.07%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,908
|- [[Southern Africa]]
| {{flag|Mozambique}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19,406,703
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 27.2%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK/&gt;–28.4%&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW10&quot; /&gt;–30.5%&lt;ref name=&quot;DHS 2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12.pdf|title=Moçambique: Inquérito de Indicadores de Imunização, Malária e HIV/SIDA em Moçambique (IMASIDA), 2015|publisher=Ministério da Saúde &amp; Instituto Nacional de Estatística|language=pt|page=40|access-date=20 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,270,000–9,900,000
|- [[Southeast Asia]]
| {{flag|Myanmar}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42,909,464
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1.1%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 450,549
|- [[Southern Africa]]
| {{flag|Namibia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,030,692
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 22.8%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR298/FR298.pdf|title=Namibia : Demographic and Health Survey 2013|website=Dhsprogram.com|access-date=2 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 344,202
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Nauru}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,084
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 32.96%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |publisher=US Department of State |year=2003 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/24314.htm |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2003&amp;nbsp;– Nauru |access-date=2 May 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,324
|- [[South Asia]]
| {{flag|Nepal}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27,676,547
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.03%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,302
|- [[Western Europe]]
| {{flag|Netherlands}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 17%&lt;ref name=&quot;cbs2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/cijfers/detail/82904NED|date=2024-03-29|title=Religieuze betrokkenheid; persoonskenmerken |last=[[Statistics Netherlands|CBS]]|website=www.cbs.nl|language=nl|access-date=2024-03-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;–18.2%&lt;ref name=&quot;cbs2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2023/14/deel-bevolking-dat-bij-religieuze-groep-hoort-in-2022-niet-afgenomen|date=2023-04-07|title=Deel bevolking dat bij religieuze groep hoort in 2022 niet afgenomen|last=[[Statistics Netherlands|CBS]]|website=www.cbs.nl|language=nl|access-date=2023-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;–20.8%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ru.nl/kaski/onderzoek/cijfers-rooms/ |title=Cijfers Rooms-Katholieke Kerk |access-date=23 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,060,000–3,740,000
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|New Zealand}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,700,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 10.0%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights |title=Census 2018 results |access-date=5 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923102431/https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights |archive-date=23 September 2019 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 470,000
|- [[Central America]]
| {{flag|Nicaragua}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 40%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro/&gt;–50%&lt;ref name=PEWLAT /&gt;–55%&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.prolades.com/ The Latin American Socio-Religious Studies Program / Programa Latinoamericano de Estudios Sociorreligiosos (PROLADES)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112003048/http://www.prolades.com/ |date=12 January 2018}}, Prolades.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Census2005&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=CENSO DE POBLACIÓN 2005|url=http://www.inide.gob.ni/censos2005/ResumenCensal/Resumen2.pdf|website=Inide.gob.ni|access-date=4 April 2015|date=2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,400,000–3,000,000
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Niger}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,665,937
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.1%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,665
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Nigeria}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 230,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 10.6%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/#people-and-society | title=Nigeria | access-date=2025-03-18 | archive-date=2021-01-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109223449/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria#people-and-society | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;–12.6%&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW10&quot; /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,400,000–29,000,000
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|North Macedonia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,836,713
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.4%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Total resident population in the Republic of North Macedonia by religious affiliation and sex, Census 2021|url=https://makstat.stat.gov.mk/PXWeb/pxweb/en/MakStat/MakStat__Popisi__Popis2021__Naselenie/T1010P21.px/?rxid=46ee0f64-2992-4b45-a2d9-cb4e5f7ec5ef|access-date=27 December 2022|archive-date=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227224756/https://makstat.stat.gov.mk/PXWeb/pxweb/en/MakStat/MakStat__Popisi__Popis2021__Naselenie/T1010P21.px/?rxid=46ee0f64-2992-4b45-a2d9-cb4e5f7ec5ef|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,746
|- [[Northern Europe]]
| {{flag|Norway}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,060,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2.4%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/trosamf/|title=Trus- og livssynssamfunn utanfor Den norske kyrkja - SSB|access-date=14 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;–3.02%&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2018christiancommunities&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/en/kultur-og-fritid/statistikker/trosamf/aar/2019-12-03?fane=tabell&amp;sort=nummer&amp;tabell=405229|title=2019-12-03|website=Ssb.no|access-date=2 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 120,900
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Oman}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 4.1%&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW10&quot; /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 110,000
|- [[South Asia]]
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; |207,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.8%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,656,000
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Palau}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,661
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 46.0%&lt;ref name=&quot;census2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Palau |title=2015 Census of Population, Housing and Agriculture Tables |date=2015 |page=53 |url=https://palaugov.pw/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/2015-Census-of-Population-Housing-Agriculture-.pdf |access-date=5 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,124
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Palestine}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,761,904
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 80,000
|- [[Central America]]
| {{flag|Panama}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,500,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 55%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro/&gt;–63%&lt;ref name=2015survey&gt;{{Cite journal|date=December 2016|title=Segunda Encuesta Nacional de Hogares, Panama 2015|url=http://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/multimedia/2017/09/Encuesta-de-Hogares-2015-16-viii-17-publicaci%C3%B3n-digital.pdf|journal=Ministerio Público de la República de Panamá|access-date=24 December 2019|archive-date=18 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218081846/http://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/multimedia/2017/09/Encuesta-de-Hogares-2015-16-viii-17-publicaci%C3%B3n-digital.pdf|url-status=dead|archivedate=18 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218081846/http://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/multimedia/2017/09/Encuesta-de-Hogares-2015-16-viii-17-publicaci%C3%B3n-digital.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;–70%&lt;ref name=PEWLAT /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,925,000–2,400,000
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 26%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Koloma. Kele |first1=Roko. Hajily |title=PAPUA NEW GUINEA 2011 NATIONAL REPORT-NATIONAL STATISTICAL OFFICE |url=http://sdd.spc.int/en/resources/document-library?view=preview&amp;format=raw&amp;fileId=218 |website=sdd.spc.int |access-date=11 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812174041/http://sdd.spc.int/en/resources/document-library?view=preview&amp;format=raw&amp;fileId=218 |archive-date=12 August 2017 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,890,000
|- [[South America]]
| {{flag|Paraguay}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,800,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 88.3%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1067159/paraguay-religion-affiliation-share-type/|title=Religion affiliations in Paraguay 2020|website=Statista.com|access-date=2 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;–89%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Latin&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=latinobarometro/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,000,000
|- [[South America]]
| {{flag|Peru}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34,300,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 74%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro/&gt;–76%&lt;ref name=PEWLAT /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |page = 231 |website= Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,725,000 
|- [[Asia]]
| {{flag|Philippines}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 108,700,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/64465-100-millionth-filipino-born|title=Philippine population officially hits 100 million|work=Rappler|date=27 July 2014|access-date=14 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 78.8%&lt;ref name=&quot;PSAGovPH-2020Census-Religion&quot;&gt;{{Cite press release |last=Mapa |first=Dennis S. |date=February 22, 2023 |title=Religious Affiliation in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing) |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/religious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310184554/https://psa.gov.ph/content/religious-affiliation-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing |archive-date=March 10, 2023 |access-date=March 12, 2023 |website=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85,600,000
|- [[Central Europe]]
| {{flag|Poland}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38,496,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 71.1%&lt;ref name=&quot;nsp-2021&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://stat.gov.pl/spisy-powszechne/nsp-2021/nsp-2021-wyniki-ostateczne/tablice-z-ostatecznymi-danymi-w-zakresie-przynaleznosci-narodowo-etnicznej-jezyka-uzywanego-w-domu-oraz-przynaleznosci-do-wyznania-religijnego,10,1.html|title=Tablice z ostatecznymi danymi w zakresie przynależności narodowo-etnicznej, języka używanego w domu oraz przynależności do wyznania religijnego - NSP 2021 |date=28 September 2023|access-date=28 September 2023|publisher=[[Statistics Poland]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27,121,000
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Portugal}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,343,066&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://expresso.pt/sociedade/censos-2021/2022-11-23-Residentes-emigrantes-regressados-municipios-idosos-a-populacao-portuguesa-em-cinco-grandes-numeros-1b4cf05e|title=Residentes, emigrantes, regressados, municípios, idosos: a população portuguesa em cinco grandes números |publisher=Expresso |date=2022-11-23 |accessdate=2022-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 80.2%&lt;ref name=&quot;Censos2021&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/censos-2021-catolicos-diminuem-mas-ainda-sao-mais-de-80-dos-portugueses_n1449073|title=Censos 2021. Católicos diminuem, mas ainda são mais de 80% dos portugueses |publisher=RTP |date=2022-11-23 |accessdate=2022-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,043,016–8,260,000
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Qatar}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 863,051
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 10.5%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 350,000
|- [[Eastern Europe]]
| {{flag|Romania}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,329,977
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 4.7%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,787,408
|- [[Eastern Europe]]
| {{flag|Russia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 143,420,309
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.5%&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW10&quot; /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 717,101
|- [[East Africa]]
| {{flag|Rwanda}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 43.7%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://statistics.gov.rw/system/files/user_uploads/files/books/RPHC4_Socio_cultural_characteristics_population.pdf|title=Census 2012|work=Rwanda Census Office|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319060208/http://statistics.gov.rw/system/files/user_uploads/files/books/RPHC4_Socio_cultural_characteristics_population.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;–49.5%&lt;ref name=Rwanda&gt;{{cite web|title=Religions in Rwanda - PEW-GRF|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/rwanda#/?affiliations_religion_id=26&amp;affiliations_year=2010&amp;region_name=All%20Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2016|access-date=7 June 2020|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103215539/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/rwanda#/?affiliations_religion_id=26&amp;affiliations_year=2010&amp;region_name=All%20Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,807,000
|- [[Caribbean]]
| {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 6.7%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,400
|- [[Caribbean]]
| {{flag|Saint Lucia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 165,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 61.3%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 101,500
|- [[Caribbean]]
| {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 106,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 7.5%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,950
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Samoa}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 179,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 19.6%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35,084
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|San Marino}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,500
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 90.5%&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW10&quot;/&gt;–97%&lt;ref name=&quot;CIASANMARINO&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/|title=People of San Marino|work=[[CIA World Fact Book]]|access-date=1 November 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112213547/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/ |date=12 January 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,412
|- [[Central Africa]]
| {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 163,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 73.5%&lt;ref name=clerus.org /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 119,805
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26,417,599
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2.5%–3.8%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK/&gt;–7%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&amp;art=1436|title=A catacomb Church? Perhaps, but one that is alive and well . . . and universal|website=Asianews.it|access-date=2025-03-18|archive-date=2019-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424130728/http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 660,439–1,300,000
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Senegal}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,126,832
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 3.5%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 389,439
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Serbia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,120,600
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 6.1%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 433,167
|- [[East Africa]]
| {{flag|Seychelles}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 93,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 76.2%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nsb.gov.sc/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Population_and_Housing_Census_2010_Report.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-04-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514112130/http://www.nsb.gov.sc/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Population_and_Housing_Census_2010_Report.pdf |archive-date=14 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70,866
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Sierra Leone}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,017,643
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2.9%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 174,511
|- [[Southeast Asia]]
| {{flag|Singapore}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,052,486
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 6.7%&lt;ref name=&quot;Singapore Census 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/visualising_data/infographics/c2020/c2020-religion.pdf |title=Census of Population 2020: Religion |website=Department of Statistics Singapore |access-date=25 June 2021 |date=16 June 2021 |archive-date=22 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022053824/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/visualising_data/infographics/c2020/c2020-religion.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 398,006
|- [[Central Europe]]
| {{flag|Slovakia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,450,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 55.8%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title =Roman Catholics represents 56% of the population | publisher = Statistical Office of the SR |year=2022 | url =https://www.scitanie.sk/en/roman-catholics-represents-56-percent-of-the-population | access-date = January 23, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,038,511
|- [[Central Europe]]
| {{flag|Slovenia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,116,972
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 69.92%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://katoliska-cerkev.si/letno-porocilo-katoliske-cerkve-v-sloveniji-2020|title=Slovenian Catholic Church official report for 2019|publisher=Slovenian Catholic Church|access-date=31 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Prebivalstvo in katoličani v Sloveniji (page 72)|url=https://katoliska-cerkev.si/media/datoteke/Dokumenti%20in%20publikacije/LETNO%20POROCILO%202020-SPLET.pdf|publisher=katoliska-cerkev.si|access-date=31 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://katoliska-cerkev.si/letno-porocilo-katoliske-cerkve-v-sloveniji-2023|title=Slovenian Catholic Church official report for 2023|publisher=Slovenian Catholic Church|date=19 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,480,156
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Solomon Islands}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 523,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 19%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100,000
|- [[East Africa]]
| {{flag|Somalia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,591,629
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.001%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
|- [[Southern Africa]]
| {{flag|South Africa}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 6.8%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.datafirst.uct.ac.za/dataportal/index.php/catalog/611|title=South Africa – Community Survey 2016|website=datafirst.uct.ac.za|access-date=2018-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/south-africa/ | title=South Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,080,000
|- [[North Africa]]
| {{flag|South Sudan}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 39.7%&lt;ref name=SouthSudan&gt;{{cite web|title=Religions in South Sudan - PEW-GRF|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/south-sudan#/?affiliations_religion_id=26&amp;affiliations_year=2010&amp;region_name=All%20Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2016|access-date=6 October 2018|archive-date=2 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202113435/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/south-sudan#/?affiliations_religion_id=26&amp;affiliations_year=2010&amp;region_name=All%20Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,950,000&lt;ref name=SouthSudan/&gt;
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Spain}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 48,300,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 52.9%&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/3400_3419/3413/es3413mar.pdf Barometro July 2023]&lt;/ref&gt;–59%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/3340_3359/3344/es3344mar.pdf|title=BARÓMETRO DE DICIEMBRE 2021|website=Cis.es|access-date=2 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;–66.0%&lt;ref name=CIS2018&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://datos.cis.es/pdf/Es3231mar_A.pdf|author=''Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas'' (Centre for Sociological Research)|title=Barómetro de noviembre de 2018|date=November 2018|page=21 |access-date=5 December 2018 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;–67%&lt;ref&gt;[http://datos.cis.es/pdf/Es3273marMT_A.pdf Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas: Barómetro de Febrero 2020, page 27] Cómo se define Ud. en materia religiosa: católico/a practicante, católico/a no practicante, creyente de otra religión, agnóstico/a, indiferente o no creyente, o ateo/a? Datos.cis.es&lt;/ref&gt;–68%&lt;ref name=CIS&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://datos.cis.es/pdf/Es3101mar_A.pdf|author=''Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas'' (Centre for Sociological Research)|title=Barómetro de junio de 2015|date=June 2015|page=131|access-date=7 June 2015|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;–70%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Religion and Law in Spain|first=Javier Martínez-|last=Torrón|isbn=9789403500447|year=2018|publisher=Kluwer Law International B.V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZT9sDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=70%25+Spain+Catholic&amp;pg=PT12|quote=The last months' surveys show that approximately 70% of the Spanish people recognize themselves as Catholic}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,550,000–33,000,000
|- [[South Asia]]
| {{flag|Sri Lanka}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,264,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 6.1%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/cph2011Pub/pop43.pdf|title=A3 : Population by religion according to districts, 2012 : Sri Lanka|website=Statistics.gov.lk|access-date=2 July 2022|archive-date=24 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124033657/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/cph2011Pub/pop43.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,237,000
|- [[North Africa]]
| {{flag|Sudan}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 300,000
|- [[South America]]
| {{flag|Suriname}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 551,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 21.6%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.statistics-suriname.org/images/Presentatie.pdf |title=National Census |access-date=5 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105905/http://www.statistics-suriname.org/images/Presentatie.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 119,000
|- [[Southern Africa]]
| {{flag|Swaziland}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,100,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 4.9%&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW10&quot; /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 62,803
|- [[Northern Europe]]
| {{flag|Sweden}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1.8%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 180,000
|- [[Central Europe]]
| {{flag|Switzerland}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 30.7%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Office |first=Federal Statistical |title=Religions |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/sprachen-religionen/religionen.html |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.bfs.admin.ch}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,700,000
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Syria}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,448,752
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 2.1%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 368,975
|- [[East Asia]]
| {{flag|Taiwan}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,894,384
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1.3%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 297,626
|- [[Central Asia]]
| {{flag|Tajikistan}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,163,506
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.01% 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | &lt;1,000&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW10&quot; /&gt;
|- [[East Africa]]
| {{flag|Tanzania}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 65,642,000&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tanzania&quot; ''The World Factbook'' (2023) Central Intelligence Agency&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 25.6&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.partner-religion-development.org/fileadmin/user_upload/190915_Faith_Development_in_Focus_Tanzania.pdf|title=Faith and Development in Focus : Tanzania|date=September 2019|website=Partner-religion-development.org|access-date=2 July 2022|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407010508/https://www.partner-religion-development.org/fileadmin/user_upload/190915_Faith_Development_in_Focus_Tanzania.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;–31.4%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=26&amp;affiliations_year=2010&amp;region_name=All%20Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2016|title=Religion in Tanzania|year=2010|publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]|access-date=2025-03-18|archive-date=2019-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140032/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=26&amp;affiliations_year=2010&amp;region_name=All%20Countries&amp;restrictions_year=2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,604,000–20,611,000
|- [[Southeast Asia]]
| {{flag|Thailand}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.3%&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW10&quot; /&gt;–0.58%&lt;ref name=&quot;BP-20191120&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Suksamran |first1=Nauvarat |last2=Mala |first2=Dumrongkiat |title=How Catholicism took root in Thailand |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1798124#cxrecs_s |access-date=20 November 2019 |work=Bangkok Post |date=20 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LiCAS.news&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Celebrating 350 Years of the Vatican's Mission to Siam |url=https://missiontosiam.licas.news/ |access-date=13 January 2020 |work=LiCAS.news |archive-date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113071125/https://missiontosiam.licas.news/ |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113071125/https://missiontosiam.licas.news/ |date=13 January 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 388,468&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Thaitrakulpanich |first1=Asaree |title=HERE'S POPE FRANCIS' SCHEDULE FOR HIS THAILAND VISIT |url=http://www.khaosodenglish.com/news/2019/10/02/heres-pope-francis-schedule-for-his-thailand-visit/ |access-date=2 October 2019 |work=Khaosod English |date=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pope Francis to visit Thailand November 20–23 |url=https://www.thaipbsworld.com/pope-francis-to-visit-thailand-november-20-23/ |access-date=14 September 2019 |work=Thai PBS |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=13 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- [[West Africa]]
| {{flag|Togo}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,681,519
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 26.4%&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW10&quot; /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,499,921
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Tonga}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 102,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 15.6%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,912
|- [[Caribbean]]
| {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,330,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 21.6%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://cso.planning.gov.tt/sites/default/files/content/images/census/TRINIDAD%20AND%20TOBAGO%202011%20Demographic%20Report.pdf|title=TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 2011 Demographic Report|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508024958/http://cso.planning.gov.tt/sites/default/files/content/images/census/TRINIDAD%20AND%20TOBAGO%202011%20Demographic%20Report.pdf |access-date=2 July 2022|archive-date=8 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 286,000
|- [[North Africa]]
| {{flag|Tunisia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.2%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,000
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Turkey}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 77,700,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.05%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35,000
|- [[Central Asia]]
| {{flag|Turkmenistan}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,750,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.01%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Fides Staff |date=2010-07-15 |title=ASIA/TURKMENISTAN - Local Catholic Church receives official government recognition |work=Fides |url=http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=27086&amp;lan=eng |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414190630/http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=27086&amp;lan=eng |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-04-14 |access-date=2013-02-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 500
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Tuvalu}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 1%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 100
|- [[East Africa]]
| {{flag|Uganda}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,729,000&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Uganda&quot; ''The World Factbook'' (2023) Central Intelligence Agency&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 39.3%&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/NPHC/2014%20National%20Census%20Main%20Report.pdf|title=2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census – Main Report|publisher=Uganda Bureau of Statistics|access-date=2 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;–45%&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life: Islam and Christianity in Sub-Sahara Africa,&quot; http://www.pewforum.org&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,757,000–21,478,000
|- [[Eastern Europe]]
| {{flag|Ukraine}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 5.6%&lt;ref name=PEW10 /&gt;–10%&lt;ref&gt;Pew Research Center, 12/19/18, 5 facts about Catholics in Europe&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Razumkov Center, 26 May 2016 pp 22,29.\ 
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Ukraine,&quot; ''U.S. State Department'' (Office of International Religious Freedom), May 12, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,408,000–4,300,000
|- [[Middle East]] 
| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,563,212
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 5%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 128,160
|- [[Western Europe]]
| {{flag|United Kingdom}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63,100,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 9%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.prct.org.uk/downloads/research/18-table-1-2011-2012-statistics-of-rc-population-fourth-draft-1/file|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420034328/http://www.prct.org.uk/downloads/research/18-table-1-2011-2012-statistics-of-rc-population-fourth-draft-1/file|url-status=dead|title=Table 1 2011 2012 statistics of RC population fourth draft by the Pastoral Research Centre Trust, an independent research organization|archive-date=20 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/2011-census-key-results-from-releases-2a-to-2d/|title=2011 Census: Key Results from Releases 2A to 2D|website=Scotland's Census}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2011census&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/scotland/KS209SCb.pdf |title=Scotland's Census 2011 – Table KS209SCb |publisher=scotlandscensus.gov.uk |access-date=26 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/pivotgrid.aspx?dataSetVars=ds-3971-lh-73-yn-2011-sk-136-sn-Census%202011-yearfilter--|title=NINIS Home Page|access-date=14 February 2015}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,700,000
|- [[North America]]
| {{flag|United States}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 341,000,000&lt;ref&gt;US Census Bureau, Dec.31, 2024 pio@census.gov&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 20%&lt;ref&gt;&quot;In US, Decline of Christianity Continues at Rapid Pace,&quot; Pew Research Center, 17 October 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; 21%&lt;ref&gt;&quot;About 
Three-In-Ten U.S. Adults Are Now Religiously Unaffiliated, Pew Research Center, 12/14/2021&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jeff Diamant, &quot;Faith on the Hill: The Religious Composition of the 118th Congress,&quot; Pew Research Center, Jan. 3, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;–22%&lt;ref&gt;PRRI, 02/24/2023 &quot;Census of American Religion : Religious Affiliations and Updates and Trends, 2022&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=AVA2017&gt;{{cite book|last1=Cox|first1=Daniel|last2=Jones|first2=Ribert P.|title=America's Changing Religious Identity|url=https://www.prri.org/research/american-religious-landscape-christian-religiously-unaffiliated/|work=2020 American Values Atlas|publisher=Public Religion Research Institute|date=7 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;ABC News/Washington Post poll (Langer Research Associates), Allison de Jong, 10 May 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.news.gallup.com/poll/238837/church-membership-down-sharply-past-two-decades.aspx] {{dead link|date=July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Susan Crabtree, &quot;Americans Embrace Religion, Reject Religious Bigotry,&quot; ''Real Clear Politics'', Jan. 10, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;–23%&lt;ref name=&quot;Gallup2016religion&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/200186/five-key-findings-religion.aspx|title=Five Key Findings on Religion in the U.S.|last=Newport|first=Frank|date=23 December 2016|work=Gallup|access-date=2018-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;–25%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Megan Brenan |title=Religiosity Largely Unaffected by Events of 2020 in U.S. |date=March 29, 2021 |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/341957/religiosity-largely-unaffected-events-2020.aspx#:~:text=%20Religiosity%20Largely%20Unaffected%20by%20Events%20of%202020,The%202020%20average%20of%20Americans%27%20religious...%20More%20 |access-date=26 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 68,200,000–71,600,000–75,020,000–78,430,000–85,250,000
|- [[South America]]
| {{flag|Uruguay}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,500,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 38%&lt;ref name = latinobarometro /&gt;–41%&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-in-secular-uruguay-a-populist-cardinal-rallies-the-faithful-and-kicks/|title=In secular Uruguay, a populist cardinal rallies the faithful and kicks off a feud|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=14 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;–42%&lt;ref name=&quot;Pew Latin&quot;/&gt;–47.1%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,330,000
|- [[Central Asia]]
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26,851,195
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.01%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,685
|- [[Southern Europe]]
| {{flag|Vatican City}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 842
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 100%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 842
|- [[Oceania]]
| {{flag|Vanuatu}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 243,304
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 13.1%&lt;ref name=FACTBOOK/&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36,500
|- [[South America]]
| {{flag|Venezuela}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,000,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 64.2%&lt;ref name=&quot;statista22&quot;/&gt;–67%&lt;ref name=latinobarometro/&gt;–71%&lt;ref name=&quot;grumilla&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Aguire|first1=Jesus Maria|language=es|title=Informe Sociográfico sobre la religión en Venezuela|url=http://www.gumilla.org/biblioteca/bases/biblo/texto/SIC2012745_211-222.pdf|access-date=5 April 2015|publisher=El Centro Gumilla|date=June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024236/http://www.gumilla.org/biblioteca/bases/biblo/texto/SIC2012745_211-222.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024236/http://www.gumilla.org/biblioteca/bases/biblo/texto/SIC2012745_211-222.pdf |date=24 September 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;–73%&lt;ref name=PEWLAT /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,000,000–23,360,000
|- [[Southeast Asia]]
| {{flag|Vietnam}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 96,208,984
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 6.1%&lt;ref name=&quot;Census&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Completed results of the 2019 Viet Nam population and housing census – General Statistics Office of Vietnam |url=https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/data-and-statistics/2020/11/completed-results-of-the-2019-viet-nam-population-and-housing-census/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,868,748
|- [[North Africa]]
| {{flag|Western Sahara}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 273,008
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.06%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 163
|- [[Middle East]]
| {{flag|Yemen}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,727,063
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 0.02%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,145
|- [[Southern Africa]]
| {{flag|Zambia}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,300,000
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 21%&lt;ref name=&quot;PEW10&quot; /&gt;
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,003,000
|- [[Southern Africa]]
| {{flag|Zimbabwe}} 
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,746,990
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 7.71%
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 982,792
|- colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
! Total
! 8,000,000,000&lt;ref&gt;Alyssa Lukpat and Joanna Sugden, &quot;World Population Hits 8 Billion, UN says,&quot; ''The Wall Street Journal'', November 15, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Robert Hart, &quot;World's Population Reaches 8 Million -- Here's What You Need To Know,&quot; ''Forbes'', November 15, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
! 13.57%–17.68%
! 1,085,600,000–1,420,400,000
|}


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'''Sichaai''' me log paudha me [[paani]] chhorre hae, jab [[baaris]] ke kami rahe hae. Sichaai waala paani ke [[naddi]], [[talaab]] aur canal se lewa jaae sake hae.

==Dunia me ketna sichaai karaa jaae hae==
[[File:Share of agricultural land which is irrigated, OWID.svg|thumb|Dunia ke des me jamiin ke ketna hissa me sichaai hoe hae (2021)]]
[[File:Area Equipped For Irrigation By Region.svg|thumb|Area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar he]]
[[Dunia]] ke puura sichaai waala jamiin ke area 1964 aur 2023 ke biich me dugna hoe gais rahaa aur 2023 me 23% kheti waala jamiin sichaai khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  2025 me, sichaai karaa gais khet me se  dunia ke 48% crops upjaawa gais rahaa, jiske matlab hae ki sichaai waala khet, uu khet jon khaali baaris pe nirbhar rahe hae, se 3.2 dafe jaada upjao hae. Average me, sichaai waala jamin ke yield, khaali baaris pe nirbhar waala jamiin se 76%  jaada hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}

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'''Sichaai''' me log paudha me [[paani]] chhorre hae, jab [[baaris]] ke kami rahe hae. Sichaai waala paani ke [[naddi]], [[talaab]] aur canal se lewa jaae sake hae.

==Dunia me ketna sichaai karaa jaae hae==
[[File:Share of agricultural land which is irrigated, OWID.svg|thumb|Dunia ke des me jamiin ke ketna hissa me sichaai hoe hae (2021)]]
[[File:Area Equipped For Irrigation By Region.svg|thumb|Area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar he]]
[[Dunia]] ke puura sichaai waala jamiin ke area 1964 aur 2023 ke biich me dugna hoe gais rahaa aur 2023 me 23% kheti waala jamiin sichaai khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  2025 me, sichaai karaa gais khet me se  dunia ke 48% crops upjaawa gais rahaa, jiske matlab hae ki sichaai waala khet, uu khet jon khaali baaris pe nirbhar rahe hae, se 3.2 dafe jaada upjao hae. Average me, sichaai waala jamin ke yield, khaali baaris pe nirbhar waala jamiin se 76%  jaada hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dunia ke area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, 2023 me 355 million ha rahaa, jon 2000 ke 289 million ha se 23% jaada rahaa aur [[1960s]] se dugna rahaa. Isme se jaada jamiin Asia me hae (2023 me 71%), jahaan pe sichaai,  green revolution ke khaas hissa hae; Americas ke 16% aur Europe ke 8% dunia ke hissa hae. [[India]] (76 million ha) aur [[China]] (75 million ha) me sab se jaada jamiin sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, jon  [[United States of America]] (25 million ha) se bahut jaada hae. China aur India me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar jammin me sab se jaada barrhaawa bhais hae 2000 aur 2023 ke biich me(+21 million ha China ke khaatir aur +15 million ha India ke khaatir).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=FAO |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd4313en |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140174-3 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd4313en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2000 me, puura upjao jamiin  2,788,000&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (689&amp;nbsp;million acres) rahaa, aur ii dunia bhar me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  Ii area ke lagbhag 68%  [[Asia]] me hae, 17% [[Americas]] me, 9% [[Europe]] me, 5% [[Africa]] me, aur 1% [[Oceania]] me. Sab se barraa jurraa areas jisme high irrigation density hae ke  [[North India|Northern]] aur [[East India|Eastern India]] aur [[Pakistan]] [[Ganges]] aur a [[Indus]] naddi waala ilaaka me paawa jaawe hae; [[Hai He]], [[Huang He]], aur [[Yangtze basin|Yangtze basins]]  [[China]] me; [[Nile|Nile river]] [[Egypt]] aur  [[Sudan]] me; aur Mississippi-Missouri naddi ke basin,  Southern Great Plains, aur [[California]] ke kuchh hissa [[United States]] me. Aur chhotaa sichaai waala jagha dunia bhar ke uu jgha me hae jahaan pe dher jan rahe hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite conference | last = Siebert | first = S. | author2 = J. Hoogeveen |author3=P. Döll |author4=J-M. Faurès |author5=S. Feick |author6=K. Frenken | title = The Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas&amp;nbsp;– Development and Validation of Map Version 4 | book-title = Tropentag 2006&amp;nbsp;– Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development | place = Bonn, Germany | date = 2006-11-10 | url = http://www.tropentag.de/2006/abstracts/full/211.pdf | access-date = 2007-03-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}

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'''Sichaai''' me log paudha me [[paani]] chhorre hae, jab [[baaris]] ke kami rahe hae. Sichaai waala paani ke [[naddi]], [[talaab]] aur canal se lewa jaae sake hae.

==Dunia me ketna sichaai karaa jaae hae==
[[File:Share of agricultural land which is irrigated, OWID.svg|thumb|Dunia ke des me jamiin ke ketna hissa me sichaai hoe hae (2021)]]
[[File:Area Equipped For Irrigation By Region.svg|thumb|Area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar he]]
[[Dunia]] ke puura sichaai waala jamiin ke area 1964 aur 2023 ke biich me dugna hoe gais rahaa aur 2023 me 23% kheti waala jamiin sichaai khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  2025 me, sichaai karaa gais khet me se  dunia ke 48% crops upjaawa gais rahaa, jiske matlab hae ki sichaai waala khet, uu khet jon khaali baaris pe nirbhar rahe hae, se 3.2 dafe jaada upjao hae. Average me, sichaai waala jamin ke yield, khaali baaris pe nirbhar waala jamiin se 76%  jaada hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dunia ke area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, 2023 me 355 million ha rahaa, jon 2000 ke 289 million ha se 23% jaada rahaa aur [[1960s]] se dugna rahaa. Isme se jaada jamiin Asia me hae (2023 me 71%), jahaan pe sichaai,  green revolution ke khaas hissa hae; Americas ke 16% aur Europe ke 8% dunia ke hissa hae. [[India]] (76 million ha) aur [[China]] (75 million ha) me sab se jaada jamiin sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, jon  [[United States of America]] (25 million ha) se bahut jaada hae. China aur India me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar jammin me sab se jaada barrhaawa bhais hae 2000 aur 2023 ke biich me(+21 million ha China ke khaatir aur +15 million ha India ke khaatir).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=FAO |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd4313en |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140174-3 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd4313en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2000 me, puura upjao jamiin  2,788,000&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (689&amp;nbsp;million acres) rahaa, aur ii dunia bhar me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  Ii area ke lagbhag 68%  [[Asia]] me hae, 17% [[Americas]] me, 9% [[Europe]] me, 5% [[Africa]] me, aur 1% [[Oceania]] me. Sab se barraa jurraa areas jisme high irrigation density hae ke  [[North India|Northern]] aur [[East India|Eastern India]] aur [[Pakistan]] [[Ganges]] aur a [[Indus]] naddi waala ilaaka me paawa jaawe hae; [[Hai He]], [[Huang He]], aur [[Yangtze basin|Yangtze basins]]  [[China]] me; [[Nile|Nile river]] [[Egypt]] aur  [[Sudan]] me; aur Mississippi-Missouri naddi ke basin,  Southern Great Plains, aur [[California]] ke kuchh hissa [[United States]] me. Aur chhotaa sichaai waala jagha dunia bhar ke uu jgha me hae jahaan pe dher jan rahe hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite conference | last = Siebert | first = S. | author2 = J. Hoogeveen |author3=P. Döll |author4=J-M. Faurès |author5=S. Feick |author6=K. Frenken | title = The Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas&amp;nbsp;– Development and Validation of Map Version 4 | book-title = Tropentag 2006&amp;nbsp;– Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development | place = Bonn, Germany | date = 2006-11-10 | url = http://www.tropentag.de/2006/abstracts/full/211.pdf | access-date = 2007-03-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

2012 talak, jetna jamiin me sichaai karaa jaawat rahaa, barr ke lagbhag 3,242,917&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (801&amp;nbsp;million acres) hoe gais rahaa, jon India ke baraabar hae.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260116020830/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world The World]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].&lt;/ref&gt; Kheti waala jamiin ke  20% , jisme sichaai hoe hae, dunia ke 40% khaana paida kare hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On Water|url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water|access-date=2020-12-07|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Water in Agriculture|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture|access-date=2020-12-07|website=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

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'''Sichaai''' me log paudha me [[paani]] chhorre hae, jab [[baaris]] ke kami rahe hae. Sichaai waala paani ke [[naddi]], [[talaab]] aur canal se lewa jaae sake hae.

==Dunia me ketna sichaai karaa jaae hae==
[[File:Share of agricultural land which is irrigated, OWID.svg|thumb|Dunia ke des me jamiin ke ketna hissa me sichaai hoe hae (2021)]]
[[File:Area Equipped For Irrigation By Region.svg|thumb|Area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar he]]
[[Dunia]] ke puura sichaai waala jamiin ke area 1964 aur 2023 ke biich me dugna hoe gais rahaa aur 2023 me 23% kheti waala jamiin sichaai khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  2025 me, sichaai karaa gais khet me se  dunia ke 48% crops upjaawa gais rahaa, jiske matlab hae ki sichaai waala khet, uu khet jon khaali baaris pe nirbhar rahe hae, se 3.2 dafe jaada upjao hae. Average me, sichaai waala jamin ke yield, khaali baaris pe nirbhar waala jamiin se 76%  jaada hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dunia ke area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, 2023 me 355 million ha rahaa, jon 2000 ke 289 million ha se 23% jaada rahaa aur [[1960s]] se dugna rahaa. Isme se jaada jamiin Asia me hae (2023 me 71%), jahaan pe sichaai,  green revolution ke khaas hissa hae; Americas ke 16% aur Europe ke 8% dunia ke hissa hae. [[India]] (76 million ha) aur [[China]] (75 million ha) me sab se jaada jamiin sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, jon  [[United States of America]] (25 million ha) se bahut jaada hae. China aur India me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar jammin me sab se jaada barrhaawa bhais hae 2000 aur 2023 ke biich me(+21 million ha China ke khaatir aur +15 million ha India ke khaatir).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=FAO |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd4313en |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140174-3 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd4313en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2000 me, puura upjao jamiin  2,788,000&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (689&amp;nbsp;million acres) rahaa, aur ii dunia bhar me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  Ii area ke lagbhag 68%  [[Asia]] me hae, 17% [[Americas]] me, 9% [[Europe]] me, 5% [[Africa]] me, aur 1% [[Oceania]] me. Sab se barraa jurraa areas jisme high irrigation density hae ke  [[North India|Northern]] aur [[East India|Eastern India]] aur [[Pakistan]] [[Ganges]] aur a [[Indus]] naddi waala ilaaka me paawa jaawe hae; [[Hai He]], [[Huang He]], aur [[Yangtze basin|Yangtze basins]]  [[China]] me; [[Nile|Nile river]] [[Egypt]] aur  [[Sudan]] me; aur Mississippi-Missouri naddi ke basin,  Southern Great Plains, aur [[California]] ke kuchh hissa [[United States]] me. Aur chhotaa sichaai waala jagha dunia bhar ke uu jgha me hae jahaan pe dher jan rahe hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite conference | last = Siebert | first = S. | author2 = J. Hoogeveen |author3=P. Döll |author4=J-M. Faurès |author5=S. Feick |author6=K. Frenken | title = The Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas&amp;nbsp;– Development and Validation of Map Version 4 | book-title = Tropentag 2006&amp;nbsp;– Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development | place = Bonn, Germany | date = 2006-11-10 | url = http://www.tropentag.de/2006/abstracts/full/211.pdf | access-date = 2007-03-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

2012 talak, jetna jamiin me sichaai karaa jaawat rahaa, barr ke lagbhag 3,242,917&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (801&amp;nbsp;million acres) hoe gais rahaa, jon India ke baraabar hae.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260116020830/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world The World]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].&lt;/ref&gt; Kheti waala jamiin ke  20% , jisme sichaai hoe hae, dunia ke 40% khaana paida kare hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On Water|url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water|access-date=2020-12-07|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Water in Agriculture|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture|access-date=2020-12-07|website=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dunia bhar ke overview ===
[[20th century]] me sichaai jor se barrha rahaa. 1800 me, dunia bhar me 8 million hectares sichaai ke niche rahaa; 1950 me, 94 million; aur 1990 me, 235 million. 1990 talak, dunia ke 30% khaana ke production sichaai waala jamiin se aais rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Dunia bhar me irrigation techniques me hae canals , jon surface paani ke redirect kare hae,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;[[#refPeterson2016|Peterson 2016]]&lt;/ref&gt; [[groundwater]] ke pump karnaa, aur dam karaa gais paani ke kaam me laana. Des ke sarkar aapan sima ke bhittar sichai ke lead kare hae, lekin private investors&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; aur duusra des,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; khaas kar ke [[United States]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;[[#refEkbladh2002|Ekbladh 2002]] pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; [[China]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;[[#refBosshard2009|Bosshard 2009]].&lt;/ref&gt; aur European ke des, jaise [[United Kingdom]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; bhi fund aur organize kare hae schemes duusra des me.

2021 me, dunia ke jamiin ke area jon sachaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa352 million ha pahunch gais rahaa, jon 2000 ke 289 million ha se 22% jaada rahaa  aur jetna jamiin [[1960s]] me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa se dugna rahaa. Isme se sab se jaada (70%) Asia me rahaa, jahaan pe sichaai green revolution ke khaas kaaran rahaa.  Americas me 16%, aur Europe  me dunia ke 8%. India (76 million ha) aur China (75 million ha) me sab se jaada sichaai waala jagha hae jon United States of America (27 million ha) se kaafi jaada hae. China aur India me sab se jaada increase bhais rahaa, uu jammin ke area jon sichai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, 2000 aur 2020 ke biich me (+21 million ha  China me aur  +15 million ha India me). Sabl regions me sichai waala jamiin jaada bhais rahaa, jisme Africasab se jor se barrha hae (+29%), jiske baad Asia (+25%), Oceania (+24%), the Americas (+19%), aur Europe (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 {{!}} FAO {{!}} Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sichaai se jaada chij paida karaa jaae sake hae, khaas kar ke [[cash crop|commodity crops]] uu ilaaka me jahaan pe bina sichaai ke kheti nai hoe sake hae. Des jon jaada paisa sichai me lagae hae   [[gehuun]], [[dhaan]], aur [[cotton]] ke utpaadan ke barrhae ke khaatir, jisme antim kaaran hae atm-nirbhar.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}

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'''Sichaai''' me log paudha me [[paani]] chhorre hae, jab [[baaris]] ke kami rahe hae. Sichaai waala paani ke [[naddi]], [[talaab]] aur canal se lewa jaae sake hae.

==Dunia me ketna sichaai karaa jaae hae==
[[File:Share of agricultural land which is irrigated, OWID.svg|thumb|Dunia ke des me jamiin ke ketna hissa me sichaai hoe hae (2021)]]
[[File:Area Equipped For Irrigation By Region.svg|thumb|Area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar he]]
[[Dunia]] ke puura sichaai waala jamiin ke area 1964 aur 2023 ke biich me dugna hoe gais rahaa aur 2023 me 23% kheti waala jamiin sichaai khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  2025 me, sichaai karaa gais khet me se  dunia ke 48% crops upjaawa gais rahaa, jiske matlab hae ki sichaai waala khet, uu khet jon khaali baaris pe nirbhar rahe hae, se 3.2 dafe jaada upjao hae. Average me, sichaai waala jamin ke yield, khaali baaris pe nirbhar waala jamiin se 76%  jaada hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dunia ke area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, 2023 me 355 million ha rahaa, jon 2000 ke 289 million ha se 23% jaada rahaa aur [[1960s]] se dugna rahaa. Isme se jaada jamiin Asia me hae (2023 me 71%), jahaan pe sichaai,  green revolution ke khaas hissa hae; Americas ke 16% aur Europe ke 8% dunia ke hissa hae. [[India]] (76 million ha) aur [[China]] (75 million ha) me sab se jaada jamiin sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, jon  [[United States of America]] (25 million ha) se bahut jaada hae. China aur India me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar jammin me sab se jaada barrhaawa bhais hae 2000 aur 2023 ke biich me(+21 million ha China ke khaatir aur +15 million ha India ke khaatir).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=FAO |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd4313en |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140174-3 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd4313en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2000 me, puura upjao jamiin  2,788,000&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (689&amp;nbsp;million acres) rahaa, aur ii dunia bhar me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  Ii area ke lagbhag 68%  [[Asia]] me hae, 17% [[Americas]] me, 9% [[Europe]] me, 5% [[Africa]] me, aur 1% [[Oceania]] me. Sab se barraa jurraa areas jisme high irrigation density hae ke  [[North India|Northern]] aur [[East India|Eastern India]] aur [[Pakistan]] [[Ganges]] aur a [[Indus]] naddi waala ilaaka me paawa jaawe hae; [[Hai He]], [[Huang He]], aur [[Yangtze basin|Yangtze basins]]  [[China]] me; [[Nile|Nile river]] [[Egypt]] aur  [[Sudan]] me; aur Mississippi-Missouri naddi ke basin,  Southern Great Plains, aur [[California]] ke kuchh hissa [[United States]] me. Aur chhotaa sichaai waala jagha dunia bhar ke uu jgha me hae jahaan pe dher jan rahe hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite conference | last = Siebert | first = S. | author2 = J. Hoogeveen |author3=P. Döll |author4=J-M. Faurès |author5=S. Feick |author6=K. Frenken | title = The Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas&amp;nbsp;– Development and Validation of Map Version 4 | book-title = Tropentag 2006&amp;nbsp;– Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development | place = Bonn, Germany | date = 2006-11-10 | url = http://www.tropentag.de/2006/abstracts/full/211.pdf | access-date = 2007-03-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

2012 talak, jetna jamiin me sichaai karaa jaawat rahaa, barr ke lagbhag 3,242,917&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (801&amp;nbsp;million acres) hoe gais rahaa, jon India ke baraabar hae.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260116020830/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world The World]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].&lt;/ref&gt; Kheti waala jamiin ke  20% , jisme sichaai hoe hae, dunia ke 40% khaana paida kare hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On Water|url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water|access-date=2020-12-07|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Water in Agriculture|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture|access-date=2020-12-07|website=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dunia bhar ke overview ===
[[20th century]] me sichaai jor se barrha rahaa. 1800 me, dunia bhar me 8 million hectares sichaai ke niche rahaa; 1950 me, 94 million; aur 1990 me, 235 million. 1990 talak, dunia ke 30% khaana ke production sichaai waala jamiin se aais rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Dunia bhar me irrigation techniques me hae canals , jon surface paani ke redirect kare hae,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;[[#refPeterson2016|Peterson 2016]]&lt;/ref&gt; [[groundwater]] ke pump karnaa, aur dam karaa gais paani ke kaam me laana. Des ke sarkar aapan sima ke bhittar sichai ke lead kare hae, lekin private investors&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; aur duusra des,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; khaas kar ke [[United States]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;[[#refEkbladh2002|Ekbladh 2002]] pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; [[China]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;[[#refBosshard2009|Bosshard 2009]].&lt;/ref&gt; aur European ke des, jaise [[United Kingdom]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; bhi fund aur organize kare hae schemes duusra des me.

2021 me, dunia ke jamiin ke area jon sachaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa352 million ha pahunch gais rahaa, jon 2000 ke 289 million ha se 22% jaada rahaa  aur jetna jamiin [[1960s]] me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa se dugna rahaa. Isme se sab se jaada (70%) Asia me rahaa, jahaan pe sichaai green revolution ke khaas kaaran rahaa.  Americas me 16%, aur Europe  me dunia ke 8%. India (76 million ha) aur China (75 million ha) me sab se jaada sichaai waala jagha hae jon United States of America (27 million ha) se kaafi jaada hae. China aur India me sab se jaada increase bhais rahaa, uu jammin ke area jon sichai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, 2000 aur 2020 ke biich me (+21 million ha  China me aur  +15 million ha India me). Sabl regions me sichai waala jamiin jaada bhais rahaa, jisme Africasab se jor se barrha hae (+29%), jiske baad Asia (+25%), Oceania (+24%), the Americas (+19%), aur Europe (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 {{!}} FAO {{!}} Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sichaai se jaada chij paida karaa jaae sake hae, khaas kar ke [[cash crop|commodity crops]] uu ilaaka me jahaan pe bina sichaai ke kheti nai hoe sake hae. Des jon jaada paisa sichai me lagae hae   [[gehuun]], [[dhaan]], aur [[cotton]] ke utpaadan ke barrhae ke khaatir, jisme antim kaaran hae atm-nirbhar.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Fasal ke value ke example ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Approximate values of seasonal crop water needs&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Fasal
!Fasal ke ketna paani ke jaruri hae mm / total growing period
|-
|Ganna
|1500–2500
|-
|Keraa
|1200–2200
|-
|Nabbu
|900–1200
|-
|Aalu
|500–700
|-
|Tomatar
|400–800
|-
|Gehub
|450–650
|-
|Cabij
|350–500
|-
|Piyaaj
|350–550
|-
|Matar
|350–500
|}


==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}

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      <origin>336803</origin>
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'''Sichaai''' me log paudha me [[paani]] chhorre hae, jab [[baaris]] ke kami rahe hae. Sichaai waala paani ke [[naddi]], [[talaab]] aur canal se lewa jaae sake hae.

==Dunia me ketna sichaai karaa jaae hae==
[[File:Share of agricultural land which is irrigated, OWID.svg|thumb|Dunia ke des me jamiin ke ketna hissa me sichaai hoe hae (2021)]]
[[File:Area Equipped For Irrigation By Region.svg|thumb|Area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar he]]
[[Dunia]] ke puura sichaai waala jamiin ke area 1964 aur 2023 ke biich me dugna hoe gais rahaa aur 2023 me 23% kheti waala jamiin sichaai khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  2025 me, sichaai karaa gais khet me se  dunia ke 48% crops upjaawa gais rahaa, jiske matlab hae ki sichaai waala khet, uu khet jon khaali baaris pe nirbhar rahe hae, se 3.2 dafe jaada upjao hae. Average me, sichaai waala jamin ke yield, khaali baaris pe nirbhar waala jamiin se 76%  jaada hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dunia ke area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, 2023 me 355 million ha rahaa, jon 2000 ke 289 million ha se 23% jaada rahaa aur [[1960s]] se dugna rahaa. Isme se jaada jamiin Asia me hae (2023 me 71%), jahaan pe sichaai,  green revolution ke khaas hissa hae; Americas ke 16% aur Europe ke 8% dunia ke hissa hae. [[India]] (76 million ha) aur [[China]] (75 million ha) me sab se jaada jamiin sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, jon  [[United States of America]] (25 million ha) se bahut jaada hae. China aur India me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar jammin me sab se jaada barrhaawa bhais hae 2000 aur 2023 ke biich me(+21 million ha China ke khaatir aur +15 million ha India ke khaatir).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=FAO |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd4313en |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140174-3 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd4313en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2000 me, puura upjao jamiin  2,788,000&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (689&amp;nbsp;million acres) rahaa, aur ii dunia bhar me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  Ii area ke lagbhag 68%  [[Asia]] me hae, 17% [[Americas]] me, 9% [[Europe]] me, 5% [[Africa]] me, aur 1% [[Oceania]] me. Sab se barraa jurraa areas jisme high irrigation density hae ke  [[North India|Northern]] aur [[East India|Eastern India]] aur [[Pakistan]] [[Ganges]] aur a [[Indus]] naddi waala ilaaka me paawa jaawe hae; [[Hai He]], [[Huang He]], aur [[Yangtze basin|Yangtze basins]]  [[China]] me; [[Nile|Nile river]] [[Egypt]] aur  [[Sudan]] me; aur Mississippi-Missouri naddi ke basin,  Southern Great Plains, aur [[California]] ke kuchh hissa [[United States]] me. Aur chhotaa sichaai waala jagha dunia bhar ke uu jgha me hae jahaan pe dher jan rahe hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite conference | last = Siebert | first = S. | author2 = J. Hoogeveen |author3=P. Döll |author4=J-M. Faurès |author5=S. Feick |author6=K. Frenken | title = The Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas&amp;nbsp;– Development and Validation of Map Version 4 | book-title = Tropentag 2006&amp;nbsp;– Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development | place = Bonn, Germany | date = 2006-11-10 | url = http://www.tropentag.de/2006/abstracts/full/211.pdf | access-date = 2007-03-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

2012 talak, jetna jamiin me sichaai karaa jaawat rahaa, barr ke lagbhag 3,242,917&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (801&amp;nbsp;million acres) hoe gais rahaa, jon India ke baraabar hae.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260116020830/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world The World]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].&lt;/ref&gt; Kheti waala jamiin ke  20% , jisme sichaai hoe hae, dunia ke 40% khaana paida kare hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On Water|url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water|access-date=2020-12-07|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Water in Agriculture|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture|access-date=2020-12-07|website=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dunia bhar ke overview ===
[[20th century]] me sichaai jor se barrha rahaa. 1800 me, dunia bhar me 8 million hectares sichaai ke niche rahaa; 1950 me, 94 million; aur 1990 me, 235 million. 1990 talak, dunia ke 30% khaana ke production sichaai waala jamiin se aais rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Dunia bhar me irrigation techniques me hae canals , jon surface paani ke redirect kare hae,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;[[#refPeterson2016|Peterson 2016]]&lt;/ref&gt; [[groundwater]] ke pump karnaa, aur dam karaa gais paani ke kaam me laana. Des ke sarkar aapan sima ke bhittar sichai ke lead kare hae, lekin private investors&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; aur duusra des,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; khaas kar ke [[United States]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;[[#refEkbladh2002|Ekbladh 2002]] pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; [[China]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;[[#refBosshard2009|Bosshard 2009]].&lt;/ref&gt; aur European ke des, jaise [[United Kingdom]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; bhi fund aur organize kare hae schemes duusra des me.

2021 me, dunia ke jamiin ke area jon sachaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa352 million ha pahunch gais rahaa, jon 2000 ke 289 million ha se 22% jaada rahaa  aur jetna jamiin [[1960s]] me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa se dugna rahaa. Isme se sab se jaada (70%) Asia me rahaa, jahaan pe sichaai green revolution ke khaas kaaran rahaa.  Americas me 16%, aur Europe  me dunia ke 8%. India (76 million ha) aur China (75 million ha) me sab se jaada sichaai waala jagha hae jon United States of America (27 million ha) se kaafi jaada hae. China aur India me sab se jaada increase bhais rahaa, uu jammin ke area jon sichai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, 2000 aur 2020 ke biich me (+21 million ha  China me aur  +15 million ha India me). Sabl regions me sichai waala jamiin jaada bhais rahaa, jisme Africasab se jor se barrha hae (+29%), jiske baad Asia (+25%), Oceania (+24%), the Americas (+19%), aur Europe (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 {{!}} FAO {{!}} Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sichaai se jaada chij paida karaa jaae sake hae, khaas kar ke [[cash crop|commodity crops]] uu ilaaka me jahaan pe bina sichaai ke kheti nai hoe sake hae. Des jon jaada paisa sichai me lagae hae   [[gehuun]], [[dhaan]], aur [[cotton]] ke utpaadan ke barrhae ke khaatir, jisme antim kaaran hae atm-nirbhar.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Fasal ke value ke example ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Approximate values of seasonal crop water needs&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Fasal
!Fasal ke ketna paani ke jaruri hae mm / total growing period
|-
|Ganna
|1500–2500
|-
|Keraa
|1200–2200
|-
|Nabbu
|900–1200
|-
|Aalu
|500–700
|-
|Tomatar
|400–800
|-
|Gehun
|450–650
|-
|Cabij
|350–500
|-
|Piyaaj
|350–550
|-
|Matar
|350–500
|}

== Water sources ==

=== Jamiin ke bhittar ke aur uppar bahe waala paani ===
[[File:Bisse.jpg|thumb|[[Bisse d'Ayent|Traditional irrigation channel]]  Switzerland me, jon high Alps se paani batore hae]]
[[File:Pump-enabled Riverside Irrigation in Comilla, Bangladesh, 25 April 2014.jpg|thumb|right|Sichai hoe hae [[Pump|pump-enabled]] se, sidhe [[Gumti River (Tripura)|the Gumti]] se, jon background me dekhae hae, [[Comilla District|Comilla]], Bangladesh me.]]
[[File:Vale do São Francisco Pernanbuco.jpg|thumb|[[Petrolina]], Brazil me anguur jon khaali hoe sake hae ii [[semi arid]] ilaaka me [[drip irrigation]] se]]

Sichai waala paani [[groundwater]] (extracted from [[Spring (hydrosphere)|springs]] se aae sake hae, nai to [[Water well|wells]]) ke kaam me laae ke, jamiin ke uppar bahe waala paani (jiske [[naddi]], [[talaab]] nai to [[reservoirs]] se nikaala jaawe hae) nai to non-conventional sources jaise [[reclaimed water|treated wastewater]], [[desalinated water]], [[drainage|drainage water]], nai to [[fog collection]].

Jab [[floodwater harvesting]] se log sahmat rahe hae, [[rainwater harvesting]] ke ek rakam kesichai nai maana jaawe hae. Rainwater harvesting me chhat ke runoff paani ke batora jawe hae.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}

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'''Sichaai''' me log paudha me [[paani]] chhorre hae, jab [[baaris]] ke kami rahe hae. Sichaai waala paani ke [[naddi]], [[talaab]] aur canal se lewa jaae sake hae.

==Dunia me ketna sichaai karaa jaae hae==
[[File:Share of agricultural land which is irrigated, OWID.svg|thumb|Dunia ke des me jamiin ke ketna hissa me sichaai hoe hae (2021)]]
[[File:Area Equipped For Irrigation By Region.svg|thumb|Area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar he]]
[[Dunia]] ke puura sichaai waala jamiin ke area 1964 aur 2023 ke biich me dugna hoe gais rahaa aur 2023 me 23% kheti waala jamiin sichaai khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  2025 me, sichaai karaa gais khet me se  dunia ke 48% crops upjaawa gais rahaa, jiske matlab hae ki sichaai waala khet, uu khet jon khaali baaris pe nirbhar rahe hae, se 3.2 dafe jaada upjao hae. Average me, sichaai waala jamin ke yield, khaali baaris pe nirbhar waala jamiin se 76%  jaada hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd7488en |title=The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140285-6 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd7488en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dunia ke area jon sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, 2023 me 355 million ha rahaa, jon 2000 ke 289 million ha se 23% jaada rahaa aur [[1960s]] se dugna rahaa. Isme se jaada jamiin Asia me hae (2023 me 71%), jahaan pe sichaai,  green revolution ke khaas hissa hae; Americas ke 16% aur Europe ke 8% dunia ke hissa hae. [[India]] (76 million ha) aur [[China]] (75 million ha) me sab se jaada jamiin sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, jon  [[United States of America]] (25 million ha) se bahut jaada hae. China aur India me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar jammin me sab se jaada barrhaawa bhais hae 2000 aur 2023 ke biich me(+21 million ha China ke khaatir aur +15 million ha India ke khaatir).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=FAO |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd4313en |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=FAO |isbn=978-92-5-140174-3 |language=English |doi=10.4060/cd4313en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2000 me, puura upjao jamiin  2,788,000&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (689&amp;nbsp;million acres) rahaa, aur ii dunia bhar me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa.  Ii area ke lagbhag 68%  [[Asia]] me hae, 17% [[Americas]] me, 9% [[Europe]] me, 5% [[Africa]] me, aur 1% [[Oceania]] me. Sab se barraa jurraa areas jisme high irrigation density hae ke  [[North India|Northern]] aur [[East India|Eastern India]] aur [[Pakistan]] [[Ganges]] aur a [[Indus]] naddi waala ilaaka me paawa jaawe hae; [[Hai He]], [[Huang He]], aur [[Yangtze basin|Yangtze basins]]  [[China]] me; [[Nile|Nile river]] [[Egypt]] aur  [[Sudan]] me; aur Mississippi-Missouri naddi ke basin,  Southern Great Plains, aur [[California]] ke kuchh hissa [[United States]] me. Aur chhotaa sichaai waala jagha dunia bhar ke uu jgha me hae jahaan pe dher jan rahe hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite conference | last = Siebert | first = S. | author2 = J. Hoogeveen |author3=P. Döll |author4=J-M. Faurès |author5=S. Feick |author6=K. Frenken | title = The Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas&amp;nbsp;– Development and Validation of Map Version 4 | book-title = Tropentag 2006&amp;nbsp;– Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development | place = Bonn, Germany | date = 2006-11-10 | url = http://www.tropentag.de/2006/abstracts/full/211.pdf | access-date = 2007-03-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

2012 talak, jetna jamiin me sichaai karaa jaawat rahaa, barr ke lagbhag 3,242,917&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (801&amp;nbsp;million acres) hoe gais rahaa, jon India ke baraabar hae.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260116020830/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world The World]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].&lt;/ref&gt; Kheti waala jamiin ke  20% , jisme sichaai hoe hae, dunia ke 40% khaana paida kare hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=On Water|url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water|access-date=2020-12-07|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Water in Agriculture|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture|access-date=2020-12-07|website=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dunia bhar ke overview ===
[[20th century]] me sichaai jor se barrha rahaa. 1800 me, dunia bhar me 8 million hectares sichaai ke niche rahaa; 1950 me, 94 million; aur 1990 me, 235 million. 1990 talak, dunia ke 30% khaana ke production sichaai waala jamiin se aais rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Dunia bhar me irrigation techniques me hae canals , jon surface paani ke redirect kare hae,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;[[#refPeterson2016|Peterson 2016]]&lt;/ref&gt; [[groundwater]] ke pump karnaa, aur dam karaa gais paani ke kaam me laana. Des ke sarkar aapan sima ke bhittar sichai ke lead kare hae, lekin private investors&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; aur duusra des,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; khaas kar ke [[United States]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;[[#refEkbladh2002|Ekbladh 2002]] pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; [[China]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;[[#refBosshard2009|Bosshard 2009]].&lt;/ref&gt; aur European ke des, jaise [[United Kingdom]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; bhi fund aur organize kare hae schemes duusra des me.

2021 me, dunia ke jamiin ke area jon sachaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa352 million ha pahunch gais rahaa, jon 2000 ke 289 million ha se 22% jaada rahaa  aur jetna jamiin [[1960s]] me sichaai ke khaatir taiyaar rahaa se dugna rahaa. Isme se sab se jaada (70%) Asia me rahaa, jahaan pe sichaai green revolution ke khaas kaaran rahaa.  Americas me 16%, aur Europe  me dunia ke 8%. India (76 million ha) aur China (75 million ha) me sab se jaada sichaai waala jagha hae jon United States of America (27 million ha) se kaafi jaada hae. China aur India me sab se jaada increase bhais rahaa, uu jammin ke area jon sichai ke khaatir taiyaar hae, 2000 aur 2020 ke biich me (+21 million ha  China me aur  +15 million ha India me). Sabl regions me sichai waala jamiin jaada bhais rahaa, jisme Africasab se jor se barrha hae (+29%), jiske baad Asia (+25%), Oceania (+24%), the Americas (+19%), aur Europe (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 {{!}} FAO {{!}} Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sichaai se jaada chij paida karaa jaae sake hae, khaas kar ke [[cash crop|commodity crops]] uu ilaaka me jahaan pe bina sichaai ke kheti nai hoe sake hae. Des jon jaada paisa sichai me lagae hae   [[gehuun]], [[dhaan]], aur [[cotton]] ke utpaadan ke barrhae ke khaatir, jisme antim kaaran hae atm-nirbhar.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Fasal ke value ke example ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Approximate values of seasonal crop water needs&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Fasal
!Fasal ke ketna paani ke jaruri hae mm / total growing period
|-
|Ganna
|1500–2500
|-
|Keraa
|1200–2200
|-
|Nabbu
|900–1200
|-
|Aalu
|500–700
|-
|Tomatar
|400–800
|-
|Gehun
|450–650
|-
|Cabij
|350–500
|-
|Piyaaj
|350–550
|-
|Matar
|350–500
|}

== Water sources ==

=== Jamiin ke bhittar ke aur uppar bahe waala paani ===
[[File:Bisse.jpg|thumb|[[Bisse d'Ayent|Traditional irrigation channel]]  Switzerland me, jon high Alps se paani batore hae]]
[[File:Pump-enabled Riverside Irrigation in Comilla, Bangladesh, 25 April 2014.jpg|thumb|right|Sichai hoe hae [[Pump|pump-enabled]] se, sidhe [[Gumti River (Tripura)|the Gumti]] se, jon background me dekhae hae, [[Comilla District|Comilla]], Bangladesh me.]]
[[File:Vale do São Francisco Pernanbuco.jpg|thumb|[[Petrolina]], Brazil me anguur jon khaali hoe sake hae ii [[semi arid]] ilaaka me [[drip irrigation]] se]]

Sichai waala paani [[groundwater]] (extracted from [[Spring (hydrosphere)|springs]] se aae sake hae, nai to [[Water well|wells]]) ke kaam me laae ke, jamiin ke uppar bahe waala paani (jiske [[naddi]], [[talaab]] nai to [[reservoirs]] se nikaala jaawe hae) nai to non-conventional sources jaise [[reclaimed water|treated wastewater]], [[desalinated water]], [[drainage|drainage water]], nai to [[fog collection]].

Jab [[floodwater harvesting]] se log sahmat rahe hae, [[rainwater harvesting]] ke ek rakam kesichai nai maana jaawe hae. Rainwater harvesting me chhat ke runoff paani ke batora jawe hae.

=== Treated, nai to bina treated waste paani ===

=== Duusra jagha ke paani ===
Sichaai waala paani kuch non-conventional sources se aae sake hae, jaise [[reclaimed water|treated wastewater]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moreira da Silva |first1=Manuela |last2=Resende |first2=Flávia C. |last3=Freitas |first3=Bárbara |last4=Aníbal |first4=Jaime |last5=Martins |first5=António |last6=Duarte |first6=Amílcar |title=Urban Wastewater Reuse for Citrus Irrigation in Algarve, Portugal—Environmental Benefits and Carbon Fluxes |journal=Sustainability |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=17 |article-number=10715 |doi=10.3390/su141710715|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022Sust...1410715M |hdl=10400.1/18203 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[desalinated water]], [[drainage|drainage water]], nai to [[fog collection]].

Uu des jahan humid hawaa raat me aae hae, paani ke [[condensation]]  thanda surfaces pe se, batora jaawe sake hae. Iske vineyards jon [[Lanzarote]] me hae, me practice karaa jaawe hae, jahaan pe patthar ke kaam me laae ke paani ke condense karaa jaawe hae. [[Fog collection|Fog collectors]] ke canvas nai to foil sheets se banaawa jaae sake hae. Air conditioning units ke paani ke source ke khaatir kaam me laana town me abhi popular hoe gais hae.

November 2019 se, ek Glasgow-based startup Scotland ke kisan ke madat karis hae, khaara paani se sichaai kare ke technique ke kaam me laae ke. Ek bigha jamiin jisme pahile kuchh nai howat rahaa me kheti karaa gais hae [[samphire]], [[Suaeda|sea blite]], aur [[Tripolium pannonicum|sea aster]] boe ke; ii sab paudha se jaada profit hoe hae, aalu ke mukaable me. Ii jaminn ke din me dui dafe barr ke rakam sichai karaa jaae hae ; paani ke samundar se pump karaa jaawe hae wind power ke kaam me laae ke. Iske aur faeda hae  soil remediation aur [[carbon sequestration]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=McDill |first=Stuart |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Startup helps Scottish farmers grow gourmet plants with sea water |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-saltwater-farming/startup-helps-scottish-farmers-grow-gourmet-plants-with-sea-water-idUSKBN1Y01V6 |access-date=2 December 2019 |website=Reuters |publisher=Thomson Reuters |quote=Seawater Solutions is helping farmers on Scotland's west coast adapt to the reality of less rain by choosing salt-resistant plants and developing saltmarshes - land flooded by tidal waters - for them to grow in.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenational.scot-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=O'Toole |first=Emer |date=29 July 2019 |title=Seawater Solutions is tacking agriculture's impact on climate change |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/17800385.climate-change-scottish-firm-tackling-effects-agriculture/ |access-date=2 December 2019 |website=The National |publisher=Newsquest Media Group Ltd |quote=A system of farming that creates wetland ecosystems on which food can be grown, while carbon is captured at a rate of up to 40 times higher than the same area of rainforest, and profits are more than eight times more profitable than the average potato field.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub}}

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| country_largest_city              = [[Iqaluit]], Nunavut
| country_largest_city_population   = 7,429
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'''Arctic Archipelago''', jiske '''Canadian Arctic Archipelago''' ke naam se bhi jaana jaae hae, ek [[archipelago]] hae jon  [[Canada]] continental mainland ke north me hae, jisme [[Greenland]] (ek autonomous territory of [[Denmark]] ke, (jon apne se combined area of the archipelago se barraa hae) aur [[Iceland]] (ek ajaad des)

Ii [[North America]] ke north me hae aur iske area {{cvt|1424500|km2}} hae. Ii island ke group me  36,563 islands hae, jon [[Arctic Ocean]] se ghiraa hae, me [[Northern Canada]], khaas kar ke [[Nunavut]] aur [[Northwest Territories]] hae.&lt;ref&gt;Marsh, James H., ed. 1988. &quot;[https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/arctic-archipelago Arctic Archipelago]&quot; ''[[Canadian Encyclopedia|The Canadian Encyclopedia]]''. Toronto: Hurtig Publishers.&lt;/ref&gt; Ii archipelago me climate change ke asar ke sabuut hae,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/people/dezheng.sun/lectures/seaice/Rothrock-etal.1999-GRL.pdf Thinning of the Arctic Sea-Ice Cover]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://amper.ped.muni.cz/jenik/dirs/gw/dirs/diagnosis/fig_cz/.w/stroeve_sea_ice2007.pdf |title=Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than forecast |access-date=2025-05-07 |archive-date=2013-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512162228/http://amper.ped.muni.cz/jenik/dirs/gw/dirs/diagnosis/fig_cz/.w/stroeve_sea_ice2007.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; jisme kuchh computer estimate me hian ke ice ke tagle se sea level   {{cvt|3.5|cm}} uppar jaai, 2100 talak.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/348880/description/News_in_Brief_Canadas_ice_shrinking_rapidly|title=Canada's ice shrinking rapidly|first=Erin|last=Wayman|work= [[Science News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="1951" sha1="4htf04co6bmlaphwo12smy1s3k9khci" xml:space="preserve">{{Year nav range|{{PAGENAME}}}}
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (MMXXV1) ek saadhaaran saal rahii, jon ki [[wikt:bif |bif]] ke roj suruu hoi. Ii 3rd millennium aur [[21st century]] 26th saal rahaa,  aur  [[2020s]] dassak ke 7th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2082-2083, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1947-1948, Kali Yuga ke 5126-5127, Islamic calendar ke 1447-1448, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 558 saal rahaa.

== Ghatna ==
* [[19 July]] - 20th '''[[FIFA World Cup]]''' ke [[Canada]], [[Mexico]] aur [[United States]] me khela gais rahaa jiske final me [[Spain]], [[Argentina]] ke 1-0 se harais rahaa.

== Chhutti aur Teohaar ==
* [[1 January]] - Fiji me '''Nawaa Saal''' ke chhutti rahaa&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;&gt;[https://www.employment.gov.fj/uploads/notice/GN_70_-_Declaration_of_Public_Holidays_for_2026.pdf Cabinet endorses 11 public holidays for 2025]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[3 April]] - Fiji me '''Good Friday''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[26 March]] - Fiji me '''Ram Naumi''' banaawa gais rahaa.
* [[4 April]] - Fiji me '''Easter Saturday''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[6 April]] - Fiji me '''Easter Monday''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[15 May]] - Fiji me '''Girmit Day''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[29 May]] - Fiji me '''Ratu Sukuna Day''' ke chhutti rahaa &lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[24 August]] - Fiji me '''Prophet Mohammed ke birthday''' khatir chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[10 October]] - Fiji me '''Fiji Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[9 November]] - Fiji me '''Diwali''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[25 December]] - Fiji me '''Barraa Din''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;
* [[26 December]] - Fiji me '''Boxing Day''' ke chhutti rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;holidays&quot;/&gt;

== Janam ==
== Maut ==


== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{commons|Category:2026}}

[[vibhag:2026]]</text>
      <sha1>4htf04co6bmlaphwo12smy1s3k9khci</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>sadasya:KailomaSuva</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>69326</id>
    <revision>
      <id>336770</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-21T09:44:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KailomaSuva</username>
        <id>37253</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Panna jisme &quot;Ham Suva ke rahaa&quot; hae ke banae dewa gais hae.</comment>
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      <text bytes="17" sha1="a6td9c8hua036gocojbyycrq4dq655e" xml:space="preserve">Ham Suva ke rahaa</text>
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    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>sadasya ke baat:Nico166768</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>69327</id>
    <redirect title="sadasya ke baat:Prumpi" />
    <revision>
      <id>336800</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-23T10:10:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MBq</username>
        <id>16347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>MBq moved panna [[sadasya ke baat:Nico166768]] se [[sadasya ke baat:Prumpi]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Nico166768|Nico166768]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Prumpi|Prumpi]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="36" sha1="bxx4ujco7jx2tkuw0hpxzzre2aqdgih" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[sadasya ke baat:Prumpi]]</text>
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