Template:Cite web

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  <page>
    <title>Capital</title>
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      <text bytes="39779" sha1="mfwwttdacsij4cjwywygiqswop7lvqe" xml:space="preserve">'''Capital [[city]]''' (nai to khali '''capital'''; '''raajdhaani''') uu jagha hae jahan pe [[des]], [[state]] nai to [[province]] ke khaas administration waala jagha rahe hae.

Leader log aur sarkr ke karachari log capital city me kaam kare hae.

Capital jaada kar ke barraa city rahe hae, jaise ki, [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay|Uruguay's]] ke sab se barraa city hae, aur Uruguay ke capital bhi hae, lekin caputal sab time des ke sab se barra city nai rahe hae jaise ki [[India]] ke capital, [[New Delhi]], [[Mumbai]] se chhota hae aur [[Pakistan]] ke capital [[Islamabad]], [[Karachi]] se chhota hae.

Koi koi des me ek se jaada capital rahe hae, jaise ki [[South Africa]] ke capital duuno [[Cape Town]] aur [[Pretoria]] hae aur kuch des me ekko capital nai rahe hae jaise ki [[Nauru]].

==Dunia ke des ke raajdhaani ke suchi==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:130px;&quot;|City/Town
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:200px;&quot;|Country/Territory
!Continent
! class=&quot;sortable&quot; |Notes
|- id=&quot;A&quot;
| [[Abidjan]] {{small|(pahile ke capital; jahaan pe abhi bhi kuchh sarkari offices hae)}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Ivory Coast|name=Ivory Coast}}''' (Côte d'Ivoire) 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Abidjan, Ivory Coast ke sab se barraa city aur sarkaari taur pe economic capital hae.
|-
| [[Yamoussoukro]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Abu Dhabi]] || '''{{flaglist|United Arab Emirates}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Abuja]] || '''{{flaglist|Nigeria}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa|| [[Lagos]] 1914 se 1991 talak capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Accra]] || '''{{flaglist|Ghana}}''' ||
|-
| [[Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands|Adamstown]] || {{flaglist|Pitcairn Islands}} 
| Oceania|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Addis Ababa]] || '''{{flaglist|Ethiopia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Aden]] {{small|(''de facto'', temporary)}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Yemen}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Yemen abhi civil war me hae, aur Sanaa ke Houthi rebels September 2014 se occupy kare hae. Aden, jon  [[South Yemen]] ke pahile ke capital rahaa, uu time se  provisional capital hae, internationally-recognized sarkar ke, lekin sarkari leadership city chhorr ke chal diye rahin, December 2025 takeover, by its separatist faction ke baad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Separatists claim broad control of southern Yemen |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/separatists-claim-broad-control-southern-yemen-2025-12-08/ |access-date=12 December 2025 |work=Reuters |date=8 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pro-coalition government flees Aden as tensions with STC escalate |url=https://en.ypagency.net/378552 |access-date=12 December 2025 |work=Yemen Press Agency |date=8 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Sanaa]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Episkopi Cantonment]] || {{flaglist|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} || [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Algiers]] || '''{{flaglist|Algeria}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Alofi]] || {{flaglist|Niue}} 
| Oceania|| Self-governing aur free association ke saathe [[New Zealand]] ke sanghe hae. Sarkaari offices duuno Alofi North aur Alofi South me hae.
|-
| [[Amman]] || '''{{flaglist|Jordan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Amsterdam]] {{small|(official)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Netherlands}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Europe|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | The Hague Noordeinde Palace, Cabinet of the Netherlands, Supreme Court of the Netherlands aur diplomatic missions hae. 
|-
| [[The Hague]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Andorra la Vella]] || '''{{flaglist|Andorra}}''' ||
|-
| [[Ankara]] || '''{{flaglist|Turkey}}''' 
|Asia||Ankara  Republic of Turkey ke capital 1923 me banaa rahaa,  Turkish War of Independence ke baad. Turkey ke predecessor,  [[Ottoman Empire]], ke capital [[Constantinople]] (abhi ke [[Istanbul]]) rahaa.
|-
| [[Antananarivo]] || '''{{flaglist|Madagascar}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Apia]] || '''{{flaglist|Samoa}}''' 
|Oceania||
|-
| [[Ashgabat]] || '''{{flaglist|Turkmenistan}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Asmara]] || '''{{flaglist|Eritrea}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Astana]] || '''{{flaglist|Kazakhstan}}''' 
|Asia|| Astana ke naam Nur-Sultan, 2019 se 2022 talak rahaa. [[Almaty]] Kazakhstan ke capital 1991 se 1997 talak rahaa aur isse pahile Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic ke capital, 1929 se 1991 talak rahaa.
|-
| [[Asunción]] || '''{{flaglist|Paraguay}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Atafu]] {{small|(atoll administration)}} || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | {{flaglist|Tokelau}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Oceania || Sab se barraa city aur sab se chhotaa [[atoll]] hae. [[New Zealand]], [[Tokelau]] ke own kare hae.
|-
| [[Nukunonu]] {{small|(atoll administration)}} || Sab se barraa [[atoll]]. Iske abaadi  531 hae.
|-
| [[Fakaofo]] {{small|(atoll administration)}} || Ii atoll ke sab se jaada abaadi waala city, [[Fale, Tokelau]] hae
|-
| [[Athens]] || '''{{flaglist|Greece}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Avarua]] || {{flaglist|Cook Islands}} 
|Oceania|| Self-governing in free association with [[New Zealand]]. Iske capital ke kabhi-kabhi galti se [[Rarotonga]] bataawa jaawe hae, uu island jisme  Avarua hae.
|- id=&quot;B&quot;
| [[Baghdad]] || '''{{flaglist|Iraq}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Baku]] || '''{{flaglist|Azerbaijan}}'''
| Asia/Europe||
|-
| [[Bamako]] || '''{{flaglist|Mali}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] || '''{{flaglist|Brunei}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Bangkok]] || '''{{THA}}''' ||
|-
| [[Bangui]] || '''{{flaglist|Central African Republic}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Banjul]] || '''{{flaglist|Gambia|name=Gambia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Basseterre]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}''' 
| rowspan=2 | North America||
|-
| [[Basse-Terre]] || {{flaglist|Guadeloupe|local}} || Overseas department and region of [[France]] hae.
|-
| [[Beijing]] || '''{{CHN}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia|| [[Historical capitals of China]] ke bhi dekho.
|-
| [[Beirut]] || '''{{flaglist|Lebanon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Belgrade]] || '''{{flaglist|Serbia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Belmopan]] || '''{{flaglist|Belize}}''' 
|North America|| [[Belize City]]  Belize ke pahile waala naam,  [[British Honduras]] ke niche, bhi capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Berlin]] || '''{{flaglist|Germany}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe|| [[Bonn]] , [[West Germany]] ke capital rahaa aur   reunified Germany ke capital 1999 talak rahaa, aur hian pe abhi talak chhe ministries hae. [[Capital of Germany]] ke bhi dekho. 
|-
| [[Bern]] {{Small|(''de facto'')}}|| '''{{flaglist|Switzerland}}''' ||
|-
| [[Bishkek]] || '''{{flaglist|Kyrgyzstan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Bissau]] || '''{{flaglist|Guinea-Bissau}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Bloemfontein]] {{small|(judicial)}} || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | '''{{flaglist|South Africa}}''' ||
|-
| [[Cape Town]] {{small|(legislative)}} ||
|-
| [[Pretoria]] {{small|(executive)}} ||
|-
| [[Bogotá]] || '''{{flaglist|Colombia}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Brades]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{flaglist|Montserrat}} 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | North America|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]. Plymouth ke [[Soufrière Hills]] volcano eruption ke baad, 1997 me abandon kar dewa gais rahaa. Uske baad sarkaari offices ke [[Brades]] hatae ke kar dewa gais hae, jon northwestern Montserrat me hae. Ek nawaa capital, [[Little Bay, Montserrat|Little Bay]], ke abhi banaawa jaawe hae.
|-
| [[Plymouth, Montserrat|Plymouth]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Brasília]] || '''{{flaglist|Brazil}}''' 
|South America||[[Rio de Janeiro]], 1960 talak capital rahaa. Aur dekho: [[Capitals of Brazil]].
|-
| [[Bratislava]] || '''{{flaglist|Slovakia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Brazzaville]] || '''{{flaglist|Congo}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Bridgetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Barbados}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[City of Brussels|Brussels]] || '''{{flaglist|Belgium}}'''&lt;br&gt; 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Europe||
|-
|{{flaglist|European Union}} {{Small|(''de facto'')&lt;ref name=&quot;capital&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cybriwsky |first=Roman Adrian |title=Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-61069-248-9 |page=[{{GBurl|id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ|p=64}} 64] |quote=Brussels, the capital of Belgium, is considered to be the de facto capital of the EU}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}||
|-
| [[Bucharest]] || '''{{flaglist|Romania}}''' ||
|-
| [[Budapest]] || '''{{flaglist|Hungary}}''' ||Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Hungary]].
|-
| [[Buenos Aires]] || '''{{flaglist|Argentina}}''' 
|South America||
|- id=&quot;C&quot;
|[[Cairo]]||'''{{flaglist|Egypt}}'''
|Africa||Ek nawaa capital ke abhi banaawa jaawe hae Iske naam saait Egypt rahii. Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Egypt]].
|-
|[[Canberra]]||'''{{flaglist|Australia}}'''
|Oceania|| Ii ek planned city hae jiske   [[Melbourne]] (''de facto'' jon uu time capital rahaa) aur [[Sydney]] (economic capital aur sab se jaada abaadi waala city) ke rivalry ke kaaran banaawa gais rahaa, duuno ke naam potential capitals in the Australasia Federation Conventions [[1890s]] me rakkhaa gais rahaa. [[Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia ke niche gives basic details about the location of the capital, size of the encompassing territory and so forth de hae, jab [[Seat of Government Act 1908]] iske aslii  location ke specify karis rahaa.
|-
|[[Caracas]]||'''{{flaglist|Venezuela|state}}'''
|South America||
|-
| [[Castries]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Lucia}}''' 
| North America ||
|-
| [[Cayenne]] || {{flaglist|French Guiana|local}}
| South America || Overseas departments and regions of France aur [[single territorial collectivity]], [[France]] ke.
|-
| [[Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands|Charlotte Amalie]] || {{flaglist|United States Virgin Islands}} || North America || [[Territories of the United States|Territory of the United States]].
|-
| [[Chișinău]] || '''{{flaglist|Moldova}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Ciudad de la Paz]] || '''{{flaglist|Equatorial Guinea}}''' 
|Africa|| [[Malabo]]  2026 talak capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Cockburn Town]] || {{flaglist|Turks and Caicos Islands}} 
| North America|| British Overseas Territory.
|-
| [[Colombo]] {{small|(executive, judicial)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Sri Lanka}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia|| 1982 talak, capital Colombo rahaa, jahaan pe abhi talak dher sarkaari  institutions hae; iske commercial capital of Sri Lanka bhi maana jaawe hae. Aur dekho: [[Capital of Sri Lanka]].
|-
| [[Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte]] {{small|(official)}} || Also known as Kotte, the city is a [[suburb]] of Colombo.
|-
| [[Conakry]] || '''{{flaglist|Guinea}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Copenhagen]] || '''{{flaglist|Denmark}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Cotonou]] {{small|(de facto)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Benin}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Porto-Novo]] {{small|(official)}} ||
|- id=&quot;D&quot;
| [[Dakar]] || '''{{flaglist|Senegal}}''' ||
|-
| [[Damascus]] || '''{{flaglist|Syria}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Dhaka]] || '''{{flaglist|Bangladesh}}''' ||
|-
| [[Dili]] || '''{{flaglist|East Timor|name=East Timor}}''' ||
|-
| [[Djibouti City|Djibouti]] || '''{{flaglist|Djibouti}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Dodoma]]
|'''{{flaglist|Tanzania}}'''||[[Dar es Salaam]], pahile ke capital aur sab se barraa city, me abhi talak Cabinet of Tanzania, High Court of Tanzania aur List of diplomatic missions in Tanzania hae.
|-
| [[Doha]] || '''{{flaglist|Qatar}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]] || {{flaglist|Isle of Man}} 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe|| British Crown Dependency.
|-
| [[Dublin]] || '''{{flaglist|Ireland}}''' ||
|-
| [[Dushanbe]] || '''{{flaglist|Tajikistan}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;E&quot;
| [[Edinburgh of the Seven Seas]] || {{flaglist|Tristan da Cunha}} 
| || [[British Overseas Territories]] ke hissa of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]].
|- id=&quot;F&quot;
| [[Flying Fish Cove]] || {{flaglist|Christmas Island}} 
| || Australia ke External territory.
|-
| [[Fort-de-France]] || {{flaglist|Martinique}}
| North America || [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas department, region]] aur [[single territorial collectivity]] [[France]] ke.
|-
| [[Freetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Sierra Leone}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Funafuti]] || '''{{flaglist|Tuvalu}}''' 
|Oceania||[[Vaiaku]] gaon, jon Funafuti me hae, de facto capital hae, jisme major organs of control hae
|- id=&quot;G&quot;
| [[Gaborone]] || '''{{flaglist|Botswana}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[George Town, Cayman Islands|George Town]] || {{flaglist|Cayman Islands}} 
|North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Georgetown, Ascension Island|Georgetown]] || {{flaglist|Ascension Island}} 
| || British Overseas Territory of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] ke hissa.
|-
| [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Guyana}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Gibraltar]] || {{flaglist|Gibraltar}} 
|Europe|| British Overseas Territory aur city-state.
|-
| [[Gitega]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Burundi}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Bujumbura, 1962 se 2018 talak capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Bujumbura]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Guatemala City]] || '''{{flaglist|Guatemala}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |North America||
|-
| [[Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy|Gustavia]] || {{flaglist|Saint Barthélemy|local}} || France ke Overseas collectivity.
|- id=&quot;H&quot;
| [[Hagåtña]] || {{flaglist|Guam}} 
|Oceania|| Territory of the United States.
|-
| [[Hamilton, Bermuda|Hamilton]] || {{flaglist|Bermuda}} 
|North America|| British Overseas Territory.
|-
| [[Hanoi]] || '''{{VIE}}''' 
|Asia||Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Vietnam]].
|-
| [[Harare]] || '''{{ZIM}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Hargeisa]] || {{flaglist|Somaliland}} ||Ii ''de facto'' independent state hae, jiske UN  Somalia ke hissa maane hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=WorldCapital org |date=2025-11-26 |title=Somalia |url=https://worldcapitals.org/africa/somalia/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=Capital |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Havana]] || '''{{flaglist|Cuba}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Helsinki]] || '''{{flaglist|Finland}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Honiara]] || '''{{flaglist|Solomon Islands}}''' 
| Oceania||Honiara,  [[Guadalcanal]] island ke ek basti hae.
|- id=&quot;I&quot;
| [[Islamabad]] || '''{{flaglist|Pakistan}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia|| [[Karachi]], Pakistan ke pahila  capital rahaa,   1948 se. Ek planned capital, Islamabad, ke 1958 me designate karaa gais rahaa , as an interim measure, aur capital ke [[Rawalpindi]] hatae ke kar dewa gais rahaa, jon , hoe waala capital ke nagiich rahaa. Islamabad 1967 me capital banaa rahaa. 
|- id=&quot;J&quot;

|[[Jakarta]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{INA}}''' || Capital ke [[Nusantara (city)|Nusantara]] Borneo me, hate ke kar dewa jaai. Aur dekho: [[Capital of Indonesia]].
|-
|[[Nusantara (city)|Nusantara]] ||
|-

| [[Jamestown, Saint Helena|Jamestown]] || {{flaglist|Saint Helena}} 
| || British Overseas Territory of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] ke ek hissa.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Jerusalem]]
|'''{{flaglist|Israel}}'''
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |The [[Jerusalem Law]] states that &quot;Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel&quot; and the city serves as the seat of the Israeli government and its institutions. [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 478]] declared the Jerusalem Law &quot;null and void&quot; and called on member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from Jerusalem. Nearly all countries currently have [[List of diplomatic missions in Israel|their embassies]] in and around [[Tel Aviv]]. Defying the [[United Nations|UN]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://press.un.org/en/2017/ga11995.doc.htm | title=General Assembly Overwhelmingly Adopts Resolution Asking Nations Not to Locate Diplomatic Missions in Jerusalem &amp;#124; Meetings Coverage and Press Releases }}&lt;/ref&gt; the United States [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognized Jerusalem as the capital]] and moved [[Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem|its embassy]] there in May 2018.&lt;ref&gt;See the [https://web.archive.org/web/20260118073834/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/ CIA Factbook] and [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/israel.pdf Map of Israel]&lt;/ref&gt; Many countries officially adhere to the proposal that Jerusalem should have international status, as called for in the [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine|1947 Partition Plan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Sharkansky |first=Ira |author-link=Ira Sharkansky |title=Governing Jerusalem: Again on the world's agenda |page=[https://archive.org/details/governingjerusal0000shar/page/23 23] |publisher=Wayne State University Press |year=1996 |isbn=0-8143-2592-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/governingjerusal0000shar/page/23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Palestine}}'''
|-
| [[Ramallah]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Juba]] || '''{{flaglist|South Sudan}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id=&quot;K&quot;
| [[Kabul]] || '''{{flaglist|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|name=Afghanistan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Kampala]] || '''{{flaglist|Uganda}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Kathmandu]] || '''{{flaglist|Nepal}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Khartoum]] || '''{{flaglist|Sudan}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Kigali]] || '''{{flaglist|Rwanda}}''' ||
|-
| [[King Edward Point]] || {{flaglist|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} 
| || [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || '''{{flaglist|Jamaica}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Kingston, Norfolk Island|Kingston]] || {{flaglist|Norfolk Island}} 
| Oceania|| [[States and territories of Australia|External territory]] of [[Australia]].
|-
| [[Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Kingstown]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Kinshasa]] || '''{{flaglist|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Kralendijk]] || {{flaglist|Bonaire}}
| North America || [[Caribbean Netherlands|Public body]] of the [[Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Kuala Lumpur]] {{small|(''de jure'', legislative and royal)}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{MAS}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Putrajaya]] {{small|(administrative and judicial)}} ||
|-
| [[Kuwait City]] || '''{{flaglist|Kuwait}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Kyiv]] || '''{{flaglist|Ukraine}}''' 
|Europe||
|- id=&quot;L&quot;
| [[La Paz]] {{small|(administrative)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Bolivia}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |South America|| [[La Paz]] is the [[List of capital cities by elevation|highest administrative capital]] (3,650 m) in the world, higher than Quito.&lt;ref name=&quot;Highest&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sucre]] {{small|(constitutional)}} ||
|-
| [[Laayoune]] {{small|(declared)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{flaglist|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|name=Western Sahara}} 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Africa|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[List of states with limited recognition|''De facto'' independent state]] contested by both the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR), and [[Morocco]].  Laayoune is within [[Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara|Moroccan-controlled territory]] while Tifariti is within [[Free Zone (region)|Sahrawi-controlled territory]] and serves as the [[temporary capital]] (previously [[Bir Lehlou]]).  Some government and military buildings reside in exile in [[Tindouf, Algeria]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|title=CIA - The World Factbook -- Western Sahara|date=June 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|archive-date=2007-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; See also: [[Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]].
|-
| [[Tifariti]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Libreville]] || '''{{flaglist|Gabon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lilongwe]] || '''{{flaglist|Malawi}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lima]] || '''{{flaglist|Peru|state}}''' 
|South America|| [[Cusco]] is declared the &quot;historical capital&quot; ({{langx|es|capital histórica}}), by Article 49 of the [[Constitution of Peru|Peruvian Constitution]], a merely symbolic statement. [[Arequipa]] is deemed the &quot;legal capital&quot; as it is the seat of the [[Constitutional Court of Peru|Constitutional Court]].
|-
| [[Lisbon]] || '''{{POR}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Ljubljana]] || '''{{flaglist|Slovenia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lobamba]] {{small|(royal and legislative)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Eswatini}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Mbabane]] {{small|(administrative)}} ||
|-
| [[Lomé]] || '''{{flaglist|Togo}}''' ||
|-
| [[London]] || '''{{UK}}''' 
|Europe|| Prior to the [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union in 1707]], London was the capital of England only; Edinburgh was the capital of the [[Kingdom of Scotland]]. The United Kingdom includes the subdivisions of {{Flagu|England}} (capital London), {{Flagu|Scotland}} (capital [[Edinburgh]]), {{Flagu|Wales}} ([[Capital of Wales|capital]] [[Cardiff]]), Northern Ireland (capital [[Belfast]]).
|-
|[[London]] {{Small|(administration)}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Flaglist|British Indian Ocean Territory}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]. Officially, the British Indian Ocean Territory is administered from London,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Governance {{!}} British Indian Ocean Territory |url=https://www.biot.gov.io/governance/ |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.biot.gov.io}}&lt;/ref&gt; though some consider the capital to be [[Diego Garcia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) |url=https://islandstudies.com/files/2016/11/British-Indian-Ocean-Territory-BIOT.pdf |website=Island Studies |publisher=[[University of Prince Edward Island]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Diego Garcia]] {{Small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Longyearbyen]] || {{flaglist|Svalbard and Jan Mayen}}
| Europe || [[Svalbard and Jan Mayen|Unincorporated area]] of the [[Kingdom of Norway]].
|-
| [[Luanda]] || '''{{flaglist|Angola}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Lusaka]] || '''{{flaglist|Zambia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Luxembourg City|Luxembourg]] || '''{{flaglist|Luxembourg}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|- id=&quot;M&quot;
| [[Madrid]] || '''{{flaglist|Spain}}''' ||
|-
| [[Majuro]] || '''{{flaglist|Marshall Islands}}''' 
| Oceania||Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. The seat of government is at [[Delap-Uliga-Djarrit]], a settlement on the atoll of Majuro.
|-
| [[Malé]] || '''{{flaglist|Maldives}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Mamoudzou]] || {{flaglist|Mayotte|local}}
| Africa || [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas department, region]] and [[single territorial collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Managua]] || '''{{flaglist|Nicaragua}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Manama]] || '''{{flaglist|Bahrain}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Manila]] || '''{{PHI}}''' ||
|-
| [[Maputo]] || '''{{flaglist|Mozambique}}''' 
| Africa||
|-
| [[Mariehamn]] || {{flaglist|Åland Islands}} 
| Europe|| Autonomous region of [[Finland]].
|-
| [[Marigot, Saint Martin|Marigot]] || {{flaglist|Saint Martin|local}} 
| North America|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Maseru]] || '''{{flaglist|Lesotho}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Mata Utu]] || {{flaglist|Wallis and Futuna|local}} 
| Oceania|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Mexico City]] || '''{{flaglist|Mexico}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Minsk]] || '''{{flaglist|Belarus}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Mogadishu]] || '''{{flaglist|Somalia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Municipality of Monaco|Monaco]] || '''{{flaglist|Monaco}}''' 
|Europe|| [[City-state]]. Monaco does not have a capital designated in [[Constitution of Monaco|its constitution]]; however, the Commune of Monaco, the country's only [[Commune (administrative division)|commune]], is coterminous with the nation, making it the ''de facto'' capital.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gouvernement Princier Principauté de Monaco&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Constitution of the Principality |url=https://en.gouv.mc/Government-Institutions/Institutions/Constitution-of-the-Principality |website=Gouvernement Princier Principauté de Monaco |publisher=Principauté de Monaco |access-date=28 February 2020 |language=en |date=17 December 1962}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Monaco |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Monaco |website=Britannica |access-date=28 February 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Monrovia]] || '''{{flaglist|Liberia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Montevideo]] || '''{{flaglist|Uruguay}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Moroni, Comoros|Moroni]] || '''{{flaglist|Comoros}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Moscow]] || '''{{flaglist|Russia}}''' 
|Europe|| [[Saint Petersburg]] is residence of [[Constitutional Court of Russia]]
|-
| [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]] || '''{{OMA}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;N&quot;
| [[Nairobi]] || '''{{flaglist|Kenya}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]] || '''{{flaglist|Bahamas, The}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Naypyidaw]] || '''{{MYA}}''' 
|Asia||[[Yangon]] was the capital until 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nay Pyi Taw {{!}} national capital, Myanmar {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nay-Pyi-Taw |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; See also: [[List of capitals of Myanmar]].
|-
| [[N'Djamena]] || '''{{flaglist|Chad}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[New Delhi]] || '''{{IND}}''' 
|Asia|| [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] was the capital of [[India]] until 1911 during the [[British Raj]].
|-
| [[Ngerulmud]] || '''{{flaglist|Palau}}''' 
| Oceania|| Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. [[Koror City]] was the capital until 2006. 
|-
| [[Niamey]] || '''{{flaglist|Niger}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Nicosia]] || '''{{flaglist|Cyprus}}'''&lt;br&gt; 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nicosia is a [[List of divided cities|divided capital]], split between Cyprus, which claims the whole city, and the [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|internationally unrecognized]] breakaway state of Northern Cyprus.
|-
|{{flaglist|Northern Cyprus}}
|-
| [[Nouakchott]] || '''{{flaglist|Mauritania}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Nouméa]] || {{flagdeco|New Caledonia|local}} [[New Caledonia]] 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Oceania|| [[Overseas territory]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Nukuʻalofa]] || '''{{flaglist|Tonga}}''' ||
|-

| [[Nuuk]] || {{flaglist|Greenland}} 
|North America|| Self-governing country within the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]].
|- id=&quot;O&quot;
| [[Oranjestad]] || {{flaglist|Aruba}} 
| South America|| Self-governing country within the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius|Oranjestad]] || {{flaglist|Sint Eustatius}}
| North America || [[Caribbean Netherlands|Public body]] of the [[Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Oslo]] || '''{{NOR}}''' 
|Europe||See also: [[List of historical capitals of Norway]].
|-
| [[Ottawa]] || '''{{CAN}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Ouagadougou]] || '''{{flaglist|Burkina Faso}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id=&quot;P&quot;
| [[Pago Pago]] || {{flaglist|American Samoa}} 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Oceania|| [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]].
|-
| [[Palikir]] || '''{{flaglist|Micronesia|name=Micronesia}}''' || Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. [[Kolonia]] is the former capital and [[Australia]], [[China]], [[Japan]] and the [[United States]] retain embassies there.
|-
| [[Panama City]] || '''{{flaglist|Panama}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Papeete]] || {{flaglist|French Polynesia}} 
| Oceania|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Paramaribo]] || '''{{flaglist|Suriname}}''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=WordCapital org |date=2025-09-25 |title=Suriname |url=https://worldcapitals.org/south-america/suriname/ |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=Capital |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| South America||
|-
| [[Paris]] || '''{{FRA}}''' 
|Europe||See also: [[List of capitals of France|List of Capitals of France]].
|-
| [[Philipsburg, Sint Maarten|Philipsburg]] || {{flaglist|Sint Maarten}} 
| North America|| Self-governing country within the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Phnom Penh]] || '''{{CAM}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
|[[Podgorica]]
|'''{{flaglist|Montenegro}}'''
|Europe
|[[Cetinje]] has been designated the &quot;Old Royal Capital&quot; and is the present seat of the [[President of Montenegro|President]].
|-
| [[Port Louis]] || '''{{flaglist|Mauritius}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Port Moresby]] || '''{{flaglist|Papua New Guinea}}''' 
| Oceania||
|-
| [[Port of Spain]] || '''{{flaglist|Trinidad and Tobago}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Port Vila]] || '''{{flaglist|Vanuatu}}''' 
| Oceania||
|-
| [[Port-au-Prince]] || '''{{flaglist|Haiti}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Prague]] || '''{{CZE}}''' 
|Europe|| The [[Supreme Court of the Czech Republic]] is located in [[Brno]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-30 |title=Countries With More Than One Capital City |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/cities/countries-with-more-than-one-capital-city.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Praia]] || '''{{flaglist|Cape Verde}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Pristina]] || {{flaglist|Kosovo}} 
|Europe|| [[List of states with limited recognition|''De facto'' independent state]] claimed entirely by [[Serbia]] as part of its [[Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija]].
|-
| [[Pyongyang]] || '''{{PRK}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;Q&quot;
| [[Quito]] || '''{{flaglist|Ecuador}}''' 
|South America|| [[List of capital cities by elevation|Highest official capital]] (2,850 m).&lt;ref name = &quot;Highest&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/19/amazonia-or-bust/#ftn3 |title=Amazonia or Bust! |last=Jacobs |first=Frank |newspaper=New York Times |date=19 June 2012 |access-date=28 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- id=&quot;R&quot;
| [[Rabat]] || '''{{flaglist|Morocco}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Reykjavík]] || '''{{flaglist|Iceland}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Riga]] || '''{{flaglist|Latvia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Riyadh]] || '''{{KSA}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Road Town]] || {{flaglist|British Virgin Islands}} 
| North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Rome]] || '''{{flaglist|Italy}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Roseau]] || '''{{flaglist|Dominica}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Rothera Research Station|Rothera]] || {{flaglist|British Antarctic Territory}} 
| Antarctica|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]
|- id=&quot;S&quot;
| [[Saipan]] || {{flaglist|Northern Mariana Islands}} 
| Oceania|| [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]]. The seat of government is at [[Capitol Hill, Saipan|Capitol Hill]], a settlement on the island of Saipan.
|-
| [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]] || {{flaglist|Réunion|local}}
| Africa || [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas department and region]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]] || '''{{flaglist|Costa Rica}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | North America||
|-
| [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]] || {{flaglist|Puerto Rico}} || [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]].
|-
| [[City of San Marino|San Marino]] || '''{{flaglist|San Marino}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[San Salvador]] || '''{{flaglist|El Salvador}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Santiago]]|| '''{{flaglist|Chile}}''' 
|South America||The [[National Congress of Chile]] is located in [[Valparaíso]].
|-
| [[Santo Domingo]] || '''{{flaglist|Dominican Republic}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[São Tomé]] || '''{{flaglist|São Tomé and Príncipe}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Sarajevo]] || '''{{flaglist|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Seoul]] || '''{{KOR}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||On 2 July 2012, some government functions moved to [[Sejong City]], which became the ''de facto'' administrative capital.
|-
| [[Singapore]] || '''{{SIN}}''' || [[City-state]].
|-
| [[Skopje]] || '''{{flaglist|North Macedonia|name=North Macedonia}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Sofia]] || '''{{flaglist|Bulgaria}}''' ||
|-
| [[South Tarawa]] || '''{{KIR}}''' 
| Oceania||South Tarawa is a settlement on the atoll of [[Tarawa]].
|-
| [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]] || '''{{flaglist|Grenada}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[St. Helier]] || {{flaglist|Jersey}} 
| Europe|| [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]].
|-
| | [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]]&lt;ref name='cia'&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260115003123/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antigua-and-barbuda/ Antigua and Barbuda] - CIA World Factbook&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/place/Antigua-and-Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda] - Encyclopaedia Britannica&lt;/ref&gt; || '''{{flaglist|Antigua and Barbuda}}'''
| North America|| 
|-
| [[St. Peter Port]] || {{flaglist|Guernsey}} 
| Europe|| [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]].
|-
| [[St. Pierre, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|St. Pierre]] || {{flaglist|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} 
| North America|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Stanley, Falkland Islands|Stanley]] || {{flaglist|Falkland Islands}} 
| South America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Stockholm]] || '''{{flaglist|Sweden}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Sukhumi]] || {{flaglist|Abkhazia}} 
| Asia/Europe|| ''De facto'' independent state [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|with partial recognition]] claimed in whole by [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] as the [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia]].
|-
| [[Suva]] || '''{{flaglist|Fiji}}''' 
| Oceania||
|- id=&quot;T&quot;
| [[Taipei]] || {{flaglist|Taiwan}} 
|Asia|| ''De facto'' independent state, officially called the Republic of China, in competition with the [[China|People's Republic of China]] for recognition as the [[One China|sole Chinese government]] since 1949. Taiwan controls the [[Geography of Taiwan|island of Taiwan]] and the [[List of islands of Taiwan|associated islands]] Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas, and part of the [[Spratly Islands]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Spratly&quot; group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;Sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by the PRC, the ROC, [[Vietnam]], the [[Philippines]] (part), [[Malaysia]] (part), and [[Brunei]] (part).&lt;/ref&gt; Its territory is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.&lt;ref name=&quot;TAI2&quot; group=Note&gt;In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) lost the [[Chinese Civil War]] to the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the People's Republic. As such, the [[Political status of Taiwan|political status]] of the ROC and the [[legal status of Taiwan]] (alongside the [[Free Area of the Republic of China|territories]] under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the [[United Nations]] gave the [[China and the United Nations|China seat]] to the PRC instead of the ROC: most states recognize the PRC to be the [[One-China policy|sole legitimate representative of all China]], and the UN classifies Taiwan as &quot;[[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan, Province of China]]&quot;. The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates [[Taiwan independence]].&lt;/ref&gt; The Republic of China participates in a number of international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly [[Chinese Taipei]].
|-
| [[Tallinn]] || '''{{flaglist|Estonia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Tashkent]] || '''{{UZB}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Tbilisi]] || '''{{flaglist|Georgia}}''' 
| Asia/Europe||From 2012 to 2018, [[Kutaisi]] served as Georgia's legislative capital. Additionally, [[Mtskheta]] is sometimes called an &quot;ancient capital&quot; of Georgia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mtskheta {{!}} Ancient Capital, UNESCO Site {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mtskheta |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Georgia marks day of ancient capital Mtskheta, Svetitskhoveli UNESCO monument |url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2022/3999 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=Agenda.ge}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Tegucigalpa]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Honduras}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | North America|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Comayagüela is declared in the [[Constitution of Honduras|Honduran Constitution]] as co-official capital with Tegucigalpa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-07-05 |title=Constitution of Honduras |url=http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705043950/http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-05 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; The cities have since merged into a single urban area.
|-
|[[Comayagüela]]
|-
| [[Tehran]] || '''{{flaglist|Iran}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Thimphu]] || '''{{flaglist|Bhutan}}''' ||
|-
| [[The Bottom]] || {{flaglist|Saba}}
| North America || [[Caribbean Netherlands|Public body]] of the [[Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Tirana]] || '''{{flaglist|Albania}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Tiraspol]] || {{flaglist|Transnistria|state}} || ''De facto'' independent state, [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|recognized by only non UN members]]. Claimed in whole by [[Moldova]] as the autonomous territorial unit of [[Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester]]
|-
| [[Tokyo]] || '''{{JPN}}''' 
|Asia||See also: [[Capital of Japan]].
|-
| [[Tórshavn]] || {{flaglist|Faroe Islands}} 
|Europe|| Self-governing country within the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]].
|-
| [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] || '''{{flaglist|Libya}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Tskhinvali]] || {{flaglist|South Ossetia}} 
| Asia/Europe|| ''De facto'' independent state [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|with limited recognition]]. Claimed in whole by [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] as the [[Provisional Administration of South Ossetia]].
|-
| [[Tunis]] || '''{{flaglist|Tunisia}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id=&quot;U&quot;
| [[Ulaanbaatar]] || '''{{flaglist|Mongolia}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;V&quot;
| [[Vaduz]] || '''{{flaglist|Liechtenstein}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Valletta]] || '''{{flaglist|Malta}}''' ||
|-
| [[The Valley, Anguilla|The Valley]] || {{flaglist|Anguilla}} 
| North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Vatican City]] || '''{{flaglist|Vatican City}}''' 
|Europe|| [[City-state]].
|-
| [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]] || '''{{flaglist|Seychelles}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Vienna]] || '''{{flaglist|Austria}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Vientiane]] || '''{{LAO}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Vilnius]] || '''{{flaglist|Lithuania}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|- id=&quot;W&quot;
| [[Warsaw]] || '''{{flaglist|Poland}}''' ||Former capitals listed in [[Template:Historical capitals of Poland]].
|-
| [[Washington, D.C.]] || '''{{US}}''' 
|North America||The capital of the United States has moved several times. See also: [[List of capitals in the United States#National capitals|National capitals of the United States]].
|-
| [[Wellington]] || '''{{NZL}}''' 
|Oceania|| Since 1865. Wellington is New Zealand's third capital. See also: [[Capital of New Zealand]].
|-
| [[West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands|West Island]] || {{flaglist|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} 
| || [[States and territories of Australia|External territory]] of [[Australia]].
|-
| [[Willemstad]] || {{flaglist|Curaçao}} 
| || Self-governing country within the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Windhoek]] || '''{{flaglist|Namibia}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|- id=&quot;Y&quot;
| [[Yaoundé]] || '''{{flaglist|Cameroon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Yaren]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}|| '''{{flaglist|Nauru}}''' 
| Oceania|| Nauru has no official capital, nor cities; the government offices are in Yaren district.
|-
| [[Yerevan]] || '''{{flaglist|Armenia}}''' 
| Asia/Europe||
|- id=&quot;Z&quot;
| [[Zagreb]] || '''{{CRO}}''' 
|Europe||
|}


{{Commonscat|Capitals}}

[[vibhag:C]]
[[vibhag:Capital cities| ]]</text>
      <sha1>mfwwttdacsij4cjwywygiqswop7lvqe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339358</id>
      <parentid>339223</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T09:23:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sampaadak</username>
        <id>1104</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>339358</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39478" sha1="7p39nqehrfhswl70sb141dokarl08w0" xml:space="preserve">'''Capital [[city]]''' (nai to khali '''capital'''; '''raajdhaani''') uu jagha hae jahan pe [[des]], [[state]] nai to [[province]] ke khaas administration waala jagha rahe hae.

Leader log aur sarkr ke karachari log capital city me kaam kare hae.

Capital jaada kar ke barraa city rahe hae, jaise ki, [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay|Uruguay's]] ke sab se barraa city hae, aur Uruguay ke capital bhi hae, lekin caputal sab time des ke sab se barra city nai rahe hae jaise ki [[India]] ke capital, [[New Delhi]], [[Mumbai]] se chhota hae aur [[Pakistan]] ke capital [[Islamabad]], [[Karachi]] se chhota hae.

Koi koi des me ek se jaada capital rahe hae, jaise ki [[South Africa]] ke capital duuno [[Cape Town]] aur [[Pretoria]] hae aur kuch des me ekko capital nai rahe hae jaise ki [[Nauru]].

==Dunia ke des ke raajdhaani ke suchi==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:130px;&quot;|City/Town
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:200px;&quot;|Country/Territory
!Continent
! class=&quot;sortable&quot; |Notes
|- id=&quot;A&quot;
| [[Abidjan]] {{small|(pahile ke capital; jahaan pe abhi bhi kuchh sarkari offices hae)}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Ivory Coast|name=Ivory Coast}}''' (Côte d'Ivoire) 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Abidjan, Ivory Coast ke sab se barraa city aur sarkaari taur pe economic capital hae.
|-
| [[Yamoussoukro]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Abu Dhabi]] || '''{{flaglist|United Arab Emirates}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Abuja]] || '''{{flaglist|Nigeria}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa|| [[Lagos]] 1914 se 1991 talak capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Accra]] || '''{{flaglist|Ghana}}''' ||
|-
| [[Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands|Adamstown]] || {{flaglist|Pitcairn Islands}} 
| Oceania|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Addis Ababa]] || '''{{flaglist|Ethiopia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Aden]] {{small|(''de facto'', temporary)}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Yemen}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Yemen abhi civil war me hae, aur Sanaa ke Houthi rebels September 2014 se occupy kare hae. Aden, jon  [[South Yemen]] ke pahile ke capital rahaa, uu time se  provisional capital hae, internationally-recognized sarkar ke, lekin sarkari leadership city chhorr ke chal diye rahin, December 2025 takeover, by its separatist faction ke baad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Separatists claim broad control of southern Yemen |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/separatists-claim-broad-control-southern-yemen-2025-12-08/ |access-date=12 December 2025 |work=Reuters |date=8 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pro-coalition government flees Aden as tensions with STC escalate |url=https://en.ypagency.net/378552 |access-date=12 December 2025 |work=Yemen Press Agency |date=8 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Sanaa]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Episkopi Cantonment]] || {{flaglist|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} || [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Algiers]] || '''{{flaglist|Algeria}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Alofi]] || {{flaglist|Niue}} 
| Oceania|| Self-governing aur free association ke saathe [[New Zealand]] ke sanghe hae. Sarkaari offices duuno Alofi North aur Alofi South me hae.
|-
| [[Amman]] || '''{{flaglist|Jordan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Amsterdam]] {{small|(official)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Netherlands}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Europe|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | The Hague Noordeinde Palace, Cabinet of the Netherlands, Supreme Court of the Netherlands aur diplomatic missions hae. 
|-
| [[The Hague]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Andorra la Vella]] || '''{{flaglist|Andorra}}''' ||
|-
| [[Ankara]] || '''{{flaglist|Turkey}}''' 
|Asia||Ankara  Republic of Turkey ke capital 1923 me banaa rahaa,  Turkish War of Independence ke baad. Turkey ke predecessor,  [[Ottoman Empire]], ke capital [[Constantinople]] (abhi ke [[Istanbul]]) rahaa.
|-
| [[Antananarivo]] || '''{{flaglist|Madagascar}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Apia]] || '''{{flaglist|Samoa}}''' 
|Oceania||
|-
| [[Ashgabat]] || '''{{flaglist|Turkmenistan}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Asmara]] || '''{{flaglist|Eritrea}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Astana]] || '''{{flaglist|Kazakhstan}}''' 
|Asia|| Astana ke naam Nur-Sultan, 2019 se 2022 talak rahaa. [[Almaty]] Kazakhstan ke capital 1991 se 1997 talak rahaa aur isse pahile Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic ke capital, 1929 se 1991 talak rahaa.
|-
| [[Asunción]] || '''{{flaglist|Paraguay}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Atafu]] {{small|(atoll administration)}} || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | {{flaglist|Tokelau}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Oceania || Sab se barraa city aur sab se chhotaa [[atoll]] hae. [[New Zealand]], [[Tokelau]] ke own kare hae.
|-
| [[Nukunonu]] {{small|(atoll administration)}} || Sab se barraa [[atoll]]. Iske abaadi  531 hae.
|-
| [[Fakaofo]] {{small|(atoll administration)}} || Ii atoll ke sab se jaada abaadi waala city, [[Fale, Tokelau]] hae
|-
| [[Athens]] || '''{{flaglist|Greece}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Avarua]] || {{flaglist|Cook Islands}} 
|Oceania|| Self-governing in free association with [[New Zealand]]. Iske capital ke kabhi-kabhi galti se [[Rarotonga]] bataawa jaawe hae, uu island jisme  Avarua hae.
|- id=&quot;B&quot;
| [[Baghdad]] || '''{{flaglist|Iraq}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Baku]] || '''{{flaglist|Azerbaijan}}'''
| Asia/Europe||
|-
| [[Bamako]] || '''{{flaglist|Mali}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] || '''{{flaglist|Brunei}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Bangkok]] || '''{{THA}}''' ||
|-
| [[Bangui]] || '''{{flaglist|Central African Republic}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Banjul]] || '''{{flaglist|Gambia|name=Gambia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Basseterre]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}''' 
| rowspan=2 | North America||
|-
| [[Basse-Terre]] || {{flaglist|Guadeloupe|local}} || Overseas department and region of [[France]] hae.
|-
| [[Beijing]] || '''{{CHN}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia|| [[Historical capitals of China]] ke bhi dekho.
|-
| [[Beirut]] || '''{{flaglist|Lebanon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Belgrade]] || '''{{flaglist|Serbia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Belmopan]] || '''{{flaglist|Belize}}''' 
|North America|| [[Belize City]]  Belize ke pahile waala naam,  [[British Honduras]] ke niche, bhi capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Berlin]] || '''{{flaglist|Germany}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe|| [[Bonn]] , [[West Germany]] ke capital rahaa aur   reunified Germany ke capital 1999 talak rahaa, aur hian pe abhi talak chhe ministries hae. [[Capital of Germany]] ke bhi dekho. 
|-
| [[Bern]] {{Small|(''de facto'')}}|| '''{{flaglist|Switzerland}}''' ||
|-
| [[Bishkek]] || '''{{flaglist|Kyrgyzstan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Bissau]] || '''{{flaglist|Guinea-Bissau}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Bloemfontein]] {{small|(judicial)}} || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | '''{{flaglist|South Africa}}''' ||
|-
| [[Cape Town]] {{small|(legislative)}} ||
|-
| [[Pretoria]] {{small|(executive)}} ||
|-
| [[Bogotá]] || '''{{flaglist|Colombia}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Brades]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{flaglist|Montserrat}} 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | North America|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]. Plymouth ke [[Soufrière Hills]] volcano eruption ke baad, 1997 me abandon kar dewa gais rahaa. Uske baad sarkaari offices ke [[Brades]] hatae ke kar dewa gais hae, jon northwestern Montserrat me hae. Ek nawaa capital, [[Little Bay, Montserrat|Little Bay]], ke abhi banaawa jaawe hae.
|-
| [[Plymouth, Montserrat|Plymouth]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Brasília]] || '''{{flaglist|Brazil}}''' 
|South America||[[Rio de Janeiro]], 1960 talak capital rahaa. Aur dekho: [[Capitals of Brazil]].
|-
| [[Bratislava]] || '''{{flaglist|Slovakia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Brazzaville]] || '''{{flaglist|Congo}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Bridgetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Barbados}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[City of Brussels|Brussels]] || '''{{flaglist|Belgium}}'''&lt;br&gt; 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Europe||
|-
|{{flaglist|European Union}} {{Small|(''de facto'')&lt;ref name=&quot;capital&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cybriwsky |first=Roman Adrian |title=Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-61069-248-9 |page=[{{GBurl|id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ|p=64}} 64] |quote=Brussels, the capital of Belgium, is considered to be the de facto capital of the EU}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}||
|-
| [[Bucharest]] || '''{{flaglist|Romania}}''' ||
|-
| [[Budapest]] || '''{{flaglist|Hungary}}''' ||Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Hungary]].
|-
| [[Buenos Aires]] || '''{{flaglist|Argentina}}''' 
|South America||
|- id=&quot;C&quot;
|[[Cairo]]||'''{{flaglist|Egypt}}'''
|Africa||Ek nawaa capital ke abhi banaawa jaawe hae Iske naam saait Egypt rahii. Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Egypt]].
|-
|[[Canberra]]||'''{{flaglist|Australia}}'''
|Oceania|| Ii ek planned city hae jiske   [[Melbourne]] (''de facto'' jon uu time capital rahaa) aur [[Sydney]] (economic capital aur sab se jaada abaadi waala city) ke rivalry ke kaaran banaawa gais rahaa, duuno ke naam potential capitals in the Australasia Federation Conventions [[1890s]] me rakkhaa gais rahaa. [[Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia ke niche gives basic details about the location of the capital, size of the encompassing territory and so forth de hae, jab [[Seat of Government Act 1908]] iske aslii  location ke specify karis rahaa.
|-
|[[Caracas]]||'''{{flaglist|Venezuela|state}}'''
|South America||
|-
| [[Castries]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Lucia}}''' 
| North America ||
|-
| [[Cayenne]] || {{flaglist|French Guiana|local}}
| South America || Overseas departments and regions of France aur [[single territorial collectivity]], [[France]] ke.
|-
| [[Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands|Charlotte Amalie]] || {{flaglist|United States Virgin Islands}} || North America || [[Territories of the United States|Territory of the United States]].
|-
| [[Chișinău]] || '''{{flaglist|Moldova}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Ciudad de la Paz]] || '''{{flaglist|Equatorial Guinea}}''' 
|Africa|| [[Malabo]]  2026 talak capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Cockburn Town]] || {{flaglist|Turks and Caicos Islands}} 
| North America|| British Overseas Territory.
|-
| [[Colombo]] {{small|(executive, judicial)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Sri Lanka}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia|| 1982 talak, capital Colombo rahaa, jahaan pe abhi talak dher sarkaari  institutions hae; iske commercial capital of Sri Lanka bhi maana jaawe hae. Aur dekho: [[Capital of Sri Lanka]].
|-
| [[Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte]] {{small|(official)}} || Also known as Kotte, the city is a [[suburb]] of Colombo.
|-
| [[Conakry]] || '''{{flaglist|Guinea}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Copenhagen]] || '''{{flaglist|Denmark}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Cotonou]] {{small|(de facto)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Benin}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Porto-Novo]] {{small|(official)}} ||
|- id=&quot;D&quot;
| [[Dakar]] || '''{{flaglist|Senegal}}''' ||
|-
| [[Damascus]] || '''{{flaglist|Syria}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Dhaka]] || '''{{flaglist|Bangladesh}}''' ||
|-
| [[Dili]] || '''{{flaglist|East Timor|name=East Timor}}''' ||
|-
| [[Djibouti City|Djibouti]] || '''{{flaglist|Djibouti}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Dodoma]]
|'''{{flaglist|Tanzania}}'''||[[Dar es Salaam]], pahile ke capital aur sab se barraa city, me abhi talak Cabinet of Tanzania, High Court of Tanzania aur List of diplomatic missions in Tanzania hae.
|-
| [[Doha]] || '''{{flaglist|Qatar}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]] || {{flaglist|Isle of Man}} 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe|| British Crown Dependency.
|-
| [[Dublin]] || '''{{flaglist|Ireland}}''' ||
|-
| [[Dushanbe]] || '''{{flaglist|Tajikistan}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;E&quot;
| [[Edinburgh of the Seven Seas]] || {{flaglist|Tristan da Cunha}} 
| || [[British Overseas Territories]] ke hissa of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]].
|- id=&quot;F&quot;
| [[Flying Fish Cove]] || {{flaglist|Christmas Island}} 
| || Australia ke External territory.
|-
| [[Fort-de-France]] || {{flaglist|Martinique}}
| North America || [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas department, region]] aur [[single territorial collectivity]] [[France]] ke.
|-
| [[Freetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Sierra Leone}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Funafuti]] || '''{{flaglist|Tuvalu}}''' 
|Oceania||[[Vaiaku]] gaon, jon Funafuti me hae, de facto capital hae, jisme major organs of control hae
|- id=&quot;G&quot;
| [[Gaborone]] || '''{{flaglist|Botswana}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[George Town, Cayman Islands|George Town]] || {{flaglist|Cayman Islands}} 
|North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Georgetown, Ascension Island|Georgetown]] || {{flaglist|Ascension Island}} 
| || British Overseas Territory of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] ke hissa.
|-
| [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Guyana}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Gibraltar]] || {{flaglist|Gibraltar}} 
|Europe|| British Overseas Territory aur city-state.
|-
| [[Gitega]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Burundi}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Bujumbura, 1962 se 2018 talak capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Bujumbura]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Guatemala City]] || '''{{flaglist|Guatemala}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |North America||
|-
| [[Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy|Gustavia]] || {{flaglist|Saint Barthélemy|local}} || France ke Overseas collectivity.
|- id=&quot;H&quot;
| [[Hagåtña]] || {{flaglist|Guam}} 
|Oceania|| Territory of the United States.
|-
| [[Hamilton, Bermuda|Hamilton]] || {{flaglist|Bermuda}} 
|North America|| British Overseas Territory.
|-
| [[Hanoi]] || '''{{VIE}}''' 
|Asia||Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Vietnam]].
|-
| [[Harare]] || '''{{ZIM}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Hargeisa]] || {{flaglist|Somaliland}} ||Ii ''de facto'' independent state hae, jiske UN  Somalia ke hissa maane hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=WorldCapital org |date=2025-11-26 |title=Somalia |url=https://worldcapitals.org/africa/somalia/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=Capital |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Havana]] || '''{{flaglist|Cuba}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Helsinki]] || '''{{flaglist|Finland}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Honiara]] || '''{{flaglist|Solomon Islands}}''' 
| Oceania||Honiara,  [[Guadalcanal]] island ke ek basti hae.
|- id=&quot;I&quot;
| [[Islamabad]] || '''{{flaglist|Pakistan}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia|| [[Karachi]], Pakistan ke pahila  capital rahaa,   1948 se. Ek planned capital, Islamabad, ke 1958 me designate karaa gais rahaa , as an interim measure, aur capital ke [[Rawalpindi]] hatae ke kar dewa gais rahaa, jon , hoe waala capital ke nagiich rahaa. Islamabad 1967 me capital banaa rahaa. 
|- id=&quot;J&quot;

|[[Jakarta]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{INA}}''' || Capital ke [[Nusantara (city)|Nusantara]] Borneo me, hatae ke kar dewa jaai. Aur dekho: [[Capital of Indonesia]].
|-
|[[Nusantara (city)|Nusantara]] ||
|-

| [[Jamestown, Saint Helena|Jamestown]] || {{flaglist|Saint Helena}} 
| || British Overseas Territory of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] ke ek hissa.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Jerusalem]]
|'''{{flaglist|Israel}}'''
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Jerusalem Law]] batae hae ki &quot;Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel&quot; aur ii city Israeli sarkar aur iske   institutions ke seat hae. [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 478]] declare karis rahaa ki Jerusalem Law &quot;null and void&quot; hae aur member states se maang kare rahin ki uu log aapan-aapan   diplomatic missions ke Jerusalem se nikal de. Lagbhag sab des ke  embassies  [[Tel Aviv]] me, nai to iske lage hae.  [[United Nations|UN]] ke defy kar ke,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://press.un.org/en/2017/ga11995.doc.htm | title=General Assembly Overwhelmingly Adopts Resolution Asking Nations Not to Locate Diplomatic Missions in Jerusalem &amp;#124; Meetings Coverage and Press Releases }}&lt;/ref&gt; United States recognize karis  Jerusalem ke capital aur aapan  embassy ke May 2018 me huan pe kar diis rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;See the [https://web.archive.org/web/20260118073834/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/ CIA Factbook] and [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/israel.pdf Map of Israel]&lt;/ref&gt; Dher des ii maane hae ki Jerusalem ke ek international status rahe ke chaahi, jaise  1947 Partition Plan me likha rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Sharkansky |first=Ira |author-link=Ira Sharkansky |title=Governing Jerusalem: Again on the world's agenda |page=[https://archive.org/details/governingjerusal0000shar/page/23 23] |publisher=Wayne State University Press |year=1996 |isbn=0-8143-2592-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/governingjerusal0000shar/page/23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Palestine}}'''
|-
| [[Ramallah]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Juba]] || '''{{flaglist|South Sudan}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id=&quot;K&quot;
| [[Kabul]] || '''{{flaglist|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|name=Afghanistan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Kampala]] || '''{{flaglist|Uganda}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Kathmandu]] || '''{{flaglist|Nepal}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Khartoum]] || '''{{flaglist|Sudan}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Kigali]] || '''{{flaglist|Rwanda}}''' ||
|-
| [[King Edward Point]] || {{flaglist|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} 
| || [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || '''{{flaglist|Jamaica}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Kingston, Norfolk Island|Kingston]] || {{flaglist|Norfolk Island}} 
| Oceania|| [[Australia]] ke [[States and territories of Australia|External territory]] hae.
|-
| [[Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Kingstown]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Kinshasa]] || '''{{flaglist|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Kralendijk]] || {{flaglist|Bonaire}}
| North America || ]] [[Netherlands]] ke public body.
|-
| [[Kuala Lumpur]] {{small|(''de jure'', legislative and royal)}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{MAS}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Putrajaya]] {{small|(administrative and judicial)}} ||
|-
| [[Kuwait City]] || '''{{flaglist|Kuwait}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Kyiv]] || '''{{flaglist|Ukraine}}''' 
|Europe||
|- id=&quot;L&quot;
| [[La Paz]] {{small|(administrative)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Bolivia}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |South America|| [[La Paz]], dunia ke sab se uunchaa administrative capital (3,650 m) hae, Quito se bhi uunchaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Highest&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sucre]] {{small|(constitutional)}} ||
|-
| [[Laayoune]] {{small|(declared)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{flaglist|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|name=Western Sahara}} 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Africa|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[List of states with limited recognition|''De facto'' independent state]] jiske duuno [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR), aur [[Morocco]] aapan maane hae.  Laayoune is [[Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara|Moroccan-controlled territory]] me hae jab Tifariti  [[Free Zone (region)|Sahrawi-controlled territory]] me hae aur   [[temporary capital]] (previously [[Bir Lehlou]]) hae. Kuchh sarkari aur  military buildings  exile me [[Tindouf, Algeria]] me hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|title=CIA - The World Factbook -- Western Sahara|date=June 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|archive-date=2007-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; See also: [[Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]].
|-
| [[Tifariti]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Libreville]] || '''{{flaglist|Gabon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lilongwe]] || '''{{flaglist|Malawi}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lima]] || '''{{flaglist|Peru|state}}''' 
|South America|| [[Cusco]] ke &quot;historical capital&quot; maana jaaw ehae , Article 49 of the [[Constitution of Peru|Peruvian Constitution]] ke niche, jon khaali ek symbolic statement hae. [[Arequipa]] ike &quot;legal capital&quot; bataawa jaawr hae kaaheki hian pe [[Constitutional Court of Peru|Constitutional Court]] hae.
|-
| [[Lisbon]] || '''{{POR}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Ljubljana]] || '''{{flaglist|Slovenia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lobamba]] {{small|(royal and legislative)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Eswatini}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Mbabane]] {{small|(administrative)}} ||
|-
| [[Lomé]] || '''{{flaglist|Togo}}''' ||
|-
| [[London]] || '''{{UK}}''' 
|Europe|| [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union in 1707]] se pahile, London khaali  England ke capital rahaa; Edinburgh [[Kingdom of Scotland]] ke capital rahaa. United Kingdom me hae {{Flagu|England}} (capital London), {{Flagu|Scotland}} (capital [[Edinburgh]]), {{Flagu|Wales}} ([[Capital of Wales|capital]] [[Cardiff]]), Northern Ireland (capital [[Belfast]]).
|-
|[[London]] {{Small|(administration)}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Flaglist|British Indian Ocean Territory}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]. Officially, the British Indian Ocean Territory is administered from London,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Governance {{!}} British Indian Ocean Territory |url=https://www.biot.gov.io/governance/ |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.biot.gov.io}}&lt;/ref&gt; though some consider the capital to be [[Diego Garcia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) |url=https://islandstudies.com/files/2016/11/British-Indian-Ocean-Territory-BIOT.pdf |website=Island Studies |publisher=[[University of Prince Edward Island]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Diego Garcia]] {{Small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Longyearbyen]] || {{flaglist|Svalbard and Jan Mayen}}
| Europe || [[Svalbard and Jan Mayen|Unincorporated area]] of the [[Kingdom of Norway]].
|-
| [[Luanda]] || '''{{flaglist|Angola}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Lusaka]] || '''{{flaglist|Zambia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Luxembourg City|Luxembourg]] || '''{{flaglist|Luxembourg}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|- id=&quot;M&quot;
| [[Madrid]] || '''{{flaglist|Spain}}''' ||
|-
| [[Majuro]] || '''{{flaglist|Marshall Islands}}''' 
| Oceania||Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. The seat of government is at [[Delap-Uliga-Djarrit]], a settlement on the atoll of Majuro.
|-
| [[Malé]] || '''{{flaglist|Maldives}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Mamoudzou]] || {{flaglist|Mayotte|local}}
| Africa || [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas department, region]] and [[single territorial collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Managua]] || '''{{flaglist|Nicaragua}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Manama]] || '''{{flaglist|Bahrain}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Manila]] || '''{{PHI}}''' ||
|-
| [[Maputo]] || '''{{flaglist|Mozambique}}''' 
| Africa||
|-
| [[Mariehamn]] || {{flaglist|Åland Islands}} 
| Europe|| Autonomous region of [[Finland]].
|-
| [[Marigot, Saint Martin|Marigot]] || {{flaglist|Saint Martin|local}} 
| North America|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Maseru]] || '''{{flaglist|Lesotho}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Mata Utu]] || {{flaglist|Wallis and Futuna|local}} 
| Oceania|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Mexico City]] || '''{{flaglist|Mexico}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Minsk]] || '''{{flaglist|Belarus}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Mogadishu]] || '''{{flaglist|Somalia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Municipality of Monaco|Monaco]] || '''{{flaglist|Monaco}}''' 
|Europe|| [[City-state]]. Monaco does not have a capital designated in [[Constitution of Monaco|its constitution]]; however, the Commune of Monaco, the country's only [[Commune (administrative division)|commune]], is coterminous with the nation, making it the ''de facto'' capital.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gouvernement Princier Principauté de Monaco&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Constitution of the Principality |url=https://en.gouv.mc/Government-Institutions/Institutions/Constitution-of-the-Principality |website=Gouvernement Princier Principauté de Monaco |publisher=Principauté de Monaco |access-date=28 February 2020 |language=en |date=17 December 1962}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Monaco |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Monaco |website=Britannica |access-date=28 February 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Monrovia]] || '''{{flaglist|Liberia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Montevideo]] || '''{{flaglist|Uruguay}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Moroni, Comoros|Moroni]] || '''{{flaglist|Comoros}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Moscow]] || '''{{flaglist|Russia}}''' 
|Europe|| [[Saint Petersburg]] is residence of [[Constitutional Court of Russia]]
|-
| [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]] || '''{{OMA}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;N&quot;
| [[Nairobi]] || '''{{flaglist|Kenya}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]] || '''{{flaglist|Bahamas, The}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Naypyidaw]] || '''{{MYA}}''' 
|Asia||[[Yangon]] was the capital until 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nay Pyi Taw {{!}} national capital, Myanmar {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nay-Pyi-Taw |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; See also: [[List of capitals of Myanmar]].
|-
| [[N'Djamena]] || '''{{flaglist|Chad}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[New Delhi]] || '''{{IND}}''' 
|Asia|| [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] was the capital of [[India]] until 1911 during the [[British Raj]].
|-
| [[Ngerulmud]] || '''{{flaglist|Palau}}''' 
| Oceania|| Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. [[Koror City]] was the capital until 2006. 
|-
| [[Niamey]] || '''{{flaglist|Niger}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Nicosia]] || '''{{flaglist|Cyprus}}'''&lt;br&gt; 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nicosia is a [[List of divided cities|divided capital]], split between Cyprus, which claims the whole city, and the [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|internationally unrecognized]] breakaway state of Northern Cyprus.
|-
|{{flaglist|Northern Cyprus}}
|-
| [[Nouakchott]] || '''{{flaglist|Mauritania}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Nouméa]] || {{flagdeco|New Caledonia|local}} [[New Caledonia]] 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Oceania|| [[Overseas territory]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Nukuʻalofa]] || '''{{flaglist|Tonga}}''' ||
|-

| [[Nuuk]] || {{flaglist|Greenland}} 
|North America|| Self-governing country within the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]].
|- id=&quot;O&quot;
| [[Oranjestad]] || {{flaglist|Aruba}} 
| South America|| Self-governing country within the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius|Oranjestad]] || {{flaglist|Sint Eustatius}}
| North America || [[Caribbean Netherlands|Public body]] of the [[Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Oslo]] || '''{{NOR}}''' 
|Europe||See also: [[List of historical capitals of Norway]].
|-
| [[Ottawa]] || '''{{CAN}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Ouagadougou]] || '''{{flaglist|Burkina Faso}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id=&quot;P&quot;
| [[Pago Pago]] || {{flaglist|American Samoa}} 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Oceania|| [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]].
|-
| [[Palikir]] || '''{{flaglist|Micronesia|name=Micronesia}}''' || Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. [[Kolonia]] is the former capital and [[Australia]], [[China]], [[Japan]] and the [[United States]] retain embassies there.
|-
| [[Panama City]] || '''{{flaglist|Panama}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Papeete]] || {{flaglist|French Polynesia}} 
| Oceania|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Paramaribo]] || '''{{flaglist|Suriname}}''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=WordCapital org |date=2025-09-25 |title=Suriname |url=https://worldcapitals.org/south-america/suriname/ |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=Capital |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| South America||
|-
| [[Paris]] || '''{{FRA}}''' 
|Europe||See also: [[List of capitals of France|List of Capitals of France]].
|-
| [[Philipsburg, Sint Maarten|Philipsburg]] || {{flaglist|Sint Maarten}} 
| North America|| Self-governing country within the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Phnom Penh]] || '''{{CAM}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
|[[Podgorica]]
|'''{{flaglist|Montenegro}}'''
|Europe
|[[Cetinje]] has been designated the &quot;Old Royal Capital&quot; and is the present seat of the [[President of Montenegro|President]].
|-
| [[Port Louis]] || '''{{flaglist|Mauritius}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Port Moresby]] || '''{{flaglist|Papua New Guinea}}''' 
| Oceania||
|-
| [[Port of Spain]] || '''{{flaglist|Trinidad and Tobago}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Port Vila]] || '''{{flaglist|Vanuatu}}''' 
| Oceania||
|-
| [[Port-au-Prince]] || '''{{flaglist|Haiti}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Prague]] || '''{{CZE}}''' 
|Europe|| The [[Supreme Court of the Czech Republic]] is located in [[Brno]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-30 |title=Countries With More Than One Capital City |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/cities/countries-with-more-than-one-capital-city.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Praia]] || '''{{flaglist|Cape Verde}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Pristina]] || {{flaglist|Kosovo}} 
|Europe|| [[List of states with limited recognition|''De facto'' independent state]] claimed entirely by [[Serbia]] as part of its [[Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija]].
|-
| [[Pyongyang]] || '''{{PRK}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;Q&quot;
| [[Quito]] || '''{{flaglist|Ecuador}}''' 
|South America|| [[List of capital cities by elevation|Highest official capital]] (2,850 m).&lt;ref name = &quot;Highest&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/19/amazonia-or-bust/#ftn3 |title=Amazonia or Bust! |last=Jacobs |first=Frank |newspaper=New York Times |date=19 June 2012 |access-date=28 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- id=&quot;R&quot;
| [[Rabat]] || '''{{flaglist|Morocco}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Reykjavík]] || '''{{flaglist|Iceland}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Riga]] || '''{{flaglist|Latvia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Riyadh]] || '''{{KSA}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Road Town]] || {{flaglist|British Virgin Islands}} 
| North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Rome]] || '''{{flaglist|Italy}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Roseau]] || '''{{flaglist|Dominica}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Rothera Research Station|Rothera]] || {{flaglist|British Antarctic Territory}} 
| Antarctica|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]
|- id=&quot;S&quot;
| [[Saipan]] || {{flaglist|Northern Mariana Islands}} 
| Oceania|| [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]]. The seat of government is at [[Capitol Hill, Saipan|Capitol Hill]], a settlement on the island of Saipan.
|-
| [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]] || {{flaglist|Réunion|local}}
| Africa || [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas department and region]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]] || '''{{flaglist|Costa Rica}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | North America||
|-
| [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]] || {{flaglist|Puerto Rico}} || [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]].
|-
| [[City of San Marino|San Marino]] || '''{{flaglist|San Marino}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[San Salvador]] || '''{{flaglist|El Salvador}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Santiago]]|| '''{{flaglist|Chile}}''' 
|South America||The [[National Congress of Chile]] is located in [[Valparaíso]].
|-
| [[Santo Domingo]] || '''{{flaglist|Dominican Republic}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[São Tomé]] || '''{{flaglist|São Tomé and Príncipe}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Sarajevo]] || '''{{flaglist|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Seoul]] || '''{{KOR}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||On 2 July 2012, some government functions moved to [[Sejong City]], which became the ''de facto'' administrative capital.
|-
| [[Singapore]] || '''{{SIN}}''' || [[City-state]].
|-
| [[Skopje]] || '''{{flaglist|North Macedonia|name=North Macedonia}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Sofia]] || '''{{flaglist|Bulgaria}}''' ||
|-
| [[South Tarawa]] || '''{{KIR}}''' 
| Oceania||South Tarawa is a settlement on the atoll of [[Tarawa]].
|-
| [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]] || '''{{flaglist|Grenada}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[St. Helier]] || {{flaglist|Jersey}} 
| Europe|| [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]].
|-
| | [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]]&lt;ref name='cia'&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260115003123/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antigua-and-barbuda/ Antigua and Barbuda] - CIA World Factbook&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/place/Antigua-and-Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda] - Encyclopaedia Britannica&lt;/ref&gt; || '''{{flaglist|Antigua and Barbuda}}'''
| North America|| 
|-
| [[St. Peter Port]] || {{flaglist|Guernsey}} 
| Europe|| [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]].
|-
| [[St. Pierre, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|St. Pierre]] || {{flaglist|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} 
| North America|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Stanley, Falkland Islands|Stanley]] || {{flaglist|Falkland Islands}} 
| South America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Stockholm]] || '''{{flaglist|Sweden}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Sukhumi]] || {{flaglist|Abkhazia}} 
| Asia/Europe|| ''De facto'' independent state [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|with partial recognition]] claimed in whole by [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] as the [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia]].
|-
| [[Suva]] || '''{{flaglist|Fiji}}''' 
| Oceania||
|- id=&quot;T&quot;
| [[Taipei]] || {{flaglist|Taiwan}} 
|Asia|| ''De facto'' independent state, officially called the Republic of China, in competition with the [[China|People's Republic of China]] for recognition as the [[One China|sole Chinese government]] since 1949. Taiwan controls the [[Geography of Taiwan|island of Taiwan]] and the [[List of islands of Taiwan|associated islands]] Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas, and part of the [[Spratly Islands]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Spratly&quot; group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;Sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by the PRC, the ROC, [[Vietnam]], the [[Philippines]] (part), [[Malaysia]] (part), and [[Brunei]] (part).&lt;/ref&gt; Its territory is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.&lt;ref name=&quot;TAI2&quot; group=Note&gt;In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) lost the [[Chinese Civil War]] to the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the People's Republic. As such, the [[Political status of Taiwan|political status]] of the ROC and the [[legal status of Taiwan]] (alongside the [[Free Area of the Republic of China|territories]] under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the [[United Nations]] gave the [[China and the United Nations|China seat]] to the PRC instead of the ROC: most states recognize the PRC to be the [[One-China policy|sole legitimate representative of all China]], and the UN classifies Taiwan as &quot;[[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan, Province of China]]&quot;. The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates [[Taiwan independence]].&lt;/ref&gt; The Republic of China participates in a number of international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly [[Chinese Taipei]].
|-
| [[Tallinn]] || '''{{flaglist|Estonia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Tashkent]] || '''{{UZB}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Tbilisi]] || '''{{flaglist|Georgia}}''' 
| Asia/Europe||From 2012 to 2018, [[Kutaisi]] served as Georgia's legislative capital. Additionally, [[Mtskheta]] is sometimes called an &quot;ancient capital&quot; of Georgia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mtskheta {{!}} Ancient Capital, UNESCO Site {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mtskheta |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Georgia marks day of ancient capital Mtskheta, Svetitskhoveli UNESCO monument |url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2022/3999 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=Agenda.ge}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Tegucigalpa]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Honduras}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | North America|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Comayagüela is declared in the [[Constitution of Honduras|Honduran Constitution]] as co-official capital with Tegucigalpa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-07-05 |title=Constitution of Honduras |url=http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705043950/http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-05 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; The cities have since merged into a single urban area.
|-
|[[Comayagüela]]
|-
| [[Tehran]] || '''{{flaglist|Iran}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Thimphu]] || '''{{flaglist|Bhutan}}''' ||
|-
| [[The Bottom]] || {{flaglist|Saba}}
| North America || [[Caribbean Netherlands|Public body]] of the [[Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Tirana]] || '''{{flaglist|Albania}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Tiraspol]] || {{flaglist|Transnistria|state}} || ''De facto'' independent state, [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|recognized by only non UN members]]. Claimed in whole by [[Moldova]] as the autonomous territorial unit of [[Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester]]
|-
| [[Tokyo]] || '''{{JPN}}''' 
|Asia||See also: [[Capital of Japan]].
|-
| [[Tórshavn]] || {{flaglist|Faroe Islands}} 
|Europe|| Self-governing country within the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]].
|-
| [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] || '''{{flaglist|Libya}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Tskhinvali]] || {{flaglist|South Ossetia}} 
| Asia/Europe|| ''De facto'' independent state [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|with limited recognition]]. Claimed in whole by [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] as the [[Provisional Administration of South Ossetia]].
|-
| [[Tunis]] || '''{{flaglist|Tunisia}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id=&quot;U&quot;
| [[Ulaanbaatar]] || '''{{flaglist|Mongolia}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;V&quot;
| [[Vaduz]] || '''{{flaglist|Liechtenstein}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Valletta]] || '''{{flaglist|Malta}}''' ||
|-
| [[The Valley, Anguilla|The Valley]] || {{flaglist|Anguilla}} 
| North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Vatican City]] || '''{{flaglist|Vatican City}}''' 
|Europe|| [[City-state]].
|-
| [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]] || '''{{flaglist|Seychelles}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Vienna]] || '''{{flaglist|Austria}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Vientiane]] || '''{{LAO}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Vilnius]] || '''{{flaglist|Lithuania}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|- id=&quot;W&quot;
| [[Warsaw]] || '''{{flaglist|Poland}}''' ||Former capitals listed in [[Template:Historical capitals of Poland]].
|-
| [[Washington, D.C.]] || '''{{US}}''' 
|North America||The capital of the United States has moved several times. See also: [[List of capitals in the United States#National capitals|National capitals of the United States]].
|-
| [[Wellington]] || '''{{NZL}}''' 
|Oceania|| Since 1865. Wellington is New Zealand's third capital. See also: [[Capital of New Zealand]].
|-
| [[West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands|West Island]] || {{flaglist|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} 
| || [[States and territories of Australia|External territory]] of [[Australia]].
|-
| [[Willemstad]] || {{flaglist|Curaçao}} 
| || Self-governing country within the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Windhoek]] || '''{{flaglist|Namibia}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|- id=&quot;Y&quot;
| [[Yaoundé]] || '''{{flaglist|Cameroon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Yaren]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}|| '''{{flaglist|Nauru}}''' 
| Oceania|| Nauru has no official capital, nor cities; the government offices are in Yaren district.
|-
| [[Yerevan]] || '''{{flaglist|Armenia}}''' 
| Asia/Europe||
|- id=&quot;Z&quot;
| [[Zagreb]] || '''{{CRO}}''' 
|Europe||
|}


{{Commonscat|Capitals}}

[[vibhag:C]]
[[vibhag:Capital cities| ]]</text>
      <sha1>7p39nqehrfhswl70sb141dokarl08w0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339359</id>
      <parentid>339358</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T09:40:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sampaadak</username>
        <id>1104</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>339359</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39420" sha1="s4j0hlger7fmtmh83to207yrj6gkxiz" xml:space="preserve">'''Capital [[city]]''' (nai to khali '''capital'''; '''raajdhaani''') uu jagha hae jahan pe [[des]], [[state]] nai to [[province]] ke khaas administration waala jagha rahe hae.

Leader log aur sarkr ke karachari log capital city me kaam kare hae.

Capital jaada kar ke barraa city rahe hae, jaise ki, [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay|Uruguay's]] ke sab se barraa city hae, aur Uruguay ke capital bhi hae, lekin caputal sab time des ke sab se barra city nai rahe hae jaise ki [[India]] ke capital, [[New Delhi]], [[Mumbai]] se chhota hae aur [[Pakistan]] ke capital [[Islamabad]], [[Karachi]] se chhota hae.

Koi koi des me ek se jaada capital rahe hae, jaise ki [[South Africa]] ke capital duuno [[Cape Town]] aur [[Pretoria]] hae aur kuch des me ekko capital nai rahe hae jaise ki [[Nauru]].

==Dunia ke des ke raajdhaani ke suchi==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:130px;&quot;|City/Town
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:200px;&quot;|Country/Territory
!Continent
! class=&quot;sortable&quot; |Notes
|- id=&quot;A&quot;
| [[Abidjan]] {{small|(pahile ke capital; jahaan pe abhi bhi kuchh sarkari offices hae)}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Ivory Coast|name=Ivory Coast}}''' (Côte d'Ivoire) 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Abidjan, Ivory Coast ke sab se barraa city aur sarkaari taur pe economic capital hae.
|-
| [[Yamoussoukro]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Abu Dhabi]] || '''{{flaglist|United Arab Emirates}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Abuja]] || '''{{flaglist|Nigeria}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa|| [[Lagos]] 1914 se 1991 talak capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Accra]] || '''{{flaglist|Ghana}}''' ||
|-
| [[Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands|Adamstown]] || {{flaglist|Pitcairn Islands}} 
| Oceania|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Addis Ababa]] || '''{{flaglist|Ethiopia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Aden]] {{small|(''de facto'', temporary)}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Yemen}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Yemen abhi civil war me hae, aur Sanaa ke Houthi rebels September 2014 se occupy kare hae. Aden, jon  [[South Yemen]] ke pahile ke capital rahaa, uu time se  provisional capital hae, internationally-recognized sarkar ke, lekin sarkari leadership city chhorr ke chal diye rahin, December 2025 takeover, by its separatist faction ke baad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Separatists claim broad control of southern Yemen |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/separatists-claim-broad-control-southern-yemen-2025-12-08/ |access-date=12 December 2025 |work=Reuters |date=8 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pro-coalition government flees Aden as tensions with STC escalate |url=https://en.ypagency.net/378552 |access-date=12 December 2025 |work=Yemen Press Agency |date=8 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Sanaa]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Episkopi Cantonment]] || {{flaglist|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} || [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Algiers]] || '''{{flaglist|Algeria}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Alofi]] || {{flaglist|Niue}} 
| Oceania|| Self-governing aur free association ke saathe [[New Zealand]] ke sanghe hae. Sarkaari offices duuno Alofi North aur Alofi South me hae.
|-
| [[Amman]] || '''{{flaglist|Jordan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Amsterdam]] {{small|(official)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Netherlands}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Europe|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | The Hague Noordeinde Palace, Cabinet of the Netherlands, Supreme Court of the Netherlands aur diplomatic missions hae. 
|-
| [[The Hague]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Andorra la Vella]] || '''{{flaglist|Andorra}}''' ||
|-
| [[Ankara]] || '''{{flaglist|Turkey}}''' 
|Asia||Ankara  Republic of Turkey ke capital 1923 me banaa rahaa,  Turkish War of Independence ke baad. Turkey ke predecessor,  [[Ottoman Empire]], ke capital [[Constantinople]] (abhi ke [[Istanbul]]) rahaa.
|-
| [[Antananarivo]] || '''{{flaglist|Madagascar}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Apia]] || '''{{flaglist|Samoa}}''' 
|Oceania||
|-
| [[Ashgabat]] || '''{{flaglist|Turkmenistan}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Asmara]] || '''{{flaglist|Eritrea}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Astana]] || '''{{flaglist|Kazakhstan}}''' 
|Asia|| Astana ke naam Nur-Sultan, 2019 se 2022 talak rahaa. [[Almaty]] Kazakhstan ke capital 1991 se 1997 talak rahaa aur isse pahile Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic ke capital, 1929 se 1991 talak rahaa.
|-
| [[Asunción]] || '''{{flaglist|Paraguay}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Atafu]] {{small|(atoll administration)}} || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | {{flaglist|Tokelau}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Oceania || Sab se barraa city aur sab se chhotaa [[atoll]] hae. [[New Zealand]], [[Tokelau]] ke own kare hae.
|-
| [[Nukunonu]] {{small|(atoll administration)}} || Sab se barraa [[atoll]]. Iske abaadi  531 hae.
|-
| [[Fakaofo]] {{small|(atoll administration)}} || Ii atoll ke sab se jaada abaadi waala city, [[Fale, Tokelau]] hae
|-
| [[Athens]] || '''{{flaglist|Greece}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Avarua]] || {{flaglist|Cook Islands}} 
|Oceania|| Self-governing in free association with [[New Zealand]]. Iske capital ke kabhi-kabhi galti se [[Rarotonga]] bataawa jaawe hae, uu island jisme  Avarua hae.
|- id=&quot;B&quot;
| [[Baghdad]] || '''{{flaglist|Iraq}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Baku]] || '''{{flaglist|Azerbaijan}}'''
| Asia/Europe||
|-
| [[Bamako]] || '''{{flaglist|Mali}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] || '''{{flaglist|Brunei}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Bangkok]] || '''{{THA}}''' ||
|-
| [[Bangui]] || '''{{flaglist|Central African Republic}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Banjul]] || '''{{flaglist|Gambia|name=Gambia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Basseterre]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}''' 
| rowspan=2 | North America||
|-
| [[Basse-Terre]] || {{flaglist|Guadeloupe|local}} || Overseas department and region of [[France]] hae.
|-
| [[Beijing]] || '''{{CHN}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia|| [[Historical capitals of China]] ke bhi dekho.
|-
| [[Beirut]] || '''{{flaglist|Lebanon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Belgrade]] || '''{{flaglist|Serbia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Belmopan]] || '''{{flaglist|Belize}}''' 
|North America|| [[Belize City]]  Belize ke pahile waala naam,  [[British Honduras]] ke niche, bhi capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Berlin]] || '''{{flaglist|Germany}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe|| [[Bonn]] , [[West Germany]] ke capital rahaa aur   reunified Germany ke capital 1999 talak rahaa, aur hian pe abhi talak chhe ministries hae. [[Capital of Germany]] ke bhi dekho. 
|-
| [[Bern]] {{Small|(''de facto'')}}|| '''{{flaglist|Switzerland}}''' ||
|-
| [[Bishkek]] || '''{{flaglist|Kyrgyzstan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Bissau]] || '''{{flaglist|Guinea-Bissau}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Bloemfontein]] {{small|(judicial)}} || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | '''{{flaglist|South Africa}}''' ||
|-
| [[Cape Town]] {{small|(legislative)}} ||
|-
| [[Pretoria]] {{small|(executive)}} ||
|-
| [[Bogotá]] || '''{{flaglist|Colombia}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Brades]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{flaglist|Montserrat}} 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | North America|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]. Plymouth ke [[Soufrière Hills]] volcano eruption ke baad, 1997 me abandon kar dewa gais rahaa. Uske baad sarkaari offices ke [[Brades]] hatae ke kar dewa gais hae, jon northwestern Montserrat me hae. Ek nawaa capital, [[Little Bay, Montserrat|Little Bay]], ke abhi banaawa jaawe hae.
|-
| [[Plymouth, Montserrat|Plymouth]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Brasília]] || '''{{flaglist|Brazil}}''' 
|South America||[[Rio de Janeiro]], 1960 talak capital rahaa. Aur dekho: [[Capitals of Brazil]].
|-
| [[Bratislava]] || '''{{flaglist|Slovakia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Brazzaville]] || '''{{flaglist|Congo}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Bridgetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Barbados}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[City of Brussels|Brussels]] || '''{{flaglist|Belgium}}'''&lt;br&gt; 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Europe||
|-
|{{flaglist|European Union}} {{Small|(''de facto'')&lt;ref name=&quot;capital&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cybriwsky |first=Roman Adrian |title=Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-61069-248-9 |page=[{{GBurl|id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ|p=64}} 64] |quote=Brussels, the capital of Belgium, is considered to be the de facto capital of the EU}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}||
|-
| [[Bucharest]] || '''{{flaglist|Romania}}''' ||
|-
| [[Budapest]] || '''{{flaglist|Hungary}}''' ||Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Hungary]].
|-
| [[Buenos Aires]] || '''{{flaglist|Argentina}}''' 
|South America||
|- id=&quot;C&quot;
|[[Cairo]]||'''{{flaglist|Egypt}}'''
|Africa||Ek nawaa capital ke abhi banaawa jaawe hae Iske naam saait Egypt rahii. Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Egypt]].
|-
|[[Canberra]]||'''{{flaglist|Australia}}'''
|Oceania|| Ii ek planned city hae jiske   [[Melbourne]] (''de facto'' jon uu time capital rahaa) aur [[Sydney]] (economic capital aur sab se jaada abaadi waala city) ke rivalry ke kaaran banaawa gais rahaa, duuno ke naam potential capitals in the Australasia Federation Conventions [[1890s]] me rakkhaa gais rahaa. [[Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia ke niche gives basic details about the location of the capital, size of the encompassing territory and so forth de hae, jab [[Seat of Government Act 1908]] iske aslii  location ke specify karis rahaa.
|-
|[[Caracas]]||'''{{flaglist|Venezuela|state}}'''
|South America||
|-
| [[Castries]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Lucia}}''' 
| North America ||
|-
| [[Cayenne]] || {{flaglist|French Guiana|local}}
| South America || Overseas departments and regions of France aur [[single territorial collectivity]], [[France]] ke.
|-
| [[Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands|Charlotte Amalie]] || {{flaglist|United States Virgin Islands}} || North America || [[Territories of the United States|Territory of the United States]].
|-
| [[Chișinău]] || '''{{flaglist|Moldova}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Ciudad de la Paz]] || '''{{flaglist|Equatorial Guinea}}''' 
|Africa|| [[Malabo]]  2026 talak capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Cockburn Town]] || {{flaglist|Turks and Caicos Islands}} 
| North America|| British Overseas Territory.
|-
| [[Colombo]] {{small|(executive, judicial)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Sri Lanka}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia|| 1982 talak, capital Colombo rahaa, jahaan pe abhi talak dher sarkaari  institutions hae; iske commercial capital of Sri Lanka bhi maana jaawe hae. Aur dekho: [[Capital of Sri Lanka]].
|-
| [[Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte]] {{small|(official)}} || Also known as Kotte, the city is a [[suburb]] of Colombo.
|-
| [[Conakry]] || '''{{flaglist|Guinea}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Copenhagen]] || '''{{flaglist|Denmark}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Cotonou]] {{small|(de facto)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Benin}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Porto-Novo]] {{small|(official)}} ||
|- id=&quot;D&quot;
| [[Dakar]] || '''{{flaglist|Senegal}}''' ||
|-
| [[Damascus]] || '''{{flaglist|Syria}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Dhaka]] || '''{{flaglist|Bangladesh}}''' ||
|-
| [[Dili]] || '''{{flaglist|East Timor|name=East Timor}}''' ||
|-
| [[Djibouti City|Djibouti]] || '''{{flaglist|Djibouti}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Dodoma]]
|'''{{flaglist|Tanzania}}'''||[[Dar es Salaam]], pahile ke capital aur sab se barraa city, me abhi talak Cabinet of Tanzania, High Court of Tanzania aur List of diplomatic missions in Tanzania hae.
|-
| [[Doha]] || '''{{flaglist|Qatar}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]] || {{flaglist|Isle of Man}} 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe|| British Crown Dependency.
|-
| [[Dublin]] || '''{{flaglist|Ireland}}''' ||
|-
| [[Dushanbe]] || '''{{flaglist|Tajikistan}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;E&quot;
| [[Edinburgh of the Seven Seas]] || {{flaglist|Tristan da Cunha}} 
| || [[British Overseas Territories]] ke hissa of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]].
|- id=&quot;F&quot;
| [[Flying Fish Cove]] || {{flaglist|Christmas Island}} 
| || Australia ke External territory.
|-
| [[Fort-de-France]] || {{flaglist|Martinique}}
| North America || [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas department, region]] aur [[single territorial collectivity]] [[France]] ke.
|-
| [[Freetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Sierra Leone}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Funafuti]] || '''{{flaglist|Tuvalu}}''' 
|Oceania||[[Vaiaku]] gaon, jon Funafuti me hae, de facto capital hae, jisme major organs of control hae
|- id=&quot;G&quot;
| [[Gaborone]] || '''{{flaglist|Botswana}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[George Town, Cayman Islands|George Town]] || {{flaglist|Cayman Islands}} 
|North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Georgetown, Ascension Island|Georgetown]] || {{flaglist|Ascension Island}} 
| || British Overseas Territory of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] ke hissa.
|-
| [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Guyana}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Gibraltar]] || {{flaglist|Gibraltar}} 
|Europe|| British Overseas Territory aur city-state.
|-
| [[Gitega]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Burundi}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Bujumbura, 1962 se 2018 talak capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Bujumbura]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Guatemala City]] || '''{{flaglist|Guatemala}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |North America||
|-
| [[Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy|Gustavia]] || {{flaglist|Saint Barthélemy|local}} || France ke Overseas collectivity.
|- id=&quot;H&quot;
| [[Hagåtña]] || {{flaglist|Guam}} 
|Oceania|| Territory of the United States.
|-
| [[Hamilton, Bermuda|Hamilton]] || {{flaglist|Bermuda}} 
|North America|| British Overseas Territory.
|-
| [[Hanoi]] || '''{{VIE}}''' 
|Asia||Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Vietnam]].
|-
| [[Harare]] || '''{{ZIM}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Hargeisa]] || {{flaglist|Somaliland}} ||Ii ''de facto'' independent state hae, jiske UN  Somalia ke hissa maane hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=WorldCapital org |date=2025-11-26 |title=Somalia |url=https://worldcapitals.org/africa/somalia/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=Capital |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Havana]] || '''{{flaglist|Cuba}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Helsinki]] || '''{{flaglist|Finland}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Honiara]] || '''{{flaglist|Solomon Islands}}''' 
| Oceania||Honiara,  [[Guadalcanal]] island ke ek basti hae.
|- id=&quot;I&quot;
| [[Islamabad]] || '''{{flaglist|Pakistan}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia|| [[Karachi]], Pakistan ke pahila  capital rahaa,   1948 se. Ek planned capital, Islamabad, ke 1958 me designate karaa gais rahaa , as an interim measure, aur capital ke [[Rawalpindi]] hatae ke kar dewa gais rahaa, jon , hoe waala capital ke nagiich rahaa. Islamabad 1967 me capital banaa rahaa. 
|- id=&quot;J&quot;

|[[Jakarta]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{INA}}''' || Capital ke [[Nusantara (city)|Nusantara]] Borneo me, hatae ke kar dewa jaai. Aur dekho: [[Capital of Indonesia]].
|-
|[[Nusantara (city)|Nusantara]] ||
|-

| [[Jamestown, Saint Helena|Jamestown]] || {{flaglist|Saint Helena}} 
| || British Overseas Territory of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] ke ek hissa.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Jerusalem]]
|'''{{flaglist|Israel}}'''
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Jerusalem Law]] batae hae ki &quot;Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel&quot; aur ii city Israeli sarkar aur iske   institutions ke seat hae. [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 478]] declare karis rahaa ki Jerusalem Law &quot;null and void&quot; hae aur member states se maang kare rahin ki uu log aapan-aapan   diplomatic missions ke Jerusalem se nikal de. Lagbhag sab des ke  embassies  [[Tel Aviv]] me, nai to iske lage hae.  [[United Nations|UN]] ke defy kar ke,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://press.un.org/en/2017/ga11995.doc.htm | title=General Assembly Overwhelmingly Adopts Resolution Asking Nations Not to Locate Diplomatic Missions in Jerusalem &amp;#124; Meetings Coverage and Press Releases }}&lt;/ref&gt; United States recognize karis  Jerusalem ke capital aur aapan  embassy ke May 2018 me huan pe kar diis rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;See the [https://web.archive.org/web/20260118073834/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/ CIA Factbook] and [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/israel.pdf Map of Israel]&lt;/ref&gt; Dher des ii maane hae ki Jerusalem ke ek international status rahe ke chaahi, jaise  1947 Partition Plan me likha rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Sharkansky |first=Ira |author-link=Ira Sharkansky |title=Governing Jerusalem: Again on the world's agenda |page=[https://archive.org/details/governingjerusal0000shar/page/23 23] |publisher=Wayne State University Press |year=1996 |isbn=0-8143-2592-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/governingjerusal0000shar/page/23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Palestine}}'''
|-
| [[Ramallah]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Juba]] || '''{{flaglist|South Sudan}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id=&quot;K&quot;
| [[Kabul]] || '''{{flaglist|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|name=Afghanistan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Kampala]] || '''{{flaglist|Uganda}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Kathmandu]] || '''{{flaglist|Nepal}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Khartoum]] || '''{{flaglist|Sudan}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Kigali]] || '''{{flaglist|Rwanda}}''' ||
|-
| [[King Edward Point]] || {{flaglist|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} 
| || [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || '''{{flaglist|Jamaica}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Kingston, Norfolk Island|Kingston]] || {{flaglist|Norfolk Island}} 
| Oceania|| [[Australia]] ke [[States and territories of Australia|External territory]] hae.
|-
| [[Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Kingstown]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Kinshasa]] || '''{{flaglist|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Kralendijk]] || {{flaglist|Bonaire}}
| North America || ]] [[Netherlands]] ke public body.
|-
| [[Kuala Lumpur]] {{small|(''de jure'', legislative and royal)}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{MAS}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Putrajaya]] {{small|(administrative and judicial)}} ||
|-
| [[Kuwait City]] || '''{{flaglist|Kuwait}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Kyiv]] || '''{{flaglist|Ukraine}}''' 
|Europe||
|- id=&quot;L&quot;
| [[La Paz]] {{small|(administrative)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Bolivia}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |South America|| [[La Paz]], dunia ke sab se uunchaa administrative capital (3,650 m) hae, Quito se bhi uunchaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Highest&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sucre]] {{small|(constitutional)}} ||
|-
| [[Laayoune]] {{small|(declared)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{flaglist|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|name=Western Sahara}} 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Africa|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[List of states with limited recognition|''De facto'' independent state]] jiske duuno [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR), aur [[Morocco]] aapan maane hae.  Laayoune is [[Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara|Moroccan-controlled territory]] me hae jab Tifariti  [[Free Zone (region)|Sahrawi-controlled territory]] me hae aur   [[temporary capital]] (previously [[Bir Lehlou]]) hae. Kuchh sarkari aur  military buildings  exile me [[Tindouf, Algeria]] me hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|title=CIA - The World Factbook -- Western Sahara|date=June 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|archive-date=2007-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; See also: [[Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]].
|-
| [[Tifariti]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Libreville]] || '''{{flaglist|Gabon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lilongwe]] || '''{{flaglist|Malawi}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lima]] || '''{{flaglist|Peru|state}}''' 
|South America|| [[Cusco]] ke &quot;historical capital&quot; maana jaaw ehae , Article 49 of the [[Constitution of Peru|Peruvian Constitution]] ke niche, jon khaali ek symbolic statement hae. [[Arequipa]] ike &quot;legal capital&quot; bataawa jaawr hae kaaheki hian pe [[Constitutional Court of Peru|Constitutional Court]] hae.
|-
| [[Lisbon]] || '''{{POR}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Ljubljana]] || '''{{flaglist|Slovenia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lobamba]] {{small|(royal and legislative)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Eswatini}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Mbabane]] {{small|(administrative)}} ||
|-
| [[Lomé]] || '''{{flaglist|Togo}}''' ||
|-
| [[London]] || '''{{UK}}''' 
|Europe|| [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union in 1707]] se pahile, London khaali  England ke capital rahaa; Edinburgh [[Kingdom of Scotland]] ke capital rahaa. United Kingdom me hae {{Flagu|England}} (capital London), {{Flagu|Scotland}} (capital [[Edinburgh]]), {{Flagu|Wales}} ([[Capital of Wales|capital]] [[Cardiff]]), Northern Ireland (capital [[Belfast]]).
|-
|[[London]] {{Small|(administration)}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Flaglist|British Indian Ocean Territory}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]. Officially, the British Indian Ocean Territory, London se  is administered hae,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Governance {{!}} British Indian Ocean Territory |url=https://www.biot.gov.io/governance/ |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.biot.gov.io}}&lt;/ref&gt; lekin kuchh log iske  [[Diego Garcia]] ke capital maane hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) |url=https://islandstudies.com/files/2016/11/British-Indian-Ocean-Territory-BIOT.pdf |website=Island Studies |publisher=[[University of Prince Edward Island]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Diego Garcia]] {{Small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Longyearbyen]] || {{flaglist|Svalbard and Jan Mayen}}
| Europe ||  [[Kingdom of Norway]] ke inincorporated area.
|-
| [[Luanda]] || '''{{flaglist|Angola}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Lusaka]] || '''{{flaglist|Zambia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Luxembourg City|Luxembourg]] || '''{{flaglist|Luxembourg}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|- id=&quot;M&quot;
| [[Madrid]] || '''{{flaglist|Spain}}''' ||
|-
| [[Majuro]] || '''{{flaglist|Marshall Islands}}''' 
| Oceania||Self-governing aur [[associated state|free association]]  [[United States]] ke saathe. Seat of government  [[Delap-Uliga-Djarrit]] me hae, ek basti jon atoll of Majuro me hae.
|-
| [[Malé]] || '''{{flaglist|Maldives}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Mamoudzou]] || {{flaglist|Mayotte|local}}
| Africa || [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas department, region]] and [[single territorial collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Managua]] || '''{{flaglist|Nicaragua}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Manama]] || '''{{flaglist|Bahrain}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Manila]] || '''{{PHI}}''' ||
|-
| [[Maputo]] || '''{{flaglist|Mozambique}}''' 
| Africa||
|-
| [[Mariehamn]] || {{flaglist|Åland Islands}} 
| Europe|| Autonomous region of [[Finland]].
|-
| [[Marigot, Saint Martin|Marigot]] || {{flaglist|Saint Martin|local}} 
| North America|| France ke [[overseas collectivity]].
|-
| [[Maseru]] || '''{{flaglist|Lesotho}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Mata Utu]] || {{flaglist|Wallis and Futuna|local}} 
| Oceania|| France ke overseas collectivity.
|-
| [[Mexico City]] || '''{{flaglist|Mexico}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Minsk]] || '''{{flaglist|Belarus}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Mogadishu]] || '''{{flaglist|Somalia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Municipality of Monaco|Monaco]] || '''{{flaglist|Monaco}}''' 
|Europe|| [[City-state]]. Monaco ke koi capital iske [[Constitution of Monaco|its constitution]] me nai likha gais hae; lekin, the Commune of Monaco, des ke khaali ek [[Commune (administrative division)|commune]], aur des ekke hae, jiske matlab hae ki ii ''de facto'' capital hae.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gouvernement Princier Principauté de Monaco&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Constitution of the Principality |url=https://en.gouv.mc/Government-Institutions/Institutions/Constitution-of-the-Principality |website=Gouvernement Princier Principauté de Monaco |publisher=Principauté de Monaco |access-date=28 February 2020 |language=en |date=17 December 1962}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Monaco |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Monaco |website=Britannica |access-date=28 February 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Monrovia]] || '''{{flaglist|Liberia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Montevideo]] || '''{{flaglist|Uruguay}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Moroni, Comoros|Moroni]] || '''{{flaglist|Comoros}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Moscow]] || '''{{flaglist|Russia}}''' 
|Europe|| [[Saint Petersburg]] me [[Constitutional Court of Russia]] hae
|-
| [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]] || '''{{OMA}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;N&quot;
| [[Nairobi]] || '''{{flaglist|Kenya}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]] || '''{{flaglist|Bahamas, The}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Naypyidaw]] || '''{{MYA}}''' 
|Asia||[[Yangon]] 2006 talak capital rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nay Pyi Taw {{!}} national capital, Myanmar {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nay-Pyi-Taw |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; See also: [[List of capitals of Myanmar]].
|-
| [[N'Djamena]] || '''{{flaglist|Chad}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[New Delhi]] || '''{{IND}}''' 
|Asia|| [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]  [[India]] ke capital 1911 talak rahaa,  [[British Raj]] ke time.
|-
| [[Ngerulmud]] || '''{{flaglist|Palau}}''' 
| Oceania|| Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. [[Koror City]]  2006 talak capital rahaa. 
|-
| [[Niamey]] || '''{{flaglist|Niger}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Nicosia]] || '''{{flaglist|Cyprus}}'''&lt;br&gt; 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nicosia ek [[List of divided cities|divided capital]] hae, jon Cyprus, jon puura  city ke claim kare hae, aur [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|internationally unrecognized]] breakaway state of Northern Cyprus ke bhi capital hae.
|-
|{{flaglist|Northern Cyprus}}
|-
| [[Nouakchott]] || '''{{flaglist|Mauritania}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Nouméa]] || {{flagdeco|New Caledonia|local}} [[New Caledonia]] 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Oceania|| France ke [[overseas territory]].
|-
| [[Nukuʻalofa]] || '''{{flaglist|Tonga}}''' ||
|-

| [[Nuuk]] || {{flaglist|Greenland}} 
|North America||  [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]] ke ek self-governing des.
|- id=&quot;O&quot;
| [[Oranjestad]] || {{flaglist|Aruba}} 
| South America|| [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] ke self-governing des.
|-
| [[Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius|Oranjestad]] || {{flaglist|Sint Eustatius}}
| North America || [[Caribbean Netherlands|Public body]] of the [[Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Oslo]] || '''{{NOR}}''' 
|Europe||Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Norway]].
|-
| [[Ottawa]] || '''{{CAN}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Ouagadougou]] || '''{{flaglist|Burkina Faso}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id=&quot;P&quot;
| [[Pago Pago]] || {{flaglist|American Samoa}} 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Oceania|| [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]].
|-
| [[Palikir]] || '''{{flaglist|Micronesia|name=Micronesia}}''' || Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. [[Kolonia]] is the former capital and [[Australia]], [[China]], [[Japan]] and the [[United States]] retain embassies there.
|-
| [[Panama City]] || '''{{flaglist|Panama}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Papeete]] || {{flaglist|French Polynesia}} 
| Oceania|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Paramaribo]] || '''{{flaglist|Suriname}}''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=WordCapital org |date=2025-09-25 |title=Suriname |url=https://worldcapitals.org/south-america/suriname/ |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=Capital |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| South America||
|-
| [[Paris]] || '''{{FRA}}''' 
|Europe||See also: [[List of capitals of France|List of Capitals of France]].
|-
| [[Philipsburg, Sint Maarten|Philipsburg]] || {{flaglist|Sint Maarten}} 
| North America|| Self-governing country within the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Phnom Penh]] || '''{{CAM}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
|[[Podgorica]]
|'''{{flaglist|Montenegro}}'''
|Europe
|[[Cetinje]] has been designated the &quot;Old Royal Capital&quot; and is the present seat of the [[President of Montenegro|President]].
|-
| [[Port Louis]] || '''{{flaglist|Mauritius}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Port Moresby]] || '''{{flaglist|Papua New Guinea}}''' 
| Oceania||
|-
| [[Port of Spain]] || '''{{flaglist|Trinidad and Tobago}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Port Vila]] || '''{{flaglist|Vanuatu}}''' 
| Oceania||
|-
| [[Port-au-Prince]] || '''{{flaglist|Haiti}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Prague]] || '''{{CZE}}''' 
|Europe|| The [[Supreme Court of the Czech Republic]] is located in [[Brno]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-30 |title=Countries With More Than One Capital City |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/cities/countries-with-more-than-one-capital-city.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Praia]] || '''{{flaglist|Cape Verde}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Pristina]] || {{flaglist|Kosovo}} 
|Europe|| [[List of states with limited recognition|''De facto'' independent state]] claimed entirely by [[Serbia]] as part of its [[Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija]].
|-
| [[Pyongyang]] || '''{{PRK}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;Q&quot;
| [[Quito]] || '''{{flaglist|Ecuador}}''' 
|South America|| [[List of capital cities by elevation|Highest official capital]] (2,850 m).&lt;ref name = &quot;Highest&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/19/amazonia-or-bust/#ftn3 |title=Amazonia or Bust! |last=Jacobs |first=Frank |newspaper=New York Times |date=19 June 2012 |access-date=28 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- id=&quot;R&quot;
| [[Rabat]] || '''{{flaglist|Morocco}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Reykjavík]] || '''{{flaglist|Iceland}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Riga]] || '''{{flaglist|Latvia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Riyadh]] || '''{{KSA}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Road Town]] || {{flaglist|British Virgin Islands}} 
| North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Rome]] || '''{{flaglist|Italy}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Roseau]] || '''{{flaglist|Dominica}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Rothera Research Station|Rothera]] || {{flaglist|British Antarctic Territory}} 
| Antarctica|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]
|- id=&quot;S&quot;
| [[Saipan]] || {{flaglist|Northern Mariana Islands}} 
| Oceania|| [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]]. The seat of government is at [[Capitol Hill, Saipan|Capitol Hill]], a settlement on the island of Saipan.
|-
| [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]] || {{flaglist|Réunion|local}}
| Africa || [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas department and region]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]] || '''{{flaglist|Costa Rica}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | North America||
|-
| [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]] || {{flaglist|Puerto Rico}} || [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]].
|-
| [[City of San Marino|San Marino]] || '''{{flaglist|San Marino}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[San Salvador]] || '''{{flaglist|El Salvador}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Santiago]]|| '''{{flaglist|Chile}}''' 
|South America||The [[National Congress of Chile]] is located in [[Valparaíso]].
|-
| [[Santo Domingo]] || '''{{flaglist|Dominican Republic}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[São Tomé]] || '''{{flaglist|São Tomé and Príncipe}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Sarajevo]] || '''{{flaglist|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Seoul]] || '''{{KOR}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||On 2 July 2012, some government functions moved to [[Sejong City]], which became the ''de facto'' administrative capital.
|-
| [[Singapore]] || '''{{SIN}}''' || [[City-state]].
|-
| [[Skopje]] || '''{{flaglist|North Macedonia|name=North Macedonia}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Sofia]] || '''{{flaglist|Bulgaria}}''' ||
|-
| [[South Tarawa]] || '''{{KIR}}''' 
| Oceania||South Tarawa is a settlement on the atoll of [[Tarawa]].
|-
| [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]] || '''{{flaglist|Grenada}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[St. Helier]] || {{flaglist|Jersey}} 
| Europe|| [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]].
|-
| | [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]]&lt;ref name='cia'&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260115003123/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antigua-and-barbuda/ Antigua and Barbuda] - CIA World Factbook&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/place/Antigua-and-Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda] - Encyclopaedia Britannica&lt;/ref&gt; || '''{{flaglist|Antigua and Barbuda}}'''
| North America|| 
|-
| [[St. Peter Port]] || {{flaglist|Guernsey}} 
| Europe|| [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]].
|-
| [[St. Pierre, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|St. Pierre]] || {{flaglist|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} 
| North America|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Stanley, Falkland Islands|Stanley]] || {{flaglist|Falkland Islands}} 
| South America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Stockholm]] || '''{{flaglist|Sweden}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Sukhumi]] || {{flaglist|Abkhazia}} 
| Asia/Europe|| ''De facto'' independent state [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|with partial recognition]] claimed in whole by [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] as the [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia]].
|-
| [[Suva]] || '''{{flaglist|Fiji}}''' 
| Oceania||
|- id=&quot;T&quot;
| [[Taipei]] || {{flaglist|Taiwan}} 
|Asia|| ''De facto'' independent state, officially called the Republic of China, in competition with the [[China|People's Republic of China]] for recognition as the [[One China|sole Chinese government]] since 1949. Taiwan controls the [[Geography of Taiwan|island of Taiwan]] and the [[List of islands of Taiwan|associated islands]] Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas, and part of the [[Spratly Islands]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Spratly&quot; group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;Sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by the PRC, the ROC, [[Vietnam]], the [[Philippines]] (part), [[Malaysia]] (part), and [[Brunei]] (part).&lt;/ref&gt; Its territory is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.&lt;ref name=&quot;TAI2&quot; group=Note&gt;In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) lost the [[Chinese Civil War]] to the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the People's Republic. As such, the [[Political status of Taiwan|political status]] of the ROC and the [[legal status of Taiwan]] (alongside the [[Free Area of the Republic of China|territories]] under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the [[United Nations]] gave the [[China and the United Nations|China seat]] to the PRC instead of the ROC: most states recognize the PRC to be the [[One-China policy|sole legitimate representative of all China]], and the UN classifies Taiwan as &quot;[[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan, Province of China]]&quot;. The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates [[Taiwan independence]].&lt;/ref&gt; The Republic of China participates in a number of international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly [[Chinese Taipei]].
|-
| [[Tallinn]] || '''{{flaglist|Estonia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Tashkent]] || '''{{UZB}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Tbilisi]] || '''{{flaglist|Georgia}}''' 
| Asia/Europe||From 2012 to 2018, [[Kutaisi]] served as Georgia's legislative capital. Additionally, [[Mtskheta]] is sometimes called an &quot;ancient capital&quot; of Georgia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mtskheta {{!}} Ancient Capital, UNESCO Site {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mtskheta |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Georgia marks day of ancient capital Mtskheta, Svetitskhoveli UNESCO monument |url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2022/3999 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=Agenda.ge}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Tegucigalpa]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Honduras}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | North America|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Comayagüela is declared in the [[Constitution of Honduras|Honduran Constitution]] as co-official capital with Tegucigalpa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-07-05 |title=Constitution of Honduras |url=http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705043950/http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-05 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; The cities have since merged into a single urban area.
|-
|[[Comayagüela]]
|-
| [[Tehran]] || '''{{flaglist|Iran}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Thimphu]] || '''{{flaglist|Bhutan}}''' ||
|-
| [[The Bottom]] || {{flaglist|Saba}}
| North America || [[Caribbean Netherlands|Public body]] of the [[Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Tirana]] || '''{{flaglist|Albania}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Tiraspol]] || {{flaglist|Transnistria|state}} || ''De facto'' independent state, [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|recognized by only non UN members]]. Claimed in whole by [[Moldova]] as the autonomous territorial unit of [[Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester]]
|-
| [[Tokyo]] || '''{{JPN}}''' 
|Asia||See also: [[Capital of Japan]].
|-
| [[Tórshavn]] || {{flaglist|Faroe Islands}} 
|Europe|| Self-governing country within the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]].
|-
| [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] || '''{{flaglist|Libya}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Tskhinvali]] || {{flaglist|South Ossetia}} 
| Asia/Europe|| ''De facto'' independent state [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|with limited recognition]]. Claimed in whole by [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] as the [[Provisional Administration of South Ossetia]].
|-
| [[Tunis]] || '''{{flaglist|Tunisia}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id=&quot;U&quot;
| [[Ulaanbaatar]] || '''{{flaglist|Mongolia}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;V&quot;
| [[Vaduz]] || '''{{flaglist|Liechtenstein}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Valletta]] || '''{{flaglist|Malta}}''' ||
|-
| [[The Valley, Anguilla|The Valley]] || {{flaglist|Anguilla}} 
| North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Vatican City]] || '''{{flaglist|Vatican City}}''' 
|Europe|| [[City-state]].
|-
| [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]] || '''{{flaglist|Seychelles}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Vienna]] || '''{{flaglist|Austria}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Vientiane]] || '''{{LAO}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Vilnius]] || '''{{flaglist|Lithuania}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|- id=&quot;W&quot;
| [[Warsaw]] || '''{{flaglist|Poland}}''' ||Former capitals listed in [[Template:Historical capitals of Poland]].
|-
| [[Washington, D.C.]] || '''{{US}}''' 
|North America||The capital of the United States has moved several times. See also: [[List of capitals in the United States#National capitals|National capitals of the United States]].
|-
| [[Wellington]] || '''{{NZL}}''' 
|Oceania|| Since 1865. Wellington is New Zealand's third capital. See also: [[Capital of New Zealand]].
|-
| [[West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands|West Island]] || {{flaglist|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} 
| || [[States and territories of Australia|External territory]] of [[Australia]].
|-
| [[Willemstad]] || {{flaglist|Curaçao}} 
| || Self-governing country within the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Windhoek]] || '''{{flaglist|Namibia}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|- id=&quot;Y&quot;
| [[Yaoundé]] || '''{{flaglist|Cameroon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Yaren]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}|| '''{{flaglist|Nauru}}''' 
| Oceania|| Nauru has no official capital, nor cities; the government offices are in Yaren district.
|-
| [[Yerevan]] || '''{{flaglist|Armenia}}''' 
| Asia/Europe||
|- id=&quot;Z&quot;
| [[Zagreb]] || '''{{CRO}}''' 
|Europe||
|}


{{Commonscat|Capitals}}

[[vibhag:C]]
[[vibhag:Capital cities| ]]</text>
      <sha1>s4j0hlger7fmtmh83to207yrj6gkxiz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339360</id>
      <parentid>339359</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T10:15:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sampaadak</username>
        <id>1104</id>
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      <origin>339360</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39397" sha1="p2uoo3moq4mnf0q9ghspgpogouzj4ld" xml:space="preserve">'''Capital [[city]]''' (nai to khali '''capital'''; '''raajdhaani''') uu jagha hae jahan pe [[des]], [[state]] nai to [[province]] ke khaas administration waala jagha rahe hae.

Leader log aur sarkr ke karachari log capital city me kaam kare hae.

Capital jaada kar ke barraa city rahe hae, jaise ki, [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay|Uruguay's]] ke sab se barraa city hae, aur Uruguay ke capital bhi hae, lekin caputal sab time des ke sab se barra city nai rahe hae jaise ki [[India]] ke capital, [[New Delhi]], [[Mumbai]] se chhota hae aur [[Pakistan]] ke capital [[Islamabad]], [[Karachi]] se chhota hae.

Koi koi des me ek se jaada capital rahe hae, jaise ki [[South Africa]] ke capital duuno [[Cape Town]] aur [[Pretoria]] hae aur kuch des me ekko capital nai rahe hae jaise ki [[Nauru]].

==Dunia ke des ke raajdhaani ke suchi==

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:130px;&quot;|City/Town
!scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:200px;&quot;|Country/Territory
!Continent
! class=&quot;sortable&quot; |Notes
|- id=&quot;A&quot;
| [[Abidjan]] {{small|(pahile ke capital; jahaan pe abhi bhi kuchh sarkari offices hae)}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Ivory Coast|name=Ivory Coast}}''' (Côte d'Ivoire) 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Abidjan, Ivory Coast ke sab se barraa city aur sarkaari taur pe economic capital hae.
|-
| [[Yamoussoukro]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Abu Dhabi]] || '''{{flaglist|United Arab Emirates}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Abuja]] || '''{{flaglist|Nigeria}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa|| [[Lagos]] 1914 se 1991 talak capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Accra]] || '''{{flaglist|Ghana}}''' ||
|-
| [[Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands|Adamstown]] || {{flaglist|Pitcairn Islands}} 
| Oceania|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Addis Ababa]] || '''{{flaglist|Ethiopia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Aden]] {{small|(''de facto'', temporary)}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Yemen}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Yemen abhi civil war me hae, aur Sanaa ke Houthi rebels September 2014 se occupy kare hae. Aden, jon  [[South Yemen]] ke pahile ke capital rahaa, uu time se  provisional capital hae, internationally-recognized sarkar ke, lekin sarkari leadership city chhorr ke chal diye rahin, December 2025 takeover, by its separatist faction ke baad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Separatists claim broad control of southern Yemen |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/separatists-claim-broad-control-southern-yemen-2025-12-08/ |access-date=12 December 2025 |work=Reuters |date=8 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pro-coalition government flees Aden as tensions with STC escalate |url=https://en.ypagency.net/378552 |access-date=12 December 2025 |work=Yemen Press Agency |date=8 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Sanaa]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Episkopi Cantonment]] || {{flaglist|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} || [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Algiers]] || '''{{flaglist|Algeria}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Alofi]] || {{flaglist|Niue}} 
| Oceania|| Self-governing aur free association ke saathe [[New Zealand]] ke sanghe hae. Sarkaari offices duuno Alofi North aur Alofi South me hae.
|-
| [[Amman]] || '''{{flaglist|Jordan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Amsterdam]] {{small|(official)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Netherlands}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Europe|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | The Hague Noordeinde Palace, Cabinet of the Netherlands, Supreme Court of the Netherlands aur diplomatic missions hae. 
|-
| [[The Hague]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Andorra la Vella]] || '''{{flaglist|Andorra}}''' ||
|-
| [[Ankara]] || '''{{flaglist|Turkey}}''' 
|Asia||Ankara  Republic of Turkey ke capital 1923 me banaa rahaa,  Turkish War of Independence ke baad. Turkey ke predecessor,  [[Ottoman Empire]], ke capital [[Constantinople]] (abhi ke [[Istanbul]]) rahaa.
|-
| [[Antananarivo]] || '''{{flaglist|Madagascar}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Apia]] || '''{{flaglist|Samoa}}''' 
|Oceania||
|-
| [[Ashgabat]] || '''{{flaglist|Turkmenistan}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Asmara]] || '''{{flaglist|Eritrea}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Astana]] || '''{{flaglist|Kazakhstan}}''' 
|Asia|| Astana ke naam Nur-Sultan, 2019 se 2022 talak rahaa. [[Almaty]] Kazakhstan ke capital 1991 se 1997 talak rahaa aur isse pahile Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic ke capital, 1929 se 1991 talak rahaa.
|-
| [[Asunción]] || '''{{flaglist|Paraguay}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Atafu]] {{small|(atoll administration)}} || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | {{flaglist|Tokelau}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Oceania || Sab se barraa city aur sab se chhotaa [[atoll]] hae. [[New Zealand]], [[Tokelau]] ke own kare hae.
|-
| [[Nukunonu]] {{small|(atoll administration)}} || Sab se barraa [[atoll]]. Iske abaadi  531 hae.
|-
| [[Fakaofo]] {{small|(atoll administration)}} || Ii atoll ke sab se jaada abaadi waala city, [[Fale, Tokelau]] hae
|-
| [[Athens]] || '''{{flaglist|Greece}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Avarua]] || {{flaglist|Cook Islands}} 
|Oceania|| Self-governing in free association with [[New Zealand]]. Iske capital ke kabhi-kabhi galti se [[Rarotonga]] bataawa jaawe hae, uu island jisme  Avarua hae.
|- id=&quot;B&quot;
| [[Baghdad]] || '''{{flaglist|Iraq}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Baku]] || '''{{flaglist|Azerbaijan}}'''
| Asia/Europe||
|-
| [[Bamako]] || '''{{flaglist|Mali}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] || '''{{flaglist|Brunei}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Bangkok]] || '''{{THA}}''' ||
|-
| [[Bangui]] || '''{{flaglist|Central African Republic}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Banjul]] || '''{{flaglist|Gambia|name=Gambia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Basseterre]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}''' 
| rowspan=2 | North America||
|-
| [[Basse-Terre]] || {{flaglist|Guadeloupe|local}} || Overseas department and region of [[France]] hae.
|-
| [[Beijing]] || '''{{CHN}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia|| [[Historical capitals of China]] ke bhi dekho.
|-
| [[Beirut]] || '''{{flaglist|Lebanon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Belgrade]] || '''{{flaglist|Serbia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Belmopan]] || '''{{flaglist|Belize}}''' 
|North America|| [[Belize City]]  Belize ke pahile waala naam,  [[British Honduras]] ke niche, bhi capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Berlin]] || '''{{flaglist|Germany}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe|| [[Bonn]] , [[West Germany]] ke capital rahaa aur   reunified Germany ke capital 1999 talak rahaa, aur hian pe abhi talak chhe ministries hae. [[Capital of Germany]] ke bhi dekho. 
|-
| [[Bern]] {{Small|(''de facto'')}}|| '''{{flaglist|Switzerland}}''' ||
|-
| [[Bishkek]] || '''{{flaglist|Kyrgyzstan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Bissau]] || '''{{flaglist|Guinea-Bissau}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Bloemfontein]] {{small|(judicial)}} || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | '''{{flaglist|South Africa}}''' ||
|-
| [[Cape Town]] {{small|(legislative)}} ||
|-
| [[Pretoria]] {{small|(executive)}} ||
|-
| [[Bogotá]] || '''{{flaglist|Colombia}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Brades]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{flaglist|Montserrat}} 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | North America|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]. Plymouth ke [[Soufrière Hills]] volcano eruption ke baad, 1997 me abandon kar dewa gais rahaa. Uske baad sarkaari offices ke [[Brades]] hatae ke kar dewa gais hae, jon northwestern Montserrat me hae. Ek nawaa capital, [[Little Bay, Montserrat|Little Bay]], ke abhi banaawa jaawe hae.
|-
| [[Plymouth, Montserrat|Plymouth]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Brasília]] || '''{{flaglist|Brazil}}''' 
|South America||[[Rio de Janeiro]], 1960 talak capital rahaa. Aur dekho: [[Capitals of Brazil]].
|-
| [[Bratislava]] || '''{{flaglist|Slovakia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Brazzaville]] || '''{{flaglist|Congo}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Bridgetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Barbados}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[City of Brussels|Brussels]] || '''{{flaglist|Belgium}}'''&lt;br&gt; 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Europe||
|-
|{{flaglist|European Union}} {{Small|(''de facto'')&lt;ref name=&quot;capital&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cybriwsky |first=Roman Adrian |title=Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-61069-248-9 |page=[{{GBurl|id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ|p=64}} 64] |quote=Brussels, the capital of Belgium, is considered to be the de facto capital of the EU}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}||
|-
| [[Bucharest]] || '''{{flaglist|Romania}}''' ||
|-
| [[Budapest]] || '''{{flaglist|Hungary}}''' ||Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Hungary]].
|-
| [[Buenos Aires]] || '''{{flaglist|Argentina}}''' 
|South America||
|- id=&quot;C&quot;
|[[Cairo]]||'''{{flaglist|Egypt}}'''
|Africa||Ek nawaa capital ke abhi banaawa jaawe hae Iske naam saait Egypt rahii. Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Egypt]].
|-
|[[Canberra]]||'''{{flaglist|Australia}}'''
|Oceania|| Ii ek planned city hae jiske   [[Melbourne]] (''de facto'' jon uu time capital rahaa) aur [[Sydney]] (economic capital aur sab se jaada abaadi waala city) ke rivalry ke kaaran banaawa gais rahaa, duuno ke naam potential capitals in the Australasia Federation Conventions [[1890s]] me rakkhaa gais rahaa. [[Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia ke niche gives basic details about the location of the capital, size of the encompassing territory and so forth de hae, jab [[Seat of Government Act 1908]] iske aslii  location ke specify karis rahaa.
|-
|[[Caracas]]||'''{{flaglist|Venezuela|state}}'''
|South America||
|-
| [[Castries]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Lucia}}''' 
| North America ||
|-
| [[Cayenne]] || {{flaglist|French Guiana|local}}
| South America || Overseas departments and regions of France aur [[single territorial collectivity]], [[France]] ke.
|-
| [[Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands|Charlotte Amalie]] || {{flaglist|United States Virgin Islands}} || North America || [[Territories of the United States|Territory of the United States]].
|-
| [[Chișinău]] || '''{{flaglist|Moldova}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Ciudad de la Paz]] || '''{{flaglist|Equatorial Guinea}}''' 
|Africa|| [[Malabo]]  2026 talak capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Cockburn Town]] || {{flaglist|Turks and Caicos Islands}} 
| North America|| British Overseas Territory.
|-
| [[Colombo]] {{small|(executive, judicial)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Sri Lanka}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia|| 1982 talak, capital Colombo rahaa, jahaan pe abhi talak dher sarkaari  institutions hae; iske commercial capital of Sri Lanka bhi maana jaawe hae. Aur dekho: [[Capital of Sri Lanka]].
|-
| [[Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte]] {{small|(official)}} || Also known as Kotte, the city is a [[suburb]] of Colombo.
|-
| [[Conakry]] || '''{{flaglist|Guinea}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Copenhagen]] || '''{{flaglist|Denmark}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Cotonou]] {{small|(de facto)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Benin}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Porto-Novo]] {{small|(official)}} ||
|- id=&quot;D&quot;
| [[Dakar]] || '''{{flaglist|Senegal}}''' ||
|-
| [[Damascus]] || '''{{flaglist|Syria}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Dhaka]] || '''{{flaglist|Bangladesh}}''' ||
|-
| [[Dili]] || '''{{flaglist|East Timor|name=East Timor}}''' ||
|-
| [[Djibouti City|Djibouti]] || '''{{flaglist|Djibouti}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Dodoma]]
|'''{{flaglist|Tanzania}}'''||[[Dar es Salaam]], pahile ke capital aur sab se barraa city, me abhi talak Cabinet of Tanzania, High Court of Tanzania aur List of diplomatic missions in Tanzania hae.
|-
| [[Doha]] || '''{{flaglist|Qatar}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]] || {{flaglist|Isle of Man}} 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe|| British Crown Dependency.
|-
| [[Dublin]] || '''{{flaglist|Ireland}}''' ||
|-
| [[Dushanbe]] || '''{{flaglist|Tajikistan}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;E&quot;
| [[Edinburgh of the Seven Seas]] || {{flaglist|Tristan da Cunha}} 
| || [[British Overseas Territories]] ke hissa of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]].
|- id=&quot;F&quot;
| [[Flying Fish Cove]] || {{flaglist|Christmas Island}} 
| || Australia ke External territory.
|-
| [[Fort-de-France]] || {{flaglist|Martinique}}
| North America || [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas department, region]] aur [[single territorial collectivity]] [[France]] ke.
|-
| [[Freetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Sierra Leone}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Funafuti]] || '''{{flaglist|Tuvalu}}''' 
|Oceania||[[Vaiaku]] gaon, jon Funafuti me hae, de facto capital hae, jisme major organs of control hae
|- id=&quot;G&quot;
| [[Gaborone]] || '''{{flaglist|Botswana}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[George Town, Cayman Islands|George Town]] || {{flaglist|Cayman Islands}} 
|North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Georgetown, Ascension Island|Georgetown]] || {{flaglist|Ascension Island}} 
| || British Overseas Territory of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] ke hissa.
|-
| [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Guyana}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Gibraltar]] || {{flaglist|Gibraltar}} 
|Europe|| British Overseas Territory aur city-state.
|-
| [[Gitega]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Burundi}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Bujumbura, 1962 se 2018 talak capital rahaa.
|-
| [[Bujumbura]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Guatemala City]] || '''{{flaglist|Guatemala}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |North America||
|-
| [[Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy|Gustavia]] || {{flaglist|Saint Barthélemy|local}} || France ke Overseas collectivity.
|- id=&quot;H&quot;
| [[Hagåtña]] || {{flaglist|Guam}} 
|Oceania|| Territory of the United States.
|-
| [[Hamilton, Bermuda|Hamilton]] || {{flaglist|Bermuda}} 
|North America|| British Overseas Territory.
|-
| [[Hanoi]] || '''{{VIE}}''' 
|Asia||Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Vietnam]].
|-
| [[Harare]] || '''{{ZIM}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Hargeisa]] || {{flaglist|Somaliland}} ||Ii ''de facto'' independent state hae, jiske UN  Somalia ke hissa maane hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=WorldCapital org |date=2025-11-26 |title=Somalia |url=https://worldcapitals.org/africa/somalia/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=Capital |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Havana]] || '''{{flaglist|Cuba}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Helsinki]] || '''{{flaglist|Finland}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Honiara]] || '''{{flaglist|Solomon Islands}}''' 
| Oceania||Honiara,  [[Guadalcanal]] island ke ek basti hae.
|- id=&quot;I&quot;
| [[Islamabad]] || '''{{flaglist|Pakistan}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia|| [[Karachi]], Pakistan ke pahila  capital rahaa,   1948 se. Ek planned capital, Islamabad, ke 1958 me designate karaa gais rahaa , as an interim measure, aur capital ke [[Rawalpindi]] hatae ke kar dewa gais rahaa, jon , hoe waala capital ke nagiich rahaa. Islamabad 1967 me capital banaa rahaa. 
|- id=&quot;J&quot;

|[[Jakarta]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{INA}}''' || Capital ke [[Nusantara (city)|Nusantara]] Borneo me, hatae ke kar dewa jaai. Aur dekho: [[Capital of Indonesia]].
|-
|[[Nusantara (city)|Nusantara]] ||
|-

| [[Jamestown, Saint Helena|Jamestown]] || {{flaglist|Saint Helena}} 
| || British Overseas Territory of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] ke ek hissa.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Jerusalem]]
|'''{{flaglist|Israel}}'''
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Asia
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Jerusalem Law]] batae hae ki &quot;Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel&quot; aur ii city Israeli sarkar aur iske   institutions ke seat hae. [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 478]] declare karis rahaa ki Jerusalem Law &quot;null and void&quot; hae aur member states se maang kare rahin ki uu log aapan-aapan   diplomatic missions ke Jerusalem se nikal de. Lagbhag sab des ke  embassies  [[Tel Aviv]] me, nai to iske lage hae.  [[United Nations|UN]] ke defy kar ke,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://press.un.org/en/2017/ga11995.doc.htm | title=General Assembly Overwhelmingly Adopts Resolution Asking Nations Not to Locate Diplomatic Missions in Jerusalem &amp;#124; Meetings Coverage and Press Releases }}&lt;/ref&gt; United States recognize karis  Jerusalem ke capital aur aapan  embassy ke May 2018 me huan pe kar diis rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;See the [https://web.archive.org/web/20260118073834/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/ CIA Factbook] and [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/israel.pdf Map of Israel]&lt;/ref&gt; Dher des ii maane hae ki Jerusalem ke ek international status rahe ke chaahi, jaise  1947 Partition Plan me likha rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Sharkansky |first=Ira |author-link=Ira Sharkansky |title=Governing Jerusalem: Again on the world's agenda |page=[https://archive.org/details/governingjerusal0000shar/page/23 23] |publisher=Wayne State University Press |year=1996 |isbn=0-8143-2592-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/governingjerusal0000shar/page/23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Palestine}}'''
|-
| [[Ramallah]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Juba]] || '''{{flaglist|South Sudan}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id=&quot;K&quot;
| [[Kabul]] || '''{{flaglist|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|name=Afghanistan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Kampala]] || '''{{flaglist|Uganda}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Kathmandu]] || '''{{flaglist|Nepal}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Khartoum]] || '''{{flaglist|Sudan}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Kigali]] || '''{{flaglist|Rwanda}}''' ||
|-
| [[King Edward Point]] || {{flaglist|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} 
| || [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || '''{{flaglist|Jamaica}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Kingston, Norfolk Island|Kingston]] || {{flaglist|Norfolk Island}} 
| Oceania|| [[Australia]] ke [[States and territories of Australia|External territory]] hae.
|-
| [[Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Kingstown]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Kinshasa]] || '''{{flaglist|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Kralendijk]] || {{flaglist|Bonaire}}
| North America || ]] [[Netherlands]] ke public body.
|-
| [[Kuala Lumpur]] {{small|(''de jure'', legislative and royal)}}|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{MAS}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Putrajaya]] {{small|(administrative and judicial)}} ||
|-
| [[Kuwait City]] || '''{{flaglist|Kuwait}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Kyiv]] || '''{{flaglist|Ukraine}}''' 
|Europe||
|- id=&quot;L&quot;
| [[La Paz]] {{small|(administrative)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Bolivia}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |South America|| [[La Paz]], dunia ke sab se uunchaa administrative capital (3,650 m) hae, Quito se bhi uunchaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Highest&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[Sucre]] {{small|(constitutional)}} ||
|-
| [[Laayoune]] {{small|(declared)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{flaglist|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|name=Western Sahara}} 
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Africa|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[List of states with limited recognition|''De facto'' independent state]] jiske duuno [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR), aur [[Morocco]] aapan maane hae.  Laayoune is [[Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara|Moroccan-controlled territory]] me hae jab Tifariti  [[Free Zone (region)|Sahrawi-controlled territory]] me hae aur   [[temporary capital]] (previously [[Bir Lehlou]]) hae. Kuchh sarkari aur  military buildings  exile me [[Tindouf, Algeria]] me hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|title=CIA - The World Factbook -- Western Sahara|date=June 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|archive-date=2007-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; See also: [[Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]].
|-
| [[Tifariti]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Libreville]] || '''{{flaglist|Gabon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lilongwe]] || '''{{flaglist|Malawi}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lima]] || '''{{flaglist|Peru|state}}''' 
|South America|| [[Cusco]] ke &quot;historical capital&quot; maana jaaw ehae , Article 49 of the [[Constitution of Peru|Peruvian Constitution]] ke niche, jon khaali ek symbolic statement hae. [[Arequipa]] ike &quot;legal capital&quot; bataawa jaawr hae kaaheki hian pe [[Constitutional Court of Peru|Constitutional Court]] hae.
|-
| [[Lisbon]] || '''{{POR}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Ljubljana]] || '''{{flaglist|Slovenia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lobamba]] {{small|(royal and legislative)}} || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Eswatini}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Mbabane]] {{small|(administrative)}} ||
|-
| [[Lomé]] || '''{{flaglist|Togo}}''' ||
|-
| [[London]] || '''{{UK}}''' 
|Europe|| [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union in 1707]] se pahile, London khaali  England ke capital rahaa; Edinburgh [[Kingdom of Scotland]] ke capital rahaa. United Kingdom me hae {{Flagu|England}} (capital London), {{Flagu|Scotland}} (capital [[Edinburgh]]), {{Flagu|Wales}} ([[Capital of Wales|capital]] [[Cardiff]]), Northern Ireland (capital [[Belfast]]).
|-
|[[London]] {{Small|(administration)}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{Flaglist|British Indian Ocean Territory}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]. Officially, the British Indian Ocean Territory, London se  is administered hae,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Governance {{!}} British Indian Ocean Territory |url=https://www.biot.gov.io/governance/ |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.biot.gov.io}}&lt;/ref&gt; lekin kuchh log iske  [[Diego Garcia]] ke capital maane hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) |url=https://islandstudies.com/files/2016/11/British-Indian-Ocean-Territory-BIOT.pdf |website=Island Studies |publisher=[[University of Prince Edward Island]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Diego Garcia]] {{Small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Longyearbyen]] || {{flaglist|Svalbard and Jan Mayen}}
| Europe ||  [[Kingdom of Norway]] ke inincorporated area.
|-
| [[Luanda]] || '''{{flaglist|Angola}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|-
| [[Lusaka]] || '''{{flaglist|Zambia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Luxembourg City|Luxembourg]] || '''{{flaglist|Luxembourg}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|- id=&quot;M&quot;
| [[Madrid]] || '''{{flaglist|Spain}}''' ||
|-
| [[Majuro]] || '''{{flaglist|Marshall Islands}}''' 
| Oceania||Self-governing aur [[associated state|free association]]  [[United States]] ke saathe. Seat of government  [[Delap-Uliga-Djarrit]] me hae, ek basti jon atoll of Majuro me hae.
|-
| [[Malé]] || '''{{flaglist|Maldives}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Mamoudzou]] || {{flaglist|Mayotte|local}}
| Africa || [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas department, region]] and [[single territorial collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Managua]] || '''{{flaglist|Nicaragua}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Manama]] || '''{{flaglist|Bahrain}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Manila]] || '''{{PHI}}''' ||
|-
| [[Maputo]] || '''{{flaglist|Mozambique}}''' 
| Africa||
|-
| [[Mariehamn]] || {{flaglist|Åland Islands}} 
| Europe|| Autonomous region of [[Finland]].
|-
| [[Marigot, Saint Martin|Marigot]] || {{flaglist|Saint Martin|local}} 
| North America|| France ke [[overseas collectivity]].
|-
| [[Maseru]] || '''{{flaglist|Lesotho}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Mata Utu]] || {{flaglist|Wallis and Futuna|local}} 
| Oceania|| France ke overseas collectivity.
|-
| [[Mexico City]] || '''{{flaglist|Mexico}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Minsk]] || '''{{flaglist|Belarus}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Mogadishu]] || '''{{flaglist|Somalia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Municipality of Monaco|Monaco]] || '''{{flaglist|Monaco}}''' 
|Europe|| [[City-state]]. Monaco ke koi capital iske [[Constitution of Monaco|its constitution]] me nai likha gais hae; lekin, the Commune of Monaco, des ke khaali ek [[Commune (administrative division)|commune]], aur des ekke hae, jiske matlab hae ki ii ''de facto'' capital hae.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gouvernement Princier Principauté de Monaco&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Constitution of the Principality |url=https://en.gouv.mc/Government-Institutions/Institutions/Constitution-of-the-Principality |website=Gouvernement Princier Principauté de Monaco |publisher=Principauté de Monaco |access-date=28 February 2020 |language=en |date=17 December 1962}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Monaco |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Monaco |website=Britannica |access-date=28 February 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Monrovia]] || '''{{flaglist|Liberia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Montevideo]] || '''{{flaglist|Uruguay}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Moroni, Comoros|Moroni]] || '''{{flaglist|Comoros}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Moscow]] || '''{{flaglist|Russia}}''' 
|Europe|| [[Saint Petersburg]] me [[Constitutional Court of Russia]] hae
|-
| [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]] || '''{{OMA}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;N&quot;
| [[Nairobi]] || '''{{flaglist|Kenya}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]] || '''{{flaglist|Bahamas, The}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Naypyidaw]] || '''{{MYA}}''' 
|Asia||[[Yangon]] 2006 talak capital rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nay Pyi Taw {{!}} national capital, Myanmar {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nay-Pyi-Taw |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; See also: [[List of capitals of Myanmar]].
|-
| [[N'Djamena]] || '''{{flaglist|Chad}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[New Delhi]] || '''{{IND}}''' 
|Asia|| [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]  [[India]] ke capital 1911 talak rahaa,  [[British Raj]] ke time.
|-
| [[Ngerulmud]] || '''{{flaglist|Palau}}''' 
| Oceania|| Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. [[Koror City]]  2006 talak capital rahaa. 
|-
| [[Niamey]] || '''{{flaglist|Niger}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Nicosia]] || '''{{flaglist|Cyprus}}'''&lt;br&gt; 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Nicosia ek [[List of divided cities|divided capital]] hae, jon Cyprus, jon puura  city ke claim kare hae, aur [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|internationally unrecognized]] breakaway state of Northern Cyprus ke bhi capital hae.
|-
|{{flaglist|Northern Cyprus}}
|-
| [[Nouakchott]] || '''{{flaglist|Mauritania}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Nouméa]] || {{flagdeco|New Caledonia|local}} [[New Caledonia]] 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Oceania|| France ke [[overseas territory]].
|-
| [[Nukuʻalofa]] || '''{{flaglist|Tonga}}''' ||
|-

| [[Nuuk]] || {{flaglist|Greenland}} 
|North America||  [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]] ke ek self-governing des.
|- id=&quot;O&quot;
| [[Oranjestad]] || {{flaglist|Aruba}} 
| South America|| [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] ke self-governing des.
|-
| [[Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius|Oranjestad]] || {{flaglist|Sint Eustatius}}
| North America || [[Caribbean Netherlands|Public body]] of the [[Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Oslo]] || '''{{NOR}}''' 
|Europe||Aur dekho: [[List of historical capitals of Norway]].
|-
| [[Ottawa]] || '''{{CAN}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Ouagadougou]] || '''{{flaglist|Burkina Faso}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id=&quot;P&quot;
| [[Pago Pago]] || {{flaglist|American Samoa}} 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Oceania|| Inted States ke [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] .
|-
| [[Palikir]] || '''{{flaglist|Micronesia|name=Micronesia}}''' || Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. [[Kolonia]] pahile ke capital rahaa aur [[Australia]], [[China]], [[Japan]] aur [[United States]] ke embassies hian pe hae.
|-
| [[Panama City]] || '''{{flaglist|Panama}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Papeete]] || {{flaglist|French Polynesia}} 
| Oceania|| France ke [[overseas collectivity]].
|-
| [[Paramaribo]] || '''{{flaglist|Suriname}}''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Team |first=WordCapital org |date=2025-09-25 |title=Suriname |url=https://worldcapitals.org/south-america/suriname/ |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=Capital |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| South America||
|-
| [[Paris]] || '''{{FRA}}''' 
|Europe||Aur dekho: [[List of capitals of France|List of Capitals of France]].
|-
| [[Philipsburg, Sint Maarten|Philipsburg]] || {{flaglist|Sint Maarten}} 
| North America|| Self-governing des [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] ke niche.
|-
| [[Phnom Penh]] || '''{{CAM}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
|[[Podgorica]]
|'''{{flaglist|Montenegro}}'''
|Europe
|[[Cetinje]] ke &quot;Old Royal Capital&quot;  bataawa jaawe hae aur abhi  [[President of Montenegro|President]] hian rahe hae.
|-
| [[Port Louis]] || '''{{flaglist|Mauritius}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Port Moresby]] || '''{{flaglist|Papua New Guinea}}''' 
| Oceania||
|-
| [[Port of Spain]] || '''{{flaglist|Trinidad and Tobago}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Port Vila]] || '''{{flaglist|Vanuatu}}''' 
| Oceania||
|-
| [[Port-au-Prince]] || '''{{flaglist|Haiti}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Prague]] || '''{{CZE}}''' 
|Europe|| [[Supreme Court of the Czech Republic]], [[Brno]] me hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-30 |title=Countries With More Than One Capital City |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/cities/countries-with-more-than-one-capital-city.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Praia]] || '''{{flaglist|Cape Verde}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Pristina]] || {{flaglist|Kosovo}} 
|Europe|| [[List of states with limited recognition|''De facto'' independent state]] jiske [[Serbia]] claim kare hae  [[Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija]] ke hissa ke ruup me.
|-
| [[Pyongyang]] || '''{{PRK}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;Q&quot;
| [[Quito]] || '''{{flaglist|Ecuador}}''' 
|South America|| [[List of capital cities by elevation|Sab se uunchaa official capital]] (2,850 m).&lt;ref name = &quot;Highest&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/19/amazonia-or-bust/#ftn3 |title=Amazonia or Bust! |last=Jacobs |first=Frank |newspaper=New York Times |date=19 June 2012 |access-date=28 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- id=&quot;R&quot;
| [[Rabat]] || '''{{flaglist|Morocco}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Reykjavík]] || '''{{flaglist|Iceland}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Riga]] || '''{{flaglist|Latvia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Riyadh]] || '''{{KSA}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Road Town]] || {{flaglist|British Virgin Islands}} 
| North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Rome]] || '''{{flaglist|Italy}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Roseau]] || '''{{flaglist|Dominica}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Rothera Research Station|Rothera]] || {{flaglist|British Antarctic Territory}} 
| Antarctica|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]
|- id=&quot;S&quot;
| [[Saipan]] || {{flaglist|Northern Mariana Islands}} 
| Oceania|| [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]]. Seat of government [[Capitol Hill, Saipan|Capitol Hill]] me hae, ek basti island of Saipan me.
|-
| [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]] || {{flaglist|Réunion|local}}
| Africa || France ke [[Overseas departments and regions of France|Overseas department and region]] .
|-
| [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]] || '''{{flaglist|Costa Rica}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | North America||
|-
| [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]] || {{flaglist|Puerto Rico}} || United States ke [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] .
|-
| [[City of San Marino|San Marino]] || '''{{flaglist|San Marino}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[San Salvador]] || '''{{flaglist|El Salvador}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Santiago]]|| '''{{flaglist|Chile}}''' 
|South America|| [[National Congress of Chile]]  [[Valparaíso]] me hae.
|-
| [[Santo Domingo]] || '''{{flaglist|Dominican Republic}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[São Tomé]] || '''{{flaglist|São Tomé and Príncipe}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Sarajevo]] || '''{{flaglist|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Seoul]] || '''{{KOR}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia|| 2 July 2012 me, kuchh sarkari functions [[Sejong City]] move hoe gais, jon ''de facto'' administrative capital ban gais rahaa.
|-
| [[Singapore]] || '''{{SIN}}''' || [[City-state]].
|-
| [[Skopje]] || '''{{flaglist|North Macedonia|name=North Macedonia}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Sofia]] || '''{{flaglist|Bulgaria}}''' ||
|-
| [[South Tarawa]] || '''{{KIR}}''' 
| Oceania||South Tarawa ek basti hae atoll of [[Tarawa]] me.
|-
| [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]] || '''{{flaglist|Grenada}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[St. Helier]] || {{flaglist|Jersey}} 
| Europe|| [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]].
|-
| | [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]]&lt;ref name='cia'&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260115003123/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/antigua-and-barbuda/ Antigua and Barbuda] - CIA World Factbook&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/place/Antigua-and-Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda] - Encyclopaedia Britannica&lt;/ref&gt; || '''{{flaglist|Antigua and Barbuda}}'''
| North America|| 
|-
| [[St. Peter Port]] || {{flaglist|Guernsey}} 
| Europe|| [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]].
|-
| [[St. Pierre, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|St. Pierre]] || {{flaglist|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} 
| North America|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Stanley, Falkland Islands|Stanley]] || {{flaglist|Falkland Islands}} 
| South America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Stockholm]] || '''{{flaglist|Sweden}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Sukhumi]] || {{flaglist|Abkhazia}} 
| Asia/Europe|| ''De facto'' independent state [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|with partial recognition]] jiske [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] claim kare hae as the [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia]].
|-
| [[Suva]] || '''{{flaglist|Fiji}}''' 
| Oceania||
|- id=&quot;T&quot;
| [[Taipei]] || {{flaglist|Taiwan}} 
|Asia|| ''De facto'' independent state, jiske officially  Republic of China bola jaawe hae, jon [[China|People's Republic of China]] se compete kare hae for recognition as the [[One China|sole Chinese government]] 1949 se. Taiwan  [[Geography of Taiwan|island of Taiwan]] ke control kare hae aur [[List of islands of Taiwan|associated islands]] Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas, aur [[Spratly Islands]] ke kuchh hissa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spratly&quot; group=&quot;Note&quot;&gt;Spratly Islands ke uppar ke soverinity ke PRC dispute kare hae, ROC, [[Vietnam]],  [[Philippines]] (part), [[Malaysia]] (part), aur [[Brunei]] (part) ke saathe.&lt;/ref&gt; Iske territory ke  People's Republic of China puura claim kare hae.&lt;ref name=&quot;TAI2&quot; group=Note&gt;In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) lost the [[Chinese Civil War]] to the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the People's Republic. As such, the [[Political status of Taiwan|political status]] of the ROC and the [[legal status of Taiwan]] (alongside the [[Free Area of the Republic of China|territories]] under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the [[United Nations]] gave the [[China and the United Nations|China seat]] to the PRC instead of the ROC: most states recognize the PRC to be the [[One-China policy|sole legitimate representative of all China]], and the UN classifies Taiwan as &quot;[[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan, Province of China]]&quot;. The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates [[Taiwan independence]].&lt;/ref&gt; Republic of China dher  international organizations me hissa le hae dher pseudonyms ke niche, jisme se sab se jaada [[Chinese Taipei]] hae.
|-
| [[Tallinn]] || '''{{flaglist|Estonia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Tashkent]] || '''{{UZB}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Tbilisi]] || '''{{flaglist|Georgia}}''' 
| Asia/Europe||2012 se 2018 talak, [[Kutaisi]]  Georgia ke legislative capital rahaa. Iske saathe, [[Mtskheta]] ke kabhi-kabhi  &quot;ancient capital&quot; of Georgia bola jaawe hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mtskheta {{!}} Ancient Capital, UNESCO Site {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mtskheta |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Georgia marks day of ancient capital Mtskheta, Svetitskhoveli UNESCO monument |url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2022/3999 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=Agenda.ge}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Tegucigalpa]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | '''{{flaglist|Honduras}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | North America|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Comayagüela [[Constitution of Honduras|Honduran Constitution]] ke niche co-official capital hae Tegucigalpa ke saathe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-07-05 |title=Constitution of Honduras |url=http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705043950/http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-05 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; The cities have since merged into a single urban area.
|-
|[[Comayagüela]]
|-
| [[Tehran]] || '''{{flaglist|Iran}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Asia||
|-
| [[Thimphu]] || '''{{flaglist|Bhutan}}''' ||
|-
| [[The Bottom]] || {{flaglist|Saba}}
| North America || Netherlands ke [[Caribbean Netherlands|Public body]] .
|-
| [[Tirana]] || '''{{flaglist|Albania}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Tiraspol]] || {{flaglist|Transnistria|state}} || ''De facto'' independent state, [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|recognized by only non UN members]].  [[Moldova]] iske claim kare hae as the autonomous territorial unit of [[Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester]]
|-
| [[Tokyo]] || '''{{JPN}}''' 
|Asia||Aur dekho: [[Capital of Japan]].
|-
| [[Tórshavn]] || {{flaglist|Faroe Islands}} 
|Europe|| Self-governing country  [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]] me.
|-
| [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] || '''{{flaglist|Libya}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Tskhinvali]] || {{flaglist|South Ossetia}} 
| Asia/Europe|| ''De facto'' independent state [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|with limited recognition]].  [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] iske claim kare hae as the [[Provisional Administration of South Ossetia]].
|-
| [[Tunis]] || '''{{flaglist|Tunisia}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id=&quot;U&quot;
| [[Ulaanbaatar]] || '''{{flaglist|Mongolia}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id=&quot;V&quot;
| [[Vaduz]] || '''{{flaglist|Liechtenstein}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|-
| [[Valletta]] || '''{{flaglist|Malta}}''' ||
|-
| [[The Valley, Anguilla|The Valley]] || {{flaglist|Anguilla}} 
| North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Vatican City]] || '''{{flaglist|Vatican City}}''' 
|Europe|| [[City-state]].
|-
| [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]] || '''{{flaglist|Seychelles}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Vienna]] || '''{{flaglist|Austria}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Vientiane]] || '''{{LAO}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Vilnius]] || '''{{flaglist|Lithuania}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe||
|- id=&quot;W&quot;
| [[Warsaw]] || '''{{flaglist|Poland}}''' ||Former capitals listed in [[Template:Historical capitals of Poland]].
|-
| [[Washington, D.C.]] || '''{{US}}''' 
|North America||United States ke capital ke dher dafe badla gais hae. Aur dekho: [[List of capitals in the United States#National capitals|National capitals of the United States]].
|-
| [[Wellington]] || '''{{NZL}}''' 
|Oceania|| 1865 se. Wellington  New Zealand ke tiisra capital hae. Aur dekho: [[Capital of New Zealand]].
|-
| [[West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands|West Island]] || {{flaglist|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} 
| || Australia ke [[States and territories of Australia|External territory]] 
|-
| [[Willemstad]] || {{flaglist|Curaçao}} 
| ||  [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] ke self-governing des..
|-
| [[Windhoek]] || '''{{flaglist|Namibia}}''' 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Africa||
|- id=&quot;Y&quot;
| [[Yaoundé]] || '''{{flaglist|Cameroon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Yaren]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}|| '''{{flaglist|Nauru}}''' 
| Oceania|| Nauru ke koi official capital nai hae, aue cities bhi nai; sarkari daftar  Yaren district me hae.
|-
| [[Yerevan]] || '''{{flaglist|Armenia}}''' 
| Asia/Europe||
|- id=&quot;Z&quot;
| [[Zagreb]] || '''{{CRO}}''' 
|Europe||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Capitals}}

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{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6n9xrkgwrhqddknwc59l4tya8074m0o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Template shortcut</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>19051</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339338</id>
      <parentid>203527</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-02-16T17:54:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Nardog</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>TfM closed as convert</comment>
      <origin>339338</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="105" sha1="me4jjte8wllgxkf22h7gbzu0e2tux3i" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Shortcut|main|template=yes}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>me4jjte8wllgxkf22h7gbzu0e2tux3i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339339</id>
      <parentid>339338</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Template_shortcut]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339338</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="105" sha1="me4jjte8wllgxkf22h7gbzu0e2tux3i" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Shortcut|main|template=yes}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>me4jjte8wllgxkf22h7gbzu0e2tux3i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Joan Alcover</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23614</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339361</id>
      <parentid>301866</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T10:21:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-57354-68</username>
        <id>41969</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>339361</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3213" sha1="k9gf6i1zm8cei9rdntzc461hiyyiuvr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox writer &lt;!-- For more information see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]]. --&gt; 
| name          = Joan Alcover
| image         = Joan Alcover Maspons.svg
| imagesize     = 
| alt           = 
| caption       =  
| pseudonym     = 
| birth_name    = Joan Alcover i Maspons
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1854|5|3|df=y}}
| birth_place   = Palma de Mallorca, [[Spain]]
| death_date    = {{death date and age|1926|2|25|1854|5|3|df=y}}
| death_place   = Palma de Mallorca, [[Spain]]
| resting_place = 
| occupation    = Wakil, politician, kavi
| language      = Catalan and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| nationality   = [[Spain|Spanish]]
| ethnicity     = 
| citizenship   = 
| education     = 
| alma_mater    = 
| period        = 
| genre         = 
| subject       = 
| movement      = 
| notableworks  = ''La Balanguera'' (Mallorca anthem)
| spouse        = Rosa Pujol Guarch&lt;br /&gt;Maria del Haro Rosselló
| partner       = 
| children      = Pere, Teresa, Gaietà&lt;br /&gt;Maria, Pau
| relatives     = 
| influences    = 
| influenced    = 
| awards        = Floral Games
| signature     = 
| signature_alt = 
| website       = 
| portaldisp    = 
}}
'''Joan Alcover i Maspons''' (&lt;small&gt;Catalan pronunciation:&lt;/small&gt; [ʒuˈan əɫkoˈve]) (3 May 1854 &amp;ndash; 25 February 1926) [[Spain|Spanish]] Balearic lekhak, kavi, essay lekhak aur politician rahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;GEN&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/culturacatalana/menuitem.be2bc4cc4c5aec88f94a9710b0c0e1a0/?vgnextoid=51b8ef2126896210VgnVCM1000000b0c1e0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=51b8ef2126896210VgnVCM1000000b0c1e0aRCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=detall2&amp;contentid=6e0eef7fb89d7210VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD&amp;newLang=en_GB | title=Joan Alcover | accessdate=4 April 2014 | publisher=Generalitat de Catalunya | archive-date=20 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320114658/http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/culturacatalana/menuitem.be2bc4cc4c5aec88f94a9710b0c0e1a0/?vgnextoid=51b8ef2126896210VgnVCM1000000b0c1e0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=51b8ef2126896210VgnVCM1000000b0c1e0aRCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=detall2&amp;contentid=6e0eef7fb89d7210VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD&amp;newLang=en_GB | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kaam==
===Spanish===
* ''Poesías'', 1887
* ''Nuevas Poesías'', 1892
* ''Poemas y armonías'', 1894
* ''Meteoros'', 1901

===Catalan===
* ''La relíquia'' (1903)
* ''La Balanguera'', Mallorca anthem
* ''La serra'', homenatge a Costa i Llobera
* ''Cap al tard'', recull poètic (1909)
* ''Poemes bíblics'', recull poètic (1918)
* ''Desolació, ''expressió dels seus sentiments

* ''Humanització de l'art'' (1904)
* ''Reaccio literària'' (1910)
* ''Cultura de llenguatge'' (1916)
* ''L'art segons Tolstoi'' (1921)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Persondata &lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --&gt;
| NAME              = Alcover, Joan
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Joan Alcover i Maspons
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Spanish Balearic wakil, lekhak, kavi, essayist and politician
| DATE OF BIRTH     = 3 May 1854
| PLACE OF BIRTH    = Palma de Mallorca, [[Spain]]
| DATE OF DEATH     = 25 February 1926
| PLACE OF DEATH    = Palma de Mallorca, [[Spain]]
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alcover, Joan}}

[[vibhag:1854 janam]]
[[vibhag:1926 maut]]
[[vibhag:Catalonia ke log]]</text>
      <sha1>k9gf6i1zm8cei9rdntzc461hiyyiuvr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Tsh</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>23733</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Template shortcut" />
    <revision>
      <id>339340</id>
      <parentid>211068</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-27T18:00:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;MusikBot II</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Changed protection settings for &quot;[[Template:Tsh]]&quot;: [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]]: 2516 transclusions ([[User:MusikBot II/TemplateProtector|more info]]) ([Edit=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite) [Move=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>339340</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="dbgssn12xup12fq1n1zhkcktef0d05l" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Template shortcut]]

{{rcatsh|
{{R tsh}}
}}</text>
      <sha1>dbgssn12xup12fq1n1zhkcktef0d05l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339341</id>
      <parentid>339340</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Tsh]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339340</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="64" sha1="dbgssn12xup12fq1n1zhkcktef0d05l" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Template shortcut]]

{{rcatsh|
{{R tsh}}
}}</text>
      <sha1>dbgssn12xup12fq1n1zhkcktef0d05l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:List</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>24008</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339268</id>
      <parentid>331814</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-12T00:43:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;JJMC89</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>move was reverted</comment>
      <origin>339268</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="5171" sha1="lyheh2t5yqhjixmg8vlktt3t9sq2ewi" xml:space="preserve">local libUtil = require('libraryUtil')
local checkType = libUtil.checkType
local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools')

local p = {}

local listTypes = {
	['bulleted'] = true,
	['unbulleted'] = true,
	['horizontal'] = true,
	['ordered'] = true,
	['horizontal_ordered'] = true
}

function p.makeListData(listType, args)
	-- Constructs a data table to be passed to p.renderList.
	local data = {}

	-- Classes and TemplateStyles
	data.classes = {}
	data.templatestyles = ''
	if listType == 'horizontal' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then
		table.insert(data.classes, 'hlist')
		data.templatestyles = mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{
			name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Hlist/styles.css' }
		}
	elseif listType == 'unbulleted' then
		table.insert(data.classes, 'plainlist')
		data.templatestyles = mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{
			name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Plainlist/styles.css' }
		}
	end
	table.insert(data.classes, args.class)

	-- Main div style
	data.style = args.style

	-- Indent for horizontal lists
	if listType == 'horizontal' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then
		local indent = tonumber(args.indent)
		indent = indent and indent * 1.6 or 0
		if indent &gt; 0 then
			data.marginLeft = indent .. 'em'
		end
	end
	
	-- List style types for ordered lists
	-- This could be &quot;1, 2, 3&quot;, &quot;a, b, c&quot;, or a number of others. The list style
	-- type is either set by the &quot;type&quot; attribute or the &quot;list-style-type&quot; CSS
	-- property.
	if listType == 'ordered' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then 
		data.listStyleType = args.list_style_type or args['list-style-type']
		data.type = args['type']

		-- Detect invalid type attributes and attempt to convert them to
		-- list-style-type CSS properties.
		if data.type 
			and not data.listStyleType
			and not tostring(data.type):find('^%s*[1AaIi]%s*$')
		then
			data.listStyleType = data.type
			data.type = nil
		end
	end
	
	-- List tag type
	if listType == 'ordered' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then
		data.listTag = 'ol'
	else
		data.listTag = 'ul'
	end

	-- Start number for ordered lists
	data.start = args.start
	if listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then
		-- Apply fix to get start numbers working with horizontal ordered lists.
		local startNum = tonumber(data.start)
		if startNum then
			data.counterReset = 'listitem ' .. tostring(startNum - 1)
		end
	end

	-- List style
	 -- ul_style and ol_style are included for backwards compatibility. No
	 -- distinction is made for ordered or unordered lists.
	data.listStyle = args.list_style

	-- List items
	-- li_style is included for backwards compatibility. item_style was included
	-- to be easier to understand for non-coders.
	data.itemStyle = args.item_style or args.li_style
	data.items = {}
	for _, num in ipairs(mTableTools.numKeys(args)) do
		local item = {}
		item.content = args[num]
		item.style = args['item' .. tostring(num) .. '_style']
			or args['item_style' .. tostring(num)]
		item.value = args['item' .. tostring(num) .. '_value']
			or args['item_value' .. tostring(num)]
		table.insert(data.items, item)
	end
	
	return data
end

function p.renderList(data)
	-- Renders the list HTML.
	
	-- Return the blank string if there are no list items.
	if type(data.items) ~= 'table' or #data.items &lt; 1 then
		return ''
	end
	
	-- Render the main div tag.
	local root = mw.html.create('div')
	for _, class in ipairs(data.classes or {}) do
		root:addClass(class)
	end
	root:css{['margin-left'] = data.marginLeft}
	if data.style then
		root:cssText(data.style)
	end

	-- Render the list tag.
	local list = root:tag(data.listTag or 'ul')
	list
		:attr{start = data.start, type = data.type}
		:css{
			['counter-reset'] = data.counterReset,
			['list-style-type'] = data.listStyleType
		}
	if data.listStyle then
		list:cssText(data.listStyle)
	end

	-- Render the list items
	for _, t in ipairs(data.items or {}) do
		local item = list:tag('li')
		if data.itemStyle then
			item:cssText(data.itemStyle)
		end
		if t.style then
			item:cssText(t.style)
		end
		item
			:attr{value = t.value}
			:wikitext(t.content)
	end

	return data.templatestyles .. tostring(root)
end

function p.makeList(listType, args)
	if not listType or not listTypes[listType] then
		error(string.format(
			&quot;bad argument #1 to 'makeList' ('%s' is not a valid list type)&quot;,
			tostring(listType)
		), 2)
	end
	checkType('makeList', 2, args, 'table')
	local data = p.makeListData(listType, args)
	local list = p.renderList(data)
	return list
end

for listType in pairs(listTypes) do
	p[listType] = function (frame)
		local mArguments = require('Module:Arguments')
		local origArgs = mArguments.getArgs(frame, {
			frameOnly = ((frame and frame.args and frame.args.frameonly or '') ~= ''),
			valueFunc = function (key, value)
			if not value or not mw.ustring.find(value, '%S') then return nil end
			if mw.ustring.find(value, '^%s*[%*#;:]') then
				return value
			else
				return value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
			end
			return nil
		end
		})
		-- Copy all the arguments to a new table, for faster indexing.
		local args = {}
		for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do
			args[k] = v
		end
		return p.makeList(listType, args)
	end
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>lyheh2t5yqhjixmg8vlktt3t9sq2ewi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339269</id>
      <parentid>339268</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:List]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339268</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="5171" sha1="lyheh2t5yqhjixmg8vlktt3t9sq2ewi" xml:space="preserve">local libUtil = require('libraryUtil')
local checkType = libUtil.checkType
local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools')

local p = {}

local listTypes = {
	['bulleted'] = true,
	['unbulleted'] = true,
	['horizontal'] = true,
	['ordered'] = true,
	['horizontal_ordered'] = true
}

function p.makeListData(listType, args)
	-- Constructs a data table to be passed to p.renderList.
	local data = {}

	-- Classes and TemplateStyles
	data.classes = {}
	data.templatestyles = ''
	if listType == 'horizontal' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then
		table.insert(data.classes, 'hlist')
		data.templatestyles = mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{
			name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Hlist/styles.css' }
		}
	elseif listType == 'unbulleted' then
		table.insert(data.classes, 'plainlist')
		data.templatestyles = mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{
			name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Plainlist/styles.css' }
		}
	end
	table.insert(data.classes, args.class)

	-- Main div style
	data.style = args.style

	-- Indent for horizontal lists
	if listType == 'horizontal' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then
		local indent = tonumber(args.indent)
		indent = indent and indent * 1.6 or 0
		if indent &gt; 0 then
			data.marginLeft = indent .. 'em'
		end
	end
	
	-- List style types for ordered lists
	-- This could be &quot;1, 2, 3&quot;, &quot;a, b, c&quot;, or a number of others. The list style
	-- type is either set by the &quot;type&quot; attribute or the &quot;list-style-type&quot; CSS
	-- property.
	if listType == 'ordered' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then 
		data.listStyleType = args.list_style_type or args['list-style-type']
		data.type = args['type']

		-- Detect invalid type attributes and attempt to convert them to
		-- list-style-type CSS properties.
		if data.type 
			and not data.listStyleType
			and not tostring(data.type):find('^%s*[1AaIi]%s*$')
		then
			data.listStyleType = data.type
			data.type = nil
		end
	end
	
	-- List tag type
	if listType == 'ordered' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then
		data.listTag = 'ol'
	else
		data.listTag = 'ul'
	end

	-- Start number for ordered lists
	data.start = args.start
	if listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then
		-- Apply fix to get start numbers working with horizontal ordered lists.
		local startNum = tonumber(data.start)
		if startNum then
			data.counterReset = 'listitem ' .. tostring(startNum - 1)
		end
	end

	-- List style
	 -- ul_style and ol_style are included for backwards compatibility. No
	 -- distinction is made for ordered or unordered lists.
	data.listStyle = args.list_style

	-- List items
	-- li_style is included for backwards compatibility. item_style was included
	-- to be easier to understand for non-coders.
	data.itemStyle = args.item_style or args.li_style
	data.items = {}
	for _, num in ipairs(mTableTools.numKeys(args)) do
		local item = {}
		item.content = args[num]
		item.style = args['item' .. tostring(num) .. '_style']
			or args['item_style' .. tostring(num)]
		item.value = args['item' .. tostring(num) .. '_value']
			or args['item_value' .. tostring(num)]
		table.insert(data.items, item)
	end
	
	return data
end

function p.renderList(data)
	-- Renders the list HTML.
	
	-- Return the blank string if there are no list items.
	if type(data.items) ~= 'table' or #data.items &lt; 1 then
		return ''
	end
	
	-- Render the main div tag.
	local root = mw.html.create('div')
	for _, class in ipairs(data.classes or {}) do
		root:addClass(class)
	end
	root:css{['margin-left'] = data.marginLeft}
	if data.style then
		root:cssText(data.style)
	end

	-- Render the list tag.
	local list = root:tag(data.listTag or 'ul')
	list
		:attr{start = data.start, type = data.type}
		:css{
			['counter-reset'] = data.counterReset,
			['list-style-type'] = data.listStyleType
		}
	if data.listStyle then
		list:cssText(data.listStyle)
	end

	-- Render the list items
	for _, t in ipairs(data.items or {}) do
		local item = list:tag('li')
		if data.itemStyle then
			item:cssText(data.itemStyle)
		end
		if t.style then
			item:cssText(t.style)
		end
		item
			:attr{value = t.value}
			:wikitext(t.content)
	end

	return data.templatestyles .. tostring(root)
end

function p.makeList(listType, args)
	if not listType or not listTypes[listType] then
		error(string.format(
			&quot;bad argument #1 to 'makeList' ('%s' is not a valid list type)&quot;,
			tostring(listType)
		), 2)
	end
	checkType('makeList', 2, args, 'table')
	local data = p.makeListData(listType, args)
	local list = p.renderList(data)
	return list
end

for listType in pairs(listTypes) do
	p[listType] = function (frame)
		local mArguments = require('Module:Arguments')
		local origArgs = mArguments.getArgs(frame, {
			frameOnly = ((frame and frame.args and frame.args.frameonly or '') ~= ''),
			valueFunc = function (key, value)
			if not value or not mw.ustring.find(value, '%S') then return nil end
			if mw.ustring.find(value, '^%s*[%*#;:]') then
				return value
			else
				return value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
			end
			return nil
		end
		})
		-- Copy all the arguments to a new table, for faster indexing.
		local args = {}
		for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do
			args[k] = v
		end
		return p.makeList(listType, args)
	end
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>lyheh2t5yqhjixmg8vlktt3t9sq2ewi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Mono</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>24087</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339242</id>
      <parentid>200050</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-10-13T01:15:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Izno</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>implement ifsubst</comment>
      <origin>339242</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="258" sha1="eyigcpktddtgno85j4vajm121b6hlip" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;ifsubst|1=|2=&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Mono/styles.css&quot; /&gt;}}&lt;span class=&quot;monospaced&quot;&gt;{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>eyigcpktddtgno85j4vajm121b6hlip</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339243</id>
      <parentid>339242</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Mono]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339242</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="258" sha1="eyigcpktddtgno85j4vajm121b6hlip" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;ifsubst|1=|2=&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Mono/styles.css&quot; /&gt;}}&lt;span class=&quot;monospaced&quot;&gt;{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>eyigcpktddtgno85j4vajm121b6hlip</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Shortcut</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>24382</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339318</id>
      <parentid>220072</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-20T14:55:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Nux</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nowrap per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Shortcut#c-FaviFake-20260803192700-ER_nowrap</comment>
      <origin>339318</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="4521" sha1="2ffvf8o7i2lpgr8nnkkd82g24i6nwsv" xml:space="preserve">-- This module implements {{shortcut}}.

-- Set constants
local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Shortcut/config'

-- Load required modules
local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType
local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')

local p = {}

local function message(msg, ...)
	return mw.message.newRawMessage(msg, ...):plain()
end

local function makeCategoryLink(cat)
	return string.format('[[%s:%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, cat)
end

function p._main(shortcuts, options, frame, cfg)
	checkType('_main', 1, shortcuts, 'table')
	checkType('_main', 2, options, 'table', true)
	options = options or {}
	frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame()
	cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(CONFIG_MODULE)
	local templateMode = options.template and yesno(options.template)
	local redirectMode = options.redirect and yesno(options.redirect)
	local isCategorized = not options.category or yesno(options.category) ~= false

	-- Validate shortcuts
	for i, shortcut in ipairs(shortcuts) do
		if type(shortcut) ~= 'string' or #shortcut &lt; 1 then
			error(message(cfg['invalid-shortcut-error'], i), 2)
		end
	end

	-- Make the list items. These are the shortcuts plus any extra lines such
	-- as options.msg.
	local listItems = {}
	for i, shortcut in ipairs(shortcuts) do
		local templatePath, prefix
		if templateMode then
			-- Namespace detection
			local titleObj = mw.title.new(shortcut, 10)
			if titleObj.namespace == 10 then
				templatePath = titleObj.fullText
			else
				templatePath = shortcut
			end
			prefix = options['pre' .. i] or options.pre or ''
		end
		if options.target and yesno(options.target) then
			listItems[i] = templateMode
				and string.format(&quot;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;%s[[%s|%s]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&quot;, prefix, templatePath, shortcut)
				or string.format(&quot;[[%s]]&quot;, shortcut)
		else
			listItems[i] = frame:expandTemplate{
				title = 'No redirect',
				args = templateMode and {templatePath, shortcut} or {shortcut, shortcut}
			}
			if templateMode then
				listItems[i] = string.format(&quot;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;%s%s&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&quot;, prefix, listItems[i])
			end
		end
		-- Wrap each shortcut in a nowrap span
		-- e.g. [[WP:CFORK/I]] in [[Special:PermanentLink/1366587294]]
		listItems[i] = string.format('&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%s&lt;/span&gt;', listItems[i])
	end
	table.insert(listItems, options.msg)

	-- Return an error if we have nothing to display
	if #listItems &lt; 1 then
		local msg = cfg['no-content-error']
		msg = string.format('&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;%s&lt;/strong&gt;', msg)
		if isCategorized and cfg['no-content-error-category'] then
			msg = msg .. makeCategoryLink(cfg['no-content-error-category'])
		end
		return msg
	end

	local root = mw.html.create()
	root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Shortcut/styles.css'} })
	-- Anchors
	local anchorDiv = root
		:tag('div')
			:addClass('module-shortcutanchordiv')
	for i, shortcut in ipairs(shortcuts) do
		local anchor = mw.uri.anchorEncode(shortcut)
		anchorDiv:tag('span'):attr('id', anchor)
	end

	-- Shortcut heading
	local shortcutHeading
	do
		local nShortcuts = #shortcuts
		if nShortcuts &gt; 0 then
			local headingMsg = options['shortcut-heading'] or
				redirectMode and cfg['redirect-heading'] or
				cfg['shortcut-heading']
			shortcutHeading = message(headingMsg, nShortcuts)
			shortcutHeading = frame:preprocess(shortcutHeading)
		end
	end

	-- Shortcut box
	local shortcutList = root
		:tag('div')
			:addClass('module-shortcutboxplain noprint')
			:attr('role', 'note')
	if options.float and options.float:lower() == 'left' then
		shortcutList:addClass('module-shortcutboxleft')
	end
	if options.clear and options.clear ~= '' then
		shortcutList:css('clear', options.clear)
	end
	if shortcutHeading then
		shortcutList
			:tag('div')
				:addClass('module-shortcutlist')
				:wikitext(shortcutHeading)
	end
	
	local ubl = require('Module:List').unbulleted(listItems)
	shortcutList:wikitext(ubl)
	return tostring(root)
end

function p.main(frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame)

	-- Separate shortcuts from options
	local shortcuts, options = {}, {}
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		if type(k) == 'number' then
			shortcuts[k] = v
		else
			options[k] = v
		end
	end

	-- Compress the shortcut array, which may contain nils.
	local function compressArray(t)
		local nums, ret = {}, {}
		for k in pairs(t) do
			nums[#nums + 1] = k
		end
		table.sort(nums)
		for i, num in ipairs(nums) do
			ret[i] = t[num]
		end
		return ret
	end
	shortcuts = compressArray(shortcuts)

	return p._main(shortcuts, options, frame)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>2ffvf8o7i2lpgr8nnkkd82g24i6nwsv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339319</id>
      <parentid>339318</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Shortcut]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339318</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="4521" sha1="2ffvf8o7i2lpgr8nnkkd82g24i6nwsv" xml:space="preserve">-- This module implements {{shortcut}}.

-- Set constants
local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Shortcut/config'

-- Load required modules
local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType
local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')

local p = {}

local function message(msg, ...)
	return mw.message.newRawMessage(msg, ...):plain()
end

local function makeCategoryLink(cat)
	return string.format('[[%s:%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, cat)
end

function p._main(shortcuts, options, frame, cfg)
	checkType('_main', 1, shortcuts, 'table')
	checkType('_main', 2, options, 'table', true)
	options = options or {}
	frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame()
	cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(CONFIG_MODULE)
	local templateMode = options.template and yesno(options.template)
	local redirectMode = options.redirect and yesno(options.redirect)
	local isCategorized = not options.category or yesno(options.category) ~= false

	-- Validate shortcuts
	for i, shortcut in ipairs(shortcuts) do
		if type(shortcut) ~= 'string' or #shortcut &lt; 1 then
			error(message(cfg['invalid-shortcut-error'], i), 2)
		end
	end

	-- Make the list items. These are the shortcuts plus any extra lines such
	-- as options.msg.
	local listItems = {}
	for i, shortcut in ipairs(shortcuts) do
		local templatePath, prefix
		if templateMode then
			-- Namespace detection
			local titleObj = mw.title.new(shortcut, 10)
			if titleObj.namespace == 10 then
				templatePath = titleObj.fullText
			else
				templatePath = shortcut
			end
			prefix = options['pre' .. i] or options.pre or ''
		end
		if options.target and yesno(options.target) then
			listItems[i] = templateMode
				and string.format(&quot;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;%s[[%s|%s]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&quot;, prefix, templatePath, shortcut)
				or string.format(&quot;[[%s]]&quot;, shortcut)
		else
			listItems[i] = frame:expandTemplate{
				title = 'No redirect',
				args = templateMode and {templatePath, shortcut} or {shortcut, shortcut}
			}
			if templateMode then
				listItems[i] = string.format(&quot;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;%s%s&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&quot;, prefix, listItems[i])
			end
		end
		-- Wrap each shortcut in a nowrap span
		-- e.g. [[WP:CFORK/I]] in [[Special:PermanentLink/1366587294]]
		listItems[i] = string.format('&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%s&lt;/span&gt;', listItems[i])
	end
	table.insert(listItems, options.msg)

	-- Return an error if we have nothing to display
	if #listItems &lt; 1 then
		local msg = cfg['no-content-error']
		msg = string.format('&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;%s&lt;/strong&gt;', msg)
		if isCategorized and cfg['no-content-error-category'] then
			msg = msg .. makeCategoryLink(cfg['no-content-error-category'])
		end
		return msg
	end

	local root = mw.html.create()
	root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Shortcut/styles.css'} })
	-- Anchors
	local anchorDiv = root
		:tag('div')
			:addClass('module-shortcutanchordiv')
	for i, shortcut in ipairs(shortcuts) do
		local anchor = mw.uri.anchorEncode(shortcut)
		anchorDiv:tag('span'):attr('id', anchor)
	end

	-- Shortcut heading
	local shortcutHeading
	do
		local nShortcuts = #shortcuts
		if nShortcuts &gt; 0 then
			local headingMsg = options['shortcut-heading'] or
				redirectMode and cfg['redirect-heading'] or
				cfg['shortcut-heading']
			shortcutHeading = message(headingMsg, nShortcuts)
			shortcutHeading = frame:preprocess(shortcutHeading)
		end
	end

	-- Shortcut box
	local shortcutList = root
		:tag('div')
			:addClass('module-shortcutboxplain noprint')
			:attr('role', 'note')
	if options.float and options.float:lower() == 'left' then
		shortcutList:addClass('module-shortcutboxleft')
	end
	if options.clear and options.clear ~= '' then
		shortcutList:css('clear', options.clear)
	end
	if shortcutHeading then
		shortcutList
			:tag('div')
				:addClass('module-shortcutlist')
				:wikitext(shortcutHeading)
	end
	
	local ubl = require('Module:List').unbulleted(listItems)
	shortcutList:wikitext(ubl)
	return tostring(root)
end

function p.main(frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame)

	-- Separate shortcuts from options
	local shortcuts, options = {}, {}
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		if type(k) == 'number' then
			shortcuts[k] = v
		else
			options[k] = v
		end
	end

	-- Compress the shortcut array, which may contain nils.
	local function compressArray(t)
		local nums, ret = {}, {}
		for k in pairs(t) do
			nums[#nums + 1] = k
		end
		table.sort(nums)
		for i, num in ipairs(nums) do
			ret[i] = t[num]
		end
		return ret
	end
	shortcuts = compressArray(shortcuts)

	return p._main(shortcuts, options, frame)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>2ffvf8o7i2lpgr8nnkkd82g24i6nwsv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Shortcut/config</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>24383</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339320</id>
      <parentid>220073</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-02-16T18:43:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Nardog</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>339320</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1240" sha1="t6jiszehpcz1mpvmzl8esji0vdvjr4p" xml:space="preserve">-- This module holds configuration data for [[Module:Shortcut]].

return {

-- The heading at the top of the shortcut box. It accepts the following parameter:
-- $1 - the total number of shortcuts. (required)
['shortcut-heading'] = '[[Wikipedia:Shortcut|{{PLURAL:$1|Shortcut|Shortcuts}}]]',

-- The heading when |redirect=yes is given. It accepts the following parameter:
-- $1 - the total number of shortcuts. (required)
['redirect-heading'] = '[[Wikipedia:Redirect|{{PLURAL:$1|Redirect|Redirects}}]]',

-- The error message to display when a shortcut is invalid (is not a string, or
-- is the blank string). It accepts the following parameter:
-- $1 - the number of the shortcut in the argument list. (required)
['invalid-shortcut-error'] = 'shortcut #$1 was invalid (shortcuts must be ' ..
	'strings of at least one character in length)',

-- The error message to display when no shortcuts or other displayable content
-- were specified. (required)
['no-content-error'] = 'Error: no shortcuts were specified and the ' ..
	mw.text.nowiki('|msg=') ..
	' parameter was not set.',

-- A category to add when the no-content-error message is displayed. (optional)
['no-content-error-category'] = 'Shortcut templates with missing parameters',
}</text>
      <sha1>t6jiszehpcz1mpvmzl8esji0vdvjr4p</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339321</id>
      <parentid>339320</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Shortcut/config]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339320</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1240" sha1="t6jiszehpcz1mpvmzl8esji0vdvjr4p" xml:space="preserve">-- This module holds configuration data for [[Module:Shortcut]].

return {

-- The heading at the top of the shortcut box. It accepts the following parameter:
-- $1 - the total number of shortcuts. (required)
['shortcut-heading'] = '[[Wikipedia:Shortcut|{{PLURAL:$1|Shortcut|Shortcuts}}]]',

-- The heading when |redirect=yes is given. It accepts the following parameter:
-- $1 - the total number of shortcuts. (required)
['redirect-heading'] = '[[Wikipedia:Redirect|{{PLURAL:$1|Redirect|Redirects}}]]',

-- The error message to display when a shortcut is invalid (is not a string, or
-- is the blank string). It accepts the following parameter:
-- $1 - the number of the shortcut in the argument list. (required)
['invalid-shortcut-error'] = 'shortcut #$1 was invalid (shortcuts must be ' ..
	'strings of at least one character in length)',

-- The error message to display when no shortcuts or other displayable content
-- were specified. (required)
['no-content-error'] = 'Error: no shortcuts were specified and the ' ..
	mw.text.nowiki('|msg=') ..
	' parameter was not set.',

-- A category to add when the no-content-error message is displayed. (optional)
['no-content-error-category'] = 'Shortcut templates with missing parameters',
}</text>
      <sha1>t6jiszehpcz1mpvmzl8esji0vdvjr4p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Documentation</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>24392</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339282</id>
      <parentid>331838</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T22:38:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Stjn</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>as a hotfix for [[phab:T268900]] issue, feel free to replace with some solution restoring separate [] at a later point if needed</comment>
      <origin>339282</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="35065" sha1="bo74oekmmsj1xtpw7dlzkvkhc0k05g6" xml:space="preserve">-- This module implements {{documentation}}.

-- Get required modules.
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs

-- Get the config table.
local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config')

local p = {}

-- Often-used functions.
local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local format = mw.ustring.format

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
--
-- These are defined as local functions, but are made available in the p
-- table for testing purposes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType)
	--[[
	-- Gets a message from the cfg table and formats it if appropriate.
	-- The function raises an error if the value from the cfg table is not
	-- of the type expectType. The default type for expectType is 'string'.
	-- If the table valArray is present, strings such as $1, $2 etc. in the
	-- message are substituted with values from the table keys [1], [2] etc.
	-- For example, if the message &quot;foo-message&quot; had the value 'Foo $2 bar $1.',
	-- message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) would return &quot;Foo qux bar baz.&quot;
	--]]
	local msg = cfg[cfgKey]
	expectType = expectType or 'string'
	if type(msg) ~= expectType then
		error('message: type error in message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' (' .. expectType .. ' expected, got ' .. type(msg) .. ')', 2)
	end
	if not valArray then
		return msg
	end

	local function getMessageVal(match)
		match = tonumber(match)
		return valArray[match] or error('message: no value found for key $' .. match .. ' in message cfg.' .. cfgKey, 4)
	end

	return ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal)
end

p.message = message

local function makeWikilink(page, display)
	if display then
		return format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display)
	else
		return format('[[%s]]', page)
	end
end

p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink

local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort)
	local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name
	return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort)
end

p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink

local function makeUrlLink(url, display)
	return format('[%s %s]', url, display)
end

p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink

local function makeToolbar(...)
	local ret = {}
	local lim = select('#', ...)
	if lim &lt; 1 then
		return nil
	end
	for i = 1, lim do
		ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...)
	end
	-- 'documentation-toolbar'
	return format(
		'&lt;span class=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;(%s)&lt;/span&gt;',
		message('toolbar-class'),
		table.concat(ret, ' &amp;#124; ')
	)
end	

p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Argument processing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName)
	return function (frame)
		local args = getArgs(frame, {
			valueFunc = function (key, value)
				if type(value) == 'string' then
					value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- Remove whitespace.
					if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then
						return value
					else
						return nil
					end
				else
					return value
				end
			end
		})
		return p[funcName](args)
	end
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Entry points
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.nonexistent(frame)
	if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText == 'testcases' then
		return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'module test cases notice'}
	else
		return p.main(frame)
	end
end

p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main')

function p._main(args)
	--[[
	-- This function defines logic flow for the module.
	-- @args - table of arguments passed by the user
	--]]
	local env = p.getEnvironment(args)
	local root = mw.html.create()
	root
		:wikitext(p._getModuleWikitext(args, env))
		:wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env))
		:wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env))
		:tag('div')
			-- 'documentation-container'
			:addClass(message('container'))
			:attr('role', 'complementary')
			:attr('aria-labelledby', args.heading ~= '' and 'documentation-heading' or nil)
			:attr('aria-label', args.heading == '' and 'Documentation' or nil)
			:newline()
			:tag('div')
				-- 'documentation'
				:addClass(message('main-div-classes'))
				:newline()
				:wikitext(p._startBox(args, env))
				:wikitext(p._content(args, env))
				:tag('div')
					-- 'documentation-clear'
					:addClass(message('clear'))
					:done()
				:newline()
				:done()
			:wikitext(p._endBox(args, env))
			:done()
		:wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env))
	-- 'Module:Documentation/styles.css'
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag (
		'templatestyles', '', {src=cfg['templatestyles']
	}) .. tostring(root)
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Environment settings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.getEnvironment(args)
	--[[
	-- Returns a table with information about the environment, including title
	-- objects and other namespace- or path-related data.
	-- @args - table of arguments passed by the user
	--
	-- Title objects include:
	-- env.title - the page we are making documentation for (usually the current title)
	-- env.templateTitle - the template (or module, file, etc.)
	-- env.docTitle - the /doc subpage.
	-- env.sandboxTitle - the /sandbox subpage.
	-- env.testcasesTitle - the /testcases subpage.
	--
	-- Data includes:
	-- env.protectionLevels - the protection levels table of the title object.
	-- env.subjectSpace - the number of the title's subject namespace.
	-- env.docSpace - the number of the namespace the title puts its documentation in.
	-- env.docpageBase - the text of the base page of the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages, with namespace.
	-- env.compareUrl - URL of the Special:ComparePages page comparing the sandbox with the template.
	-- 
	-- All table lookups are passed through pcall so that errors are caught. If an error occurs, the value
	-- returned will be nil.
	--]]
	
	local env, envFuncs = {}, {}

	-- Set up the metatable. If triggered we call the corresponding function in the envFuncs table. The value
	-- returned by that function is memoized in the env table so that we don't call any of the functions
	-- more than once. (Nils won't be memoized.)
	setmetatable(env, {
		__index = function (t, key)
			local envFunc = envFuncs[key]
			if envFunc then
				local success, val = pcall(envFunc)
				if success then
					env[key] = val -- Memoise the value.
					return val
				end
			end
			return nil
		end
	})	

	function envFuncs.title()
		-- The title object for the current page, or a test page passed with args.page.
		local title
		local titleArg = args.page
		if titleArg then
			title = mw.title.new(titleArg)
		else
			title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
		end
		return title
	end

	function envFuncs.templateTitle()
		--[[
		-- The template (or module, etc.) title object.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'sandbox-subpage' --&gt; 'sandbox'
		-- 'testcases-subpage' --&gt; 'testcases'
		--]]
		local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
		local title = env.title
		local subpage = title.subpageText
		if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') or (subpage == message('doc-subpage') and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == env.docSpace) then
			return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText)
		else
			return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text)
		end
	end

	function envFuncs.docTitle()
		--[[
		-- Title object of the /doc subpage.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'doc-subpage' --&gt; 'doc'
		--]]
		local title = env.title
		local docname = args[1] -- User-specified doc page.
		local docpage
		if docname then
			docpage = docname
		else
			docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage')
		end
		return mw.title.new(docpage)
	end
	
	function envFuncs.sandboxTitle()
		--[[
		-- Title object for the /sandbox subpage.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'sandbox-subpage' --&gt; 'sandbox'
		--]]
		return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage'))
	end
	
	function envFuncs.testcasesTitle()
		--[[
		-- Title object for the /testcases subpage.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'testcases-subpage' --&gt; 'testcases'
		--]]
		return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage'))
	end

	function envFuncs.protectionLevels()
		-- The protection levels table of the title object.
		return env.title.protectionLevels
	end

	function envFuncs.subjectSpace()
		-- The subject namespace number.
		return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id
	end

	function envFuncs.docSpace()
		-- The documentation namespace number. For most namespaces this is the
		-- same as the subject namespace. However, pages in the Article, File,
		-- MediaWiki or Category namespaces must have their /doc, /sandbox and
		-- /testcases pages in talk space.
		local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
		if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then
			return subjectSpace + 1
		else
			return subjectSpace
		end
	end

	function envFuncs.docpageBase()
		-- The base page of the /doc, /sandbox, and /testcases subpages.
		-- For some namespaces this is the talk page, rather than the template page.
		local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
		local docSpace = env.docSpace
		local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name
		-- Assemble the link. docSpace is never the main namespace, so we can hardcode the colon.
		return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text
	end
	
	function envFuncs.compareUrl()
		-- Diff link between the sandbox and the main template using [[Special:ComparePages]].
		local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
		local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle
		if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then
			local compareUrl = mw.uri.canonicalUrl(
				'Special:ComparePages',
				{ page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText}
			)
			return tostring(compareUrl)
		else
			return nil
		end
	end		

	return env
end	

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Auxiliary templates
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.getModuleWikitext = makeInvokeFunc('_getModuleWikitext')

function p._getModuleWikitext(args, env)
	local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	if currentTitle.contentModel ~= 'Scribunto' then return end
	pcall(require, currentTitle.prefixedText) -- if it fails, we don't care
	local moduleWikitext =  package.loaded[&quot;Module:Module wikitext&quot;]
	if moduleWikitext then
		return moduleWikitext.main()
	end
end

function p.sandboxNotice(args, env)
	--[=[
	-- Generates a sandbox notice for display above sandbox pages.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'sandbox-notice-image' --&gt; '[[File:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-blurb' --&gt; 'This is the $1 for $2.'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-diff-blurb' --&gt; 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-template' --&gt; '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-module' --&gt; '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-other' --&gt; 'sandbox page'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-compare-link-display' --&gt; 'diff'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb' --&gt; 'See also the companion subpage for $1.'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display' --&gt; 'test cases'
	-- 'sandbox-category' --&gt; 'Template sandboxes'
	-- 'module-sandbox-category' --&gt; 'Module sandboxes'
	-- 'other-sandbox-category' --&gt; 'Sandboxes outside of template or module namespace'
	--]=]
	local title = env.title
	local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle
	local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle
		and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then
		return nil
	end
	-- Build the table of arguments to pass to {{ombox}}. We need just two fields, &quot;image&quot; and &quot;text&quot;.
	local omargs = {}
	omargs.image = message('sandbox-notice-image')
	-- Get the text. We start with the opening blurb, which is something like
	-- &quot;This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff).&quot;
	local text = '__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__'
	local pagetype, sandboxCat
	if subjectSpace == 10 then
		pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-template')
		sandboxCat = message('sandbox-category')
	elseif subjectSpace == 828 then
		pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-module')
		sandboxCat = message('module-sandbox-category')
	else
		pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-other')
		sandboxCat = message('other-sandbox-category')
	end
	local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText)
	local compareUrl = env.compareUrl
	if compareUrl then
		local compareDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-compare-link-display')
		local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay)
		text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-diff-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink})
	else
		text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink})
	end
	-- Get the test cases page blurb if the page exists. This is something like
	-- &quot;See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]].&quot;
	local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle
	if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then
		if testcasesTitle.contentModel == &quot;Scribunto&quot; then
			local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display')
			local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display')
			local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay)
			local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay)
			text = text .. '&lt;br /&gt;' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb', {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink})
		else
			local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display')
			local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay)
			text = text .. '&lt;br /&gt;' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb', {testcasesLink})
		end
	end
	
	-- Add the sandbox to the sandbox category.
	omargs.text = text .. makeCategoryLink(sandboxCat)

	-- 'documentation-clear'
	return '&lt;div class=&quot;' .. message('clear') .. '&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;'
		.. require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', omargs)
end

function p.protectionTemplate(env)
	-- Generates the padlock icon in the top right.
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- Messages:
	-- 'protection-template' --&gt; 'pp-template'
	-- 'protection-template-args' --&gt; {docusage = 'yes'}
	local protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels
	if not protectionLevels then
		return nil
	end
	local editProt = protectionLevels.edit and protectionLevels.edit[1]
	local moveProt = protectionLevels.move and protectionLevels.move[1]
	if editProt then
		-- The page is edit-protected.
		return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{
			message('protection-reason-edit'), small = true
		}
	elseif moveProt and moveProt ~= 'autoconfirmed' then
		-- The page is move-protected but not edit-protected. Exclude move
		-- protection with the level &quot;autoconfirmed&quot;, as this is equivalent to
		-- no move protection at all.
		return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{
			action = 'move', small = true
		}
	else
		return nil
	end
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Start box
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox')

function p._startBox(args, env)
	--[[
	-- This function generates the start box.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- The actual work is done by p.makeStartBoxLinksData and p.renderStartBoxLinks which make
	-- the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links, and by p.makeStartBoxData and p.renderStartBox
	-- which generate the box HTML.
	--]]
	env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
	local links
	local content = args.content
	if not content or args[1] then
		-- No need to include the links if the documentation is on the template page itself.
		local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env)
		if linksData then
			links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData)
		end
	end
	-- Generate the start box html.
	local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links)
	if data then
		return p.renderStartBox(data)
	else
		-- User specified no heading.
		return nil
	end
end

function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env)
	--[[
	-- Does initial processing of data to make the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'view-link-display' --&gt; 'view'
	-- 'edit-link-display' --&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'history-link-display' --&gt; 'history'
	-- 'purge-link-display' --&gt; 'purge'
	-- 'module-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc'
	-- 'docpage-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload'
	-- 'create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	--]]
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	local title = env.title
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not title or not docTitle then
		return nil
	end
	if docTitle.isRedirect then 
		docTitle = docTitle.redirectTarget
	end

	-- Create link if /doc doesn't exist.
	local preload = args.preload
	if not preload then
		if subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace
			preload = message('module-preload')
		else
			preload = message('docpage-preload')
		end
	end
	
	return {
		title = title,
		docTitle = docTitle,
		-- View, display, edit, and purge links if /doc exists.
		viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display'),
		editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display'),
		historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display'),
		purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display'),
		preload = preload,
		createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display')
	}
end

function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data)
	--[[
	-- Generates the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create][purge] links from the data table.
	-- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxLinksData
	--]]
	local docTitle = data.docTitle
	-- yes, we do intend to purge the template page on which the documentation appears
	local purgeLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:Purge/&quot; .. data.title.prefixedText, data.purgeLinkDisplay)
	
	if docTitle.exists then
		local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay)
		local editLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:EditPage/&quot; .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.editLinkDisplay)
		local historyLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:PageHistory/&quot; .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.historyLinkDisplay)
		return viewLink .. editLink .. historyLink .. purgeLink
	else
		local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay)
		return createLink .. purgeLink
	end
	return ret
end

function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links)
	--[=[
	-- Does initial processing of data to pass to the start-box render function, p.renderStartBox.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- @links - a string containing the [view][edit][history][purge] links - could be nil if there's an error.
	--
	-- Messages:
	-- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --&gt; '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]'
	-- 'template-namespace-heading' --&gt; 'Template documentation'
	-- 'module-namespace-heading' --&gt; 'Module documentation'
	-- 'file-namespace-heading' --&gt; 'Summary'
	-- 'other-namespaces-heading' --&gt; 'Documentation'
	-- 'testcases-create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	--]=]
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	if not subjectSpace then
		-- Default to an &quot;other namespaces&quot; namespace, so that we get at least some output
		-- if an error occurs.
		subjectSpace = 2
	end
	local data = {}
	
	-- Heading
	local heading = args.heading -- Blank values are not removed.
	if heading == '' then
		-- Don't display the start box if the heading arg is defined but blank.
		return nil
	end
	if heading then
		data.heading = heading
	elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace
		data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading')
	elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace
		data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading')
	elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace
		data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading')
	else
		data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading')
	end
	
	-- Heading CSS
	local headingStyle = args['heading-style']
	if headingStyle then
		data.headingStyleText = headingStyle
	else
		-- 'documentation-heading'
		data.headingClass = message('main-div-heading-class')
	end
	
	-- Data for the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links.
	if links then
		-- 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks'
		data.linksClass = message('start-box-link-classes')
		data.links = links
	end
	
	return data
end

function p.renderStartBox(data)
	-- Renders the start box html.
	-- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxData.
	local sbox = mw.html.create('div')
	sbox
		-- 'documentation-startbox'
		:addClass(message('start-box-class'))
		:newline()
		:tag('span')
			:addClass(data.headingClass)
			:attr('id', 'documentation-heading')
			:cssText(data.headingStyleText)
			:wikitext(data.heading)
	local links = data.links
	if links then
		sbox:tag('span')
			:addClass(data.linksClass)
			:attr('id', data.linksId)
			:wikitext(links)
	end
	return tostring(sbox)
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Documentation content
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content')

function p._content(args, env)
	-- Displays the documentation contents
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	local content = args.content
	if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then
		content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText}
	end
	-- The line breaks below are necessary so that &quot;=== Headings ===&quot; at the start and end
	-- of docs are interpreted correctly.
	return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n' 
end

p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle')

function p._contentTitle(args, env)
	env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then
		return docTitle.prefixedText
	else
		return ''
	end
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- End box
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox')

function p._endBox(args, env)
	--[=[
	-- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box).
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	--]=]
	
	-- Get environment data.
	env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then
		return nil
	end
		
	-- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end
	-- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the
	-- user, module or template namespaces.
	local linkBox = args['link box']
	if linkBox == 'off'
		or not (
			docTitle.exists
			or subjectSpace == 2
			or subjectSpace == 828
			or subjectSpace == 10
		)
	then
		return nil
	end

	-- Assemble the link box.
	local text = ''
	if linkBox then
		text = text .. linkBox
	else
		text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- &quot;This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]].&quot; 
		if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then
			-- We are in the user, template or module namespaces.
			-- Add sandbox and testcases links.
			-- &quot;Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages.&quot;
			text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or '') .. '&lt;br /&gt;'
			if not args.content and not args[1] then
				-- &quot;Please add categories to the /doc subpage.&quot;
				-- Don't show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page,
				-- as then it is unclear where to add the categories.
				text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '')
			end
			text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --&quot;Subpages of this template&quot;
		end
	end
	
	local box = mw.html.create('div')
	-- 'documentation-metadata'
	box:attr('role', 'note')
		:addClass(message('end-box-class'))
		-- 'plainlinks'
		:addClass(message('end-box-plainlinks'))
		:wikitext(text)
		:done()

	return '\n' .. tostring(box)
end

function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env)
	--[=[
	-- Makes the blurb &quot;This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)&quot;.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'edit-link-display' --&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'history-link-display' --&gt; 'history'
	-- 'transcluded-from-blurb' --&gt; 
	-- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] 
	-- is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.'
	-- 'module-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc'
	-- 'create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	-- 'create-module-doc-blurb' --&gt;
	-- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].'
	--]=]
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not docTitle then
		return nil
	end
	if docTitle.exists then
		-- /doc exists; link to it.
		local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText)
		local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display')
		local editLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:EditPage/&quot; .. docTitle.prefixedText, editDisplay)
		local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display')
		local historyLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:PageHistory/&quot; .. docTitle.prefixedText, historyDisplay)
		return message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink})
			.. ' '
			.. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink)
			.. '&lt;br /&gt;'
	elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then
		-- /doc does not exist; ask to create it.
		local createUrl = docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')}
		local createDisplay = message('create-link-display')
		local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay)
		return message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink})
			.. '&lt;br /&gt;'
	end
end

function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env)
	--[[
	-- Renders the text &quot;Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages.&quot;
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'sandbox-link-display' --&gt; 'sandbox'
	-- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'compare-link-display' --&gt; 'diff'
	-- 'module-sandbox-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox'
	-- 'template-sandbox-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox'
	-- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	-- 'mirror-edit-summary' --&gt; 'Create sandbox version of $1'
	-- 'mirror-link-display' --&gt; 'mirror'
	-- 'mirror-link-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/mirror'
	-- 'sandbox-link-display' --&gt; 'sandbox'
	-- 'testcases-link-display' --&gt; 'testcases'
	-- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'template-sandbox-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox'
	-- 'testcases-create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	-- 'testcases-link-display' --&gt; 'testcases'
	-- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'module-testcases-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases'
	-- 'template-testcases-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases'
	-- 'experiment-blurb-module' --&gt; 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.'
	-- 'experiment-blurb-template' --&gt; 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.'
	--]]
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
	local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle
	local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle
	local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText
	if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then
		return nil
	end
	-- Make links.
	local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks
	if sandboxTitle.exists then
		local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText
		local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display')
		local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay)
		local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display')
		local sandboxEditLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:EditPage/&quot; .. sandboxPage, sandboxEditDisplay)
		local compareUrl = env.compareUrl
		local compareLink
		if compareUrl then
			local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display')
			compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay)
		end
		sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink)
	else
		local sandboxPreload
		if subjectSpace == 828 then
			sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload')
		else
			sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload')
		end
		local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload}
		local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display')
		local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay)
		local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)})
		local mirrorPreload = message('mirror-link-preload')
		local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary}
		if subjectSpace == 828 then
			mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary}
		end
		local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display')
		local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay)
		sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink)
	end
	if testcasesTitle.exists then
		local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText
		local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display')
		local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay)
		local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit'}
		local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display')
		local testcasesEditLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:EditPage/&quot; .. testcasesPage, testcasesEditDisplay)
		-- for Modules, add testcases run link if exists
		if testcasesTitle.contentModel == &quot;Scribunto&quot;  and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then
			local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('testcases-run-link-display')
			local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay)
			testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink)
		else
			testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink)
		end
	else
		local testcasesPreload
		if subjectSpace == 828 then
			testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload')
		else
			testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload')
		end
		local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload}
		local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display')
		local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay)
		testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink)
	end
	local messageName
	if subjectSpace == 828 then
		messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module'
	else
		messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template'
	end
	return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks})
end

function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env)
	--[[
	-- Generates the text &quot;Please add categories to the /doc subpage.&quot;
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- Messages:
	-- 'doc-link-display' --&gt; '/doc'
	-- 'add-categories-blurb' --&gt; 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.'
	--]]
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not docTitle then
		return nil
	end
	local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display'))
	return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink})
end

function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env)
	--[[
	-- Generates the &quot;Subpages of this template&quot; link.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	
	-- Messages:
	-- 'template-pagetype' --&gt; 'template'
	-- 'module-pagetype' --&gt; 'module'
	-- 'default-pagetype' --&gt; 'page'
	-- 'subpages-link-display' --&gt; 'Subpages of this $1'
	--]]
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
	if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then
		return nil
	end
	local pagetype
	if subjectSpace == 10 then
		pagetype = message('template-pagetype')
	elseif subjectSpace == 828 then
		pagetype = message('module-pagetype')
	else
		pagetype = message('default-pagetype')
	end
	local subpagesLink = makeWikilink(
		'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/',
		message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype})
	)
	return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink})
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tracking categories
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.addTrackingCategories(env)
	--[[
	-- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page.
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	
	-- Messages:
	-- 'display-strange-usage-category' --&gt; true
	-- 'doc-subpage' --&gt; 'doc'
	-- 'testcases-subpage' --&gt; 'testcases'
	-- 'strange-usage-category' --&gt; 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage'
	-- 
	-- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have
	-- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically.
	--]]
	local title = env.title
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	if not title or not subjectSpace then
		return nil
	end
	local subpage = title.subpageText
	if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean')
		and (
			subpage == message('doc-subpage')
			or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage')
		)
	then
		return makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category'))
	end
	return ''
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>bo74oekmmsj1xtpw7dlzkvkhc0k05g6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339283</id>
      <parentid>339282</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Documentation]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339282</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="35065" sha1="bo74oekmmsj1xtpw7dlzkvkhc0k05g6" xml:space="preserve">-- This module implements {{documentation}}.

-- Get required modules.
local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs

-- Get the config table.
local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config')

local p = {}

-- Often-used functions.
local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local format = mw.ustring.format

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
--
-- These are defined as local functions, but are made available in the p
-- table for testing purposes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType)
	--[[
	-- Gets a message from the cfg table and formats it if appropriate.
	-- The function raises an error if the value from the cfg table is not
	-- of the type expectType. The default type for expectType is 'string'.
	-- If the table valArray is present, strings such as $1, $2 etc. in the
	-- message are substituted with values from the table keys [1], [2] etc.
	-- For example, if the message &quot;foo-message&quot; had the value 'Foo $2 bar $1.',
	-- message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) would return &quot;Foo qux bar baz.&quot;
	--]]
	local msg = cfg[cfgKey]
	expectType = expectType or 'string'
	if type(msg) ~= expectType then
		error('message: type error in message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' (' .. expectType .. ' expected, got ' .. type(msg) .. ')', 2)
	end
	if not valArray then
		return msg
	end

	local function getMessageVal(match)
		match = tonumber(match)
		return valArray[match] or error('message: no value found for key $' .. match .. ' in message cfg.' .. cfgKey, 4)
	end

	return ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal)
end

p.message = message

local function makeWikilink(page, display)
	if display then
		return format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display)
	else
		return format('[[%s]]', page)
	end
end

p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink

local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort)
	local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name
	return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort)
end

p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink

local function makeUrlLink(url, display)
	return format('[%s %s]', url, display)
end

p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink

local function makeToolbar(...)
	local ret = {}
	local lim = select('#', ...)
	if lim &lt; 1 then
		return nil
	end
	for i = 1, lim do
		ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...)
	end
	-- 'documentation-toolbar'
	return format(
		'&lt;span class=&quot;%s&quot;&gt;(%s)&lt;/span&gt;',
		message('toolbar-class'),
		table.concat(ret, ' &amp;#124; ')
	)
end	

p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Argument processing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName)
	return function (frame)
		local args = getArgs(frame, {
			valueFunc = function (key, value)
				if type(value) == 'string' then
					value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- Remove whitespace.
					if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then
						return value
					else
						return nil
					end
				else
					return value
				end
			end
		})
		return p[funcName](args)
	end
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Entry points
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.nonexistent(frame)
	if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText == 'testcases' then
		return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'module test cases notice'}
	else
		return p.main(frame)
	end
end

p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main')

function p._main(args)
	--[[
	-- This function defines logic flow for the module.
	-- @args - table of arguments passed by the user
	--]]
	local env = p.getEnvironment(args)
	local root = mw.html.create()
	root
		:wikitext(p._getModuleWikitext(args, env))
		:wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env))
		:wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env))
		:tag('div')
			-- 'documentation-container'
			:addClass(message('container'))
			:attr('role', 'complementary')
			:attr('aria-labelledby', args.heading ~= '' and 'documentation-heading' or nil)
			:attr('aria-label', args.heading == '' and 'Documentation' or nil)
			:newline()
			:tag('div')
				-- 'documentation'
				:addClass(message('main-div-classes'))
				:newline()
				:wikitext(p._startBox(args, env))
				:wikitext(p._content(args, env))
				:tag('div')
					-- 'documentation-clear'
					:addClass(message('clear'))
					:done()
				:newline()
				:done()
			:wikitext(p._endBox(args, env))
			:done()
		:wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env))
	-- 'Module:Documentation/styles.css'
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag (
		'templatestyles', '', {src=cfg['templatestyles']
	}) .. tostring(root)
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Environment settings
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.getEnvironment(args)
	--[[
	-- Returns a table with information about the environment, including title
	-- objects and other namespace- or path-related data.
	-- @args - table of arguments passed by the user
	--
	-- Title objects include:
	-- env.title - the page we are making documentation for (usually the current title)
	-- env.templateTitle - the template (or module, file, etc.)
	-- env.docTitle - the /doc subpage.
	-- env.sandboxTitle - the /sandbox subpage.
	-- env.testcasesTitle - the /testcases subpage.
	--
	-- Data includes:
	-- env.protectionLevels - the protection levels table of the title object.
	-- env.subjectSpace - the number of the title's subject namespace.
	-- env.docSpace - the number of the namespace the title puts its documentation in.
	-- env.docpageBase - the text of the base page of the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages, with namespace.
	-- env.compareUrl - URL of the Special:ComparePages page comparing the sandbox with the template.
	-- 
	-- All table lookups are passed through pcall so that errors are caught. If an error occurs, the value
	-- returned will be nil.
	--]]
	
	local env, envFuncs = {}, {}

	-- Set up the metatable. If triggered we call the corresponding function in the envFuncs table. The value
	-- returned by that function is memoized in the env table so that we don't call any of the functions
	-- more than once. (Nils won't be memoized.)
	setmetatable(env, {
		__index = function (t, key)
			local envFunc = envFuncs[key]
			if envFunc then
				local success, val = pcall(envFunc)
				if success then
					env[key] = val -- Memoise the value.
					return val
				end
			end
			return nil
		end
	})	

	function envFuncs.title()
		-- The title object for the current page, or a test page passed with args.page.
		local title
		local titleArg = args.page
		if titleArg then
			title = mw.title.new(titleArg)
		else
			title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
		end
		return title
	end

	function envFuncs.templateTitle()
		--[[
		-- The template (or module, etc.) title object.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'sandbox-subpage' --&gt; 'sandbox'
		-- 'testcases-subpage' --&gt; 'testcases'
		--]]
		local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
		local title = env.title
		local subpage = title.subpageText
		if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') or (subpage == message('doc-subpage') and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == env.docSpace) then
			return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText)
		else
			return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text)
		end
	end

	function envFuncs.docTitle()
		--[[
		-- Title object of the /doc subpage.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'doc-subpage' --&gt; 'doc'
		--]]
		local title = env.title
		local docname = args[1] -- User-specified doc page.
		local docpage
		if docname then
			docpage = docname
		else
			docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage')
		end
		return mw.title.new(docpage)
	end
	
	function envFuncs.sandboxTitle()
		--[[
		-- Title object for the /sandbox subpage.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'sandbox-subpage' --&gt; 'sandbox'
		--]]
		return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage'))
	end
	
	function envFuncs.testcasesTitle()
		--[[
		-- Title object for the /testcases subpage.
		-- Messages:
		-- 'testcases-subpage' --&gt; 'testcases'
		--]]
		return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage'))
	end

	function envFuncs.protectionLevels()
		-- The protection levels table of the title object.
		return env.title.protectionLevels
	end

	function envFuncs.subjectSpace()
		-- The subject namespace number.
		return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id
	end

	function envFuncs.docSpace()
		-- The documentation namespace number. For most namespaces this is the
		-- same as the subject namespace. However, pages in the Article, File,
		-- MediaWiki or Category namespaces must have their /doc, /sandbox and
		-- /testcases pages in talk space.
		local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
		if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then
			return subjectSpace + 1
		else
			return subjectSpace
		end
	end

	function envFuncs.docpageBase()
		-- The base page of the /doc, /sandbox, and /testcases subpages.
		-- For some namespaces this is the talk page, rather than the template page.
		local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
		local docSpace = env.docSpace
		local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name
		-- Assemble the link. docSpace is never the main namespace, so we can hardcode the colon.
		return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text
	end
	
	function envFuncs.compareUrl()
		-- Diff link between the sandbox and the main template using [[Special:ComparePages]].
		local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
		local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle
		if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then
			local compareUrl = mw.uri.canonicalUrl(
				'Special:ComparePages',
				{ page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText}
			)
			return tostring(compareUrl)
		else
			return nil
		end
	end		

	return env
end	

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Auxiliary templates
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.getModuleWikitext = makeInvokeFunc('_getModuleWikitext')

function p._getModuleWikitext(args, env)
	local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	if currentTitle.contentModel ~= 'Scribunto' then return end
	pcall(require, currentTitle.prefixedText) -- if it fails, we don't care
	local moduleWikitext =  package.loaded[&quot;Module:Module wikitext&quot;]
	if moduleWikitext then
		return moduleWikitext.main()
	end
end

function p.sandboxNotice(args, env)
	--[=[
	-- Generates a sandbox notice for display above sandbox pages.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'sandbox-notice-image' --&gt; '[[File:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-blurb' --&gt; 'This is the $1 for $2.'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-diff-blurb' --&gt; 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-template' --&gt; '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-module' --&gt; '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-other' --&gt; 'sandbox page'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-compare-link-display' --&gt; 'diff'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb' --&gt; 'See also the companion subpage for $1.'
	-- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display' --&gt; 'test cases'
	-- 'sandbox-category' --&gt; 'Template sandboxes'
	-- 'module-sandbox-category' --&gt; 'Module sandboxes'
	-- 'other-sandbox-category' --&gt; 'Sandboxes outside of template or module namespace'
	--]=]
	local title = env.title
	local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle
	local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle
		and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then
		return nil
	end
	-- Build the table of arguments to pass to {{ombox}}. We need just two fields, &quot;image&quot; and &quot;text&quot;.
	local omargs = {}
	omargs.image = message('sandbox-notice-image')
	-- Get the text. We start with the opening blurb, which is something like
	-- &quot;This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff).&quot;
	local text = '__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__'
	local pagetype, sandboxCat
	if subjectSpace == 10 then
		pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-template')
		sandboxCat = message('sandbox-category')
	elseif subjectSpace == 828 then
		pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-module')
		sandboxCat = message('module-sandbox-category')
	else
		pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-other')
		sandboxCat = message('other-sandbox-category')
	end
	local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText)
	local compareUrl = env.compareUrl
	if compareUrl then
		local compareDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-compare-link-display')
		local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay)
		text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-diff-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink})
	else
		text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink})
	end
	-- Get the test cases page blurb if the page exists. This is something like
	-- &quot;See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]].&quot;
	local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle
	if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then
		if testcasesTitle.contentModel == &quot;Scribunto&quot; then
			local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display')
			local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display')
			local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay)
			local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay)
			text = text .. '&lt;br /&gt;' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb', {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink})
		else
			local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display')
			local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay)
			text = text .. '&lt;br /&gt;' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb', {testcasesLink})
		end
	end
	
	-- Add the sandbox to the sandbox category.
	omargs.text = text .. makeCategoryLink(sandboxCat)

	-- 'documentation-clear'
	return '&lt;div class=&quot;' .. message('clear') .. '&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;'
		.. require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', omargs)
end

function p.protectionTemplate(env)
	-- Generates the padlock icon in the top right.
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- Messages:
	-- 'protection-template' --&gt; 'pp-template'
	-- 'protection-template-args' --&gt; {docusage = 'yes'}
	local protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels
	if not protectionLevels then
		return nil
	end
	local editProt = protectionLevels.edit and protectionLevels.edit[1]
	local moveProt = protectionLevels.move and protectionLevels.move[1]
	if editProt then
		-- The page is edit-protected.
		return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{
			message('protection-reason-edit'), small = true
		}
	elseif moveProt and moveProt ~= 'autoconfirmed' then
		-- The page is move-protected but not edit-protected. Exclude move
		-- protection with the level &quot;autoconfirmed&quot;, as this is equivalent to
		-- no move protection at all.
		return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{
			action = 'move', small = true
		}
	else
		return nil
	end
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Start box
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox')

function p._startBox(args, env)
	--[[
	-- This function generates the start box.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- The actual work is done by p.makeStartBoxLinksData and p.renderStartBoxLinks which make
	-- the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links, and by p.makeStartBoxData and p.renderStartBox
	-- which generate the box HTML.
	--]]
	env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
	local links
	local content = args.content
	if not content or args[1] then
		-- No need to include the links if the documentation is on the template page itself.
		local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env)
		if linksData then
			links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData)
		end
	end
	-- Generate the start box html.
	local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links)
	if data then
		return p.renderStartBox(data)
	else
		-- User specified no heading.
		return nil
	end
end

function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env)
	--[[
	-- Does initial processing of data to make the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'view-link-display' --&gt; 'view'
	-- 'edit-link-display' --&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'history-link-display' --&gt; 'history'
	-- 'purge-link-display' --&gt; 'purge'
	-- 'module-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc'
	-- 'docpage-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload'
	-- 'create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	--]]
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	local title = env.title
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not title or not docTitle then
		return nil
	end
	if docTitle.isRedirect then 
		docTitle = docTitle.redirectTarget
	end

	-- Create link if /doc doesn't exist.
	local preload = args.preload
	if not preload then
		if subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace
			preload = message('module-preload')
		else
			preload = message('docpage-preload')
		end
	end
	
	return {
		title = title,
		docTitle = docTitle,
		-- View, display, edit, and purge links if /doc exists.
		viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display'),
		editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display'),
		historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display'),
		purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display'),
		preload = preload,
		createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display')
	}
end

function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data)
	--[[
	-- Generates the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create][purge] links from the data table.
	-- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxLinksData
	--]]
	local docTitle = data.docTitle
	-- yes, we do intend to purge the template page on which the documentation appears
	local purgeLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:Purge/&quot; .. data.title.prefixedText, data.purgeLinkDisplay)
	
	if docTitle.exists then
		local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay)
		local editLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:EditPage/&quot; .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.editLinkDisplay)
		local historyLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:PageHistory/&quot; .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.historyLinkDisplay)
		return viewLink .. editLink .. historyLink .. purgeLink
	else
		local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay)
		return createLink .. purgeLink
	end
	return ret
end

function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links)
	--[=[
	-- Does initial processing of data to pass to the start-box render function, p.renderStartBox.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- @links - a string containing the [view][edit][history][purge] links - could be nil if there's an error.
	--
	-- Messages:
	-- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --&gt; '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]'
	-- 'template-namespace-heading' --&gt; 'Template documentation'
	-- 'module-namespace-heading' --&gt; 'Module documentation'
	-- 'file-namespace-heading' --&gt; 'Summary'
	-- 'other-namespaces-heading' --&gt; 'Documentation'
	-- 'testcases-create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	--]=]
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	if not subjectSpace then
		-- Default to an &quot;other namespaces&quot; namespace, so that we get at least some output
		-- if an error occurs.
		subjectSpace = 2
	end
	local data = {}
	
	-- Heading
	local heading = args.heading -- Blank values are not removed.
	if heading == '' then
		-- Don't display the start box if the heading arg is defined but blank.
		return nil
	end
	if heading then
		data.heading = heading
	elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace
		data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading')
	elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace
		data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading')
	elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace
		data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading')
	else
		data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading')
	end
	
	-- Heading CSS
	local headingStyle = args['heading-style']
	if headingStyle then
		data.headingStyleText = headingStyle
	else
		-- 'documentation-heading'
		data.headingClass = message('main-div-heading-class')
	end
	
	-- Data for the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links.
	if links then
		-- 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks'
		data.linksClass = message('start-box-link-classes')
		data.links = links
	end
	
	return data
end

function p.renderStartBox(data)
	-- Renders the start box html.
	-- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxData.
	local sbox = mw.html.create('div')
	sbox
		-- 'documentation-startbox'
		:addClass(message('start-box-class'))
		:newline()
		:tag('span')
			:addClass(data.headingClass)
			:attr('id', 'documentation-heading')
			:cssText(data.headingStyleText)
			:wikitext(data.heading)
	local links = data.links
	if links then
		sbox:tag('span')
			:addClass(data.linksClass)
			:attr('id', data.linksId)
			:wikitext(links)
	end
	return tostring(sbox)
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Documentation content
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content')

function p._content(args, env)
	-- Displays the documentation contents
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	local content = args.content
	if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then
		content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText}
	end
	-- The line breaks below are necessary so that &quot;=== Headings ===&quot; at the start and end
	-- of docs are interpreted correctly.
	return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n' 
end

p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle')

function p._contentTitle(args, env)
	env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then
		return docTitle.prefixedText
	else
		return ''
	end
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- End box
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox')

function p._endBox(args, env)
	--[=[
	-- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box).
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	--]=]
	
	-- Get environment data.
	env = env or p.getEnvironment(args)
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then
		return nil
	end
		
	-- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end
	-- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the
	-- user, module or template namespaces.
	local linkBox = args['link box']
	if linkBox == 'off'
		or not (
			docTitle.exists
			or subjectSpace == 2
			or subjectSpace == 828
			or subjectSpace == 10
		)
	then
		return nil
	end

	-- Assemble the link box.
	local text = ''
	if linkBox then
		text = text .. linkBox
	else
		text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- &quot;This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]].&quot; 
		if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then
			-- We are in the user, template or module namespaces.
			-- Add sandbox and testcases links.
			-- &quot;Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages.&quot;
			text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or '') .. '&lt;br /&gt;'
			if not args.content and not args[1] then
				-- &quot;Please add categories to the /doc subpage.&quot;
				-- Don't show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page,
				-- as then it is unclear where to add the categories.
				text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '')
			end
			text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --&quot;Subpages of this template&quot;
		end
	end
	
	local box = mw.html.create('div')
	-- 'documentation-metadata'
	box:attr('role', 'note')
		:addClass(message('end-box-class'))
		-- 'plainlinks'
		:addClass(message('end-box-plainlinks'))
		:wikitext(text)
		:done()

	return '\n' .. tostring(box)
end

function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env)
	--[=[
	-- Makes the blurb &quot;This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)&quot;.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'edit-link-display' --&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'history-link-display' --&gt; 'history'
	-- 'transcluded-from-blurb' --&gt; 
	-- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] 
	-- is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.'
	-- 'module-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc'
	-- 'create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	-- 'create-module-doc-blurb' --&gt;
	-- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].'
	--]=]
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not docTitle then
		return nil
	end
	if docTitle.exists then
		-- /doc exists; link to it.
		local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText)
		local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display')
		local editLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:EditPage/&quot; .. docTitle.prefixedText, editDisplay)
		local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display')
		local historyLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:PageHistory/&quot; .. docTitle.prefixedText, historyDisplay)
		return message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink})
			.. ' '
			.. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink)
			.. '&lt;br /&gt;'
	elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then
		-- /doc does not exist; ask to create it.
		local createUrl = docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')}
		local createDisplay = message('create-link-display')
		local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay)
		return message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink})
			.. '&lt;br /&gt;'
	end
end

function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env)
	--[[
	-- Renders the text &quot;Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages.&quot;
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- 
	-- Messages:
	-- 'sandbox-link-display' --&gt; 'sandbox'
	-- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'compare-link-display' --&gt; 'diff'
	-- 'module-sandbox-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox'
	-- 'template-sandbox-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox'
	-- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	-- 'mirror-edit-summary' --&gt; 'Create sandbox version of $1'
	-- 'mirror-link-display' --&gt; 'mirror'
	-- 'mirror-link-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/mirror'
	-- 'sandbox-link-display' --&gt; 'sandbox'
	-- 'testcases-link-display' --&gt; 'testcases'
	-- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'template-sandbox-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox'
	-- 'testcases-create-link-display' --&gt; 'create'
	-- 'testcases-link-display' --&gt; 'testcases'
	-- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --&gt; 'edit'
	-- 'module-testcases-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases'
	-- 'template-testcases-preload' --&gt; 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases'
	-- 'experiment-blurb-module' --&gt; 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.'
	-- 'experiment-blurb-template' --&gt; 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.'
	--]]
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
	local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle
	local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle
	local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText
	if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then
		return nil
	end
	-- Make links.
	local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks
	if sandboxTitle.exists then
		local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText
		local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display')
		local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay)
		local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display')
		local sandboxEditLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:EditPage/&quot; .. sandboxPage, sandboxEditDisplay)
		local compareUrl = env.compareUrl
		local compareLink
		if compareUrl then
			local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display')
			compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay)
		end
		sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink)
	else
		local sandboxPreload
		if subjectSpace == 828 then
			sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload')
		else
			sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload')
		end
		local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload}
		local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display')
		local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay)
		local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)})
		local mirrorPreload = message('mirror-link-preload')
		local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary}
		if subjectSpace == 828 then
			mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary}
		end
		local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display')
		local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay)
		sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink)
	end
	if testcasesTitle.exists then
		local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText
		local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display')
		local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay)
		local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit'}
		local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display')
		local testcasesEditLink = makeWikilink(&quot;Special:EditPage/&quot; .. testcasesPage, testcasesEditDisplay)
		-- for Modules, add testcases run link if exists
		if testcasesTitle.contentModel == &quot;Scribunto&quot;  and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then
			local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('testcases-run-link-display')
			local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay)
			testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink)
		else
			testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink)
		end
	else
		local testcasesPreload
		if subjectSpace == 828 then
			testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload')
		else
			testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload')
		end
		local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload}
		local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display')
		local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay)
		testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink)
	end
	local messageName
	if subjectSpace == 828 then
		messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module'
	else
		messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template'
	end
	return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks})
end

function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env)
	--[[
	-- Generates the text &quot;Please add categories to the /doc subpage.&quot;
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	-- Messages:
	-- 'doc-link-display' --&gt; '/doc'
	-- 'add-categories-blurb' --&gt; 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.'
	--]]
	local docTitle = env.docTitle
	if not docTitle then
		return nil
	end
	local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display'))
	return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink})
end

function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env)
	--[[
	-- Generates the &quot;Subpages of this template&quot; link.
	-- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	
	-- Messages:
	-- 'template-pagetype' --&gt; 'template'
	-- 'module-pagetype' --&gt; 'module'
	-- 'default-pagetype' --&gt; 'page'
	-- 'subpages-link-display' --&gt; 'Subpages of this $1'
	--]]
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	local templateTitle = env.templateTitle
	if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then
		return nil
	end
	local pagetype
	if subjectSpace == 10 then
		pagetype = message('template-pagetype')
	elseif subjectSpace == 828 then
		pagetype = message('module-pagetype')
	else
		pagetype = message('default-pagetype')
	end
	local subpagesLink = makeWikilink(
		'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/',
		message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype})
	)
	return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink})
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tracking categories
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

function p.addTrackingCategories(env)
	--[[
	-- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page.
	-- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment
	
	-- Messages:
	-- 'display-strange-usage-category' --&gt; true
	-- 'doc-subpage' --&gt; 'doc'
	-- 'testcases-subpage' --&gt; 'testcases'
	-- 'strange-usage-category' --&gt; 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage'
	-- 
	-- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have
	-- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically.
	--]]
	local title = env.title
	local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace
	if not title or not subjectSpace then
		return nil
	end
	local subpage = title.subpageText
	if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean')
		and (
			subpage == message('doc-subpage')
			or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage')
		)
	then
		return makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category'))
	end
	return ''
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>bo74oekmmsj1xtpw7dlzkvkhc0k05g6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Protection banner</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>24396</id>
    <redirect title="Module:Protected page" />
    <revision>
      <id>339276</id>
      <parentid>332318</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-30T17:20:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Primefac</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Primefac moved page [[Module:Protection banner]] to [[Module:Protected page]]: update following [[Special:Permalink/1372151970#Requested_move_16_August_2026|RM]]</comment>
      <origin>339276</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="40" sha1="szdce6cijto5md3vglrgsqmjww4leo2" xml:space="preserve">return require [[Module:Protected page]]</text>
      <sha1>szdce6cijto5md3vglrgsqmjww4leo2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339277</id>
      <parentid>339276</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Protection_banner]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339276</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="40" sha1="szdce6cijto5md3vglrgsqmjww4leo2" xml:space="preserve">return require [[Module:Protected page]]</text>
      <sha1>szdce6cijto5md3vglrgsqmjww4leo2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Yesno</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>24404</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339264</id>
      <parentid>279979</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-12-06T20:28:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Pppery</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Copy from sandbox per request</comment>
      <origin>339264</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="348" sha1="ap97tktff18ii0muqd5f4eezydumg5v" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#switch: {{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;lc: {{{1|¬}}} }}
 |no
 |n
 |f
 |false
 |off
 |0        = {{{no|}}}
 |         = {{{blank|{{{no|}}}}}}
 |¬        = {{{¬|}}}
 |yes
 |y
 |t
 |true
 |on
 |1        = {{{yes|yes}}}
 |#default = {{{def|{{{yes|yes}}}}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ap97tktff18ii0muqd5f4eezydumg5v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339265</id>
      <parentid>339264</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Yesno]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339264</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="348" sha1="ap97tktff18ii0muqd5f4eezydumg5v" xml:space="preserve">{{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;#switch: {{&lt;includeonly&gt;safesubst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;lc: {{{1|¬}}} }}
 |no
 |n
 |f
 |false
 |off
 |0        = {{{no|}}}
 |         = {{{blank|{{{no|}}}}}}
 |¬        = {{{¬|}}}
 |yes
 |y
 |t
 |true
 |on
 |1        = {{{yes|yes}}}
 |#default = {{{def|{{{yes|yes}}}}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ap97tktff18ii0muqd5f4eezydumg5v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:R from move</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>24666</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339230</id>
      <parentid>210311</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-21T18:41:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Steel1943</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undid revision 996791156 by [[Special:Contributions/Paine Ellsworth|Paine Ellsworth]] ([[User talk:Paine Ellsworth|talk]]) this wording addition needs discussion since it wasn't discussed and I don't agree with it (and how I didn't notice it for over a year ... not sure)</comment>
      <origin>339230</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="665" sha1="jb1j0dw49p25rsnw8nldcu4oogum41x" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{hatnote|This rcat template is automatically added to all new redirects that result from page moves; it must be added manually to older redirects when appropriate.}}{{This is a redirect/rcat}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{Redirect template
  |id=R from move
  |name=From a page move
  |from=a page that has been moved (renamed)
  |info=This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name.
  |all category=Redirects from moves
}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{R from move/except}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;!-- Place categories on /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata. --&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jb1j0dw49p25rsnw8nldcu4oogum41x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339231</id>
      <parentid>339230</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:07:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:R_from_move]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339230</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="665" sha1="jb1j0dw49p25rsnw8nldcu4oogum41x" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{hatnote|This rcat template is automatically added to all new redirects that result from page moves; it must be added manually to older redirects when appropriate.}}{{This is a redirect/rcat}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{Redirect template
  |id=R from move
  |name=From a page move
  |from=a page that has been moved (renamed)
  |info=This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name.
  |all category=Redirects from moves
}}&lt;includeonly&gt;{{R from move/except}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;!-- Place categories on /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata. --&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jb1j0dw49p25rsnw8nldcu4oogum41x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Redirect template</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>24667</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339228</id>
      <parentid>221396</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-08-11T23:33:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Pppery</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Changed protection settings for &quot;[[Template:Redirect template]]&quot;: [[WP:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]] ([Edit=Require administrator access] (indefinite) [Move=Require administrator access] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>221396</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="75" sha1="1cl28dcwjsrtge5hedu653jwub1cll3" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Redirect template|main}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1cl28dcwjsrtge5hedu653jwub1cll3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339229</id>
      <parentid>339228</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:07:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Redirect_template]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>221396</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="75" sha1="1cl28dcwjsrtge5hedu653jwub1cll3" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Redirect template|main}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1cl28dcwjsrtge5hedu653jwub1cll3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Redirect template</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>24668</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339234</id>
      <parentid>221398</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-08-11T23:33:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Pppery</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Changed protection settings for &quot;[[Module:Redirect template]]&quot; ([Edit=Require administrator access] (indefinite) [Move=Require administrator access] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>339234</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3294" sha1="7vajdchxsgtfzfo0bbnl18pwnlasddx" xml:space="preserve">require('strict')

local p = {}

-- key is beginning of arg name. value is table with namespace number and link
-- alternatively, a function taking the namespace number and returning a validity
-- can be used
local namespaceCategories = {
	all = { function() return true end },
	main = { 0, '[[WP:Mainspace|main]]' },
	help = { 12, '[[WP:Help namespace|help]]' },
	portal = { 100, '[[WP:Portal|portal]]' },
	mos = { 126, '[[WP:MOS namespace|MOS]]' },
	talk = { function(n) return n &gt; 0 and n%2 == 1 end, '[[Help:Talk pages|talk]]' },
	template = { 10, '[[WP:Template namespace|template]]' },
	wikipedia = { 4, '[[WP:Project namespace|Wikipedia project]]' },
	category = { 14, '[[WP:Categorization|category]]' },
	user = { 2, '[[WP:User pages|user]]' },
	draft = { 118, '[[WP:Drafts|draft]]' },
}

-- remove whitespaces from beginning and end of args
local function valueFunc(key, val)
	if type(val) == 'string' then
		val = val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
		if val == '' then
			return nil
		end
	end
	return val
end

local function getPrettyName(args)
	for k in pairs(namespaceCategories) do
		if args[k .. ' category'] then
			return string.format(&quot;'''[[:Category:%s|%s]]''': &quot;, args[k .. ' category'], args.name)
		end
	end
	return string.format(&quot;'''%s''': &quot;, args.name)
end

function p.main(frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Redirect template', valueFunc = valueFunc})
	local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace

	--- XXX: this is a HORRIBLE HACK. kill it with fire as soon as https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14974 is fixed
	--- [[phab:T14974]] was previously known as [[bugzilla:12974]] https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12974
	local beCompatibleWithBug14974 = args.info and (args.info:find('^[:;#*]', 1) == 1 or args.info:find('{|', 1, true) == 1) and '\n' or ' '
	
	local content = string.format('\n&lt;div class=&quot;rcat %s&quot;&gt;\n*%sThis is a redirect%s%s.%s%s\n&lt;/div&gt;',
		args.id and ('rcat-' .. string.gsub(args.id, ' ', '_')) or '',
		args.name and getPrettyName(args) or '',
		args.from and (' from ' .. args.from) or '',
		args.to and (' to ' .. args.to) or '',
		args.info and beCompatibleWithBug14974 or '',
		args.info or ''
	)
	
	for k,v in pairs(namespaceCategories) do
		if args[k .. ' category'] then
			if type(v[1]) == 'function' and v[1](namespace) or v[1] == namespace then
				if args.sortkey then
					content = content .. string.format('[[Category:%s|%s]]', args[k .. ' category'], args.sortkey)
					else
						content = content .. string.format('[[Category:%s]]', args[k .. ' category'])
				end
			elseif args['other category'] then
				if args.sortkey then
					content = content .. string.format('[[Category:%s|%s]]', args['other category'], args.sortkey)
					else
						content = content .. string.format('[[Category:%s]]', args['other category'])
				end
			else
				content = content .. frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Incorrect redirect template', args = {v[2]}}
			end
		end
	end

	if namespace == 0 then
		local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
		if yesno(args.printworthy) == true then
			return content .. '[[Category:Printworthy redirects]]'
		elseif yesno(args.printworthy) == false then
			return content .. '[[Category:Unprintworthy redirects]]'
		end
	end
	return content
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>7vajdchxsgtfzfo0bbnl18pwnlasddx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339235</id>
      <parentid>330752</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:07:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Redirect_template]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>330752</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3153" sha1="kk3fg3yfjdi2wjesrf3z3dsc2336mqb" xml:space="preserve">require('strict')

local p = {}

-- key is beginning of arg name. value is table with namespace number and link
-- alternatively, a function taking the namespace number and returning a validity
-- can be used
local namespaceCategories = {
	all = { function() return true end },
	main = { 0, '[[wp:mainspace|main]]' },
	help = { 12, '[[wp:help namespace|help]]' },
	portal = { 100, '[[wp:portal|portal]]' },
	talk = { function(n) return n &gt; 0 and n%2 == 1 end, '[[Help:Using talk pages|talk]]' },
	template = { 10, '[[wp:template namespace|template]]' },
	wikipedia = { 4, '[[wp:project namespace|Wikipedia project]]' },
	category = { 14, '[[wp:categorization|category]]' },
	user = { 2, '[[wp:user pages|user]]' },
}

-- Don't convert blank category to nil
local function valueFunc(key, val)
	if type(val) == 'string' then
		val = val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
		if val == '' and key ~= 'category' and key ~= 'embed' then
			return nil
		end
	end
	return val
end

local function getPrettyName(args)
	for k in pairs(namespaceCategories) do
		if args[k .. ' category'] then
			return  &quot;'''[[:Category:&quot; .. args[k .. ' category'] .. &quot;|&quot; .. args.name .. &quot;]]''': &quot;
		end
	end
	return &quot;'''&quot; .. args.name .. &quot;''': &quot;
end

function p.core(frame, args)
	if not args then
		args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Redirect template/core', valueFunc = valueFunc})
	end
	local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace
	local otherCategory = args['other category'] and (args.category or string.format('[[Category:%s]]', args['other category']))
	local embedPossible = args.embed == nil or args.embed == 'yes'

	--- XXX: this is a HORRIBLE HACK. kill it with fire as soon as https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12974 is fixed
	local beCompatibleWithBug12974 = args.info and (args.info:find('^[:;#*]', 1) == 1 or args.info:find('{|', 1, true) == 1) and '\n' or ' '
	
	local retval = string.format('*%sThis is a redirect%s%s.%s%s\n',
		embedPossible and args.name and getPrettyName(args) or '',
		args.from and (' from ' .. args.from) or '',
		args.to and (' to ' .. args.to) or '',
		args.info and beCompatibleWithBug12974 or '',
		args.info or ''
	)
	for k,v in pairs(namespaceCategories) do
		if args[k .. ' category'] then
			if type(v[1]) == 'function' and v[1](namespace) or v[1] == namespace then
				retval = retval .. (args.category or string.format('[[Category:%s]]', args[k .. ' category']))
			elseif args['other category'] then
				retval = retval .. otherCategory
			else
				retval = retval .. frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Incorrect redirect template', args = {v[2]}}
			end
		end
	end
	return retval
end

function p.main(frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Redirect template', valueFunc = valueFunc})
	local retval = p.core(frame, args)
	if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then
		if args.printworthy == 'yes' then
			return retval .. (args.category or '[[Category:Printworthy redirects]]')
		elseif args.printworthy == 'no' then
			return retval .. (args.category or '[[Category:Unprintworthy redirects]]')
		end
	end
	return retval
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>kk3fg3yfjdi2wjesrf3z3dsc2336mqb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Hatnote</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>24673</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339272</id>
      <parentid>280019</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-03-18T15:47:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Ahecht</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Revert</comment>
      <origin>339272</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6129" sha1="qps4k9ys6ba1dq9msz6m6lq3kfc4w6t" xml:space="preserve">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Module:Hatnote                                --
--                                                                            --
-- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It       --
-- implements the {{hatnote}} and {{format link}} meta-templates and includes --
-- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules.                            --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil')
local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType
local checkTypeForNamedArg = libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg
local mArguments -- lazily initialise [[Module:Arguments]]
local yesno -- lazily initialise [[Module:Yesno]]
local formatLink -- lazily initialise [[Module:Format link]] ._formatLink

local p = {}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function getArgs(frame)
	-- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and
	-- blanks are removed.
	mArguments = require('Module:Arguments')
	return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true})
end

local function removeInitialColon(s)
	-- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present.
	return s:match('^:?(.*)')
end

function p.defaultClasses(inline)
	-- Provides the default hatnote classes as a space-separated string; useful
	-- for hatnote-manipulation modules like [[Module:Hatnote group]].
	return
		(inline == 1 and 'hatnote-inline' or 'hatnote') .. ' ' ..
		'navigation-not-searchable'
end

function p.disambiguate(page, disambiguator)
	-- Formats a page title with a disambiguation parenthetical,
	-- i.e. &quot;Example&quot; → &quot;Example (disambiguation)&quot;.
	checkType('disambiguate', 1, page, 'string')
	checkType('disambiguate', 2, disambiguator, 'string', true)
	disambiguator = disambiguator or 'disambiguation'
	return mw.ustring.format('%s (%s)', page, disambiguator)
end

function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon)
	-- Finds the namespace id (namespace number) of a link or a pagename. This
	-- function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets. Colons
	-- are trimmed from the start of the link by default. To skip colon
	-- trimming, set the removeColon parameter to false.
	checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string')
	checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true)
	if removeColon ~= false then
		link = removeInitialColon(link)
	end
	local namespace = link:match('^(.-):')
	if namespace then
		local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace]
		if nsTable then
			return nsTable.id
		end
	end
	return 0
end

function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory, title)
	-- Formats an error message to be returned to wikitext. If
	-- addTrackingCategory is not false after being returned from
	-- [[Module:Yesno]], and if we are not on a talk page, a tracking category
	-- is added.
	checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string')
	checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true)
	yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
	title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	-- Make the help link text.
	local helpText
	if helpLink then
		helpText = ' ([[' .. helpLink .. '|help]])'
	else
		helpText = ''
	end
	-- Make the category text.
	local category
	if not title.isTalkPage -- Don't categorise talk pages
		and title.namespace ~= 2 -- Don't categorise userspace
		and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false -- Allow opting out
	then
		category = 'Hatnote templates with errors'
		category = mw.ustring.format(
			'[[%s:%s]]',
			mw.site.namespaces[14].name,
			category
		)
	else
		category = ''
	end
	return mw.ustring.format(
		'&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Error: %s%s.&lt;/strong&gt;%s',
		msg,
		helpText,
		category
	)
end

local curNs = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace
p.missingTargetCat =
	--Default missing target category, exported for use in related modules
	((curNs ==  0) or (curNs == 14)) and
	'Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page' or nil

function p.quote(title)
	--Wraps titles in quotation marks. If the title starts/ends with a quotation
	--mark, kerns that side as with {{-'}}
	local quotationMarks = {
		[&quot;'&quot;]=true, ['&quot;']=true, ['“']=true, [&quot;‘&quot;]=true, ['”']=true, [&quot;’&quot;]=true
	}
	local quoteLeft, quoteRight = -- Test if start/end are quotation marks
		quotationMarks[string.sub(title,  1,  1)],
		quotationMarks[string.sub(title, -1, -1)]
	if quoteLeft or quoteRight then
		title = mw.html.create(&quot;span&quot;):wikitext(title)
	end
	if quoteLeft  then title:css(&quot;padding-left&quot;,  &quot;0.15em&quot;) end
	if quoteRight then title:css(&quot;padding-right&quot;, &quot;0.15em&quot;) end
	return '&quot;' .. tostring(title) .. '&quot;'
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Hatnote
--
-- Produces standard hatnote text. Implements the {{hatnote}} template.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
p[''] = function (frame) return p.hatnote(frame:newChild{ title = &quot;Template:Hatnote&quot; }) end

function p.hatnote(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)
	local s = args[1]
	if not s then
		return p.makeWikitextError(
			'no text specified',
			'Template:Hatnote#Errors',
			args.category
		)
	end
	return p._hatnote(s, {
		extraclasses = args.extraclasses,
		selfref = args.selfref
	})
end

function p._hatnote(s, options)
	checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string')
	checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true)
	options = options or {}
	local inline = options.inline
	local hatnote = mw.html.create(inline == 1 and 'span' or 'div')
	local extraclasses
	if type(options.extraclasses) == 'string' then
		extraclasses = options.extraclasses
	end

	hatnote
		:attr('role', 'note')
		:addClass(p.defaultClasses(inline))
		:addClass(extraclasses)
		:addClass(options.selfref and 'selfref' or nil)
		:wikitext(s)

	return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{
		name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Hatnote/styles.css' }
	} .. tostring(hatnote)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>qps4k9ys6ba1dq9msz6m6lq3kfc4w6t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339273</id>
      <parentid>339272</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Hatnote]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339272</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6129" sha1="qps4k9ys6ba1dq9msz6m6lq3kfc4w6t" xml:space="preserve">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Module:Hatnote                                --
--                                                                            --
-- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It       --
-- implements the {{hatnote}} and {{format link}} meta-templates and includes --
-- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules.                            --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil')
local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType
local checkTypeForNamedArg = libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg
local mArguments -- lazily initialise [[Module:Arguments]]
local yesno -- lazily initialise [[Module:Yesno]]
local formatLink -- lazily initialise [[Module:Format link]] ._formatLink

local p = {}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function getArgs(frame)
	-- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and
	-- blanks are removed.
	mArguments = require('Module:Arguments')
	return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true})
end

local function removeInitialColon(s)
	-- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present.
	return s:match('^:?(.*)')
end

function p.defaultClasses(inline)
	-- Provides the default hatnote classes as a space-separated string; useful
	-- for hatnote-manipulation modules like [[Module:Hatnote group]].
	return
		(inline == 1 and 'hatnote-inline' or 'hatnote') .. ' ' ..
		'navigation-not-searchable'
end

function p.disambiguate(page, disambiguator)
	-- Formats a page title with a disambiguation parenthetical,
	-- i.e. &quot;Example&quot; → &quot;Example (disambiguation)&quot;.
	checkType('disambiguate', 1, page, 'string')
	checkType('disambiguate', 2, disambiguator, 'string', true)
	disambiguator = disambiguator or 'disambiguation'
	return mw.ustring.format('%s (%s)', page, disambiguator)
end

function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon)
	-- Finds the namespace id (namespace number) of a link or a pagename. This
	-- function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets. Colons
	-- are trimmed from the start of the link by default. To skip colon
	-- trimming, set the removeColon parameter to false.
	checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string')
	checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true)
	if removeColon ~= false then
		link = removeInitialColon(link)
	end
	local namespace = link:match('^(.-):')
	if namespace then
		local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace]
		if nsTable then
			return nsTable.id
		end
	end
	return 0
end

function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory, title)
	-- Formats an error message to be returned to wikitext. If
	-- addTrackingCategory is not false after being returned from
	-- [[Module:Yesno]], and if we are not on a talk page, a tracking category
	-- is added.
	checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string')
	checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true)
	yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
	title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	-- Make the help link text.
	local helpText
	if helpLink then
		helpText = ' ([[' .. helpLink .. '|help]])'
	else
		helpText = ''
	end
	-- Make the category text.
	local category
	if not title.isTalkPage -- Don't categorise talk pages
		and title.namespace ~= 2 -- Don't categorise userspace
		and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false -- Allow opting out
	then
		category = 'Hatnote templates with errors'
		category = mw.ustring.format(
			'[[%s:%s]]',
			mw.site.namespaces[14].name,
			category
		)
	else
		category = ''
	end
	return mw.ustring.format(
		'&lt;strong class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Error: %s%s.&lt;/strong&gt;%s',
		msg,
		helpText,
		category
	)
end

local curNs = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace
p.missingTargetCat =
	--Default missing target category, exported for use in related modules
	((curNs ==  0) or (curNs == 14)) and
	'Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page' or nil

function p.quote(title)
	--Wraps titles in quotation marks. If the title starts/ends with a quotation
	--mark, kerns that side as with {{-'}}
	local quotationMarks = {
		[&quot;'&quot;]=true, ['&quot;']=true, ['“']=true, [&quot;‘&quot;]=true, ['”']=true, [&quot;’&quot;]=true
	}
	local quoteLeft, quoteRight = -- Test if start/end are quotation marks
		quotationMarks[string.sub(title,  1,  1)],
		quotationMarks[string.sub(title, -1, -1)]
	if quoteLeft or quoteRight then
		title = mw.html.create(&quot;span&quot;):wikitext(title)
	end
	if quoteLeft  then title:css(&quot;padding-left&quot;,  &quot;0.15em&quot;) end
	if quoteRight then title:css(&quot;padding-right&quot;, &quot;0.15em&quot;) end
	return '&quot;' .. tostring(title) .. '&quot;'
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Hatnote
--
-- Produces standard hatnote text. Implements the {{hatnote}} template.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
p[''] = function (frame) return p.hatnote(frame:newChild{ title = &quot;Template:Hatnote&quot; }) end

function p.hatnote(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)
	local s = args[1]
	if not s then
		return p.makeWikitextError(
			'no text specified',
			'Template:Hatnote#Errors',
			args.category
		)
	end
	return p._hatnote(s, {
		extraclasses = args.extraclasses,
		selfref = args.selfref
	})
end

function p._hatnote(s, options)
	checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string')
	checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true)
	options = options or {}
	local inline = options.inline
	local hatnote = mw.html.create(inline == 1 and 'span' or 'div')
	local extraclasses
	if type(options.extraclasses) == 'string' then
		extraclasses = options.extraclasses
	end

	hatnote
		:attr('role', 'note')
		:addClass(p.defaultClasses(inline))
		:addClass(extraclasses)
		:addClass(options.selfref and 'selfref' or nil)
		:wikitext(s)

	return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{
		name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Hatnote/styles.css' }
	} .. tostring(hatnote)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>qps4k9ys6ba1dq9msz6m6lq3kfc4w6t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:TemplateData header</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>24686</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339332</id>
      <parentid>280095</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-12-01T11:27:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Gonnym</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix website link if |1= is used</comment>
      <origin>339332</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1164" sha1="dm3fsfuowxw0chxh4fnnh51ar884k3v" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;templatedata-header&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{noheader|}}}|&lt;!--
 noheader:
--&gt;{{Template parameter usage|{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|based=y}}|&lt;!--
 +header:
--&gt;This is the {{#if:{{{nolink|}}}|&lt;!--
  +header, nolink TD
  --&gt;TemplateData|&lt;!--
  +header,  +link [[TD]]; DEFAULT:
--&gt;[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]]}}&lt;!--
   e.o. #if:nolink; DEFAULT:
--&gt; for this template used by [[mw:Extension:TemplateWizard|TemplateWizard]], [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools. {{Template parameter usage|{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|based=y}}&lt;!--
   e.o. #if:noheader
--&gt;}}

'''TemplateData for {{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}'''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;!--

 check parameters
--&gt;{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check
|unknown={{template other|1=[[Category:Pages using TemplateData header with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}}
|template=Template:TemplateData header
|1 |nolink |noheader
|preview=&lt;div class=&quot;error&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;Unknown parameter '_VALUE_' in [[Template:TemplateData header]].&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{template other|{{sandbox other||
[[Category:Templates using TemplateData]]

}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dm3fsfuowxw0chxh4fnnh51ar884k3v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339333</id>
      <parentid>339332</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:TemplateData_header]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339332</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1164" sha1="dm3fsfuowxw0chxh4fnnh51ar884k3v" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;templatedata-header&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{noheader|}}}|&lt;!--
 noheader:
--&gt;{{Template parameter usage|{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|based=y}}|&lt;!--
 +header:
--&gt;This is the {{#if:{{{nolink|}}}|&lt;!--
  +header, nolink TD
  --&gt;TemplateData|&lt;!--
  +header,  +link [[TD]]; DEFAULT:
--&gt;[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]]}}&lt;!--
   e.o. #if:nolink; DEFAULT:
--&gt; for this template used by [[mw:Extension:TemplateWizard|TemplateWizard]], [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools. {{Template parameter usage|{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|based=y}}&lt;!--
   e.o. #if:noheader
--&gt;}}

'''TemplateData for {{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}'''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;!--

 check parameters
--&gt;{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check
|unknown={{template other|1=[[Category:Pages using TemplateData header with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}}
|template=Template:TemplateData header
|1 |nolink |noheader
|preview=&lt;div class=&quot;error&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;Unknown parameter '_VALUE_' in [[Template:TemplateData header]].&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{template other|{{sandbox other||
[[Category:Templates using TemplateData]]

}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dm3fsfuowxw0chxh4fnnh51ar884k3v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:T</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>24848</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Template link" />
    <revision>
      <id>339286</id>
      <parentid>214408</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-06-05T04:09:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Dinoguy1000</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>not that it matters much, but fix comment closing</comment>
      <origin>339286</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="180" sha1="lundwspklp4q9oao3icq7qp0luocglh" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Template link]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R from template shortcut}}
}}
&lt;!-- Used as Template:tl throughout English Wikipedia; demo template referenced only on meta --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lundwspklp4q9oao3icq7qp0luocglh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339287</id>
      <parentid>280241</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:T]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>280241</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="133" sha1="31xbybnuo69ioyo6xt6m3ehfv443igy" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Template link]]

&lt;!-- Used as Template:tl throughout English Wikipedia; demo template referenced only on meta -&gt;</text>
      <sha1>31xbybnuo69ioyo6xt6m3ehfv443igy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Check for unknown parameters</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>37518</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339266</id>
      <parentid>329358</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-10T08:31:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Johnuniq</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>implement edit request from [[User:Zackmann08]] to remove 'coord' from default in mapframe_params table per [[Special:PermanentLink/1379472561#Protected edit request on 2 October 2026|talk permalink]]</comment>
      <origin>339266</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="4936" sha1="pn8nxt3tzckni7xgmqn4wy1q5b5c05s" xml:space="preserve">-- This module may be used to compare the arguments passed to the parent
-- with a list of arguments, returning a specified result if an argument is
-- not on the list

require ('strict');

local p = {}

local pushpin_map_params = {
	'coordinates',
	'pushpin_caption',
	'pushpin_relief',
	'pushpin_label',
	'pushpin_label_position',
	'pushpin_label_size',
	'pushpin_map',
	'pushpin_mark',
	'pushpin_mark_size',
	'pushpin_alt',
	'pushpin_background',
	'pushpin_map_size'
}

local mapframe_params = {
	'coordinates',
	'id',
	'qid',
	'mapframe',
	'mapframe-area_km2',
	'mapframe-area_mi2',
	'mapframe-caption',
	'mapframe-coord',
	'mapframe-coordinates',
	'mapframe-custom',
	'mapframe-frame-coord',
	'mapframe-frame-coordinates',
	'mapframe-frame-height',
	'mapframe-frame-width',
	'mapframe-geomask',
	'mapframe-geomask-fill',
	'mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity',
	'mapframe-geomask-stroke-color',
	'mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour',
	'mapframe-geomask-stroke-width',
	'mapframe-height',
	'mapframe-id',
	'mapframe-length_km',
	'mapframe-length_mi',
	'mapframe-line',
	'mapframe-line-stroke-color',
	'mapframe-line-stroke-colour',
	'mapframe-marker',
	'mapframe-marker-color',
	'mapframe-marker-colour',
	'mapframe-point',
	'mapframe-population',
	'mapframe-shape',
	'mapframe-shape-fill',
	'mapframe-shape-fill-opacity',
	'mapframe-shape-stroke-color',
	'mapframe-shape-stroke-colour',
	'mapframe-stroke-color',
	'mapframe-stroke-colour',
	'mapframe-stroke-width',
	'mapframe-switcher',
	'mapframe-type',
	'mapframe-width',
	'mapframe-wikidata',
	'mapframe-zoom'
}

local function trim(s)
	return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
end

local function isnotempty(s)
	return s and s:match('%S')
end

local function clean(text)
	-- Return text cleaned for display and truncated if too long.
	-- Strip markers are replaced with dummy text representing the original wikitext.
	local pos, truncated
	local function truncate(text)
		if truncated then
			return ''
		end
		if mw.ustring.len(text) &gt; 25 then
			truncated = true
			text = mw.ustring.sub(text, 1, 25) .. '...'
		end
		return mw.text.nowiki(text)
	end
	local parts = {}
	for before, tag, remainder in text:gmatch('([^\127]*)\127[^\127]*%-(%l+)%-[^\127]*\127()') do
		pos = remainder
		table.insert(parts, truncate(before) .. '&amp;lt;' .. tag .. '&amp;gt;...&amp;lt;/' .. tag .. '&amp;gt;')
	end
	table.insert(parts, truncate(text:sub(pos or 1)))
	return table.concat(parts)
end

function p._check(args, pargs)
	if type(args) ~= &quot;table&quot; or type(pargs) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
		-- TODO: error handling
		return
	end

	-- create the list of known args, regular expressions, and the return string
	local knownargs = {}

	if isnotempty(args['mapframe_args']) then
		for _, v in ipairs(mapframe_params) do
			knownargs[v] = 1
		end
	end

	if isnotempty(args['pushpin_map_args']) then
		for _, v in ipairs(pushpin_map_params) do
			knownargs[v] = 1
		end
	end

	local regexps = {}
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		if type(k) == 'number' then
			v = trim(v)
			knownargs[v] = 1
		elseif k:find('^regexp[1-9][0-9]*$') then
			table.insert(regexps, '^' .. v .. '$')
		end
	end

	-- loop over the parent args, and make sure they are on the list
	local ignoreblank = isnotempty(args['ignoreblank'])
	local showblankpos = isnotempty(args['showblankpositional'])
	local values = {}
	for k, v in pairs(pargs) do
		if type(k) == 'string' and knownargs[k] == nil then
			local knownflag = false
			for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do
				if mw.ustring.match(k, regexp) then
					knownflag = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not knownflag and ( not ignoreblank or isnotempty(v) )  then
				table.insert(values, clean(k))
			end
		elseif type(k) == 'number' and knownargs[tostring(k)] == nil then
			local knownflag = false
			for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do
				if mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), regexp) then
					knownflag = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not knownflag and ( showblankpos or isnotempty(v) ) then
				table.insert(values, k .. ' = ' .. clean(v))
			end
		end
	end

	-- add results to the output tables
	local res = {}
	if #values &gt; 0 then
		local unknown_text = args['unknown'] or 'Found _VALUE_, '

		if mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess( &quot;{{REVISIONID}}&quot; ) == &quot;&quot; then
			local preview_text = args['preview']
			if isnotempty(preview_text) then
				preview_text = require('Module:If preview')._warning({preview_text})
			elseif preview_text == nil then
				preview_text = unknown_text
			end
			unknown_text = preview_text
		end
		for _, v in pairs(values) do
			-- Fix odd bug for | = which gets stripped to the empty string and
			-- breaks category links
			if v == '' then v = ' ' end

			-- avoid error with v = 'example%2' (&quot;invalid capture index&quot;)
			local r = unknown_text:gsub('_VALUE_', {_VALUE_ = v})
			table.insert(res, r)
		end
	end

	return table.concat(res)
end

function p.check(frame)
	local args = frame.args
	local pargs = frame:getParent().args
	return p._check(args, pargs)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>pn8nxt3tzckni7xgmqn4wy1q5b5c05s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339267</id>
      <parentid>339266</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339266</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="4936" sha1="pn8nxt3tzckni7xgmqn4wy1q5b5c05s" xml:space="preserve">-- This module may be used to compare the arguments passed to the parent
-- with a list of arguments, returning a specified result if an argument is
-- not on the list

require ('strict');

local p = {}

local pushpin_map_params = {
	'coordinates',
	'pushpin_caption',
	'pushpin_relief',
	'pushpin_label',
	'pushpin_label_position',
	'pushpin_label_size',
	'pushpin_map',
	'pushpin_mark',
	'pushpin_mark_size',
	'pushpin_alt',
	'pushpin_background',
	'pushpin_map_size'
}

local mapframe_params = {
	'coordinates',
	'id',
	'qid',
	'mapframe',
	'mapframe-area_km2',
	'mapframe-area_mi2',
	'mapframe-caption',
	'mapframe-coord',
	'mapframe-coordinates',
	'mapframe-custom',
	'mapframe-frame-coord',
	'mapframe-frame-coordinates',
	'mapframe-frame-height',
	'mapframe-frame-width',
	'mapframe-geomask',
	'mapframe-geomask-fill',
	'mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity',
	'mapframe-geomask-stroke-color',
	'mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour',
	'mapframe-geomask-stroke-width',
	'mapframe-height',
	'mapframe-id',
	'mapframe-length_km',
	'mapframe-length_mi',
	'mapframe-line',
	'mapframe-line-stroke-color',
	'mapframe-line-stroke-colour',
	'mapframe-marker',
	'mapframe-marker-color',
	'mapframe-marker-colour',
	'mapframe-point',
	'mapframe-population',
	'mapframe-shape',
	'mapframe-shape-fill',
	'mapframe-shape-fill-opacity',
	'mapframe-shape-stroke-color',
	'mapframe-shape-stroke-colour',
	'mapframe-stroke-color',
	'mapframe-stroke-colour',
	'mapframe-stroke-width',
	'mapframe-switcher',
	'mapframe-type',
	'mapframe-width',
	'mapframe-wikidata',
	'mapframe-zoom'
}

local function trim(s)
	return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')
end

local function isnotempty(s)
	return s and s:match('%S')
end

local function clean(text)
	-- Return text cleaned for display and truncated if too long.
	-- Strip markers are replaced with dummy text representing the original wikitext.
	local pos, truncated
	local function truncate(text)
		if truncated then
			return ''
		end
		if mw.ustring.len(text) &gt; 25 then
			truncated = true
			text = mw.ustring.sub(text, 1, 25) .. '...'
		end
		return mw.text.nowiki(text)
	end
	local parts = {}
	for before, tag, remainder in text:gmatch('([^\127]*)\127[^\127]*%-(%l+)%-[^\127]*\127()') do
		pos = remainder
		table.insert(parts, truncate(before) .. '&amp;lt;' .. tag .. '&amp;gt;...&amp;lt;/' .. tag .. '&amp;gt;')
	end
	table.insert(parts, truncate(text:sub(pos or 1)))
	return table.concat(parts)
end

function p._check(args, pargs)
	if type(args) ~= &quot;table&quot; or type(pargs) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
		-- TODO: error handling
		return
	end

	-- create the list of known args, regular expressions, and the return string
	local knownargs = {}

	if isnotempty(args['mapframe_args']) then
		for _, v in ipairs(mapframe_params) do
			knownargs[v] = 1
		end
	end

	if isnotempty(args['pushpin_map_args']) then
		for _, v in ipairs(pushpin_map_params) do
			knownargs[v] = 1
		end
	end

	local regexps = {}
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		if type(k) == 'number' then
			v = trim(v)
			knownargs[v] = 1
		elseif k:find('^regexp[1-9][0-9]*$') then
			table.insert(regexps, '^' .. v .. '$')
		end
	end

	-- loop over the parent args, and make sure they are on the list
	local ignoreblank = isnotempty(args['ignoreblank'])
	local showblankpos = isnotempty(args['showblankpositional'])
	local values = {}
	for k, v in pairs(pargs) do
		if type(k) == 'string' and knownargs[k] == nil then
			local knownflag = false
			for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do
				if mw.ustring.match(k, regexp) then
					knownflag = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not knownflag and ( not ignoreblank or isnotempty(v) )  then
				table.insert(values, clean(k))
			end
		elseif type(k) == 'number' and knownargs[tostring(k)] == nil then
			local knownflag = false
			for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do
				if mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), regexp) then
					knownflag = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not knownflag and ( showblankpos or isnotempty(v) ) then
				table.insert(values, k .. ' = ' .. clean(v))
			end
		end
	end

	-- add results to the output tables
	local res = {}
	if #values &gt; 0 then
		local unknown_text = args['unknown'] or 'Found _VALUE_, '

		if mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess( &quot;{{REVISIONID}}&quot; ) == &quot;&quot; then
			local preview_text = args['preview']
			if isnotempty(preview_text) then
				preview_text = require('Module:If preview')._warning({preview_text})
			elseif preview_text == nil then
				preview_text = unknown_text
			end
			unknown_text = preview_text
		end
		for _, v in pairs(values) do
			-- Fix odd bug for | = which gets stripped to the empty string and
			-- breaks category links
			if v == '' then v = ' ' end

			-- avoid error with v = 'example%2' (&quot;invalid capture index&quot;)
			local r = unknown_text:gsub('_VALUE_', {_VALUE_ = v})
			table.insert(res, r)
		end
	end

	return table.concat(res)
end

function p.check(frame)
	local args = frame.args
	local pargs = frame:getParent().args
	return p._check(args, pargs)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>pn8nxt3tzckni7xgmqn4wy1q5b5c05s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>40684</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339262</id>
      <parentid>244148</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-01-17T19:25:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Trappist the monk</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>synch from sandbox;</comment>
      <origin>339262</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="4200" sha1="2wrho6o1q12cvwhaslan5n9g140q3wl" xml:space="preserve">/* Protection icon
the following line controls the page-protection icon in the upper right corner
it must remain within this comment
	{{sandbox other||{{pp-template}}}}

*/

/* Overrides
Some wikis do not override user agent default styles for HTML &lt;cite&gt; and &lt;q&gt;,
unlike en.wp. On en.wp, keep these the same as [[MediaWiki:Common.css]].

The word-wrap and :target styles were moved here from Common.css.
On en.wp, keep these the same as [[Template:Citation/styles.css]].
*/
cite.citation {
	font-style: inherit; /* Remove italics for &lt;cite&gt; */
	/* Break long urls, etc., rather than overflowing box */
	word-wrap: break-word;
}

.citation q {
	quotes: '&quot;' '&quot;' &quot;'&quot; &quot;'&quot;; /* Straight quote marks for &lt;q&gt; */
}

/* Highlight linked elements (such as clicked references) in blue */
.citation:target {
	/* ignore the linter - all browsers of interest implement this */
	background-color: rgba(0, 127, 255, 0.133);
}

/* ID and URL access
Both core and Common.css have selector .mw-parser-output a[href$=&quot;.pdf&quot;].external
for PDF pages. All TemplateStyles pages are hoisted to .mw-parser-output. We need
to have specificity equal to a[href$=&quot;.pdf&quot;].external for locks to override PDF icon.
That's essentially 2 classes and 1 element.

the .id-lock-... selectors are for use by non-citation templates like
{{Catalog lookup link}}

bg-size `contain` in Minerva and Timeless is too large, so we set a size for them
and then exclude them later
*/
.id-lock-free.id-lock-free a {
	background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg)
		right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat;
}

.id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,
.id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a {
	background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg)
		right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat;
}

.id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a {
	background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg)
		right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat;
}

/* Wikisource
Wikisource icon when |chapter= or |title= is wikilinked to Wikisource
as in cite wikisource
*/
.cs1-ws-icon a {
	background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg)
		right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat;
}

body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .id-lock-free a,
body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .id-lock-limited a,
body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .id-lock-registration a,
body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .id-lock-subscription a,
body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .cs1-ws-icon a {
	background-size: contain;
	/* Common.css has a padding set for PDF URLs. bg-contain expands to the
	 * size of the padding which makes the icons very large. we &quot;reset&quot; the
	 * padding here. 1em picked out of a hat based on console having a similar
	 * rule from elsewhere
	 */
	padding: 0 1em 0 0;
}

/* Errors and maintenance */
.cs1-code {
	/* &lt;code&gt;...&lt;/code&gt; style override: mediawiki's css definition is specified here:
	https://git.wikimedia.org/blob/mediawiki%2Fcore.git/
		69cd73811f7aadd093050dbf20ed70ef0b42a713/skins%2Fcommon%2FcommonElements.css#L199
	*/
	color: inherit;
	background: inherit;
	border: none;
	padding: inherit;
}

.cs1-hidden-error {
	display: none;
	color: var(--color-error, #bf3c2c);
}

.cs1-visible-error {
	color: var(--color-error, #bf3c2c);
}

.cs1-maint {
	display: none;
	color: #085;
	margin-left: 0.3em;
}

/* kerning */
.cs1-kern-left {
	padding-left: 0.2em;
}

.cs1-kern-right {
	padding-right: 0.2em;
}

/* selflinks – avoid bold font style when cs1|2 template links to the current page */
.citation .mw-selflink {
	font-weight: inherit;
}

@media screen {
	/* Small text size
	Set small text size in one place. 0.95 (here) * 0.9 (from references list) is
	~0.85, which is the lower bound for size for accessibility. Old styling for this
	was just 0.85. We could write the rule so that when this template is inside
	references/reflist, only then does it multiply by 0.95; else multiply by 0.85 */
	.cs1-format {
		font-size: 95%;
	}
	
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .cs1-maint {
		color: #18911f;
	}
}

@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .cs1-maint {
		color: #18911f;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>2wrho6o1q12cvwhaslan5n9g140q3wl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339263</id>
      <parentid>339262</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339262</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="4200" sha1="2wrho6o1q12cvwhaslan5n9g140q3wl" xml:space="preserve">/* Protection icon
the following line controls the page-protection icon in the upper right corner
it must remain within this comment
	{{sandbox other||{{pp-template}}}}

*/

/* Overrides
Some wikis do not override user agent default styles for HTML &lt;cite&gt; and &lt;q&gt;,
unlike en.wp. On en.wp, keep these the same as [[MediaWiki:Common.css]].

The word-wrap and :target styles were moved here from Common.css.
On en.wp, keep these the same as [[Template:Citation/styles.css]].
*/
cite.citation {
	font-style: inherit; /* Remove italics for &lt;cite&gt; */
	/* Break long urls, etc., rather than overflowing box */
	word-wrap: break-word;
}

.citation q {
	quotes: '&quot;' '&quot;' &quot;'&quot; &quot;'&quot;; /* Straight quote marks for &lt;q&gt; */
}

/* Highlight linked elements (such as clicked references) in blue */
.citation:target {
	/* ignore the linter - all browsers of interest implement this */
	background-color: rgba(0, 127, 255, 0.133);
}

/* ID and URL access
Both core and Common.css have selector .mw-parser-output a[href$=&quot;.pdf&quot;].external
for PDF pages. All TemplateStyles pages are hoisted to .mw-parser-output. We need
to have specificity equal to a[href$=&quot;.pdf&quot;].external for locks to override PDF icon.
That's essentially 2 classes and 1 element.

the .id-lock-... selectors are for use by non-citation templates like
{{Catalog lookup link}}

bg-size `contain` in Minerva and Timeless is too large, so we set a size for them
and then exclude them later
*/
.id-lock-free.id-lock-free a {
	background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg)
		right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat;
}

.id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,
.id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a {
	background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg)
		right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat;
}

.id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a {
	background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg)
		right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat;
}

/* Wikisource
Wikisource icon when |chapter= or |title= is wikilinked to Wikisource
as in cite wikisource
*/
.cs1-ws-icon a {
	background: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg)
		right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat;
}

body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .id-lock-free a,
body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .id-lock-limited a,
body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .id-lock-registration a,
body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .id-lock-subscription a,
body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .cs1-ws-icon a {
	background-size: contain;
	/* Common.css has a padding set for PDF URLs. bg-contain expands to the
	 * size of the padding which makes the icons very large. we &quot;reset&quot; the
	 * padding here. 1em picked out of a hat based on console having a similar
	 * rule from elsewhere
	 */
	padding: 0 1em 0 0;
}

/* Errors and maintenance */
.cs1-code {
	/* &lt;code&gt;...&lt;/code&gt; style override: mediawiki's css definition is specified here:
	https://git.wikimedia.org/blob/mediawiki%2Fcore.git/
		69cd73811f7aadd093050dbf20ed70ef0b42a713/skins%2Fcommon%2FcommonElements.css#L199
	*/
	color: inherit;
	background: inherit;
	border: none;
	padding: inherit;
}

.cs1-hidden-error {
	display: none;
	color: var(--color-error, #bf3c2c);
}

.cs1-visible-error {
	color: var(--color-error, #bf3c2c);
}

.cs1-maint {
	display: none;
	color: #085;
	margin-left: 0.3em;
}

/* kerning */
.cs1-kern-left {
	padding-left: 0.2em;
}

.cs1-kern-right {
	padding-right: 0.2em;
}

/* selflinks – avoid bold font style when cs1|2 template links to the current page */
.citation .mw-selflink {
	font-weight: inherit;
}

@media screen {
	/* Small text size
	Set small text size in one place. 0.95 (here) * 0.9 (from references list) is
	~0.85, which is the lower bound for size for accessibility. Old styling for this
	was just 0.85. We could write the rule so that when this template is inside
	references/reflist, only then does it multiply by 0.95; else multiply by 0.85 */
	.cs1-format {
		font-size: 95%;
	}
	
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .cs1-maint {
		color: #18911f;
	}
}

@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .cs1-maint {
		color: #18911f;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>2wrho6o1q12cvwhaslan5n9g140q3wl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/COinS</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>40685</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339260</id>
      <parentid>258899</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:56:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Trappist the monk</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>synch from sandbox;</comment>
      <origin>339260</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="16751" sha1="eu68irewi9gjrldmcpvk6z9cf3rs6jt" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, remove_wiki_link, strip_apostrophe_markup;	-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities

local cfg;																		-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ C O I N S _ T I T L E &gt;----------------------------------------------

Makes a title for COinS from Title and / or ScriptTitle (or any other name-script pairs)

Apostrophe markup (bold, italics) is stripped from each value so that the COinS metadata isn't corrupted with strings
of %27%27...

]]

local function make_coins_title (title, script)
	title = has_accept_as_written (title);
	if is_set (title) then
		title = strip_apostrophe_markup (title);								-- strip any apostrophe markup
	else
		title = '';																-- if not set, make sure title is an empty string
	end
	if is_set (script) then
		script = script:gsub ('^%l%l%s*:%s*', '');								-- remove language prefix if present (script value may now be empty string)
		script = strip_apostrophe_markup (script);								-- strip any apostrophe markup
	else
		script = '';															-- if not set, make sure script is an empty string
	end
	if is_set (title) and is_set (script) then
		script = ' ' .. script;													-- add a space before we concatenate
	end
	return title .. script;														-- return the concatenation
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E S C A P E _ L U A _ M A G I C _ C H A R S &gt;----------------------------------

Returns a string where all of Lua's magic characters have been escaped.  This is important because functions like
string.gsub() treat their pattern and replace strings as patterns, not literal strings.
]]

local function escape_lua_magic_chars (argument)
	argument = argument:gsub(&quot;%%&quot;, &quot;%%%%&quot;);										-- replace % with %%
	argument = argument:gsub(&quot;([%^%$%(%)%.%[%]%*%+%-%?])&quot;, &quot;%%%1&quot;);				-- replace all other Lua magic pattern characters
	return argument;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ C O I N S _ P A G E S &gt;------------------------------------------------

Extract page numbers from external wikilinks in any of the |page=, |pages=, or |at= parameters for use in COinS.

]]

local function get_coins_pages (pages)
	local pattern;
	if not is_set (pages) then return pages; end								-- if no page numbers then we're done
	
	while true do
		pattern = pages:match(&quot;%[(%w*:?//[^ ]+%s+)[%w%d].*%]&quot;);					-- pattern is the opening bracket, the URL and following space(s): &quot;[url &quot;
		if nil == pattern then break; end										-- no more URLs
		pattern = escape_lua_magic_chars (pattern);								-- pattern is not a literal string; escape Lua's magic pattern characters
		pages = pages:gsub(pattern, &quot;&quot;);										-- remove as many instances of pattern as possible
	end
	
	pages = pages:gsub(&quot;[%[%]]&quot;, &quot;&quot;);											-- remove the brackets
	pages = pages:gsub(&quot;–&quot;, &quot;-&quot; );												-- replace endashes with hyphens
	pages = pages:gsub(&quot;&amp;%w+;&quot;, &quot;-&quot; );											-- and replace HTML entities (&amp;ndash; etc.) with hyphens; do we need to replace numerical entities like &amp;#32; and the like?
	pages = pages:gsub ('%b&lt;&gt;', '');											-- remove html-like tags; spans are added to &lt;Pages&gt; by utilities.hyphen_to_dash() which should not appear in COinS metadata
	return pages;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; C O I N S _ R E P L A C E _ M A T H _ S T R I P M A R K E R &gt;------------------

There are three options for math markup rendering that depend on the editor's math preference settings.  These
settings are at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering]] and are
	PNG images
	TeX source
	MathML with SVG or PNG fallback

All three are heavy with HTML and CSS which doesn't belong in the metadata.

Without this function, the metadata saved in the raw wikitext contained the rendering determined by the settings
of the last editor to save the page.

This function gets the rendered form of an equation according to the editor's preference before the page is saved.  It
then searches the rendering for the text equivalent of the rendered equation and replaces the rendering with that so
that the page is saved without extraneous HTML/CSS markup and with a reasonably readable text form of the equation.

When a replacement is made, this function returns true and the value with replacement; otherwise false and the initial
value.  To replace multipe equations it is necessary to call this function from within a loop.

]=]

local function coins_replace_math_stripmarker (value)
	local stripmarker = cfg.stripmarkers['math'];
	local rendering = value:match (stripmarker);								-- is there a math stripmarker

	if not rendering then														-- when value doesn't have a math stripmarker, abandon this test
		return false, value;
	end
	
	rendering = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (rendering);								-- convert stripmarker into rendered value (or nil? ''? when math render error)
	
	if rendering:match ('alt=&quot;[^&quot;]+&quot;') then										-- if PNG math option
		rendering = rendering:match ('alt=&quot;([^&quot;]+)&quot;');							-- extract just the math text
	elseif rendering:match ('$%s+.+%s+%$') then									-- if TeX math option; $ is legit character that is escapes as \$
		rendering = rendering:match ('$%s+(.+)%s+%$')							-- extract just the math text
	elseif rendering:match ('&lt;annotation[^&gt;]+&gt;.+&lt;/annotation&gt;') then			-- if MathML math option
		rendering = rendering:match ('&lt;annotation[^&gt;]+&gt;(.+)&lt;/annotation&gt;')		-- extract just the math text
	else
		return false, value;													-- had math stripmarker but not one of the three defined forms
	end
	
	return true, value:gsub (stripmarker, rendering, 1);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C O I N S _ C L E A N U P &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Cleanup parameter values for the metadata by removing or replacing invisible characters and certain HTML entities.

2015-12-10: there is a bug in mw.text.unstripNoWiki ().  It replaces math stripmarkers with the appropriate content
when it shouldn't.  See https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121085 and Wikipedia_talk:Lua#stripmarkers_and_mw.text.unstripNoWiki.28.29

TODO: move the replacement patterns and replacement values into a table in /Configuration similar to the invisible
characters table?

]]

local function coins_cleanup (value)
	local replaced = true;														-- default state to get the do loop running

	while replaced do															-- loop until all math stripmarkers replaced
		replaced, value = coins_replace_math_stripmarker (value);				-- replace math stripmarker with text representation of the equation
	end

	value = value:gsub (cfg.stripmarkers['math'], &quot;MATH RENDER ERROR&quot;);			-- one or more couldn't be replaced; insert vague error message
	
	value = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (value);										-- replace nowiki stripmarkers with their content
	value = value:gsub ('&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;padding%-left:0%.1em;&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;(s?)&lt;/span&gt;', &quot;'%1&quot;);	-- replace {{'}} or {{'s}} with simple apostrophe or apostrophe-s
	value = value:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;', ' ');											-- replace &amp;nbsp; entity with plain space
	value = value:gsub ('\226\128\138', ' ');									-- replace hair space with plain space
	if not mw.ustring.find (value, cfg.indic_script) then						-- don't remove zero-width joiner characters from indic script
		value = value:gsub ('&amp;zwj;', '');										-- remove &amp;zwj; entities
		value = mw.ustring.gsub (value, '[\226\128\141\226\128\139\194\173]', '');	-- remove zero-width joiner, zero-width space, soft hyphen
	end
	value = value:gsub ('[\009\010\013 ]+', ' ');								-- replace horizontal tab, line feed, carriage return with plain space
	return value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C O I N S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

COinS metadata (see &lt;http://ocoins.info/&gt;) allows automated tools to parse the citation information.

]]

local function COinS(data, class)
	if 'table' ~= type(data) or nil == next(data) then
		return '';
	end

	for k, v in pairs (data) do													-- spin through all of the metadata parameter values
		if 'ID_list' ~= k and 'Authors' ~= k then								-- except the ID_list and Author tables (author nowiki stripmarker done when Author table processed)
			data[k] = coins_cleanup (v);
		end
	end

	local ctx_ver = &quot;Z39.88-2004&quot;;
	
	-- treat table strictly as an array with only set values.
	local OCinSoutput = setmetatable( {}, {
		__newindex = function(self, key, value)
			if is_set(value) then
				rawset( self, #self+1, table.concat{ key, '=', mw.uri.encode( remove_wiki_link( value ) ) } );
			end
		end
	});
	
	if in_array (class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn', 'journal', 'news', 'magazine'}) or
		(in_array (class, {'conference', 'interview', 'map', 'press release', 'web'}) and is_set(data.Periodical)) or
		('citation' == class and is_set(data.Periodical) and not is_set (data.Encyclopedia)) then
			OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&quot;;			-- journal metadata identifier
			if in_array (class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) then	-- set genre according to the type of citation template we are rendering
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;preprint&quot;;							-- cite arxiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, cite ssrn
			elseif 'conference' == class then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;conference&quot;;						-- cite conference (when Periodical set)
			elseif 'web' == class then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;unknown&quot;;							-- cite web (when Periodical set)
			else
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;article&quot;;							-- journal and other 'periodical' articles
			end
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.jtitle&quot;] = data.Periodical;						-- journal only
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.atitle&quot;] = data.Title;								-- 'periodical' article titles

																				-- these used only for periodicals
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.ssn&quot;] = data.Season;								-- keywords: winter, spring, summer, fall
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.quarter&quot;] = data.Quarter;							-- single digits 1-&gt;first quarter, etc.
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.chron&quot;] = data.Chron;								-- free-form date components
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.volume&quot;] = data.Volume;							-- does not apply to books
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.issue&quot;] = data.Issue;
			OCinSoutput['rft.artnum'] = data.ArticleNumber;						-- {{cite journal}} only
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.pages&quot;] = data.Pages;								-- also used in book metadata

	elseif 'thesis' ~= class then												-- all others except cite thesis are treated as 'book' metadata; genre distinguishes
		OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&quot;;					-- book metadata identifier
		if 'report' == class or 'techreport' == class then						-- cite report and cite techreport
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;report&quot;;
		elseif 'conference' == class then										-- cite conference when Periodical not set
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;conference&quot;;
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.atitle&quot;] = data.Chapter;							-- conference paper as chapter in proceedings (book)
		elseif in_array (class, {'book', 'citation', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'map'}) then
			if is_set (data.Chapter) then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;bookitem&quot;;
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.atitle&quot;] = data.Chapter;						-- book chapter, encyclopedia article, interview in a book, or map title
			else
				if 'map' == class or 'interview' == class then
					OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = 'unknown';						-- standalone map or interview
				else
					OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = 'book';							-- book and encyclopedia
				end
			end
		else	-- {'audio-visual', 'AV-media-notes', 'DVD-notes', 'episode', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'press release', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech', 'web'}
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;unknown&quot;;
		end
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.btitle&quot;] = data.Title;									-- book only
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.place&quot;] = data.PublicationPlace;						-- book only
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.series&quot;] = data.Series;								-- book only
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.pages&quot;] = data.Pages;									-- book, journal
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.edition&quot;] = data.Edition;								-- book only
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.pub&quot;] = data.PublisherName;							-- book and dissertation
		
	else																		-- cite thesis
		OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&quot;;			-- dissertation metadata identifier
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.title&quot;] = data.Title;									-- dissertation (also patent but that is not yet supported)
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.degree&quot;] = data.Degree;								-- dissertation only
		OCinSoutput['rft.inst'] = data.PublisherName;							-- book and dissertation
	end
	-- NB. Not currently supported are &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&quot;, &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dc&quot;, &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:sch_svc&quot;, &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&quot;
																				-- and now common parameters (as much as possible)
	OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.date&quot;] = data.Date;										-- book, journal, dissertation

	for k, v in pairs( data.ID_list ) do										-- what to do about these? For now assume that they are common to all?
		if k == 'ISBN' then v = v:gsub( &quot;[^-0-9X]&quot;, &quot;&quot; ); end
		local id = cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS;
		if string.sub( id or &quot;&quot;, 1, 4 ) == 'info' then							-- for ids that are in the info:registry
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft_id&quot;] = table.concat{ id, &quot;/&quot;, v };
		elseif string.sub (id or &quot;&quot;, 1, 3 ) == 'rft' then						-- for isbn, issn, eissn, etc. that have defined COinS keywords
			OCinSoutput[ id ] = v;
		elseif 'url' == id then													-- for urls that are assembled in ~/Identifiers; |asin= and |ol=
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft_id&quot;] = table.concat ({data.ID_list[k], &quot;#id-name=&quot;, cfg.id_handlers[k].label});
		elseif id then															-- when cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS is not nil so urls created here
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft_id&quot;] = table.concat{ cfg.id_handlers[k].prefix, v, cfg.id_handlers[k].suffix or '', &quot;#id-name=&quot;, cfg.id_handlers[k].label };	-- others; provide a URL and indicate identifier name as #fragment (human-readable, but transparent to browsers)
		end
	end

	local last, first;
	for k, v in ipairs( data.Authors ) do
		last, first = coins_cleanup (v.last), coins_cleanup (v.first or '');	-- replace any nowiki stripmarkers, non-printing or invisible characters
		if k == 1 then															-- for the first author name only
			if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then								-- set these COinS values if |first= and |last= specify the first author name
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.aulast&quot;] = last;								-- book, journal, dissertation
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.aufirst&quot;] = first;								-- book, journal, dissertation
			elseif is_set(last) then 
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.au&quot;] = last;									-- book, journal, dissertation -- otherwise use this form for the first name
			end
		else																	-- for all other authors
			if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.au&quot;] = table.concat{ last, &quot;, &quot;, first };		-- book, journal, dissertation
			elseif is_set(last) then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.au&quot;] = last;									-- book, journal, dissertation
			end
			-- TODO: At present we do not report &quot;et al.&quot;. Add anything special if this condition applies?
		end
	end

	OCinSoutput.rft_id = data.URL;
	OCinSoutput.rfr_id = table.concat{ &quot;info:sid/&quot;, string.match (mw.site.server, &quot;[^/]*$&quot; ), &quot;:&quot;, data.RawPage };

	-- TODO: Add optional extra info:
	-- rfr_dat=#REVISION&lt;version&gt; (referrer private data)
	-- ctx_id=&lt;data.RawPage&gt;#&lt;ref&gt; (identifier for the context object)
	-- ctx_tim=&lt;ts&gt; (timestamp in format yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssTZD or yyyy-mm-dd)
	-- ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8 (character encoding)
	
	OCinSoutput = setmetatable( OCinSoutput, nil );

	-- sort with version string always first, and combine.
	-- table.sort( OCinSoutput );
	table.insert( OCinSoutput, 1, &quot;ctx_ver=&quot; .. ctx_ver ); -- such as &quot;Z39.88-2004&quot;
	return table.concat(OCinSoutput, &quot;&amp;&quot;);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local cfg table and imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr)
	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;

	has_accept_as_written = utilities_page_ptr.has_accept_as_written;			-- import functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module
	is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set;
	in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array;
	remove_wiki_link = utilities_page_ptr.remove_wiki_link;
	strip_apostrophe_markup = utilities_page_ptr.strip_apostrophe_markup;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	make_coins_title = make_coins_title,
	get_coins_pages = get_coins_pages,
	COinS = COinS,
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules,
	}</text>
      <sha1>eu68irewi9gjrldmcpvk6z9cf3rs6jt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339261</id>
      <parentid>339260</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/COinS]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339260</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="16751" sha1="eu68irewi9gjrldmcpvk6z9cf3rs6jt" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, remove_wiki_link, strip_apostrophe_markup;	-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities

local cfg;																		-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ C O I N S _ T I T L E &gt;----------------------------------------------

Makes a title for COinS from Title and / or ScriptTitle (or any other name-script pairs)

Apostrophe markup (bold, italics) is stripped from each value so that the COinS metadata isn't corrupted with strings
of %27%27...

]]

local function make_coins_title (title, script)
	title = has_accept_as_written (title);
	if is_set (title) then
		title = strip_apostrophe_markup (title);								-- strip any apostrophe markup
	else
		title = '';																-- if not set, make sure title is an empty string
	end
	if is_set (script) then
		script = script:gsub ('^%l%l%s*:%s*', '');								-- remove language prefix if present (script value may now be empty string)
		script = strip_apostrophe_markup (script);								-- strip any apostrophe markup
	else
		script = '';															-- if not set, make sure script is an empty string
	end
	if is_set (title) and is_set (script) then
		script = ' ' .. script;													-- add a space before we concatenate
	end
	return title .. script;														-- return the concatenation
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E S C A P E _ L U A _ M A G I C _ C H A R S &gt;----------------------------------

Returns a string where all of Lua's magic characters have been escaped.  This is important because functions like
string.gsub() treat their pattern and replace strings as patterns, not literal strings.
]]

local function escape_lua_magic_chars (argument)
	argument = argument:gsub(&quot;%%&quot;, &quot;%%%%&quot;);										-- replace % with %%
	argument = argument:gsub(&quot;([%^%$%(%)%.%[%]%*%+%-%?])&quot;, &quot;%%%1&quot;);				-- replace all other Lua magic pattern characters
	return argument;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ C O I N S _ P A G E S &gt;------------------------------------------------

Extract page numbers from external wikilinks in any of the |page=, |pages=, or |at= parameters for use in COinS.

]]

local function get_coins_pages (pages)
	local pattern;
	if not is_set (pages) then return pages; end								-- if no page numbers then we're done
	
	while true do
		pattern = pages:match(&quot;%[(%w*:?//[^ ]+%s+)[%w%d].*%]&quot;);					-- pattern is the opening bracket, the URL and following space(s): &quot;[url &quot;
		if nil == pattern then break; end										-- no more URLs
		pattern = escape_lua_magic_chars (pattern);								-- pattern is not a literal string; escape Lua's magic pattern characters
		pages = pages:gsub(pattern, &quot;&quot;);										-- remove as many instances of pattern as possible
	end
	
	pages = pages:gsub(&quot;[%[%]]&quot;, &quot;&quot;);											-- remove the brackets
	pages = pages:gsub(&quot;–&quot;, &quot;-&quot; );												-- replace endashes with hyphens
	pages = pages:gsub(&quot;&amp;%w+;&quot;, &quot;-&quot; );											-- and replace HTML entities (&amp;ndash; etc.) with hyphens; do we need to replace numerical entities like &amp;#32; and the like?
	pages = pages:gsub ('%b&lt;&gt;', '');											-- remove html-like tags; spans are added to &lt;Pages&gt; by utilities.hyphen_to_dash() which should not appear in COinS metadata
	return pages;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; C O I N S _ R E P L A C E _ M A T H _ S T R I P M A R K E R &gt;------------------

There are three options for math markup rendering that depend on the editor's math preference settings.  These
settings are at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering]] and are
	PNG images
	TeX source
	MathML with SVG or PNG fallback

All three are heavy with HTML and CSS which doesn't belong in the metadata.

Without this function, the metadata saved in the raw wikitext contained the rendering determined by the settings
of the last editor to save the page.

This function gets the rendered form of an equation according to the editor's preference before the page is saved.  It
then searches the rendering for the text equivalent of the rendered equation and replaces the rendering with that so
that the page is saved without extraneous HTML/CSS markup and with a reasonably readable text form of the equation.

When a replacement is made, this function returns true and the value with replacement; otherwise false and the initial
value.  To replace multipe equations it is necessary to call this function from within a loop.

]=]

local function coins_replace_math_stripmarker (value)
	local stripmarker = cfg.stripmarkers['math'];
	local rendering = value:match (stripmarker);								-- is there a math stripmarker

	if not rendering then														-- when value doesn't have a math stripmarker, abandon this test
		return false, value;
	end
	
	rendering = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (rendering);								-- convert stripmarker into rendered value (or nil? ''? when math render error)
	
	if rendering:match ('alt=&quot;[^&quot;]+&quot;') then										-- if PNG math option
		rendering = rendering:match ('alt=&quot;([^&quot;]+)&quot;');							-- extract just the math text
	elseif rendering:match ('$%s+.+%s+%$') then									-- if TeX math option; $ is legit character that is escapes as \$
		rendering = rendering:match ('$%s+(.+)%s+%$')							-- extract just the math text
	elseif rendering:match ('&lt;annotation[^&gt;]+&gt;.+&lt;/annotation&gt;') then			-- if MathML math option
		rendering = rendering:match ('&lt;annotation[^&gt;]+&gt;(.+)&lt;/annotation&gt;')		-- extract just the math text
	else
		return false, value;													-- had math stripmarker but not one of the three defined forms
	end
	
	return true, value:gsub (stripmarker, rendering, 1);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C O I N S _ C L E A N U P &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Cleanup parameter values for the metadata by removing or replacing invisible characters and certain HTML entities.

2015-12-10: there is a bug in mw.text.unstripNoWiki ().  It replaces math stripmarkers with the appropriate content
when it shouldn't.  See https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121085 and Wikipedia_talk:Lua#stripmarkers_and_mw.text.unstripNoWiki.28.29

TODO: move the replacement patterns and replacement values into a table in /Configuration similar to the invisible
characters table?

]]

local function coins_cleanup (value)
	local replaced = true;														-- default state to get the do loop running

	while replaced do															-- loop until all math stripmarkers replaced
		replaced, value = coins_replace_math_stripmarker (value);				-- replace math stripmarker with text representation of the equation
	end

	value = value:gsub (cfg.stripmarkers['math'], &quot;MATH RENDER ERROR&quot;);			-- one or more couldn't be replaced; insert vague error message
	
	value = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (value);										-- replace nowiki stripmarkers with their content
	value = value:gsub ('&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;padding%-left:0%.1em;&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;(s?)&lt;/span&gt;', &quot;'%1&quot;);	-- replace {{'}} or {{'s}} with simple apostrophe or apostrophe-s
	value = value:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;', ' ');											-- replace &amp;nbsp; entity with plain space
	value = value:gsub ('\226\128\138', ' ');									-- replace hair space with plain space
	if not mw.ustring.find (value, cfg.indic_script) then						-- don't remove zero-width joiner characters from indic script
		value = value:gsub ('&amp;zwj;', '');										-- remove &amp;zwj; entities
		value = mw.ustring.gsub (value, '[\226\128\141\226\128\139\194\173]', '');	-- remove zero-width joiner, zero-width space, soft hyphen
	end
	value = value:gsub ('[\009\010\013 ]+', ' ');								-- replace horizontal tab, line feed, carriage return with plain space
	return value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C O I N S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

COinS metadata (see &lt;http://ocoins.info/&gt;) allows automated tools to parse the citation information.

]]

local function COinS(data, class)
	if 'table' ~= type(data) or nil == next(data) then
		return '';
	end

	for k, v in pairs (data) do													-- spin through all of the metadata parameter values
		if 'ID_list' ~= k and 'Authors' ~= k then								-- except the ID_list and Author tables (author nowiki stripmarker done when Author table processed)
			data[k] = coins_cleanup (v);
		end
	end

	local ctx_ver = &quot;Z39.88-2004&quot;;
	
	-- treat table strictly as an array with only set values.
	local OCinSoutput = setmetatable( {}, {
		__newindex = function(self, key, value)
			if is_set(value) then
				rawset( self, #self+1, table.concat{ key, '=', mw.uri.encode( remove_wiki_link( value ) ) } );
			end
		end
	});
	
	if in_array (class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn', 'journal', 'news', 'magazine'}) or
		(in_array (class, {'conference', 'interview', 'map', 'press release', 'web'}) and is_set(data.Periodical)) or
		('citation' == class and is_set(data.Periodical) and not is_set (data.Encyclopedia)) then
			OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&quot;;			-- journal metadata identifier
			if in_array (class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) then	-- set genre according to the type of citation template we are rendering
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;preprint&quot;;							-- cite arxiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, cite ssrn
			elseif 'conference' == class then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;conference&quot;;						-- cite conference (when Periodical set)
			elseif 'web' == class then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;unknown&quot;;							-- cite web (when Periodical set)
			else
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;article&quot;;							-- journal and other 'periodical' articles
			end
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.jtitle&quot;] = data.Periodical;						-- journal only
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.atitle&quot;] = data.Title;								-- 'periodical' article titles

																				-- these used only for periodicals
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.ssn&quot;] = data.Season;								-- keywords: winter, spring, summer, fall
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.quarter&quot;] = data.Quarter;							-- single digits 1-&gt;first quarter, etc.
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.chron&quot;] = data.Chron;								-- free-form date components
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.volume&quot;] = data.Volume;							-- does not apply to books
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.issue&quot;] = data.Issue;
			OCinSoutput['rft.artnum'] = data.ArticleNumber;						-- {{cite journal}} only
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.pages&quot;] = data.Pages;								-- also used in book metadata

	elseif 'thesis' ~= class then												-- all others except cite thesis are treated as 'book' metadata; genre distinguishes
		OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&quot;;					-- book metadata identifier
		if 'report' == class or 'techreport' == class then						-- cite report and cite techreport
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;report&quot;;
		elseif 'conference' == class then										-- cite conference when Periodical not set
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;conference&quot;;
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.atitle&quot;] = data.Chapter;							-- conference paper as chapter in proceedings (book)
		elseif in_array (class, {'book', 'citation', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'map'}) then
			if is_set (data.Chapter) then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;bookitem&quot;;
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.atitle&quot;] = data.Chapter;						-- book chapter, encyclopedia article, interview in a book, or map title
			else
				if 'map' == class or 'interview' == class then
					OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = 'unknown';						-- standalone map or interview
				else
					OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = 'book';							-- book and encyclopedia
				end
			end
		else	-- {'audio-visual', 'AV-media-notes', 'DVD-notes', 'episode', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'press release', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech', 'web'}
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;unknown&quot;;
		end
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.btitle&quot;] = data.Title;									-- book only
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.place&quot;] = data.PublicationPlace;						-- book only
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.series&quot;] = data.Series;								-- book only
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.pages&quot;] = data.Pages;									-- book, journal
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.edition&quot;] = data.Edition;								-- book only
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.pub&quot;] = data.PublisherName;							-- book and dissertation
		
	else																		-- cite thesis
		OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&quot;;			-- dissertation metadata identifier
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.title&quot;] = data.Title;									-- dissertation (also patent but that is not yet supported)
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.degree&quot;] = data.Degree;								-- dissertation only
		OCinSoutput['rft.inst'] = data.PublisherName;							-- book and dissertation
	end
	-- NB. Not currently supported are &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&quot;, &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dc&quot;, &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:sch_svc&quot;, &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&quot;
																				-- and now common parameters (as much as possible)
	OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.date&quot;] = data.Date;										-- book, journal, dissertation

	for k, v in pairs( data.ID_list ) do										-- what to do about these? For now assume that they are common to all?
		if k == 'ISBN' then v = v:gsub( &quot;[^-0-9X]&quot;, &quot;&quot; ); end
		local id = cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS;
		if string.sub( id or &quot;&quot;, 1, 4 ) == 'info' then							-- for ids that are in the info:registry
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft_id&quot;] = table.concat{ id, &quot;/&quot;, v };
		elseif string.sub (id or &quot;&quot;, 1, 3 ) == 'rft' then						-- for isbn, issn, eissn, etc. that have defined COinS keywords
			OCinSoutput[ id ] = v;
		elseif 'url' == id then													-- for urls that are assembled in ~/Identifiers; |asin= and |ol=
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft_id&quot;] = table.concat ({data.ID_list[k], &quot;#id-name=&quot;, cfg.id_handlers[k].label});
		elseif id then															-- when cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS is not nil so urls created here
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft_id&quot;] = table.concat{ cfg.id_handlers[k].prefix, v, cfg.id_handlers[k].suffix or '', &quot;#id-name=&quot;, cfg.id_handlers[k].label };	-- others; provide a URL and indicate identifier name as #fragment (human-readable, but transparent to browsers)
		end
	end

	local last, first;
	for k, v in ipairs( data.Authors ) do
		last, first = coins_cleanup (v.last), coins_cleanup (v.first or '');	-- replace any nowiki stripmarkers, non-printing or invisible characters
		if k == 1 then															-- for the first author name only
			if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then								-- set these COinS values if |first= and |last= specify the first author name
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.aulast&quot;] = last;								-- book, journal, dissertation
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.aufirst&quot;] = first;								-- book, journal, dissertation
			elseif is_set(last) then 
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.au&quot;] = last;									-- book, journal, dissertation -- otherwise use this form for the first name
			end
		else																	-- for all other authors
			if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.au&quot;] = table.concat{ last, &quot;, &quot;, first };		-- book, journal, dissertation
			elseif is_set(last) then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.au&quot;] = last;									-- book, journal, dissertation
			end
			-- TODO: At present we do not report &quot;et al.&quot;. Add anything special if this condition applies?
		end
	end

	OCinSoutput.rft_id = data.URL;
	OCinSoutput.rfr_id = table.concat{ &quot;info:sid/&quot;, string.match (mw.site.server, &quot;[^/]*$&quot; ), &quot;:&quot;, data.RawPage };

	-- TODO: Add optional extra info:
	-- rfr_dat=#REVISION&lt;version&gt; (referrer private data)
	-- ctx_id=&lt;data.RawPage&gt;#&lt;ref&gt; (identifier for the context object)
	-- ctx_tim=&lt;ts&gt; (timestamp in format yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssTZD or yyyy-mm-dd)
	-- ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8 (character encoding)
	
	OCinSoutput = setmetatable( OCinSoutput, nil );

	-- sort with version string always first, and combine.
	-- table.sort( OCinSoutput );
	table.insert( OCinSoutput, 1, &quot;ctx_ver=&quot; .. ctx_ver ); -- such as &quot;Z39.88-2004&quot;
	return table.concat(OCinSoutput, &quot;&amp;&quot;);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local cfg table and imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr)
	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;

	has_accept_as_written = utilities_page_ptr.has_accept_as_written;			-- import functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module
	is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set;
	in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array;
	remove_wiki_link = utilities_page_ptr.remove_wiki_link;
	strip_apostrophe_markup = utilities_page_ptr.strip_apostrophe_markup;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	make_coins_title = make_coins_title,
	get_coins_pages = get_coins_pages,
	COinS = COinS,
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules,
	}</text>
      <sha1>eu68irewi9gjrldmcpvk6z9cf3rs6jt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>40686</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339250</id>
      <parentid>258895</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-11T19:05:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Trappist the monk</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>synch from sandbox;</comment>
      <origin>339250</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="133249" sha1="e7w2jpc8m3hf485c54y7d0wmq4zi17p" xml:space="preserve">local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage();										-- make a language object for the local language; used here for languages and dates 


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T T I N G S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

boolean settings used to control various things.  these setting located here to make them easy to find

]]
																				-- these settings local to this module only
local local_digits_from_mediawiki = false;										-- for i18n; when true, module fills date_names['local_digits'] from MediaWiki; manual fill required else; always false at en.wiki

																				-- these settings exported to other modules
local use_identifier_redirects = true;											-- when true use redirect name for identifier label links; always true at en.wiki
local local_lang_cat_enable = false;											-- when true categorizes pages where |language=&lt;local wiki's language&gt;; always false at en.wiki
local date_name_auto_xlate_enable = false;										-- when true translates English month-names to the local-wiki's language month names; always false at en.wiki
local date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = false;										-- when true translates Western date digit to the local-wiki's language digits (date_names['local_digits']); always false at en.wiki
local enable_sort_keys = true;													-- when true module adds namespace sort keys to error and maintenance category links

local suppress_archive_today_urls = true;										-- when true module suppresses all parameters with an archive.today url and any deprendent parameters

--[[--------------------------&lt; U N C A T E G O R I Z E D _ N A M E S P A C E S &gt;------------------------------

List of namespaces identifiers for namespaces that will not be included in citation error categories.
Same as setting notracking = true by default.

For wikis that have a current version of Module:cs1 documentation support, this #invoke will return an unordered
list of namespace names and their associated identifiers:
	{{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|uncategorized_namespace_lister|all=&lt;anything&gt;}}

]]

local uncategorized_namespaces_t = {[2]=true};										-- init with user namespace id
for k, _ in pairs (mw.site.talkNamespaces) do									-- add all talk namespace ids
	uncategorized_namespaces_t[k] = true;
end

local uncategorized_subpages = {'/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases', '/[^/]*[Ll]og', '/[Aa]rchive'};		-- list of Lua patterns found in page names of pages we should not categorize

--[[
at en.wiki Greek characters are used as sort keys for certain items in a category so that those items are
placed at the end of a category page.  See Wikipedia:Categorization#Sort_keys.  That works well for en.wiki
because English is written using the Latn script.  This may not work well for other languages.  At en.wiki it
is desireable to place content from certain namespaces at the end of a category listing so the module adds sort
keys to error and maintenance category links when rendering a cs1|2 template on a page in that namespace.

i18n: if this does not work well for your language, set &lt;enable_sort_keys&gt; to false.
]]

local name_space_sort_keys = {													-- sort keys to be used with these namespaces:
	[4] = 'ω',																	-- wikipedia; omega
	[10] = 'τ',																	-- template; tau
	[118] = 'Δ', 																-- draft; delta
	['other'] = 'ο',															-- all other non-talk namespaces except main (article); omicron
	}

--[[--------------------------&lt; M E S S A G E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Translation table

The following contains fixed text that may be output as part of a citation.
This is separated from the main body to aid in future translations of this
module.

]]

local messages = {
	['agency'] = '$1 $2',														-- $1 is sepc, $2 is agency
	['archived-dead'] = 'Archived from $1 on $2',
	['archived-live'] = '$1 from the original on $2',
	['archived-unfit'] = 'Archived from the original on $1',
	['archived'] = 'Archived',
	['by'] = 'By',																-- contributions to authored works: introduction, foreword, afterword
	['cartography'] = 'Cartography by $1',
	['collaboration'] = '$1 ($2)',												-- $1 is author with et al, $2 is collaboration
	['editor'] = 'ed.',
	['editors'] = 'eds.',
	['edition'] = '($1&amp;nbsp;ed.)',
	['episode'] = 'Episode $1',
	['et al'] = 'et&amp;nbsp;al.',
	['in'] = 'In',																-- edited works
	['inactive'] = ' (inactive $1)',											-- $1 is date which the doi was found to be broken in 
	['inset'] = '$1 inset',
	['interview'] = 'Interviewed by $1',
	invisible_1 = '$1 $2',														-- $1 stripmarker name; $2 is text from &lt;invisible_chars[1]&gt;
	invisible_2 = '$1 character',												-- $1 character name from &lt;invisible_chars[1]&gt;
	['mismatch'] = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt; mismatch',	-- $1 is year param name; $2 is date param name
	['newsgroup'] = '[[Usenet newsgroup|Newsgroup]]:&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['notitle'] = 'No title',													-- for |title=(()) and (in the future) |title=none
	['original'] = 'the original',
	['origdate'] = ' [$1]',
	['published'] = ' (published $1)',
	['retrieved'] = 'Retrieved $1',
	['season'] = 'Season $1',
	['section'] = '§&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['sections'] = '§§&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['series'] = '$1 $2',														-- $1 is sepc, $2 is series
	['seriesnum'] = 'Series $1',
	['translated'] = 'Translated by $1',
	['type'] = ' ($1)',															-- for titletype

	wikidata = 'Wikidata',														-- these used for interwikilinked author/editor/... names
	wikipedia = 'Wikipedia',
	wikisource = 'Wikisource',

	['written'] = 'Written at $1',

	['vol'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc; bold journal style volume is in presentation{}
	['vol-no'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2, no.&amp;nbsp;$3',								-- sepc, volume, issue (alternatively insert $1 after $2, but then we'd also have to change capitalization)
	['issue'] = '$1 No.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc

	['art'] = '$1 Art.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc; for {{cite conference}} only
	['vol-art'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2, art.&amp;nbsp;$3',								-- sepc, volume, article-number; for {{cite conference}} only

	['j-vol'] = '$1 $2',														-- sepc, volume; bold journal volume is in presentation{}
	['j-issue'] = ' ($1)',
	['j-article-num'] = ' $1',													-- TODO: any punctuation here? static text?

	['nopp'] = '$1 $2';															-- page(s) without prefix; $1 is sepc

	['p-prefix'] = &quot;$1 p.&amp;nbsp;$2&quot;,												-- $1 is sepc
	['pp-prefix'] = &quot;$1 pp.&amp;nbsp;$2&quot;,											-- $1 is sepc
	['j-page(s)'] = ': $1',														-- same for page and pages

	['sheet'] = '$1 Sheet&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc
	['sheets'] = '$1 Sheets&amp;nbsp;$2',											-- $1 is sepc
	['j-sheet'] = ': Sheet&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['j-sheets'] = ': Sheets&amp;nbsp;$1',
	
	['language'] = '(in $1)',
	['via'] = &quot; &amp;ndash; via $1&quot;,
	['event'] = 'Event occurs at',
	['minutes'] = ' $1 minutes in',												-- $1 is the number of minutes
	
	-- Determines the location of the help page
	['help page link'] = 'Help:CS1 errors',
	['help page label'] = 'help',
	
	-- categories
	['cat wikilink'] = '[[Category:$1]]',										-- $1 is the category name
	['cat wikilink sk'] = '[[Category:$1|$2]]',									-- $1 is the category name; $2 is namespace sort key
	[':cat wikilink'] = '[[:Category:$1|link]]',								-- category name as maintenance message wikilink; $1 is the category name

	-- Internal errors (should only occur if configuration is bad)
	['undefined_error'] = 'Called with an undefined error condition',
	['unknown_ID_key'] = 'Unrecognized ID key: ',								-- an ID key in id_handlers not found in ~/Identifiers func_map{}
	['unknown_ID_access'] = 'Unrecognized ID access keyword: ',					-- an ID access keyword in id_handlers not found in keywords_lists['id-access']{}
	['unknown_argument_map'] = 'Argument map not defined for this variable',
	['bare_url_no_origin'] = 'Bare URL found but origin indicator is nil or empty',
	
	['warning_msg_e'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:#d33&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{$1}}&lt;/code&gt;: this [[#$2|reference]] has errors&lt;/span&gt;; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).';	-- $1 is template link; $2 is anchor ID
	['warning_msg_m'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:#085&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{$1}}&lt;/code&gt;: this [[#$2|reference]] has maintenance messages&lt;/span&gt;; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).';	-- $1 is template link; $2 is anchor ID
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N _ C L A S S _ M A P &gt;------------------------------------------

this table maps the value assigned to |CitationClass= in the cs1|2 templates to the canonical template name when
the value assigned to |CitationClass= is different from the canonical template name.  |CitationClass= values are
used as class attributes in the &lt;cite&gt; tag that encloses the citation so these names may not contain spaces while
the canonical template name may.  These names are used in warning_msg_e and warning_msg_m to create links to the
template's documentation when an article is displayed in preview mode.

]]

	local citation_class_map_t = {												-- TODO: in Module:Cite/config write a function to use this table 
		arxiv = 'cite arXiv',													-- as the source for known_templates_t and citation_classes_t
		['audio-visual'] = 'cite AV media',
		['AV-media-notes'] = 'cite AV media notes',
		biorxiv = 'cite bioRxiv',
		book = 'cite book',
		citation = 'citation',
		citeseerx = 'cite CiteSeerX',
		conference = 'cite conference',
		document = 'cite document',
		encyclopaedia = 'cite encyclopedia',
		episode = 'cite episode',
		interview = 'cite interview',
		journal = 'cite journal',
		magazine = 'cite magazine',
		mailinglist = 'cite mailing list',
		map = 'cite map',
		medrxiv = 'cite medRxiv',
		news = 'cite news',
		newsgroup = 'cite newsgroup',
		podcast = 'cite podcast',
		pressrelease = 'cite press release',
		report = 'cite report',
		serial = 'cite serial',
		sign = 'cite sign',
		speech = 'cite speech',
		ssrn = 'cite SSRN',
		techreport = 'cite tech report',
		thesis = 'cite thesis',
		web = 'cite web',
		}


--[=[-------------------------&lt; E T _ A L _ P A T T E R N S &gt;--------------------------------------------------

This table provides Lua patterns for the phrase &quot;et al&quot; and variants in name text
(author, editor, etc.). The main module uses these to identify and emit the 'etal' message.

]=]

local et_al_patterns = {
	&quot;[;,]? *[\&quot;']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][%.;,\&quot;']*$&quot;,						-- variations on the 'et al' theme
	&quot;[;,]? *[\&quot;']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][Ii][AaIi][Ee]?[%.;,\&quot;']*$&quot;,		-- variations on the 'et alia', 'et alii' and 'et aliae' themes (false positive 'et aliie' unlikely to match)
	&quot;[;,]? *%f[%a]and [Oo]thers&quot;,												-- an alternative to et al.
	&quot;%[%[ *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%]%]&quot;,										-- a wikilinked form
	&quot;%(%( *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%)%)&quot;,										-- a double-bracketed form (to counter partial removal of ((...)) syntax)
	&quot;[%(%[] *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *[%)%]]&quot;,									-- a bracketed form
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P R E S E N T A T I O N &gt;------------------------

Fixed presentation markup.  Originally part of citation_config.messages it has
been moved into its own, more semantically correct place.

]]

local presentation = 
	{
	-- .citation-comment class is specified at Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display
	['hidden-error'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-hidden-error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	['visible-error'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	['hidden-maint'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	
	['accessdate'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;$1$2&lt;/span&gt;',			-- to allow editors to hide accessdate using personal CSS

	['bdi'] = '&lt;bdi$1&gt;$2&lt;/bdi&gt;',												-- bidirectional isolation used with |script-title= and the like

	['cite'] = '&lt;cite class=&quot;$1&quot;&gt;$2&lt;/cite&gt;';									-- for use when citation does not have a namelist and |ref= not set so no id=&quot;...&quot; attribute
	['cite-id'] = '&lt;cite id=&quot;$1&quot; class=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/cite&gt;';							-- for use when when |ref= is set or when citation has a namelist

	['format'] = ' &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;($1)&lt;/span&gt;',						-- for |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.
	['interwiki'] = ' &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;[in $1]&lt;/span&gt;',					-- for interwiki-language-linked author, editor, etc
	['interproj'] = ' &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;[at $1]&lt;/span&gt;',					-- for interwiki-project-linked author, editor, etc (:d: and :s: supported; :w: ignored)

	-- various access levels, for |access=, |doi-access=, |arxiv=, ...
	-- narrow no-break space &amp;#8239; may work better than nowrap CSS. Or not? Browser support?

	['ext-link-access-signal'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;$1&quot; title=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/span&gt;',		-- external link with appropriate lock icon
		['free'] = {class='id-lock-free', title='Freely accessible'},			-- classes defined in Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css
		['registration'] = {class='id-lock-registration', title='Free registration required'},
		['limited'] = {class='id-lock-limited', title='Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required'},
		['subscription'] = {class='id-lock-subscription', title='Paid subscription required'},

	['interwiki-icon'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;$1&quot; title=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/span&gt;',
		['class-wikisource'] = 'cs1-ws-icon',

	['italic-title'] = &quot;''$1''&quot;,

	['kern-left'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-left&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;$1',					-- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark
	['kern-right'] = '$1&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-right&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',					-- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark

	['nowrap1'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',								-- for nowrapping an item: &lt;span ...&gt;yyyy-mm-dd&lt;/span&gt;
	['nowrap2'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt; $2',							-- for nowrapping portions of an item: &lt;span ...&gt;dd mmmm&lt;/span&gt; yyyy (note white space)

	['ocins'] = '&lt;span title=&quot;$1&quot; class=&quot;Z3988&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',
	
	['parameter'] = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',
	
	['ps_cs1'] = '.';															-- CS1 style postscript (terminal) character
	['ps_cs2'] = '';															-- CS2 style postscript (terminal) character (empty string)

	['quoted-text'] = '&lt;q&gt;$1&lt;/q&gt;',												-- for wrapping |quote= content
	['quoted-title'] = '&quot;$1&quot;',

	['sep_cs1'] = '.',															-- CS1 element separator
	['sep_cs2'] = ',',															-- CS2 separator
	['sep_nl'] = ';',															-- CS1|2 style name-list separator between names is a semicolon
	['sep_nl_and'] = ' and ',													-- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 2 items
	['sep_nl_end'] = '; and ',													-- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 3+ names
	['sep_name'] = ', ',														-- CS1|2 style last/first separator is &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
	['sep_nl_vanc'] = ',',														-- Vancouver style name-list separator between authors is a comma
	['sep_name_vanc'] = ' ',													-- Vancouver style last/first separator is a space

	['sep_list'] = ', ',														-- used for |language= when list has 3+ items except for last sep which uses sep_list_end
	['sep_list_pair'] = ' and ',												-- used for |language= when list has 2 items
	['sep_list_end'] = ', and ',												-- used as last list sep for |language= when list has 3+ items
	
	['trans-italic-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;''$1''&amp;#93;&quot;,
	['trans-quoted-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;$1&amp;#93;&quot;,									-- for |trans-title= and |trans-quote=
	['vol-bold'] = '$1 &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;',												-- sepc, volume; for bold journal cites; for other cites ['vol'] in messages{}
	}

	
--[[--------------------------&lt; A L I A S E S &gt;---------------------------------

Aliases table for commonly passed parameters.

Parameter names on the right side in the assignments in this table must have been
defined in the Whitelist before they will be recognized as valid parameter names

]]

local aliases = {
	['AccessDate'] = {'access-date', 'accessdate'},								-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Agency'] = 'agency',
	['ArchiveDate'] = {'archive-date', 'archivedate'},							-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ArchiveFormat'] = 'archive-format',
	['ArchiveURL'] = {'archive-url', 'archiveurl'},								-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ArticleNumber'] = 'article-number',
	['ASINTLD'] = 'asin-tld',
	['At'] = 'at',																-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Authors'] = {'people', 'credits'},
	['BookTitle'] = {'book-title', 'booktitle'},
	['Cartography'] = 'cartography',
	['Chapter'] = {'chapter', 'contribution', 'entry', 'article', 'section'},
	['ChapterFormat'] = {'chapter-format', 'contribution-format', 'entry-format',
		'article-format', 'section-format'};
	['ChapterURL'] = {'chapter-url', 'contribution-url', 'entry-url', 'article-url', 'section-url'},	-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ChapterUrlAccess'] = {'chapter-url-access', 'contribution-url-access',
		'entry-url-access', 'article-url-access', 'section-url-access'},		-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Class'] = 'class',														-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifier
	['Collaboration'] = 'collaboration',
	['Conference'] = {'conference', 'event'},
	['ConferenceFormat'] = 'conference-format',
	['ConferenceURL'] = 'conference-url',										-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Date'] = {'date', 'air-date', 'airdate'},									-- air-date and airdate for cite episode and cite serial only
	['Degree'] = 'degree',
	['DF'] = 'df',
	['DisplayAuthors'] = {'display-authors', 'display-subjects'},
	['DisplayContributors'] = 'display-contributors',
	['DisplayEditors'] = 'display-editors',
	['DisplayInterviewers'] = 'display-interviewers',
	['DisplayTranslators'] = 'display-translators',
	['Docket'] = 'docket',
	['DoiBroken'] = 'doi-broken-date',
	['Edition'] = 'edition',
	['Embargo'] = 'pmc-embargo-date',
	['Encyclopedia'] = {'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia', 'dictionary'},			-- cite encyclopedia only
	['Episode'] = 'episode',													-- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode?
	['Format'] = 'format',
	['ID'] = {'id', 'ID'},
	['Inset'] = 'inset',
	['Issue'] = {'issue', 'number'},
	['Language'] = {'language', 'lang'},
	['MailingList'] = {'mailing-list', 'mailinglist'},							-- cite mailing list only
	['Map'] = 'map',															-- cite map only
	['MapFormat'] = 'map-format',												-- cite map only
	['MapURL'] = {'map-url', 'mapurl'},											-- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['MapUrlAccess'] = 'map-url-access',										-- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Minutes'] = 'minutes',
	['Mode'] = 'mode',
	['NameListStyle'] = 'name-list-style',
	['Network'] = 'network',
	['Newsgroup'] = 'newsgroup',												-- cite newsgroup only
	['NoPP'] = {'no-pp', 'nopp'},
	['NoTracking'] = {'no-tracking', 'template-doc-demo'},
	['Number'] = 'number',														-- this case only for cite techreport
	['OrigDate'] = {'orig-date', 'orig-year', 'origyear'},
	['Others'] = 'others',
	['Page'] = {'page', 'p'},													-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Pages'] = {'pages', 'pp'},												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Periodical'] = {'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'website', 'work'},
	['Place'] = {'place', 'location'},
	['PostScript'] = 'postscript',
	['PublicationDate'] = {'publication-date', 'publicationdate'},
	['PublicationPlace'] = {'publication-place', 'publicationplace'},
	['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'institution'},
	['Quote'] = {'quote', 'quotation'},
	['QuotePage'] = 'quote-page',
	['QuotePages'] = 'quote-pages',
	['Ref'] = 'ref',
	['Scale'] = 'scale',
	['ScriptChapter'] = {'script-chapter', 'script-contribution', 'script-entry',
		'script-article', 'script-section'},
	['ScriptEncyclopedia'] = {'script-encyclopedia', 'script-encyclopaedia'},	-- cite encyclopedia only
	['ScriptMap'] = 'script-map',
	['ScriptPeriodical'] = {'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper',
		'script-periodical', 'script-website', 'script-work'},
	['ScriptQuote'] = 'script-quote',
	['ScriptTitle'] = 'script-title',											-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Season'] = 'season',
	['Sections'] = 'sections',													-- cite map only
	['Series'] = {'series', 'version'},
	['SeriesLink'] = {'series-link', 'serieslink'},
	['SeriesNumber'] = {'series-number', 'series-no'},
	['Sheet'] = 'sheet',														-- cite map only
	['Sheets'] = 'sheets',														-- cite map only
	['Station'] = 'station',
	['Time'] = 'time',
	['TimeCaption'] = 'time-caption',
	['Title'] = 'title',														-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TitleLink'] = {'title-link', 'episode-link', 'episodelink'},				-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TitleNote'] = {'title-note', 'department'},
	['TitleType'] = {'type', 'medium'},
	['TransChapter'] = {'trans-article', 'trans-chapter', 'trans-contribution',
		'trans-entry', 'trans-section'},
	['Transcript'] = 'transcript',
	['TranscriptFormat'] = 'transcript-format',	
	['TranscriptURL'] = 'transcript-url',										-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TransEncyclopedia'] = {'trans-encyclopedia', 'trans-encyclopaedia'},		-- cite encyclopedia only
	['TransMap'] = 'trans-map',													-- cite map only
	['TransPeriodical'] = {'trans-journal', 'trans-magazine', 'trans-newspaper',
		'trans-periodical', 'trans-website', 'trans-work'},
	['TransQuote'] = 'trans-quote',
	['TransTitle'] = 'trans-title',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['URL'] = {'url', 'URL'},													-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['UrlAccess'] = 'url-access',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['UrlStatus'] = 'url-status',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Vauthors'] = 'vauthors',
	['Veditors'] = 'veditors',
	['Via'] = 'via',
	['Volume'] = 'volume',
	['Year'] = 'year',

	['AuthorList-First'] = {&quot;first#&quot;, &quot;author-first#&quot;, &quot;author#-first&quot;, &quot;author-given#&quot;, &quot;author#-given&quot;,
		&quot;subject-first#&quot;, &quot;subject#-first&quot;, &quot;subject-given#&quot;, &quot;subject#-given&quot;,
		&quot;given#&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Last'] = {&quot;last#&quot;, &quot;author-last#&quot;, &quot;author#-last&quot;, &quot;author-surname#&quot;, &quot;author#-surname&quot;,
		&quot;subject-last#&quot;, &quot;subject#-last&quot;, &quot;subject-surname#&quot;, &quot;subject#-surname&quot;,
		&quot;author#&quot;, 'host#', &quot;subject#&quot;, &quot;surname#&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Link'] = {&quot;author-link#&quot;, &quot;author#-link&quot;, &quot;subject-link#&quot;,
		&quot;subject#-link&quot;, &quot;authorlink#&quot;, &quot;author#link&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Mask'] = {&quot;author-mask#&quot;, &quot;author#-mask&quot;, &quot;subject-mask#&quot;, &quot;subject#-mask&quot;},

	['ContributorList-First'] = {'contributor-first#', 'contributor#-first',
		'contributor-given#', 'contributor#-given'},
	['ContributorList-Last'] = {'contributor-last#', 'contributor#-last',
		'contributor-surname#', 'contributor#-surname', 'contributor#'},
	['ContributorList-Link'] = {'contributor-link#', 'contributor#-link'},
	['ContributorList-Mask'] = {'contributor-mask#', 'contributor#-mask'},

	['EditorList-First'] = {&quot;editor-first#&quot;, &quot;editor#-first&quot;, &quot;editor-given#&quot;, &quot;editor#-given&quot;},
	['EditorList-Last'] = {&quot;editor-last#&quot;, &quot;editor#-last&quot;, &quot;editor-surname#&quot;,
		&quot;editor#-surname&quot;, &quot;editor#&quot;},
	['EditorList-Link'] = {&quot;editor-link#&quot;, &quot;editor#-link&quot;},
	['EditorList-Mask'] = {&quot;editor-mask#&quot;, &quot;editor#-mask&quot;},
	
	['InterviewerList-First'] = {'interviewer-first#', 'interviewer#-first',
		'interviewer-given#', 'interviewer#-given'},
	['InterviewerList-Last'] = {'interviewer-last#', 'interviewer#-last',
		'interviewer-surname#', 'interviewer#-surname', 'interviewer#'},
	['InterviewerList-Link'] = {'interviewer-link#', 'interviewer#-link'},
	['InterviewerList-Mask'] = {'interviewer-mask#', 'interviewer#-mask'},

	['TranslatorList-First'] = {'translator-first#', 'translator#-first',
		'translator-given#', 'translator#-given'},
	['TranslatorList-Last'] = {'translator-last#', 'translator#-last',
		'translator-surname#', 'translator#-surname', 'translator#'},
	['TranslatorList-Link'] = {'translator-link#', 'translator#-link'},
	['TranslatorList-Mask'] = {'translator-mask#', 'translator#-mask'},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; D E P E N D E N C I E S _ T &gt;--------------------------------------------------

a table of url-holding parameters upon which other parameters are dependent.

this table is used by has_archive_today_url() to suppress parameters that are dependant upon a url-holding parameter
that has as a value an archive.today (or alternate tld) url.

archive.today is deprecated at en.wiki; see Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5

]]

local url_dependency_map_t = {													-- table of url-holding parameters and the meta-parameters that are dependent on them
	['url'] = {'AccessDate', 'ArchiveURL', 'Format', 'UrlAccess'},
	['archive-url'] = {'ArchiveDate', 'ArchiveFormat', 'UrlStatus'},
	['archiveurl'] = {'ArchiveDate', 'ArchiveFormat', 'UrlStatus'},
	['article-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['chapter-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['conference-url'] = {'ConferenceFormat'},
	['contribution-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['entry-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['map-url'] = {'MapFormat', 'MapUrlAccess'},
	['section-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['transcript-url'] = {'TranscriptFormat'},
	};

local dependencies_t = {};														-- the table of url-holding parameters and their dependent parameters

for url_param, meta_parameters_t in pairs (url_dependency_map_t) do				-- sequence of meta-parameters (indexes) into &lt;aliases&gt; table
	local dependant_params_t = {};												-- collection of parameters that are dependent on this &lt;url_param&gt;
	for _, meta_parameter in ipairs (meta_parameters_t) do						-- for each &lt;aliases&gt; meta-parameter (index)
		if 'string' == type (aliases[meta_parameter]) then						-- for single parameter names (no aliases), &lt;aliases[meta_parameter]&gt; will be a string
			table.insert (dependant_params_t, aliases[meta_parameter]);			-- add to this &lt;url_param&gt;'s dependency sequence
		else
			for _, alias in ipairs (aliases[meta_parameter]) do					-- for each alias in aliases[meta_parameter] (aliases['AccessDate'] for example)
				table.insert (dependant_params_t, alias);						-- add to this &lt;url_param&gt;'s dependency sequence
			end
		end
	end
	dependencies_t[url_param] = dependant_params_t;								-- add the &lt;url_param&gt; and its dependent parameters
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P U N C T _ S K I P &gt;---------------------------

builds a table of parameter names that the extraneous terminal punctuation check should not check.

]]

local punct_meta_params = {														-- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value
	'BookTitle', 'Chapter', 'ScriptChapter', 'ScriptTitle', 'Title', 'TransChapter', 'Transcript', 'TransMap',	'TransTitle',	-- title-holding parameters
	'AuthorList-Mask', 'ContributorList-Mask', 'EditorList-Mask', 'InterviewerList-Mask', 'TranslatorList-Mask',	-- name-list mask may have name separators
	'PostScript', 'Quote', 'ScriptQuote', 'TransQuote', 'Ref',						-- miscellaneous
	'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL',	-- URL-holding parameters
	}

local url_meta_params = {														-- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value
	'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'ID', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL',		-- parameters allowed to hold urls
	'Page', 'Pages', 'At', 'QuotePage', 'QuotePages',							-- insource locators allowed to hold urls
	}

local function build_skip_table (skip_t, meta_params)
	for _, meta_param in ipairs (meta_params) do								-- for each meta parameter key
		local params = aliases[meta_param];										-- get the parameter or the table of parameters associated with the meta parameter name
		if 'string' == type (params) then
			skip_t[params] = 1;													-- just a single parameter
		else
			for _, param in ipairs (params) do									-- get the parameter name
				skip_t[param] = 1;												-- add the parameter name to the skip table
				local count;
				param, count = param:gsub ('#', '');							-- remove enumerator marker from enumerated parameters
				if 0 ~= count then												-- if removed
					skip_t[param] = 1;											-- add param name without enumerator marker
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return skip_t;
end

local punct_skip = {};
local url_skip = {};


--[[--------------------------&lt; U R L _ A C C E S S _ M A P &gt;--------------------------------------------------

this table used by the wikipedia library url test, has_twl_url(), which automatically sets a url-access parameter
to 'subscription' when it discovers a wikipedia library url in any of the url-holding paramters used as keys in
this table.

translators:  if your wiki uses parameter names for these url-holding parameters and their matching -access parameters,
add your wiki's parameters to this list.  Leave the English parameters in place.

TODO: is there a better way to do this?

]]

local url_access_map_t = {
	['chapter-url'] = 'chapter-url-access',
	['contribution-url'] = 'contribution-url-access',
	['entry-url'] = 'entry-url-access',
	['article-url'] = 'article-url-access',
	['section-url'] = 'section-url-access',
	['map-url'] = 'map-url-access',
	['mapurl'] = 'map-url-access',
	['url'] = 'url-access',
	['URL'] = 'url-access'
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; S I N G L E - L E T T E R   S E C O N D - L E V E L   D O M A I N S &gt;----------

this is a list of tlds that are known to have single-letter second-level domain names.  This list does not include
ccTLDs which are accepted in is_domain_name().

]]

local single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t = {'cash', 'company', 'foundation', 'media', 'org', 'today'};


--[[-----------&lt; S P E C I A L   C A S E   T R A N S L A T I O N S &gt;------------

This table is primarily here to support internationalization.  Translations in
this table are used, for example, when an error message, category name, etc.,
is extracted from the English alias key.  There may be other cases where
this translation table may be useful.

]]
local is_Latn = 'A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191';
local special_case_translation = {
	author = 'author',
	editor = 'editor',
	name_list_params = '$1-name-list parameters',								-- $1 is 'author' or 'editor'; used with err_redundant_parameters

	['AuthorList'] = 'authors list',											-- used to assemble maintenance category names
	['ContributorList'] = 'contributors list',									-- translation of these names plus translation of the base maintenance category names in maint_cats{} table below
	['EditorList'] = 'editors list',											-- must match the names of the actual categories
	['InterviewerList'] = 'interviewers list',									-- this group or translations used by name_has_ed_markup() and name_has_mult_names()
	['TranslatorList'] = 'translators list',
	
																				-- Lua patterns to match pseudo-titles used by InternetArchiveBot and others as placeholder for unknown |title= value
	['archived_copy'] = {														-- used with CS1 maint: Archive[d] copy as title
		['en'] = '^archived?%s+copy$',											-- for English; translators: keep this because templates imported from en.wiki
		['local'] = nil,														-- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language
		},

																				-- Lua patterns to match generic titles; usually created by bots or reference filling tools
																				-- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language
		-- generic titles and patterns in this table should be lowercase only
		-- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic title in your language
		-- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches; 'false' for pattern searches

	['generic_titles'] = {
		['accept'] = {
			},
		['reject'] = {
			{['en'] = {'^wayback%s+machine$', false},				['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'are you a robot', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'hugedomains', true},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[%(%[{&lt;]?no +title[&gt;}%]%)]?$', false},		['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'page not found', true},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'subscribe to read', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[%(%[{&lt;]?unknown[&gt;}%]%)]?$', false},		['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'website is for sale', true},				['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^404', false},								['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'error[ %-]404', false},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'internet archive wayback machine', true},	['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'log into facebook', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'login • instagram', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'redirecting...', true},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'usurped title', true},						['local'] = nil},	-- added by a GreenC bot
			{['en'] = {'wayback machine', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'webcite query result', true},				['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'wikiwix\'s cache', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'bot verification', true},					['local'] = nil},
			}
		},

		-- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches, search string must be lowercase only
		-- boolean 'false' for pattern searches
		-- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic name in your language

	['generic_names'] = {
		['accept'] = {
			{['en'] = {'%[%[[^|]*%(author%) *|[^%]]*%]%]', false},				['local'] = nil},
			},
		['reject'] = {
			{['en'] = {'about us', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]dvisor%f[%A]', false},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'allmusic', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]uthor%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Bb]ureau$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'business', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'cnn', true},											['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'collaborator', true},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Cc]ompany$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'contributor', true},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'contact us', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'correspondent', true},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Dd]esk$', false},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'directory', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%(%[][%(%[]%s*eds?%.?%s*[%)%]]?$', false},			['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'[,%.%s]%f[e]eds?%.?$', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^eds?[%.,;]', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[%(%[]%s*[Ee][Dd][Ss]?%.?%s*[%)%]]', false},			['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]dited%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]ditors?%f[%A]', false},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]mail%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'facebook', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'google', true},											['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Gg]roup$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'home page', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Ii]nc%.?$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'instagram', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'interviewer', true},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Ll]imited$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'linkedIn', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Nn]ews$', false},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'[Nn]ews[ %-]?[Rr]oom', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'pinterest', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'policy', true},											['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'privacy', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'reuters', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'translator', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'tumblr', true},											['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'twitter', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'site name', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'statement', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'submitted', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'super.?user', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f['..is_Latn..'][Uu]ser%f[^'..is_Latn..']', false},	['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'updated', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'verfasser', true},										['local'] = nil},
			}
		}
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E _ N A M E S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

This table of tables lists local language date names and fallback English date names.
The code in Date_validation will look first in the local table for valid date names.
If date names are not found in the local table, the code will look in the English table.

Because citations can be copied to the local wiki from en.wiki, the English is
required when the date-name translation function date_name_xlate() is used.

In these tables, season numbering is defined by
Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) Specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)
which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019.  See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard
defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. CS1|2 only supports generic seasons.
EDTF does support the distinction between north and south hemisphere seasons
but CS1|2 has no way to make that distinction.

33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each)

The standard does not address 'named' dates so, for the purposes of CS1|2,
Easter and Christmas are defined here as 98 and 99, which should be out of the
ISO 8601 (EDTF) range of uses for a while.

local_date_names_from_mediawiki is a boolean.  When set to:
	true – module will fetch local month names from MediaWiki for both date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short']; this will unconditionally overwrite manual translations
	false – module will *not* fetch local month names from MediaWiki

Caveat lector:  There is no guarantee that MediaWiki will provide short month names.  At your wiki you can test
the results of the MediaWiki fetch in the debug console with this command (the result is alpha sorted):
	=mw.dumpObject (p.date_names['local'])

While the module can fetch month names from MediaWiki, it cannot fetch the quarter, season, and named date names
from MediaWiki.  Those must be translated manually.

]]

local local_date_names_from_mediawiki = true;									-- when false, manual translation required for date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short']; overwrites manual translations
																				-- when true, module fetches long and short month names from MediaWiki
local date_names = {
	['en'] = {																	-- English
		['long']	= {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12},
		['short']	= {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12},
		['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36},
		['season']	= {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23},
		['named']	= {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99},
		},
																				-- when local_date_names_from_mediawiki = false
	['local'] = {																-- replace these English date names with the local language equivalents
		['long']	= {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12},
		['short']	= {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12},
		['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36},
		['season']	= {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23},
		['named']	= {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99},
		},
	['inv_local_long'] = {},													-- used in date reformatting &amp; translation; copy of date_names['local'].long where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_short'] = {},													-- used in date reformatting &amp; translation; copy of date_names['local'].short where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_quarter'] = {},													-- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].quarter where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_season'] = {},													-- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].season where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_named'] = {},													-- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].named where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['local_digits'] = {['0'] = '0', ['1'] = '1', ['2'] = '2', ['3'] = '3', ['4'] = '4', ['5'] = '5', ['6'] = '6', ['7'] = '7', ['8'] = '8', ['9'] = '9'},	-- used to convert local language digits to Western 0-9
	['xlate_digits'] = {},
	}

if local_date_names_from_mediawiki then											-- if fetching local month names from MediaWiki is enabled
	local long_t = {};
	local short_t = {};
	for i=1, 12 do																-- loop 12x and 
		local name = lang_obj:formatDate('F', '2022-' .. i .. '-1');			-- get long month name for each i
		long_t[name] = i;														-- save it
		name = lang_obj:formatDate('M', '2022-' .. i .. '-1');					-- get short month name for each i
		short_t[name] = i;														-- save it
	end
	date_names['local']['long'] = long_t;										-- write the long table – overwrites manual translation
	date_names['local']['short'] = short_t;										-- write the short table – overwrites manual translation
end
																				-- create inverted date-name tables for reformatting and/or translation
for _, invert_t in pairs {{'long', 'inv_local_long'}, {'short', 'inv_local_short'}, {'quarter', 'inv_local_quarter'}, {'season', 'inv_local_season'}, {'named', 'inv_local_named'}} do
	for name, i in pairs (date_names['local'][invert_t[1]]) do					-- this table is ['name'] = i
		date_names[invert_t[2]][i] = name;										-- invert to get [i] = 'name' for conversions from ymd
	end
end

if local_digits_from_mediawiki then												-- if fetching local digits from MediaWiki is enabled
	local digits_t = {};
	for i=0, 9 do																-- loop 10x and 
		digits_t [lang_obj:formatNum (i)] = tostring (i);						-- format the loop indexer as local lang table index and assign loop indexer (a string) as the value
	end
	date_names['local_digits'] = digits_t;
end

for ld, ed in pairs (date_names.local_digits) do								-- make a digit translation table for simple date translation from en to local language using local_digits table
	date_names.xlate_digits [ed] = ld;											-- en digit becomes index with local digit as the value
end

local df_template_patterns = {													-- table of redirects to {{Use dmy dates}} and {{Use mdy dates}}
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(dmy) +dates *[|}]',	-- 1159k								-- sorted by approximate transclusion count
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(mdy) +dates *[|}]',	-- 212k
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) +dates *[|}]',	-- 788
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) +dates *[|}]',	-- 343
	'{{ *([Mm]dy) *[|}]',				-- 176
	'{{ *[Uu]se *(dmy) *[|}]',			-- 156 + 18
	'{{ *[Uu]se *(mdy) *[|}]',			-- 149 + 11
	'{{ *([Dd]my) *[|}]',				-- 56
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) *[|}]',			-- 5
	'{{ *([Dd]MY) *[|}]',				-- 3
	'{{ *[Uu]se(mdy)dates *[|}]',		-- 1
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) *[|}]',			-- 0
	'{{ *([Mm]DY) *[|}]',				-- 0
	}

local title_object = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();
local content;																	-- done this way  so that unused templates appear in unused-template-reports; self-transcluded makes them look like they are used
if 10 ~= title_object.namespace then											-- all namespaces except Template
	content = title_object:getContent() or '';									-- get the content of the article or ''; new pages edited w/ve do not have 'content' until saved; ve does not preview; phab:T221625
end

local function get_date_format ()
	if not content then															-- nil content when we're in template
		return nil;																-- auto-formatting does not work in Template space so don't set global_df
	end
	for _, pattern in ipairs (df_template_patterns) do							-- loop through the patterns looking for {{Use dmy dates}} or {{Use mdy dates}} or any of their redirects
		local start, _, match = content:find(pattern);							-- match is the three letters indicating desired date format
		if match then
			local use_dates_template = content:match ('%b{}', start);			-- get the whole template
			if use_dates_template:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *[lsy][sy]?') then	-- look for |cs1-dates=publication date length access-/archive-date length
				return match:lower() .. '-' .. use_dates_template:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *([lsy][sy]?)');
			else
				return match:lower() .. '-all';									-- no |cs1-dates= k/v pair; return value appropriate for use in |df=
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[-----------------&lt; V O L U M E ,  I S S U E ,  P A G E S &gt;------------------

These tables hold cite class values (from the template invocation) and identify those templates that support
|volume=, |issue=, and |page(s)= parameters.  Cite conference and cite map require further qualification which
is handled in the main module.

]]

local templates_using_volume = {'citation', 'audio-visual', 'book', 'conference', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'report', 'techreport', 'thesis'}
local templates_using_issue = {'citation', 'conference', 'episode', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'podcast'}
local templates_not_using_page = {'audio-visual', 'episode', 'mailinglist', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech'}

--[[

These tables control when it is appropriate for {{citation}} to render |volume= and/or |issue=.  The parameter
names in the tables constrain {{citation}} so that its renderings match the renderings of the equivalent cs1
templates.  For example, {{cite web}} does not support |volume= so the equivalent {{citation |website=...}} must
not support |volume=.

]]

local citation_no_volume_t = {													-- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used
	'website', 'mailinglist', 'script-website',
	}
local citation_issue_t = {														-- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used
	'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'work',
	'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper', 'script-periodical', 'script-work',
	}

--[[

Patterns for finding extra text in |volume=, |issue=, |page=, |pages=

]]

local vol_iss_pg_patterns = {
	good_ppattern = '^P[^%.PpGg]',												-- OK to begin with uppercase P: P7 (page 7 of section P), but not p123 (page 123); TODO: this allows 'Pages' which it should not
	bad_ppatterns = {															-- patterns for |page= and |pages=
		'^[Pp][PpGg]?%.?[ %d]',
		'^[Pp][Pp]?%.&amp;nbsp;',													-- from {{p.}} and {{pp.}} templates
		'^[Pp]ages?',
		'^[Pp]gs.?',
		},
	vi_patterns_t = {															-- combined to catch volume-like text in |issue= and issue-like text in |volume=
		'^volumes?',															-- volume-like text
		'^vols?[%.:=]?',

		'^issues?',																--issue-like text
		'^iss[%.:=]?',
		'^numbers?',
		'^nos?%A',																-- don't match 'november' or 'nostradamus'
		'^nr[%.:=]?',
		'^n[%.:= ]',															-- might be a valid issue without separator (space char is sep char here)
		'^n°',																	-- 'n' with degree sign (U+00B0)
		'^№',																	-- precomposed unicode numero character (U+2116)
		},
	}

--[[--------------------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S &gt;-------------------------------

These tables hold keywords for those parameters that have defined sets of acceptable keywords.

]]

--[[-------------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S   T A B L E &gt;--------------------------

this is a list of keywords; each key in the list is associated with a table of
synonymous keywords possibly from different languages.

for I18N: add local-language keywords to value table; do not change the key.
For example, adding the German keyword 'ja':
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y', 'ja'},

Because CS1|2 templates from en.wiki articles are often copied to other local wikis,
it is recommended that the English keywords remain in these tables.

]]

local keywords = {
	['amp'] = {'&amp;', 'amp', 'ampersand'}, 										-- |name-list-style=
	['and'] = {'and', 'serial'},												-- |name-list-style=
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'},										-- |no-tracking=, |no-pp= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['afterword'] = {'afterword'},												-- |contribution=
	['bot: unknown'] = {'bot: unknown'},										-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['cs1'] = {'cs1'},															-- |mode=
	['cs2'] = {'cs2'},															-- |mode=
	['dead'] = {'dead', 'deviated'},											-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['dmy'] = {'dmy'},															-- |df=
	['dmy-all'] = {'dmy-all'},													-- |df=
	etal = {'etal'},															-- |display-authors=, etc
	['foreword'] = {'foreword'},												-- |contribution=
	['free'] = {'free'},														-- |&lt;id&gt;-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['harv'] = {'harv'},														-- |ref=; this no longer supported; is_valid_parameter_value() called with &lt;invert&gt; = true
	['introduction'] = {'introduction'},										-- |contribution=
	['limited'] = {'limited'},													-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['live'] = {'live'},														-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['mdy'] = {'mdy'},															-- |df=
	['mdy-all'] = {'mdy-all'},													-- |df=
	['none'] = {'none'},														-- |postscript=, |ref=, |title=, |type= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['off'] = {'off'},															-- |title= (potentially also: |title-link=, |postscript=, |ref=, |type=)
	['preface'] = {'preface'},													-- |contribution=
	['registration'] = {'registration'},										-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['subscription'] = {'subscription'},										-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['unfit'] = {'unfit'},														-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['usurped'] = {'usurped'},													-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['vanc'] = {'vanc'},														-- |name-list-style=
	['ymd'] = {'ymd'},															-- |df=
	['ymd-all'] = {'ymd-all'},													-- |df=
	--	['yMd'] = {'yMd'},														-- |df=; not supported at en.wiki
	--	['yMd-all'] = {'yMd-all'},												-- |df=; not supported at en.wiki
	}


--[[------------------------&lt; X L A T E _ K E Y W O R D S &gt;---------------------

this function builds a list, keywords_xlate{}, of the keywords found in keywords{} where the values from keywords{}
become the keys in keywords_xlate{} and the keys from keywords{} become the values in keywords_xlate{}:
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'},		-- in keywords{}
becomes
	['yes'] = 'affirmative',					-- in keywords_xlate{}
	['true'] = 'affirmative',
	['y'] = 'affirmative',

the purpose of this function is to act as a translator between a non-English keyword and its English equivalent
that may be used in other modules of this suite

]]

local function xlate_keywords ()
	local out_table = {};														-- output goes here
	for k, keywords_t in pairs (keywords) do									-- spin through the keywords table
		for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_t) do								-- for each keyword
			out_table[keyword] = k;												-- create an entry in the output table where keyword is the key
		end
	end
	
	return out_table;
end

local keywords_xlate = xlate_keywords ();										-- the list of translated keywords


--[[----------------&lt; M A K E _ K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T &gt;---------------------

this function assembles, for parameter-value validation, the list of keywords appropriate to that parameter.

keywords_lists{}, is a table of tables from keywords{}

]]

local function make_keywords_list (keywords_lists)
	local out_table = {};														-- output goes here
	
	for _, keyword_list in ipairs (keywords_lists) do							-- spin through keywords_lists{} and get a table of keywords
		for _, keyword in ipairs (keyword_list) do								-- spin through keyword_list{} and add each keyword, ...
			table.insert (out_table, keyword);									-- ... as plain text, to the output list
		end
	end
	return out_table;
end


--[[----------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T S &gt;-----------------------------

this is a list of lists of valid keywords for the various parameters in [key].
Generally the keys in this table are the canonical en.wiki parameter names though
some are contrived because of use in multiple differently named parameters:
['yes_true_y'], ['id-access'].

The function make_keywords_list() extracts the individual keywords from the
appropriate list in keywords{}.

The lists in this table are used to validate the keyword assignment for the
parameters named in this table's keys.

]]

local keywords_lists = {
	['yes_true_y'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.affirmative}),
	['contribution'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.afterword, keywords.foreword, keywords.introduction, keywords.preface}),
	['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all']}),
	--	['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all'], keywords.yMd, keywords['yMd-all']}),	-- not supported at en.wiki
	['mode'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.cs1, keywords.cs2}),
	['name-list-style'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.amp, keywords['and'], keywords.vanc}),
	['ref'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.harv}),								-- inverted check; |ref=harv no longer supported
	['url-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.subscription, keywords.limited, keywords.registration}),
	['url-status'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dead, keywords.live, keywords.unfit, keywords.usurped, keywords['bot: unknown']}),
	['id-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.free}),
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C S 1 _ C O N F I G _ G E T &gt;--------------------------------------------------

fetch and validate values from {{cs1 config}} template to fill &lt;global_cs1_config_t&gt;

no error messages; when errors are detected, the parameter value from {{cs1 config}} is blanked.

Supports all parameters and aliases associated with the metaparameters: DisplayAuthors, DisplayContributors,
DisplayEditors, DisplayInterviewers, DisplayTranslators, NameListStyle, and Mode.  The DisplayWhatever metaparameters
accept numeric values only (|display-authors=etal and the like is not supported).

]]

local global_cs1_config_t = {};													-- TODO: add value returned from get_date_format() to this table?

local function get_cs1_config ()
	if not content then															-- nil content when we're in template
		return nil;																-- auto-formatting does not work in Template space so don't set global_df
	end

	local start = content:find('{{ *[Cc][Ss]1 config *[|}]');					-- &lt;start&gt; is offset into &lt;content&gt; when {{cs1 config}} found; nil else
	if start then
		local cs1_config_template = content:match ('%b{}', start);				-- get the whole template

		if not cs1_config_template then
			return nil;
		end

		local params_t = mw.text.split (cs1_config_template:gsub ('^{{%s*', ''):gsub ('%s*}}$', ''), '%s*|%s*');	-- remove '{{' and '}}'; make a sequence of parameter/value pairs (split on the pipe)
		table.remove (params_t, 1);												-- remove the template name because it isn't a parameter/value pair

		local config_meta_params_t = {'DisplayAuthors', 'DisplayContributors', 'DisplayEditors', 'DisplayInterviewers', 'DisplayTranslators', 'NameListStyle', 'Mode'};
		local meta_param_map_t = {};											-- list of accepted parameter names usable in {{cs1 config}} goes here
		
		for _, meta_param in ipairs (config_meta_params_t) do					-- for i18n using &lt;config_meta_params_t&gt;, map template parameter names to their metaparameter equivalents
			if 'table' == type (aliases[meta_param]) then						-- if &lt;meta_param&gt; is a sequence, 
				for _, param in ipairs (aliases[meta_param]) do					-- extract its contents
					meta_param_map_t[param] = meta_param;						-- and add to &lt;meta_param_map_t&gt;
				end
			else
				meta_param_map_t[aliases[meta_param]] = meta_param;				-- not a sequence so just add the parameter to &lt;meta_param_map_t&gt;
			end
		end

		local keywords_t = {};													-- map valid keywords to their associate metaparameter; reverse form of &lt;keyword_lists[key] for these metaparameters
		for _, metaparam_t in ipairs ({{'NameListStyle', 'name-list-style'}, {'Mode', 'mode'}}) do	-- only these metaparameter / keywords_lists key pairs
			for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_lists[metaparam_t[2]]) do		-- spin through the list of keywords
				keywords_t[keyword] = metaparam_t[1];							-- add [keyword] = metaparameter to the map
			end
		end

		for _, param in ipairs (params_t) do									-- spin through the {{cs1 config}} parameters and fill &lt;global_cs1_config_t&gt;
			local k, v = param:match ('([^=]-)%s*=%s*(.+)');					-- &lt;k&gt; is the parameter name; &lt;v&gt; is parameter's assigned value
			if k then
				if k:find ('^display') then										-- if &lt;k&gt; is one of the |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameters
					if v:match ('%d+') then										-- the assigned value must be digits; doesn't accept 'etal'
						global_cs1_config_t[meta_param_map_t[k]]=v;				-- add the display param and its value to globals table
					end
				else
					if keywords_t[v] == meta_param_map_t[k] then				-- keywords_t[v] returns nil or the metaparam name; these must be the same
						global_cs1_config_t[meta_param_map_t[k]]=v;				-- add the parameter and its value to globals table
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

get_cs1_config ();																-- fill &lt;global_cs1_config_t&gt;


--[[---------------------&lt; S T R I P M A R K E R S &gt;----------------------------

Common pattern definition location for stripmarkers so that we don't have to go
hunting for them if (when) MediaWiki changes their form.

]]

local stripmarkers = {
	['any'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-(%a+)%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127',			-- capture returns name of stripmarker
	['math'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-math%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127'			-- math stripmarkers used in coins_cleanup() and coins_replace_math_stripmarker()
	}


--[[------------&lt; I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R A C T E R S &gt;---------------------

This table holds non-printing or invisible characters indexed either by name or
by Unicode group. Values are decimal representations of UTF-8 codes.  The table
is organized as a table of tables because the Lua pairs keyword returns table
data in an arbitrary order.  Here, we want to process the table from top to bottom
because the entries at the top of the table are also found in the ranges specified
by the entries at the bottom of the table.

Also here is a pattern that recognizes stripmarkers that begin and end with the
delete characters.  The nowiki stripmarker is not an error but some others are
because the parameter values that include them become part of the template's
metadata before stripmarker replacement.

]]

local invisible_defs = {
	del = '\127',																-- used to distinguish between stripmarker and del char
	zwj = '\226\128\141',														-- used with capture because zwj may be allowed
	}

local invisible_chars = {
	{'replacement', '\239\191\189'},											-- U+FFFD, EF BF BD
	{'zero width joiner', '('.. invisible_defs.zwj .. ')'},						-- U+200D, E2 80 8D; capture because zwj may be allowed
	{'zero width space', '\226\128\139'},										-- U+200B, E2 80 8B
	{'hair space', '\226\128\138'},												-- U+200A, E2 80 8A
	{'soft hyphen', '\194\173'},												-- U+00AD, C2 AD
	{'horizontal tab', '\009'},													-- U+0009 (HT), 09
	{'line feed', '\010'},														-- U+000A (LF), 0A
	{'no-break space', '\194\160'},												-- U+00A0 (NBSP), C2 A0
	{'carriage return', '\013'},												-- U+000D (CR), 0D
	{'stripmarker', stripmarkers.any},											-- stripmarker; may or may not be an error; capture returns the stripmaker type
	{'delete', '('.. invisible_defs.del .. ')'},								-- U+007F (DEL), 7F; must be done after stripmarker test; capture to distinguish isolated del chars not part of stripmarker
	{'C0 control', '[\000-\008\011\012\014-\031]'},								-- U+0000–U+001F (NULL–US), 00–1F (except HT, LF, CR (09, 0A, 0D))
	{'C1 control', '[\194\128-\194\159]'},										-- U+0080–U+009F (XXX–APC), C2 80 – C2 9F
	--	{'Specials', '[\239\191\185-\239\191\191]'},								-- U+FFF9-U+FFFF, EF BF B9 – EF BF BF
	--	{'Private use area', '[\238\128\128-\239\163\191]'},						-- U+E000–U+F8FF, EE 80 80 – EF A3 BF
	--	{'Supplementary Private Use Area-A', '[\243\176\128\128-\243\191\191\189]'},	-- U+F0000–U+FFFFD, F3 B0 80 80 – F3 BF BF BD
	--	{'Supplementary Private Use Area-B', '[\244\128\128\128-\244\143\191\189]'},	-- U+100000–U+10FFFD, F4 80 80 80 – F4 8F BF BD
	}

--[[

Indic script makes use of zero width joiner as a character modifier so zwj
characters must be left in.  This pattern covers all of the unicode characters
for these languages:
	Devanagari					0900–097F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf
		Devanagari extended		A8E0–A8FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA8E0.pdf
	Bengali						0980–09FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0980.pdf
	Gurmukhi					0A00–0A7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf
	Gujarati					0A80–0AFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A80.pdf
	Oriya						0B00–0B7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf
	Tamil						0B80–0BFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf
	Telugu						0C00–0C7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf
	Kannada						0C80–0CFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf
	Malayalam					0D00–0D7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf
plus the not-necessarily Indic scripts for Sinhala and Burmese:
	Sinhala						0D80-0DFF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D80.pdf
	Myanmar						1000-109F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf
		Myanmar extended A		AA60-AA7F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAA60.pdf
		Myanmar extended B		A9E0-A9FF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA9E0.pdf
the pattern is used by has_invisible_chars() and coins_cleanup()

]]

local indic_script = '[\224\164\128-\224\181\191\224\163\160-\224\183\191\225\128\128-\225\130\159\234\167\160-\234\167\191\234\169\160-\234\169\191]';

-- list of emoji that use a zwj character (U+200D) to combine with another emoji
-- from: https://unicode.org/Public/emoji/17.0/emoji-zwj-sequences.txt; version: 17.0; 2025-01-08
-- table created by: [[:en:Module:Make emoji zwj table]]
local emoji_t = {																-- indexes are decimal forms of the hex values in U+xxxx
	[8596] = true,																-- U+2194 ↔ left right arrow
	[8597] = true,																-- U+2195 ↕ up down arrow
	[9760] = true,																-- U+2620 ☠ skull and crossbones
	[9792] = true,																-- U+2640 ♀ female sign
	[9794] = true,																-- U+2642 ♂ male sign
	[9877] = true,																-- U+2695 ⚕ staff of aesculapius
	[9878] = true,																-- U+2696 ⚖ scales
	[9895] = true,																-- U+26A7 ⚧ male with stroke and male and female sign
	[9992] = true,																-- U+2708 ✈ airplane
	[10052] = true,																-- U+2744 ❄ snowflake
	[10084] = true,																-- U+2764 ❤ heavy black heart
	[10145] = true,																-- U+27A1 ➡ black rightwards arrow
	[11035] = true,																-- U+2B1B ⬛ black large square
	[127752] = true,															-- U+1F308 🌈 rainbow
	[127787] = true,															-- U+1F32B 🌫 fog
	[127806] = true,															-- U+1F33E 🌾 ear of rice
	[127859] = true,															-- U+1F373 🍳 cooking
	[127868] = true,															-- U+1F37C 🍼 baby bottle
	[127876] = true,															-- U+1F384 🎄 christmas tree
	[127891] = true,															-- U+1F393 🎓 graduation cap
	[127908] = true,															-- U+1F3A4 🎤 microphone
	[127912] = true,															-- U+1F3A8 🎨 artist palette
	[127979] = true,															-- U+1F3EB 🏫 school
	[127981] = true,															-- U+1F3ED 🏭 factory
	[128048] = true,															-- U+1F430 🐰 rabbit face
	[128102] = true,															-- U+1F466 👦 boy
	[128103] = true,															-- U+1F467 👧 girl
	[128104] = true,															-- U+1F468 👨 man
	[128105] = true,															-- U+1F469 👩 woman
	[128139] = true,															-- U+1F48B 💋 kiss mark
	[128165] = true,															-- U+1F4A5 💥 collision symbol
	[128168] = true,															-- U+1F4A8 💨 dash symbol
	[128171] = true,															-- U+1F4AB 💫 dizzy symbol
	[128187] = true,															-- U+1F4BB 💻 personal computer
	[128188] = true,															-- U+1F4BC 💼 brief case
	[128293] = true,															-- U+1F525 🔥 fire
	[128295] = true,															-- U+1F527 🔧 wrench
	[128300] = true,															-- U+1F52C 🔬 microscope
	[128488] = true,															-- U+1F5E8 🗨 left speech bubble
	[128640] = true,															-- U+1F680 🚀 rocket
	[128658] = true,															-- U+1F692 🚒 fire engine
	[129001] = true,															-- U+1F7E9 🟩 large green square
	[129003] = true,															-- U+1F7EB 🟫 large brown square
	[129309] = true,															-- U+1F91D 🤝 handshake
	[129455] = true,															-- U+1F9AF 🦯 probing cane
	[129456] = true,															-- U+1F9B0 🦰 emoji component red hair
	[129457] = true,															-- U+1F9B1 🦱 emoji component curly hair
	[129458] = true,															-- U+1F9B2 🦲 emoji component bald
	[129459] = true,															-- U+1F9B3 🦳 emoji component white hair
	[129466] = true,															-- U+1F9BA 🦺 safety vest
	[129468] = true,															-- U+1F9BC 🦼 motorized wheelchair
	[129469] = true,															-- U+1F9BD 🦽 manual wheelchair
	[129489] = true,															-- U+1F9D1 🧑 adult
	[129490] = true,															-- U+1F9D2 🧒 child
	[129648] = true,															-- U+1FA70 🩰 ballet shoes
	[129657] = true,															-- U+1FA79 🩹 adhesive bandage
	[129775] = true,															-- U+1FAEF 🫯 fight cloud
	[129778] = true,															-- U+1FAF2 🫲 leftwards hand
	}


--[[----------------------&lt; L A N G U A G E   S U P P O R T &gt;-------------------

These tables and constants support various language-specific functionality.

]]

--local this_wiki_code = mw.getContentLanguage():getCode();						-- get this wiki's language code
local this_wiki_code = lang_obj:getCode();										-- get this wiki's language code
if string.match (mw.site.server, 'wikidata') then
		this_wiki_code = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('int', {'lang'}); -- on Wikidata so use interface language setting instead
	end

local mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames (this_wiki_code, 'all');	-- get a table of language tag/name pairs known to Wikimedia; used for interwiki tests
local mw_languages_by_name_t = {};
	for k, v in pairs (mw_languages_by_tag_t) do								-- build a 'reversed' table name/tag language pairs know to MediaWiki; used for |language=
		v = mw.ustring.lower (v);												-- lowercase for tag fetch; get name's proper case from mw_languages_by_tag_t[&lt;tag&gt;]
		if mw_languages_by_name_t[v] then										-- when name already in the table
			if 2 == #k or 3 == #k then											-- if tag does not have subtags
				mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k;									-- prefer the shortest tag for this name
			end
		else																	-- here when name not in the table
			mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k;										-- so add name and matching tag
		end
	end

local inter_wiki_map = {};														-- map of interwiki prefixes that are language-code prefixes
	for k, v in pairs (mw.site.interwikiMap ('local')) do						-- spin through the base interwiki map (limited to local)
		if mw_languages_by_tag_t[v[&quot;prefix&quot;]] then								-- if the prefix matches a known language tag
			inter_wiki_map[v[&quot;prefix&quot;]] = true;									-- add it to our local map
		end
	end


--[[--------------------&lt; S C R I P T _ L A N G _ C O D E S &gt;-------------------

This table is used to hold ISO 639-1 two-character and ISO 639-3 three-character
language codes that apply only to |script-title= and |script-chapter=

]]

local script_lang_codes = {
	'ab', 'am', 'ar', 'as', 'az', 'be', 'bg', 'bn', 'bo', 'bs', 'ce', 'chr',
	'cu', 'dv', 'dz', 'el', 'fa', 'grc', 'gu', 'he', 'hi', 'hy', 'ja', 'ka',
	'kaa', 'kk', 'km', 'kn', 'ko', 'ku', 'ky', 'lo', 'mk', 'ml', 'mn', 'mni',
	'mr', 'my', 'ne', 'or', 'ota', 'pa', 'ps', 'ru', 'sd', 'si', 'sr', 'syc',
	'ta', 'te', 'tg', 'th', 'ti', 'tkr', 'tt', 'ug', 'uk', 'ur', 'uz', 'yi',
	'yue', 'zh', 'zgh'
	};


--[[---------------&lt; L A N G U A G E   R E M A P P I N G &gt;----------------------

These tables hold language information that is different (correct) from MediaWiki's definitions

For each ['&lt;tag&gt;'] = 'language name' in lang_code_remap{} there must be a matching ['language name'] = {'language name', '&lt;tag&gt;'} in lang_name_remap{}

lang_tag_remap{}:
	key is always lowercase ISO 639-1, -2, -3 language tag or a valid lowercase IETF language tag
	value is properly spelled and capitalized language name associated with &lt;tag&gt;
	only one language name per &lt;tag&gt;;
	key/value pair must have matching entry in lang_name_remap{}

lang_name_remap{}:
	key is always lowercase language name
	value is a table the holds correctly spelled and capitalized language name [1] and associated tag [2] (tag must match a tag key in lang_tag_remap{})
	may have multiple keys referring to a common preferred name and tag; For example:
		['kolsch'] and ['kölsch'] both refer to 'Kölsch' and 'ksh'

]]

local lang_tag_remap = {														-- used for |language= and |script-title= / |script-chapter=
	['als'] = 'Tosk Albanian',													-- MediaWiki returns Alemannisch 
	['bh'] = 'Bihari',															-- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org
	['bla'] = 'Blackfoot',														-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name
	['bn'] = 'Bengali',															-- MediaWiki returns Bangla
	['ca-valencia'] = 'Valencian',												-- IETF variant of Catalan
	['fkv'] = 'Kven',															-- MediaWiki returns Kvensk
	['gsw'] = 'Swiss German',
	['ilo'] = 'Ilocano',														-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name
	['ksh'] = 'Kölsch',															-- MediaWiki: Colognian; use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name
	['ksh-x-colog'] = 'Colognian',												-- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Colognian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data
	['mis-x-ripuar'] = 'Ripuarian',												-- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Ripuarian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data
	['nan-tw'] = 'Taiwanese Hokkien',											-- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese and support en.wiki preferred name
	['sr-ec'] = 'Serbian (Cyrillic script)',									-- MediaWiki returns српски (ћирилица)
	['sr-el'] = 'Serbian (Latin script)',										-- MediaWiki returns srpski (latinica)
	}

local lang_name_remap = {														-- used for |language=; names require proper capitalization; tags must be lowercase
	['alemannic'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'},									-- ISO 639-2, -3 alternate for Swiss German; MediaWiki mediawiki returns Alemannic for gsw; en.wiki preferred name
	['alemannisch'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'},									-- not an ISO or IANA language name; MediaWiki uses 'als' as a subdomain name for Alemannic Wikipedia: als.wikipedia.org
	['bangla'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'},												-- MediaWiki returns Bangla (the endonym) but we want Bengali (the exonym); here we remap
	['bengali'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'},											-- MediaWiki doesn't use exonym so here we provide correct language name and 639-1 code
	['bhojpuri'] = {'Bhojpuri', 'bho'},											-- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org
	['bihari'] = {'Bihari', 'bh'},												-- MediaWiki replaces 'Bihari' with 'Bhojpuri' so 'Bihari' cannot be found
	['blackfoot'] = {'Blackfoot', 'bla'},										-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name
	['colognian'] = {'Colognian', 'ksh-x-colog'},								-- MediaWiki preferred name for ksh
	['ilocano'] = {'Ilocano', 'ilo'},											-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name
	['kolsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'},												-- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name (use non-diacritical o instead of umlaut ö)
	['kölsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'},												-- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name
	['kven'] = {'Kven', 'fkv'},													-- Unicode CLDR have decided not to support English language name for these two...
	['kvensk'] = {'Kven', 'fkv'},												-- ...they say to refer to IANA registry for English names
	['ripuarian'] = {'Ripuarian', 'mis-x-ripuar'},								-- group of dialects; no code in MediaWiki or in IANA/ISO 639
	['serbian (cyrillic script)'] = {'Serbian (Cyrillic script)', 'sr-cyrl'},	-- special case to get correct tag when |language=sr-ec
	['serbian (latin script)'] = {'Serbian (Latin script)', 'sr-latn'},			-- special case to get correct tag when |language=sr-el
	['swiss german'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'},
	['taiwanese hokkien'] = {'Taiwanese Hokkien', 'nan-tw'},					-- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese 
	['tosk albanian'] = {'Tosk Albanian', 'als'},								-- MediaWiki replaces 'Tosk Albanian' with 'Alemannisch' so 'Tosk Albanian' cannot be found
	['valencian'] = {'Valencian', 'ca-valencia'},								-- variant of Catalan; categorizes as Valencian
	}


--[[---------------&lt; P R O P E R T I E S _ C A T E G O R I E S &gt;----------------

Properties categories. These are used for investigating qualities of citations.

]]

local prop_cats = {
	['foreign-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)',					-- |language= categories; $1 is foreign-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code
	['foreign-lang-source-2'] = 'CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)|$1',	-- |language= category; a cat for ISO639-2 languages; $1 is the ISO 639-2 code used as a sort key
	['interproj-linked-name'] = 'CS1 interproject-linked names|$1',				-- any author, editor, etc that has an interproject link; $1 is interproject tag used as a sort key
	['interwiki-linked-name'] = 'CS1 interwiki-linked names|$1',				-- any author, editor, etc that has an interwiki link; $1 is interwiki tag used as a sort key; yeilds to interproject
	['local-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)',						-- |language= categories; $1 is local-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code; not emitted when local_lang_cat_enable is false
	['location-test'] = 'CS1 location test',
	['long-vol'] = 'CS1: long volume value',									-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |volume= values longer than 4 characters
	['script'] = 'CS1 uses $1-language script ($2)',							-- |script-title=xx: has matching category; $1 is language name, $2 is language tag
	['tracked-param'] = 'CS1 tracked parameter: $1',							-- $1 is base (enumerators removed) parameter name
	['unfit'] = 'CS1: unfit URL',												-- |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped; used to be a maint cat
	['vanc-accept'] = 'CS1:Vancouver names with accept markup',					-- for |vauthors=/|veditors= with accept-as-written markup
	['year-range-abbreviated'] = 'CS1: abbreviated year range',					-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |date=, |year= values using YYYY–YY form
	}


--[[-------------------&lt; T I T L E _ T Y P E S &gt;--------------------------------

Here we map a template's CitationClass to TitleType (default values for |type= parameter)

]]

local title_types = {
	['AV-media-notes'] = 'Media notes',
	['document'] = 'Document',
	['interview'] = 'Interview',
	['mailinglist'] = 'Mailing list',
	['map'] = 'Map',
	['podcast'] = 'Podcast',
	['pressrelease'] = 'Press release',
	['report'] = 'Report',
	['speech'] = 'Speech',
	['techreport'] = 'Technical report',
	['thesis'] = 'Thesis',
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; B U I L D _ K N O W N _ F R E E _ D O I _ R E G I S T R A N T S _ T A B L E &gt;--

build a table of doi registrants known to be free-to-read  In a doi, the registrant ID is the series of digits
between the '10.' and the first '/': in doi 10.1100/sommat, 1100 is the registrant ID

see §3.2.2 DOI prefix of the Doi Handbook p. 43
https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/DOI_Handbook_Final.pdf#page=43

]]

local function build_free_doi_registrants_table()
	local registrants_t = {};
	for _, v in ipairs ({
		'1045', '1074', '1096', '1100', '1155', '1186', '1194', '1371', '1613', '1629', '1989', '1999', '2147', '2196',	'3114', '3285',
		'3389', '3390', '3767', '3906',	'3748', '3814', '3847', '3897', '4061', '4089', '4103', '4172', '4175', '4230',	'4236', '4239',
		'4240', '4249', '4251', '4252', '4253',	'4254',	'4291', '4292', '4312', '4329', '4330', '4331',	'5074',	'5086', '5194',
		'5210', '5306', '5312', '5313', '5314', '5315', '5316',	'5317', '5318',	'5319',	'5320', '5321',	'5334', '5402', '5409',
		'5410', '5411', '5412', '5492', '5493', '5494', '5495', '5496',	'5497', '5498', '5499',	'5500', '5501',	'5527', '5528',
		'5662', '6064', '6219',	'7167', '7217', '7287', '7482', '7490', '7554',	'7717',	'7759', '7766', '9778',
		'11131', '11569', '11647', '11648', '12688', '12703', '12715', '12942', '12998', '13105', '14256', '14293', '14303', '14502', '14720',
		'15215', '15227', '15292', '15458', '15347', '15412', '15560', '16995', '17573', '17645', '18553', '18637', '18757', '19080', '19173', '20419',
		'20944', '21037', '21105', '21468', '21767', '21425', '22261', '22323', '22459', '24105', '24196', '24404', '24413', '24966', '26529',
		'26614', '26775', '26873', '30845', '32545', '34291', '34641', '35711', '35712', '35713', '35995', '36648', '37126', '37532', '37871',
		'47128', '47622', '47959', '48438', '51741', '51746', '51935', '51936', '51937', '51938', '51939', '51940', '52165', '52437', '52975',
		'53288', '53347', '54081', '54947', '55295', '55667', '55741', '55914', '57009', '58647', '58782', '59081', '59490', '61375', '66183', '70587',
		}) do
			registrants_t[v] = true;											-- build a k/v table of known free-to-read doi registrants
	end

	return registrants_t;
end
																				-- known free registrants identifiable by the doi suffix incipit
local extended_registrants_t = {												-- doi suffix incipits are evaluated as lua patterns
	['1001'] = {'jamanetworkopen'},                                             -- JAMA Network Open
	['1002'] = {'1878-0261', '2056-4538', '2211-5463', '2475-8876', '2688-8319', 'aaai%.', 'aac2%.', 'ache%.', 'acm2%.', 'acn3%.', 'acr2%.', 'admi%.', 'adpr%.', 'adrr%.', 'adsr%.', 'advs%.', 'ael2%.', 'aelm%.', 'aesr%.', 'aff2%.', 'agf2%.', 'agg2%.', 'agm2%.', 'ags3%.', 'agt2%.', 'aidi%.', 'ail2%.', 'aisy%.', 'aiv2%.', 'alz%.', 'ame2%.', 'ams2%.', 'anbr%.', 'ansa%.', 'apj%.', 'app5%.', 'aps3%.', 'apxr%.', 'aro2%.', 'ars2%.', 'asl2%.', 'atn2%.', 'bco2%.', 'bes2%.', 'bmm2%.', 'bod2%.', 'brb3%.', 'brh2%.', 'brx2%.', 'bsa3%.', 'bte2%.', 'btm2%.', 'cai2%.', 'cam4%.', 'cbh2%.', 'ccr3%.', 'ccs3%.', 'cdt3%.', 'celc%.', 'cep4%.', 'ces2%.', 'cesm%.', 'ceur%.', 'cey2%.', 'cfch%.', 'cfp2%.', 'cin4%.', 'clc%.', 'clem%.', 'cli2%.', 'clt2%.', 'cmt2%.', 'cmtd%.', 'cnl2%.', 'cnr2%.', 'cns%.', 'cns3%.', 'cnx2%.', 'cre2%.', 'csc3%.', 'cso2%.', 'ctd2%.', 'cti2%.', 'ctm2%.', 'dad2%.', 'deo2%.', 'dep2%.', 'dni2%.', 'dro2%.', 'dug2%.', 'dvr2%.', 'eas2%.', 'ece2%.', 'ece3%.', 'ecog%.', 'ecs2%.', 'edm2%.', 'edn3%.', 'eem2%.', 'eer3%.', 'efd2%.', 'ejsc%.', 'elsa%.', 'elt2%.', 'eng2%.', 'eom2%.', 'epi4%.', 'epr2%.', 'ese3%.', 'exp%.', 'fbe2%.', 'fci2%.', 'fer3%.', 'fes3%.', 'fft2%.', 'fhu2%.', 'fle2%.', 'flm2%.', 'fob2%.', 'fpf2%.', 'fsh3%.', 'fsn3%.', 'gcb4%.', 'gch2%.', 'gdj3%.', 'geo2%.', 'ggn2%.', 'gin2%.', 'glr2%.', 'gps3%.', 'gtm2%.', 'hbm%.', 'hcs2%.', 'hem3%.', 'hkj2%.', 'hsr2%.', 'ibra%.', 'idm2%.', 'ifm2%.', 'iid3%.', 'iju5%.', 'ila2%.', 'imed%.', 'imm3%.', 'imo2%.', 'imt2%.', 'inc2%.', 'inc3%.', 'inf2%.', 'inm3%.', 'inmd%.', 'ird3%.', 'ise3%.', 'jaa2%.', 'jav%.', 'jbt%.', 'jcc5%.', 'jcla%.', 'jcsm%.', 'jcv2%.', 'jeo2%.', 'jev2%.', 'jex2%.', 'jfa2%.', 'jgf2%.', 'jgh3%.', 'jha2%.', 'jia2%.', 'jmd2%.', 'jmrs%.', 'joa3%.', 'jpr3%.', 'jsf2%.', 'jsp2%.', 'jvc2%.', 'kjm2%.', 'kot2%.', 'lci2%.', 'ldr%.', 'leap%.', 'leg3%.', 'lim2%.', 'lio2%.', 'loe2%.', 'lol2%.', 'lrh2%.', 'mame%.', 'mba2%.', 'mbo3%.', 'mco2%.', 'mdb2%.', 'mdr2%.', 'med4%.', 'mef2%.', 'met%.', 'metm%.', 'mgea%.', 'mgg3%.', 'mhs2%.', 'mlf2%.', 'mmr3%.', 'moda%.', 'mog2%.', 'mpr%.', 'mps2%.', 'msd2%.', 'nam2%.', 'nano%.', 'nap2%.', 'neo2%.', 'nep3%.', 'njb%.', 'nop2%.', 'npp2%.', 'npr2%.', 'ntls%.', 'open%.', 'orm2%.', 'osp4%.', 'oto2%.', 'pan3%.', 'pchj%.', 'pcn5%.', 'pdi3%.', 'ped4%.', 'pei3%.', 'pfm2%.', 'pgr2%.', 'phmt%.', 'pld3%.', 'pls2%.', 'pmf2%.', 'pne2%.', 'pnp%.', 'poh2%.', 'ppj2%.', 'ppp3%.', 'prm2%.', 'pro6%.', 'prp2%.', 'psp4%.', 'puh2%.', 'pul2%.', 'qub2%.', 'rai2%.', 'rar2%.', 'rco2%.', 'rcr2%.', 'rfc2%.', 'rmb2%.', 'rpm2%.', 'rse2%.', 'rvr2%.', 'sae2%.', 'sen2%.', 'sfp2%.', 'smb2%.', 'smm2%.', 'smmd%.', 'smo2%.', 'smsc%.', 'sst2%.', 'sst3%.', 'sstr%.', 'sus2%.', 'tch2%.', 'tcr4%.', 'tpg2%.', 'trc2%.', 'tre%.', 'uar2%.', 'ueg2%.', 'uro2%.', 'viw2%.', 'vms3%.', 'vro2%.', 'vzj2%.', 'we%.', 'wjo2%.', 'wlb3%.', 'wll2%.', 'wsb%.'}, -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&amp;oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2
	['1016'] = {'j%.aace', 'j%.aed', 'j%.aiopen', 'j%.animal', 'j%.apsb', 'j%.addicn',	-- AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes, AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes, AI Open, Animal, Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Addiction Neuroscience
				'j%.abrep', 'j%.fob', 'j%.gpb', 'j%.heliyon', 'j%.mucimm%.', 'j%.nlp', 'j%.patter', 'j%.proche', -- Addictive Behaviors Reports, FEBS Open Bio, Genomics, Proteomics &amp; Bioinformatics after 2015, Heliyon, Mucosal Immunology, Natural Language Processing, Patterns, Procedia Chemistry
				'j%.vgie', 'S1672-0229', 'S1933-0219'},		                                -- VideoGIE, Genomics, Proteomics &amp; Bioinformatics before 2015, Mucosal Immunology
	['1017'] = {'apj%.', 'nlp', 'mdh', 'S15574660'},  							-- Natural Language Processing Journal, Medical History, Asia Pacific Journal
	['1021'] = {'acscentsci', 'acsomega'},                                      -- ACS Central Science, ACS Omega
	['1029'] = {'2025cn', '2025csj', '2025ea', '2025gc', '2025gh', '2025ms', '2025sw', '2025wr', '2026ef', '2026gl', '2026jh', 'aga2.70129'}, -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&amp;oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2
	['1038'] = {'41541%.', '43246%.', 'asiamat%.', 'boneres%.', 'cddis%.', 'cddiscovery%.', 'celldisc%.', 'mi%.', 'nutd%.', 'oncsis%.', 's40494', 's41377', 's41392', 's41396', 's41398', 's41405', 's41407', 's41408', 's41439', 's41467', 's41514', 's41522', 's41523', 's41524', 's41525', 's41526', 's41528', 's41529', 's41531', 's41533', 's41534', 's41535', 's41536', 's41537', 's41538', 's41539', 's41540', 's41545', 's41598', 's41612', 's41698', 's41699', 's41746', 's42003', 's42004', 's42005', 's42949', 's43247', 's43705', 's43856', 's44168', 's44172', 's44182', 's44183', 's44184', 's44185', 's44259', 's44260', 's44264', 's44271', 's44276', 's44294', 's44296', 's44298', 's44303', 's44304', 's44306', 's44310', 's44323', 's44324', 's44325', 's44328', 's44333', 's44334', 's44335', 's44341', 's44355', 's44383', 's44384', 's44385', 's44386', 's44387', 's44400', 's44401', 's44406', 's44407', 's44431', 's44432', 's44433', 's44434', 's44435', 's44440', 's44453', 's44454', 's44455', 's44456', 's44458', 's44459', 's44482', 's44484', 's44485', 's44488', 's44513', 's44528', 'sdata%.'}, -- Nature journals (npj series, Communications series, and many others, see https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1368822567 and https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=1368822567)
	['1046'] = {'j%.1365-8711', 'j%.1365-246x'},								-- MNRAS, GJI
	['1049'] = {'aie2%.', 'blc2%.', 'bme2', 'bsb2%.', 'ccs2%.', 'cds2', 'cdt2', 'cim2%.', 'cit2%.', 'cmu2%.', 'cps2%.', 'csy2%.', 'cth2%.', 'cvi2%.', 'dgt2%.', 'ein2%.', 'ell2%.', 'elp2%.', 'els2', 'ema3%.', 'enb2%.', 'enc2%.', 'esi2%.', 'gtd2%.', 'htl2%.', 'hve2%.', 'ipr2%.', 'ise2', 'itr2%.', 'mia2%.', 'mna2%.', 'nbt2', 'nde2%.', 'ntw2%.', 'ote2%.', 'pel2%.', 'qtc2%.', 'rpg2%.', 'rsn2%.', 'ses2%.', 'sfw2', 'sil2', 'smc2%.', 'smt2%.', 'stg2%.', 'syb2%.', 'tje2%.', 'wss2%.'},     -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&amp;oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2
	['1051'] = {'parasite'},                                                    -- Parasite
	['1057'] = {'s41599'},                                                      -- Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
	['1093'] = {'mnras', 'mnrasl', 'gji', 'pnasnexus', 'rasti', 'ismeco', 'ismejo'},				-- MNRAS, MNRAS Letters, GJI, PNAS Nexus, RASTI, ISME Communications, ISME Journal
	['1096'] = {'fba%.'},														-- FASEB BioAdvances
	['1098'] = {'rsbm', 'rsob', 'rsos'},                                        -- Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Open Biology, Royal Society Open Science
	['1099'] = {'acmi', 'mic', '00221287', 'mgen'},                             -- Access Microbiology, Microbiology, Journal of General Microbiology, Microbial Genomics
	['1107'] = {'S20569890', 'S20522525', 'S16005775', 'S24143146'},            -- Acta Crystallographica E, IUCrJ, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, IUCrData
	['1109'] = {'access', 'oa', 'oj'},                                          -- IEEE Access, IEEE Open Access..., IEEE Open Journal...
	['1111'] = {'1365-2435', '1442-1984', '1751-7915', '1753-0407', '1755-0998', '1758-2229', '1759-7714', '2041-210x', 'j%.1365-2966', 'j%.1745-3933', 'j%.1365-246X','acel%.', 'adb%.', 'anec%.', 'aogs%.', 'bor%.', 'bpa%.', 'cas%.', 'con4%.', 'cpr%.', 'crj%.', 'csp2%.', 'cts%.', 'ddi%.', 'ejed%.', 'ene%.', 'eva%.', 'gbb%.', 'gcbb%.', 'hex%.', 'irv%.', 'iwj%.', 'jch%.', 'jcmm%.', 'jdi%.', 'jfr3%.', 'jocd%.', 'jwas%.', 'mcn%.', 'mpp%.', 'myc%.', 'nrm%.', 'os%.', 'pbi%.', 'srt%.'},  -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&amp;oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2
	['1112'] = {'tlm3%.'},														-- Transactions of the London Mathematical Society
	['1113'] = {'ep'},															-- Experimental Physiology
	['1128'] = {'asmcr', 'jmbe', 'mbio', 'mra', 'spectrum', 'msphere', 'msystems'}, --ASM Case Reports, Journal of Microbiology &amp; Biology Education, mBio, Microbiology Resource Announcements, Microbiology Spectrum, mSphere, mSystems
	['1136'] = {'bmjopen'},                                                     -- BMJ Open
	['1140'] = {'epjconf'},														-- EPJ Web of Conferences
	['1161'] = {'jaha%.'},
	['1176'] = {'appi%.prcp%.'},
	['1192'] = {'bjo'},                                                         -- BJPsych Open
	['1210'] = {'jendso','jcemcr'},												-- Journal of the Endocrine Society, JCEM Case Reports
	['1215'] = {'21573689', '21573698'},                                        -- L&amp;O Fluids 
	['1257'] = {'jep'},															-- Journal of Economic Perspectives  	
	['1590'] = {'0102-3306'},                                                   -- Acta Botanica Brasilica
	['2903'] = {'j%.efsa%.'},
	['3322'] = {'caac%.'},
	['3982'] = {'qw', 'te'},
	['4171'] = {'dm','mag'},												    -- Documenta Mathematica, EMS Magazine
	['4319'] = {'lo%.', 'lol%.', 'lom%.'},                                      -- L&amp;O, L&amp;O e-Lectures, L&amp;O Methods
	['5852'] = {'ejt'},                                                         -- European Journal of Taxonomy
	['7155'] = {'jgaa'},                                                        -- Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications
	['7758'] =  {'rsf'},                                                        -- RSJ Journal
	['11158'] = {'saasp'},                                                      -- Systematic and Applied Acarology Special Publications
	['11646'] = {'megataxa', 'mesozoic'},                                       -- Megataxa, Mesozoic
	['14231'] = {'ag'},															-- Algebraic Geometry
	['14814'] = {'phy2%.'},
	['15302'] = {'vr%.'},
	['15446'] = {'abc'},                                                        -- Acta Biológica Colombiana
	['17239'] = {'jowr'},                                                       -- Journal of Writing Research
	['22073'] = {'pja'},                                                        -- Persian Journal of Acarology
	['24310'] = {'abm'},                                                        -- Acta Botanica Malacitana
	['24425'] = {'agp'},                                                        -- Acta  Geologica  Polonica
	['35249'] = {'rche'},                                                       -- Revista Chilena de Entomología
	['37520'] = {'fi'},                                                         -- Fossil Imprint
	['53562'] = {'ajcb'}                                                        -- Asian Journal of Conservation Biology
	}


--[[===================&lt;&lt; E R R O R   M E S S A G I N G &gt;&gt;======================
]]

--[[----------&lt; E R R O R   M E S S A G E   S U P P L E M E N T S &gt;-------------

I18N for those messages that are supplemented with additional specific text that
describes the reason for the error

TODO: merge this with special_case_translations{}?
]]

local err_msg_supl = {
	['char'] = 'invalid character',												-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	['check'] = 'checksum',														-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	empty_str = '(empty string)',												-- empty unknown parameter check when cite has |=
	['flag'] = 'flag',															-- |archive-url=
	['form'] = 'invalid form',													-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	['group'] = 'invalid group id',												-- |isbn=
	['initials'] = 'initials',													-- Vancouver
	['invalid language code'] = 'invalid language code',						-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['journal'] = 'journal',													-- |bibcode=
	['length'] = 'length',														-- |isbn=, |bibcode=, |sbn=
	['liveweb'] = 'liveweb',													-- |archive-url=
	['missing comma'] = 'missing comma',										-- Vancouver
	['missing prefix'] = 'missing prefix',										-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['missing title part'] = 'missing title part',								-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['name'] = 'name',															-- Vancouver
	['non-Latin char'] = 'non-Latin character',									-- Vancouver
	['path'] = 'path',															-- |archive-url=
	['prefix'] = 'invalid prefix',												-- |isbn=
	['punctuation'] = 'punctuation',											-- Vancouver
	['save'] = 'save command',													-- |archive-url=
	['suffix'] = 'suffix',														-- Vancouver
	['timestamp'] = 'timestamp',												-- |archive-url=
	['unknown language code'] = 'unknown language code',						-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['value'] = 'value',														-- |bibcode=
	['year'] = 'year',															-- |bibcode=
	}


--[[--------------&lt; E R R O R _ C O N D I T I O N S &gt;---------------------------

Error condition table.  This table has two sections: errors at the top, maintenance
at the bottom.  Maint 'messaging' does not have a 'message' (message=nil)

The following contains a list of IDs for various error conditions defined in the
code.  For each ID, we specify a text message to display, an error category to
include, and whether the error message should be wrapped as a hidden comment.

Anchor changes require identical changes to matching anchor in Help:CS1 errors

TODO: rename error_conditions{} to something more generic; create separate error
and maint tables inside that?

]]

local error_conditions = {
	err_accessdate_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;access-date=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'accessdate_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: access-date without URL',
		hidden = false
 		},
	err_apostrophe_markup = {
		message = 'Italic or bold markup not allowed in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'apostrophe_markup',
		category = 'CS1 errors: markup',
		hidden = false
 		},
	err_archive_date_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-date=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_date_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_date_url_ts_mismatch = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-date=&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; timestamp mismatch; $1 suggested',
		anchor = 'archive_date_url_ts_mismatch',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_missing_date = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-date=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_date',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; is malformed: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'archive_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_arxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'arxiv_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv',											-- same as bad arxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_asintld_missing_asin = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'asintld_missing_asin',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ASIN TLD',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_arxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_arxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_asin = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_asin',
		category ='CS1 errors: ASIN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_asin_tld = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin-tld=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_asin_tld',
		category ='CS1 errors: ASIN TLD',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_bibcode = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;bibcode=&lt;/code&gt; $1',		-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_bibcode',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bibcode',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_biorxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;biorxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_biorxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_citeseerx = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;citeseerx=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_citeseerx',
		category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_date = {
		message = 'Check date values in: $1',									-- $1 is a parameter name list
		anchor = 'bad_date',
		category = 'CS1 errors: dates',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_doi = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;doi=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_doi',
		category = 'CS1 errors: DOI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_hdl = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;hdl=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_hdl',
		category = 'CS1 errors: HDL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_isbn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;isbn=&lt;/code&gt; value: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_isbn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISBN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ismn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ismn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ismn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISMN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_issn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1issn=&lt;/code&gt; value',	-- $1 is 'e' or '' for eissn or issn
		anchor = 'bad_issn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISSN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_jfm = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;jfm=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_jfm',
		category = 'CS1 errors: JFM',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_jstor = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;jstor=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_jstor',
		category = 'CS1 errors: JSTOR',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_lccn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;lccn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_lccn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: LCCN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_medrxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;medrxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_medrxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: medRxiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_mr = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;mr=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_mr',
		category = 'CS1 errors: MR',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_oclc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;oclc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_oclc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OCLC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ol = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ol=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ol',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_osti = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;osti=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_osti',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OSTI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_paramlink = {														-- for |title-link=, |author/editor/translator-link=, |series-link=, |episode-link=
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; value',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bad_paramlink',
		category = 'CS1 errors: parameter link',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_pmc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_pmc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_pmid = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmid=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_pmid',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMID',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_rfc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;rfc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_rfc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: RFC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_s2cid = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;s2cid=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_s2cid',
		category = 'CS1 errors: S2CID',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_sbn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;sbn=&lt;/code&gt; value: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_sbn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SBN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ssrn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ssrn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ssrn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_url = {
		message = 'Check $1 value',												-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bad_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_usenet_id = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;message-id=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_message_id',
		category = 'CS1 errors: message-id',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_zbl = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;zbl=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_zbl',
		category = 'CS1 errors: Zbl',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bare_url_missing_title = {
		message = '$1 missing title',											-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bare_url_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bare URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_biorxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;biorxiv=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'biorxiv_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv',										-- same as bad bioRxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_chapter_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'chapter_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: chapter ignored',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_citation_missing_title = {
		message = 'Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'citation_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing title',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_citeseerx_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;citeseerx=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'citeseerx_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx',										-- same as bad citeseerx
		hidden = false
		},
	err_cite_web_url = {														-- this error applies to cite web and to cite podcast
		message = 'Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'cite_web_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: requires URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_class_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;class=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'class_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: class',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_contributor_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;contributor=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'contributor_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: contributor',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_contributor_missing_required_param = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;contributor=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'contributor_missing_required_param',
		category = 'CS1 errors: contributor',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_deprecated_params = {
		message = 'Cite uses deprecated parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'deprecated_params',
		category = 'CS1 errors: deprecated parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_disp_name = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=$2&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name; $2 is the assigned value
		anchor = 'disp_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: display-names',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_doibroken_missing_doi = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;doi=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'doibroken_missing_doi',
		category = 'CS1 errors: DOI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_embargo_missing_pmc = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmc=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'embargo_missing_pmc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMC embargo',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_empty_citation = {
		message = 'Empty citation',
		anchor = 'empty_citation',
		category = 'CS1 errors: empty citation',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_etal = {
		message = 'Explicit use of et al. in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'explicit_et_al',
		category = 'CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_extra_text_edition = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;edition=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',
		anchor = 'extra_text_edition',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: edition',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_issue = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_issue',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: issue',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_pages = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_pages',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: pages',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_volume = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_volume',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: volume',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_first_missing_last = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; missing &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is first alias, $2 is matching last alias
		anchor = 'first_missing_last',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing name',									-- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator
		hidden = false
		},
	err_format_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is format parameter $2 is url parameter
		anchor = 'format_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: format without URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_generic_name = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has generic name',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'generic_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: generic name',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_generic_title = {
		message = 'Cite uses generic title',
		anchor = 'generic_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: generic title',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_invalid_isbn_date = {
		message = 'ISBN / Date incompatibility',
		anchor = 'invalid_isbn_date',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISBN date',
		hidden = true
		},
	err_invalid_param_val = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=$2&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name $2 is parameter value
		anchor = 'invalid_param_val',
		category = 'CS1 errors: invalid parameter value',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_invisible_char = {
		message = '$1 in $2 at position $3',									-- $1 is invisible char $2 is parameter name $3 is position number
		anchor = 'invisible_char',
		category = 'CS1 errors: invisible characters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_medrxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;medrxiv=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'medrxiv_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: medRxiv',										-- same as bad medRxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_name = {
		message = 'Missing &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1$2=&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is modified NameList; $2 is enumerator
		anchor = 'missing_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing name',									-- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_periodical = {
		message = 'Cite $1 requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical periodical parameter name for cite $1
		anchor = 'missing_periodical',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing periodical',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_pipe = {
		message = 'Missing pipe in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'missing_pipe',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing pipe',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_publisher = {
		message = 'Cite $1 requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical publisher parameter name for cite $1
		anchor = 'missing_publisher',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing publisher',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_numeric_names = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has numeric name',	-- $1 is parameter name',
		anchor = 'numeric_names',
		category = 'CS1 errors: numeric name',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_param_access_requires_param = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1-access=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_access_requires_param',
		category = 'CS1 errors: param-access',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_has_ext_link = {
		message = 'External link in &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_has_ext_link',
		category = 'CS1 errors: external links',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_has_twl_url = {
		message = 'Wikipedia Library link in &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_has_twl_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_parameter_ignored = {
		message = 'Unknown parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_parameter_ignored_suggest = {
		message = 'Unknown parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored (&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt; suggested)',	-- $1 is unknown parameter $2 is suggested parameter name
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored_suggest',
		category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_periodical_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'periodical_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: periodical ignored',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_redundant_parameters = {
		message = 'More than one of $1 specified',								-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'redundant_parameters',
		category = 'CS1 errors: redundant parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_script_parameter = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;: $2',		-- $1 is parameter name $2 is script language code or error detail
		anchor = 'script_parameter',
		category = 'CS1 errors: script parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_ssrn_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ssrn=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'ssrn_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_text_ignored = {
		message = 'Text &quot;$1&quot; ignored',											-- $1 is ignored text
		anchor = 'text_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: unrecognized parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_trans_missing_title = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;trans-$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;script-$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is base parameter name
		anchor = 'trans_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: translated title',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_unknown_empty = {
		message = 'Cite has empty unknown parameter$1: $2',						-- $1 is 's' or empty space; $2 is emty unknown param list
		anchor = 'param_unknown_empty',
		category = 'CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_vancouver = {
		message = 'Vancouver style error: $1 in name $2',						-- $1 is error detail, $2 is the nth name
		anchor = 'vancouver',
		category = 'CS1 errors: Vancouver style',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_wikilink_in_url = {
		message = 'URL–wikilink conflict',										-- uses ndash
		anchor = 'wikilink_in_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict',							-- uses ndash
		hidden = false
		},


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A I N T &gt;-------------------------------------

maint messages do not have a message (message = nil); otherwise the structure
is the same as error messages

]]

	maint_archive_origin = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'archive_origin',
		category = 'CS1 maint: archive origin',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_archived_copy = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'archived_copy',
		category = 'CS1 maint: archived copy as title',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_bibcode = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'bibcode',
		category = 'CS1 maint: bibcode',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_location_no_publisher = {												-- cite book, conference, encyclopedia; citation as book cite or encyclopedia cite
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'location_no_publisher',
		category = 'CS1 maint: location missing publisher',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_bot_unknown = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'bot:_unknown',
		category = 'CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_auto_xlated = {													-- date auto-translation not supported by en.wiki
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_auto_xlated',
		category = 'CS1 maint: date auto-translated',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: date format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_year = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_year',
		category = 'CS1 maint: date and year',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_deprecated_archive = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'deprecated_archive',
		category = 'CS1 maint: deprecated archival service',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_ignore',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ignored DOI errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_inactive = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_inactive',
		category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_inactive_dated = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_inactive_dated',
		category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of $2$3$1',						-- $1 is year, $2 is month-name or empty string, $3 is space or empty string
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_unflagged_free = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_unflagged_free',
		category = 'CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_extra_punct = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'extra_punct',
		category = 'CS1 maint: extra punctuation',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_id_limit_load_fail = {												-- applies to all cs1|2 templates on a page; 
		message = nil,															-- maint message (category link) never emitted
		anchor = 'id_limit_load_fail',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ID limit load fail',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_isbn_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ignore_isbn_err',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_issn_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ignore_issn',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISSN errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_jfm_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'jfm_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: JFM format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_location = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'location',
		category = 'CS1 maint: location',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_misc_url = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'misc_url',
		category = 'CS1 maint: miscellaneous url',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_missing_class = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'missing_class',
		category = 'CS1 maint: missing class',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_mr_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'mr_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: MR format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_mult_names = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'mult_names',
		category = 'CS1 maint: multiple names: $1',								-- $1 is '&lt;name&gt;s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_numeric_names = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'numeric_names',
		category = 'CS1 maint: numeric names: $1',								-- $1 is '&lt;name&gt;s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_others = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'others',
		category = 'CS1 maint: others',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_others_avm = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'others_avm',
		category = 'CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes)',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_overridden_setting = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'overridden',
		category = 'CS1 maint: overridden setting',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_page_art_num = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'page_art_num',
		category = 'CS1 maint: article number as page number',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_periodical_has_isbn = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'periodical_has_isbn',
		category = 'CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_pmc_embargo = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'embargo',
		category = 'CS1 maint: PMC embargo expired',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_pmc_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'pmc_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: PMC format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_postscript = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'postscript',
		category = 'CS1 maint: postscript',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_publisher_location = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'publisher_location',
		category = 'CS1 maint: publisher location',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_ref_duplicates_default = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ref_default',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ref duplicates default',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_shortened_archive_url = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'shortened_archive_url',
		category = 'CS1 maint: shortened archive url',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_unknown_lang = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'unknown_lang',
		category = 'CS1 maint: unrecognized language',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_untitled = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'untitled',
		category = 'CS1 maint: untitled periodical',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_url_status = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'url_status',
		category = 'CS1 maint: url-status',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_work_isbn = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'work_isbn',
		category = 'CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_year= {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'year',
		category = 'CS1 maint: year',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_zbl = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'zbl',
		category = 'CS1 maint: Zbl',
		hidden = true,
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; I D _ L I M I T S _ D A T A _ T &gt;----------------------------------------------

fetch id limits for certain identifiers from c:Data:CS1/Identifier limits.tab.  This source is a json tabular 
data file maintained at wikipedia commons.  Convert the json format to a table of k/v pairs.

The values from &lt;id_limits_data_t&gt; are used to set handle.id_limit.

From 2025-02-21, MediaWiki is broken.  Use this link to edit the tablular data file:
	https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data:CS1/Identifier_limits.tab&amp;action=edit
See Phab:T389105

]]

local id_limits_data_t;
local id_limits_data_load_fail = false;											-- flag; assume that we will be successful when loading json id limit tabular data

local use_commons_data = true;													-- set to false if your wiki does not have access to mediawiki commons; then,
if false == use_commons_data then												-- update this table from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:CS1/Identifier_limits.tab; last update: 2026-08-02
	id_limits_data_t = {['OCLC'] = 11160000000, ['OSTI'] = 23010000, ['PMC'] = 13500000, ['PMID'] = 42900000, ['RFC'] = 9300, ['SSRN'] = 7500000, ['S2CID'] = 290000000};	-- this table must be maintained locally

else																			-- here for wikis that do have access to mediawiki commons
	local load_fail_limit = 99999999999;										-- very high number to avoid error messages on load failure
	id_limits_data_t = {['OCLC'] = load_fail_limit, ['OSTI'] = load_fail_limit, ['PMC'] = load_fail_limit, ['PMID'] = load_fail_limit, ['RFC'] = load_fail_limit, ['SSRN'] = load_fail_limit, ['S2CID'] = load_fail_limit};
	
	if mw.ext.data == nil then
		id_limits_data_load_fail = true;										-- safeguard against Lua errors if mw.ext.data is not available for some reason
	else
		local tab_data_t = mw.ext.data.get ('CS1/Identifier limits.tab');		-- attempt to load the tabular data from commons into &lt;tab_data_t&gt;
		if false == tab_data_t then												-- undocumented 'feature': mw.ext.data.get() sometimes returns false
			id_limits_data_load_fail = true;									-- set the flag so that Module:Citation/CS1 can create an unannotated maint category
		else
			for _, limit_t in ipairs (tab_data_t.data) do						-- overwrite default &lt;load_fail_limit&gt; values from the data table in the tabular data
				id_limits_data_t[limit_t[1]] = limit_t[2];						-- &lt;limit[1]&gt; is identifier; &lt;limit[2]&gt; is upper limit for that identifier
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I D _ H A N D L E R S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

The following contains a list of values for various defined identifiers.  For each
identifier we specify a variety of information necessary to properly render the
identifier in the citation.

	parameters: a list of parameter aliases for this identifier; first in the list is the canonical form
	link: Wikipedia article name
	redirect: a local redirect to a local Wikipedia article name;  at en.wiki, 'ISBN (identifier)' is a redirect to 'International Standard Book Number'
	q: Wikidata q number for the identifier
	label: the label preceding the identifier; label is linked to a Wikipedia article (in this order):
		redirect from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].redirect when use_identifier_redirects is true
		Wikidata-supplied article name for the local wiki from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].q
		local article name from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].link
	prefix: the first part of a URL that will be concatenated with a second part which usually contains the identifier
	suffix: optional third part to be added after the identifier
	encode: true if URI should be percent-encoded; otherwise false
	COinS: identifier link or keyword for use in COinS:
		for identifiers registered at info-uri.info use: info:.... where '...' is the appropriate identifier label 
		for identifiers that have COinS keywords, use the keyword: rft.isbn, rft.issn, rft.eissn
		for |asin= and |ol=, which require assembly, use the keyword: url
		for others make a URL using the value in prefix/suffix and #label, use the keyword: pre (not checked; any text other than 'info', 'rft', or 'url' works here)
		set to nil to leave the identifier out of the COinS
	separator: character or text between label and the identifier in the rendered citation
	id_limit: for those identifiers with established limits, this property holds the upper limit
	access: use this parameter to set the access level for all instances of this identifier.
		the value must be a valid access level for an identifier (see ['id-access'] in this file).
	custom_access: to enable custom access level for an identifier, set this parameter
		to the parameter that should control it (normally 'id-access')
		
]]

local id_handlers = {
	['ARXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'arxiv', 'eprint'},
		link = 'arXiv',
		redirect = 'arXiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q118398',
		label = 'arXiv',
		prefix = 'https://arxiv.org/abs/',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:arxiv',
		separator = ':',
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['ASIN'] = {
		parameters = { 'asin', 'ASIN' },
		link = 'Amazon Standard Identification Number',
		redirect = 'ASIN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1753278',
		label = 'ASIN',
		prefix = 'https://www.amazon.',
		COinS = 'url',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = false;
		},
	['BIBCODE'] = {
		parameters = {'bibcode'},
		link = 'Bibcode',
		redirect = 'Bibcode (identifier)',
		q = 'Q25754',
		label = 'Bibcode',
		prefix = 'https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:bibcode',
		separator = ':',
		custom_access = 'bibcode-access',
		},
	['BIORXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'biorxiv'},
		link = 'bioRxiv',
		redirect = 'bioRxiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q19835482',
		label = 'bioRxiv',
		prefix = 'https://doi.org/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['CITESEERX'] = {
		parameters = {'citeseerx'},
		link = 'CiteSeerX',
		redirect = 'CiteSeerX (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2715061',
		label = 'CiteSeerX',
		prefix = 'https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=',
		COinS =  'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['DOI'] = {																	-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
		parameters = { 'doi', 'DOI'},
		link = 'Digital object identifier',
		redirect = 'doi (identifier)',
		q = 'Q25670',
		label = 'doi',
		prefix = 'https://doi.org/',
		COinS = 'info:doi',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'doi-access',
		},
	['EISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'eissn', 'EISSN'},
		link = 'International Standard Serial Number#Electronic ISSN',
		redirect = 'eISSN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q46339674',
		label = 'eISSN',
		prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.eissn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['HDL'] = {
		parameters = { 'hdl', 'HDL' },
		link = 'Handle System',
		redirect = 'hdl (identifier)',
		q = 'Q3126718',
		label = 'hdl',
		prefix = 'https://hdl.handle.net/',
		COinS = 'info:hdl',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'hdl-access',
		},
	['ISBN'] = {																-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
		parameters = {'isbn', 'ISBN'},
		link = 'International Standard Book Number',
		redirect = 'ISBN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q33057',
		label = 'ISBN',
		prefix = 'Special:BookSources/',
		COinS = 'rft.isbn',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ISMN'] = {
		parameters = {'ismn', 'ISMN'},
		link = 'International Standard Music Number',
		redirect = 'ISMN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1666938',
		label = 'ISMN',
		prefix = '',															-- not currently used;
		COinS = nil,															-- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info:
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'issn', 'ISSN'},
		link = 'International Standard Serial Number',
		redirect = 'ISSN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q131276',
		label = 'ISSN',
		prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.issn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['JFM'] = {
		parameters = {'jfm', 'JFM'},
		link = 'Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik',
		redirect = 'JFM (identifier)',
		q = '',
		label = 'JFM',
		prefix = 'https://zbmath.org/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['JSTOR'] = {
		parameters = {'jstor', 'JSTOR'},
		link = 'JSTOR',
		redirect = 'JSTOR (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1420342',
		label = 'JSTOR',
		prefix = 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		custom_access = 'jstor-access',
		},
	['LCCN'] = {
		parameters = {'lccn', 'LCCN'},
		link = 'Library of Congress Control Number',
		redirect = 'LCCN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q620946',
		label = 'LCCN',
		prefix = 'https://lccn.loc.gov/',
		COinS = 'info:lccn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['MEDRXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'medrxiv'},
		link = 'medRxiv',
		redirect = 'medRxiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q58465838',
		label = 'medRxiv',
		prefix = 'https://www.medrxiv.org/content/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['MR'] = {
		parameters = {'mr', 'MR'},
		link = 'Mathematical Reviews',
		redirect = 'MR (identifier)',
		q = 'Q211172',
		label = 'MR',
		prefix = 'https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['OCLC'] = {
		parameters = {'oclc', 'OCLC'},
		link = 'OCLC',
		redirect = 'OCLC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q190593',
		label = 'OCLC',
		prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/',
		COinS = 'info:oclcnum',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.OCLC or 0,
		},
	['OL'] = {
		parameters = { 'ol', 'OL' },
		link = 'Open Library',
		redirect = 'OL (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1201876',
		label = 'OL',
		prefix = 'https://openlibrary.org/',
		COinS = 'url',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'ol-access',
		},
	['OSTI'] = {
		parameters = {'osti', 'OSTI'},
		link = 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information',
		redirect = 'OSTI (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2015776',
		label = 'OSTI',
		prefix = 'https://www.osti.gov/biblio/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.OSTI or 0,
		custom_access = 'osti-access',
		},
	['PMC'] = {
		parameters = {'pmc', 'PMC'},
		link = 'PubMed Central',
		redirect = 'PMC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q229883',
		label = 'PMC',
		prefix = 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC',
		suffix = '',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.PMC or 0,
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['PMID'] = {
		parameters = {'pmid', 'PMID'},
		link = 'PubMed Identifier',
		redirect = 'PMID (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2082879',
		label = 'PMID',
		prefix = 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/',
		COinS = 'info:pmid',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.PMID or 0,
		},
	['RFC'] = {
		parameters = {'rfc', 'RFC'},
		link = 'Request for Comments',
		redirect = 'RFC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q212971',
		label = 'RFC',
		prefix = 'https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.RFC or 0,
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['SBN'] = {
		parameters = {'sbn', 'SBN'},
		link = 'Standard Book Number',											-- redirect to International_Standard_Book_Number#History
		redirect = 'SBN (identifier)',
		label = 'SBN',
		prefix = 'Special:BookSources/0-',										-- prefix has leading zero necessary to make 9-digit sbn a 10-digit isbn
		COinS = nil,															-- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info:
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['SSRN'] = {
		parameters = {'ssrn', 'SSRN'},
		link = 'Social Science Research Network',
		redirect = 'SSRN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q7550801',
		label = 'SSRN',
		prefix = 'https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.SSRN or 0,
		custom_access = 'ssrn-access',
		},
	['S2CID'] = {
		parameters = {'s2cid', 'S2CID'},
		link = 'Semantic Scholar',
		redirect = 'S2CID (identifier)',
		q = 'Q22908627',
		label = 'S2CID',
		prefix = 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.S2CID or 0,
		custom_access = 's2cid-access',
		},
	['USENETID'] = {
		parameters = {'message-id'},
		link = 'Usenet',
		redirect = 'Usenet (identifier)',
		q = 'Q193162',
		label = 'Usenet:',
		prefix = 'news:',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ZBL'] = {
		parameters = {'zbl', 'ZBL' },
		link = 'Zentralblatt MATH',
		redirect = 'Zbl (identifier)',
		q = 'Q190269',
		label = 'Zbl',
		prefix = 'https://zbmath.org/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;---------------------------------
]]

return 	{
	use_identifier_redirects = use_identifier_redirects,						-- booleans defined in the settings at the top of this module
	local_lang_cat_enable = local_lang_cat_enable,
	date_name_auto_xlate_enable = date_name_auto_xlate_enable,
	date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = date_digit_auto_xlate_enable,
	enable_sort_keys = enable_sort_keys,
	suppress_archive_today_urls = suppress_archive_today_urls,
	
																				-- tables and variables created when this module is loaded
	dependencies_t = dependencies_t,											-- used to suppress parameters dependent on url-holding parameters holding archive.today urls
	enum_needs_xlation = '1' ~= date_names.xlate_digits['1'],					-- to avoid unnecessary enumerator translation
	global_df = get_date_format (),												-- this line can be replaced with &quot;global_df = 'dmy-all',&quot; to have all dates auto translated to dmy format.
	global_cs1_config_t = global_cs1_config_t,									-- global settings from {{cs1 config}}
	id_limits_data_load_fail = id_limits_data_load_fail,						-- true when commons tabular identifier-limit data fails to load
	known_free_doi_registrants_t = build_free_doi_registrants_table(),
	punct_skip = build_skip_table (punct_skip, punct_meta_params),
	url_skip = build_skip_table (url_skip, url_meta_params),

	archive_today_tlds_t = {['today'] = true, ['ph'] = true, ['is'] = true, ['md'] = true, ['li'] = true, ['fo'] = true, ['vn'] = true};	-- used by is_archive_today_url()
	name_space_sort_keys = name_space_sort_keys,
	aliases = aliases,
	special_case_translation = special_case_translation,
	date_names = date_names,
	err_msg_supl = err_msg_supl,
	error_conditions = error_conditions,
	et_al_patterns = et_al_patterns,
	extended_registrants_t = extended_registrants_t,
	id_handlers = id_handlers,
	keywords_lists = keywords_lists,
	keywords_xlate = keywords_xlate,
	stripmarkers = stripmarkers,
	invisible_chars = invisible_chars,
	invisible_defs = invisible_defs,
	indic_script = indic_script,
	emoji_t = emoji_t,
	messages = messages,
	presentation = presentation,
	prop_cats = prop_cats,
	script_lang_codes = script_lang_codes,
	lang_tag_remap = lang_tag_remap,
	lang_name_remap = lang_name_remap,
	this_wiki_code = this_wiki_code,
	title_types = title_types,
	uncategorized_namespaces = uncategorized_namespaces_t,
	uncategorized_subpages = uncategorized_subpages,
	templates_using_volume = templates_using_volume,
	templates_using_issue = templates_using_issue,
	templates_not_using_page = templates_not_using_page,
	vol_iss_pg_patterns = vol_iss_pg_patterns,
	single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t = single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t,
	url_access_map_t = url_access_map_t,
	
	inter_wiki_map = inter_wiki_map,
	mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw_languages_by_tag_t,
	mw_languages_by_name_t = mw_languages_by_name_t,
	citation_class_map_t = citation_class_map_t,

	citation_issue_t = citation_issue_t,
	citation_no_volume_t = citation_no_volume_t,
	}</text>
      <sha1>e7w2jpc8m3hf485c54y7d0wmq4zi17p</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339251</id>
      <parentid>339250</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339250</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="133249" sha1="e7w2jpc8m3hf485c54y7d0wmq4zi17p" xml:space="preserve">local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage();										-- make a language object for the local language; used here for languages and dates 


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T T I N G S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

boolean settings used to control various things.  these setting located here to make them easy to find

]]
																				-- these settings local to this module only
local local_digits_from_mediawiki = false;										-- for i18n; when true, module fills date_names['local_digits'] from MediaWiki; manual fill required else; always false at en.wiki

																				-- these settings exported to other modules
local use_identifier_redirects = true;											-- when true use redirect name for identifier label links; always true at en.wiki
local local_lang_cat_enable = false;											-- when true categorizes pages where |language=&lt;local wiki's language&gt;; always false at en.wiki
local date_name_auto_xlate_enable = false;										-- when true translates English month-names to the local-wiki's language month names; always false at en.wiki
local date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = false;										-- when true translates Western date digit to the local-wiki's language digits (date_names['local_digits']); always false at en.wiki
local enable_sort_keys = true;													-- when true module adds namespace sort keys to error and maintenance category links

local suppress_archive_today_urls = true;										-- when true module suppresses all parameters with an archive.today url and any deprendent parameters

--[[--------------------------&lt; U N C A T E G O R I Z E D _ N A M E S P A C E S &gt;------------------------------

List of namespaces identifiers for namespaces that will not be included in citation error categories.
Same as setting notracking = true by default.

For wikis that have a current version of Module:cs1 documentation support, this #invoke will return an unordered
list of namespace names and their associated identifiers:
	{{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|uncategorized_namespace_lister|all=&lt;anything&gt;}}

]]

local uncategorized_namespaces_t = {[2]=true};										-- init with user namespace id
for k, _ in pairs (mw.site.talkNamespaces) do									-- add all talk namespace ids
	uncategorized_namespaces_t[k] = true;
end

local uncategorized_subpages = {'/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases', '/[^/]*[Ll]og', '/[Aa]rchive'};		-- list of Lua patterns found in page names of pages we should not categorize

--[[
at en.wiki Greek characters are used as sort keys for certain items in a category so that those items are
placed at the end of a category page.  See Wikipedia:Categorization#Sort_keys.  That works well for en.wiki
because English is written using the Latn script.  This may not work well for other languages.  At en.wiki it
is desireable to place content from certain namespaces at the end of a category listing so the module adds sort
keys to error and maintenance category links when rendering a cs1|2 template on a page in that namespace.

i18n: if this does not work well for your language, set &lt;enable_sort_keys&gt; to false.
]]

local name_space_sort_keys = {													-- sort keys to be used with these namespaces:
	[4] = 'ω',																	-- wikipedia; omega
	[10] = 'τ',																	-- template; tau
	[118] = 'Δ', 																-- draft; delta
	['other'] = 'ο',															-- all other non-talk namespaces except main (article); omicron
	}

--[[--------------------------&lt; M E S S A G E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Translation table

The following contains fixed text that may be output as part of a citation.
This is separated from the main body to aid in future translations of this
module.

]]

local messages = {
	['agency'] = '$1 $2',														-- $1 is sepc, $2 is agency
	['archived-dead'] = 'Archived from $1 on $2',
	['archived-live'] = '$1 from the original on $2',
	['archived-unfit'] = 'Archived from the original on $1',
	['archived'] = 'Archived',
	['by'] = 'By',																-- contributions to authored works: introduction, foreword, afterword
	['cartography'] = 'Cartography by $1',
	['collaboration'] = '$1 ($2)',												-- $1 is author with et al, $2 is collaboration
	['editor'] = 'ed.',
	['editors'] = 'eds.',
	['edition'] = '($1&amp;nbsp;ed.)',
	['episode'] = 'Episode $1',
	['et al'] = 'et&amp;nbsp;al.',
	['in'] = 'In',																-- edited works
	['inactive'] = ' (inactive $1)',											-- $1 is date which the doi was found to be broken in 
	['inset'] = '$1 inset',
	['interview'] = 'Interviewed by $1',
	invisible_1 = '$1 $2',														-- $1 stripmarker name; $2 is text from &lt;invisible_chars[1]&gt;
	invisible_2 = '$1 character',												-- $1 character name from &lt;invisible_chars[1]&gt;
	['mismatch'] = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt; mismatch',	-- $1 is year param name; $2 is date param name
	['newsgroup'] = '[[Usenet newsgroup|Newsgroup]]:&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['notitle'] = 'No title',													-- for |title=(()) and (in the future) |title=none
	['original'] = 'the original',
	['origdate'] = ' [$1]',
	['published'] = ' (published $1)',
	['retrieved'] = 'Retrieved $1',
	['season'] = 'Season $1',
	['section'] = '§&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['sections'] = '§§&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['series'] = '$1 $2',														-- $1 is sepc, $2 is series
	['seriesnum'] = 'Series $1',
	['translated'] = 'Translated by $1',
	['type'] = ' ($1)',															-- for titletype

	wikidata = 'Wikidata',														-- these used for interwikilinked author/editor/... names
	wikipedia = 'Wikipedia',
	wikisource = 'Wikisource',

	['written'] = 'Written at $1',

	['vol'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc; bold journal style volume is in presentation{}
	['vol-no'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2, no.&amp;nbsp;$3',								-- sepc, volume, issue (alternatively insert $1 after $2, but then we'd also have to change capitalization)
	['issue'] = '$1 No.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc

	['art'] = '$1 Art.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc; for {{cite conference}} only
	['vol-art'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2, art.&amp;nbsp;$3',								-- sepc, volume, article-number; for {{cite conference}} only

	['j-vol'] = '$1 $2',														-- sepc, volume; bold journal volume is in presentation{}
	['j-issue'] = ' ($1)',
	['j-article-num'] = ' $1',													-- TODO: any punctuation here? static text?

	['nopp'] = '$1 $2';															-- page(s) without prefix; $1 is sepc

	['p-prefix'] = &quot;$1 p.&amp;nbsp;$2&quot;,												-- $1 is sepc
	['pp-prefix'] = &quot;$1 pp.&amp;nbsp;$2&quot;,											-- $1 is sepc
	['j-page(s)'] = ': $1',														-- same for page and pages

	['sheet'] = '$1 Sheet&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc
	['sheets'] = '$1 Sheets&amp;nbsp;$2',											-- $1 is sepc
	['j-sheet'] = ': Sheet&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['j-sheets'] = ': Sheets&amp;nbsp;$1',
	
	['language'] = '(in $1)',
	['via'] = &quot; &amp;ndash; via $1&quot;,
	['event'] = 'Event occurs at',
	['minutes'] = ' $1 minutes in',												-- $1 is the number of minutes
	
	-- Determines the location of the help page
	['help page link'] = 'Help:CS1 errors',
	['help page label'] = 'help',
	
	-- categories
	['cat wikilink'] = '[[Category:$1]]',										-- $1 is the category name
	['cat wikilink sk'] = '[[Category:$1|$2]]',									-- $1 is the category name; $2 is namespace sort key
	[':cat wikilink'] = '[[:Category:$1|link]]',								-- category name as maintenance message wikilink; $1 is the category name

	-- Internal errors (should only occur if configuration is bad)
	['undefined_error'] = 'Called with an undefined error condition',
	['unknown_ID_key'] = 'Unrecognized ID key: ',								-- an ID key in id_handlers not found in ~/Identifiers func_map{}
	['unknown_ID_access'] = 'Unrecognized ID access keyword: ',					-- an ID access keyword in id_handlers not found in keywords_lists['id-access']{}
	['unknown_argument_map'] = 'Argument map not defined for this variable',
	['bare_url_no_origin'] = 'Bare URL found but origin indicator is nil or empty',
	
	['warning_msg_e'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:#d33&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{$1}}&lt;/code&gt;: this [[#$2|reference]] has errors&lt;/span&gt;; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).';	-- $1 is template link; $2 is anchor ID
	['warning_msg_m'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:#085&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{$1}}&lt;/code&gt;: this [[#$2|reference]] has maintenance messages&lt;/span&gt;; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).';	-- $1 is template link; $2 is anchor ID
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N _ C L A S S _ M A P &gt;------------------------------------------

this table maps the value assigned to |CitationClass= in the cs1|2 templates to the canonical template name when
the value assigned to |CitationClass= is different from the canonical template name.  |CitationClass= values are
used as class attributes in the &lt;cite&gt; tag that encloses the citation so these names may not contain spaces while
the canonical template name may.  These names are used in warning_msg_e and warning_msg_m to create links to the
template's documentation when an article is displayed in preview mode.

]]

	local citation_class_map_t = {												-- TODO: in Module:Cite/config write a function to use this table 
		arxiv = 'cite arXiv',													-- as the source for known_templates_t and citation_classes_t
		['audio-visual'] = 'cite AV media',
		['AV-media-notes'] = 'cite AV media notes',
		biorxiv = 'cite bioRxiv',
		book = 'cite book',
		citation = 'citation',
		citeseerx = 'cite CiteSeerX',
		conference = 'cite conference',
		document = 'cite document',
		encyclopaedia = 'cite encyclopedia',
		episode = 'cite episode',
		interview = 'cite interview',
		journal = 'cite journal',
		magazine = 'cite magazine',
		mailinglist = 'cite mailing list',
		map = 'cite map',
		medrxiv = 'cite medRxiv',
		news = 'cite news',
		newsgroup = 'cite newsgroup',
		podcast = 'cite podcast',
		pressrelease = 'cite press release',
		report = 'cite report',
		serial = 'cite serial',
		sign = 'cite sign',
		speech = 'cite speech',
		ssrn = 'cite SSRN',
		techreport = 'cite tech report',
		thesis = 'cite thesis',
		web = 'cite web',
		}


--[=[-------------------------&lt; E T _ A L _ P A T T E R N S &gt;--------------------------------------------------

This table provides Lua patterns for the phrase &quot;et al&quot; and variants in name text
(author, editor, etc.). The main module uses these to identify and emit the 'etal' message.

]=]

local et_al_patterns = {
	&quot;[;,]? *[\&quot;']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][%.;,\&quot;']*$&quot;,						-- variations on the 'et al' theme
	&quot;[;,]? *[\&quot;']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][Ii][AaIi][Ee]?[%.;,\&quot;']*$&quot;,		-- variations on the 'et alia', 'et alii' and 'et aliae' themes (false positive 'et aliie' unlikely to match)
	&quot;[;,]? *%f[%a]and [Oo]thers&quot;,												-- an alternative to et al.
	&quot;%[%[ *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%]%]&quot;,										-- a wikilinked form
	&quot;%(%( *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%)%)&quot;,										-- a double-bracketed form (to counter partial removal of ((...)) syntax)
	&quot;[%(%[] *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *[%)%]]&quot;,									-- a bracketed form
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P R E S E N T A T I O N &gt;------------------------

Fixed presentation markup.  Originally part of citation_config.messages it has
been moved into its own, more semantically correct place.

]]

local presentation = 
	{
	-- .citation-comment class is specified at Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display
	['hidden-error'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-hidden-error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	['visible-error'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	['hidden-maint'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	
	['accessdate'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;$1$2&lt;/span&gt;',			-- to allow editors to hide accessdate using personal CSS

	['bdi'] = '&lt;bdi$1&gt;$2&lt;/bdi&gt;',												-- bidirectional isolation used with |script-title= and the like

	['cite'] = '&lt;cite class=&quot;$1&quot;&gt;$2&lt;/cite&gt;';									-- for use when citation does not have a namelist and |ref= not set so no id=&quot;...&quot; attribute
	['cite-id'] = '&lt;cite id=&quot;$1&quot; class=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/cite&gt;';							-- for use when when |ref= is set or when citation has a namelist

	['format'] = ' &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;($1)&lt;/span&gt;',						-- for |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.
	['interwiki'] = ' &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;[in $1]&lt;/span&gt;',					-- for interwiki-language-linked author, editor, etc
	['interproj'] = ' &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;[at $1]&lt;/span&gt;',					-- for interwiki-project-linked author, editor, etc (:d: and :s: supported; :w: ignored)

	-- various access levels, for |access=, |doi-access=, |arxiv=, ...
	-- narrow no-break space &amp;#8239; may work better than nowrap CSS. Or not? Browser support?

	['ext-link-access-signal'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;$1&quot; title=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/span&gt;',		-- external link with appropriate lock icon
		['free'] = {class='id-lock-free', title='Freely accessible'},			-- classes defined in Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css
		['registration'] = {class='id-lock-registration', title='Free registration required'},
		['limited'] = {class='id-lock-limited', title='Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required'},
		['subscription'] = {class='id-lock-subscription', title='Paid subscription required'},

	['interwiki-icon'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;$1&quot; title=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/span&gt;',
		['class-wikisource'] = 'cs1-ws-icon',

	['italic-title'] = &quot;''$1''&quot;,

	['kern-left'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-left&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;$1',					-- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark
	['kern-right'] = '$1&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-right&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',					-- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark

	['nowrap1'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',								-- for nowrapping an item: &lt;span ...&gt;yyyy-mm-dd&lt;/span&gt;
	['nowrap2'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt; $2',							-- for nowrapping portions of an item: &lt;span ...&gt;dd mmmm&lt;/span&gt; yyyy (note white space)

	['ocins'] = '&lt;span title=&quot;$1&quot; class=&quot;Z3988&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',
	
	['parameter'] = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',
	
	['ps_cs1'] = '.';															-- CS1 style postscript (terminal) character
	['ps_cs2'] = '';															-- CS2 style postscript (terminal) character (empty string)

	['quoted-text'] = '&lt;q&gt;$1&lt;/q&gt;',												-- for wrapping |quote= content
	['quoted-title'] = '&quot;$1&quot;',

	['sep_cs1'] = '.',															-- CS1 element separator
	['sep_cs2'] = ',',															-- CS2 separator
	['sep_nl'] = ';',															-- CS1|2 style name-list separator between names is a semicolon
	['sep_nl_and'] = ' and ',													-- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 2 items
	['sep_nl_end'] = '; and ',													-- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 3+ names
	['sep_name'] = ', ',														-- CS1|2 style last/first separator is &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
	['sep_nl_vanc'] = ',',														-- Vancouver style name-list separator between authors is a comma
	['sep_name_vanc'] = ' ',													-- Vancouver style last/first separator is a space

	['sep_list'] = ', ',														-- used for |language= when list has 3+ items except for last sep which uses sep_list_end
	['sep_list_pair'] = ' and ',												-- used for |language= when list has 2 items
	['sep_list_end'] = ', and ',												-- used as last list sep for |language= when list has 3+ items
	
	['trans-italic-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;''$1''&amp;#93;&quot;,
	['trans-quoted-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;$1&amp;#93;&quot;,									-- for |trans-title= and |trans-quote=
	['vol-bold'] = '$1 &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;',												-- sepc, volume; for bold journal cites; for other cites ['vol'] in messages{}
	}

	
--[[--------------------------&lt; A L I A S E S &gt;---------------------------------

Aliases table for commonly passed parameters.

Parameter names on the right side in the assignments in this table must have been
defined in the Whitelist before they will be recognized as valid parameter names

]]

local aliases = {
	['AccessDate'] = {'access-date', 'accessdate'},								-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Agency'] = 'agency',
	['ArchiveDate'] = {'archive-date', 'archivedate'},							-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ArchiveFormat'] = 'archive-format',
	['ArchiveURL'] = {'archive-url', 'archiveurl'},								-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ArticleNumber'] = 'article-number',
	['ASINTLD'] = 'asin-tld',
	['At'] = 'at',																-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Authors'] = {'people', 'credits'},
	['BookTitle'] = {'book-title', 'booktitle'},
	['Cartography'] = 'cartography',
	['Chapter'] = {'chapter', 'contribution', 'entry', 'article', 'section'},
	['ChapterFormat'] = {'chapter-format', 'contribution-format', 'entry-format',
		'article-format', 'section-format'};
	['ChapterURL'] = {'chapter-url', 'contribution-url', 'entry-url', 'article-url', 'section-url'},	-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ChapterUrlAccess'] = {'chapter-url-access', 'contribution-url-access',
		'entry-url-access', 'article-url-access', 'section-url-access'},		-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Class'] = 'class',														-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifier
	['Collaboration'] = 'collaboration',
	['Conference'] = {'conference', 'event'},
	['ConferenceFormat'] = 'conference-format',
	['ConferenceURL'] = 'conference-url',										-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Date'] = {'date', 'air-date', 'airdate'},									-- air-date and airdate for cite episode and cite serial only
	['Degree'] = 'degree',
	['DF'] = 'df',
	['DisplayAuthors'] = {'display-authors', 'display-subjects'},
	['DisplayContributors'] = 'display-contributors',
	['DisplayEditors'] = 'display-editors',
	['DisplayInterviewers'] = 'display-interviewers',
	['DisplayTranslators'] = 'display-translators',
	['Docket'] = 'docket',
	['DoiBroken'] = 'doi-broken-date',
	['Edition'] = 'edition',
	['Embargo'] = 'pmc-embargo-date',
	['Encyclopedia'] = {'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia', 'dictionary'},			-- cite encyclopedia only
	['Episode'] = 'episode',													-- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode?
	['Format'] = 'format',
	['ID'] = {'id', 'ID'},
	['Inset'] = 'inset',
	['Issue'] = {'issue', 'number'},
	['Language'] = {'language', 'lang'},
	['MailingList'] = {'mailing-list', 'mailinglist'},							-- cite mailing list only
	['Map'] = 'map',															-- cite map only
	['MapFormat'] = 'map-format',												-- cite map only
	['MapURL'] = {'map-url', 'mapurl'},											-- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['MapUrlAccess'] = 'map-url-access',										-- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Minutes'] = 'minutes',
	['Mode'] = 'mode',
	['NameListStyle'] = 'name-list-style',
	['Network'] = 'network',
	['Newsgroup'] = 'newsgroup',												-- cite newsgroup only
	['NoPP'] = {'no-pp', 'nopp'},
	['NoTracking'] = {'no-tracking', 'template-doc-demo'},
	['Number'] = 'number',														-- this case only for cite techreport
	['OrigDate'] = {'orig-date', 'orig-year', 'origyear'},
	['Others'] = 'others',
	['Page'] = {'page', 'p'},													-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Pages'] = {'pages', 'pp'},												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Periodical'] = {'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'website', 'work'},
	['Place'] = {'place', 'location'},
	['PostScript'] = 'postscript',
	['PublicationDate'] = {'publication-date', 'publicationdate'},
	['PublicationPlace'] = {'publication-place', 'publicationplace'},
	['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'institution'},
	['Quote'] = {'quote', 'quotation'},
	['QuotePage'] = 'quote-page',
	['QuotePages'] = 'quote-pages',
	['Ref'] = 'ref',
	['Scale'] = 'scale',
	['ScriptChapter'] = {'script-chapter', 'script-contribution', 'script-entry',
		'script-article', 'script-section'},
	['ScriptEncyclopedia'] = {'script-encyclopedia', 'script-encyclopaedia'},	-- cite encyclopedia only
	['ScriptMap'] = 'script-map',
	['ScriptPeriodical'] = {'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper',
		'script-periodical', 'script-website', 'script-work'},
	['ScriptQuote'] = 'script-quote',
	['ScriptTitle'] = 'script-title',											-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Season'] = 'season',
	['Sections'] = 'sections',													-- cite map only
	['Series'] = {'series', 'version'},
	['SeriesLink'] = {'series-link', 'serieslink'},
	['SeriesNumber'] = {'series-number', 'series-no'},
	['Sheet'] = 'sheet',														-- cite map only
	['Sheets'] = 'sheets',														-- cite map only
	['Station'] = 'station',
	['Time'] = 'time',
	['TimeCaption'] = 'time-caption',
	['Title'] = 'title',														-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TitleLink'] = {'title-link', 'episode-link', 'episodelink'},				-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TitleNote'] = {'title-note', 'department'},
	['TitleType'] = {'type', 'medium'},
	['TransChapter'] = {'trans-article', 'trans-chapter', 'trans-contribution',
		'trans-entry', 'trans-section'},
	['Transcript'] = 'transcript',
	['TranscriptFormat'] = 'transcript-format',	
	['TranscriptURL'] = 'transcript-url',										-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TransEncyclopedia'] = {'trans-encyclopedia', 'trans-encyclopaedia'},		-- cite encyclopedia only
	['TransMap'] = 'trans-map',													-- cite map only
	['TransPeriodical'] = {'trans-journal', 'trans-magazine', 'trans-newspaper',
		'trans-periodical', 'trans-website', 'trans-work'},
	['TransQuote'] = 'trans-quote',
	['TransTitle'] = 'trans-title',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['URL'] = {'url', 'URL'},													-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['UrlAccess'] = 'url-access',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['UrlStatus'] = 'url-status',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Vauthors'] = 'vauthors',
	['Veditors'] = 'veditors',
	['Via'] = 'via',
	['Volume'] = 'volume',
	['Year'] = 'year',

	['AuthorList-First'] = {&quot;first#&quot;, &quot;author-first#&quot;, &quot;author#-first&quot;, &quot;author-given#&quot;, &quot;author#-given&quot;,
		&quot;subject-first#&quot;, &quot;subject#-first&quot;, &quot;subject-given#&quot;, &quot;subject#-given&quot;,
		&quot;given#&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Last'] = {&quot;last#&quot;, &quot;author-last#&quot;, &quot;author#-last&quot;, &quot;author-surname#&quot;, &quot;author#-surname&quot;,
		&quot;subject-last#&quot;, &quot;subject#-last&quot;, &quot;subject-surname#&quot;, &quot;subject#-surname&quot;,
		&quot;author#&quot;, 'host#', &quot;subject#&quot;, &quot;surname#&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Link'] = {&quot;author-link#&quot;, &quot;author#-link&quot;, &quot;subject-link#&quot;,
		&quot;subject#-link&quot;, &quot;authorlink#&quot;, &quot;author#link&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Mask'] = {&quot;author-mask#&quot;, &quot;author#-mask&quot;, &quot;subject-mask#&quot;, &quot;subject#-mask&quot;},

	['ContributorList-First'] = {'contributor-first#', 'contributor#-first',
		'contributor-given#', 'contributor#-given'},
	['ContributorList-Last'] = {'contributor-last#', 'contributor#-last',
		'contributor-surname#', 'contributor#-surname', 'contributor#'},
	['ContributorList-Link'] = {'contributor-link#', 'contributor#-link'},
	['ContributorList-Mask'] = {'contributor-mask#', 'contributor#-mask'},

	['EditorList-First'] = {&quot;editor-first#&quot;, &quot;editor#-first&quot;, &quot;editor-given#&quot;, &quot;editor#-given&quot;},
	['EditorList-Last'] = {&quot;editor-last#&quot;, &quot;editor#-last&quot;, &quot;editor-surname#&quot;,
		&quot;editor#-surname&quot;, &quot;editor#&quot;},
	['EditorList-Link'] = {&quot;editor-link#&quot;, &quot;editor#-link&quot;},
	['EditorList-Mask'] = {&quot;editor-mask#&quot;, &quot;editor#-mask&quot;},
	
	['InterviewerList-First'] = {'interviewer-first#', 'interviewer#-first',
		'interviewer-given#', 'interviewer#-given'},
	['InterviewerList-Last'] = {'interviewer-last#', 'interviewer#-last',
		'interviewer-surname#', 'interviewer#-surname', 'interviewer#'},
	['InterviewerList-Link'] = {'interviewer-link#', 'interviewer#-link'},
	['InterviewerList-Mask'] = {'interviewer-mask#', 'interviewer#-mask'},

	['TranslatorList-First'] = {'translator-first#', 'translator#-first',
		'translator-given#', 'translator#-given'},
	['TranslatorList-Last'] = {'translator-last#', 'translator#-last',
		'translator-surname#', 'translator#-surname', 'translator#'},
	['TranslatorList-Link'] = {'translator-link#', 'translator#-link'},
	['TranslatorList-Mask'] = {'translator-mask#', 'translator#-mask'},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; D E P E N D E N C I E S _ T &gt;--------------------------------------------------

a table of url-holding parameters upon which other parameters are dependent.

this table is used by has_archive_today_url() to suppress parameters that are dependant upon a url-holding parameter
that has as a value an archive.today (or alternate tld) url.

archive.today is deprecated at en.wiki; see Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5

]]

local url_dependency_map_t = {													-- table of url-holding parameters and the meta-parameters that are dependent on them
	['url'] = {'AccessDate', 'ArchiveURL', 'Format', 'UrlAccess'},
	['archive-url'] = {'ArchiveDate', 'ArchiveFormat', 'UrlStatus'},
	['archiveurl'] = {'ArchiveDate', 'ArchiveFormat', 'UrlStatus'},
	['article-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['chapter-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['conference-url'] = {'ConferenceFormat'},
	['contribution-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['entry-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['map-url'] = {'MapFormat', 'MapUrlAccess'},
	['section-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['transcript-url'] = {'TranscriptFormat'},
	};

local dependencies_t = {};														-- the table of url-holding parameters and their dependent parameters

for url_param, meta_parameters_t in pairs (url_dependency_map_t) do				-- sequence of meta-parameters (indexes) into &lt;aliases&gt; table
	local dependant_params_t = {};												-- collection of parameters that are dependent on this &lt;url_param&gt;
	for _, meta_parameter in ipairs (meta_parameters_t) do						-- for each &lt;aliases&gt; meta-parameter (index)
		if 'string' == type (aliases[meta_parameter]) then						-- for single parameter names (no aliases), &lt;aliases[meta_parameter]&gt; will be a string
			table.insert (dependant_params_t, aliases[meta_parameter]);			-- add to this &lt;url_param&gt;'s dependency sequence
		else
			for _, alias in ipairs (aliases[meta_parameter]) do					-- for each alias in aliases[meta_parameter] (aliases['AccessDate'] for example)
				table.insert (dependant_params_t, alias);						-- add to this &lt;url_param&gt;'s dependency sequence
			end
		end
	end
	dependencies_t[url_param] = dependant_params_t;								-- add the &lt;url_param&gt; and its dependent parameters
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P U N C T _ S K I P &gt;---------------------------

builds a table of parameter names that the extraneous terminal punctuation check should not check.

]]

local punct_meta_params = {														-- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value
	'BookTitle', 'Chapter', 'ScriptChapter', 'ScriptTitle', 'Title', 'TransChapter', 'Transcript', 'TransMap',	'TransTitle',	-- title-holding parameters
	'AuthorList-Mask', 'ContributorList-Mask', 'EditorList-Mask', 'InterviewerList-Mask', 'TranslatorList-Mask',	-- name-list mask may have name separators
	'PostScript', 'Quote', 'ScriptQuote', 'TransQuote', 'Ref',						-- miscellaneous
	'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL',	-- URL-holding parameters
	}

local url_meta_params = {														-- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value
	'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'ID', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL',		-- parameters allowed to hold urls
	'Page', 'Pages', 'At', 'QuotePage', 'QuotePages',							-- insource locators allowed to hold urls
	}

local function build_skip_table (skip_t, meta_params)
	for _, meta_param in ipairs (meta_params) do								-- for each meta parameter key
		local params = aliases[meta_param];										-- get the parameter or the table of parameters associated with the meta parameter name
		if 'string' == type (params) then
			skip_t[params] = 1;													-- just a single parameter
		else
			for _, param in ipairs (params) do									-- get the parameter name
				skip_t[param] = 1;												-- add the parameter name to the skip table
				local count;
				param, count = param:gsub ('#', '');							-- remove enumerator marker from enumerated parameters
				if 0 ~= count then												-- if removed
					skip_t[param] = 1;											-- add param name without enumerator marker
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return skip_t;
end

local punct_skip = {};
local url_skip = {};


--[[--------------------------&lt; U R L _ A C C E S S _ M A P &gt;--------------------------------------------------

this table used by the wikipedia library url test, has_twl_url(), which automatically sets a url-access parameter
to 'subscription' when it discovers a wikipedia library url in any of the url-holding paramters used as keys in
this table.

translators:  if your wiki uses parameter names for these url-holding parameters and their matching -access parameters,
add your wiki's parameters to this list.  Leave the English parameters in place.

TODO: is there a better way to do this?

]]

local url_access_map_t = {
	['chapter-url'] = 'chapter-url-access',
	['contribution-url'] = 'contribution-url-access',
	['entry-url'] = 'entry-url-access',
	['article-url'] = 'article-url-access',
	['section-url'] = 'section-url-access',
	['map-url'] = 'map-url-access',
	['mapurl'] = 'map-url-access',
	['url'] = 'url-access',
	['URL'] = 'url-access'
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; S I N G L E - L E T T E R   S E C O N D - L E V E L   D O M A I N S &gt;----------

this is a list of tlds that are known to have single-letter second-level domain names.  This list does not include
ccTLDs which are accepted in is_domain_name().

]]

local single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t = {'cash', 'company', 'foundation', 'media', 'org', 'today'};


--[[-----------&lt; S P E C I A L   C A S E   T R A N S L A T I O N S &gt;------------

This table is primarily here to support internationalization.  Translations in
this table are used, for example, when an error message, category name, etc.,
is extracted from the English alias key.  There may be other cases where
this translation table may be useful.

]]
local is_Latn = 'A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191';
local special_case_translation = {
	author = 'author',
	editor = 'editor',
	name_list_params = '$1-name-list parameters',								-- $1 is 'author' or 'editor'; used with err_redundant_parameters

	['AuthorList'] = 'authors list',											-- used to assemble maintenance category names
	['ContributorList'] = 'contributors list',									-- translation of these names plus translation of the base maintenance category names in maint_cats{} table below
	['EditorList'] = 'editors list',											-- must match the names of the actual categories
	['InterviewerList'] = 'interviewers list',									-- this group or translations used by name_has_ed_markup() and name_has_mult_names()
	['TranslatorList'] = 'translators list',
	
																				-- Lua patterns to match pseudo-titles used by InternetArchiveBot and others as placeholder for unknown |title= value
	['archived_copy'] = {														-- used with CS1 maint: Archive[d] copy as title
		['en'] = '^archived?%s+copy$',											-- for English; translators: keep this because templates imported from en.wiki
		['local'] = nil,														-- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language
		},

																				-- Lua patterns to match generic titles; usually created by bots or reference filling tools
																				-- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language
		-- generic titles and patterns in this table should be lowercase only
		-- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic title in your language
		-- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches; 'false' for pattern searches

	['generic_titles'] = {
		['accept'] = {
			},
		['reject'] = {
			{['en'] = {'^wayback%s+machine$', false},				['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'are you a robot', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'hugedomains', true},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[%(%[{&lt;]?no +title[&gt;}%]%)]?$', false},		['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'page not found', true},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'subscribe to read', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[%(%[{&lt;]?unknown[&gt;}%]%)]?$', false},		['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'website is for sale', true},				['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^404', false},								['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'error[ %-]404', false},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'internet archive wayback machine', true},	['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'log into facebook', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'login • instagram', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'redirecting...', true},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'usurped title', true},						['local'] = nil},	-- added by a GreenC bot
			{['en'] = {'wayback machine', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'webcite query result', true},				['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'wikiwix\'s cache', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'bot verification', true},					['local'] = nil},
			}
		},

		-- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches, search string must be lowercase only
		-- boolean 'false' for pattern searches
		-- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic name in your language

	['generic_names'] = {
		['accept'] = {
			{['en'] = {'%[%[[^|]*%(author%) *|[^%]]*%]%]', false},				['local'] = nil},
			},
		['reject'] = {
			{['en'] = {'about us', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]dvisor%f[%A]', false},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'allmusic', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]uthor%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Bb]ureau$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'business', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'cnn', true},											['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'collaborator', true},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Cc]ompany$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'contributor', true},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'contact us', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'correspondent', true},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Dd]esk$', false},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'directory', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%(%[][%(%[]%s*eds?%.?%s*[%)%]]?$', false},			['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'[,%.%s]%f[e]eds?%.?$', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^eds?[%.,;]', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[%(%[]%s*[Ee][Dd][Ss]?%.?%s*[%)%]]', false},			['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]dited%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]ditors?%f[%A]', false},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]mail%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'facebook', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'google', true},											['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Gg]roup$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'home page', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Ii]nc%.?$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'instagram', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'interviewer', true},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Ll]imited$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'linkedIn', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Nn]ews$', false},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'[Nn]ews[ %-]?[Rr]oom', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'pinterest', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'policy', true},											['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'privacy', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'reuters', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'translator', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'tumblr', true},											['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'twitter', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'site name', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'statement', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'submitted', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'super.?user', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f['..is_Latn..'][Uu]ser%f[^'..is_Latn..']', false},	['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'updated', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'verfasser', true},										['local'] = nil},
			}
		}
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E _ N A M E S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

This table of tables lists local language date names and fallback English date names.
The code in Date_validation will look first in the local table for valid date names.
If date names are not found in the local table, the code will look in the English table.

Because citations can be copied to the local wiki from en.wiki, the English is
required when the date-name translation function date_name_xlate() is used.

In these tables, season numbering is defined by
Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) Specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)
which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019.  See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard
defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. CS1|2 only supports generic seasons.
EDTF does support the distinction between north and south hemisphere seasons
but CS1|2 has no way to make that distinction.

33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each)

The standard does not address 'named' dates so, for the purposes of CS1|2,
Easter and Christmas are defined here as 98 and 99, which should be out of the
ISO 8601 (EDTF) range of uses for a while.

local_date_names_from_mediawiki is a boolean.  When set to:
	true – module will fetch local month names from MediaWiki for both date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short']; this will unconditionally overwrite manual translations
	false – module will *not* fetch local month names from MediaWiki

Caveat lector:  There is no guarantee that MediaWiki will provide short month names.  At your wiki you can test
the results of the MediaWiki fetch in the debug console with this command (the result is alpha sorted):
	=mw.dumpObject (p.date_names['local'])

While the module can fetch month names from MediaWiki, it cannot fetch the quarter, season, and named date names
from MediaWiki.  Those must be translated manually.

]]

local local_date_names_from_mediawiki = true;									-- when false, manual translation required for date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short']; overwrites manual translations
																				-- when true, module fetches long and short month names from MediaWiki
local date_names = {
	['en'] = {																	-- English
		['long']	= {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12},
		['short']	= {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12},
		['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36},
		['season']	= {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23},
		['named']	= {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99},
		},
																				-- when local_date_names_from_mediawiki = false
	['local'] = {																-- replace these English date names with the local language equivalents
		['long']	= {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12},
		['short']	= {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12},
		['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36},
		['season']	= {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23},
		['named']	= {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99},
		},
	['inv_local_long'] = {},													-- used in date reformatting &amp; translation; copy of date_names['local'].long where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_short'] = {},													-- used in date reformatting &amp; translation; copy of date_names['local'].short where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_quarter'] = {},													-- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].quarter where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_season'] = {},													-- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].season where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_named'] = {},													-- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].named where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['local_digits'] = {['0'] = '0', ['1'] = '1', ['2'] = '2', ['3'] = '3', ['4'] = '4', ['5'] = '5', ['6'] = '6', ['7'] = '7', ['8'] = '8', ['9'] = '9'},	-- used to convert local language digits to Western 0-9
	['xlate_digits'] = {},
	}

if local_date_names_from_mediawiki then											-- if fetching local month names from MediaWiki is enabled
	local long_t = {};
	local short_t = {};
	for i=1, 12 do																-- loop 12x and 
		local name = lang_obj:formatDate('F', '2022-' .. i .. '-1');			-- get long month name for each i
		long_t[name] = i;														-- save it
		name = lang_obj:formatDate('M', '2022-' .. i .. '-1');					-- get short month name for each i
		short_t[name] = i;														-- save it
	end
	date_names['local']['long'] = long_t;										-- write the long table – overwrites manual translation
	date_names['local']['short'] = short_t;										-- write the short table – overwrites manual translation
end
																				-- create inverted date-name tables for reformatting and/or translation
for _, invert_t in pairs {{'long', 'inv_local_long'}, {'short', 'inv_local_short'}, {'quarter', 'inv_local_quarter'}, {'season', 'inv_local_season'}, {'named', 'inv_local_named'}} do
	for name, i in pairs (date_names['local'][invert_t[1]]) do					-- this table is ['name'] = i
		date_names[invert_t[2]][i] = name;										-- invert to get [i] = 'name' for conversions from ymd
	end
end

if local_digits_from_mediawiki then												-- if fetching local digits from MediaWiki is enabled
	local digits_t = {};
	for i=0, 9 do																-- loop 10x and 
		digits_t [lang_obj:formatNum (i)] = tostring (i);						-- format the loop indexer as local lang table index and assign loop indexer (a string) as the value
	end
	date_names['local_digits'] = digits_t;
end

for ld, ed in pairs (date_names.local_digits) do								-- make a digit translation table for simple date translation from en to local language using local_digits table
	date_names.xlate_digits [ed] = ld;											-- en digit becomes index with local digit as the value
end

local df_template_patterns = {													-- table of redirects to {{Use dmy dates}} and {{Use mdy dates}}
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(dmy) +dates *[|}]',	-- 1159k								-- sorted by approximate transclusion count
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(mdy) +dates *[|}]',	-- 212k
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) +dates *[|}]',	-- 788
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) +dates *[|}]',	-- 343
	'{{ *([Mm]dy) *[|}]',				-- 176
	'{{ *[Uu]se *(dmy) *[|}]',			-- 156 + 18
	'{{ *[Uu]se *(mdy) *[|}]',			-- 149 + 11
	'{{ *([Dd]my) *[|}]',				-- 56
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) *[|}]',			-- 5
	'{{ *([Dd]MY) *[|}]',				-- 3
	'{{ *[Uu]se(mdy)dates *[|}]',		-- 1
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) *[|}]',			-- 0
	'{{ *([Mm]DY) *[|}]',				-- 0
	}

local title_object = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();
local content;																	-- done this way  so that unused templates appear in unused-template-reports; self-transcluded makes them look like they are used
if 10 ~= title_object.namespace then											-- all namespaces except Template
	content = title_object:getContent() or '';									-- get the content of the article or ''; new pages edited w/ve do not have 'content' until saved; ve does not preview; phab:T221625
end

local function get_date_format ()
	if not content then															-- nil content when we're in template
		return nil;																-- auto-formatting does not work in Template space so don't set global_df
	end
	for _, pattern in ipairs (df_template_patterns) do							-- loop through the patterns looking for {{Use dmy dates}} or {{Use mdy dates}} or any of their redirects
		local start, _, match = content:find(pattern);							-- match is the three letters indicating desired date format
		if match then
			local use_dates_template = content:match ('%b{}', start);			-- get the whole template
			if use_dates_template:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *[lsy][sy]?') then	-- look for |cs1-dates=publication date length access-/archive-date length
				return match:lower() .. '-' .. use_dates_template:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *([lsy][sy]?)');
			else
				return match:lower() .. '-all';									-- no |cs1-dates= k/v pair; return value appropriate for use in |df=
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[-----------------&lt; V O L U M E ,  I S S U E ,  P A G E S &gt;------------------

These tables hold cite class values (from the template invocation) and identify those templates that support
|volume=, |issue=, and |page(s)= parameters.  Cite conference and cite map require further qualification which
is handled in the main module.

]]

local templates_using_volume = {'citation', 'audio-visual', 'book', 'conference', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'report', 'techreport', 'thesis'}
local templates_using_issue = {'citation', 'conference', 'episode', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'podcast'}
local templates_not_using_page = {'audio-visual', 'episode', 'mailinglist', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech'}

--[[

These tables control when it is appropriate for {{citation}} to render |volume= and/or |issue=.  The parameter
names in the tables constrain {{citation}} so that its renderings match the renderings of the equivalent cs1
templates.  For example, {{cite web}} does not support |volume= so the equivalent {{citation |website=...}} must
not support |volume=.

]]

local citation_no_volume_t = {													-- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used
	'website', 'mailinglist', 'script-website',
	}
local citation_issue_t = {														-- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used
	'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'work',
	'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper', 'script-periodical', 'script-work',
	}

--[[

Patterns for finding extra text in |volume=, |issue=, |page=, |pages=

]]

local vol_iss_pg_patterns = {
	good_ppattern = '^P[^%.PpGg]',												-- OK to begin with uppercase P: P7 (page 7 of section P), but not p123 (page 123); TODO: this allows 'Pages' which it should not
	bad_ppatterns = {															-- patterns for |page= and |pages=
		'^[Pp][PpGg]?%.?[ %d]',
		'^[Pp][Pp]?%.&amp;nbsp;',													-- from {{p.}} and {{pp.}} templates
		'^[Pp]ages?',
		'^[Pp]gs.?',
		},
	vi_patterns_t = {															-- combined to catch volume-like text in |issue= and issue-like text in |volume=
		'^volumes?',															-- volume-like text
		'^vols?[%.:=]?',

		'^issues?',																--issue-like text
		'^iss[%.:=]?',
		'^numbers?',
		'^nos?%A',																-- don't match 'november' or 'nostradamus'
		'^nr[%.:=]?',
		'^n[%.:= ]',															-- might be a valid issue without separator (space char is sep char here)
		'^n°',																	-- 'n' with degree sign (U+00B0)
		'^№',																	-- precomposed unicode numero character (U+2116)
		},
	}

--[[--------------------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S &gt;-------------------------------

These tables hold keywords for those parameters that have defined sets of acceptable keywords.

]]

--[[-------------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S   T A B L E &gt;--------------------------

this is a list of keywords; each key in the list is associated with a table of
synonymous keywords possibly from different languages.

for I18N: add local-language keywords to value table; do not change the key.
For example, adding the German keyword 'ja':
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y', 'ja'},

Because CS1|2 templates from en.wiki articles are often copied to other local wikis,
it is recommended that the English keywords remain in these tables.

]]

local keywords = {
	['amp'] = {'&amp;', 'amp', 'ampersand'}, 										-- |name-list-style=
	['and'] = {'and', 'serial'},												-- |name-list-style=
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'},										-- |no-tracking=, |no-pp= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['afterword'] = {'afterword'},												-- |contribution=
	['bot: unknown'] = {'bot: unknown'},										-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['cs1'] = {'cs1'},															-- |mode=
	['cs2'] = {'cs2'},															-- |mode=
	['dead'] = {'dead', 'deviated'},											-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['dmy'] = {'dmy'},															-- |df=
	['dmy-all'] = {'dmy-all'},													-- |df=
	etal = {'etal'},															-- |display-authors=, etc
	['foreword'] = {'foreword'},												-- |contribution=
	['free'] = {'free'},														-- |&lt;id&gt;-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['harv'] = {'harv'},														-- |ref=; this no longer supported; is_valid_parameter_value() called with &lt;invert&gt; = true
	['introduction'] = {'introduction'},										-- |contribution=
	['limited'] = {'limited'},													-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['live'] = {'live'},														-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['mdy'] = {'mdy'},															-- |df=
	['mdy-all'] = {'mdy-all'},													-- |df=
	['none'] = {'none'},														-- |postscript=, |ref=, |title=, |type= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['off'] = {'off'},															-- |title= (potentially also: |title-link=, |postscript=, |ref=, |type=)
	['preface'] = {'preface'},													-- |contribution=
	['registration'] = {'registration'},										-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['subscription'] = {'subscription'},										-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['unfit'] = {'unfit'},														-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['usurped'] = {'usurped'},													-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['vanc'] = {'vanc'},														-- |name-list-style=
	['ymd'] = {'ymd'},															-- |df=
	['ymd-all'] = {'ymd-all'},													-- |df=
	--	['yMd'] = {'yMd'},														-- |df=; not supported at en.wiki
	--	['yMd-all'] = {'yMd-all'},												-- |df=; not supported at en.wiki
	}


--[[------------------------&lt; X L A T E _ K E Y W O R D S &gt;---------------------

this function builds a list, keywords_xlate{}, of the keywords found in keywords{} where the values from keywords{}
become the keys in keywords_xlate{} and the keys from keywords{} become the values in keywords_xlate{}:
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'},		-- in keywords{}
becomes
	['yes'] = 'affirmative',					-- in keywords_xlate{}
	['true'] = 'affirmative',
	['y'] = 'affirmative',

the purpose of this function is to act as a translator between a non-English keyword and its English equivalent
that may be used in other modules of this suite

]]

local function xlate_keywords ()
	local out_table = {};														-- output goes here
	for k, keywords_t in pairs (keywords) do									-- spin through the keywords table
		for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_t) do								-- for each keyword
			out_table[keyword] = k;												-- create an entry in the output table where keyword is the key
		end
	end
	
	return out_table;
end

local keywords_xlate = xlate_keywords ();										-- the list of translated keywords


--[[----------------&lt; M A K E _ K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T &gt;---------------------

this function assembles, for parameter-value validation, the list of keywords appropriate to that parameter.

keywords_lists{}, is a table of tables from keywords{}

]]

local function make_keywords_list (keywords_lists)
	local out_table = {};														-- output goes here
	
	for _, keyword_list in ipairs (keywords_lists) do							-- spin through keywords_lists{} and get a table of keywords
		for _, keyword in ipairs (keyword_list) do								-- spin through keyword_list{} and add each keyword, ...
			table.insert (out_table, keyword);									-- ... as plain text, to the output list
		end
	end
	return out_table;
end


--[[----------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T S &gt;-----------------------------

this is a list of lists of valid keywords for the various parameters in [key].
Generally the keys in this table are the canonical en.wiki parameter names though
some are contrived because of use in multiple differently named parameters:
['yes_true_y'], ['id-access'].

The function make_keywords_list() extracts the individual keywords from the
appropriate list in keywords{}.

The lists in this table are used to validate the keyword assignment for the
parameters named in this table's keys.

]]

local keywords_lists = {
	['yes_true_y'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.affirmative}),
	['contribution'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.afterword, keywords.foreword, keywords.introduction, keywords.preface}),
	['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all']}),
	--	['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all'], keywords.yMd, keywords['yMd-all']}),	-- not supported at en.wiki
	['mode'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.cs1, keywords.cs2}),
	['name-list-style'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.amp, keywords['and'], keywords.vanc}),
	['ref'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.harv}),								-- inverted check; |ref=harv no longer supported
	['url-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.subscription, keywords.limited, keywords.registration}),
	['url-status'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dead, keywords.live, keywords.unfit, keywords.usurped, keywords['bot: unknown']}),
	['id-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.free}),
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C S 1 _ C O N F I G _ G E T &gt;--------------------------------------------------

fetch and validate values from {{cs1 config}} template to fill &lt;global_cs1_config_t&gt;

no error messages; when errors are detected, the parameter value from {{cs1 config}} is blanked.

Supports all parameters and aliases associated with the metaparameters: DisplayAuthors, DisplayContributors,
DisplayEditors, DisplayInterviewers, DisplayTranslators, NameListStyle, and Mode.  The DisplayWhatever metaparameters
accept numeric values only (|display-authors=etal and the like is not supported).

]]

local global_cs1_config_t = {};													-- TODO: add value returned from get_date_format() to this table?

local function get_cs1_config ()
	if not content then															-- nil content when we're in template
		return nil;																-- auto-formatting does not work in Template space so don't set global_df
	end

	local start = content:find('{{ *[Cc][Ss]1 config *[|}]');					-- &lt;start&gt; is offset into &lt;content&gt; when {{cs1 config}} found; nil else
	if start then
		local cs1_config_template = content:match ('%b{}', start);				-- get the whole template

		if not cs1_config_template then
			return nil;
		end

		local params_t = mw.text.split (cs1_config_template:gsub ('^{{%s*', ''):gsub ('%s*}}$', ''), '%s*|%s*');	-- remove '{{' and '}}'; make a sequence of parameter/value pairs (split on the pipe)
		table.remove (params_t, 1);												-- remove the template name because it isn't a parameter/value pair

		local config_meta_params_t = {'DisplayAuthors', 'DisplayContributors', 'DisplayEditors', 'DisplayInterviewers', 'DisplayTranslators', 'NameListStyle', 'Mode'};
		local meta_param_map_t = {};											-- list of accepted parameter names usable in {{cs1 config}} goes here
		
		for _, meta_param in ipairs (config_meta_params_t) do					-- for i18n using &lt;config_meta_params_t&gt;, map template parameter names to their metaparameter equivalents
			if 'table' == type (aliases[meta_param]) then						-- if &lt;meta_param&gt; is a sequence, 
				for _, param in ipairs (aliases[meta_param]) do					-- extract its contents
					meta_param_map_t[param] = meta_param;						-- and add to &lt;meta_param_map_t&gt;
				end
			else
				meta_param_map_t[aliases[meta_param]] = meta_param;				-- not a sequence so just add the parameter to &lt;meta_param_map_t&gt;
			end
		end

		local keywords_t = {};													-- map valid keywords to their associate metaparameter; reverse form of &lt;keyword_lists[key] for these metaparameters
		for _, metaparam_t in ipairs ({{'NameListStyle', 'name-list-style'}, {'Mode', 'mode'}}) do	-- only these metaparameter / keywords_lists key pairs
			for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_lists[metaparam_t[2]]) do		-- spin through the list of keywords
				keywords_t[keyword] = metaparam_t[1];							-- add [keyword] = metaparameter to the map
			end
		end

		for _, param in ipairs (params_t) do									-- spin through the {{cs1 config}} parameters and fill &lt;global_cs1_config_t&gt;
			local k, v = param:match ('([^=]-)%s*=%s*(.+)');					-- &lt;k&gt; is the parameter name; &lt;v&gt; is parameter's assigned value
			if k then
				if k:find ('^display') then										-- if &lt;k&gt; is one of the |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameters
					if v:match ('%d+') then										-- the assigned value must be digits; doesn't accept 'etal'
						global_cs1_config_t[meta_param_map_t[k]]=v;				-- add the display param and its value to globals table
					end
				else
					if keywords_t[v] == meta_param_map_t[k] then				-- keywords_t[v] returns nil or the metaparam name; these must be the same
						global_cs1_config_t[meta_param_map_t[k]]=v;				-- add the parameter and its value to globals table
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

get_cs1_config ();																-- fill &lt;global_cs1_config_t&gt;


--[[---------------------&lt; S T R I P M A R K E R S &gt;----------------------------

Common pattern definition location for stripmarkers so that we don't have to go
hunting for them if (when) MediaWiki changes their form.

]]

local stripmarkers = {
	['any'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-(%a+)%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127',			-- capture returns name of stripmarker
	['math'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-math%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127'			-- math stripmarkers used in coins_cleanup() and coins_replace_math_stripmarker()
	}


--[[------------&lt; I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R A C T E R S &gt;---------------------

This table holds non-printing or invisible characters indexed either by name or
by Unicode group. Values are decimal representations of UTF-8 codes.  The table
is organized as a table of tables because the Lua pairs keyword returns table
data in an arbitrary order.  Here, we want to process the table from top to bottom
because the entries at the top of the table are also found in the ranges specified
by the entries at the bottom of the table.

Also here is a pattern that recognizes stripmarkers that begin and end with the
delete characters.  The nowiki stripmarker is not an error but some others are
because the parameter values that include them become part of the template's
metadata before stripmarker replacement.

]]

local invisible_defs = {
	del = '\127',																-- used to distinguish between stripmarker and del char
	zwj = '\226\128\141',														-- used with capture because zwj may be allowed
	}

local invisible_chars = {
	{'replacement', '\239\191\189'},											-- U+FFFD, EF BF BD
	{'zero width joiner', '('.. invisible_defs.zwj .. ')'},						-- U+200D, E2 80 8D; capture because zwj may be allowed
	{'zero width space', '\226\128\139'},										-- U+200B, E2 80 8B
	{'hair space', '\226\128\138'},												-- U+200A, E2 80 8A
	{'soft hyphen', '\194\173'},												-- U+00AD, C2 AD
	{'horizontal tab', '\009'},													-- U+0009 (HT), 09
	{'line feed', '\010'},														-- U+000A (LF), 0A
	{'no-break space', '\194\160'},												-- U+00A0 (NBSP), C2 A0
	{'carriage return', '\013'},												-- U+000D (CR), 0D
	{'stripmarker', stripmarkers.any},											-- stripmarker; may or may not be an error; capture returns the stripmaker type
	{'delete', '('.. invisible_defs.del .. ')'},								-- U+007F (DEL), 7F; must be done after stripmarker test; capture to distinguish isolated del chars not part of stripmarker
	{'C0 control', '[\000-\008\011\012\014-\031]'},								-- U+0000–U+001F (NULL–US), 00–1F (except HT, LF, CR (09, 0A, 0D))
	{'C1 control', '[\194\128-\194\159]'},										-- U+0080–U+009F (XXX–APC), C2 80 – C2 9F
	--	{'Specials', '[\239\191\185-\239\191\191]'},								-- U+FFF9-U+FFFF, EF BF B9 – EF BF BF
	--	{'Private use area', '[\238\128\128-\239\163\191]'},						-- U+E000–U+F8FF, EE 80 80 – EF A3 BF
	--	{'Supplementary Private Use Area-A', '[\243\176\128\128-\243\191\191\189]'},	-- U+F0000–U+FFFFD, F3 B0 80 80 – F3 BF BF BD
	--	{'Supplementary Private Use Area-B', '[\244\128\128\128-\244\143\191\189]'},	-- U+100000–U+10FFFD, F4 80 80 80 – F4 8F BF BD
	}

--[[

Indic script makes use of zero width joiner as a character modifier so zwj
characters must be left in.  This pattern covers all of the unicode characters
for these languages:
	Devanagari					0900–097F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf
		Devanagari extended		A8E0–A8FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA8E0.pdf
	Bengali						0980–09FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0980.pdf
	Gurmukhi					0A00–0A7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf
	Gujarati					0A80–0AFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A80.pdf
	Oriya						0B00–0B7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf
	Tamil						0B80–0BFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf
	Telugu						0C00–0C7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf
	Kannada						0C80–0CFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf
	Malayalam					0D00–0D7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf
plus the not-necessarily Indic scripts for Sinhala and Burmese:
	Sinhala						0D80-0DFF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D80.pdf
	Myanmar						1000-109F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf
		Myanmar extended A		AA60-AA7F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAA60.pdf
		Myanmar extended B		A9E0-A9FF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA9E0.pdf
the pattern is used by has_invisible_chars() and coins_cleanup()

]]

local indic_script = '[\224\164\128-\224\181\191\224\163\160-\224\183\191\225\128\128-\225\130\159\234\167\160-\234\167\191\234\169\160-\234\169\191]';

-- list of emoji that use a zwj character (U+200D) to combine with another emoji
-- from: https://unicode.org/Public/emoji/17.0/emoji-zwj-sequences.txt; version: 17.0; 2025-01-08
-- table created by: [[:en:Module:Make emoji zwj table]]
local emoji_t = {																-- indexes are decimal forms of the hex values in U+xxxx
	[8596] = true,																-- U+2194 ↔ left right arrow
	[8597] = true,																-- U+2195 ↕ up down arrow
	[9760] = true,																-- U+2620 ☠ skull and crossbones
	[9792] = true,																-- U+2640 ♀ female sign
	[9794] = true,																-- U+2642 ♂ male sign
	[9877] = true,																-- U+2695 ⚕ staff of aesculapius
	[9878] = true,																-- U+2696 ⚖ scales
	[9895] = true,																-- U+26A7 ⚧ male with stroke and male and female sign
	[9992] = true,																-- U+2708 ✈ airplane
	[10052] = true,																-- U+2744 ❄ snowflake
	[10084] = true,																-- U+2764 ❤ heavy black heart
	[10145] = true,																-- U+27A1 ➡ black rightwards arrow
	[11035] = true,																-- U+2B1B ⬛ black large square
	[127752] = true,															-- U+1F308 🌈 rainbow
	[127787] = true,															-- U+1F32B 🌫 fog
	[127806] = true,															-- U+1F33E 🌾 ear of rice
	[127859] = true,															-- U+1F373 🍳 cooking
	[127868] = true,															-- U+1F37C 🍼 baby bottle
	[127876] = true,															-- U+1F384 🎄 christmas tree
	[127891] = true,															-- U+1F393 🎓 graduation cap
	[127908] = true,															-- U+1F3A4 🎤 microphone
	[127912] = true,															-- U+1F3A8 🎨 artist palette
	[127979] = true,															-- U+1F3EB 🏫 school
	[127981] = true,															-- U+1F3ED 🏭 factory
	[128048] = true,															-- U+1F430 🐰 rabbit face
	[128102] = true,															-- U+1F466 👦 boy
	[128103] = true,															-- U+1F467 👧 girl
	[128104] = true,															-- U+1F468 👨 man
	[128105] = true,															-- U+1F469 👩 woman
	[128139] = true,															-- U+1F48B 💋 kiss mark
	[128165] = true,															-- U+1F4A5 💥 collision symbol
	[128168] = true,															-- U+1F4A8 💨 dash symbol
	[128171] = true,															-- U+1F4AB 💫 dizzy symbol
	[128187] = true,															-- U+1F4BB 💻 personal computer
	[128188] = true,															-- U+1F4BC 💼 brief case
	[128293] = true,															-- U+1F525 🔥 fire
	[128295] = true,															-- U+1F527 🔧 wrench
	[128300] = true,															-- U+1F52C 🔬 microscope
	[128488] = true,															-- U+1F5E8 🗨 left speech bubble
	[128640] = true,															-- U+1F680 🚀 rocket
	[128658] = true,															-- U+1F692 🚒 fire engine
	[129001] = true,															-- U+1F7E9 🟩 large green square
	[129003] = true,															-- U+1F7EB 🟫 large brown square
	[129309] = true,															-- U+1F91D 🤝 handshake
	[129455] = true,															-- U+1F9AF 🦯 probing cane
	[129456] = true,															-- U+1F9B0 🦰 emoji component red hair
	[129457] = true,															-- U+1F9B1 🦱 emoji component curly hair
	[129458] = true,															-- U+1F9B2 🦲 emoji component bald
	[129459] = true,															-- U+1F9B3 🦳 emoji component white hair
	[129466] = true,															-- U+1F9BA 🦺 safety vest
	[129468] = true,															-- U+1F9BC 🦼 motorized wheelchair
	[129469] = true,															-- U+1F9BD 🦽 manual wheelchair
	[129489] = true,															-- U+1F9D1 🧑 adult
	[129490] = true,															-- U+1F9D2 🧒 child
	[129648] = true,															-- U+1FA70 🩰 ballet shoes
	[129657] = true,															-- U+1FA79 🩹 adhesive bandage
	[129775] = true,															-- U+1FAEF 🫯 fight cloud
	[129778] = true,															-- U+1FAF2 🫲 leftwards hand
	}


--[[----------------------&lt; L A N G U A G E   S U P P O R T &gt;-------------------

These tables and constants support various language-specific functionality.

]]

--local this_wiki_code = mw.getContentLanguage():getCode();						-- get this wiki's language code
local this_wiki_code = lang_obj:getCode();										-- get this wiki's language code
if string.match (mw.site.server, 'wikidata') then
		this_wiki_code = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('int', {'lang'}); -- on Wikidata so use interface language setting instead
	end

local mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames (this_wiki_code, 'all');	-- get a table of language tag/name pairs known to Wikimedia; used for interwiki tests
local mw_languages_by_name_t = {};
	for k, v in pairs (mw_languages_by_tag_t) do								-- build a 'reversed' table name/tag language pairs know to MediaWiki; used for |language=
		v = mw.ustring.lower (v);												-- lowercase for tag fetch; get name's proper case from mw_languages_by_tag_t[&lt;tag&gt;]
		if mw_languages_by_name_t[v] then										-- when name already in the table
			if 2 == #k or 3 == #k then											-- if tag does not have subtags
				mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k;									-- prefer the shortest tag for this name
			end
		else																	-- here when name not in the table
			mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k;										-- so add name and matching tag
		end
	end

local inter_wiki_map = {};														-- map of interwiki prefixes that are language-code prefixes
	for k, v in pairs (mw.site.interwikiMap ('local')) do						-- spin through the base interwiki map (limited to local)
		if mw_languages_by_tag_t[v[&quot;prefix&quot;]] then								-- if the prefix matches a known language tag
			inter_wiki_map[v[&quot;prefix&quot;]] = true;									-- add it to our local map
		end
	end


--[[--------------------&lt; S C R I P T _ L A N G _ C O D E S &gt;-------------------

This table is used to hold ISO 639-1 two-character and ISO 639-3 three-character
language codes that apply only to |script-title= and |script-chapter=

]]

local script_lang_codes = {
	'ab', 'am', 'ar', 'as', 'az', 'be', 'bg', 'bn', 'bo', 'bs', 'ce', 'chr',
	'cu', 'dv', 'dz', 'el', 'fa', 'grc', 'gu', 'he', 'hi', 'hy', 'ja', 'ka',
	'kaa', 'kk', 'km', 'kn', 'ko', 'ku', 'ky', 'lo', 'mk', 'ml', 'mn', 'mni',
	'mr', 'my', 'ne', 'or', 'ota', 'pa', 'ps', 'ru', 'sd', 'si', 'sr', 'syc',
	'ta', 'te', 'tg', 'th', 'ti', 'tkr', 'tt', 'ug', 'uk', 'ur', 'uz', 'yi',
	'yue', 'zh', 'zgh'
	};


--[[---------------&lt; L A N G U A G E   R E M A P P I N G &gt;----------------------

These tables hold language information that is different (correct) from MediaWiki's definitions

For each ['&lt;tag&gt;'] = 'language name' in lang_code_remap{} there must be a matching ['language name'] = {'language name', '&lt;tag&gt;'} in lang_name_remap{}

lang_tag_remap{}:
	key is always lowercase ISO 639-1, -2, -3 language tag or a valid lowercase IETF language tag
	value is properly spelled and capitalized language name associated with &lt;tag&gt;
	only one language name per &lt;tag&gt;;
	key/value pair must have matching entry in lang_name_remap{}

lang_name_remap{}:
	key is always lowercase language name
	value is a table the holds correctly spelled and capitalized language name [1] and associated tag [2] (tag must match a tag key in lang_tag_remap{})
	may have multiple keys referring to a common preferred name and tag; For example:
		['kolsch'] and ['kölsch'] both refer to 'Kölsch' and 'ksh'

]]

local lang_tag_remap = {														-- used for |language= and |script-title= / |script-chapter=
	['als'] = 'Tosk Albanian',													-- MediaWiki returns Alemannisch 
	['bh'] = 'Bihari',															-- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org
	['bla'] = 'Blackfoot',														-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name
	['bn'] = 'Bengali',															-- MediaWiki returns Bangla
	['ca-valencia'] = 'Valencian',												-- IETF variant of Catalan
	['fkv'] = 'Kven',															-- MediaWiki returns Kvensk
	['gsw'] = 'Swiss German',
	['ilo'] = 'Ilocano',														-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name
	['ksh'] = 'Kölsch',															-- MediaWiki: Colognian; use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name
	['ksh-x-colog'] = 'Colognian',												-- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Colognian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data
	['mis-x-ripuar'] = 'Ripuarian',												-- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Ripuarian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data
	['nan-tw'] = 'Taiwanese Hokkien',											-- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese and support en.wiki preferred name
	['sr-ec'] = 'Serbian (Cyrillic script)',									-- MediaWiki returns српски (ћирилица)
	['sr-el'] = 'Serbian (Latin script)',										-- MediaWiki returns srpski (latinica)
	}

local lang_name_remap = {														-- used for |language=; names require proper capitalization; tags must be lowercase
	['alemannic'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'},									-- ISO 639-2, -3 alternate for Swiss German; MediaWiki mediawiki returns Alemannic for gsw; en.wiki preferred name
	['alemannisch'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'},									-- not an ISO or IANA language name; MediaWiki uses 'als' as a subdomain name for Alemannic Wikipedia: als.wikipedia.org
	['bangla'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'},												-- MediaWiki returns Bangla (the endonym) but we want Bengali (the exonym); here we remap
	['bengali'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'},											-- MediaWiki doesn't use exonym so here we provide correct language name and 639-1 code
	['bhojpuri'] = {'Bhojpuri', 'bho'},											-- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org
	['bihari'] = {'Bihari', 'bh'},												-- MediaWiki replaces 'Bihari' with 'Bhojpuri' so 'Bihari' cannot be found
	['blackfoot'] = {'Blackfoot', 'bla'},										-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name
	['colognian'] = {'Colognian', 'ksh-x-colog'},								-- MediaWiki preferred name for ksh
	['ilocano'] = {'Ilocano', 'ilo'},											-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name
	['kolsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'},												-- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name (use non-diacritical o instead of umlaut ö)
	['kölsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'},												-- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name
	['kven'] = {'Kven', 'fkv'},													-- Unicode CLDR have decided not to support English language name for these two...
	['kvensk'] = {'Kven', 'fkv'},												-- ...they say to refer to IANA registry for English names
	['ripuarian'] = {'Ripuarian', 'mis-x-ripuar'},								-- group of dialects; no code in MediaWiki or in IANA/ISO 639
	['serbian (cyrillic script)'] = {'Serbian (Cyrillic script)', 'sr-cyrl'},	-- special case to get correct tag when |language=sr-ec
	['serbian (latin script)'] = {'Serbian (Latin script)', 'sr-latn'},			-- special case to get correct tag when |language=sr-el
	['swiss german'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'},
	['taiwanese hokkien'] = {'Taiwanese Hokkien', 'nan-tw'},					-- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese 
	['tosk albanian'] = {'Tosk Albanian', 'als'},								-- MediaWiki replaces 'Tosk Albanian' with 'Alemannisch' so 'Tosk Albanian' cannot be found
	['valencian'] = {'Valencian', 'ca-valencia'},								-- variant of Catalan; categorizes as Valencian
	}


--[[---------------&lt; P R O P E R T I E S _ C A T E G O R I E S &gt;----------------

Properties categories. These are used for investigating qualities of citations.

]]

local prop_cats = {
	['foreign-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)',					-- |language= categories; $1 is foreign-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code
	['foreign-lang-source-2'] = 'CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)|$1',	-- |language= category; a cat for ISO639-2 languages; $1 is the ISO 639-2 code used as a sort key
	['interproj-linked-name'] = 'CS1 interproject-linked names|$1',				-- any author, editor, etc that has an interproject link; $1 is interproject tag used as a sort key
	['interwiki-linked-name'] = 'CS1 interwiki-linked names|$1',				-- any author, editor, etc that has an interwiki link; $1 is interwiki tag used as a sort key; yeilds to interproject
	['local-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)',						-- |language= categories; $1 is local-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code; not emitted when local_lang_cat_enable is false
	['location-test'] = 'CS1 location test',
	['long-vol'] = 'CS1: long volume value',									-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |volume= values longer than 4 characters
	['script'] = 'CS1 uses $1-language script ($2)',							-- |script-title=xx: has matching category; $1 is language name, $2 is language tag
	['tracked-param'] = 'CS1 tracked parameter: $1',							-- $1 is base (enumerators removed) parameter name
	['unfit'] = 'CS1: unfit URL',												-- |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped; used to be a maint cat
	['vanc-accept'] = 'CS1:Vancouver names with accept markup',					-- for |vauthors=/|veditors= with accept-as-written markup
	['year-range-abbreviated'] = 'CS1: abbreviated year range',					-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |date=, |year= values using YYYY–YY form
	}


--[[-------------------&lt; T I T L E _ T Y P E S &gt;--------------------------------

Here we map a template's CitationClass to TitleType (default values for |type= parameter)

]]

local title_types = {
	['AV-media-notes'] = 'Media notes',
	['document'] = 'Document',
	['interview'] = 'Interview',
	['mailinglist'] = 'Mailing list',
	['map'] = 'Map',
	['podcast'] = 'Podcast',
	['pressrelease'] = 'Press release',
	['report'] = 'Report',
	['speech'] = 'Speech',
	['techreport'] = 'Technical report',
	['thesis'] = 'Thesis',
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; B U I L D _ K N O W N _ F R E E _ D O I _ R E G I S T R A N T S _ T A B L E &gt;--

build a table of doi registrants known to be free-to-read  In a doi, the registrant ID is the series of digits
between the '10.' and the first '/': in doi 10.1100/sommat, 1100 is the registrant ID

see §3.2.2 DOI prefix of the Doi Handbook p. 43
https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/DOI_Handbook_Final.pdf#page=43

]]

local function build_free_doi_registrants_table()
	local registrants_t = {};
	for _, v in ipairs ({
		'1045', '1074', '1096', '1100', '1155', '1186', '1194', '1371', '1613', '1629', '1989', '1999', '2147', '2196',	'3114', '3285',
		'3389', '3390', '3767', '3906',	'3748', '3814', '3847', '3897', '4061', '4089', '4103', '4172', '4175', '4230',	'4236', '4239',
		'4240', '4249', '4251', '4252', '4253',	'4254',	'4291', '4292', '4312', '4329', '4330', '4331',	'5074',	'5086', '5194',
		'5210', '5306', '5312', '5313', '5314', '5315', '5316',	'5317', '5318',	'5319',	'5320', '5321',	'5334', '5402', '5409',
		'5410', '5411', '5412', '5492', '5493', '5494', '5495', '5496',	'5497', '5498', '5499',	'5500', '5501',	'5527', '5528',
		'5662', '6064', '6219',	'7167', '7217', '7287', '7482', '7490', '7554',	'7717',	'7759', '7766', '9778',
		'11131', '11569', '11647', '11648', '12688', '12703', '12715', '12942', '12998', '13105', '14256', '14293', '14303', '14502', '14720',
		'15215', '15227', '15292', '15458', '15347', '15412', '15560', '16995', '17573', '17645', '18553', '18637', '18757', '19080', '19173', '20419',
		'20944', '21037', '21105', '21468', '21767', '21425', '22261', '22323', '22459', '24105', '24196', '24404', '24413', '24966', '26529',
		'26614', '26775', '26873', '30845', '32545', '34291', '34641', '35711', '35712', '35713', '35995', '36648', '37126', '37532', '37871',
		'47128', '47622', '47959', '48438', '51741', '51746', '51935', '51936', '51937', '51938', '51939', '51940', '52165', '52437', '52975',
		'53288', '53347', '54081', '54947', '55295', '55667', '55741', '55914', '57009', '58647', '58782', '59081', '59490', '61375', '66183', '70587',
		}) do
			registrants_t[v] = true;											-- build a k/v table of known free-to-read doi registrants
	end

	return registrants_t;
end
																				-- known free registrants identifiable by the doi suffix incipit
local extended_registrants_t = {												-- doi suffix incipits are evaluated as lua patterns
	['1001'] = {'jamanetworkopen'},                                             -- JAMA Network Open
	['1002'] = {'1878-0261', '2056-4538', '2211-5463', '2475-8876', '2688-8319', 'aaai%.', 'aac2%.', 'ache%.', 'acm2%.', 'acn3%.', 'acr2%.', 'admi%.', 'adpr%.', 'adrr%.', 'adsr%.', 'advs%.', 'ael2%.', 'aelm%.', 'aesr%.', 'aff2%.', 'agf2%.', 'agg2%.', 'agm2%.', 'ags3%.', 'agt2%.', 'aidi%.', 'ail2%.', 'aisy%.', 'aiv2%.', 'alz%.', 'ame2%.', 'ams2%.', 'anbr%.', 'ansa%.', 'apj%.', 'app5%.', 'aps3%.', 'apxr%.', 'aro2%.', 'ars2%.', 'asl2%.', 'atn2%.', 'bco2%.', 'bes2%.', 'bmm2%.', 'bod2%.', 'brb3%.', 'brh2%.', 'brx2%.', 'bsa3%.', 'bte2%.', 'btm2%.', 'cai2%.', 'cam4%.', 'cbh2%.', 'ccr3%.', 'ccs3%.', 'cdt3%.', 'celc%.', 'cep4%.', 'ces2%.', 'cesm%.', 'ceur%.', 'cey2%.', 'cfch%.', 'cfp2%.', 'cin4%.', 'clc%.', 'clem%.', 'cli2%.', 'clt2%.', 'cmt2%.', 'cmtd%.', 'cnl2%.', 'cnr2%.', 'cns%.', 'cns3%.', 'cnx2%.', 'cre2%.', 'csc3%.', 'cso2%.', 'ctd2%.', 'cti2%.', 'ctm2%.', 'dad2%.', 'deo2%.', 'dep2%.', 'dni2%.', 'dro2%.', 'dug2%.', 'dvr2%.', 'eas2%.', 'ece2%.', 'ece3%.', 'ecog%.', 'ecs2%.', 'edm2%.', 'edn3%.', 'eem2%.', 'eer3%.', 'efd2%.', 'ejsc%.', 'elsa%.', 'elt2%.', 'eng2%.', 'eom2%.', 'epi4%.', 'epr2%.', 'ese3%.', 'exp%.', 'fbe2%.', 'fci2%.', 'fer3%.', 'fes3%.', 'fft2%.', 'fhu2%.', 'fle2%.', 'flm2%.', 'fob2%.', 'fpf2%.', 'fsh3%.', 'fsn3%.', 'gcb4%.', 'gch2%.', 'gdj3%.', 'geo2%.', 'ggn2%.', 'gin2%.', 'glr2%.', 'gps3%.', 'gtm2%.', 'hbm%.', 'hcs2%.', 'hem3%.', 'hkj2%.', 'hsr2%.', 'ibra%.', 'idm2%.', 'ifm2%.', 'iid3%.', 'iju5%.', 'ila2%.', 'imed%.', 'imm3%.', 'imo2%.', 'imt2%.', 'inc2%.', 'inc3%.', 'inf2%.', 'inm3%.', 'inmd%.', 'ird3%.', 'ise3%.', 'jaa2%.', 'jav%.', 'jbt%.', 'jcc5%.', 'jcla%.', 'jcsm%.', 'jcv2%.', 'jeo2%.', 'jev2%.', 'jex2%.', 'jfa2%.', 'jgf2%.', 'jgh3%.', 'jha2%.', 'jia2%.', 'jmd2%.', 'jmrs%.', 'joa3%.', 'jpr3%.', 'jsf2%.', 'jsp2%.', 'jvc2%.', 'kjm2%.', 'kot2%.', 'lci2%.', 'ldr%.', 'leap%.', 'leg3%.', 'lim2%.', 'lio2%.', 'loe2%.', 'lol2%.', 'lrh2%.', 'mame%.', 'mba2%.', 'mbo3%.', 'mco2%.', 'mdb2%.', 'mdr2%.', 'med4%.', 'mef2%.', 'met%.', 'metm%.', 'mgea%.', 'mgg3%.', 'mhs2%.', 'mlf2%.', 'mmr3%.', 'moda%.', 'mog2%.', 'mpr%.', 'mps2%.', 'msd2%.', 'nam2%.', 'nano%.', 'nap2%.', 'neo2%.', 'nep3%.', 'njb%.', 'nop2%.', 'npp2%.', 'npr2%.', 'ntls%.', 'open%.', 'orm2%.', 'osp4%.', 'oto2%.', 'pan3%.', 'pchj%.', 'pcn5%.', 'pdi3%.', 'ped4%.', 'pei3%.', 'pfm2%.', 'pgr2%.', 'phmt%.', 'pld3%.', 'pls2%.', 'pmf2%.', 'pne2%.', 'pnp%.', 'poh2%.', 'ppj2%.', 'ppp3%.', 'prm2%.', 'pro6%.', 'prp2%.', 'psp4%.', 'puh2%.', 'pul2%.', 'qub2%.', 'rai2%.', 'rar2%.', 'rco2%.', 'rcr2%.', 'rfc2%.', 'rmb2%.', 'rpm2%.', 'rse2%.', 'rvr2%.', 'sae2%.', 'sen2%.', 'sfp2%.', 'smb2%.', 'smm2%.', 'smmd%.', 'smo2%.', 'smsc%.', 'sst2%.', 'sst3%.', 'sstr%.', 'sus2%.', 'tch2%.', 'tcr4%.', 'tpg2%.', 'trc2%.', 'tre%.', 'uar2%.', 'ueg2%.', 'uro2%.', 'viw2%.', 'vms3%.', 'vro2%.', 'vzj2%.', 'we%.', 'wjo2%.', 'wlb3%.', 'wll2%.', 'wsb%.'}, -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&amp;oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2
	['1016'] = {'j%.aace', 'j%.aed', 'j%.aiopen', 'j%.animal', 'j%.apsb', 'j%.addicn',	-- AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes, AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes, AI Open, Animal, Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Addiction Neuroscience
				'j%.abrep', 'j%.fob', 'j%.gpb', 'j%.heliyon', 'j%.mucimm%.', 'j%.nlp', 'j%.patter', 'j%.proche', -- Addictive Behaviors Reports, FEBS Open Bio, Genomics, Proteomics &amp; Bioinformatics after 2015, Heliyon, Mucosal Immunology, Natural Language Processing, Patterns, Procedia Chemistry
				'j%.vgie', 'S1672-0229', 'S1933-0219'},		                                -- VideoGIE, Genomics, Proteomics &amp; Bioinformatics before 2015, Mucosal Immunology
	['1017'] = {'apj%.', 'nlp', 'mdh', 'S15574660'},  							-- Natural Language Processing Journal, Medical History, Asia Pacific Journal
	['1021'] = {'acscentsci', 'acsomega'},                                      -- ACS Central Science, ACS Omega
	['1029'] = {'2025cn', '2025csj', '2025ea', '2025gc', '2025gh', '2025ms', '2025sw', '2025wr', '2026ef', '2026gl', '2026jh', 'aga2.70129'}, -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&amp;oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2
	['1038'] = {'41541%.', '43246%.', 'asiamat%.', 'boneres%.', 'cddis%.', 'cddiscovery%.', 'celldisc%.', 'mi%.', 'nutd%.', 'oncsis%.', 's40494', 's41377', 's41392', 's41396', 's41398', 's41405', 's41407', 's41408', 's41439', 's41467', 's41514', 's41522', 's41523', 's41524', 's41525', 's41526', 's41528', 's41529', 's41531', 's41533', 's41534', 's41535', 's41536', 's41537', 's41538', 's41539', 's41540', 's41545', 's41598', 's41612', 's41698', 's41699', 's41746', 's42003', 's42004', 's42005', 's42949', 's43247', 's43705', 's43856', 's44168', 's44172', 's44182', 's44183', 's44184', 's44185', 's44259', 's44260', 's44264', 's44271', 's44276', 's44294', 's44296', 's44298', 's44303', 's44304', 's44306', 's44310', 's44323', 's44324', 's44325', 's44328', 's44333', 's44334', 's44335', 's44341', 's44355', 's44383', 's44384', 's44385', 's44386', 's44387', 's44400', 's44401', 's44406', 's44407', 's44431', 's44432', 's44433', 's44434', 's44435', 's44440', 's44453', 's44454', 's44455', 's44456', 's44458', 's44459', 's44482', 's44484', 's44485', 's44488', 's44513', 's44528', 'sdata%.'}, -- Nature journals (npj series, Communications series, and many others, see https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=1368822567 and https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=1368822567)
	['1046'] = {'j%.1365-8711', 'j%.1365-246x'},								-- MNRAS, GJI
	['1049'] = {'aie2%.', 'blc2%.', 'bme2', 'bsb2%.', 'ccs2%.', 'cds2', 'cdt2', 'cim2%.', 'cit2%.', 'cmu2%.', 'cps2%.', 'csy2%.', 'cth2%.', 'cvi2%.', 'dgt2%.', 'ein2%.', 'ell2%.', 'elp2%.', 'els2', 'ema3%.', 'enb2%.', 'enc2%.', 'esi2%.', 'gtd2%.', 'htl2%.', 'hve2%.', 'ipr2%.', 'ise2', 'itr2%.', 'mia2%.', 'mna2%.', 'nbt2', 'nde2%.', 'ntw2%.', 'ote2%.', 'pel2%.', 'qtc2%.', 'rpg2%.', 'rsn2%.', 'ses2%.', 'sfw2', 'sil2', 'smc2%.', 'smt2%.', 'stg2%.', 'syb2%.', 'tje2%.', 'wss2%.'},     -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&amp;oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2
	['1051'] = {'parasite'},                                                    -- Parasite
	['1057'] = {'s41599'},                                                      -- Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
	['1093'] = {'mnras', 'mnrasl', 'gji', 'pnasnexus', 'rasti', 'ismeco', 'ismejo'},				-- MNRAS, MNRAS Letters, GJI, PNAS Nexus, RASTI, ISME Communications, ISME Journal
	['1096'] = {'fba%.'},														-- FASEB BioAdvances
	['1098'] = {'rsbm', 'rsob', 'rsos'},                                        -- Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Open Biology, Royal Society Open Science
	['1099'] = {'acmi', 'mic', '00221287', 'mgen'},                             -- Access Microbiology, Microbiology, Journal of General Microbiology, Microbial Genomics
	['1107'] = {'S20569890', 'S20522525', 'S16005775', 'S24143146'},            -- Acta Crystallographica E, IUCrJ, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, IUCrData
	['1109'] = {'access', 'oa', 'oj'},                                          -- IEEE Access, IEEE Open Access..., IEEE Open Journal...
	['1111'] = {'1365-2435', '1442-1984', '1751-7915', '1753-0407', '1755-0998', '1758-2229', '1759-7714', '2041-210x', 'j%.1365-2966', 'j%.1745-3933', 'j%.1365-246X','acel%.', 'adb%.', 'anec%.', 'aogs%.', 'bor%.', 'bpa%.', 'cas%.', 'con4%.', 'cpr%.', 'crj%.', 'csp2%.', 'cts%.', 'ddi%.', 'ejed%.', 'ene%.', 'eva%.', 'gbb%.', 'gcbb%.', 'hex%.', 'irv%.', 'iwj%.', 'jch%.', 'jcmm%.', 'jdi%.', 'jfr3%.', 'jocd%.', 'jwas%.', 'mcn%.', 'mpp%.', 'myc%.', 'nrm%.', 'os%.', 'pbi%.', 'srt%.'},  -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&amp;oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2
	['1112'] = {'tlm3%.'},														-- Transactions of the London Mathematical Society
	['1113'] = {'ep'},															-- Experimental Physiology
	['1128'] = {'asmcr', 'jmbe', 'mbio', 'mra', 'spectrum', 'msphere', 'msystems'}, --ASM Case Reports, Journal of Microbiology &amp; Biology Education, mBio, Microbiology Resource Announcements, Microbiology Spectrum, mSphere, mSystems
	['1136'] = {'bmjopen'},                                                     -- BMJ Open
	['1140'] = {'epjconf'},														-- EPJ Web of Conferences
	['1161'] = {'jaha%.'},
	['1176'] = {'appi%.prcp%.'},
	['1192'] = {'bjo'},                                                         -- BJPsych Open
	['1210'] = {'jendso','jcemcr'},												-- Journal of the Endocrine Society, JCEM Case Reports
	['1215'] = {'21573689', '21573698'},                                        -- L&amp;O Fluids 
	['1257'] = {'jep'},															-- Journal of Economic Perspectives  	
	['1590'] = {'0102-3306'},                                                   -- Acta Botanica Brasilica
	['2903'] = {'j%.efsa%.'},
	['3322'] = {'caac%.'},
	['3982'] = {'qw', 'te'},
	['4171'] = {'dm','mag'},												    -- Documenta Mathematica, EMS Magazine
	['4319'] = {'lo%.', 'lol%.', 'lom%.'},                                      -- L&amp;O, L&amp;O e-Lectures, L&amp;O Methods
	['5852'] = {'ejt'},                                                         -- European Journal of Taxonomy
	['7155'] = {'jgaa'},                                                        -- Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications
	['7758'] =  {'rsf'},                                                        -- RSJ Journal
	['11158'] = {'saasp'},                                                      -- Systematic and Applied Acarology Special Publications
	['11646'] = {'megataxa', 'mesozoic'},                                       -- Megataxa, Mesozoic
	['14231'] = {'ag'},															-- Algebraic Geometry
	['14814'] = {'phy2%.'},
	['15302'] = {'vr%.'},
	['15446'] = {'abc'},                                                        -- Acta Biológica Colombiana
	['17239'] = {'jowr'},                                                       -- Journal of Writing Research
	['22073'] = {'pja'},                                                        -- Persian Journal of Acarology
	['24310'] = {'abm'},                                                        -- Acta Botanica Malacitana
	['24425'] = {'agp'},                                                        -- Acta  Geologica  Polonica
	['35249'] = {'rche'},                                                       -- Revista Chilena de Entomología
	['37520'] = {'fi'},                                                         -- Fossil Imprint
	['53562'] = {'ajcb'}                                                        -- Asian Journal of Conservation Biology
	}


--[[===================&lt;&lt; E R R O R   M E S S A G I N G &gt;&gt;======================
]]

--[[----------&lt; E R R O R   M E S S A G E   S U P P L E M E N T S &gt;-------------

I18N for those messages that are supplemented with additional specific text that
describes the reason for the error

TODO: merge this with special_case_translations{}?
]]

local err_msg_supl = {
	['char'] = 'invalid character',												-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	['check'] = 'checksum',														-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	empty_str = '(empty string)',												-- empty unknown parameter check when cite has |=
	['flag'] = 'flag',															-- |archive-url=
	['form'] = 'invalid form',													-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	['group'] = 'invalid group id',												-- |isbn=
	['initials'] = 'initials',													-- Vancouver
	['invalid language code'] = 'invalid language code',						-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['journal'] = 'journal',													-- |bibcode=
	['length'] = 'length',														-- |isbn=, |bibcode=, |sbn=
	['liveweb'] = 'liveweb',													-- |archive-url=
	['missing comma'] = 'missing comma',										-- Vancouver
	['missing prefix'] = 'missing prefix',										-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['missing title part'] = 'missing title part',								-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['name'] = 'name',															-- Vancouver
	['non-Latin char'] = 'non-Latin character',									-- Vancouver
	['path'] = 'path',															-- |archive-url=
	['prefix'] = 'invalid prefix',												-- |isbn=
	['punctuation'] = 'punctuation',											-- Vancouver
	['save'] = 'save command',													-- |archive-url=
	['suffix'] = 'suffix',														-- Vancouver
	['timestamp'] = 'timestamp',												-- |archive-url=
	['unknown language code'] = 'unknown language code',						-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['value'] = 'value',														-- |bibcode=
	['year'] = 'year',															-- |bibcode=
	}


--[[--------------&lt; E R R O R _ C O N D I T I O N S &gt;---------------------------

Error condition table.  This table has two sections: errors at the top, maintenance
at the bottom.  Maint 'messaging' does not have a 'message' (message=nil)

The following contains a list of IDs for various error conditions defined in the
code.  For each ID, we specify a text message to display, an error category to
include, and whether the error message should be wrapped as a hidden comment.

Anchor changes require identical changes to matching anchor in Help:CS1 errors

TODO: rename error_conditions{} to something more generic; create separate error
and maint tables inside that?

]]

local error_conditions = {
	err_accessdate_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;access-date=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'accessdate_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: access-date without URL',
		hidden = false
 		},
	err_apostrophe_markup = {
		message = 'Italic or bold markup not allowed in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'apostrophe_markup',
		category = 'CS1 errors: markup',
		hidden = false
 		},
	err_archive_date_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-date=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_date_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_date_url_ts_mismatch = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-date=&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; timestamp mismatch; $1 suggested',
		anchor = 'archive_date_url_ts_mismatch',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_missing_date = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-date=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_date',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; is malformed: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'archive_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_arxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'arxiv_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv',											-- same as bad arxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_asintld_missing_asin = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'asintld_missing_asin',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ASIN TLD',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_arxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_arxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_asin = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_asin',
		category ='CS1 errors: ASIN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_asin_tld = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin-tld=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_asin_tld',
		category ='CS1 errors: ASIN TLD',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_bibcode = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;bibcode=&lt;/code&gt; $1',		-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_bibcode',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bibcode',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_biorxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;biorxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_biorxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_citeseerx = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;citeseerx=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_citeseerx',
		category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_date = {
		message = 'Check date values in: $1',									-- $1 is a parameter name list
		anchor = 'bad_date',
		category = 'CS1 errors: dates',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_doi = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;doi=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_doi',
		category = 'CS1 errors: DOI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_hdl = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;hdl=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_hdl',
		category = 'CS1 errors: HDL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_isbn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;isbn=&lt;/code&gt; value: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_isbn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISBN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ismn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ismn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ismn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISMN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_issn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1issn=&lt;/code&gt; value',	-- $1 is 'e' or '' for eissn or issn
		anchor = 'bad_issn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISSN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_jfm = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;jfm=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_jfm',
		category = 'CS1 errors: JFM',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_jstor = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;jstor=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_jstor',
		category = 'CS1 errors: JSTOR',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_lccn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;lccn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_lccn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: LCCN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_medrxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;medrxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_medrxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: medRxiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_mr = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;mr=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_mr',
		category = 'CS1 errors: MR',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_oclc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;oclc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_oclc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OCLC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ol = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ol=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ol',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_osti = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;osti=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_osti',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OSTI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_paramlink = {														-- for |title-link=, |author/editor/translator-link=, |series-link=, |episode-link=
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; value',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bad_paramlink',
		category = 'CS1 errors: parameter link',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_pmc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_pmc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_pmid = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmid=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_pmid',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMID',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_rfc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;rfc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_rfc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: RFC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_s2cid = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;s2cid=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_s2cid',
		category = 'CS1 errors: S2CID',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_sbn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;sbn=&lt;/code&gt; value: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_sbn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SBN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ssrn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ssrn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ssrn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_url = {
		message = 'Check $1 value',												-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bad_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_usenet_id = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;message-id=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_message_id',
		category = 'CS1 errors: message-id',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_zbl = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;zbl=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_zbl',
		category = 'CS1 errors: Zbl',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bare_url_missing_title = {
		message = '$1 missing title',											-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bare_url_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bare URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_biorxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;biorxiv=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'biorxiv_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv',										-- same as bad bioRxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_chapter_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'chapter_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: chapter ignored',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_citation_missing_title = {
		message = 'Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'citation_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing title',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_citeseerx_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;citeseerx=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'citeseerx_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx',										-- same as bad citeseerx
		hidden = false
		},
	err_cite_web_url = {														-- this error applies to cite web and to cite podcast
		message = 'Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'cite_web_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: requires URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_class_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;class=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'class_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: class',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_contributor_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;contributor=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'contributor_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: contributor',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_contributor_missing_required_param = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;contributor=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'contributor_missing_required_param',
		category = 'CS1 errors: contributor',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_deprecated_params = {
		message = 'Cite uses deprecated parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'deprecated_params',
		category = 'CS1 errors: deprecated parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_disp_name = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=$2&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name; $2 is the assigned value
		anchor = 'disp_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: display-names',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_doibroken_missing_doi = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;doi=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'doibroken_missing_doi',
		category = 'CS1 errors: DOI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_embargo_missing_pmc = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmc=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'embargo_missing_pmc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMC embargo',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_empty_citation = {
		message = 'Empty citation',
		anchor = 'empty_citation',
		category = 'CS1 errors: empty citation',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_etal = {
		message = 'Explicit use of et al. in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'explicit_et_al',
		category = 'CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_extra_text_edition = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;edition=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',
		anchor = 'extra_text_edition',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: edition',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_issue = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_issue',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: issue',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_pages = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_pages',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: pages',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_volume = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_volume',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: volume',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_first_missing_last = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; missing &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is first alias, $2 is matching last alias
		anchor = 'first_missing_last',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing name',									-- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator
		hidden = false
		},
	err_format_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is format parameter $2 is url parameter
		anchor = 'format_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: format without URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_generic_name = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has generic name',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'generic_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: generic name',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_generic_title = {
		message = 'Cite uses generic title',
		anchor = 'generic_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: generic title',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_invalid_isbn_date = {
		message = 'ISBN / Date incompatibility',
		anchor = 'invalid_isbn_date',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISBN date',
		hidden = true
		},
	err_invalid_param_val = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=$2&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name $2 is parameter value
		anchor = 'invalid_param_val',
		category = 'CS1 errors: invalid parameter value',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_invisible_char = {
		message = '$1 in $2 at position $3',									-- $1 is invisible char $2 is parameter name $3 is position number
		anchor = 'invisible_char',
		category = 'CS1 errors: invisible characters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_medrxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;medrxiv=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'medrxiv_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: medRxiv',										-- same as bad medRxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_name = {
		message = 'Missing &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1$2=&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is modified NameList; $2 is enumerator
		anchor = 'missing_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing name',									-- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_periodical = {
		message = 'Cite $1 requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical periodical parameter name for cite $1
		anchor = 'missing_periodical',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing periodical',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_pipe = {
		message = 'Missing pipe in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'missing_pipe',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing pipe',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_publisher = {
		message = 'Cite $1 requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical publisher parameter name for cite $1
		anchor = 'missing_publisher',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing publisher',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_numeric_names = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has numeric name',	-- $1 is parameter name',
		anchor = 'numeric_names',
		category = 'CS1 errors: numeric name',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_param_access_requires_param = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1-access=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_access_requires_param',
		category = 'CS1 errors: param-access',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_has_ext_link = {
		message = 'External link in &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_has_ext_link',
		category = 'CS1 errors: external links',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_has_twl_url = {
		message = 'Wikipedia Library link in &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_has_twl_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_parameter_ignored = {
		message = 'Unknown parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_parameter_ignored_suggest = {
		message = 'Unknown parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored (&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt; suggested)',	-- $1 is unknown parameter $2 is suggested parameter name
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored_suggest',
		category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_periodical_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'periodical_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: periodical ignored',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_redundant_parameters = {
		message = 'More than one of $1 specified',								-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'redundant_parameters',
		category = 'CS1 errors: redundant parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_script_parameter = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;: $2',		-- $1 is parameter name $2 is script language code or error detail
		anchor = 'script_parameter',
		category = 'CS1 errors: script parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_ssrn_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ssrn=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'ssrn_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_text_ignored = {
		message = 'Text &quot;$1&quot; ignored',											-- $1 is ignored text
		anchor = 'text_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: unrecognized parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_trans_missing_title = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;trans-$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;script-$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is base parameter name
		anchor = 'trans_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: translated title',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_unknown_empty = {
		message = 'Cite has empty unknown parameter$1: $2',						-- $1 is 's' or empty space; $2 is emty unknown param list
		anchor = 'param_unknown_empty',
		category = 'CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_vancouver = {
		message = 'Vancouver style error: $1 in name $2',						-- $1 is error detail, $2 is the nth name
		anchor = 'vancouver',
		category = 'CS1 errors: Vancouver style',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_wikilink_in_url = {
		message = 'URL–wikilink conflict',										-- uses ndash
		anchor = 'wikilink_in_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict',							-- uses ndash
		hidden = false
		},


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A I N T &gt;-------------------------------------

maint messages do not have a message (message = nil); otherwise the structure
is the same as error messages

]]

	maint_archive_origin = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'archive_origin',
		category = 'CS1 maint: archive origin',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_archived_copy = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'archived_copy',
		category = 'CS1 maint: archived copy as title',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_bibcode = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'bibcode',
		category = 'CS1 maint: bibcode',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_location_no_publisher = {												-- cite book, conference, encyclopedia; citation as book cite or encyclopedia cite
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'location_no_publisher',
		category = 'CS1 maint: location missing publisher',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_bot_unknown = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'bot:_unknown',
		category = 'CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_auto_xlated = {													-- date auto-translation not supported by en.wiki
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_auto_xlated',
		category = 'CS1 maint: date auto-translated',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: date format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_year = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_year',
		category = 'CS1 maint: date and year',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_deprecated_archive = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'deprecated_archive',
		category = 'CS1 maint: deprecated archival service',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_ignore',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ignored DOI errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_inactive = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_inactive',
		category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_inactive_dated = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_inactive_dated',
		category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of $2$3$1',						-- $1 is year, $2 is month-name or empty string, $3 is space or empty string
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_unflagged_free = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_unflagged_free',
		category = 'CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_extra_punct = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'extra_punct',
		category = 'CS1 maint: extra punctuation',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_id_limit_load_fail = {												-- applies to all cs1|2 templates on a page; 
		message = nil,															-- maint message (category link) never emitted
		anchor = 'id_limit_load_fail',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ID limit load fail',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_isbn_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ignore_isbn_err',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_issn_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ignore_issn',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISSN errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_jfm_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'jfm_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: JFM format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_location = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'location',
		category = 'CS1 maint: location',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_misc_url = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'misc_url',
		category = 'CS1 maint: miscellaneous url',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_missing_class = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'missing_class',
		category = 'CS1 maint: missing class',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_mr_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'mr_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: MR format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_mult_names = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'mult_names',
		category = 'CS1 maint: multiple names: $1',								-- $1 is '&lt;name&gt;s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_numeric_names = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'numeric_names',
		category = 'CS1 maint: numeric names: $1',								-- $1 is '&lt;name&gt;s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_others = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'others',
		category = 'CS1 maint: others',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_others_avm = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'others_avm',
		category = 'CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes)',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_overridden_setting = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'overridden',
		category = 'CS1 maint: overridden setting',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_page_art_num = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'page_art_num',
		category = 'CS1 maint: article number as page number',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_periodical_has_isbn = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'periodical_has_isbn',
		category = 'CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_pmc_embargo = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'embargo',
		category = 'CS1 maint: PMC embargo expired',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_pmc_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'pmc_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: PMC format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_postscript = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'postscript',
		category = 'CS1 maint: postscript',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_publisher_location = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'publisher_location',
		category = 'CS1 maint: publisher location',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_ref_duplicates_default = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ref_default',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ref duplicates default',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_shortened_archive_url = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'shortened_archive_url',
		category = 'CS1 maint: shortened archive url',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_unknown_lang = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'unknown_lang',
		category = 'CS1 maint: unrecognized language',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_untitled = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'untitled',
		category = 'CS1 maint: untitled periodical',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_url_status = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'url_status',
		category = 'CS1 maint: url-status',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_work_isbn = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'work_isbn',
		category = 'CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_year= {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'year',
		category = 'CS1 maint: year',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_zbl = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'zbl',
		category = 'CS1 maint: Zbl',
		hidden = true,
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; I D _ L I M I T S _ D A T A _ T &gt;----------------------------------------------

fetch id limits for certain identifiers from c:Data:CS1/Identifier limits.tab.  This source is a json tabular 
data file maintained at wikipedia commons.  Convert the json format to a table of k/v pairs.

The values from &lt;id_limits_data_t&gt; are used to set handle.id_limit.

From 2025-02-21, MediaWiki is broken.  Use this link to edit the tablular data file:
	https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data:CS1/Identifier_limits.tab&amp;action=edit
See Phab:T389105

]]

local id_limits_data_t;
local id_limits_data_load_fail = false;											-- flag; assume that we will be successful when loading json id limit tabular data

local use_commons_data = true;													-- set to false if your wiki does not have access to mediawiki commons; then,
if false == use_commons_data then												-- update this table from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:CS1/Identifier_limits.tab; last update: 2026-08-02
	id_limits_data_t = {['OCLC'] = 11160000000, ['OSTI'] = 23010000, ['PMC'] = 13500000, ['PMID'] = 42900000, ['RFC'] = 9300, ['SSRN'] = 7500000, ['S2CID'] = 290000000};	-- this table must be maintained locally

else																			-- here for wikis that do have access to mediawiki commons
	local load_fail_limit = 99999999999;										-- very high number to avoid error messages on load failure
	id_limits_data_t = {['OCLC'] = load_fail_limit, ['OSTI'] = load_fail_limit, ['PMC'] = load_fail_limit, ['PMID'] = load_fail_limit, ['RFC'] = load_fail_limit, ['SSRN'] = load_fail_limit, ['S2CID'] = load_fail_limit};
	
	if mw.ext.data == nil then
		id_limits_data_load_fail = true;										-- safeguard against Lua errors if mw.ext.data is not available for some reason
	else
		local tab_data_t = mw.ext.data.get ('CS1/Identifier limits.tab');		-- attempt to load the tabular data from commons into &lt;tab_data_t&gt;
		if false == tab_data_t then												-- undocumented 'feature': mw.ext.data.get() sometimes returns false
			id_limits_data_load_fail = true;									-- set the flag so that Module:Citation/CS1 can create an unannotated maint category
		else
			for _, limit_t in ipairs (tab_data_t.data) do						-- overwrite default &lt;load_fail_limit&gt; values from the data table in the tabular data
				id_limits_data_t[limit_t[1]] = limit_t[2];						-- &lt;limit[1]&gt; is identifier; &lt;limit[2]&gt; is upper limit for that identifier
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I D _ H A N D L E R S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

The following contains a list of values for various defined identifiers.  For each
identifier we specify a variety of information necessary to properly render the
identifier in the citation.

	parameters: a list of parameter aliases for this identifier; first in the list is the canonical form
	link: Wikipedia article name
	redirect: a local redirect to a local Wikipedia article name;  at en.wiki, 'ISBN (identifier)' is a redirect to 'International Standard Book Number'
	q: Wikidata q number for the identifier
	label: the label preceding the identifier; label is linked to a Wikipedia article (in this order):
		redirect from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].redirect when use_identifier_redirects is true
		Wikidata-supplied article name for the local wiki from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].q
		local article name from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].link
	prefix: the first part of a URL that will be concatenated with a second part which usually contains the identifier
	suffix: optional third part to be added after the identifier
	encode: true if URI should be percent-encoded; otherwise false
	COinS: identifier link or keyword for use in COinS:
		for identifiers registered at info-uri.info use: info:.... where '...' is the appropriate identifier label 
		for identifiers that have COinS keywords, use the keyword: rft.isbn, rft.issn, rft.eissn
		for |asin= and |ol=, which require assembly, use the keyword: url
		for others make a URL using the value in prefix/suffix and #label, use the keyword: pre (not checked; any text other than 'info', 'rft', or 'url' works here)
		set to nil to leave the identifier out of the COinS
	separator: character or text between label and the identifier in the rendered citation
	id_limit: for those identifiers with established limits, this property holds the upper limit
	access: use this parameter to set the access level for all instances of this identifier.
		the value must be a valid access level for an identifier (see ['id-access'] in this file).
	custom_access: to enable custom access level for an identifier, set this parameter
		to the parameter that should control it (normally 'id-access')
		
]]

local id_handlers = {
	['ARXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'arxiv', 'eprint'},
		link = 'arXiv',
		redirect = 'arXiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q118398',
		label = 'arXiv',
		prefix = 'https://arxiv.org/abs/',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:arxiv',
		separator = ':',
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['ASIN'] = {
		parameters = { 'asin', 'ASIN' },
		link = 'Amazon Standard Identification Number',
		redirect = 'ASIN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1753278',
		label = 'ASIN',
		prefix = 'https://www.amazon.',
		COinS = 'url',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = false;
		},
	['BIBCODE'] = {
		parameters = {'bibcode'},
		link = 'Bibcode',
		redirect = 'Bibcode (identifier)',
		q = 'Q25754',
		label = 'Bibcode',
		prefix = 'https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:bibcode',
		separator = ':',
		custom_access = 'bibcode-access',
		},
	['BIORXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'biorxiv'},
		link = 'bioRxiv',
		redirect = 'bioRxiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q19835482',
		label = 'bioRxiv',
		prefix = 'https://doi.org/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['CITESEERX'] = {
		parameters = {'citeseerx'},
		link = 'CiteSeerX',
		redirect = 'CiteSeerX (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2715061',
		label = 'CiteSeerX',
		prefix = 'https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=',
		COinS =  'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['DOI'] = {																	-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
		parameters = { 'doi', 'DOI'},
		link = 'Digital object identifier',
		redirect = 'doi (identifier)',
		q = 'Q25670',
		label = 'doi',
		prefix = 'https://doi.org/',
		COinS = 'info:doi',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'doi-access',
		},
	['EISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'eissn', 'EISSN'},
		link = 'International Standard Serial Number#Electronic ISSN',
		redirect = 'eISSN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q46339674',
		label = 'eISSN',
		prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.eissn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['HDL'] = {
		parameters = { 'hdl', 'HDL' },
		link = 'Handle System',
		redirect = 'hdl (identifier)',
		q = 'Q3126718',
		label = 'hdl',
		prefix = 'https://hdl.handle.net/',
		COinS = 'info:hdl',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'hdl-access',
		},
	['ISBN'] = {																-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
		parameters = {'isbn', 'ISBN'},
		link = 'International Standard Book Number',
		redirect = 'ISBN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q33057',
		label = 'ISBN',
		prefix = 'Special:BookSources/',
		COinS = 'rft.isbn',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ISMN'] = {
		parameters = {'ismn', 'ISMN'},
		link = 'International Standard Music Number',
		redirect = 'ISMN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1666938',
		label = 'ISMN',
		prefix = '',															-- not currently used;
		COinS = nil,															-- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info:
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'issn', 'ISSN'},
		link = 'International Standard Serial Number',
		redirect = 'ISSN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q131276',
		label = 'ISSN',
		prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.issn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['JFM'] = {
		parameters = {'jfm', 'JFM'},
		link = 'Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik',
		redirect = 'JFM (identifier)',
		q = '',
		label = 'JFM',
		prefix = 'https://zbmath.org/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['JSTOR'] = {
		parameters = {'jstor', 'JSTOR'},
		link = 'JSTOR',
		redirect = 'JSTOR (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1420342',
		label = 'JSTOR',
		prefix = 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		custom_access = 'jstor-access',
		},
	['LCCN'] = {
		parameters = {'lccn', 'LCCN'},
		link = 'Library of Congress Control Number',
		redirect = 'LCCN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q620946',
		label = 'LCCN',
		prefix = 'https://lccn.loc.gov/',
		COinS = 'info:lccn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['MEDRXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'medrxiv'},
		link = 'medRxiv',
		redirect = 'medRxiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q58465838',
		label = 'medRxiv',
		prefix = 'https://www.medrxiv.org/content/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['MR'] = {
		parameters = {'mr', 'MR'},
		link = 'Mathematical Reviews',
		redirect = 'MR (identifier)',
		q = 'Q211172',
		label = 'MR',
		prefix = 'https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['OCLC'] = {
		parameters = {'oclc', 'OCLC'},
		link = 'OCLC',
		redirect = 'OCLC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q190593',
		label = 'OCLC',
		prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/',
		COinS = 'info:oclcnum',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.OCLC or 0,
		},
	['OL'] = {
		parameters = { 'ol', 'OL' },
		link = 'Open Library',
		redirect = 'OL (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1201876',
		label = 'OL',
		prefix = 'https://openlibrary.org/',
		COinS = 'url',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'ol-access',
		},
	['OSTI'] = {
		parameters = {'osti', 'OSTI'},
		link = 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information',
		redirect = 'OSTI (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2015776',
		label = 'OSTI',
		prefix = 'https://www.osti.gov/biblio/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.OSTI or 0,
		custom_access = 'osti-access',
		},
	['PMC'] = {
		parameters = {'pmc', 'PMC'},
		link = 'PubMed Central',
		redirect = 'PMC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q229883',
		label = 'PMC',
		prefix = 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC',
		suffix = '',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.PMC or 0,
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['PMID'] = {
		parameters = {'pmid', 'PMID'},
		link = 'PubMed Identifier',
		redirect = 'PMID (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2082879',
		label = 'PMID',
		prefix = 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/',
		COinS = 'info:pmid',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.PMID or 0,
		},
	['RFC'] = {
		parameters = {'rfc', 'RFC'},
		link = 'Request for Comments',
		redirect = 'RFC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q212971',
		label = 'RFC',
		prefix = 'https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.RFC or 0,
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['SBN'] = {
		parameters = {'sbn', 'SBN'},
		link = 'Standard Book Number',											-- redirect to International_Standard_Book_Number#History
		redirect = 'SBN (identifier)',
		label = 'SBN',
		prefix = 'Special:BookSources/0-',										-- prefix has leading zero necessary to make 9-digit sbn a 10-digit isbn
		COinS = nil,															-- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info:
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['SSRN'] = {
		parameters = {'ssrn', 'SSRN'},
		link = 'Social Science Research Network',
		redirect = 'SSRN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q7550801',
		label = 'SSRN',
		prefix = 'https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.SSRN or 0,
		custom_access = 'ssrn-access',
		},
	['S2CID'] = {
		parameters = {'s2cid', 'S2CID'},
		link = 'Semantic Scholar',
		redirect = 'S2CID (identifier)',
		q = 'Q22908627',
		label = 'S2CID',
		prefix = 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.S2CID or 0,
		custom_access = 's2cid-access',
		},
	['USENETID'] = {
		parameters = {'message-id'},
		link = 'Usenet',
		redirect = 'Usenet (identifier)',
		q = 'Q193162',
		label = 'Usenet:',
		prefix = 'news:',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ZBL'] = {
		parameters = {'zbl', 'ZBL' },
		link = 'Zentralblatt MATH',
		redirect = 'Zbl (identifier)',
		q = 'Q190269',
		label = 'Zbl',
		prefix = 'https://zbmath.org/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;---------------------------------
]]

return 	{
	use_identifier_redirects = use_identifier_redirects,						-- booleans defined in the settings at the top of this module
	local_lang_cat_enable = local_lang_cat_enable,
	date_name_auto_xlate_enable = date_name_auto_xlate_enable,
	date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = date_digit_auto_xlate_enable,
	enable_sort_keys = enable_sort_keys,
	suppress_archive_today_urls = suppress_archive_today_urls,
	
																				-- tables and variables created when this module is loaded
	dependencies_t = dependencies_t,											-- used to suppress parameters dependent on url-holding parameters holding archive.today urls
	enum_needs_xlation = '1' ~= date_names.xlate_digits['1'],					-- to avoid unnecessary enumerator translation
	global_df = get_date_format (),												-- this line can be replaced with &quot;global_df = 'dmy-all',&quot; to have all dates auto translated to dmy format.
	global_cs1_config_t = global_cs1_config_t,									-- global settings from {{cs1 config}}
	id_limits_data_load_fail = id_limits_data_load_fail,						-- true when commons tabular identifier-limit data fails to load
	known_free_doi_registrants_t = build_free_doi_registrants_table(),
	punct_skip = build_skip_table (punct_skip, punct_meta_params),
	url_skip = build_skip_table (url_skip, url_meta_params),

	archive_today_tlds_t = {['today'] = true, ['ph'] = true, ['is'] = true, ['md'] = true, ['li'] = true, ['fo'] = true, ['vn'] = true};	-- used by is_archive_today_url()
	name_space_sort_keys = name_space_sort_keys,
	aliases = aliases,
	special_case_translation = special_case_translation,
	date_names = date_names,
	err_msg_supl = err_msg_supl,
	error_conditions = error_conditions,
	et_al_patterns = et_al_patterns,
	extended_registrants_t = extended_registrants_t,
	id_handlers = id_handlers,
	keywords_lists = keywords_lists,
	keywords_xlate = keywords_xlate,
	stripmarkers = stripmarkers,
	invisible_chars = invisible_chars,
	invisible_defs = invisible_defs,
	indic_script = indic_script,
	emoji_t = emoji_t,
	messages = messages,
	presentation = presentation,
	prop_cats = prop_cats,
	script_lang_codes = script_lang_codes,
	lang_tag_remap = lang_tag_remap,
	lang_name_remap = lang_name_remap,
	this_wiki_code = this_wiki_code,
	title_types = title_types,
	uncategorized_namespaces = uncategorized_namespaces_t,
	uncategorized_subpages = uncategorized_subpages,
	templates_using_volume = templates_using_volume,
	templates_using_issue = templates_using_issue,
	templates_not_using_page = templates_not_using_page,
	vol_iss_pg_patterns = vol_iss_pg_patterns,
	single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t = single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t,
	url_access_map_t = url_access_map_t,
	
	inter_wiki_map = inter_wiki_map,
	mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw_languages_by_tag_t,
	mw_languages_by_name_t = mw_languages_by_name_t,
	citation_class_map_t = citation_class_map_t,

	citation_issue_t = citation_issue_t,
	citation_no_volume_t = citation_no_volume_t,
	}</text>
      <sha1>e7w2jpc8m3hf485c54y7d0wmq4zi17p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>40687</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339256</id>
      <parentid>258897</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:56:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Trappist the monk</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>synch from sandbox;</comment>
      <origin>339256</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="67945" sha1="t2d5ocm3ym8yza0dgkl1tstgc2yr6dq" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local add_prop_cat, is_set, in_array, set_message, substitute, wrap_style;		-- imported functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
local cfg;																		-- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; F I L E - S C O P E   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------

File-scope variables are declared here

]]

local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage();										-- used by is_valid_accessdate(), is_valid_year(), date_name_xlate();
local year_limit;																-- used by is_valid_year()


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ A C C E S S D A T E &gt;----------------------------------------

returns true if:
	Wikipedia start date &lt;= accessdate &lt; today + 2 days

Wikipedia start date is 2001-01-15T00:00:00 UTC which is 979516800 seconds after 1970-01-01T00:00:00 UTC (the start of Unix time)
accessdate is the date provided in |access-date= at time 00:00:00 UTC
today is the current date at time 00:00:00 UTC plus 48 hours
	if today is 2015-01-01T00:00:00 then
		adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-02T00:00:00 – one second more than today
		adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-03T00:00:00 – one second more than tomorrow

This function does not work if it is fed month names for languages other than English.  Wikimedia #time: parser
apparently doesn't understand non-English date month names. This function will always return false when the date
contains a non-English month name because good1 is false after the call to lang.formatDate().  To get around that
call this function with YYYY-MM-DD format dates.

]=]

local function is_valid_accessdate (accessdate)
	local good1, good2;
	local access_ts, tomorrow_ts;												-- to hold Unix time stamps representing the dates

	good1, access_ts = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'U', accessdate );			-- convert accessdate value to Unix timestamp 
	good2, tomorrow_ts = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'U', 'today + 2 days' );	-- today midnight + 2 days is one second more than all day tomorrow
	
	if good1 and good2 then														-- lang.formatDate() returns a timestamp in the local script which which tonumber() may not understand
		access_ts = tonumber (access_ts) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (access_ts);		-- convert to numbers for the comparison;
		tomorrow_ts = tonumber (tomorrow_ts) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (tomorrow_ts);
	else
		return false;															-- one or both failed to convert to Unix time stamp
	end

	if 979516800 &lt;= access_ts and access_ts &lt; tomorrow_ts then					-- Wikipedia start date &lt;= accessdate &lt; tomorrow's date
		return true;
	else
		return false;															-- accessdate out of range
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ M O N T H _ N U M B E R &gt;----------------------------------------------

returns a number according to the month in a date: 1 for January, etc.  Capitalization and spelling must be correct.
If not a valid month, returns 0

]]

local function get_month_number (month)
	return cfg.date_names['local'].long[month] or cfg.date_names['local'].short[month] or	-- look for local names first
			cfg.date_names['en'].long[month] or	cfg.date_names['en'].short[month] or		-- failing that, look for English names
			0;																				-- not a recognized month name
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ S E A S O N _ N U M B E R &gt;--------------------------------------------

returns a number according to the sequence of seasons in a year: 21 for Spring, etc.  Capitalization and spelling
must be correct. If not a valid season, returns 0.
	21-24 = Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, independent of “Hemisphere”

returns 0 when &lt;param&gt; is not |date=

Season numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)
which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019.  See '§Sub-year groupings'.  The standard defines various divisions using
numbers 21-41.  cs1|2 only supports generic seasons.  EDTF does support the distinction between north and south
hemisphere seasons but cs1|2 has no way to make that distinction.

These additional divisions not currently supported:
	25-28 = Spring - Northern Hemisphere, Summer- Northern Hemisphere, Autumn - Northern Hemisphere, Winter - Northern Hemisphere
	29-32 = Spring – Southern Hemisphere, Summer– Southern Hemisphere, Autumn – Southern Hemisphere, Winter - Southern Hemisphere
	33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each)
	37-39 = Quadrimester 1, Quadrimester 2, Quadrimester 3 (4 months each)
	40-41 = Semestral 1, Semestral-2 (6 months each)

]]

local function get_season_number (season, param)
	if 'date' ~= param then
		return 0;																-- season dates only supported by |date=
	end
	return cfg.date_names['local'].season[season] or							-- look for local names first
			cfg.date_names['en'].season[season] or								-- failing that, look for English names
			0;																	-- not a recognized season name
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ Q U A R T E R _ N U M B E R &gt;------------------------------------------

returns a number according to the sequence of quarters in a year: 33 for first quarter, etc.  Capitalization and spelling
must be correct. If not a valid quarter, returns 0.
	33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each)

returns 0 when &lt;param&gt; is not |date=

Quarter numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)
which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019.  See '§Sub-year groupings'.  The standard defines various divisions using
numbers 21-41.  cs1|2 only supports generic seasons and quarters.

These additional divisions not currently supported:
	37-39 = Quadrimester 1, Quadrimester 2, Quadrimester 3 (4 months each)
	40-41 = Semestral 1, Semestral-2 (6 months each)

]]

local function get_quarter_number (quarter, param)
	if 'date' ~= param then
		return 0;																-- quarter dates only supported by |date=
	end
	quarter = mw.ustring.gsub (quarter, ' +', ' ');								-- special case replace multiple space chars with a single space char
	return cfg.date_names['local'].quarter[quarter] or							-- look for local names first
			cfg.date_names['en'].quarter[quarter] or							-- failing that, look for English names
			0;																	-- not a recognized quarter name
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ P R O P E R _ N A M E _ N U M B E R &gt;----------------------------------

returns a non-zero number if date contains a recognized proper-name.  Capitalization and spelling must be correct.

returns 0 when &lt;param&gt; is not |date=

]]

local function get_proper_name_number (name, param)
	if 'date' ~= param then
		return 0;																-- proper-name dates only supported by |date=
	end
	return cfg.date_names['local'].named[name] or								-- look for local names dates first
			cfg.date_names['en'].named[name] or									-- failing that, look for English names
			0;																	-- not a recognized named date
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ E L E M E N T _ N U M B E R &lt;------------------------------------------

returns true if month or season or quarter or proper name is valid (properly spelled, capitalized, abbreviated)

]]

local function get_element_number (element, param)
	local num;
	
	local funcs = {get_month_number, get_season_number, get_quarter_number, get_proper_name_number};	-- list of functions to execute in order
	
	for _, func in ipairs (funcs) do											-- spin through the function list
		num = func (element, param);											-- call the function and get the returned number
		if 0 ~= num then														-- non-zero when valid month season quarter 
			return num;															-- return that number
		end
	end
	return nil;																	-- not valid
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ Y E A R &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Function gets current year from the server and compares it to year from a citation parameter.  Years more than one
year in the future are not acceptable.

Special case for |pmc-embargo-date=: years more than two years in the future are not acceptable

]]

local function is_valid_year (year, param)
	if not is_set (year_limit) then
		year_limit = tonumber(os.date(&quot;%Y&quot;))+1;									-- global variable so we only have to fetch it once
	end

	year = tonumber (year) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (year);			-- convert to number for the comparison
	if year and (100 &gt; year) then												-- years less than 100 not supported
		return false;
	end
	
	if 'pmc-embargo-date' == param then											-- special case for |pmc-embargo-date=
		return year and (year &lt;= tonumber(os.date(&quot;%Y&quot;))+2) or false;			-- years more than two years in the future are not accepted
	end	
	return year and (year &lt;= year_limit) or false;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ D A T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Returns true if day is less than or equal to the number of days in month and year is no farther into the future
than next year; else returns false.

Assumes Julian calendar prior to year 1582 and Gregorian calendar thereafter. Accounts for Julian calendar leap
years before 1582 and Gregorian leap years after 1582. Where the two calendars overlap (1582 to approximately
1923) dates are assumed to be Gregorian.

]]

local function is_valid_date (year, month, day, param)
local days_in_month = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
local month_length;
	if not is_valid_year (year, param) then										-- no farther into the future than next year except |pmc-embargo-date= no more than two years in the future
		return false;
	end
	
	month = tonumber (month);													-- required for YYYY-MM-DD dates
	
	if (2 == month) then														-- if February
		month_length = 28;														-- then 28 days unless
		if 1582 &gt; tonumber(year) then											-- Julian calendar
			if 0 == (year%4) then												-- is a leap year?
				month_length = 29;												-- if leap year then 29 days in February
			end
		else																	-- Gregorian calendar
			if (0 == (year%4) and (0 ~= (year%100) or 0 == (year%400))) then	-- is a leap year?
				month_length = 29;												-- if leap year then 29 days in February
			end
		end
	else
		month_length = days_in_month[month] or 0;								-- invalid month number is nil so default &lt;month_length&gt; to 0
	end

	if tonumber (day) &gt; month_length then
		return false;
	end
	return true;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ M O N T H _ R A N G E _ S T Y L E &gt;--------------------------

Months in a range are expected to have the same style: Jan–Mar or October–December but not February–Mar or Jul–August. 
This function looks in cfg.date_names{} to see if both month names are listed in the long subtable or both are
listed in the short subtable.  When both have the same style (both are listed in the same table), returns true; false else

]]

local function is_valid_month_range_style (month1, month2)
	if (cfg.date_names.en.long[month1] and cfg.date_names.en.long[month2]) or					-- are both English names listed in the long subtable?
		(cfg.date_names.en.short[month1] and cfg.date_names.en.short[month2]) or				-- are both English names listed in the short subtable?
		(cfg.date_names['local'].long[month1] and cfg.date_names['local'].long[month2]) or		-- are both local names listed in the long subtable?
		(cfg.date_names['local'].short[month1] and cfg.date_names['local'].short[month2]) then	-- are both local names listed in the short subtable?
			return true;
	end
	return false;																-- names are mixed
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ M O N T H _ S E A S O N _ R A N G E &gt;------------------------

Check a pair of months or seasons to see if both are valid members of a month or season pair.

Month pairs are expected to be left to right, earliest to latest in time.

All season ranges are accepted as valid because there are publishers out there who have published a Summer–Spring YYYY issue, hence treat as ok

]]

local function is_valid_month_season_range(range_start, range_end, param)
	local range_start_number = get_month_number (range_start);
	local range_end_number;

	if 0 == range_start_number then												-- is this a month range?
		range_start_number = get_season_number (range_start, param);			-- not a month; is it a season? get start season number
		range_end_number = get_season_number (range_end, param);				-- get end season number

		if (0 ~= range_start_number) and (0 ~= range_end_number) and (range_start_number ~= range_end_number) then
			return true;														-- any season pairing is accepted except when both are the same
		end
		return false;															-- range_start and/or range_end is not a season
	end
																				-- here when range_start is a month
	range_end_number = get_month_number (range_end);							-- get end month number
	if range_start_number &lt; range_end_number and								-- range_start is a month; does range_start precede range_end?
		is_valid_month_range_style (range_start, range_end) then				-- do months have the same style?
			return true;														-- proper order and same style
	end
	return false;																-- range_start month number is greater than or equal to range end number; or range end isn't a month
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ C O I N S _ D A T E &gt;------------------------------------------------

This function receives a table of date parts for one or two dates and an empty table reference declared in
Module:Citation/CS1.  The function is called only for |date= parameters and only if the |date=&lt;value&gt; is 
determined to be a valid date format.  The question of what to do with invalid date formats is not answered here.

The date parts in the input table are converted to an ISO 8601 conforming date string:
	single whole dates:		yyyy-mm-dd
	month and year dates:	yyyy-mm
	year dates:				yyyy
	ranges:					yyyy-mm-dd/yyyy-mm-dd
							yyyy-mm/yyyy-mm
							yyyy/yyyy

Dates in the Julian calendar are reduced to year or year/year so that we don't have to do calendar conversion from
Julian to Proleptic Gregorian.

The input table has:
	year, year2 – always present; if before 1582, ignore months and days if present
	month, month2 – 0 if not provided, 1-12 for months, 21-24 for seasons; 99 Christmas
	day, day2 –  0 if not provided, 1-31 for days
	
the output table receives:
	rftdate:	an ISO 8601 formatted date
	rftchron:	a free-form version of the date, usually without year which is in rftdate (season ranges and proper-name dates)
	rftssn:		one of four season keywords: winter, spring, summer, fall (lowercase)
	rftquarter:	one of four values: 1, 2, 3, 4

]]

local function make_COinS_date (input, COinS_date_t)
	local date;																	-- one date or first date in a range
	local date2 = '';															-- end of range date
	input.year = tonumber (input.year) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (input.year);	-- language-aware tonumber()
	input.year2 = tonumber (input.year2) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (input.year2);	-- COinS dates are pseudo-ISO 8601 so convert to Arabic numerals

	if ((1582 == input.year) and (10 &gt; tonumber(input.month))) or (1582 &gt; input.year) then	-- if a Julian calendar date
		COinS_date_t.rftdate = tostring (input.year);							-- &amp;rft.date gets year only
		return;																	-- done
	end
																				-- here for all forms of Gregorian dates
	if 20 &lt; tonumber (input.month) then											-- if season, quarter, or proper-name date
		date = input.year;														-- &amp;rft.date gets year only
		if 0 ~= input.year2 and input.year ~= input.year2 then					-- if a range, only the second year portion when not the same as range start year
			date = string.format ('%.4d/%.4d', input.year, input.year2)			-- assemble the date range
		end

		local season = {[24] = 'winter', [21] = 'spring', [22] = 'summer', [23] = 'fall', [33] = '1', [34] = '2', [35] = '3', [36] = '4', [98] = 'Easter', [99] = 'Christmas'};	-- seasons lowercase, no autumn; proper-names use title case
		if 0 == input.month2 then												-- single season, quarter, or proper-name date
			if 40 &lt; tonumber(input.month) then
				COinS_date_t.rftchron = season[input.month];						-- proper-name date; used in journal metadata only
			elseif 30 &lt; tonumber(input.month) then
				COinS_date_t.rftquarter = season[input.month];					-- quarter date; used in journal metadata only
			else
				COinS_date_t.rftssn = season[input.month];						-- season date; used in journal metadata only
			end
		else																	-- season ranges are lumped into &amp;rft.chron; &amp;rft.ssn and &amp;rft.quarter are left blank
			if input.year ~= input.year2 then									-- season year – season year range or season year–year
				if 0 ~= input.month2 then
					COinS_date_t.rftchron = string.format ('%s %s – %s %s', season[input.month], input.year, season[input.month2], input.year2);	-- used in journal metadata only
				end
			else																-- season–season year range
				COinS_date_t.rftchron = season[input.month] .. '–' .. season[input.month2];	-- season–season year range; used in journal metadata only
			end
		end

		COinS_date_t.rftdate = tostring (date);
		return;																	-- done
	end
																				-- here for gregorian calendar dates
	if 0 ~= input.day then
		date = string.format ('%s-%.2d-%.2d', input.year, tonumber(input.month), tonumber(input.day));	-- whole date
	elseif 0 ~= input.month then
		date = string.format ('%s-%.2d', input.year, tonumber(input.month));	-- year and month
	else
		date = string.format ('%s', input.year);								-- just year
	end

	if 0 ~= input.year2 then
		if 0 ~= input.day2 then
			date2 = string.format ('/%s-%.2d-%.2d', input.year2, tonumber(input.month2), tonumber(input.day2));		-- whole date
		elseif 0 ~= input.month2 then
			date2 = string.format ('/%s-%.2d', input.year2, tonumber(input.month2));	-- year and month
		else
			date2 = string.format ('/%s', input.year2);							-- just year
		end
	end
	
	COinS_date_t.rftdate = date .. date2;										-- date2 has the '/' separator
	return;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A T T E R N S _ T &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

this is the list of patterns for date formats that this module recognizes.  Approximately the first half of these
patterns represent formats that might be reformatted into another format.  Those that might be reformatted have
'indicator' letters that identify the content of the matching capture: 'd' (day), 'm' (month), 'a' (anchor year),
'y' (year); second day, month, year have a '2' suffix.

These patterns are used for both date validation and for reformatting.  This table should not be moved to ~/Configuration
because changes to this table require changes to check_date() and to reformatter() and reformat_date()

]]

local patterns_t = {
	 																			-- year-initial numerical year-month-day
	['ymd'] = {'^([1-9]%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'},					
																				-- month-initial: month day, year
	['Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'd', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash
	['Md-dy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?)[%-–]([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- day-initial: day month year
	['dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'm', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- year-initial: year month day; day: 1 or 2 two digits, leading zero allowed; not supported at en.wiki
	--	['yMd'] = {'^(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?) +(%D-) +(%d%d?)$', 'a', 'y', 'm', 'd'},
																				-- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash
	['d-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?)[%-–]([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash
	['dM-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +[%-–] +([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year;  uses spaced endash
	['Md-Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$','m', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash
	['dMy-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +([1-9]%d%d%d?) +[%-–] +([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'a', 'y2'},
																				-- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year;  uses spaced endash
	['Mdy-Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +([1-9]%d%d%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'a', 'y2'},

																				-- these date formats cannot be converted, per se, but month name can be rendered short or long
																				-- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash
	['My-My'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d%d%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'y', 'm2', 'a', 'y2'},
																				-- month/season range year; months separated by endash
	['M-My'] = {'^(%D-)[%-–](%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'm2', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- month/season year or proper-name year; quarter year when First Quarter YYYY etc.
	['My'] = {'^([^%d–]-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'a', 'y'},					-- this way because endash is a member of %D; %D- will match January–March 2019 when it shouldn't

																				-- these date formats cannot be converted
	['Sy4-y2'] = {'^(%D-) +(([1-9]%d)%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d)%l?)$'},						-- special case Winter/Summer year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash
	['Sy-y'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d%d%d?)[%-–](([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$'},					-- special case Winter/Summer year-year; year separated with unspaced endash
	['y-y'] = {'^([1-9]%d%d%d?)[%-–](([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$'},							-- year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999
	['y4-y2'] = {'^(([1-9]%d)%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d)%l?)$'},								-- year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash
	['y'] = {'^(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$'},												-- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY
	
																				-- these date formats cannot be converted
	['n.d.'] = {'^((n%.d%.)%l?)$'},													-- no date with dots
	['nd'] = {'^((nd)%l?)$'},														-- no date
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ E M B A R G O _ D A T E &gt;------------------------------------

returns true and date value if that value has proper dmy, mdy, ymd format.

returns false and 9999 (embargoed forever) when date value is not proper format; assumes that when |pmc-embargo-date= is
set, the editor intended to embargo a PMC but |pmc-embargo-date= does not hold a single date.

]]

local function is_valid_embargo_date (v)
	if v:match (patterns_t['ymd'][1]) or										-- ymd
		v:match (patterns_t['Mdy'][1]) or										-- dmy
		v:match (patterns_t['dMy'][1]) then										-- mdy
			return true, v;
	end
	return false, '9999';														-- if here not good date so return false and set embargo date to long time in future
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ D A T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Check date format to see that it is one of the formats approved by WP:DATESNO or WP:DATERANGE. Exception: only
allowed range separator is endash.  Additionally, check the date to see that it is a real date: no 31 in 30-day
months; no 29 February when not a leap year.  Months, both long-form and three character abbreviations, and seasons
must be spelled correctly.  Future years beyond next year are not allowed.

If the date fails the format tests, this function returns false and does not return values for anchor_year and
COinS_date.  When this happens, the date parameter is (DEBUG: not?) used in the COinS metadata and the CITEREF identifier gets
its year from the year parameter if present otherwise CITEREF does not get a date value.

Inputs:
	date_string - date string from date-holding parameters (date, year, publication-date, access-date, pmc-embargo-date, archive-date, lay-date)

Returns:
	false if date string is not a real date; else
	true, anchor_year, COinS_date
		anchor_year can be used in CITEREF anchors
		COinS_date is ISO 8601 format date; see make_COInS_date()

]]

local function check_date (date_string, param, COinS_date_t)
	local year;																	-- assume that year2, months, and days are not used;
	local year2 = 0;															-- second year in a year range
	local month = 0;
	local month2 = 0;															-- second month in a month range
	local day = 0;
	local day2 = 0;																-- second day in a day range
	local anchor_year;
--	local coins_date;

	if date_string:match (patterns_t['ymd'][1]) then							-- year-initial numerical year month day format
		year, month, day = date_string:match (patterns_t['ymd'][1]);
		if 12 &lt; tonumber(month) or 1 &gt; tonumber(month) or 1582 &gt; tonumber(year) or 0 == tonumber(day) then return false; end	-- month or day number not valid or not Gregorian calendar
		anchor_year = year;
	
	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy'][1]) then				-- month-initial: month day, year
		month, day, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy'][1]);
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
				
	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-dy'][1]) then			-- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash
		month, day, day2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-dy'][1]);
		if tonumber(day) &gt;= tonumber(day2) then return false; end				-- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same;
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
		month2=month;															-- for metadata
		year2 = year;

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy'][1]) then				-- day-initial: day month year
		day, month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy'][1]);
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months

--[[ NOT supported at en.wiki
	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['yMd'][1]) then				-- year-initial: year month day; day: 1 or 2 two digits, leading zero allowed
		anchor_year, year, month, day = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['yMd'][1]);
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
-- end NOT supported at en.wiki ]]

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['d-dMy'][1]) then			-- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash
		day, day2, month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['d-dMy'][1]);
		if tonumber(day) &gt;= tonumber(day2) then return false; end				-- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same;
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
		month2 = month;															-- for metadata
		year2 = year;

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dM-dMy'][1]) then			-- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash
		day, month, day2, month2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dM-dMy'][1]);
		if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end	-- date range order is left to right: earlier to later;
		month = get_month_number (month);										-- for metadata
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);
		year2 = year;

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-Mdy'][1]) then			-- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year; uses spaced endash
		month, day, month2, day2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-Mdy'][1]);
		if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2, param)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end
		month = get_month_number (month);										-- for metadata
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);
		year2 = year;

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy-dMy'][1]) then			-- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash
		day, month, year, day2, month2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy-dMy'][1]);
		if tonumber(year2) &lt;= tonumber(year) then return false; end				-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) or not is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then return false; end		-- year2 no more than one year in the future; months same style
		month = get_month_number (month);										-- for metadata
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);
		if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end						-- both must be valid

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy-Mdy'][1]) then			-- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year; uses spaced endash
		month, day, year, month2, day2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy-Mdy'][1]);
		if tonumber(year2) &lt;= tonumber(year) then return false; end				-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) or not is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then return false; end		-- year2 no more than one year in the future; months same style
		month = get_month_number (month);										-- for metadata
		month2 = get_month_number(month2);
		if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end						-- both must be valid

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy4-y2'][1]) then			-- special case Winter/Summer year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash
		local century;
		month, year, century, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy4-y2'][1]);
		if 'Winter' ~= month and 'Summer' ~= month then return false end;		-- 'month' can only be Winter or Summer
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor_year from both years
		year2 = century..year2;													-- add the century to year2 for comparisons
		if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end			-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year
		month = get_season_number(month, param);

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy-y'][1]) then			-- special case Winter/Summer year-year; year separated with unspaced endash
		month, year, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy-y'][1]);
		month = get_season_number (month, param);								-- &lt;month&gt; can only be winter or summer; also for metadata
		if (month ~= cfg.date_names['en'].season['Winter']) and (month ~= cfg.date_names['en'].season['Summer']) then
			return false;														-- not Summer or Winter; abandon
		end
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor_year from both years
		if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end			-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My-My'][1]) then			-- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash
		month, year, month2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My-My'][1]);
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor_year from both years
		if tonumber(year) &gt;= tonumber(year2) then return false; end				-- left to right, earlier to later, not the same
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year
		if 0 ~= get_month_number(month) and 0 ~= get_month_number(month2) and is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then 	-- both must be month year, same month style
			month = get_month_number(month);
			month2 = get_month_number(month2);
		elseif 0 ~= get_season_number(month, param) and 0 ~= get_season_number(month2, param) then	-- both must be season year, not mixed
			month = get_season_number(month, param);
			month2 = get_season_number(month2, param);
		else
			 return false;
		end

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['M-My'][1]) then			-- month/season range year; months separated by endash 
		month, month2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['M-My'][1]);
		if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2, param)) or (not is_valid_year(year)) then return false; end
		if 0 ~= get_month_number(month) then									-- determined to be a valid range so just check this one to know if month or season
			month = get_month_number(month);
			month2 = get_month_number(month2);
			if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end
		else
			month = get_season_number(month, param);
			month2 = get_season_number(month2, param);
		end
		year2 = year;
		
	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My'][1]) then				-- month/season/quarter/proper-name year
		month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My'][1]);
		if not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end
		month = get_element_number(month, param);								-- get month season quarter proper-name number or nil
		if not month then return false; end										-- not valid whatever it is

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y-y'][1]) then				-- Year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999
		year, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y-y'][1]);
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor year from both years
		if tonumber(year) &gt;= tonumber(year2) then return false; end				-- left to right, earlier to later, not the same
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y4-y2'][1]) then			-- Year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash
		local century;
		year, century, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y4-y2'][1]);
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor year from both years

		if 13 &gt; tonumber(year2) then return false; end							-- don't allow 2003-05 which might be May 2003
		year2 = century .. year2;												-- add the century to year2 for comparisons
		if tonumber(year) &gt;= tonumber(year2) then return false; end				-- left to right, earlier to later, not the same
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year

		if in_array (param, {'date', 'publication-date', 'year'}) then			-- here when 'valid' abbreviated year range; if one of these parameters
			add_prop_cat ('year-range-abbreviated');							-- add properties cat
		end

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y'][1]) then				-- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY
		anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y'][1]);
		if false == is_valid_year(year) then
			return false;
		end

	else
		return false;															-- date format not one of the MOS:DATE approved formats
	end

	if param ~= 'date' then														-- CITEREF disambiguation only allowed in |date=; |year= &amp; |publication-date= promote to date
		if anchor_year:match ('%l$') then
			return false;
		end
	end

	if 'access-date' == param then												-- test access-date here because we have numerical date parts
		if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 							-- all parts of a single date required
			0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then						-- none of these; access-date must not be a range
				if not is_valid_accessdate(year .. '-' .. month .. '-' .. day) then	
					return false;												-- return false when access-date out of bounds
				end
		else
			return false;														-- return false when access-date is a range of two dates
		end
	end

	if 'archive-date' == param then												-- test archive-date here because we have numerical date parts
		if not (0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and						-- all parts of a single date required
			0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2) then						-- none of these; archive-date must not be a range
				return false;													-- return false when archive-date is a range of two dates
		end
	end

	local result=true;															-- check whole dates for validity; assume true because not all dates will go through this test
	if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then		-- YMD (simple whole date)
		result = is_valid_date (year, month, day, param);						-- &lt;param&gt; for |pmc-embargo-date=

	elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 ~= day2 then	-- YMD-d (day range)
		result = is_valid_date (year, month, day);
		result = result and is_valid_date (year, month, day2);

	elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then	-- YMD-md (day month range)
		result = is_valid_date (year, month, day);
		result = result and is_valid_date (year, month2, day2);

	elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 ~= year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then	-- YMD-ymd (day month year range)
		result = is_valid_date(year, month, day);
		result = result and is_valid_date(year2, month2, day2);
	end
	
	if false == result then return false; end

	if nil ~= COinS_date_t then													-- this table only passed into this function when testing |date= parameter values
		make_COinS_date ({year = year, month = month, day = day, year2 = year2, month2 = month2, day2 = day2}, COinS_date_t);	-- make an ISO 8601 date string for COinS
	end
	
	return true, anchor_year;													-- format is good and date string represents a real date
end	


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

Cycle the date-holding parameters in passed table date_parameters_list through check_date() to check compliance with MOS:DATE. For all valid dates, check_date() returns
true. The |date= parameter test is unique, it is the only date holding parameter from which values for anchor_year (used in CITEREF identifiers) and COinS_date (used in
the COinS metadata) are derived.  The |date= parameter is the only date-holding parameter that is allowed to contain the no-date keywords &quot;n.d.&quot; or &quot;nd&quot; (without quotes).

Unlike most error messages created in this module, only one error message is created by this function. Because all of the date holding parameters are processed serially,
parameters with errors are added to the &lt;error_list&gt; sequence table as the dates are tested.

]]

local function dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date_t, error_list)
	local anchor_year;															-- will return as nil if the date being tested is not |date=
	local embargo_date;															-- if embargo date is a good dmy, mdy, ymd date then holds original value else reset to 9999
	local good_date;

	for k, v in pairs(date_parameters_list) do									-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set(v.val) then													-- if the parameter has a value
			v.val = mw.ustring.gsub(v.val, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);	-- translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9
			if v.val:match(&quot;^c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?%l?$&quot;) then						-- special case for c. year or with or without CITEREF disambiguator - only |date= and |year=
				local year = v.val:match(&quot;c%. ([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?&quot;);				-- get the year portion so it can be tested
				if 'date' == k then
					anchor_year = v.val:match ('(c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?%l?)');		-- anchor year only from |date= parameter
					good_date = is_valid_year(year);
				elseif 'year' == k then
					good_date = is_valid_year(year);
				else
					good_date = false;
				end
			elseif 'date' == k then												-- if the parameter is |date=
				if v.val:match (patterns_t['n.d.'][1]) then											-- if |date=n.d. with or without a CITEREF disambiguator
					good_date, anchor_year = true, v.val:match (patterns_t['n.d.'][1]); 			-- &quot;n.d.&quot;; no error when date parameter is set to no date
				elseif v.val:match (patterns_t.nd[1]) then 											-- if |date=nd with or without a CITEREF disambiguator
					good_date, anchor_year = true, v.val:match (patterns_t.nd[1]);					-- &quot;nd&quot;;	no error when date parameter is set to no date
				else
					good_date, anchor_year = check_date (v.val, k, COinS_date_t);					-- go test the date
				end
			elseif 'year' == k then												-- if the parameter is |year= it should hold only a year value
				if v.val:match(&quot;^[1-9]%d%d%d?%l?$&quot;) then						-- if |year = 3 or 4 digits only with or without a CITEREF disambiguator
					good_date, anchor_year = true, v.val:match (&quot;((%d+)%l?)&quot;);
				else
					good_date = false;
				end
			elseif 'pmc-embargo-date' == k then									-- if the parameter is |pmc-embargo-date=
				good_date = check_date (v.val, k);								-- go test the date
				if true == good_date then										-- if the date is a valid date
					good_date, embargo_date = is_valid_embargo_date (v.val);	-- is |pmc-embargo-date= date a single dmy, mdy, or ymd formatted date? yes: returns embargo date; no: returns 9999
				end
			else																-- any other date-holding parameter
				good_date = check_date (v.val, k);								-- go test the date
			end
			if false == good_date then											-- assemble one error message so we don't add the tracking category multiple times
				table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', v.name));	-- make parameter name suitable for error message list
			end
		end
	end
	return anchor_year, embargo_date;											-- and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; Y E A R _ C H E C K &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Temporary function to test |year= for acceptable values:
	YYY, YYYY, year-only ranges, their circa forms, with or without CITEREF disambiguators.

When |year= holds some form of date that is not one of these year-only dates, emit a maintenance message.

This function necessary because many non-cs1|2 templates have a |year= parameter so cirrus searches are more-or-
less useless

]]

local function year_check (year)
	year = year:gsub ('c%. *', '');												-- remove circa annotation (if present) before testing &lt;year&gt;
	
	for _, index in ipairs ({'y-y', 'y4-y2', 'y'}) do							-- spin through these indexes into patterns_t
		if mw.ustring.match (year, patterns_t[index][1]) then
			return;																-- if a match then |year= holds a valid 'year'
		end
	end

	set_message ('maint_year');													-- if here, |year= value is not an accepted value; add a maint cat
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; Y E A R _ D A T E _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------------------------------

Compare the value provided in |year= with the year value(s) provided in |date=.  This function sets a local numeric value:
	0 - year value does not match the year value in date
	1 - (default) year value matches the year value in date or one of the year values when date contains two years
	2 - year value matches the year value in date when date is in the form YYYY-MM-DD and year is disambiguated (|year=YYYYx)

the numeric value in &lt;result&gt; determines the 'output' if any from this function:
	0 – adds error message to error_list sequence table
	1 – adds maint cat
	2 – does nothing

]]

local function year_date_check (year_string, year_origin, date_string, date_origin, error_list)
	local year;
	local date1;
	local date2;
	local result = 1;															-- result of the test; assume that the test passes

	year = year_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d?)');

	if date_string:match ('%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d') then							--special case where both date and year are required YYYY-MM-DD and YYYYx
		date1 = date_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d)');
		year = year_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d)');
		if year ~= date1 then
			result = 0;															-- years don't match
		elseif year_string:match ('%d%d%d%d%a') then
			result = 2;															-- years match; but because disambiguated, don't add to maint cat
		end
		
	elseif date_string:match (&quot;%d%d%d%d?.-%d%d%d%d?&quot;) then						-- any of the standard range formats of date with two three- or four-digit years
		date1, date2 = date_string:match (&quot;(%d%d%d%d?).-(%d%d%d%d?)&quot;);
		if year ~= date1 and year ~= date2 then
			result = 0;
		end

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, &quot;%d%d%d%d[%-–]%d%d&quot;) then				-- YYYY-YY date ranges
		local century;
		date1, century, date2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, &quot;((%d%d)%d%d)[%-–]+(%d%d)&quot;);
		date2 = century..date2;													-- convert YY to YYYY
		if year ~= date1 and year ~= date2 then
			result = 0;
		end

	elseif date_string:match (&quot;%d%d%d%d?&quot;) then									-- any of the standard formats of date with one year
		date1 = date_string:match (&quot;(%d%d%d%d?)&quot;);
		if year ~= date1 then
			result = 0;
		end
	else																		-- should never get here; this function called only when no other date errors
		result = 0;																-- no recognizable year in date
	end

	if 0 == result then															-- year / date mismatch
		table.insert (error_list, substitute (cfg.messages['mismatch'], {year_origin, date_origin}));	-- add error message to error_list sequence table
	elseif 1 == result then														-- redundant year / date
		set_message ('maint_date_year');										-- add a maint cat
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R E F O R M A T T E R &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

reformat 'date' into new format specified by format_param if pattern_idx (the current format of 'date') can be
reformatted.  Does the grunt work for reformat_dates().

The table re_formats maps pattern_idx (current format) and format_param (desired format) to a table that holds:
	format string used by string.format()
	identifier letters ('d', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2') that serve as indexes into a table t{} that holds captures
		from mw.ustring.match() for the various date parts specified by  patterns_t[pattern_idx][1]

Items in patterns_t{} have the general form:
	['ymd'] = {'^(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, where:
		['ymd'] is pattern_idx
		patterns_t['ymd'][1] is the match pattern with captures for mw.ustring.match()
		patterns_t['ymd'][2] is an indicator letter identifying the content of the first capture
		patterns_t['ymd'][3] ... the second capture etc.

when a pattern matches a date, the captures are loaded into table t{} in capture order using the idemtifier
characters as indexes into t{}  For the above, a ymd date is in t{} as:
	t.y = first capture (year), t.m = second capture (month), t.d = third capture (day)

To reformat, this function is called with the pattern_idx that matches the current format of the date and with
format_param set to the desired format.  This function loads table t{} as described and then calls string.format()
with the format string specified by re_format[pattern_idx][format_param][1] using values taken from t{} according
to the capture identifier letters specified by patterns_t[pattern_idx][format_param][n] where n is 2..

]]

local re_formats = {
	['ymd'] = {																	-- date format is ymd; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'},									-- |df=mdy
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'},									-- |df=dmy
	--		['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},								-- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki
		},
	['Mdy'] = {																	-- date format is Mdy; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'},									-- for long/short reformatting
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'},									-- |df=dmy
		['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},									-- |df=ymd
	--		['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},								-- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki
		},
	['dMy'] = {																	-- date format is dMy; reformat to:
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'},									-- for long/short reformatting
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'},									-- |df=mdy
		['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},									-- |df=ymd
	--		['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},								-- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki
		},
	['Md-dy'] = {																-- date format is Md-dy; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s–%s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'y'},						-- for long/short reformatting
		['dmy'] = {'%s–%s %s %s', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'y'},							-- |df=dmy -&gt; d-dMy 
		},
	['d-dMy'] = {																-- date format is d-d&gt;y; reformat to:
		['dmy'] = {'%s–%s %s %s', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'y'},							-- for long/short reformatting
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s–%s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'y'},						-- |df=mdy -&gt; Md-dy 
		},
	['dM-dMy'] = {																-- date format is dM-dMy; reformat to:
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'y'},				-- for long/short reformatting
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'y'},				-- |df=mdy -&gt; Md-Mdy 
		},
	['Md-Mdy'] = {																-- date format is Md-Mdy; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd',  'm2', 'd2', 'y'},			-- for long/short reformatting
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'y'},				-- |df=dmy -&gt; dM-dMy 
		},
	['dMy-dMy'] = {																-- date format is dMy-dMy; reformat to:
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2'},		-- for long/short reformatting
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'y2'},	-- |df=mdy -&gt; Mdy-Mdy 
		},
	['Mdy-Mdy'] = {																-- date format is Mdy-Mdy; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'y2'},	-- for long/short reformatting
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2'},		-- |df=dmy -&gt; dMy-dMy 
		},
	['My-My'] = {																-- these for long/short reformatting
		['any'] = {'%s %s – %s %s', 'm', 'y', 'm2', 'y2'},						-- dmy/mdy agnostic
		},
	['M-My'] = {																-- these for long/short reformatting
		['any'] = {'%s–%s %s', 'm', 'm2', 'y'},									-- dmy/mdy agnostic
		},
	['My'] = {																	-- these for long/short reformatting
		['any'] = {'%s %s', 'm', 'y'},											-- dmy/mdy agnostic
		},
	--	['yMd'] = {																-- not supported at en.wiki
	--		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'},								-- |df=mdy
	--		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'},								-- |df=dmy
	--		['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},								-- |df=ymd
	--		},
	}


local function reformatter (date, pattern_idx, format_param, mon_len)
	if not in_array (pattern_idx, {'ymd', 'Mdy', 'Md-dy', 'dMy', 'yMd', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy', 'My-My', 'M-My', 'My'}) then
		return;																	-- not in this set of date format patterns_t then not a reformattable date
	end
	
	if 'ymd' == format_param and in_array (pattern_idx, {'ymd', 'Md-dy', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy', 'My-My', 'M-My', 'My'}) then
		return;																	-- ymd date ranges not supported at en.wiki; no point in reformatting ymd to ymd
	end

	if in_array (pattern_idx, {'My', 'M-My', 'My-My'}) then						-- these are not dmy/mdy so can't be 'reformatted' into either
		format_param = 'any';													-- so format-agnostic 
	end

																				-- yMd is not supported at en.wiki; when yMd is supported at your wiki, uncomment the next line
	--	if 'yMd' == format_param and in_array (pattern_idx, {'yMd', 'Md-dy', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy'}) then	-- these formats not convertable; yMd not supported at en.wiki
	if 'yMd' == format_param then												-- yMd not supported at en.wiki; when yMd is supported at your wiki, remove or comment-out this line
		return;																	-- not a reformattable date
	end
	
	local c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7;											-- these hold the captures specified in patterns_t[pattern_idx][1]
	c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7 = mw.ustring.match (date, patterns_t[pattern_idx][1]);	-- get the captures

	local t = {																	-- table that holds k/v pairs of date parts from the captures and patterns_t[pattern_idx][2..]
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][2]] = c1;										-- at minimum there is always one capture with a matching indicator letter
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][3] or 'x'] = c2;								-- patterns_t can have a variable number of captures; each capture requires an indicator letter;
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][4] or 'x'] = c3;								-- where there is no capture, there is no indicator letter so n in patterns_t[pattern_idx][n] will be nil;
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][5] or 'x'] = c4;								-- the 'x' here spoofs an indicator letter to prevent 'table index is nil' error
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][6] or 'x'] = c5;
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][7] or 'x'] = c6;
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][8] or 'x'] = c7;
		};

	if t.a then																	-- if this date has an anchor year capture (all convertable date formats except ymd)
		if t.y2 then															-- for year range date formats														
			t.y2 = t.a;															-- use the anchor year capture when reassembling the date
		else																	-- here for single date formats (except ymd)
			t.y = t.a;															-- use the anchor year capture when reassembling the date
		end
	end

	if tonumber(t.m) then														-- if raw month is a number (converting from ymd)
		if 's' == mon_len then													-- if we are to use abbreviated month names
			t.m = cfg.date_names['inv_local_short'][tonumber(t.m)];					-- convert it to a month name
		else
			t.m = cfg.date_names['inv_local_long'][tonumber(t.m)];					-- convert it to a month name
		end
		t.d = t.d:gsub ('0(%d)', '%1');											-- strip leading '0' from day if present
	elseif 'ymd' == format_param then											-- when converting to ymd
		t.y = t.y:gsub ('%a', '');												-- strip CITREF disambiguator if present; anchor year already known so process can proceed; TODO: maint message?
		if 1582 &gt; tonumber (t.y) then											-- ymd format dates not allowed before 1582
			return;
		end
		t.m = string.format ('%02d', get_month_number (t.m));					-- make sure that month and day are two digits
		t.d = string.format ('%02d', t.d);
	elseif mon_len then															-- if mon_len is set to either 'short' or 'long'
		for _, mon in ipairs ({'m', 'm2'}) do									-- because there can be two month names, check both 
			if t[mon] then
				t[mon] = get_month_number (t[mon]);								-- get the month number for this month (is length agnostic)
				if 0 == t[mon] then return; end									-- seasons and named dates can't be converted
				t[mon] = (('s' == mon_len) and cfg.date_names['inv_local_short'][t[mon]]) or cfg.date_names['inv_local_long'][t[mon]];	-- fetch month name according to length
			end
		end
	end

	local new_date = string.format (re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][1],	-- format string
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][2]],							-- named captures from t{}
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][3]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][4]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][5]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][6]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][7]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][8]]
		);

	return new_date;
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; R E F O R M A T _ D A T E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Reformats existing dates into the format specified by format.

format is one of several manual keywords: dmy, dmy-all, mdy, mdy-all, ymd, ymd-all.  The -all version includes
access- and archive-dates; otherwise these dates are not reformatted.

This function allows automatic date formatting.  In ~/Configuration, the article source is searched for one of
the {{use xxx dates}} templates.  If found, xxx becomes the global date format as xxx-all.  If |cs1-dates= in
{{use xxx dates}} has legitimate value then that value determines how cs1|2 dates will be rendered.  Legitimate
values for |cs1-dates= are:
	l - all dates are rendered with long month names
	ls - publication dates use long month names; access-/archive-dates use abbreviated month names
	ly - publication dates use long month names; access-/archive-dates rendered in ymd format
	s - all dates are rendered with abbreviated (short) month names
	sy - publication dates use abbreviated month names; access-/archive-dates rendered in ymd format
	y - all dates are rendered in ymd format

the format argument for automatic date formatting will be the format specified by {{use xxx dates}} with the
value supplied by |cs1-dates so one of: xxx-l, xxx-ls, xxx-ly, xxx-s, xxx-sy, xxx-y, or simply xxx (|cs1-dates=
empty, omitted, or invalid) where xxx shall be either of dmy or mdy.

dates are extracted from date_parameters_list, reformatted (if appropriate), and then written back into the
list in the new format.  Dates in date_parameters_list are presumed here to be valid (no errors).  This function
returns true when a date has been reformatted, false else.  Actual reformatting is done by reformatter().

]]

local function reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, format)
	local all = false;															-- set to false to skip access- and archive-dates
	local len_p = 'l';															-- default publication date length shall be long
	local len_a = 'l';															-- default access-/archive-date length shall be long
	local result = false;
	local new_date;																
	
	if format:match('%a+%-all') then											-- manual df keyword; auto df keyword when length not specified in {{use xxx dates}}; 
		format = format:match('(%a+)%-all');									-- extract the format
		all = true;																-- all dates are long format dates because this keyword doesn't specify length
	elseif format:match('%a+%-[lsy][sy]?') then									-- auto df keywords; internal only
		all = true;																-- auto df applies to all dates; use length specified by capture len_p for all dates
		format, len_p, len_a = format:match('(%a+)%-([lsy])([sy]?)');			-- extract the format and length keywords
		if 'y' == len_p then													-- because allowed by MOS:DATEUNIFY (sort of) range dates and My dates not reformatted
			format = 'ymd';														-- override {{use xxx dates}}
		elseif (not is_set(len_a)) or (len_p == len_a) then						-- no access-/archive-date length specified or same length as publication dates then
			len_a = len_p;														-- in case len_a not set
		end
	end																			-- else only publication dates and they are long

	for param_name, param_val in pairs (date_parameters_list) do				-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set (param_val.val) then											-- if the parameter has a value
			if not (not all and in_array (param_name, {'access-date', 'archive-date'})) then	-- skip access- or archive-date unless format is xxx-all; yeah, ugly; TODO: find a better way
				for pattern_idx, pattern in pairs (patterns_t) do
					if mw.ustring.match (param_val.val, pattern[1]) then
						if all and in_array (param_name, {'access-date', 'archive-date'}) then	-- if this date is an access- or archive-date
							new_date = reformatter (param_val.val, pattern_idx, (('y' == len_a) and 'ymd') or format, len_a);	-- choose ymd or dmy/mdy according to len_a setting
						else													-- all other dates
							new_date = reformatter (param_val.val, pattern_idx, format, len_p);
						end
						
						if new_date then										-- set when date was reformatted
							date_parameters_list[param_name].val = new_date;	-- update date in date list
							result = true;										-- and announce that changes have been made
							break;
						end
					end	-- if
				end		-- for
			end			-- if
		end				-- if
	end					-- for
	return result;																-- declare boolean result and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E _ H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H &gt;----------------------------------------

Loops through the list of date-holding parameters and converts any hyphen to an ndash.  Not called if the cs1|2
template has any date errors.

Modifies the date_parameters_list and returns true if hyphens are replaced, else returns false.

]]

local function date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list)
	local result = false;
	local n;
	for param_name, param_val in pairs(date_parameters_list) do					-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set (param_val.val) and
			not mw.ustring.match (param_val.val, patterns_t.ymd[1]) then		-- for those that are not ymd dates (ustring because here digits may not be Western)
				param_val.val, n = param_val.val:gsub ('%-', '–');				-- replace any hyphen with ndash
				if 0 ~= n then
					date_parameters_list[param_name].val = param_val.val;		-- update the list
					result = true;
				end
		end
	end
	return result;																-- so we know if any hyphens were replaced
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; D A T E _ N A M E _ X L A T E &gt;------------------------------------------------

Attempts to translate English date names to local-language date names using names supplied by MediaWiki's
date parser function.  This is simple name-for-name replacement and may not work for all languages.

if xlat_dig is true, this function will also translate Western (English) digits to the local language's digits.
This will also translate ymd dates.

]]

local function date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, xlt_dig)
	local xlate;
	local modified = false;
	local date;
	
	local sources_t = {
		{cfg.date_names.en.long, cfg.date_names.inv_local_long},				-- for translating long English month names to long local month names
		{cfg.date_names.en.short, cfg.date_names.inv_local_short},				-- short month names
		{cfg.date_names.en.quarter, cfg.date_names.inv_local_quarter},			-- quarter date names
		{cfg.date_names.en.season, cfg.date_names.inv_local_season},			-- season date nam
		{cfg.date_names.en.named, cfg.date_names.inv_local_named},				-- named dates
		}

	local function is_xlateable (month)											-- local function to get local date name that replaces existing English-language date name
		for _, date_names_t in ipairs (sources_t) do							-- for each sequence table in date_names_t
			if date_names_t[1][month] then										-- if date name is English month (long or short), quarter, season or named and
				if date_names_t[2][date_names_t[1][month]] then					-- if there is a matching local date name
					return date_names_t[2][date_names_t[1][month]];				-- return the local date name
				end
			end
		end
	end

	for param_name, param_val in pairs(date_parameters_list) do					-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set(param_val.val) then											-- if the parameter has a value
			date = param_val.val;
			for month in mw.ustring.gmatch (date, '[%a ]+') do					-- iterate through all date names in the date (single date or date range)
				month = mw.text.trim (month);									-- this because quarterly dates contain whitespace
				xlate = is_xlateable (month);									-- get translate &lt;month&gt;; returns translation or nil
				
				if xlate then		
					date = mw.ustring.gsub (date, month, xlate);				-- replace the English with the translation
					date_parameters_list[param_name].val = date;				-- save the translated date
					modified = true;
				end
			end

			if xlt_dig then														-- shall we also translate digits?
				date = date:gsub ('%d', cfg.date_names.xlate_digits);			-- translate digits from Western to 'local digits'
				date_parameters_list[param_name].val = date;					-- save the translated date
				modified = true;
			end
		end
	end
	
	return modified;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr)
	add_prop_cat = utilities_page_ptr.add_prop_cat ;							-- import functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module
	is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set;
	in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array;
	set_message = utilities_page_ptr.set_message;
	substitute = utilities_page_ptr.substitute;
	wrap_style = utilities_page_ptr.wrap_style;

	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;														-- import tables from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A R C H I V E _ D A T E _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------------------------

Compare value in |archive-date= with the timestamp in Wayback machine urls.  Emits an error message with suggested
date from the |archive-url= timestamp in an appropriate format when the value in |archive-date= does not match
the timestamp.

this function never called when any date in a cs1|2 template has errors

error message suggests new |archive-date= value in an appropriate format specified by &lt;df&gt;.  &lt;df&gt; is either 
|df= or cfg.global_df in that order.  If &lt;df&gt; is nil, suggested date has format from |archive-date=.  There is
a caveat: when |df=dmy or |df=mdy, the reformatter leaves |access-date= and |archive-date= formats as they are.
The error message suggested date is passed to the formatter as YYYY-MM-DD so when |df=dmy or |df=mdy, the format
is not changed.

]]

local function archive_date_check (archive_date, archive_url_timestamp, df)
	local archive_date_format = 'dmy-y';										-- holds the date format of date in |archive-date; default to ymd; 'dmy' used here to spoof reformat_dates() 
	
	for _, v_t in ipairs ({{'dMy', 'dmy-all'}, {'Mdy', 'mdy-all'}}) do			-- is |archive-date= format dmy or mdy?
		if archive_date:match (patterns_t[v_t[1]][1]) then						-- does the pattern match?
			archive_date_format = cfg.keywords_xlate[v_t[2]];					-- get appropriate |df= supported keyword from the i18n translator table
			break;
		end
	end
	
	local dates_t = {};
	dates_t['archive-date'] = {val=archive_date, name=''};						-- setup to call reformat_dates(); never called when errors so &lt;name&gt; unset as not needed
	reformat_dates (dates_t, 'dmy-y');											-- reformat |archive-date= to ymd; 'dmy' used here to spoof reformat_dates()
	local archive_url_date = archive_url_timestamp:gsub ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)%d*', '%1-%2-%3');	-- make ymd format date from timestamp

	if dates_t['archive-date'].val == archive_url_date then						-- are the two dates the same
		return;																	-- yes, done
	else
		dates_t['archive-date'] = {val=archive_url_date, name=''};				-- setup to call reformat_dates() with the timestamp date
		reformat_dates (dates_t, df or archive_date_format);					-- reformat timestamp to format specified by &lt;df&gt; or format used in |archive-date= 
		archive_url_date = dates_t['archive-date'].val;
		set_message ('err_archive_date_url_ts_mismatch', archive_url_date);		-- emit an error message
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {																		-- return exported functions
	archive_date_check = archive_date_check,
	date_hyphen_to_dash = date_hyphen_to_dash,
	date_name_xlate = date_name_xlate,
	dates = dates,
	is_valid_date = is_valid_date,
	reformat_dates = reformat_dates,
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules,
	year_check = year_check,
	year_date_check = year_date_check,
	}</text>
      <sha1>t2d5ocm3ym8yza0dgkl1tstgc2yr6dq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339257</id>
      <parentid>339256</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339256</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="67945" sha1="t2d5ocm3ym8yza0dgkl1tstgc2yr6dq" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local add_prop_cat, is_set, in_array, set_message, substitute, wrap_style;		-- imported functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
local cfg;																		-- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; F I L E - S C O P E   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------

File-scope variables are declared here

]]

local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage();										-- used by is_valid_accessdate(), is_valid_year(), date_name_xlate();
local year_limit;																-- used by is_valid_year()


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ A C C E S S D A T E &gt;----------------------------------------

returns true if:
	Wikipedia start date &lt;= accessdate &lt; today + 2 days

Wikipedia start date is 2001-01-15T00:00:00 UTC which is 979516800 seconds after 1970-01-01T00:00:00 UTC (the start of Unix time)
accessdate is the date provided in |access-date= at time 00:00:00 UTC
today is the current date at time 00:00:00 UTC plus 48 hours
	if today is 2015-01-01T00:00:00 then
		adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-02T00:00:00 – one second more than today
		adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-03T00:00:00 – one second more than tomorrow

This function does not work if it is fed month names for languages other than English.  Wikimedia #time: parser
apparently doesn't understand non-English date month names. This function will always return false when the date
contains a non-English month name because good1 is false after the call to lang.formatDate().  To get around that
call this function with YYYY-MM-DD format dates.

]=]

local function is_valid_accessdate (accessdate)
	local good1, good2;
	local access_ts, tomorrow_ts;												-- to hold Unix time stamps representing the dates

	good1, access_ts = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'U', accessdate );			-- convert accessdate value to Unix timestamp 
	good2, tomorrow_ts = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'U', 'today + 2 days' );	-- today midnight + 2 days is one second more than all day tomorrow
	
	if good1 and good2 then														-- lang.formatDate() returns a timestamp in the local script which which tonumber() may not understand
		access_ts = tonumber (access_ts) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (access_ts);		-- convert to numbers for the comparison;
		tomorrow_ts = tonumber (tomorrow_ts) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (tomorrow_ts);
	else
		return false;															-- one or both failed to convert to Unix time stamp
	end

	if 979516800 &lt;= access_ts and access_ts &lt; tomorrow_ts then					-- Wikipedia start date &lt;= accessdate &lt; tomorrow's date
		return true;
	else
		return false;															-- accessdate out of range
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ M O N T H _ N U M B E R &gt;----------------------------------------------

returns a number according to the month in a date: 1 for January, etc.  Capitalization and spelling must be correct.
If not a valid month, returns 0

]]

local function get_month_number (month)
	return cfg.date_names['local'].long[month] or cfg.date_names['local'].short[month] or	-- look for local names first
			cfg.date_names['en'].long[month] or	cfg.date_names['en'].short[month] or		-- failing that, look for English names
			0;																				-- not a recognized month name
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ S E A S O N _ N U M B E R &gt;--------------------------------------------

returns a number according to the sequence of seasons in a year: 21 for Spring, etc.  Capitalization and spelling
must be correct. If not a valid season, returns 0.
	21-24 = Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, independent of “Hemisphere”

returns 0 when &lt;param&gt; is not |date=

Season numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)
which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019.  See '§Sub-year groupings'.  The standard defines various divisions using
numbers 21-41.  cs1|2 only supports generic seasons.  EDTF does support the distinction between north and south
hemisphere seasons but cs1|2 has no way to make that distinction.

These additional divisions not currently supported:
	25-28 = Spring - Northern Hemisphere, Summer- Northern Hemisphere, Autumn - Northern Hemisphere, Winter - Northern Hemisphere
	29-32 = Spring – Southern Hemisphere, Summer– Southern Hemisphere, Autumn – Southern Hemisphere, Winter - Southern Hemisphere
	33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each)
	37-39 = Quadrimester 1, Quadrimester 2, Quadrimester 3 (4 months each)
	40-41 = Semestral 1, Semestral-2 (6 months each)

]]

local function get_season_number (season, param)
	if 'date' ~= param then
		return 0;																-- season dates only supported by |date=
	end
	return cfg.date_names['local'].season[season] or							-- look for local names first
			cfg.date_names['en'].season[season] or								-- failing that, look for English names
			0;																	-- not a recognized season name
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ Q U A R T E R _ N U M B E R &gt;------------------------------------------

returns a number according to the sequence of quarters in a year: 33 for first quarter, etc.  Capitalization and spelling
must be correct. If not a valid quarter, returns 0.
	33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each)

returns 0 when &lt;param&gt; is not |date=

Quarter numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)
which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019.  See '§Sub-year groupings'.  The standard defines various divisions using
numbers 21-41.  cs1|2 only supports generic seasons and quarters.

These additional divisions not currently supported:
	37-39 = Quadrimester 1, Quadrimester 2, Quadrimester 3 (4 months each)
	40-41 = Semestral 1, Semestral-2 (6 months each)

]]

local function get_quarter_number (quarter, param)
	if 'date' ~= param then
		return 0;																-- quarter dates only supported by |date=
	end
	quarter = mw.ustring.gsub (quarter, ' +', ' ');								-- special case replace multiple space chars with a single space char
	return cfg.date_names['local'].quarter[quarter] or							-- look for local names first
			cfg.date_names['en'].quarter[quarter] or							-- failing that, look for English names
			0;																	-- not a recognized quarter name
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ P R O P E R _ N A M E _ N U M B E R &gt;----------------------------------

returns a non-zero number if date contains a recognized proper-name.  Capitalization and spelling must be correct.

returns 0 when &lt;param&gt; is not |date=

]]

local function get_proper_name_number (name, param)
	if 'date' ~= param then
		return 0;																-- proper-name dates only supported by |date=
	end
	return cfg.date_names['local'].named[name] or								-- look for local names dates first
			cfg.date_names['en'].named[name] or									-- failing that, look for English names
			0;																	-- not a recognized named date
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ E L E M E N T _ N U M B E R &lt;------------------------------------------

returns true if month or season or quarter or proper name is valid (properly spelled, capitalized, abbreviated)

]]

local function get_element_number (element, param)
	local num;
	
	local funcs = {get_month_number, get_season_number, get_quarter_number, get_proper_name_number};	-- list of functions to execute in order
	
	for _, func in ipairs (funcs) do											-- spin through the function list
		num = func (element, param);											-- call the function and get the returned number
		if 0 ~= num then														-- non-zero when valid month season quarter 
			return num;															-- return that number
		end
	end
	return nil;																	-- not valid
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ Y E A R &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Function gets current year from the server and compares it to year from a citation parameter.  Years more than one
year in the future are not acceptable.

Special case for |pmc-embargo-date=: years more than two years in the future are not acceptable

]]

local function is_valid_year (year, param)
	if not is_set (year_limit) then
		year_limit = tonumber(os.date(&quot;%Y&quot;))+1;									-- global variable so we only have to fetch it once
	end

	year = tonumber (year) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (year);			-- convert to number for the comparison
	if year and (100 &gt; year) then												-- years less than 100 not supported
		return false;
	end
	
	if 'pmc-embargo-date' == param then											-- special case for |pmc-embargo-date=
		return year and (year &lt;= tonumber(os.date(&quot;%Y&quot;))+2) or false;			-- years more than two years in the future are not accepted
	end	
	return year and (year &lt;= year_limit) or false;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ D A T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Returns true if day is less than or equal to the number of days in month and year is no farther into the future
than next year; else returns false.

Assumes Julian calendar prior to year 1582 and Gregorian calendar thereafter. Accounts for Julian calendar leap
years before 1582 and Gregorian leap years after 1582. Where the two calendars overlap (1582 to approximately
1923) dates are assumed to be Gregorian.

]]

local function is_valid_date (year, month, day, param)
local days_in_month = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
local month_length;
	if not is_valid_year (year, param) then										-- no farther into the future than next year except |pmc-embargo-date= no more than two years in the future
		return false;
	end
	
	month = tonumber (month);													-- required for YYYY-MM-DD dates
	
	if (2 == month) then														-- if February
		month_length = 28;														-- then 28 days unless
		if 1582 &gt; tonumber(year) then											-- Julian calendar
			if 0 == (year%4) then												-- is a leap year?
				month_length = 29;												-- if leap year then 29 days in February
			end
		else																	-- Gregorian calendar
			if (0 == (year%4) and (0 ~= (year%100) or 0 == (year%400))) then	-- is a leap year?
				month_length = 29;												-- if leap year then 29 days in February
			end
		end
	else
		month_length = days_in_month[month] or 0;								-- invalid month number is nil so default &lt;month_length&gt; to 0
	end

	if tonumber (day) &gt; month_length then
		return false;
	end
	return true;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ M O N T H _ R A N G E _ S T Y L E &gt;--------------------------

Months in a range are expected to have the same style: Jan–Mar or October–December but not February–Mar or Jul–August. 
This function looks in cfg.date_names{} to see if both month names are listed in the long subtable or both are
listed in the short subtable.  When both have the same style (both are listed in the same table), returns true; false else

]]

local function is_valid_month_range_style (month1, month2)
	if (cfg.date_names.en.long[month1] and cfg.date_names.en.long[month2]) or					-- are both English names listed in the long subtable?
		(cfg.date_names.en.short[month1] and cfg.date_names.en.short[month2]) or				-- are both English names listed in the short subtable?
		(cfg.date_names['local'].long[month1] and cfg.date_names['local'].long[month2]) or		-- are both local names listed in the long subtable?
		(cfg.date_names['local'].short[month1] and cfg.date_names['local'].short[month2]) then	-- are both local names listed in the short subtable?
			return true;
	end
	return false;																-- names are mixed
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ M O N T H _ S E A S O N _ R A N G E &gt;------------------------

Check a pair of months or seasons to see if both are valid members of a month or season pair.

Month pairs are expected to be left to right, earliest to latest in time.

All season ranges are accepted as valid because there are publishers out there who have published a Summer–Spring YYYY issue, hence treat as ok

]]

local function is_valid_month_season_range(range_start, range_end, param)
	local range_start_number = get_month_number (range_start);
	local range_end_number;

	if 0 == range_start_number then												-- is this a month range?
		range_start_number = get_season_number (range_start, param);			-- not a month; is it a season? get start season number
		range_end_number = get_season_number (range_end, param);				-- get end season number

		if (0 ~= range_start_number) and (0 ~= range_end_number) and (range_start_number ~= range_end_number) then
			return true;														-- any season pairing is accepted except when both are the same
		end
		return false;															-- range_start and/or range_end is not a season
	end
																				-- here when range_start is a month
	range_end_number = get_month_number (range_end);							-- get end month number
	if range_start_number &lt; range_end_number and								-- range_start is a month; does range_start precede range_end?
		is_valid_month_range_style (range_start, range_end) then				-- do months have the same style?
			return true;														-- proper order and same style
	end
	return false;																-- range_start month number is greater than or equal to range end number; or range end isn't a month
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ C O I N S _ D A T E &gt;------------------------------------------------

This function receives a table of date parts for one or two dates and an empty table reference declared in
Module:Citation/CS1.  The function is called only for |date= parameters and only if the |date=&lt;value&gt; is 
determined to be a valid date format.  The question of what to do with invalid date formats is not answered here.

The date parts in the input table are converted to an ISO 8601 conforming date string:
	single whole dates:		yyyy-mm-dd
	month and year dates:	yyyy-mm
	year dates:				yyyy
	ranges:					yyyy-mm-dd/yyyy-mm-dd
							yyyy-mm/yyyy-mm
							yyyy/yyyy

Dates in the Julian calendar are reduced to year or year/year so that we don't have to do calendar conversion from
Julian to Proleptic Gregorian.

The input table has:
	year, year2 – always present; if before 1582, ignore months and days if present
	month, month2 – 0 if not provided, 1-12 for months, 21-24 for seasons; 99 Christmas
	day, day2 –  0 if not provided, 1-31 for days
	
the output table receives:
	rftdate:	an ISO 8601 formatted date
	rftchron:	a free-form version of the date, usually without year which is in rftdate (season ranges and proper-name dates)
	rftssn:		one of four season keywords: winter, spring, summer, fall (lowercase)
	rftquarter:	one of four values: 1, 2, 3, 4

]]

local function make_COinS_date (input, COinS_date_t)
	local date;																	-- one date or first date in a range
	local date2 = '';															-- end of range date
	input.year = tonumber (input.year) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (input.year);	-- language-aware tonumber()
	input.year2 = tonumber (input.year2) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (input.year2);	-- COinS dates are pseudo-ISO 8601 so convert to Arabic numerals

	if ((1582 == input.year) and (10 &gt; tonumber(input.month))) or (1582 &gt; input.year) then	-- if a Julian calendar date
		COinS_date_t.rftdate = tostring (input.year);							-- &amp;rft.date gets year only
		return;																	-- done
	end
																				-- here for all forms of Gregorian dates
	if 20 &lt; tonumber (input.month) then											-- if season, quarter, or proper-name date
		date = input.year;														-- &amp;rft.date gets year only
		if 0 ~= input.year2 and input.year ~= input.year2 then					-- if a range, only the second year portion when not the same as range start year
			date = string.format ('%.4d/%.4d', input.year, input.year2)			-- assemble the date range
		end

		local season = {[24] = 'winter', [21] = 'spring', [22] = 'summer', [23] = 'fall', [33] = '1', [34] = '2', [35] = '3', [36] = '4', [98] = 'Easter', [99] = 'Christmas'};	-- seasons lowercase, no autumn; proper-names use title case
		if 0 == input.month2 then												-- single season, quarter, or proper-name date
			if 40 &lt; tonumber(input.month) then
				COinS_date_t.rftchron = season[input.month];						-- proper-name date; used in journal metadata only
			elseif 30 &lt; tonumber(input.month) then
				COinS_date_t.rftquarter = season[input.month];					-- quarter date; used in journal metadata only
			else
				COinS_date_t.rftssn = season[input.month];						-- season date; used in journal metadata only
			end
		else																	-- season ranges are lumped into &amp;rft.chron; &amp;rft.ssn and &amp;rft.quarter are left blank
			if input.year ~= input.year2 then									-- season year – season year range or season year–year
				if 0 ~= input.month2 then
					COinS_date_t.rftchron = string.format ('%s %s – %s %s', season[input.month], input.year, season[input.month2], input.year2);	-- used in journal metadata only
				end
			else																-- season–season year range
				COinS_date_t.rftchron = season[input.month] .. '–' .. season[input.month2];	-- season–season year range; used in journal metadata only
			end
		end

		COinS_date_t.rftdate = tostring (date);
		return;																	-- done
	end
																				-- here for gregorian calendar dates
	if 0 ~= input.day then
		date = string.format ('%s-%.2d-%.2d', input.year, tonumber(input.month), tonumber(input.day));	-- whole date
	elseif 0 ~= input.month then
		date = string.format ('%s-%.2d', input.year, tonumber(input.month));	-- year and month
	else
		date = string.format ('%s', input.year);								-- just year
	end

	if 0 ~= input.year2 then
		if 0 ~= input.day2 then
			date2 = string.format ('/%s-%.2d-%.2d', input.year2, tonumber(input.month2), tonumber(input.day2));		-- whole date
		elseif 0 ~= input.month2 then
			date2 = string.format ('/%s-%.2d', input.year2, tonumber(input.month2));	-- year and month
		else
			date2 = string.format ('/%s', input.year2);							-- just year
		end
	end
	
	COinS_date_t.rftdate = date .. date2;										-- date2 has the '/' separator
	return;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A T T E R N S _ T &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

this is the list of patterns for date formats that this module recognizes.  Approximately the first half of these
patterns represent formats that might be reformatted into another format.  Those that might be reformatted have
'indicator' letters that identify the content of the matching capture: 'd' (day), 'm' (month), 'a' (anchor year),
'y' (year); second day, month, year have a '2' suffix.

These patterns are used for both date validation and for reformatting.  This table should not be moved to ~/Configuration
because changes to this table require changes to check_date() and to reformatter() and reformat_date()

]]

local patterns_t = {
	 																			-- year-initial numerical year-month-day
	['ymd'] = {'^([1-9]%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'},					
																				-- month-initial: month day, year
	['Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'd', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash
	['Md-dy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?)[%-–]([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- day-initial: day month year
	['dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'm', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- year-initial: year month day; day: 1 or 2 two digits, leading zero allowed; not supported at en.wiki
	--	['yMd'] = {'^(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?) +(%D-) +(%d%d?)$', 'a', 'y', 'm', 'd'},
																				-- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash
	['d-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?)[%-–]([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash
	['dM-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +[%-–] +([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year;  uses spaced endash
	['Md-Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$','m', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash
	['dMy-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +([1-9]%d%d%d?) +[%-–] +([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'a', 'y2'},
																				-- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year;  uses spaced endash
	['Mdy-Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +([1-9]%d%d%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'a', 'y2'},

																				-- these date formats cannot be converted, per se, but month name can be rendered short or long
																				-- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash
	['My-My'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d%d%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'y', 'm2', 'a', 'y2'},
																				-- month/season range year; months separated by endash
	['M-My'] = {'^(%D-)[%-–](%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'm2', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- month/season year or proper-name year; quarter year when First Quarter YYYY etc.
	['My'] = {'^([^%d–]-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'a', 'y'},					-- this way because endash is a member of %D; %D- will match January–March 2019 when it shouldn't

																				-- these date formats cannot be converted
	['Sy4-y2'] = {'^(%D-) +(([1-9]%d)%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d)%l?)$'},						-- special case Winter/Summer year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash
	['Sy-y'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d%d%d?)[%-–](([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$'},					-- special case Winter/Summer year-year; year separated with unspaced endash
	['y-y'] = {'^([1-9]%d%d%d?)[%-–](([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$'},							-- year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999
	['y4-y2'] = {'^(([1-9]%d)%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d)%l?)$'},								-- year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash
	['y'] = {'^(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$'},												-- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY
	
																				-- these date formats cannot be converted
	['n.d.'] = {'^((n%.d%.)%l?)$'},													-- no date with dots
	['nd'] = {'^((nd)%l?)$'},														-- no date
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ E M B A R G O _ D A T E &gt;------------------------------------

returns true and date value if that value has proper dmy, mdy, ymd format.

returns false and 9999 (embargoed forever) when date value is not proper format; assumes that when |pmc-embargo-date= is
set, the editor intended to embargo a PMC but |pmc-embargo-date= does not hold a single date.

]]

local function is_valid_embargo_date (v)
	if v:match (patterns_t['ymd'][1]) or										-- ymd
		v:match (patterns_t['Mdy'][1]) or										-- dmy
		v:match (patterns_t['dMy'][1]) then										-- mdy
			return true, v;
	end
	return false, '9999';														-- if here not good date so return false and set embargo date to long time in future
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ D A T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Check date format to see that it is one of the formats approved by WP:DATESNO or WP:DATERANGE. Exception: only
allowed range separator is endash.  Additionally, check the date to see that it is a real date: no 31 in 30-day
months; no 29 February when not a leap year.  Months, both long-form and three character abbreviations, and seasons
must be spelled correctly.  Future years beyond next year are not allowed.

If the date fails the format tests, this function returns false and does not return values for anchor_year and
COinS_date.  When this happens, the date parameter is (DEBUG: not?) used in the COinS metadata and the CITEREF identifier gets
its year from the year parameter if present otherwise CITEREF does not get a date value.

Inputs:
	date_string - date string from date-holding parameters (date, year, publication-date, access-date, pmc-embargo-date, archive-date, lay-date)

Returns:
	false if date string is not a real date; else
	true, anchor_year, COinS_date
		anchor_year can be used in CITEREF anchors
		COinS_date is ISO 8601 format date; see make_COInS_date()

]]

local function check_date (date_string, param, COinS_date_t)
	local year;																	-- assume that year2, months, and days are not used;
	local year2 = 0;															-- second year in a year range
	local month = 0;
	local month2 = 0;															-- second month in a month range
	local day = 0;
	local day2 = 0;																-- second day in a day range
	local anchor_year;
--	local coins_date;

	if date_string:match (patterns_t['ymd'][1]) then							-- year-initial numerical year month day format
		year, month, day = date_string:match (patterns_t['ymd'][1]);
		if 12 &lt; tonumber(month) or 1 &gt; tonumber(month) or 1582 &gt; tonumber(year) or 0 == tonumber(day) then return false; end	-- month or day number not valid or not Gregorian calendar
		anchor_year = year;
	
	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy'][1]) then				-- month-initial: month day, year
		month, day, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy'][1]);
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
				
	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-dy'][1]) then			-- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash
		month, day, day2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-dy'][1]);
		if tonumber(day) &gt;= tonumber(day2) then return false; end				-- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same;
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
		month2=month;															-- for metadata
		year2 = year;

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy'][1]) then				-- day-initial: day month year
		day, month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy'][1]);
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months

--[[ NOT supported at en.wiki
	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['yMd'][1]) then				-- year-initial: year month day; day: 1 or 2 two digits, leading zero allowed
		anchor_year, year, month, day = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['yMd'][1]);
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
-- end NOT supported at en.wiki ]]

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['d-dMy'][1]) then			-- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash
		day, day2, month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['d-dMy'][1]);
		if tonumber(day) &gt;= tonumber(day2) then return false; end				-- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same;
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
		month2 = month;															-- for metadata
		year2 = year;

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dM-dMy'][1]) then			-- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash
		day, month, day2, month2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dM-dMy'][1]);
		if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end	-- date range order is left to right: earlier to later;
		month = get_month_number (month);										-- for metadata
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);
		year2 = year;

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-Mdy'][1]) then			-- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year; uses spaced endash
		month, day, month2, day2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-Mdy'][1]);
		if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2, param)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end
		month = get_month_number (month);										-- for metadata
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);
		year2 = year;

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy-dMy'][1]) then			-- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash
		day, month, year, day2, month2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy-dMy'][1]);
		if tonumber(year2) &lt;= tonumber(year) then return false; end				-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) or not is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then return false; end		-- year2 no more than one year in the future; months same style
		month = get_month_number (month);										-- for metadata
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);
		if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end						-- both must be valid

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy-Mdy'][1]) then			-- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year; uses spaced endash
		month, day, year, month2, day2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy-Mdy'][1]);
		if tonumber(year2) &lt;= tonumber(year) then return false; end				-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) or not is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then return false; end		-- year2 no more than one year in the future; months same style
		month = get_month_number (month);										-- for metadata
		month2 = get_month_number(month2);
		if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end						-- both must be valid

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy4-y2'][1]) then			-- special case Winter/Summer year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash
		local century;
		month, year, century, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy4-y2'][1]);
		if 'Winter' ~= month and 'Summer' ~= month then return false end;		-- 'month' can only be Winter or Summer
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor_year from both years
		year2 = century..year2;													-- add the century to year2 for comparisons
		if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end			-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year
		month = get_season_number(month, param);

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy-y'][1]) then			-- special case Winter/Summer year-year; year separated with unspaced endash
		month, year, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy-y'][1]);
		month = get_season_number (month, param);								-- &lt;month&gt; can only be winter or summer; also for metadata
		if (month ~= cfg.date_names['en'].season['Winter']) and (month ~= cfg.date_names['en'].season['Summer']) then
			return false;														-- not Summer or Winter; abandon
		end
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor_year from both years
		if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end			-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My-My'][1]) then			-- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash
		month, year, month2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My-My'][1]);
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor_year from both years
		if tonumber(year) &gt;= tonumber(year2) then return false; end				-- left to right, earlier to later, not the same
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year
		if 0 ~= get_month_number(month) and 0 ~= get_month_number(month2) and is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then 	-- both must be month year, same month style
			month = get_month_number(month);
			month2 = get_month_number(month2);
		elseif 0 ~= get_season_number(month, param) and 0 ~= get_season_number(month2, param) then	-- both must be season year, not mixed
			month = get_season_number(month, param);
			month2 = get_season_number(month2, param);
		else
			 return false;
		end

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['M-My'][1]) then			-- month/season range year; months separated by endash 
		month, month2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['M-My'][1]);
		if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2, param)) or (not is_valid_year(year)) then return false; end
		if 0 ~= get_month_number(month) then									-- determined to be a valid range so just check this one to know if month or season
			month = get_month_number(month);
			month2 = get_month_number(month2);
			if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end
		else
			month = get_season_number(month, param);
			month2 = get_season_number(month2, param);
		end
		year2 = year;
		
	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My'][1]) then				-- month/season/quarter/proper-name year
		month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My'][1]);
		if not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end
		month = get_element_number(month, param);								-- get month season quarter proper-name number or nil
		if not month then return false; end										-- not valid whatever it is

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y-y'][1]) then				-- Year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999
		year, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y-y'][1]);
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor year from both years
		if tonumber(year) &gt;= tonumber(year2) then return false; end				-- left to right, earlier to later, not the same
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y4-y2'][1]) then			-- Year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash
		local century;
		year, century, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y4-y2'][1]);
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor year from both years

		if 13 &gt; tonumber(year2) then return false; end							-- don't allow 2003-05 which might be May 2003
		year2 = century .. year2;												-- add the century to year2 for comparisons
		if tonumber(year) &gt;= tonumber(year2) then return false; end				-- left to right, earlier to later, not the same
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year

		if in_array (param, {'date', 'publication-date', 'year'}) then			-- here when 'valid' abbreviated year range; if one of these parameters
			add_prop_cat ('year-range-abbreviated');							-- add properties cat
		end

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y'][1]) then				-- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY
		anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y'][1]);
		if false == is_valid_year(year) then
			return false;
		end

	else
		return false;															-- date format not one of the MOS:DATE approved formats
	end

	if param ~= 'date' then														-- CITEREF disambiguation only allowed in |date=; |year= &amp; |publication-date= promote to date
		if anchor_year:match ('%l$') then
			return false;
		end
	end

	if 'access-date' == param then												-- test access-date here because we have numerical date parts
		if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 							-- all parts of a single date required
			0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then						-- none of these; access-date must not be a range
				if not is_valid_accessdate(year .. '-' .. month .. '-' .. day) then	
					return false;												-- return false when access-date out of bounds
				end
		else
			return false;														-- return false when access-date is a range of two dates
		end
	end

	if 'archive-date' == param then												-- test archive-date here because we have numerical date parts
		if not (0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and						-- all parts of a single date required
			0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2) then						-- none of these; archive-date must not be a range
				return false;													-- return false when archive-date is a range of two dates
		end
	end

	local result=true;															-- check whole dates for validity; assume true because not all dates will go through this test
	if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then		-- YMD (simple whole date)
		result = is_valid_date (year, month, day, param);						-- &lt;param&gt; for |pmc-embargo-date=

	elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 ~= day2 then	-- YMD-d (day range)
		result = is_valid_date (year, month, day);
		result = result and is_valid_date (year, month, day2);

	elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then	-- YMD-md (day month range)
		result = is_valid_date (year, month, day);
		result = result and is_valid_date (year, month2, day2);

	elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 ~= year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then	-- YMD-ymd (day month year range)
		result = is_valid_date(year, month, day);
		result = result and is_valid_date(year2, month2, day2);
	end
	
	if false == result then return false; end

	if nil ~= COinS_date_t then													-- this table only passed into this function when testing |date= parameter values
		make_COinS_date ({year = year, month = month, day = day, year2 = year2, month2 = month2, day2 = day2}, COinS_date_t);	-- make an ISO 8601 date string for COinS
	end
	
	return true, anchor_year;													-- format is good and date string represents a real date
end	


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

Cycle the date-holding parameters in passed table date_parameters_list through check_date() to check compliance with MOS:DATE. For all valid dates, check_date() returns
true. The |date= parameter test is unique, it is the only date holding parameter from which values for anchor_year (used in CITEREF identifiers) and COinS_date (used in
the COinS metadata) are derived.  The |date= parameter is the only date-holding parameter that is allowed to contain the no-date keywords &quot;n.d.&quot; or &quot;nd&quot; (without quotes).

Unlike most error messages created in this module, only one error message is created by this function. Because all of the date holding parameters are processed serially,
parameters with errors are added to the &lt;error_list&gt; sequence table as the dates are tested.

]]

local function dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date_t, error_list)
	local anchor_year;															-- will return as nil if the date being tested is not |date=
	local embargo_date;															-- if embargo date is a good dmy, mdy, ymd date then holds original value else reset to 9999
	local good_date;

	for k, v in pairs(date_parameters_list) do									-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set(v.val) then													-- if the parameter has a value
			v.val = mw.ustring.gsub(v.val, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);	-- translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9
			if v.val:match(&quot;^c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?%l?$&quot;) then						-- special case for c. year or with or without CITEREF disambiguator - only |date= and |year=
				local year = v.val:match(&quot;c%. ([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?&quot;);				-- get the year portion so it can be tested
				if 'date' == k then
					anchor_year = v.val:match ('(c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?%l?)');		-- anchor year only from |date= parameter
					good_date = is_valid_year(year);
				elseif 'year' == k then
					good_date = is_valid_year(year);
				else
					good_date = false;
				end
			elseif 'date' == k then												-- if the parameter is |date=
				if v.val:match (patterns_t['n.d.'][1]) then											-- if |date=n.d. with or without a CITEREF disambiguator
					good_date, anchor_year = true, v.val:match (patterns_t['n.d.'][1]); 			-- &quot;n.d.&quot;; no error when date parameter is set to no date
				elseif v.val:match (patterns_t.nd[1]) then 											-- if |date=nd with or without a CITEREF disambiguator
					good_date, anchor_year = true, v.val:match (patterns_t.nd[1]);					-- &quot;nd&quot;;	no error when date parameter is set to no date
				else
					good_date, anchor_year = check_date (v.val, k, COinS_date_t);					-- go test the date
				end
			elseif 'year' == k then												-- if the parameter is |year= it should hold only a year value
				if v.val:match(&quot;^[1-9]%d%d%d?%l?$&quot;) then						-- if |year = 3 or 4 digits only with or without a CITEREF disambiguator
					good_date, anchor_year = true, v.val:match (&quot;((%d+)%l?)&quot;);
				else
					good_date = false;
				end
			elseif 'pmc-embargo-date' == k then									-- if the parameter is |pmc-embargo-date=
				good_date = check_date (v.val, k);								-- go test the date
				if true == good_date then										-- if the date is a valid date
					good_date, embargo_date = is_valid_embargo_date (v.val);	-- is |pmc-embargo-date= date a single dmy, mdy, or ymd formatted date? yes: returns embargo date; no: returns 9999
				end
			else																-- any other date-holding parameter
				good_date = check_date (v.val, k);								-- go test the date
			end
			if false == good_date then											-- assemble one error message so we don't add the tracking category multiple times
				table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', v.name));	-- make parameter name suitable for error message list
			end
		end
	end
	return anchor_year, embargo_date;											-- and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; Y E A R _ C H E C K &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Temporary function to test |year= for acceptable values:
	YYY, YYYY, year-only ranges, their circa forms, with or without CITEREF disambiguators.

When |year= holds some form of date that is not one of these year-only dates, emit a maintenance message.

This function necessary because many non-cs1|2 templates have a |year= parameter so cirrus searches are more-or-
less useless

]]

local function year_check (year)
	year = year:gsub ('c%. *', '');												-- remove circa annotation (if present) before testing &lt;year&gt;
	
	for _, index in ipairs ({'y-y', 'y4-y2', 'y'}) do							-- spin through these indexes into patterns_t
		if mw.ustring.match (year, patterns_t[index][1]) then
			return;																-- if a match then |year= holds a valid 'year'
		end
	end

	set_message ('maint_year');													-- if here, |year= value is not an accepted value; add a maint cat
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; Y E A R _ D A T E _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------------------------------

Compare the value provided in |year= with the year value(s) provided in |date=.  This function sets a local numeric value:
	0 - year value does not match the year value in date
	1 - (default) year value matches the year value in date or one of the year values when date contains two years
	2 - year value matches the year value in date when date is in the form YYYY-MM-DD and year is disambiguated (|year=YYYYx)

the numeric value in &lt;result&gt; determines the 'output' if any from this function:
	0 – adds error message to error_list sequence table
	1 – adds maint cat
	2 – does nothing

]]

local function year_date_check (year_string, year_origin, date_string, date_origin, error_list)
	local year;
	local date1;
	local date2;
	local result = 1;															-- result of the test; assume that the test passes

	year = year_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d?)');

	if date_string:match ('%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d') then							--special case where both date and year are required YYYY-MM-DD and YYYYx
		date1 = date_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d)');
		year = year_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d)');
		if year ~= date1 then
			result = 0;															-- years don't match
		elseif year_string:match ('%d%d%d%d%a') then
			result = 2;															-- years match; but because disambiguated, don't add to maint cat
		end
		
	elseif date_string:match (&quot;%d%d%d%d?.-%d%d%d%d?&quot;) then						-- any of the standard range formats of date with two three- or four-digit years
		date1, date2 = date_string:match (&quot;(%d%d%d%d?).-(%d%d%d%d?)&quot;);
		if year ~= date1 and year ~= date2 then
			result = 0;
		end

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, &quot;%d%d%d%d[%-–]%d%d&quot;) then				-- YYYY-YY date ranges
		local century;
		date1, century, date2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, &quot;((%d%d)%d%d)[%-–]+(%d%d)&quot;);
		date2 = century..date2;													-- convert YY to YYYY
		if year ~= date1 and year ~= date2 then
			result = 0;
		end

	elseif date_string:match (&quot;%d%d%d%d?&quot;) then									-- any of the standard formats of date with one year
		date1 = date_string:match (&quot;(%d%d%d%d?)&quot;);
		if year ~= date1 then
			result = 0;
		end
	else																		-- should never get here; this function called only when no other date errors
		result = 0;																-- no recognizable year in date
	end

	if 0 == result then															-- year / date mismatch
		table.insert (error_list, substitute (cfg.messages['mismatch'], {year_origin, date_origin}));	-- add error message to error_list sequence table
	elseif 1 == result then														-- redundant year / date
		set_message ('maint_date_year');										-- add a maint cat
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R E F O R M A T T E R &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

reformat 'date' into new format specified by format_param if pattern_idx (the current format of 'date') can be
reformatted.  Does the grunt work for reformat_dates().

The table re_formats maps pattern_idx (current format) and format_param (desired format) to a table that holds:
	format string used by string.format()
	identifier letters ('d', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2') that serve as indexes into a table t{} that holds captures
		from mw.ustring.match() for the various date parts specified by  patterns_t[pattern_idx][1]

Items in patterns_t{} have the general form:
	['ymd'] = {'^(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, where:
		['ymd'] is pattern_idx
		patterns_t['ymd'][1] is the match pattern with captures for mw.ustring.match()
		patterns_t['ymd'][2] is an indicator letter identifying the content of the first capture
		patterns_t['ymd'][3] ... the second capture etc.

when a pattern matches a date, the captures are loaded into table t{} in capture order using the idemtifier
characters as indexes into t{}  For the above, a ymd date is in t{} as:
	t.y = first capture (year), t.m = second capture (month), t.d = third capture (day)

To reformat, this function is called with the pattern_idx that matches the current format of the date and with
format_param set to the desired format.  This function loads table t{} as described and then calls string.format()
with the format string specified by re_format[pattern_idx][format_param][1] using values taken from t{} according
to the capture identifier letters specified by patterns_t[pattern_idx][format_param][n] where n is 2..

]]

local re_formats = {
	['ymd'] = {																	-- date format is ymd; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'},									-- |df=mdy
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'},									-- |df=dmy
	--		['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},								-- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki
		},
	['Mdy'] = {																	-- date format is Mdy; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'},									-- for long/short reformatting
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'},									-- |df=dmy
		['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},									-- |df=ymd
	--		['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},								-- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki
		},
	['dMy'] = {																	-- date format is dMy; reformat to:
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'},									-- for long/short reformatting
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'},									-- |df=mdy
		['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},									-- |df=ymd
	--		['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},								-- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki
		},
	['Md-dy'] = {																-- date format is Md-dy; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s–%s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'y'},						-- for long/short reformatting
		['dmy'] = {'%s–%s %s %s', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'y'},							-- |df=dmy -&gt; d-dMy 
		},
	['d-dMy'] = {																-- date format is d-d&gt;y; reformat to:
		['dmy'] = {'%s–%s %s %s', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'y'},							-- for long/short reformatting
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s–%s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'y'},						-- |df=mdy -&gt; Md-dy 
		},
	['dM-dMy'] = {																-- date format is dM-dMy; reformat to:
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'y'},				-- for long/short reformatting
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'y'},				-- |df=mdy -&gt; Md-Mdy 
		},
	['Md-Mdy'] = {																-- date format is Md-Mdy; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd',  'm2', 'd2', 'y'},			-- for long/short reformatting
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'y'},				-- |df=dmy -&gt; dM-dMy 
		},
	['dMy-dMy'] = {																-- date format is dMy-dMy; reformat to:
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2'},		-- for long/short reformatting
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'y2'},	-- |df=mdy -&gt; Mdy-Mdy 
		},
	['Mdy-Mdy'] = {																-- date format is Mdy-Mdy; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'y2'},	-- for long/short reformatting
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2'},		-- |df=dmy -&gt; dMy-dMy 
		},
	['My-My'] = {																-- these for long/short reformatting
		['any'] = {'%s %s – %s %s', 'm', 'y', 'm2', 'y2'},						-- dmy/mdy agnostic
		},
	['M-My'] = {																-- these for long/short reformatting
		['any'] = {'%s–%s %s', 'm', 'm2', 'y'},									-- dmy/mdy agnostic
		},
	['My'] = {																	-- these for long/short reformatting
		['any'] = {'%s %s', 'm', 'y'},											-- dmy/mdy agnostic
		},
	--	['yMd'] = {																-- not supported at en.wiki
	--		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'},								-- |df=mdy
	--		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'},								-- |df=dmy
	--		['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},								-- |df=ymd
	--		},
	}


local function reformatter (date, pattern_idx, format_param, mon_len)
	if not in_array (pattern_idx, {'ymd', 'Mdy', 'Md-dy', 'dMy', 'yMd', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy', 'My-My', 'M-My', 'My'}) then
		return;																	-- not in this set of date format patterns_t then not a reformattable date
	end
	
	if 'ymd' == format_param and in_array (pattern_idx, {'ymd', 'Md-dy', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy', 'My-My', 'M-My', 'My'}) then
		return;																	-- ymd date ranges not supported at en.wiki; no point in reformatting ymd to ymd
	end

	if in_array (pattern_idx, {'My', 'M-My', 'My-My'}) then						-- these are not dmy/mdy so can't be 'reformatted' into either
		format_param = 'any';													-- so format-agnostic 
	end

																				-- yMd is not supported at en.wiki; when yMd is supported at your wiki, uncomment the next line
	--	if 'yMd' == format_param and in_array (pattern_idx, {'yMd', 'Md-dy', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy'}) then	-- these formats not convertable; yMd not supported at en.wiki
	if 'yMd' == format_param then												-- yMd not supported at en.wiki; when yMd is supported at your wiki, remove or comment-out this line
		return;																	-- not a reformattable date
	end
	
	local c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7;											-- these hold the captures specified in patterns_t[pattern_idx][1]
	c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7 = mw.ustring.match (date, patterns_t[pattern_idx][1]);	-- get the captures

	local t = {																	-- table that holds k/v pairs of date parts from the captures and patterns_t[pattern_idx][2..]
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][2]] = c1;										-- at minimum there is always one capture with a matching indicator letter
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][3] or 'x'] = c2;								-- patterns_t can have a variable number of captures; each capture requires an indicator letter;
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][4] or 'x'] = c3;								-- where there is no capture, there is no indicator letter so n in patterns_t[pattern_idx][n] will be nil;
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][5] or 'x'] = c4;								-- the 'x' here spoofs an indicator letter to prevent 'table index is nil' error
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][6] or 'x'] = c5;
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][7] or 'x'] = c6;
		[patterns_t[pattern_idx][8] or 'x'] = c7;
		};

	if t.a then																	-- if this date has an anchor year capture (all convertable date formats except ymd)
		if t.y2 then															-- for year range date formats														
			t.y2 = t.a;															-- use the anchor year capture when reassembling the date
		else																	-- here for single date formats (except ymd)
			t.y = t.a;															-- use the anchor year capture when reassembling the date
		end
	end

	if tonumber(t.m) then														-- if raw month is a number (converting from ymd)
		if 's' == mon_len then													-- if we are to use abbreviated month names
			t.m = cfg.date_names['inv_local_short'][tonumber(t.m)];					-- convert it to a month name
		else
			t.m = cfg.date_names['inv_local_long'][tonumber(t.m)];					-- convert it to a month name
		end
		t.d = t.d:gsub ('0(%d)', '%1');											-- strip leading '0' from day if present
	elseif 'ymd' == format_param then											-- when converting to ymd
		t.y = t.y:gsub ('%a', '');												-- strip CITREF disambiguator if present; anchor year already known so process can proceed; TODO: maint message?
		if 1582 &gt; tonumber (t.y) then											-- ymd format dates not allowed before 1582
			return;
		end
		t.m = string.format ('%02d', get_month_number (t.m));					-- make sure that month and day are two digits
		t.d = string.format ('%02d', t.d);
	elseif mon_len then															-- if mon_len is set to either 'short' or 'long'
		for _, mon in ipairs ({'m', 'm2'}) do									-- because there can be two month names, check both 
			if t[mon] then
				t[mon] = get_month_number (t[mon]);								-- get the month number for this month (is length agnostic)
				if 0 == t[mon] then return; end									-- seasons and named dates can't be converted
				t[mon] = (('s' == mon_len) and cfg.date_names['inv_local_short'][t[mon]]) or cfg.date_names['inv_local_long'][t[mon]];	-- fetch month name according to length
			end
		end
	end

	local new_date = string.format (re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][1],	-- format string
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][2]],							-- named captures from t{}
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][3]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][4]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][5]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][6]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][7]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][8]]
		);

	return new_date;
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; R E F O R M A T _ D A T E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Reformats existing dates into the format specified by format.

format is one of several manual keywords: dmy, dmy-all, mdy, mdy-all, ymd, ymd-all.  The -all version includes
access- and archive-dates; otherwise these dates are not reformatted.

This function allows automatic date formatting.  In ~/Configuration, the article source is searched for one of
the {{use xxx dates}} templates.  If found, xxx becomes the global date format as xxx-all.  If |cs1-dates= in
{{use xxx dates}} has legitimate value then that value determines how cs1|2 dates will be rendered.  Legitimate
values for |cs1-dates= are:
	l - all dates are rendered with long month names
	ls - publication dates use long month names; access-/archive-dates use abbreviated month names
	ly - publication dates use long month names; access-/archive-dates rendered in ymd format
	s - all dates are rendered with abbreviated (short) month names
	sy - publication dates use abbreviated month names; access-/archive-dates rendered in ymd format
	y - all dates are rendered in ymd format

the format argument for automatic date formatting will be the format specified by {{use xxx dates}} with the
value supplied by |cs1-dates so one of: xxx-l, xxx-ls, xxx-ly, xxx-s, xxx-sy, xxx-y, or simply xxx (|cs1-dates=
empty, omitted, or invalid) where xxx shall be either of dmy or mdy.

dates are extracted from date_parameters_list, reformatted (if appropriate), and then written back into the
list in the new format.  Dates in date_parameters_list are presumed here to be valid (no errors).  This function
returns true when a date has been reformatted, false else.  Actual reformatting is done by reformatter().

]]

local function reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, format)
	local all = false;															-- set to false to skip access- and archive-dates
	local len_p = 'l';															-- default publication date length shall be long
	local len_a = 'l';															-- default access-/archive-date length shall be long
	local result = false;
	local new_date;																
	
	if format:match('%a+%-all') then											-- manual df keyword; auto df keyword when length not specified in {{use xxx dates}}; 
		format = format:match('(%a+)%-all');									-- extract the format
		all = true;																-- all dates are long format dates because this keyword doesn't specify length
	elseif format:match('%a+%-[lsy][sy]?') then									-- auto df keywords; internal only
		all = true;																-- auto df applies to all dates; use length specified by capture len_p for all dates
		format, len_p, len_a = format:match('(%a+)%-([lsy])([sy]?)');			-- extract the format and length keywords
		if 'y' == len_p then													-- because allowed by MOS:DATEUNIFY (sort of) range dates and My dates not reformatted
			format = 'ymd';														-- override {{use xxx dates}}
		elseif (not is_set(len_a)) or (len_p == len_a) then						-- no access-/archive-date length specified or same length as publication dates then
			len_a = len_p;														-- in case len_a not set
		end
	end																			-- else only publication dates and they are long

	for param_name, param_val in pairs (date_parameters_list) do				-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set (param_val.val) then											-- if the parameter has a value
			if not (not all and in_array (param_name, {'access-date', 'archive-date'})) then	-- skip access- or archive-date unless format is xxx-all; yeah, ugly; TODO: find a better way
				for pattern_idx, pattern in pairs (patterns_t) do
					if mw.ustring.match (param_val.val, pattern[1]) then
						if all and in_array (param_name, {'access-date', 'archive-date'}) then	-- if this date is an access- or archive-date
							new_date = reformatter (param_val.val, pattern_idx, (('y' == len_a) and 'ymd') or format, len_a);	-- choose ymd or dmy/mdy according to len_a setting
						else													-- all other dates
							new_date = reformatter (param_val.val, pattern_idx, format, len_p);
						end
						
						if new_date then										-- set when date was reformatted
							date_parameters_list[param_name].val = new_date;	-- update date in date list
							result = true;										-- and announce that changes have been made
							break;
						end
					end	-- if
				end		-- for
			end			-- if
		end				-- if
	end					-- for
	return result;																-- declare boolean result and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E _ H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H &gt;----------------------------------------

Loops through the list of date-holding parameters and converts any hyphen to an ndash.  Not called if the cs1|2
template has any date errors.

Modifies the date_parameters_list and returns true if hyphens are replaced, else returns false.

]]

local function date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list)
	local result = false;
	local n;
	for param_name, param_val in pairs(date_parameters_list) do					-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set (param_val.val) and
			not mw.ustring.match (param_val.val, patterns_t.ymd[1]) then		-- for those that are not ymd dates (ustring because here digits may not be Western)
				param_val.val, n = param_val.val:gsub ('%-', '–');				-- replace any hyphen with ndash
				if 0 ~= n then
					date_parameters_list[param_name].val = param_val.val;		-- update the list
					result = true;
				end
		end
	end
	return result;																-- so we know if any hyphens were replaced
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; D A T E _ N A M E _ X L A T E &gt;------------------------------------------------

Attempts to translate English date names to local-language date names using names supplied by MediaWiki's
date parser function.  This is simple name-for-name replacement and may not work for all languages.

if xlat_dig is true, this function will also translate Western (English) digits to the local language's digits.
This will also translate ymd dates.

]]

local function date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, xlt_dig)
	local xlate;
	local modified = false;
	local date;
	
	local sources_t = {
		{cfg.date_names.en.long, cfg.date_names.inv_local_long},				-- for translating long English month names to long local month names
		{cfg.date_names.en.short, cfg.date_names.inv_local_short},				-- short month names
		{cfg.date_names.en.quarter, cfg.date_names.inv_local_quarter},			-- quarter date names
		{cfg.date_names.en.season, cfg.date_names.inv_local_season},			-- season date nam
		{cfg.date_names.en.named, cfg.date_names.inv_local_named},				-- named dates
		}

	local function is_xlateable (month)											-- local function to get local date name that replaces existing English-language date name
		for _, date_names_t in ipairs (sources_t) do							-- for each sequence table in date_names_t
			if date_names_t[1][month] then										-- if date name is English month (long or short), quarter, season or named and
				if date_names_t[2][date_names_t[1][month]] then					-- if there is a matching local date name
					return date_names_t[2][date_names_t[1][month]];				-- return the local date name
				end
			end
		end
	end

	for param_name, param_val in pairs(date_parameters_list) do					-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set(param_val.val) then											-- if the parameter has a value
			date = param_val.val;
			for month in mw.ustring.gmatch (date, '[%a ]+') do					-- iterate through all date names in the date (single date or date range)
				month = mw.text.trim (month);									-- this because quarterly dates contain whitespace
				xlate = is_xlateable (month);									-- get translate &lt;month&gt;; returns translation or nil
				
				if xlate then		
					date = mw.ustring.gsub (date, month, xlate);				-- replace the English with the translation
					date_parameters_list[param_name].val = date;				-- save the translated date
					modified = true;
				end
			end

			if xlt_dig then														-- shall we also translate digits?
				date = date:gsub ('%d', cfg.date_names.xlate_digits);			-- translate digits from Western to 'local digits'
				date_parameters_list[param_name].val = date;					-- save the translated date
				modified = true;
			end
		end
	end
	
	return modified;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr)
	add_prop_cat = utilities_page_ptr.add_prop_cat ;							-- import functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module
	is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set;
	in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array;
	set_message = utilities_page_ptr.set_message;
	substitute = utilities_page_ptr.substitute;
	wrap_style = utilities_page_ptr.wrap_style;

	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;														-- import tables from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A R C H I V E _ D A T E _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------------------------

Compare value in |archive-date= with the timestamp in Wayback machine urls.  Emits an error message with suggested
date from the |archive-url= timestamp in an appropriate format when the value in |archive-date= does not match
the timestamp.

this function never called when any date in a cs1|2 template has errors

error message suggests new |archive-date= value in an appropriate format specified by &lt;df&gt;.  &lt;df&gt; is either 
|df= or cfg.global_df in that order.  If &lt;df&gt; is nil, suggested date has format from |archive-date=.  There is
a caveat: when |df=dmy or |df=mdy, the reformatter leaves |access-date= and |archive-date= formats as they are.
The error message suggested date is passed to the formatter as YYYY-MM-DD so when |df=dmy or |df=mdy, the format
is not changed.

]]

local function archive_date_check (archive_date, archive_url_timestamp, df)
	local archive_date_format = 'dmy-y';										-- holds the date format of date in |archive-date; default to ymd; 'dmy' used here to spoof reformat_dates() 
	
	for _, v_t in ipairs ({{'dMy', 'dmy-all'}, {'Mdy', 'mdy-all'}}) do			-- is |archive-date= format dmy or mdy?
		if archive_date:match (patterns_t[v_t[1]][1]) then						-- does the pattern match?
			archive_date_format = cfg.keywords_xlate[v_t[2]];					-- get appropriate |df= supported keyword from the i18n translator table
			break;
		end
	end
	
	local dates_t = {};
	dates_t['archive-date'] = {val=archive_date, name=''};						-- setup to call reformat_dates(); never called when errors so &lt;name&gt; unset as not needed
	reformat_dates (dates_t, 'dmy-y');											-- reformat |archive-date= to ymd; 'dmy' used here to spoof reformat_dates()
	local archive_url_date = archive_url_timestamp:gsub ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)%d*', '%1-%2-%3');	-- make ymd format date from timestamp

	if dates_t['archive-date'].val == archive_url_date then						-- are the two dates the same
		return;																	-- yes, done
	else
		dates_t['archive-date'] = {val=archive_url_date, name=''};				-- setup to call reformat_dates() with the timestamp date
		reformat_dates (dates_t, df or archive_date_format);					-- reformat timestamp to format specified by &lt;df&gt; or format used in |archive-date= 
		archive_url_date = dates_t['archive-date'].val;
		set_message ('err_archive_date_url_ts_mismatch', archive_url_date);		-- emit an error message
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {																		-- return exported functions
	archive_date_check = archive_date_check,
	date_hyphen_to_dash = date_hyphen_to_dash,
	date_name_xlate = date_name_xlate,
	dates = dates,
	is_valid_date = is_valid_date,
	reformat_dates = reformat_dates,
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules,
	year_check = year_check,
	year_date_check = year_date_check,
	}</text>
      <sha1>t2d5ocm3ym8yza0dgkl1tstgc2yr6dq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>40688</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339258</id>
      <parentid>258898</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:56:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Trappist the monk</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>synch from sandbox;</comment>
      <origin>339258</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="80249" sha1="5bj1u7sbno5vyrz0hztvhaip3uwhy2w" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, set_message, select_one,			-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
		substitute, make_wikilink;

local cfg;																		-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A G E   S C O P E   V A R I A B L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from other modules; that are created here and used here

]]

local auto_link_urls = {};														-- holds identifier URLs for those identifiers that can auto-link |title=


--============================&lt;&lt; H E L P E R   F U N C T I O N S &gt;&gt;============================================

--[[--------------------------&lt; W I K I D A T A _ A R T I C L E _ N A M E _ G E T &gt;----------------------------

as an aid to internationalizing identifier-label wikilinks, gets identifier article names from Wikidata.

returns w:&lt;lang code&gt;:&lt;article title&gt; when &lt;q&gt; has an &lt;article title&gt; for &lt;lang code&gt;; nil else. 'w:&lt;lang code&gt;'
ensures that sister project (like wiktionary) will link to the &lt;lang code&gt;.wikipedia article.

for identifiers that do not have &lt;q&gt;, returns nil

for wikis that do not have mw.wikibase installed, returns nil

]]

local function wikidata_article_name_get (q)
	if not is_set (q) or (q and not mw.wikibase) then							-- when no q number or when a q number but mw.wikibase not installed on this wiki
		return nil;																-- abandon
	end

	local wd_article;
	local this_wiki_code = cfg.this_wiki_code;									-- Wikipedia subdomain; 'en' for en.wikipedia.org

	wd_article = mw.wikibase.getSitelink (q, this_wiki_code .. 'wiki');			-- fetch article title from WD; nil when no title available at this wiki

	if wd_article then
		wd_article = table.concat ({'w:', this_wiki_code, ':', wd_article});	-- interwiki-style link without brackets if taken from WD; leading 'w:' required
	end

	return wd_article;															-- article title from WD; nil else
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L A B E L _ L I N K _ M A K E &gt;------------------------------------------------

common function to create a link for an identifier label from handler table or from Wikidata

returns the first available of:
	1. redirect from local wiki's handler table (if enabled)
	2. Wikidata sitelink to the local language wikipedia article (if there is a Wikidata entry for this identifier in the local language)
	3. link to wikipedia article specified in the local wiki's handler table
	
]]

local function label_link_make (handler)
	local wd_article;
	
	if not (cfg.use_identifier_redirects and is_set (handler.redirect)) then	-- redirect has priority so if enabled and available don't fetch from Wikidata because expensive
		wd_article = wikidata_article_name_get (handler.q);						-- if Wikidata has an article title for this wiki, get it;
	end
	
	return (cfg.use_identifier_redirects and is_set (handler.redirect) and handler.redirect) or wd_article or handler.link;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T E R N A L _ L I N K _ I D &gt;----------------------------------------------

Formats a wiki-style external link

]]

local function external_link_id (options)
	local url_string = options.id;
	local ext_link;
	
	if options.encode == true or options.encode == nil then
		url_string = mw.uri.encode (url_string, 'PATH');
	end

	if options.auto_link and is_set (options.access) then
		auto_link_urls[options.auto_link] = table.concat ({options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix});
	end

	ext_link = mw.ustring.format ('[%s%s%s %s]', options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix or &quot;&quot;, mw.text.nowiki (options.id));
	if is_set (options.access) then
		ext_link = substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[options.access].class, cfg.presentation[options.access].title, ext_link});	-- add the free-to-read / paywall lock
	end

	return table.concat	({
		make_wikilink (label_link_make (options), options.label),				-- redirect, Wikidata link, or locally specified link (in that order)
		options.separator or '&amp;nbsp;',
		ext_link
		});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N T E R N A L _ L I N K _ I D &gt;----------------------------------------------

Formats a wiki-style internal link

TODO: Does not currently need to support options.access, options.encode, auto-linking and COinS (as in external_link_id),
but may be needed in the future for :m:Interwiki_map custom-prefixes like :arxiv:, :bibcode:, :DOI:, :hdl:, :ISSN:,
:JSTOR:, :Openlibrary:, :PMID:, :RFC:.

]]

local function internal_link_id (options)
	local id = mw.ustring.gsub (options.id, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);	-- translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9

	return table.concat (
		{
		make_wikilink (label_link_make (options), options.label),				-- wiki-link the identifier label
		options.separator or '&amp;nbsp;',											-- add the separator
		make_wikilink (
			table.concat (
				{
				options.prefix,
				id,																-- translated to Western digits
				options.suffix or ''
				}),
			substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {'', mw.text.nowiki (options.id)})	-- bdi tags to prevent Latin script identifiers from being reversed at RTL language wikis
			);																	-- nowiki because MediaWiki still has magic links for ISBN and the like; TODO: is it really required?
		});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ E M B A R G O E D &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Determines if a PMC identifier's online version is embargoed. Compares the date in |pmc-embargo-date= against
today's date.  If embargo date is in the future, returns the content of |pmc-embargo-date=; otherwise, returns
an empty string because the embargo has expired or because |pmc-embargo-date= was not set in this cite.

]]

local function is_embargoed (embargo)
	if is_set (embargo) then
		local lang = mw.getContentLanguage();
		local good1, embargo_date, todays_date;
		good1, embargo_date = pcall (lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', embargo);
		todays_date = lang:formatDate ('U');
	
		if good1 then															-- if embargo date is a good date
			if tonumber (embargo_date) &gt;= tonumber (todays_date) then			-- is embargo date is in the future?
				return embargo;													-- still embargoed
			else
				set_message ('maint_pmc_embargo');								-- embargo has expired; add main cat
				return '';														-- unset because embargo has expired
			end
		end
	end
	return '';																	-- |pmc-embargo-date= not set return empty string
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ R X I V _ D A T E &gt;------------------------------------------

for biorxiv, returns true if:
	2019-12-11T00:00Z &lt;= biorxiv_date &lt; today + 2 days
for medrxiv, returns true if:
	2020-01-01T00:00Z &lt;= medrxiv_date &lt; today + 2 days
	
The dated form of biorxiv identifier has a start date of 2019-12-11.  The Unix timestamp for that date is {{#time:U|2019-12-11}} = 1576022400
The medrxiv identifier has a start date of 2020-01-01.  The Unix timestamp for that date is {{#time:U|2020-01-01}} = 1577836800

&lt;rxiv_date&gt; is the date provided in those |biorxiv= parameter values that are dated and in |medrxiv= parameter values at time 00:00:00 UTC
&lt;today&gt; is the current date at time 00:00:00 UTC plus 48 hours
	if today's date is 2023-01-01T00:00:00 then
		adding 24 hours gives 2023-01-02T00:00:00 – one second more than today
		adding 24 hours gives 2023-01-03T00:00:00 – one second more than tomorrow

inputs:
	&lt;y&gt;, &lt;m&gt;, &lt;d&gt; – year, month, day parts of the date from the birxiv or medrxiv identifier
	&lt;select&gt; 'b' for biorxiv, 'm' for medrxiv; defaults to 'b'

]=]

local function is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, select)
	if 0 == tonumber (m) and 12 &lt; tonumber (m) then								-- &lt;m&gt; must be a number 1–12
		return false;
	end
	if 0 == tonumber (d) and 31 &lt; tonumber (d) then								-- &lt;d&gt; must be a number 1–31; TODO: account for month length and leap yer?
		return false;
	end
	
	local rxiv_date = table.concat ({y, m, d}, '-');							-- make ymd date string
	local good1, good2;
	local rxiv_ts, tomorrow_ts;													-- to hold Unix timestamps representing the dates
	local lang_object = mw.getContentLanguage();

	good1, rxiv_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', rxiv_date);		-- convert rxiv_date value to Unix timestamp 
	good2, tomorrow_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', 'today + 2 days' );	-- today midnight + 2 days is one second more than all day tomorrow
	
	if good1 and good2 then														-- lang.formatDate() returns a timestamp in the local script which tonumber() may not understand
		rxiv_ts = tonumber (rxiv_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (rxiv_ts);	-- convert to numbers for the comparison;
		tomorrow_ts = tonumber (tomorrow_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (tomorrow_ts);
	else
		return false;															-- one or both failed to convert to Unix timestamp
	end

	local limit_ts = ((select and ('m' == select)) and 1577836800) or 1576022400;	-- choose the appropriate limit timesatmp

	return ((limit_ts &lt;= rxiv_ts) and (rxiv_ts &lt; tomorrow_ts))					-- limit_ts &lt;= rxiv_date &lt; tomorrow's date
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all ISBN/ISSN digits including the check digit.
ISBN-13 is checked in isbn().

If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, ISBN/ISSN must be checked for length
and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-ISxN characters.

]]

local function is_valid_isxn (isxn_str, len)
	local temp = 0;
	isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, len) };										-- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9' → 0x39, 'X' → 0x58
	len = len + 1;																-- adjust to be a loop counter
	for i, v in ipairs (isxn_str) do											-- loop through all of the bytes and calculate the checksum
		if v == string.byte (&quot;X&quot; ) then											-- if checkdigit is X (compares the byte value of 'X' which is 0x58)
			temp = temp + 10 * (len - i);										-- it represents 10 decimal
		else
			temp = temp + tonumber (string.char (v) )*(len-i);
		end
	end
	return temp % 11 == 0;														-- returns true if calculation result is zero
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N _ 1 3 &gt;-----------------------------------------------

ISBN-13 and ISMN validator code calculates checksum across all 13 ISBN/ISMN digits including the check digit.
If the number is valid, the result will be 0. Before calling this function, ISBN-13/ISMN must be checked for length
and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-ISxN-13 characters.

]]

local function is_valid_isxn_13 (isxn_str)
	local temp=0;
	
	isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, 13) };										-- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9' → 0x39
	for i, v in ipairs (isxn_str) do
		temp = temp + (3 - 2*(i % 2)) * tonumber (string.char (v) );			-- multiply odd index digits by 1, even index digits by 3 and sum; includes check digit
	end
	return temp % 10 == 0;														-- sum modulo 10 is zero when ISBN-13/ISMN is correct
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N O R M A L I Z E _ L C C N &gt;--------------------------------------------------

LCCN normalization (https://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn-namespace.html#normalization)
1. Remove all blanks.
2. If there is a forward slash (/) in the string, remove it, and remove all characters to the right of the forward slash.
3. If there is a hyphen in the string:
	a. Remove it.
	b. Inspect the substring following (to the right of) the (removed) hyphen. Then (and assuming that steps 1 and 2 have been carried out):
		1. All these characters should be digits, and there should be six or less. (not done in this function)
		2. If the length of the substring is less than 6, left-fill the substring with zeroes until the length is six.

Returns a normalized LCCN for lccn() to validate.  There is no error checking (step 3.b.1) performed in this function.

]]

local function normalize_lccn (lccn)
	lccn = lccn:gsub (&quot;%s&quot;, &quot;&quot;);												-- 1. strip whitespace

	if nil ~= string.find (lccn, '/') then
		lccn = lccn:match (&quot;(.-)/&quot;);											-- 2. remove forward slash and all character to the right of it
	end

	local prefix
	local suffix
	prefix, suffix = lccn:match (&quot;(.+)%-(.+)&quot;);									-- 3.a remove hyphen by splitting the string into prefix and suffix

	if nil ~= suffix then														-- if there was a hyphen
		suffix = string.rep(&quot;0&quot;, 6-string.len (suffix)) .. suffix;				-- 3.b.2 left fill the suffix with 0s if suffix length less than 6
		lccn = prefix..suffix;													-- reassemble the LCCN
	end
	
	return lccn;
end


--============================&lt;&lt; I D E N T I F I E R   F U N C T I O N S &gt;&gt;====================================

--[[--------------------------&lt; A R X I V &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

See: https://arxiv.org/help/arxiv_identifier

format and error check arXiv identifier.  There are three valid forms of the identifier:
the first form, valid only between date codes 9107 and 0703, is:
	arXiv:&lt;archive&gt;.&lt;class&gt;/&lt;date code&gt;&lt;number&gt;&lt;version&gt;
where:
	&lt;archive&gt; is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation
	&lt;class&gt; is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation; not the same as |class= parameter which is not supported in this form
	&lt;date code&gt; is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01
		first digit of YY for this form can only 9 and 0
	&lt;number&gt; is a three-digit number
	&lt;version&gt; is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces (undocumented)
	
the second form, valid from April 2007 through December 2014 is:
	arXiv:&lt;date code&gt;.&lt;number&gt;&lt;version&gt;
where:
	&lt;date code&gt; is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01
	&lt;number&gt; is a four-digit number
	&lt;version&gt; is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces

the third form, valid from January 2015 is:
	arXiv:&lt;date code&gt;.&lt;number&gt;&lt;version&gt;
where:
	&lt;date code&gt; and &lt;version&gt; are as defined for 0704-1412
	&lt;number&gt; is a five-digit number

]]

local function arxiv (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local class = options.Class;												-- TODO: lowercase?
	local handler = options.handler;
	local year, month;
	local err_msg = false;														-- assume no error message
	local text;																	-- output text
	
	if id:match(&quot;^%a[%a%.%-]+/[90]%d[01]%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%a[%a%.%-]+/[90]%d[01]%d%d%d%dv%d+$&quot;) then	-- test for the 9107-0703 format with or without version
		year, month = id:match(&quot;^%a[%a%.%-]+/([90]%d)([01]%d)%d%d%d[v%d]*$&quot;);
		year = tonumber (year);
		month = tonumber (month);
		if ((not (90 &lt; year or 8 &gt; year)) or (1 &gt; month or 12 &lt; month)) or		-- if invalid year or invalid month
			((91 == year and 7 &gt; month) or (7 == year and 3 &lt; month)) then		-- if years ok, are starting and ending months ok?
				err_msg = true;													-- flag for error message
		end

	elseif id:match(&quot;^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%dv%d+$&quot;) then	-- test for the 0704-1412 with or without version
		year, month = id:match(&quot;^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d[v%d]*$&quot;);
		year = tonumber (year);
		month = tonumber (month);
		if ((7 &gt; year) or (14 &lt; year) or (1 &gt; month or 12 &lt; month)) or			-- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years)
			((7 == year) and (4 &gt; month)) then									-- when year is 07, is month invalid (before April)?
				err_msg = true;													-- flag for error message
		end

	elseif id:match(&quot;^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$&quot;) then	-- test for the 1501- format with or without version
		year, month = id:match(&quot;^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d[v%d]*$&quot;);
		year = tonumber (year);
		month = tonumber (month);
		if ((15 &gt; year) or (1 &gt; month or 12 &lt; month)) then						-- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years)
			err_msg = true;														-- flag for error message
		end

	else
		err_msg = true;															-- not a recognized format; flag for error message
	end

	if err_msg then
		options.coins_list_t['ARXIV'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	if err_msg then
		set_message ('err_bad_arxiv');
	end

	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access});

	if is_set (class) then
		if id:match ('^%d+') then
			text = table.concat ({text, ' [[https://arxiv.org/archive/', class, ' ', class, ']]'});	-- external link within square brackets, not wikilink
		else
			set_message ('err_class_ignored');
		end
	else																		-- class not set
		if id:match ('^%d+') and options.CitationClass == 'arxiv' then			-- new (post 2007) format; {{cite arxiv}} only
			set_message ('maint_missing_class');								-- add maint cat
		end
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; B I B C O D E &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

Validates (sort of) and formats a bibcode ID.

Format for bibcodes is specified here: https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs_doc/help_pages/data.html#bibcodes

But, this: 2015arXiv151206696F is apparently valid so apparently, the only things that really matter are length, 19 characters
and first four digits must be a year.  This function makes these tests:
	length must be 19 characters
	characters in position
		1–4 must be digits and must represent a year in the range of 1000 – next year
		5 must be a letter
		6–8 must be letter, digit, ampersand, or dot (ampersand cannot directly precede a dot; &amp;. )
		9–18 must be letter, digit, or dot
		19 must be a letter or dot

]]

local function bibcode (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local ignore_invalid = options.accept;
	local err_type;
	local year;

	local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode,
		access = access});
	
	if 19 ~= id:len() then
		err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.length;
	else
		year = id:match (&quot;^(%d%d%d%d)[%a][%w&amp;%.][%w&amp;%.][%w&amp;%.][%w.]+[%a%.]$&quot;);
		if not year then														-- if nil then no pattern match
			err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.value;									-- so value error
		else
			local next_year = tonumber (os.date ('%Y')) + 1;					-- get the current year as a number and add one for next year
			year = tonumber (year);												-- convert year portion of bibcode to a number
			if (1000 &gt; year) or (year &gt; next_year) then
				err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.year;								-- year out of bounds
			end
			if id:find('&amp;%.') then
				err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.journal;							-- journal abbreviation must not have '&amp;.' (if it does it's missing a letter)
			end
			if id:match ('.........%.tmp%.') then								-- temporary bibcodes when positions 10–14 are '.tmp.'
				set_message ('maint_bibcode');
			end
		end
	end

	if is_set (err_type) and not ignore_invalid then							-- if there was an error detected and accept-as-written markup not used
		set_message ('err_bad_bibcode', {err_type});
		options.coins_list_t['BIBCODE'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; B I O R X I V &gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------

Format bioRxiv ID and do simple error checking.  Before 2019-12-11, biorXiv IDs were 10.1101/ followed by exactly
6 digits.  After 2019-12-11, biorXiv IDs retained the six-digit identifier but prefixed that with a yyyy.mm.dd. 
date and suffixed with an optional version identifier.

From December 2025 biorxiv added a new 'doi' prefix: 10.64898:
	10.64898/2025.12.10.693067

The bioRxiv ID is the string of characters:
	https://doi.org/10.1101/078733 -&gt; 10.1101/078733
or a date followed by a six-digit number followed by an optional version indicator 'v' and one or more digits:
	https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.123456v2 -&gt; 10.1101/2019.12.11.123456v2
	
see https://www.biorxiv.org/about-biorxiv

]]

local function biorxiv (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_msg = true;														-- flag; assume that there will be an error
	
	local patterns = {
		'^10%.1101/%d%d%d%d%d%d$',												-- simple 6-digit identifier (before 2019-12-11)
		'^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$',				-- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier + version (after 2019-12-11)
		'^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d$',					-- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier (after 2019-12-11)
		'^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$',				-- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier + version (from December 2025)
		'^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d$',					-- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier (from December 2025)
		}
	
	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- spin through the patterns looking for a match
		if id:match (pattern) then
			local y, m, d = id:match (pattern);									-- found a match, attempt to get year, month and date from the identifier

			if m then															-- m is nil when id is the six-digit form
				if not is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, 'b') then					-- validate the encoded date; 'b' for biorxiv limit
					break;														-- date fail; break out early so we don't unset the error message
				end
			end
			err_msg = nil;														-- we found a match so unset the error message
			break;																-- and done
		end
	end																			-- err_cat remains set here when no match

	if err_msg then
		options.coins_list_t['BIORXIV'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		set_message ('err_bad_biorxiv');										-- and set the error message
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator,
			encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E S E E R X &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

CiteSeerX use their own notion of &quot;doi&quot; (not to be confused with the identifiers resolved via doi.org).

The description of the structure of this identifier can be found at Help_talk:Citation_Style_1/Archive_26#CiteSeerX_id_structure

]]

local function citeseerx (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local matched;

	local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode,
		access = handler.access});
	
	matched = id:match (&quot;^10%.1%.1%.[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%.[1-9]%d?%d?%d?$&quot;);
	if not matched then
		set_message ('err_bad_citeseerx' );
		options.coins_list_t['CITESEERX'] = nil;								-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D O I &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

Formats a DOI and checks for DOI errors.

DOI names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash.
	Prefix: directory indicator '10.' followed by a registrant code
	Suffix: character string of any length chosen by the registrant

This function checks a DOI name for: prefix/suffix.  If the DOI name contains spaces or endashes, or, if it ends
with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_doi error message.

DOI names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for spaces, endash,
and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely
if ever used in DOI names.

https://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/2_Numbering.html				-- 2.2 Syntax of a DOI name
https://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/2_Numbering.html#2.2.2			-- 2.2.2 DOI prefix

]]

local function doi (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local inactive = options.DoiBroken
	local access = options.access;
	local ignore_invalid = options.accept;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_flag;																-- error flag for errors that may not be ignored
	local ignorable_err_flag;													-- error flag for ((ignorable)) errors

	local function is_extended_free (registrant, suffix)						-- local function to check those few registrants that are mixed; identifiable by the doi suffix &lt;incipit&gt;
		suffix = suffix:lower();												-- ascii [a-z] same as [A-Z] in doi names; see §3.4.4 Case Insensitivity of the Doi Name
		if cfg.extended_registrants_t[registrant] then							-- if this registrant has known free-to-read extentions
			for _, incipit in ipairs (cfg.extended_registrants_t[registrant]) do	-- loop through the registrant's incipits
				if mw.ustring.find (suffix, '^' .. incipit:lower()) then		-- ascii [a-z] same as [A-Z] in doi names
					return true;												-- if found done
				end
			end
		end
	end

	local text;
	if is_set (inactive) then
		local inactive_year = inactive:match(&quot;%d%d%d%d&quot;);						-- try to get the year portion from the inactive date
		local inactive_month, good;

		if is_set (inactive_year) then
			if 4 &lt; inactive:len() then											-- inactive date has more than just a year (could be anything)
				local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage();						-- get a language object for this wiki
				good, inactive_month = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'F', inactive);	-- try to get the month name from the inactive date
				if not good then
					inactive_month = nil;										-- something went wrong so make sure this is unset
				end
			end
		end																		-- otherwise, |doi-broken-date= has something but it isn't a date
		
		if is_set (inactive_year) and is_set (inactive_month) then
			set_message ('maint_doi_inactive_dated', {inactive_year, inactive_month, ' '});
		elseif is_set (inactive_year) then
			set_message ('maint_doi_inactive_dated', {inactive_year, '', ''});
		else
			set_message ('maint_doi_inactive');
		end
		inactive = substitute (cfg.messages['inactive'], inactive );
	end

	local registrant, suffix = mw.ustring.match (id, '^10%.([^/]+)/([^%s–]+)$');	-- registrant and suffix set when DOI has the proper basic form; both nil else

	if suffix then
		if suffix:match ('[%.,]$') then											-- |doi= has basic form but suffix has trailing dot or comma
			ignorable_err_flag = true;											-- set the flag so that we can emit an error message if not ignored
		end
	else																		-- here when |doi= does not have proper basic form
		err_flag = true;														-- set the non-ignorable error flag
		ignore_invalid = false;													-- unset because this error may not be ignored
	end

	local registrant_err_patterns = {											-- these patterns are for code ranges that are not supported 
		'^[^1-3]%d%d%d%d%.%d+$',												-- 5 digits with subcode (reject 0xxxx, 40000+); accepts: 10000–39999
		'^[^1-8]%d%d%d%d$',														-- 5 digits without subcode (reject 0xxxx, 90000+); accepts: 10000–89999
		'^[^1-9]%d%d%d%.%d+$',													-- 4 digits with subcode (reject 0xxx); accepts: 1000–9999
		'^[^1-9]%d%d%d$',														-- 4 digits without subcode (reject 0xxx); accepts: 1000–9999
		'^%d%d%d%d%d%d+',														-- 6 or more digits
		'^%d%d?%d?$',															-- less than 4 digits without subcode (3 digits with subcode is legitimate)
		'^%d%d?%.[%d%.]+',														-- 1 or 2 digits with subcode
		'^5555$',																-- test registrant will never resolve
		'[^%d%.]',																-- any character that isn't a digit or a dot
		}

	if not err_flag then														-- when DOI has proper form; &lt;err_flag&gt; is true when |doi= is malformed
		if not ignore_invalid then												-- when we're not ignoring errors
			if registrant then													-- when DOI has proper form
				for i, pattern in ipairs (registrant_err_patterns) do			-- spin through error patterns
					if registrant:match (pattern) then							-- to validate registrant codes
						ignorable_err_flag = true;								-- when found, mark this DOI as bad
						break;													-- and done
					end
				end
			end
	
		else																	-- here when ignoring invalid |doi= values
			ignorable_err_flag = false;											-- unset so we don't emit an error message for ignorable errors
			set_message ('maint_doi_ignore');									-- add maint message when doi is properly formatted
		end
	end

	if err_flag or ignorable_err_flag then
		set_message ('err_bad_doi');											-- invalid |doi= value; emit an error message
		options.coins_list_t['DOI'] = nil;										-- when in error, unset so |doi= value not included in COinS
	else																		-- here when doi has no errors or has been wrapped in accept-as-written markup
		suffix = mw.ustring.match (id, '^10%.[^/]+/(.+)');						-- refetch suffix because doi may have been wrapped in accept-as-written markup
		if not access and (cfg.known_free_doi_registrants_t[registrant] or is_extended_free (registrant, suffix)) then		-- |doi-access=free not set and &lt;registrant&gt; is known to be free
			set_message ('maint_doi_unflagged_free');							-- set a maint cat
		end
	end
	
	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access,
		auto_link = not (err_flag or is_set (inactive) or ignore_invalid) and 'doi' or nil -- do not auto-link when |doi-broken-date= has a value or when there is a DOI error or (to play it safe, after all, auto-linking is not essential) when invalid DOIs are ignored
		}) .. (inactive or '');

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H D L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

Formats an HDL with minor error checking.

HDL names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash.
	Prefix: character string using any character in the UCS-2 character set except '/'
	Suffix: character string of any length using any character in the UCS-2 character set chosen by the registrant

This function checks a HDL name for: prefix/suffix.  If the HDL name contains spaces, endashes, or, if it ends
with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_hdl error message.

HDL names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for endashes and
terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely
if ever used in HDLs.

Query string parameters are named here: https://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html.  query strings are not displayed
but since '?' is an allowed character in an HDL, '?' followed by one of the query parameters is the only way we
have to detect the query string so that it isn't URL-encoded with the rest of the identifier.

]]

local function hdl (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local query_params_t = {														-- list of known query parameters from https://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html
		'noredirect',
		'ignore_aliases',
		'auth',
		'cert',
		'index',
		'type',
		'urlappend',
		'locatt',
		'action',
		}
	
	local handle, suffix, param = id:match ('(.-)(%?(%a+).+)$');				-- look for query string
	local found;

	if handle then																-- when there are query strings, this is the handle identifier portion
		for _, q in ipairs (query_params_t) do									-- spin through the list of query parameters
			if param:match ('^' .. q) then										-- if the query string begins with one of the parameters
				found = true;													-- announce a find
				break;															-- and stop looking
			end
		end
	end

	if found then
		id = handle;															-- found so replace id with the handle portion; this will be URL-encoded, suffix will not
	else
		suffix = '';															-- make sure suffix is empty string for concatenation else
	end

	local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, suffix = suffix, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access})

	if nil == id:match(&quot;^[^%s–]-/[^%s–]-[^%.,]$&quot;) then							-- HDL must contain a forward slash, must not contain spaces, endashes, and must not end with period or comma
		set_message ('err_bad_hdl' );
		options.coins_list_t['HDL'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S B N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether an ISBN string is valid

]]

local function isbn (options_t)
	local isbn_str = options_t.id;
	local ignore_invalid = options_t.accept;
	local handler = options_t.handler;
	local year = options_t.Year;												-- when set, valid anchor_year; may have a disambiguator which must be removed

	local function return_result (check, err_type)								-- local function to handle the various returns
		local ISBN = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect,
						prefix = handler.prefix, id = isbn_str, separator = handler.separator});
		if ignore_invalid then													-- if ignoring ISBN errors
			set_message ('maint_isbn_ignore');									-- add a maint category even when there is no error
		else																	-- here when not ignoring
			if not check then													-- and there is an error
				options_t.coins_list_t['ISBN'] = nil;								-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
				set_message ('err_bad_isbn', err_type);							-- set an error message
				return ISBN;										 			-- return id text
			end
		end
		return ISBN;															-- return id text
	end

	if year and not ignore_invalid then											-- 
		year = year:match ('%d%d%d%d?');										-- strip disambiguator if present
		if year and (1965 &gt; tonumber(year)) then								-- &lt;year&gt; will be nil here when |year=n.d. or |year=nd
			set_message ('err_invalid_isbn_date');								-- set an error message
			return internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect,
					prefix = handler.prefix, id = isbn_str, separator = handler.separator});
		end
	end

	if nil ~= isbn_str:match ('[^%s-0-9X]') then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char);					-- fail if isbn_str contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X
	end

	local id = isbn_str:gsub ('[%s-]', '');										-- remove hyphens and whitespace

	local len = id:len();
 
	if len ~= 10 and len ~= 13 then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.length);					-- fail if incorrect length
	end

	if len == 10 then
		if id:match ('^%d*X?$') == nil then										-- fail if isbn_str has 'X' anywhere but last position
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.form);									
		end
		if not is_valid_isxn (id, 10) then										-- test isbn-10 for numerical validity
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.check);				-- fail if isbn-10 is not numerically valid
		end
		if id:find ('^63[01]') then												-- 630xxxxxxx and 631xxxxxxx are (apparently) not valid isbn group ids but are used by amazon as numeric identifiers (asin)
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.group);				-- fail if isbn-10 begins with 630/1
		end
		return return_result (true, cfg.err_msg_supl.check);					-- pass if isbn-10 is numerically valid
	else
		if id:match ('^%d+$') == nil then
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char);				-- fail if ISBN-13 is not all digits
		end
		if id:match ('^97[89]%d*$') == nil then
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.prefix);				-- fail when ISBN-13 does not begin with 978 or 979
		end
		if id:match ('^9790') then
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.group);				-- group identifier '0' is reserved to ISMN
		end
		return return_result (is_valid_isxn_13 (id), cfg.err_msg_supl.check);
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A S I N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Formats a link to Amazon.  Do simple error checking: ASIN must be mix of 10 numeric or uppercase alpha
characters.  If a mix, first character must be uppercase alpha; if all numeric, ASINs must be 10-digit
ISBN. If 10-digit ISBN, add a maintenance category so a bot or AWB script can replace |asin= with |isbn=.
Error message if not 10 characters, if not ISBN-10, if mixed and first character is a digit.

|asin=630....... and |asin=631....... are (apparently) not a legitimate ISBN though it checksums as one; these
do not cause this function to emit the maint_asin message

This function is positioned here because it calls isbn()

]]

local function asin (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local domain = options.ASINTLD;
	
	local err_flag = nil;														-- must be explicitly initialized

	if not id:match(&quot;^[%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u]$&quot;) then
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin');								-- ASIN is not a mix of 10 uppercase alpha and numeric characters
	else
		if id:match(&quot;^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[%dX]$&quot;) then							-- if 10-digit numeric (or 9 digits with terminal X)
			if is_valid_isxn (id, 10) then										-- see if ASIN value is or validates as ISBN-10
				if not id:find ('^63[01]') then									-- 630xxxxxxx and 631xxxxxxx are (apparently) not a valid isbn prefixes but are used by amazon as a numeric identifier
					err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin');					-- ASIN has ISBN-10 form but begins with something other than 630/1 so probably an isbn 
				end
			elseif not is_set (err_flag) then
				err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin');						-- ASIN is not ISBN-10
			end
		elseif not id:match(&quot;^%u[%d%u]+$&quot;) then
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin');							-- asin doesn't begin with uppercase alpha
		end
	end
	if (not is_set (domain)) or in_array (domain, {'us'}) then					-- default: United States
		domain = &quot;com&quot;;
	elseif in_array (domain, {'jp', 'uk', 'za'}) then							-- Japan, United Kingdom, South Africa
		domain = &quot;co.&quot; .. domain;
	elseif in_array (domain, {'z.cn'}) then 									-- China
		domain = &quot;cn&quot;;
	elseif in_array (domain, {'au', 'be', 'br', 'mx', 'sg', 'tr'}) then			-- Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Mexico, Singapore, Turkey
		domain = &quot;com.&quot; .. domain;
	elseif not in_array (domain, {'ae', 'ca', 'cn', 'de', 'eg', 'es', 'fr', 'ie', 'in', 'it', 'nl', 'pl', 'sa', 'se', 'co.jp', 'co.uk', 'com', 'com.au', 'com.br', 'com.mx', 'com.sg', 'com.tr'}) then -- Arabic Emirates, Canada, China, Germany, Egypt, Spain, France, Ireland, Indonesia, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Sweden (as of 2021-03 Austria (.at), Liechtenstein (.li) and Switzerland (.ch) still redirect to the German site (.de) with special settings, so don't maintain local ASINs for them)
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin_tld');							-- unsupported asin-tld value
	end
	local handler = options.handler;

	if not is_set (err_flag) then
		options.coins_list_t['ASIN'] = handler.prefix .. domain .. &quot;/dp/&quot; .. id;	-- asin for coins
	else
		options.coins_list_t['ASIN'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix .. domain .. &quot;/dp/&quot;,
		id = id, encode = handler.encode, separator = handler.separator})
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S M N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether an ISMN string is valid.  Similar to ISBN-13, ISMN is 13 digits beginning 979-0-... and uses the
same check digit calculations.  See https://www.ismn-international.org/download/Web_ISMN_Users_Manual_2008-6.pdf
section 2, pages 9–12.

ismn value not made part of COinS metadata because we don't have a url or isn't a COinS-defined identifier (rft.xxx)
or an identifier registered at info-uri.info (info:)

]]

local function ismn (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local text;
	local valid_ismn;
	local id_copy;

	id_copy = id;																-- save a copy because this testing is destructive
	id = id:gsub ('[%s-]', '');													-- remove hyphens and white space

	if 13 ~= id:len() or id:match (&quot;^9790%d*$&quot; ) == nil then					-- ISMN must be 13 digits and begin with 9790
		valid_ismn = false;
	else
		valid_ismn=is_valid_isxn_13 (id);										-- validate ISMN
	end

	--	text = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,		-- use this (or external version) when there is some place to link to
	--		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id_copy, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode})

	text = table.concat (														-- because no place to link to yet
		{
		make_wikilink (label_link_make (handler), handler.label),
		handler.separator,
		id_copy
		});

	if false == valid_ismn then
		options.coins_list_t['ISMN'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS; not really necessary here because ismn not made part of COinS
		set_message ('err_bad_ismn');											-- create an error message if the ISMN is invalid
	end 
	
	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S S N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Validate and format an ISSN.  This code fixes the case where an editor has included an ISSN in the citation but
has separated the two groups of four digits with a space.  When that condition occurred, the resulting link looked
like this:

	|issn=0819 4327 gives: [https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0819 4327 0819 4327]	-- can't have spaces in an external link
	
This code now prevents that by inserting a hyphen at the ISSN midpoint.  It also validates the ISSN for length
and makes sure that the checkdigit agrees with the calculated value.  Incorrect length (8 digits), characters
other than 0-9 and X, or checkdigit / calculated value mismatch will all cause a check ISSN error message.  The
ISSN is always displayed with a hyphen, even if the ISSN was given as a single group of 8 digits.

]]

local function issn (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local ignore_invalid = options.accept;

	local issn_copy = id;														-- save a copy of unadulterated ISSN; use this version for display if ISSN does not validate
	local text;
	local valid_issn;

	id = id:gsub ('[%s-]', '');													-- remove hyphens and whitespace

	if 8 ~= id:len() or nil == id:match (&quot;^%d*X?$&quot; ) then						-- validate the ISSN: 8 digits long, containing only 0-9 or X in the last position
		valid_issn = false;														-- wrong length or improper character
	else
		valid_issn = is_valid_isxn (id, 8);										-- validate ISSN
	end

	if true == valid_issn then
		id = string.sub (id, 1, 4 ) .. &quot;-&quot; .. string.sub (id, 5 );				-- if valid, display correctly formatted version
	else
		id = issn_copy;															-- if not valid, show the invalid ISSN with error message
	end

	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode})

	if ignore_invalid then
		set_message ('maint_issn_ignore');
	else
		if false == valid_issn then
			options.coins_list_t['ISSN'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
			set_message ('err_bad_issn', (options.hkey == 'EISSN') and 'e' or '');	-- create an error message if the ISSN is invalid
		end 
	end
	
	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; J F M &gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------------

A numerical identifier in the form nn.nnnn.nn

]]

local function jfm (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local id_num;

	id_num = id:match ('^[Jj][Ff][Mm](.*)$');									-- identifier with jfm prefix; extract identifier

	if is_set (id_num) then
		set_message ('maint_jfm_format');
	else																		-- plain number without JFM prefix
		id_num = id;															-- if here id does not have prefix
	end

	if id_num and id_num:match('^%d%d%.%d%d%d%d%.%d%d$') then
		id = id_num;															-- jfm matches pattern
	else
		set_message ('err_bad_jfm' );											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['JFM'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; J S T O R &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

Format a JSTOR with some error checking

]]

local function jstor (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:find ('[Jj][Ss][Tt][Oo][Rr]') or id:find ('^https?://') or id:find ('%s') then
		set_message ('err_bad_jstor');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['JSTOR'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L C C N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Format LCCN link and do simple error checking.  LCCN is a character string 8-12 characters long. The length of
the LCCN dictates the character type of the first 1-3 characters; the rightmost eight are always digits.
https://oclc-research.github.io/infoURI-Frozen/info-uri.info/info:lccn/reg.html

length = 8 then all digits
length = 9 then lccn[1] is lowercase alpha
length = 10 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both lowercase alpha or both digits
length = 11 then lccn[1] is lower case alpha, lccn[2] and lccn[3] are both lowercase alpha or both digits
length = 12 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both lowercase alpha

]]

local function lccn (options)
	local id = options.id;														-- local copy of the LCCN
	local lccn_id = id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_flag;																-- presume that LCCN is valid

	id = normalize_lccn (id);													-- get canonical form (no whitespace, hyphens, forward slashes)
	local len = id:len();														-- get the length of the LCCN

	if 8 == len then
		if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then												-- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits)
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');							-- set an error message
		end
	elseif 9 == len then														-- LCCN should be adddddddd
		if nil == id:match(&quot;%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) then							-- does it match our pattern?
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');							-- set an error message
		end
	elseif 10 == len then														-- LCCN should be aadddddddd or dddddddddd
		if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then												-- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) ...
			if nil == id:match(&quot;^%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) then					-- ... see if it matches our pattern
				err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');						-- no match, set an error message
			end
		end
	elseif 11 == len then														-- LCCN should be aaadddddddd or adddddddddd
		if not (id:match(&quot;^%l%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;)) then	-- see if it matches one of our patterns
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');							-- no match, set an error message
		end
	elseif 12 == len then														-- LCCN should be aadddddddddd
		if not id:match(&quot;^%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) then						-- see if it matches our pattern
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');							-- no match, set an error message
		end
	else
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');								-- wrong length, set an error message
	end

	if not is_set (err_flag) and nil ~= lccn_id:find ('%s') then
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');								-- lccn contains a space, set an error message
	end

	if is_set (err_flag) then
		options.coins_list_t['LCCN'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = lccn_id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M E D R X I V &gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------

Format medRxiv ID and do simple error checking.  Similar to later bioRxiv IDs, medRxiv IDs are prefixed with a
yyyy.mm.dd. date and suffixed with an optional version identifier.  Ealiest date accepted is 2020.01.01

The medRxiv ID is a date followed by an eight-digit number followed by an optional version indicator 'v' and one or more digits:
	https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.20232009v2 -&gt; 10.1101/2020.11.16.20232009v2

]]

local function medrxiv (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_msg_flag = true;													-- flag; assume that there will be an error

	local patterns = {
		'^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$',													-- simple 8-digit identifier; these should be relatively rare
		'^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$',			-- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier + version (2020-01-01 and later)
		'^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$',				-- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier (2020-01-01 and later)
		'^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$',			-- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier + version (2025-12-01 and later)
		'^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$',				-- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier (2025-12-01 and later)
		}
	
	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- spin through the patterns looking for a match
		if id:match (pattern) then
			local y, m, d = id:match (pattern);									-- found a match, attempt to get year, month and date from the identifier

			if m then															-- m is nil when id is the 8-digit form
				if not is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, 'b') then					-- validate the encoded date; 'b' for medrxiv limit
					break;														-- date fail; break out early so we don't unset the error message
				end
			end
			err_msg_flag = nil;													-- we found a match so unset the error message
			break;																-- and done
		end
	end																			-- &lt;err_msg_flag&gt; remains set here when no match

	if err_msg_flag then
		options.coins_list_t['MEDRXIV'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		set_message ('err_bad_medrxiv');										-- and set the error message
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator,
			encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M R &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------

A seven digit number; if not seven digits, zero-fill leading digits to make seven digits.

]]

local function mr (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local id_num;
	local id_len;

	id_num = id:match ('^[Mm][Rr](%d+)$');										-- identifier with mr prefix

	if is_set (id_num) then
		set_message ('maint_mr_format');										-- add maint cat
	else																		-- plain number without mr prefix
		id_num = id:match ('^%d+$');											-- if here id is all digits
	end

	id_len = id_num and id_num:len() or 0;
	if (7 &gt;= id_len) and (0 ~= id_len) then
		id = string.rep ('0', 7-id_len) .. id_num;								-- zero-fill leading digits
	else
		set_message ('err_bad_mr');												-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['MR'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; O C L C &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Validate and format an OCLC ID.  https://www.oclc.org/batchload/controlnumber.en.html {{dead link}}
archived at: https://web.archive.org/web/20161228233804/https://www.oclc.org/batchload/controlnumber.en.html

]]

local function oclc (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local number;

	if id:match('^ocm%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then									-- ocm prefix and 8 digits; 001 field (12 characters)
		number = id:match('ocm(%d+)');											-- get the number
	elseif id:match('^ocn%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then								-- ocn prefix and 9 digits; 001 field (12 characters)
		number = id:match('ocn(%d+)');											-- get the number
	elseif id:match('^on%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d+$') then							-- on prefix and 10 or more digits; 001 field (12 characters)
		number = id:match('^on(%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d+)$');						-- get the number
	elseif id:match('^%(OCoLC%)[1-9]%d*$') then									-- (OCoLC) prefix and variable number digits; no leading zeros; 035 field
		number = id:match('%(OCoLC%)([1-9]%d*)');								-- get the number
		if 9 &lt; number:len() then
			number = nil;														-- constrain to 1 to 9 digits; change this when OCLC issues 10-digit numbers
		end
	elseif id:match('^%d+$') then												-- no prefix
		number = id;															-- get the number
		if tonumber (id) &gt; handler.id_limit then
			number = nil;														-- unset when id value exceeds the limit
		end
	end

	if number then																-- proper format
		id = number;															-- exclude prefix, if any, from external link
	else
		set_message ('err_bad_oclc')											-- add an error message if the id is malformed
		options.coins_list_t['OCLC'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; O P E N L I B R A R Y &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Formats an OpenLibrary link, and checks for associated errors.

]]

local function openlibrary (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local ident, code = id:gsub('^OL', ''):match(&quot;^(%d+([AMW]))$&quot;);				-- strip optional OL prefix followed immediately by digits followed by 'A', 'M', or 'W';
	local err_flag;
	local prefix = {															-- these are appended to the handler.prefix according to code
		['A']='authors/OL',
		['M']='books/OL',
		['W']='works/OL',
		['X']='OL'																-- not a code; spoof when 'code' in id is invalid
		};

	if not ident then
		code = 'X';																-- no code or id completely invalid
		ident = id;																-- copy id to ident so that we display the flawed identifier
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_ol');
	end

	if not is_set (err_flag) then
		options.coins_list_t['OL'] = handler.prefix .. prefix[code] .. ident;	-- experiment for ol coins
	else
		options.coins_list_t['OL'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix .. prefix[code],
		id = ident, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode,
		access = access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; O S T I &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Format OSTI and do simple error checking. OSTIs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This
code checks the OSTI to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit specified in the configuration;
the value in test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more OSTIs are issued.

NB. 1018 is the lowest OSTI number found in the wild (so far) and resolving OK on the OSTI site

]]

local function osti (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then													-- if OSTI has anything but digits
		set_message ('err_bad_osti');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['OSTI'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	else																		-- OSTI is only digits
		local id_num = tonumber (id);											-- convert id to a number for range testing
		if 1018 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then						-- if OSTI is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_osti');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['OSTI'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P M C &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

Format a PMC, do simple error checking, and check for embargoed articles.

The embargo parameter takes a date for a value. If the embargo date is in the future the PMC identifier will not
be linked to the article.  If the embargo date is today or in the past, or if it is empty or omitted, then the
PMC identifier is linked to the article through the link at cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix.

PMC embargo date testing is done in function is_embargoed () which is called earlier because when the citation
has |pmc=&lt;value&gt; but does not have a |url= then |title= is linked with the PMC link.  Function is_embargoed ()
returns the embargo date if the PMC article is still embargoed, otherwise it returns an empty string.

PMCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This code checks the PMC to see that it contains only digits and is less
than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMCs are issued.

]]

local function pmc (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local embargo = options.Embargo;											-- TODO: lowercase?
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_flag;
	local id_num;
	local text;

	id_num = id:match ('^[Pp][Mm][Cc](%d+)$');									-- identifier with PMC prefix

	if is_set (id_num) then
		set_message ('maint_pmc_format');
	else																		-- plain number without PMC prefix
		id_num = id:match ('^%d+$');											-- if here id is all digits
	end

	if is_set (id_num) then														-- id_num has a value so test it
		id_num = tonumber (id_num);												-- convert id_num to a number for range testing
		if 1 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then							-- if PMC is outside test limit boundaries
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_pmc');								-- set an error message
		else
			id = tostring (id_num);												-- make sure id is a string
		end
	else																		-- when id format incorrect
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_pmc');									-- set an error message
	end
	
	if is_set (embargo) and is_set (is_embargoed (embargo)) then				-- is PMC is still embargoed?
		text = table.concat (													-- still embargoed so no external link
			{
			make_wikilink (label_link_make (handler), handler.label),
			handler.separator,
			id,
			});
	else
		text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,	-- no embargo date or embargo has expired, ok to link to article
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access,
			auto_link = not err_flag and 'pmc' or nil							-- do not auto-link when PMC has error
			});
	end

	if err_flag then
		options.coins_list_t['PMC'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P M I D &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Format PMID and do simple error checking.  PMIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This
code checks the PMID to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable
test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMIDs are issued.

]]

local function pmid (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then													-- if PMID has anything but digits
		set_message ('err_bad_pmid');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['PMID'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	else																		-- PMID is only digits
		local id_num = tonumber (id);											-- convert id to a number for range testing
		if 1 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then							-- if PMID is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_pmid');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['PMID'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R F C &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

Format RFC and do simple error checking. RFCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This
code checks the RFC to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit specified in the configuration;
the value in test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more RFCs are issued.

An index of all RFCs is here: https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/

]]

local function rfc (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then													-- if RFC has anything but digits
		set_message ('err_bad_rfc');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['RFC'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	else																		-- RFC is only digits
		local id_num = tonumber (id);											-- convert id to a number for range testing
		if 1 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then							-- if RFC is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_rfc');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['RFC'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S 2 C I D &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

Format an S2CID, do simple error checking

S2CIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This code checks the S2CID to see that it is only
digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically
as more S2CIDs are issued.

]]

local function s2cid (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local id_num;
	local text;
	
	id_num = id:match ('^[1-9]%d*$');											-- id must be all digits; must not begin with 0; no open access flag

 	if is_set (id_num) then														-- id_num has a value so test it
		id_num = tonumber (id_num);												-- convert id_num to a number for range testing
		if handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then										-- if S2CID is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_s2cid');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['S2CID'] = nil;								-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	else																		-- when id format incorrect
		set_message ('err_bad_s2cid');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['S2CID'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access});

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S B N &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

9-digit form of ISBN-10; uses same check-digit validation when SBN is prefixed with an additional '0' to make 10 digits

sbn value not made part of COinS metadata because we don't have a url or isn't a COinS-defined identifier (rft.xxx)
or an identifier registered at info-uri.info (info:)

]]

local function sbn (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local ignore_invalid = options.accept;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local function return_result (check, err_type)								-- local function to handle the various returns
		local SBN = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect,
						prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator});
		if not ignore_invalid then												-- if not ignoring SBN errors
			if not check then
				options.coins_list_t['SBN'] = nil;								-- when error, unset so not included in COinS; not really necessary here because sbn not made part of COinS
				set_message ('err_bad_sbn', {err_type});						-- display an error message
				return SBN; 
			end
		else
			set_message ('maint_isbn_ignore');									-- add a maint category even when there is no error (ToDo: Possibly switch to separate message for SBNs only)
		end
		return SBN;
	end

	if id:match ('[^%s-0-9X]') then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char);					-- fail if SBN contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X
	end

	local ident = id:gsub ('[%s-]', '');										-- remove hyphens and whitespace; they interfere with the rest of the tests

	if  9 ~= ident:len() then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.length);					-- fail if incorrect length
	end

	if ident:match ('^%d*X?$') == nil then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.form);					-- fail if SBN has 'X' anywhere but last position
	end

	return return_result (is_valid_isxn ('0' .. ident, 10), cfg.err_msg_supl.check);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S S R N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Format an SSRN, do simple error checking

SSRNs are sequential numbers beginning at 100? and counting up.  This code checks the SSRN to see that it is
only digits and is greater than 99 and less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need
to be updated periodically as more SSRNs are issued.

]]

local function ssrn (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local id_num;
	local text;
	
	id_num = id:match ('^%d+$');												-- id must be all digits

	if is_set (id_num) then														-- id_num has a value so test it
		id_num = tonumber (id_num);												-- convert id_num to a number for range testing
		if 100 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then						-- if SSRN is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_ssrn');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['SSRN'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	else																		-- when id format incorrect
		set_message ('err_bad_ssrn');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['SSRN'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = options.access});

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; U S E N E T _ I D &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Validate and format a usenet message id.  Simple error checking, looks for 'id-left@id-right' not enclosed in
'&lt;' and/or '&gt;' angle brackets.

]]

local function usenet_id (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;

	local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode})
 
	if not id:match('^.+@.+$') or not id:match('^[^&lt;].*[^&gt;]$') then				-- doesn't have '@' or has one or first or last character is '&lt; or '&gt;'
		set_message ('err_bad_usenet_id')										-- add an error message if the message id is invalid
		options.coins_list_t['USENETID'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end 
	
	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; Z B L &gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------------

A numerical identifier in the form nnnn.nnnnn - leading zeros in the first quartet optional

format described here: http://emis.mi.sanu.ac.rs/ZMATH/zmath/en/help/search/

temporary format is apparently eight digits.  Anything else is an error

]]

local function zbl (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:match('^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then										-- is this identifier using temporary format?
		set_message ('maint_zbl');												-- yes, add maint cat
	elseif not id:match('^%d?%d?%d?%d%.%d%d%d%d%d$') then						-- not temporary, is it normal format?
		set_message ('err_bad_zbl');											-- no, set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['ZBL'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--============================&lt;&lt; I N T E R F A C E   F U N C T I O N S &gt;&gt;==========================================

--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T R A C T _ I D S &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Populates ID table from arguments using configuration settings. Loops through cfg.id_handlers and searches args for
any of the parameters listed in each cfg.id_handlers['...'].parameters.  If found, adds the parameter and value to
the identifier list.  Emits redundant error message if more than one alias exists in args

]]

local function extract_ids (args)
	local id_list = {};															-- list of identifiers found in args
	for k, v in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do										-- k is uppercase identifier name as index to cfg.id_handlers; e.g. cfg.id_handlers['ISBN'], v is a table
		v = select_one (args, v.parameters, 'err_redundant_parameters' );		-- v.parameters is a table of aliases for k; here we pick one from args if present
		if is_set (v) then id_list[k] = v; end									-- if found in args, add identifier to our list
	end
	return id_list;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T R A C T _ I D _ A C C E S S _ L E V E L S &gt;--------------------------------------

Fetches custom id access levels from arguments using configuration settings. Parameters which have a predefined access
level (e.g. arxiv) do not use this function as they are directly rendered as free without using an additional parameter.

returns a table of k/v pairs where k is same as the identifier's key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned (valid) keyword

access-level values must match the case used in cfg.keywords_lists['id-access'] (lowercase unless there is some special reason for something else)

]]

local function extract_id_access_levels (args, id_list)
	local id_accesses_list = {};
	for k, v in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do
		local access_param = v.custom_access;									-- name of identifier's access-level parameter
		if is_set (access_param) then
			local access_level = args[access_param];							-- get the assigned value if there is one
			if is_set (access_level) then
				if not in_array (access_level, cfg.keywords_lists['id-access']) then	-- exact match required
					set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {access_param, access_level});	
					access_level = nil;											-- invalid so unset
				end
				if not is_set (id_list[k]) then									-- identifier access-level must have a matching identifier
					set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {k:lower()});	-- parameter name is uppercase in cfg.id_handlers (k); lowercase for error message
				end
				id_accesses_list[k] = cfg.keywords_xlate[access_level];			-- get translated keyword
			end
		end
	end
	return id_accesses_list;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; B U I L D _ I D _ L I S T &gt;----------------------------------------------------

render the identifiers into a sorted sequence table

&lt;ID_list_coins_t&gt; is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value
&lt;options_t&gt; is a table of various k/v option pairs provided in the call to new_build_id_list();
	modified by	this function and passed to all identifier rendering functions
&lt;access_levels_t&gt; is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value (if valid)

returns a sequence table of sorted (by hkey - 'handler' key) rendered identifier strings

]]

local function build_id_list (ID_list_coins_t, options_t, access_levels_t)
	local ID_list_t = {};
	local accept;
	local func_map = {															--function map points to functions associated with hkey identifier
		['ARXIV'] = arxiv,
		['ASIN'] = asin,
		['BIBCODE'] = bibcode,
		['BIORXIV'] = biorxiv,
		['CITESEERX'] = citeseerx,
		['DOI'] = doi,
		['EISSN'] = issn,
		['HDL'] = hdl,
		['ISBN'] = isbn,
		['ISMN'] = ismn,
		['ISSN'] = issn,
		['JFM'] = jfm,
		['JSTOR'] = jstor,
		['LCCN'] = lccn,
		['MEDRXIV'] = medrxiv,
		['MR'] = mr,
		['OCLC'] = oclc,
		['OL'] = openlibrary,
		['OSTI'] = osti,
		['PMC'] = pmc,
		['PMID'] = pmid,
		['RFC']  = rfc,
		['S2CID'] = s2cid,
		['SBN'] = sbn,
		['SSRN'] = ssrn,
		['USENETID'] = usenet_id,
		['ZBL'] = zbl,
		}

	for hkey, v in pairs (ID_list_coins_t) do
		v, accept = has_accept_as_written (v);									-- remove accept-as-written markup if present; accept is boolean true when markup removed; false else
																				-- every function gets the options table with value v and accept boolean
		options_t.hkey = hkey;													-- ~/Configuration handler key
		options_t.id = v;														-- add that identifier value to the options table
		options_t.accept = accept;												-- add the accept boolean flag
		options_t.access = access_levels_t[hkey];								-- add the access level for those that have an |&lt;identifier-access= parameter
		options_t.handler = cfg.id_handlers[hkey];
		options_t.coins_list_t = ID_list_coins_t;								-- pointer to ID_list_coins_t; for |asin= and |ol=; also to keep erroneous values out of the citation's metadata
		options_t.coins_list_t[hkey] = v;										-- id value without accept-as-written markup for metadata
		
		if options_t.handler.access and not in_array (options_t.handler.access, cfg.keywords_lists['id-access']) then
			error (cfg.messages['unknown_ID_access'] .. options_t.handler.access);	-- here when handler access key set to a value not listed in list of allowed id access keywords
		end

		if func_map[hkey] then
			local id_text = func_map[hkey] (options_t);							-- call the function to get identifier text and any error message
			table.insert (ID_list_t, {hkey, id_text});							-- add identifier text to the output sequence table
		else
			error (cfg.messages['unknown_ID_key'] .. hkey);						-- here when func_map doesn't have a function for hkey
		end
	end

	local function comp (a, b)													-- used by following table.sort()
		return a[1]:lower() &lt; b[1]:lower();										-- sort by hkey
	end

	table.sort (ID_list_t, comp);												-- sequence table of tables sort	
	for k, v in ipairs (ID_list_t) do											-- convert sequence table of tables to simple sequence table of strings
		ID_list_t[k] = v[2];													-- v[2] is the identifier rendering from the call to the various functions in func_map{}
	end
	
	return ID_list_t;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; O P T I O N S _ C H E C K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

check that certain option parameters have their associated identifier parameters with values

&lt;ID_list_coins_t&gt; is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value
&lt;ID_support_t&gt; is a sequence table of tables created in citation0() where each subtable has four elements:
	[1] is the support parameter's assigned value; empty string if not set
	[2] is a text string same as key in cfg.id_handlers
	[3] is cfg.error_conditions key used to create error message
	[4] is original ID support parameter name used to create error message
	
returns nothing; on error emits an appropriate error message

]]

local function options_check (ID_list_coins_t, ID_support_t)
	for _, v in ipairs (ID_support_t) do
		if is_set (v[1]) and not ID_list_coins_t[v[2]] then						-- when support parameter has a value but matching identifier parameter is missing or empty
			set_message (v[3], (v[4]));											-- emit the appropriate error message
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I D E N T I F I E R _ L I S T S _ G E T &gt;--------------------------------------

Creates two identifier lists: a k/v table of identifiers and their values to be used locally and for use in the
COinS metadata, and a sequence table of the rendered identifier strings that will be included in the rendered
citation.

]]

local function identifier_lists_get (args_t, options_t, ID_support_t)
	local ID_list_coins_t = extract_ids (args_t);										-- get a table of identifiers and their values for use locally and for use in COinS
	options_check (ID_list_coins_t, ID_support_t);										-- ID support parameters must have matching identifier parameters 
	local ID_access_levels_t = extract_id_access_levels (args_t, ID_list_coins_t);		-- get a table of identifier access levels
	local ID_list_t = build_id_list (ID_list_coins_t, options_t, ID_access_levels_t);	-- get a sequence table of rendered identifier strings

	return ID_list_t, ID_list_coins_t;											-- return the tables
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local cfg table and imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr)
	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;

	has_accept_as_written = utilities_page_ptr.has_accept_as_written;			-- import functions from select Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module
	is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set;								
	in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array;
	set_message = utilities_page_ptr.set_message;
	select_one = utilities_page_ptr.select_one;
	substitute = utilities_page_ptr.substitute;
	make_wikilink = utilities_page_ptr.make_wikilink;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	auto_link_urls = auto_link_urls,											-- table of identifier URLs to be used when auto-linking |title=
	
	identifier_lists_get = identifier_lists_get,								-- experiment to replace individual calls to build_id_list(), extract_ids, extract_id_access_levels
	is_embargoed = is_embargoed;
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules;
	}</text>
      <sha1>5bj1u7sbno5vyrz0hztvhaip3uwhy2w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339259</id>
      <parentid>339258</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339258</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="80249" sha1="5bj1u7sbno5vyrz0hztvhaip3uwhy2w" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, set_message, select_one,			-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
		substitute, make_wikilink;

local cfg;																		-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A G E   S C O P E   V A R I A B L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from other modules; that are created here and used here

]]

local auto_link_urls = {};														-- holds identifier URLs for those identifiers that can auto-link |title=


--============================&lt;&lt; H E L P E R   F U N C T I O N S &gt;&gt;============================================

--[[--------------------------&lt; W I K I D A T A _ A R T I C L E _ N A M E _ G E T &gt;----------------------------

as an aid to internationalizing identifier-label wikilinks, gets identifier article names from Wikidata.

returns w:&lt;lang code&gt;:&lt;article title&gt; when &lt;q&gt; has an &lt;article title&gt; for &lt;lang code&gt;; nil else. 'w:&lt;lang code&gt;'
ensures that sister project (like wiktionary) will link to the &lt;lang code&gt;.wikipedia article.

for identifiers that do not have &lt;q&gt;, returns nil

for wikis that do not have mw.wikibase installed, returns nil

]]

local function wikidata_article_name_get (q)
	if not is_set (q) or (q and not mw.wikibase) then							-- when no q number or when a q number but mw.wikibase not installed on this wiki
		return nil;																-- abandon
	end

	local wd_article;
	local this_wiki_code = cfg.this_wiki_code;									-- Wikipedia subdomain; 'en' for en.wikipedia.org

	wd_article = mw.wikibase.getSitelink (q, this_wiki_code .. 'wiki');			-- fetch article title from WD; nil when no title available at this wiki

	if wd_article then
		wd_article = table.concat ({'w:', this_wiki_code, ':', wd_article});	-- interwiki-style link without brackets if taken from WD; leading 'w:' required
	end

	return wd_article;															-- article title from WD; nil else
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L A B E L _ L I N K _ M A K E &gt;------------------------------------------------

common function to create a link for an identifier label from handler table or from Wikidata

returns the first available of:
	1. redirect from local wiki's handler table (if enabled)
	2. Wikidata sitelink to the local language wikipedia article (if there is a Wikidata entry for this identifier in the local language)
	3. link to wikipedia article specified in the local wiki's handler table
	
]]

local function label_link_make (handler)
	local wd_article;
	
	if not (cfg.use_identifier_redirects and is_set (handler.redirect)) then	-- redirect has priority so if enabled and available don't fetch from Wikidata because expensive
		wd_article = wikidata_article_name_get (handler.q);						-- if Wikidata has an article title for this wiki, get it;
	end
	
	return (cfg.use_identifier_redirects and is_set (handler.redirect) and handler.redirect) or wd_article or handler.link;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T E R N A L _ L I N K _ I D &gt;----------------------------------------------

Formats a wiki-style external link

]]

local function external_link_id (options)
	local url_string = options.id;
	local ext_link;
	
	if options.encode == true or options.encode == nil then
		url_string = mw.uri.encode (url_string, 'PATH');
	end

	if options.auto_link and is_set (options.access) then
		auto_link_urls[options.auto_link] = table.concat ({options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix});
	end

	ext_link = mw.ustring.format ('[%s%s%s %s]', options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix or &quot;&quot;, mw.text.nowiki (options.id));
	if is_set (options.access) then
		ext_link = substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[options.access].class, cfg.presentation[options.access].title, ext_link});	-- add the free-to-read / paywall lock
	end

	return table.concat	({
		make_wikilink (label_link_make (options), options.label),				-- redirect, Wikidata link, or locally specified link (in that order)
		options.separator or '&amp;nbsp;',
		ext_link
		});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N T E R N A L _ L I N K _ I D &gt;----------------------------------------------

Formats a wiki-style internal link

TODO: Does not currently need to support options.access, options.encode, auto-linking and COinS (as in external_link_id),
but may be needed in the future for :m:Interwiki_map custom-prefixes like :arxiv:, :bibcode:, :DOI:, :hdl:, :ISSN:,
:JSTOR:, :Openlibrary:, :PMID:, :RFC:.

]]

local function internal_link_id (options)
	local id = mw.ustring.gsub (options.id, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);	-- translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9

	return table.concat (
		{
		make_wikilink (label_link_make (options), options.label),				-- wiki-link the identifier label
		options.separator or '&amp;nbsp;',											-- add the separator
		make_wikilink (
			table.concat (
				{
				options.prefix,
				id,																-- translated to Western digits
				options.suffix or ''
				}),
			substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {'', mw.text.nowiki (options.id)})	-- bdi tags to prevent Latin script identifiers from being reversed at RTL language wikis
			);																	-- nowiki because MediaWiki still has magic links for ISBN and the like; TODO: is it really required?
		});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ E M B A R G O E D &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Determines if a PMC identifier's online version is embargoed. Compares the date in |pmc-embargo-date= against
today's date.  If embargo date is in the future, returns the content of |pmc-embargo-date=; otherwise, returns
an empty string because the embargo has expired or because |pmc-embargo-date= was not set in this cite.

]]

local function is_embargoed (embargo)
	if is_set (embargo) then
		local lang = mw.getContentLanguage();
		local good1, embargo_date, todays_date;
		good1, embargo_date = pcall (lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', embargo);
		todays_date = lang:formatDate ('U');
	
		if good1 then															-- if embargo date is a good date
			if tonumber (embargo_date) &gt;= tonumber (todays_date) then			-- is embargo date is in the future?
				return embargo;													-- still embargoed
			else
				set_message ('maint_pmc_embargo');								-- embargo has expired; add main cat
				return '';														-- unset because embargo has expired
			end
		end
	end
	return '';																	-- |pmc-embargo-date= not set return empty string
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ R X I V _ D A T E &gt;------------------------------------------

for biorxiv, returns true if:
	2019-12-11T00:00Z &lt;= biorxiv_date &lt; today + 2 days
for medrxiv, returns true if:
	2020-01-01T00:00Z &lt;= medrxiv_date &lt; today + 2 days
	
The dated form of biorxiv identifier has a start date of 2019-12-11.  The Unix timestamp for that date is {{#time:U|2019-12-11}} = 1576022400
The medrxiv identifier has a start date of 2020-01-01.  The Unix timestamp for that date is {{#time:U|2020-01-01}} = 1577836800

&lt;rxiv_date&gt; is the date provided in those |biorxiv= parameter values that are dated and in |medrxiv= parameter values at time 00:00:00 UTC
&lt;today&gt; is the current date at time 00:00:00 UTC plus 48 hours
	if today's date is 2023-01-01T00:00:00 then
		adding 24 hours gives 2023-01-02T00:00:00 – one second more than today
		adding 24 hours gives 2023-01-03T00:00:00 – one second more than tomorrow

inputs:
	&lt;y&gt;, &lt;m&gt;, &lt;d&gt; – year, month, day parts of the date from the birxiv or medrxiv identifier
	&lt;select&gt; 'b' for biorxiv, 'm' for medrxiv; defaults to 'b'

]=]

local function is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, select)
	if 0 == tonumber (m) and 12 &lt; tonumber (m) then								-- &lt;m&gt; must be a number 1–12
		return false;
	end
	if 0 == tonumber (d) and 31 &lt; tonumber (d) then								-- &lt;d&gt; must be a number 1–31; TODO: account for month length and leap yer?
		return false;
	end
	
	local rxiv_date = table.concat ({y, m, d}, '-');							-- make ymd date string
	local good1, good2;
	local rxiv_ts, tomorrow_ts;													-- to hold Unix timestamps representing the dates
	local lang_object = mw.getContentLanguage();

	good1, rxiv_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', rxiv_date);		-- convert rxiv_date value to Unix timestamp 
	good2, tomorrow_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', 'today + 2 days' );	-- today midnight + 2 days is one second more than all day tomorrow
	
	if good1 and good2 then														-- lang.formatDate() returns a timestamp in the local script which tonumber() may not understand
		rxiv_ts = tonumber (rxiv_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (rxiv_ts);	-- convert to numbers for the comparison;
		tomorrow_ts = tonumber (tomorrow_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (tomorrow_ts);
	else
		return false;															-- one or both failed to convert to Unix timestamp
	end

	local limit_ts = ((select and ('m' == select)) and 1577836800) or 1576022400;	-- choose the appropriate limit timesatmp

	return ((limit_ts &lt;= rxiv_ts) and (rxiv_ts &lt; tomorrow_ts))					-- limit_ts &lt;= rxiv_date &lt; tomorrow's date
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all ISBN/ISSN digits including the check digit.
ISBN-13 is checked in isbn().

If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, ISBN/ISSN must be checked for length
and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-ISxN characters.

]]

local function is_valid_isxn (isxn_str, len)
	local temp = 0;
	isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, len) };										-- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9' → 0x39, 'X' → 0x58
	len = len + 1;																-- adjust to be a loop counter
	for i, v in ipairs (isxn_str) do											-- loop through all of the bytes and calculate the checksum
		if v == string.byte (&quot;X&quot; ) then											-- if checkdigit is X (compares the byte value of 'X' which is 0x58)
			temp = temp + 10 * (len - i);										-- it represents 10 decimal
		else
			temp = temp + tonumber (string.char (v) )*(len-i);
		end
	end
	return temp % 11 == 0;														-- returns true if calculation result is zero
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N _ 1 3 &gt;-----------------------------------------------

ISBN-13 and ISMN validator code calculates checksum across all 13 ISBN/ISMN digits including the check digit.
If the number is valid, the result will be 0. Before calling this function, ISBN-13/ISMN must be checked for length
and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-ISxN-13 characters.

]]

local function is_valid_isxn_13 (isxn_str)
	local temp=0;
	
	isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, 13) };										-- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9' → 0x39
	for i, v in ipairs (isxn_str) do
		temp = temp + (3 - 2*(i % 2)) * tonumber (string.char (v) );			-- multiply odd index digits by 1, even index digits by 3 and sum; includes check digit
	end
	return temp % 10 == 0;														-- sum modulo 10 is zero when ISBN-13/ISMN is correct
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N O R M A L I Z E _ L C C N &gt;--------------------------------------------------

LCCN normalization (https://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn-namespace.html#normalization)
1. Remove all blanks.
2. If there is a forward slash (/) in the string, remove it, and remove all characters to the right of the forward slash.
3. If there is a hyphen in the string:
	a. Remove it.
	b. Inspect the substring following (to the right of) the (removed) hyphen. Then (and assuming that steps 1 and 2 have been carried out):
		1. All these characters should be digits, and there should be six or less. (not done in this function)
		2. If the length of the substring is less than 6, left-fill the substring with zeroes until the length is six.

Returns a normalized LCCN for lccn() to validate.  There is no error checking (step 3.b.1) performed in this function.

]]

local function normalize_lccn (lccn)
	lccn = lccn:gsub (&quot;%s&quot;, &quot;&quot;);												-- 1. strip whitespace

	if nil ~= string.find (lccn, '/') then
		lccn = lccn:match (&quot;(.-)/&quot;);											-- 2. remove forward slash and all character to the right of it
	end

	local prefix
	local suffix
	prefix, suffix = lccn:match (&quot;(.+)%-(.+)&quot;);									-- 3.a remove hyphen by splitting the string into prefix and suffix

	if nil ~= suffix then														-- if there was a hyphen
		suffix = string.rep(&quot;0&quot;, 6-string.len (suffix)) .. suffix;				-- 3.b.2 left fill the suffix with 0s if suffix length less than 6
		lccn = prefix..suffix;													-- reassemble the LCCN
	end
	
	return lccn;
end


--============================&lt;&lt; I D E N T I F I E R   F U N C T I O N S &gt;&gt;====================================

--[[--------------------------&lt; A R X I V &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

See: https://arxiv.org/help/arxiv_identifier

format and error check arXiv identifier.  There are three valid forms of the identifier:
the first form, valid only between date codes 9107 and 0703, is:
	arXiv:&lt;archive&gt;.&lt;class&gt;/&lt;date code&gt;&lt;number&gt;&lt;version&gt;
where:
	&lt;archive&gt; is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation
	&lt;class&gt; is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation; not the same as |class= parameter which is not supported in this form
	&lt;date code&gt; is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01
		first digit of YY for this form can only 9 and 0
	&lt;number&gt; is a three-digit number
	&lt;version&gt; is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces (undocumented)
	
the second form, valid from April 2007 through December 2014 is:
	arXiv:&lt;date code&gt;.&lt;number&gt;&lt;version&gt;
where:
	&lt;date code&gt; is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01
	&lt;number&gt; is a four-digit number
	&lt;version&gt; is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces

the third form, valid from January 2015 is:
	arXiv:&lt;date code&gt;.&lt;number&gt;&lt;version&gt;
where:
	&lt;date code&gt; and &lt;version&gt; are as defined for 0704-1412
	&lt;number&gt; is a five-digit number

]]

local function arxiv (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local class = options.Class;												-- TODO: lowercase?
	local handler = options.handler;
	local year, month;
	local err_msg = false;														-- assume no error message
	local text;																	-- output text
	
	if id:match(&quot;^%a[%a%.%-]+/[90]%d[01]%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%a[%a%.%-]+/[90]%d[01]%d%d%d%dv%d+$&quot;) then	-- test for the 9107-0703 format with or without version
		year, month = id:match(&quot;^%a[%a%.%-]+/([90]%d)([01]%d)%d%d%d[v%d]*$&quot;);
		year = tonumber (year);
		month = tonumber (month);
		if ((not (90 &lt; year or 8 &gt; year)) or (1 &gt; month or 12 &lt; month)) or		-- if invalid year or invalid month
			((91 == year and 7 &gt; month) or (7 == year and 3 &lt; month)) then		-- if years ok, are starting and ending months ok?
				err_msg = true;													-- flag for error message
		end

	elseif id:match(&quot;^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%dv%d+$&quot;) then	-- test for the 0704-1412 with or without version
		year, month = id:match(&quot;^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d[v%d]*$&quot;);
		year = tonumber (year);
		month = tonumber (month);
		if ((7 &gt; year) or (14 &lt; year) or (1 &gt; month or 12 &lt; month)) or			-- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years)
			((7 == year) and (4 &gt; month)) then									-- when year is 07, is month invalid (before April)?
				err_msg = true;													-- flag for error message
		end

	elseif id:match(&quot;^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$&quot;) then	-- test for the 1501- format with or without version
		year, month = id:match(&quot;^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d[v%d]*$&quot;);
		year = tonumber (year);
		month = tonumber (month);
		if ((15 &gt; year) or (1 &gt; month or 12 &lt; month)) then						-- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years)
			err_msg = true;														-- flag for error message
		end

	else
		err_msg = true;															-- not a recognized format; flag for error message
	end

	if err_msg then
		options.coins_list_t['ARXIV'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	if err_msg then
		set_message ('err_bad_arxiv');
	end

	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access});

	if is_set (class) then
		if id:match ('^%d+') then
			text = table.concat ({text, ' [[https://arxiv.org/archive/', class, ' ', class, ']]'});	-- external link within square brackets, not wikilink
		else
			set_message ('err_class_ignored');
		end
	else																		-- class not set
		if id:match ('^%d+') and options.CitationClass == 'arxiv' then			-- new (post 2007) format; {{cite arxiv}} only
			set_message ('maint_missing_class');								-- add maint cat
		end
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; B I B C O D E &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

Validates (sort of) and formats a bibcode ID.

Format for bibcodes is specified here: https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs_doc/help_pages/data.html#bibcodes

But, this: 2015arXiv151206696F is apparently valid so apparently, the only things that really matter are length, 19 characters
and first four digits must be a year.  This function makes these tests:
	length must be 19 characters
	characters in position
		1–4 must be digits and must represent a year in the range of 1000 – next year
		5 must be a letter
		6–8 must be letter, digit, ampersand, or dot (ampersand cannot directly precede a dot; &amp;. )
		9–18 must be letter, digit, or dot
		19 must be a letter or dot

]]

local function bibcode (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local ignore_invalid = options.accept;
	local err_type;
	local year;

	local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode,
		access = access});
	
	if 19 ~= id:len() then
		err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.length;
	else
		year = id:match (&quot;^(%d%d%d%d)[%a][%w&amp;%.][%w&amp;%.][%w&amp;%.][%w.]+[%a%.]$&quot;);
		if not year then														-- if nil then no pattern match
			err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.value;									-- so value error
		else
			local next_year = tonumber (os.date ('%Y')) + 1;					-- get the current year as a number and add one for next year
			year = tonumber (year);												-- convert year portion of bibcode to a number
			if (1000 &gt; year) or (year &gt; next_year) then
				err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.year;								-- year out of bounds
			end
			if id:find('&amp;%.') then
				err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.journal;							-- journal abbreviation must not have '&amp;.' (if it does it's missing a letter)
			end
			if id:match ('.........%.tmp%.') then								-- temporary bibcodes when positions 10–14 are '.tmp.'
				set_message ('maint_bibcode');
			end
		end
	end

	if is_set (err_type) and not ignore_invalid then							-- if there was an error detected and accept-as-written markup not used
		set_message ('err_bad_bibcode', {err_type});
		options.coins_list_t['BIBCODE'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; B I O R X I V &gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------

Format bioRxiv ID and do simple error checking.  Before 2019-12-11, biorXiv IDs were 10.1101/ followed by exactly
6 digits.  After 2019-12-11, biorXiv IDs retained the six-digit identifier but prefixed that with a yyyy.mm.dd. 
date and suffixed with an optional version identifier.

From December 2025 biorxiv added a new 'doi' prefix: 10.64898:
	10.64898/2025.12.10.693067

The bioRxiv ID is the string of characters:
	https://doi.org/10.1101/078733 -&gt; 10.1101/078733
or a date followed by a six-digit number followed by an optional version indicator 'v' and one or more digits:
	https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.123456v2 -&gt; 10.1101/2019.12.11.123456v2
	
see https://www.biorxiv.org/about-biorxiv

]]

local function biorxiv (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_msg = true;														-- flag; assume that there will be an error
	
	local patterns = {
		'^10%.1101/%d%d%d%d%d%d$',												-- simple 6-digit identifier (before 2019-12-11)
		'^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$',				-- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier + version (after 2019-12-11)
		'^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d$',					-- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier (after 2019-12-11)
		'^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$',				-- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier + version (from December 2025)
		'^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d$',					-- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier (from December 2025)
		}
	
	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- spin through the patterns looking for a match
		if id:match (pattern) then
			local y, m, d = id:match (pattern);									-- found a match, attempt to get year, month and date from the identifier

			if m then															-- m is nil when id is the six-digit form
				if not is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, 'b') then					-- validate the encoded date; 'b' for biorxiv limit
					break;														-- date fail; break out early so we don't unset the error message
				end
			end
			err_msg = nil;														-- we found a match so unset the error message
			break;																-- and done
		end
	end																			-- err_cat remains set here when no match

	if err_msg then
		options.coins_list_t['BIORXIV'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		set_message ('err_bad_biorxiv');										-- and set the error message
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator,
			encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E S E E R X &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

CiteSeerX use their own notion of &quot;doi&quot; (not to be confused with the identifiers resolved via doi.org).

The description of the structure of this identifier can be found at Help_talk:Citation_Style_1/Archive_26#CiteSeerX_id_structure

]]

local function citeseerx (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local matched;

	local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode,
		access = handler.access});
	
	matched = id:match (&quot;^10%.1%.1%.[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%.[1-9]%d?%d?%d?$&quot;);
	if not matched then
		set_message ('err_bad_citeseerx' );
		options.coins_list_t['CITESEERX'] = nil;								-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D O I &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

Formats a DOI and checks for DOI errors.

DOI names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash.
	Prefix: directory indicator '10.' followed by a registrant code
	Suffix: character string of any length chosen by the registrant

This function checks a DOI name for: prefix/suffix.  If the DOI name contains spaces or endashes, or, if it ends
with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_doi error message.

DOI names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for spaces, endash,
and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely
if ever used in DOI names.

https://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/2_Numbering.html				-- 2.2 Syntax of a DOI name
https://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/2_Numbering.html#2.2.2			-- 2.2.2 DOI prefix

]]

local function doi (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local inactive = options.DoiBroken
	local access = options.access;
	local ignore_invalid = options.accept;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_flag;																-- error flag for errors that may not be ignored
	local ignorable_err_flag;													-- error flag for ((ignorable)) errors

	local function is_extended_free (registrant, suffix)						-- local function to check those few registrants that are mixed; identifiable by the doi suffix &lt;incipit&gt;
		suffix = suffix:lower();												-- ascii [a-z] same as [A-Z] in doi names; see §3.4.4 Case Insensitivity of the Doi Name
		if cfg.extended_registrants_t[registrant] then							-- if this registrant has known free-to-read extentions
			for _, incipit in ipairs (cfg.extended_registrants_t[registrant]) do	-- loop through the registrant's incipits
				if mw.ustring.find (suffix, '^' .. incipit:lower()) then		-- ascii [a-z] same as [A-Z] in doi names
					return true;												-- if found done
				end
			end
		end
	end

	local text;
	if is_set (inactive) then
		local inactive_year = inactive:match(&quot;%d%d%d%d&quot;);						-- try to get the year portion from the inactive date
		local inactive_month, good;

		if is_set (inactive_year) then
			if 4 &lt; inactive:len() then											-- inactive date has more than just a year (could be anything)
				local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage();						-- get a language object for this wiki
				good, inactive_month = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'F', inactive);	-- try to get the month name from the inactive date
				if not good then
					inactive_month = nil;										-- something went wrong so make sure this is unset
				end
			end
		end																		-- otherwise, |doi-broken-date= has something but it isn't a date
		
		if is_set (inactive_year) and is_set (inactive_month) then
			set_message ('maint_doi_inactive_dated', {inactive_year, inactive_month, ' '});
		elseif is_set (inactive_year) then
			set_message ('maint_doi_inactive_dated', {inactive_year, '', ''});
		else
			set_message ('maint_doi_inactive');
		end
		inactive = substitute (cfg.messages['inactive'], inactive );
	end

	local registrant, suffix = mw.ustring.match (id, '^10%.([^/]+)/([^%s–]+)$');	-- registrant and suffix set when DOI has the proper basic form; both nil else

	if suffix then
		if suffix:match ('[%.,]$') then											-- |doi= has basic form but suffix has trailing dot or comma
			ignorable_err_flag = true;											-- set the flag so that we can emit an error message if not ignored
		end
	else																		-- here when |doi= does not have proper basic form
		err_flag = true;														-- set the non-ignorable error flag
		ignore_invalid = false;													-- unset because this error may not be ignored
	end

	local registrant_err_patterns = {											-- these patterns are for code ranges that are not supported 
		'^[^1-3]%d%d%d%d%.%d+$',												-- 5 digits with subcode (reject 0xxxx, 40000+); accepts: 10000–39999
		'^[^1-8]%d%d%d%d$',														-- 5 digits without subcode (reject 0xxxx, 90000+); accepts: 10000–89999
		'^[^1-9]%d%d%d%.%d+$',													-- 4 digits with subcode (reject 0xxx); accepts: 1000–9999
		'^[^1-9]%d%d%d$',														-- 4 digits without subcode (reject 0xxx); accepts: 1000–9999
		'^%d%d%d%d%d%d+',														-- 6 or more digits
		'^%d%d?%d?$',															-- less than 4 digits without subcode (3 digits with subcode is legitimate)
		'^%d%d?%.[%d%.]+',														-- 1 or 2 digits with subcode
		'^5555$',																-- test registrant will never resolve
		'[^%d%.]',																-- any character that isn't a digit or a dot
		}

	if not err_flag then														-- when DOI has proper form; &lt;err_flag&gt; is true when |doi= is malformed
		if not ignore_invalid then												-- when we're not ignoring errors
			if registrant then													-- when DOI has proper form
				for i, pattern in ipairs (registrant_err_patterns) do			-- spin through error patterns
					if registrant:match (pattern) then							-- to validate registrant codes
						ignorable_err_flag = true;								-- when found, mark this DOI as bad
						break;													-- and done
					end
				end
			end
	
		else																	-- here when ignoring invalid |doi= values
			ignorable_err_flag = false;											-- unset so we don't emit an error message for ignorable errors
			set_message ('maint_doi_ignore');									-- add maint message when doi is properly formatted
		end
	end

	if err_flag or ignorable_err_flag then
		set_message ('err_bad_doi');											-- invalid |doi= value; emit an error message
		options.coins_list_t['DOI'] = nil;										-- when in error, unset so |doi= value not included in COinS
	else																		-- here when doi has no errors or has been wrapped in accept-as-written markup
		suffix = mw.ustring.match (id, '^10%.[^/]+/(.+)');						-- refetch suffix because doi may have been wrapped in accept-as-written markup
		if not access and (cfg.known_free_doi_registrants_t[registrant] or is_extended_free (registrant, suffix)) then		-- |doi-access=free not set and &lt;registrant&gt; is known to be free
			set_message ('maint_doi_unflagged_free');							-- set a maint cat
		end
	end
	
	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access,
		auto_link = not (err_flag or is_set (inactive) or ignore_invalid) and 'doi' or nil -- do not auto-link when |doi-broken-date= has a value or when there is a DOI error or (to play it safe, after all, auto-linking is not essential) when invalid DOIs are ignored
		}) .. (inactive or '');

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H D L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

Formats an HDL with minor error checking.

HDL names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash.
	Prefix: character string using any character in the UCS-2 character set except '/'
	Suffix: character string of any length using any character in the UCS-2 character set chosen by the registrant

This function checks a HDL name for: prefix/suffix.  If the HDL name contains spaces, endashes, or, if it ends
with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_hdl error message.

HDL names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for endashes and
terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely
if ever used in HDLs.

Query string parameters are named here: https://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html.  query strings are not displayed
but since '?' is an allowed character in an HDL, '?' followed by one of the query parameters is the only way we
have to detect the query string so that it isn't URL-encoded with the rest of the identifier.

]]

local function hdl (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local query_params_t = {														-- list of known query parameters from https://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html
		'noredirect',
		'ignore_aliases',
		'auth',
		'cert',
		'index',
		'type',
		'urlappend',
		'locatt',
		'action',
		}
	
	local handle, suffix, param = id:match ('(.-)(%?(%a+).+)$');				-- look for query string
	local found;

	if handle then																-- when there are query strings, this is the handle identifier portion
		for _, q in ipairs (query_params_t) do									-- spin through the list of query parameters
			if param:match ('^' .. q) then										-- if the query string begins with one of the parameters
				found = true;													-- announce a find
				break;															-- and stop looking
			end
		end
	end

	if found then
		id = handle;															-- found so replace id with the handle portion; this will be URL-encoded, suffix will not
	else
		suffix = '';															-- make sure suffix is empty string for concatenation else
	end

	local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, suffix = suffix, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access})

	if nil == id:match(&quot;^[^%s–]-/[^%s–]-[^%.,]$&quot;) then							-- HDL must contain a forward slash, must not contain spaces, endashes, and must not end with period or comma
		set_message ('err_bad_hdl' );
		options.coins_list_t['HDL'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S B N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether an ISBN string is valid

]]

local function isbn (options_t)
	local isbn_str = options_t.id;
	local ignore_invalid = options_t.accept;
	local handler = options_t.handler;
	local year = options_t.Year;												-- when set, valid anchor_year; may have a disambiguator which must be removed

	local function return_result (check, err_type)								-- local function to handle the various returns
		local ISBN = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect,
						prefix = handler.prefix, id = isbn_str, separator = handler.separator});
		if ignore_invalid then													-- if ignoring ISBN errors
			set_message ('maint_isbn_ignore');									-- add a maint category even when there is no error
		else																	-- here when not ignoring
			if not check then													-- and there is an error
				options_t.coins_list_t['ISBN'] = nil;								-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
				set_message ('err_bad_isbn', err_type);							-- set an error message
				return ISBN;										 			-- return id text
			end
		end
		return ISBN;															-- return id text
	end

	if year and not ignore_invalid then											-- 
		year = year:match ('%d%d%d%d?');										-- strip disambiguator if present
		if year and (1965 &gt; tonumber(year)) then								-- &lt;year&gt; will be nil here when |year=n.d. or |year=nd
			set_message ('err_invalid_isbn_date');								-- set an error message
			return internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect,
					prefix = handler.prefix, id = isbn_str, separator = handler.separator});
		end
	end

	if nil ~= isbn_str:match ('[^%s-0-9X]') then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char);					-- fail if isbn_str contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X
	end

	local id = isbn_str:gsub ('[%s-]', '');										-- remove hyphens and whitespace

	local len = id:len();
 
	if len ~= 10 and len ~= 13 then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.length);					-- fail if incorrect length
	end

	if len == 10 then
		if id:match ('^%d*X?$') == nil then										-- fail if isbn_str has 'X' anywhere but last position
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.form);									
		end
		if not is_valid_isxn (id, 10) then										-- test isbn-10 for numerical validity
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.check);				-- fail if isbn-10 is not numerically valid
		end
		if id:find ('^63[01]') then												-- 630xxxxxxx and 631xxxxxxx are (apparently) not valid isbn group ids but are used by amazon as numeric identifiers (asin)
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.group);				-- fail if isbn-10 begins with 630/1
		end
		return return_result (true, cfg.err_msg_supl.check);					-- pass if isbn-10 is numerically valid
	else
		if id:match ('^%d+$') == nil then
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char);				-- fail if ISBN-13 is not all digits
		end
		if id:match ('^97[89]%d*$') == nil then
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.prefix);				-- fail when ISBN-13 does not begin with 978 or 979
		end
		if id:match ('^9790') then
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.group);				-- group identifier '0' is reserved to ISMN
		end
		return return_result (is_valid_isxn_13 (id), cfg.err_msg_supl.check);
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A S I N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Formats a link to Amazon.  Do simple error checking: ASIN must be mix of 10 numeric or uppercase alpha
characters.  If a mix, first character must be uppercase alpha; if all numeric, ASINs must be 10-digit
ISBN. If 10-digit ISBN, add a maintenance category so a bot or AWB script can replace |asin= with |isbn=.
Error message if not 10 characters, if not ISBN-10, if mixed and first character is a digit.

|asin=630....... and |asin=631....... are (apparently) not a legitimate ISBN though it checksums as one; these
do not cause this function to emit the maint_asin message

This function is positioned here because it calls isbn()

]]

local function asin (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local domain = options.ASINTLD;
	
	local err_flag = nil;														-- must be explicitly initialized

	if not id:match(&quot;^[%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u]$&quot;) then
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin');								-- ASIN is not a mix of 10 uppercase alpha and numeric characters
	else
		if id:match(&quot;^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[%dX]$&quot;) then							-- if 10-digit numeric (or 9 digits with terminal X)
			if is_valid_isxn (id, 10) then										-- see if ASIN value is or validates as ISBN-10
				if not id:find ('^63[01]') then									-- 630xxxxxxx and 631xxxxxxx are (apparently) not a valid isbn prefixes but are used by amazon as a numeric identifier
					err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin');					-- ASIN has ISBN-10 form but begins with something other than 630/1 so probably an isbn 
				end
			elseif not is_set (err_flag) then
				err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin');						-- ASIN is not ISBN-10
			end
		elseif not id:match(&quot;^%u[%d%u]+$&quot;) then
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin');							-- asin doesn't begin with uppercase alpha
		end
	end
	if (not is_set (domain)) or in_array (domain, {'us'}) then					-- default: United States
		domain = &quot;com&quot;;
	elseif in_array (domain, {'jp', 'uk', 'za'}) then							-- Japan, United Kingdom, South Africa
		domain = &quot;co.&quot; .. domain;
	elseif in_array (domain, {'z.cn'}) then 									-- China
		domain = &quot;cn&quot;;
	elseif in_array (domain, {'au', 'be', 'br', 'mx', 'sg', 'tr'}) then			-- Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Mexico, Singapore, Turkey
		domain = &quot;com.&quot; .. domain;
	elseif not in_array (domain, {'ae', 'ca', 'cn', 'de', 'eg', 'es', 'fr', 'ie', 'in', 'it', 'nl', 'pl', 'sa', 'se', 'co.jp', 'co.uk', 'com', 'com.au', 'com.br', 'com.mx', 'com.sg', 'com.tr'}) then -- Arabic Emirates, Canada, China, Germany, Egypt, Spain, France, Ireland, Indonesia, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Sweden (as of 2021-03 Austria (.at), Liechtenstein (.li) and Switzerland (.ch) still redirect to the German site (.de) with special settings, so don't maintain local ASINs for them)
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin_tld');							-- unsupported asin-tld value
	end
	local handler = options.handler;

	if not is_set (err_flag) then
		options.coins_list_t['ASIN'] = handler.prefix .. domain .. &quot;/dp/&quot; .. id;	-- asin for coins
	else
		options.coins_list_t['ASIN'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix .. domain .. &quot;/dp/&quot;,
		id = id, encode = handler.encode, separator = handler.separator})
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S M N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether an ISMN string is valid.  Similar to ISBN-13, ISMN is 13 digits beginning 979-0-... and uses the
same check digit calculations.  See https://www.ismn-international.org/download/Web_ISMN_Users_Manual_2008-6.pdf
section 2, pages 9–12.

ismn value not made part of COinS metadata because we don't have a url or isn't a COinS-defined identifier (rft.xxx)
or an identifier registered at info-uri.info (info:)

]]

local function ismn (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local text;
	local valid_ismn;
	local id_copy;

	id_copy = id;																-- save a copy because this testing is destructive
	id = id:gsub ('[%s-]', '');													-- remove hyphens and white space

	if 13 ~= id:len() or id:match (&quot;^9790%d*$&quot; ) == nil then					-- ISMN must be 13 digits and begin with 9790
		valid_ismn = false;
	else
		valid_ismn=is_valid_isxn_13 (id);										-- validate ISMN
	end

	--	text = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,		-- use this (or external version) when there is some place to link to
	--		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id_copy, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode})

	text = table.concat (														-- because no place to link to yet
		{
		make_wikilink (label_link_make (handler), handler.label),
		handler.separator,
		id_copy
		});

	if false == valid_ismn then
		options.coins_list_t['ISMN'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS; not really necessary here because ismn not made part of COinS
		set_message ('err_bad_ismn');											-- create an error message if the ISMN is invalid
	end 
	
	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S S N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Validate and format an ISSN.  This code fixes the case where an editor has included an ISSN in the citation but
has separated the two groups of four digits with a space.  When that condition occurred, the resulting link looked
like this:

	|issn=0819 4327 gives: [https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0819 4327 0819 4327]	-- can't have spaces in an external link
	
This code now prevents that by inserting a hyphen at the ISSN midpoint.  It also validates the ISSN for length
and makes sure that the checkdigit agrees with the calculated value.  Incorrect length (8 digits), characters
other than 0-9 and X, or checkdigit / calculated value mismatch will all cause a check ISSN error message.  The
ISSN is always displayed with a hyphen, even if the ISSN was given as a single group of 8 digits.

]]

local function issn (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local ignore_invalid = options.accept;

	local issn_copy = id;														-- save a copy of unadulterated ISSN; use this version for display if ISSN does not validate
	local text;
	local valid_issn;

	id = id:gsub ('[%s-]', '');													-- remove hyphens and whitespace

	if 8 ~= id:len() or nil == id:match (&quot;^%d*X?$&quot; ) then						-- validate the ISSN: 8 digits long, containing only 0-9 or X in the last position
		valid_issn = false;														-- wrong length or improper character
	else
		valid_issn = is_valid_isxn (id, 8);										-- validate ISSN
	end

	if true == valid_issn then
		id = string.sub (id, 1, 4 ) .. &quot;-&quot; .. string.sub (id, 5 );				-- if valid, display correctly formatted version
	else
		id = issn_copy;															-- if not valid, show the invalid ISSN with error message
	end

	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode})

	if ignore_invalid then
		set_message ('maint_issn_ignore');
	else
		if false == valid_issn then
			options.coins_list_t['ISSN'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
			set_message ('err_bad_issn', (options.hkey == 'EISSN') and 'e' or '');	-- create an error message if the ISSN is invalid
		end 
	end
	
	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; J F M &gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------------

A numerical identifier in the form nn.nnnn.nn

]]

local function jfm (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local id_num;

	id_num = id:match ('^[Jj][Ff][Mm](.*)$');									-- identifier with jfm prefix; extract identifier

	if is_set (id_num) then
		set_message ('maint_jfm_format');
	else																		-- plain number without JFM prefix
		id_num = id;															-- if here id does not have prefix
	end

	if id_num and id_num:match('^%d%d%.%d%d%d%d%.%d%d$') then
		id = id_num;															-- jfm matches pattern
	else
		set_message ('err_bad_jfm' );											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['JFM'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; J S T O R &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

Format a JSTOR with some error checking

]]

local function jstor (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:find ('[Jj][Ss][Tt][Oo][Rr]') or id:find ('^https?://') or id:find ('%s') then
		set_message ('err_bad_jstor');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['JSTOR'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L C C N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Format LCCN link and do simple error checking.  LCCN is a character string 8-12 characters long. The length of
the LCCN dictates the character type of the first 1-3 characters; the rightmost eight are always digits.
https://oclc-research.github.io/infoURI-Frozen/info-uri.info/info:lccn/reg.html

length = 8 then all digits
length = 9 then lccn[1] is lowercase alpha
length = 10 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both lowercase alpha or both digits
length = 11 then lccn[1] is lower case alpha, lccn[2] and lccn[3] are both lowercase alpha or both digits
length = 12 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both lowercase alpha

]]

local function lccn (options)
	local id = options.id;														-- local copy of the LCCN
	local lccn_id = id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_flag;																-- presume that LCCN is valid

	id = normalize_lccn (id);													-- get canonical form (no whitespace, hyphens, forward slashes)
	local len = id:len();														-- get the length of the LCCN

	if 8 == len then
		if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then												-- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits)
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');							-- set an error message
		end
	elseif 9 == len then														-- LCCN should be adddddddd
		if nil == id:match(&quot;%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) then							-- does it match our pattern?
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');							-- set an error message
		end
	elseif 10 == len then														-- LCCN should be aadddddddd or dddddddddd
		if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then												-- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) ...
			if nil == id:match(&quot;^%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) then					-- ... see if it matches our pattern
				err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');						-- no match, set an error message
			end
		end
	elseif 11 == len then														-- LCCN should be aaadddddddd or adddddddddd
		if not (id:match(&quot;^%l%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;)) then	-- see if it matches one of our patterns
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');							-- no match, set an error message
		end
	elseif 12 == len then														-- LCCN should be aadddddddddd
		if not id:match(&quot;^%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) then						-- see if it matches our pattern
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');							-- no match, set an error message
		end
	else
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');								-- wrong length, set an error message
	end

	if not is_set (err_flag) and nil ~= lccn_id:find ('%s') then
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');								-- lccn contains a space, set an error message
	end

	if is_set (err_flag) then
		options.coins_list_t['LCCN'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = lccn_id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M E D R X I V &gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------

Format medRxiv ID and do simple error checking.  Similar to later bioRxiv IDs, medRxiv IDs are prefixed with a
yyyy.mm.dd. date and suffixed with an optional version identifier.  Ealiest date accepted is 2020.01.01

The medRxiv ID is a date followed by an eight-digit number followed by an optional version indicator 'v' and one or more digits:
	https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.20232009v2 -&gt; 10.1101/2020.11.16.20232009v2

]]

local function medrxiv (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_msg_flag = true;													-- flag; assume that there will be an error

	local patterns = {
		'^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$',													-- simple 8-digit identifier; these should be relatively rare
		'^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$',			-- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier + version (2020-01-01 and later)
		'^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$',				-- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier (2020-01-01 and later)
		'^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$',			-- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier + version (2025-12-01 and later)
		'^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$',				-- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier (2025-12-01 and later)
		}
	
	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- spin through the patterns looking for a match
		if id:match (pattern) then
			local y, m, d = id:match (pattern);									-- found a match, attempt to get year, month and date from the identifier

			if m then															-- m is nil when id is the 8-digit form
				if not is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, 'b') then					-- validate the encoded date; 'b' for medrxiv limit
					break;														-- date fail; break out early so we don't unset the error message
				end
			end
			err_msg_flag = nil;													-- we found a match so unset the error message
			break;																-- and done
		end
	end																			-- &lt;err_msg_flag&gt; remains set here when no match

	if err_msg_flag then
		options.coins_list_t['MEDRXIV'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		set_message ('err_bad_medrxiv');										-- and set the error message
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator,
			encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M R &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------

A seven digit number; if not seven digits, zero-fill leading digits to make seven digits.

]]

local function mr (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local id_num;
	local id_len;

	id_num = id:match ('^[Mm][Rr](%d+)$');										-- identifier with mr prefix

	if is_set (id_num) then
		set_message ('maint_mr_format');										-- add maint cat
	else																		-- plain number without mr prefix
		id_num = id:match ('^%d+$');											-- if here id is all digits
	end

	id_len = id_num and id_num:len() or 0;
	if (7 &gt;= id_len) and (0 ~= id_len) then
		id = string.rep ('0', 7-id_len) .. id_num;								-- zero-fill leading digits
	else
		set_message ('err_bad_mr');												-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['MR'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; O C L C &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Validate and format an OCLC ID.  https://www.oclc.org/batchload/controlnumber.en.html {{dead link}}
archived at: https://web.archive.org/web/20161228233804/https://www.oclc.org/batchload/controlnumber.en.html

]]

local function oclc (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local number;

	if id:match('^ocm%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then									-- ocm prefix and 8 digits; 001 field (12 characters)
		number = id:match('ocm(%d+)');											-- get the number
	elseif id:match('^ocn%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then								-- ocn prefix and 9 digits; 001 field (12 characters)
		number = id:match('ocn(%d+)');											-- get the number
	elseif id:match('^on%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d+$') then							-- on prefix and 10 or more digits; 001 field (12 characters)
		number = id:match('^on(%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d+)$');						-- get the number
	elseif id:match('^%(OCoLC%)[1-9]%d*$') then									-- (OCoLC) prefix and variable number digits; no leading zeros; 035 field
		number = id:match('%(OCoLC%)([1-9]%d*)');								-- get the number
		if 9 &lt; number:len() then
			number = nil;														-- constrain to 1 to 9 digits; change this when OCLC issues 10-digit numbers
		end
	elseif id:match('^%d+$') then												-- no prefix
		number = id;															-- get the number
		if tonumber (id) &gt; handler.id_limit then
			number = nil;														-- unset when id value exceeds the limit
		end
	end

	if number then																-- proper format
		id = number;															-- exclude prefix, if any, from external link
	else
		set_message ('err_bad_oclc')											-- add an error message if the id is malformed
		options.coins_list_t['OCLC'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; O P E N L I B R A R Y &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Formats an OpenLibrary link, and checks for associated errors.

]]

local function openlibrary (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local ident, code = id:gsub('^OL', ''):match(&quot;^(%d+([AMW]))$&quot;);				-- strip optional OL prefix followed immediately by digits followed by 'A', 'M', or 'W';
	local err_flag;
	local prefix = {															-- these are appended to the handler.prefix according to code
		['A']='authors/OL',
		['M']='books/OL',
		['W']='works/OL',
		['X']='OL'																-- not a code; spoof when 'code' in id is invalid
		};

	if not ident then
		code = 'X';																-- no code or id completely invalid
		ident = id;																-- copy id to ident so that we display the flawed identifier
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_ol');
	end

	if not is_set (err_flag) then
		options.coins_list_t['OL'] = handler.prefix .. prefix[code] .. ident;	-- experiment for ol coins
	else
		options.coins_list_t['OL'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix .. prefix[code],
		id = ident, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode,
		access = access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; O S T I &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Format OSTI and do simple error checking. OSTIs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This
code checks the OSTI to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit specified in the configuration;
the value in test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more OSTIs are issued.

NB. 1018 is the lowest OSTI number found in the wild (so far) and resolving OK on the OSTI site

]]

local function osti (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then													-- if OSTI has anything but digits
		set_message ('err_bad_osti');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['OSTI'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	else																		-- OSTI is only digits
		local id_num = tonumber (id);											-- convert id to a number for range testing
		if 1018 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then						-- if OSTI is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_osti');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['OSTI'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P M C &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

Format a PMC, do simple error checking, and check for embargoed articles.

The embargo parameter takes a date for a value. If the embargo date is in the future the PMC identifier will not
be linked to the article.  If the embargo date is today or in the past, or if it is empty or omitted, then the
PMC identifier is linked to the article through the link at cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix.

PMC embargo date testing is done in function is_embargoed () which is called earlier because when the citation
has |pmc=&lt;value&gt; but does not have a |url= then |title= is linked with the PMC link.  Function is_embargoed ()
returns the embargo date if the PMC article is still embargoed, otherwise it returns an empty string.

PMCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This code checks the PMC to see that it contains only digits and is less
than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMCs are issued.

]]

local function pmc (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local embargo = options.Embargo;											-- TODO: lowercase?
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_flag;
	local id_num;
	local text;

	id_num = id:match ('^[Pp][Mm][Cc](%d+)$');									-- identifier with PMC prefix

	if is_set (id_num) then
		set_message ('maint_pmc_format');
	else																		-- plain number without PMC prefix
		id_num = id:match ('^%d+$');											-- if here id is all digits
	end

	if is_set (id_num) then														-- id_num has a value so test it
		id_num = tonumber (id_num);												-- convert id_num to a number for range testing
		if 1 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then							-- if PMC is outside test limit boundaries
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_pmc');								-- set an error message
		else
			id = tostring (id_num);												-- make sure id is a string
		end
	else																		-- when id format incorrect
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_pmc');									-- set an error message
	end
	
	if is_set (embargo) and is_set (is_embargoed (embargo)) then				-- is PMC is still embargoed?
		text = table.concat (													-- still embargoed so no external link
			{
			make_wikilink (label_link_make (handler), handler.label),
			handler.separator,
			id,
			});
	else
		text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,	-- no embargo date or embargo has expired, ok to link to article
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access,
			auto_link = not err_flag and 'pmc' or nil							-- do not auto-link when PMC has error
			});
	end

	if err_flag then
		options.coins_list_t['PMC'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P M I D &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Format PMID and do simple error checking.  PMIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This
code checks the PMID to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable
test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMIDs are issued.

]]

local function pmid (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then													-- if PMID has anything but digits
		set_message ('err_bad_pmid');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['PMID'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	else																		-- PMID is only digits
		local id_num = tonumber (id);											-- convert id to a number for range testing
		if 1 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then							-- if PMID is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_pmid');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['PMID'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R F C &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

Format RFC and do simple error checking. RFCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This
code checks the RFC to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit specified in the configuration;
the value in test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more RFCs are issued.

An index of all RFCs is here: https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/

]]

local function rfc (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then													-- if RFC has anything but digits
		set_message ('err_bad_rfc');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['RFC'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	else																		-- RFC is only digits
		local id_num = tonumber (id);											-- convert id to a number for range testing
		if 1 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then							-- if RFC is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_rfc');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['RFC'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S 2 C I D &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

Format an S2CID, do simple error checking

S2CIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This code checks the S2CID to see that it is only
digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically
as more S2CIDs are issued.

]]

local function s2cid (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local id_num;
	local text;
	
	id_num = id:match ('^[1-9]%d*$');											-- id must be all digits; must not begin with 0; no open access flag

 	if is_set (id_num) then														-- id_num has a value so test it
		id_num = tonumber (id_num);												-- convert id_num to a number for range testing
		if handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then										-- if S2CID is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_s2cid');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['S2CID'] = nil;								-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	else																		-- when id format incorrect
		set_message ('err_bad_s2cid');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['S2CID'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access});

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S B N &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

9-digit form of ISBN-10; uses same check-digit validation when SBN is prefixed with an additional '0' to make 10 digits

sbn value not made part of COinS metadata because we don't have a url or isn't a COinS-defined identifier (rft.xxx)
or an identifier registered at info-uri.info (info:)

]]

local function sbn (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local ignore_invalid = options.accept;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local function return_result (check, err_type)								-- local function to handle the various returns
		local SBN = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect,
						prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator});
		if not ignore_invalid then												-- if not ignoring SBN errors
			if not check then
				options.coins_list_t['SBN'] = nil;								-- when error, unset so not included in COinS; not really necessary here because sbn not made part of COinS
				set_message ('err_bad_sbn', {err_type});						-- display an error message
				return SBN; 
			end
		else
			set_message ('maint_isbn_ignore');									-- add a maint category even when there is no error (ToDo: Possibly switch to separate message for SBNs only)
		end
		return SBN;
	end

	if id:match ('[^%s-0-9X]') then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char);					-- fail if SBN contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X
	end

	local ident = id:gsub ('[%s-]', '');										-- remove hyphens and whitespace; they interfere with the rest of the tests

	if  9 ~= ident:len() then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.length);					-- fail if incorrect length
	end

	if ident:match ('^%d*X?$') == nil then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.form);					-- fail if SBN has 'X' anywhere but last position
	end

	return return_result (is_valid_isxn ('0' .. ident, 10), cfg.err_msg_supl.check);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S S R N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Format an SSRN, do simple error checking

SSRNs are sequential numbers beginning at 100? and counting up.  This code checks the SSRN to see that it is
only digits and is greater than 99 and less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need
to be updated periodically as more SSRNs are issued.

]]

local function ssrn (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local id_num;
	local text;
	
	id_num = id:match ('^%d+$');												-- id must be all digits

	if is_set (id_num) then														-- id_num has a value so test it
		id_num = tonumber (id_num);												-- convert id_num to a number for range testing
		if 100 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then						-- if SSRN is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_ssrn');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['SSRN'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	else																		-- when id format incorrect
		set_message ('err_bad_ssrn');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['SSRN'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = options.access});

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; U S E N E T _ I D &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Validate and format a usenet message id.  Simple error checking, looks for 'id-left@id-right' not enclosed in
'&lt;' and/or '&gt;' angle brackets.

]]

local function usenet_id (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;

	local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode})
 
	if not id:match('^.+@.+$') or not id:match('^[^&lt;].*[^&gt;]$') then				-- doesn't have '@' or has one or first or last character is '&lt; or '&gt;'
		set_message ('err_bad_usenet_id')										-- add an error message if the message id is invalid
		options.coins_list_t['USENETID'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end 
	
	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; Z B L &gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------------

A numerical identifier in the form nnnn.nnnnn - leading zeros in the first quartet optional

format described here: http://emis.mi.sanu.ac.rs/ZMATH/zmath/en/help/search/

temporary format is apparently eight digits.  Anything else is an error

]]

local function zbl (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:match('^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then										-- is this identifier using temporary format?
		set_message ('maint_zbl');												-- yes, add maint cat
	elseif not id:match('^%d?%d?%d?%d%.%d%d%d%d%d$') then						-- not temporary, is it normal format?
		set_message ('err_bad_zbl');											-- no, set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['ZBL'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--============================&lt;&lt; I N T E R F A C E   F U N C T I O N S &gt;&gt;==========================================

--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T R A C T _ I D S &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Populates ID table from arguments using configuration settings. Loops through cfg.id_handlers and searches args for
any of the parameters listed in each cfg.id_handlers['...'].parameters.  If found, adds the parameter and value to
the identifier list.  Emits redundant error message if more than one alias exists in args

]]

local function extract_ids (args)
	local id_list = {};															-- list of identifiers found in args
	for k, v in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do										-- k is uppercase identifier name as index to cfg.id_handlers; e.g. cfg.id_handlers['ISBN'], v is a table
		v = select_one (args, v.parameters, 'err_redundant_parameters' );		-- v.parameters is a table of aliases for k; here we pick one from args if present
		if is_set (v) then id_list[k] = v; end									-- if found in args, add identifier to our list
	end
	return id_list;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T R A C T _ I D _ A C C E S S _ L E V E L S &gt;--------------------------------------

Fetches custom id access levels from arguments using configuration settings. Parameters which have a predefined access
level (e.g. arxiv) do not use this function as they are directly rendered as free without using an additional parameter.

returns a table of k/v pairs where k is same as the identifier's key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned (valid) keyword

access-level values must match the case used in cfg.keywords_lists['id-access'] (lowercase unless there is some special reason for something else)

]]

local function extract_id_access_levels (args, id_list)
	local id_accesses_list = {};
	for k, v in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do
		local access_param = v.custom_access;									-- name of identifier's access-level parameter
		if is_set (access_param) then
			local access_level = args[access_param];							-- get the assigned value if there is one
			if is_set (access_level) then
				if not in_array (access_level, cfg.keywords_lists['id-access']) then	-- exact match required
					set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {access_param, access_level});	
					access_level = nil;											-- invalid so unset
				end
				if not is_set (id_list[k]) then									-- identifier access-level must have a matching identifier
					set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {k:lower()});	-- parameter name is uppercase in cfg.id_handlers (k); lowercase for error message
				end
				id_accesses_list[k] = cfg.keywords_xlate[access_level];			-- get translated keyword
			end
		end
	end
	return id_accesses_list;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; B U I L D _ I D _ L I S T &gt;----------------------------------------------------

render the identifiers into a sorted sequence table

&lt;ID_list_coins_t&gt; is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value
&lt;options_t&gt; is a table of various k/v option pairs provided in the call to new_build_id_list();
	modified by	this function and passed to all identifier rendering functions
&lt;access_levels_t&gt; is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value (if valid)

returns a sequence table of sorted (by hkey - 'handler' key) rendered identifier strings

]]

local function build_id_list (ID_list_coins_t, options_t, access_levels_t)
	local ID_list_t = {};
	local accept;
	local func_map = {															--function map points to functions associated with hkey identifier
		['ARXIV'] = arxiv,
		['ASIN'] = asin,
		['BIBCODE'] = bibcode,
		['BIORXIV'] = biorxiv,
		['CITESEERX'] = citeseerx,
		['DOI'] = doi,
		['EISSN'] = issn,
		['HDL'] = hdl,
		['ISBN'] = isbn,
		['ISMN'] = ismn,
		['ISSN'] = issn,
		['JFM'] = jfm,
		['JSTOR'] = jstor,
		['LCCN'] = lccn,
		['MEDRXIV'] = medrxiv,
		['MR'] = mr,
		['OCLC'] = oclc,
		['OL'] = openlibrary,
		['OSTI'] = osti,
		['PMC'] = pmc,
		['PMID'] = pmid,
		['RFC']  = rfc,
		['S2CID'] = s2cid,
		['SBN'] = sbn,
		['SSRN'] = ssrn,
		['USENETID'] = usenet_id,
		['ZBL'] = zbl,
		}

	for hkey, v in pairs (ID_list_coins_t) do
		v, accept = has_accept_as_written (v);									-- remove accept-as-written markup if present; accept is boolean true when markup removed; false else
																				-- every function gets the options table with value v and accept boolean
		options_t.hkey = hkey;													-- ~/Configuration handler key
		options_t.id = v;														-- add that identifier value to the options table
		options_t.accept = accept;												-- add the accept boolean flag
		options_t.access = access_levels_t[hkey];								-- add the access level for those that have an |&lt;identifier-access= parameter
		options_t.handler = cfg.id_handlers[hkey];
		options_t.coins_list_t = ID_list_coins_t;								-- pointer to ID_list_coins_t; for |asin= and |ol=; also to keep erroneous values out of the citation's metadata
		options_t.coins_list_t[hkey] = v;										-- id value without accept-as-written markup for metadata
		
		if options_t.handler.access and not in_array (options_t.handler.access, cfg.keywords_lists['id-access']) then
			error (cfg.messages['unknown_ID_access'] .. options_t.handler.access);	-- here when handler access key set to a value not listed in list of allowed id access keywords
		end

		if func_map[hkey] then
			local id_text = func_map[hkey] (options_t);							-- call the function to get identifier text and any error message
			table.insert (ID_list_t, {hkey, id_text});							-- add identifier text to the output sequence table
		else
			error (cfg.messages['unknown_ID_key'] .. hkey);						-- here when func_map doesn't have a function for hkey
		end
	end

	local function comp (a, b)													-- used by following table.sort()
		return a[1]:lower() &lt; b[1]:lower();										-- sort by hkey
	end

	table.sort (ID_list_t, comp);												-- sequence table of tables sort	
	for k, v in ipairs (ID_list_t) do											-- convert sequence table of tables to simple sequence table of strings
		ID_list_t[k] = v[2];													-- v[2] is the identifier rendering from the call to the various functions in func_map{}
	end
	
	return ID_list_t;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; O P T I O N S _ C H E C K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

check that certain option parameters have their associated identifier parameters with values

&lt;ID_list_coins_t&gt; is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value
&lt;ID_support_t&gt; is a sequence table of tables created in citation0() where each subtable has four elements:
	[1] is the support parameter's assigned value; empty string if not set
	[2] is a text string same as key in cfg.id_handlers
	[3] is cfg.error_conditions key used to create error message
	[4] is original ID support parameter name used to create error message
	
returns nothing; on error emits an appropriate error message

]]

local function options_check (ID_list_coins_t, ID_support_t)
	for _, v in ipairs (ID_support_t) do
		if is_set (v[1]) and not ID_list_coins_t[v[2]] then						-- when support parameter has a value but matching identifier parameter is missing or empty
			set_message (v[3], (v[4]));											-- emit the appropriate error message
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I D E N T I F I E R _ L I S T S _ G E T &gt;--------------------------------------

Creates two identifier lists: a k/v table of identifiers and their values to be used locally and for use in the
COinS metadata, and a sequence table of the rendered identifier strings that will be included in the rendered
citation.

]]

local function identifier_lists_get (args_t, options_t, ID_support_t)
	local ID_list_coins_t = extract_ids (args_t);										-- get a table of identifiers and their values for use locally and for use in COinS
	options_check (ID_list_coins_t, ID_support_t);										-- ID support parameters must have matching identifier parameters 
	local ID_access_levels_t = extract_id_access_levels (args_t, ID_list_coins_t);		-- get a table of identifier access levels
	local ID_list_t = build_id_list (ID_list_coins_t, options_t, ID_access_levels_t);	-- get a sequence table of rendered identifier strings

	return ID_list_t, ID_list_coins_t;											-- return the tables
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local cfg table and imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr)
	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;

	has_accept_as_written = utilities_page_ptr.has_accept_as_written;			-- import functions from select Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module
	is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set;								
	in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array;
	set_message = utilities_page_ptr.set_message;
	select_one = utilities_page_ptr.select_one;
	substitute = utilities_page_ptr.substitute;
	make_wikilink = utilities_page_ptr.make_wikilink;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	auto_link_urls = auto_link_urls,											-- table of identifier URLs to be used when auto-linking |title=
	
	identifier_lists_get = identifier_lists_get,								-- experiment to replace individual calls to build_id_list(), extract_ids, extract_id_access_levels
	is_embargoed = is_embargoed;
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules;
	}</text>
      <sha1>5bj1u7sbno5vyrz0hztvhaip3uwhy2w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>40689</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339254</id>
      <parentid>258894</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:56:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Trappist the monk</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>synch from sandbox;</comment>
      <origin>339254</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="25394" sha1="bvyfrlfh7kkrrt2v6jk2f3z13girav4" xml:space="preserve">local z = {
	error_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations that contain errors
	error_ids_t = {};															-- list of error identifiers; used to prevent duplication of certain errors; local to this module
	error_msgs_t = {};															-- sequence table of error messages
	maint_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations that aren't erroneous per se, but could use a little work
	prop_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations based on certain properties, language of source for instance
	prop_keys_t = {};															-- for adding classes to the citation's &lt;cite&gt; tag
};


--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local cfg;																		-- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string.

]]

local function is_set (var)
	return not (var == nil or var == '');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N _ A R R A Y &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Whether needle is in haystack

]]

local function in_array (needle, haystack)
	if needle == nil then
		return false;
	end
	for n, v in ipairs (haystack) do
		if v == needle then
			return n;
		end
	end
	return false;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ A C C E P T _ A S _ W R I T T E N &gt;------------------------------------

When &lt;str&gt; is wholly wrapped in accept-as-written markup, return &lt;str&gt; without markup and true; return &lt;str&gt; and false else

with allow_empty = false, &lt;str&gt; must have at least one character inside the markup
with allow_empty = true, &lt;str&gt; the markup frame can be empty like (()) to distinguish an empty template parameter from the specific condition &quot;has no applicable value&quot; in citation-context.

After further evaluation the two cases might be merged at a later stage, but should be kept separated for now.

]]

local function has_accept_as_written (str, allow_empty)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return str, false;
	end

	local count;

	if true == allow_empty then
		str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$', '%1'); 						-- allows (()) to be an empty set
	else
		str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1');
	end
	return str, 0 ~= count;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S U B S T I T U T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table. &lt;args&gt; may be a single string or a
sequence table of multiple strings.

]]

local function substitute (msg, args)
	return args and mw.message.newRawMessage (msg, args):plain() or msg;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E R R O R _ C O M M E N T &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Wraps error messages with CSS markup according to the state of hidden. &lt;content&gt; may be a single string or a
sequence table of multiple strings.

]]

local function error_comment (content, hidden)
	return substitute (hidden and cfg.presentation['hidden-error'] or cfg.presentation['visible-error'], content);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Converts a hyphen, endash, emdash to endash under certain conditions.  The hyphen/en/em must separate
like items; unlike items are returned unmodified.  These forms are modified:
	letter - letter (A-B)
	digit - digit (4-5)
	digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5)
	letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5)
	digitletter - digitletter (5a-5d) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d)

any other forms are returned unmodified.

str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list of page ranges with/without single pages

]]

local function hyphen_to_dash (str)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return str;
	end

	str = str:gsub (&quot;(%(%(.-%)%))&quot;, function(m) return m:gsub(&quot;,&quot;, &quot;，&quot;):gsub(&quot;;&quot;, &quot;；&quot;) end) -- replace commas and semicolons in accept-as-written markup with similar unicode characters so they'll be ignored during the split	
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;[nm]dash;', {['&amp;ndash;'] = '–', ['&amp;mdash;'] = '—'});		-- replace &amp;mdash; and &amp;ndash; entities with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;#45;', '-');												-- replace HTML numeric entity with hyphen character
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;', ' ');												-- replace &amp;nbsp; entity with generic keyboard space character
	
	local out = {};
	local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*');								-- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any

	local accept;																-- boolean

	for _, item in ipairs (list) do												-- for each item in the list
		item, accept = has_accept_as_written (item);							-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of item
		if not accept and mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[—–-]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then	-- if pagination uses &lt;hyphen|dot&gt; separators with hyphen/endash/emdash &lt;range separator&gt;
			if mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+[%.%-]%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+[%.%-]%d+$') or		-- letter&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;digit &lt;range separator&gt; letter&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;digit (requires &lt;hyphen|dot&gt; separator between letter and digit)
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+[%.%-]%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+[%.%-]%a+$') or		-- digit&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;letter &lt;range separator&gt; digit&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;letter (requires &lt;hyphen|dot&gt; separator between digit and letter)
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+$') then	-- digit&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;digit &lt;range separator&gt; digit&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;digit (requires &lt;hyphen|dot&gt; separator between digit and digit)
					item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '(%w*[%.%-]%w+)%s*[—–-]%s*(%w*[%.%-]%w+)', '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%1 –&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%2&lt;/span&gt;');	-- replace &lt;range separator&gt;, with spaced endash

			elseif mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+%a+$') or		-- digitletter &lt;range separator&gt; digitletter
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+%d+$') or			-- letterdigit &lt;range separator&gt; letterdigit
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+$') or				-- digit &lt;range separator&gt; digit
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+$') then				-- letter&lt;range separator&gt; letter
					item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '(%w+)%s*[—–-]%s*(%w+)', '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%1–&lt;/span&gt;%2');	-- replace &lt;range separator&gt; with endash, remove extraneous space characters

			else
	--			item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[—–-]%s*', '–');				-- disabled; here when 'unlike' items so return &lt;item&gt; as is
			end
		end
		table.insert (out, item);												-- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table
	end

	local temp_str;																-- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string
	temp_str, accept = has_accept_as_written (table.concat (out, ', '));		-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of concatenated out
	if accept then
		temp_str = has_accept_as_written (str);									-- when global markup removed, return original str; do it this way to suppress boolean second return value
		return temp_str:gsub(&quot;，&quot;, &quot;,&quot;):gsub(&quot;；&quot;, &quot;;&quot;);
	else
		return temp_str:gsub(&quot;，&quot;, &quot;,&quot;):gsub(&quot;；&quot;, &quot;;&quot;);						-- else, return assembled temp_str
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; M A K E _ W I K I L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only
link is provided (or link and display are the same), returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are
provided or link is omitted, returns an empty string.

]=]

local function make_wikilink (link, display)
	if not is_set (link) then return '' end

	if is_set (display) and link ~= display then			
		return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'});			
	else
		return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'});
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ M E S S A G E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Sets an error message using the ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table along with arguments supplied in the function
call, inserts the resulting message in z.error_msgs_t{} sequence table, and returns the error message.

&lt;error_id&gt; – key value for appropriate error handler in ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table 
&lt;arguments&gt; – may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings to be subsititued into error_conditions[error_id].message
&lt;raw&gt; – boolean
	true –	causes this function to return the error message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag;
			returns error_conditions[error_id].hidden as a second return value
			does not add message to z.error_msgs_t sequence table
	false, nil – adds message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag to z.error_msgs_t
			returns the error message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag; there is no second return value
&lt;prefix&gt; – string to be prepended to &lt;message&gt;									-- TODO: remove support for these unused(?) arguments?
&lt;suffix&gt; – string to be appended to &lt;message&gt;

TODO: change z.error_cats_t and z.maint_cats_t to have the form cat_name = true?  this to avoid dups without having to have an extra table

]]

local added_maint_cats = {}														-- list of maintenance categories that have been added to z.maint_cats_t; TODO: figure out how to delete this table

local function set_message (error_id, arguments, raw, prefix, suffix)
	local error_state = cfg.error_conditions[error_id];
	
	prefix = prefix or '';
	suffix = suffix or '';
	
	if error_state == nil then
		error (cfg.messages['undefined_error'] .. ': ' .. error_id);			-- because missing error handler in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration

	elseif is_set (error_state.category) then
		if error_state.message then												-- when error_state.message defined, this is an error message
			table.insert (z.error_cats_t, error_state.category);
		else
			if not added_maint_cats[error_id] then
				added_maint_cats[error_id] = true;								-- note that we've added this category
				table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (error_state.category, arguments));	-- make cat name then add to table
			end
			return;																-- because no message, nothing more to do
		end
	end

	local message = substitute (error_state.message, arguments);

	message = table.concat (
		{
		message,
		' (',
		make_wikilink (
			table.concat (
				{
				cfg.messages['help page link'],
				'#',
				error_state.anchor
				}),
			cfg.messages['help page label']),
		')'
		});

	z.error_ids_t[error_id] = true;
	if z.error_ids_t['err_citation_missing_title'] and							-- if missing-title error already noted
		in_array (error_id, {'err_bare_url_missing_title', 'err_trans_missing_title'}) then		-- and this error is one of these
			return '', false;													-- don't bother because one flavor of missing title is sufficient
	end
	
	message = table.concat ({prefix, message, suffix});

	if true == raw then
		return message, error_state.hidden;										-- return message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag
	end		

	message = error_comment (message, error_state.hidden);						-- wrap message in visible-error, hidden-error span tag
	table.insert (z.error_msgs_t, message);										-- add it to the messages sequence table
	return message;																-- and done; return value generally not used but is used as a flag in various functions of ~/Identifiers
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; I S _ A L I A S _ U S E D &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

This function is used by select_one() to determine if one of a list of alias parameters is in the argument list
provided by the template.

Input:
	args – pointer to the arguments table from calling template
	alias – one of the list of possible aliases in the aliases lists from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
	index – for enumerated parameters, identifies which one
	enumerated – true/false flag used to choose how enumerated aliases are examined
	value – value associated with an alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected
	selected – the alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected
	error_list – list of aliases that are duplicates of the alias already selected

Returns:
	value – value associated with alias we selected or that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected
	selected – the alias we selected or the alias that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected

]]

local function is_alias_used (args, alias, index, enumerated, value, selected, error_list)
	if enumerated then															-- is this a test for an enumerated parameters?
		alias = alias:gsub ('#', index);										-- replace '#' with the value in index
	else
		alias = alias:gsub ('#', '');											-- remove '#' if it exists
	end

	if is_set (args[alias]) then												-- alias is in the template's argument list
		if value ~= nil and selected ~= alias then								-- if we have already selected one of the aliases
			local skip;
			for _, v in ipairs (error_list) do									-- spin through the error list to see if we've added this alias
				if v == alias then
					skip = true;
					break;														-- has been added so stop looking 
				end
			end
			if not skip then													-- has not been added so
				table.insert (error_list, alias);								-- add error alias to the error list
			end
		else
			value = args[alias];												-- not yet selected an alias, so select this one
			selected = alias;
		end
	end
	return value, selected;														-- return newly selected alias, or previously selected alias
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ M A I N T _ C A T &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Adds a category to z.maint_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.
To prevent duplication, the added_maint_cats table lists the categories by key that have been added to z.maint_cats_t.

]]

local function add_maint_cat (key, arguments)
	if not added_maint_cats [key] then
		added_maint_cats [key] = true;											-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (cfg.maint_cats [key], arguments));	-- make name then add to table
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ P R O P _ C A T &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Adds a category to z.prop_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.

foreign_lang_source and foreign_lang_source_2 keys have a language code appended to them so that multiple languages
may be categorized but multiples of the same language are not categorized.

added_prop_cats is a table declared in page scope variables above

]]

local added_prop_cats = {};														-- list of property categories that have been added to z.prop_cats_t

local function add_prop_cat (key, arguments, key_modifier)
	local key_modified = key .. ((key_modifier and key_modifier) or '');		-- modify &lt;key&gt; with &lt;key_modifier&gt; if present and not nil
	
	if not added_prop_cats [key_modified] then
		added_prop_cats [key_modified] = true;									-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert (z.prop_cats_t, substitute (cfg.prop_cats [key], arguments));	-- make name then add to table
		table.insert (z.prop_keys_t, 'cs1-prop-' .. key);						-- convert key to class for use in the citation's &lt;cite&gt; tag
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ F O R _ I T A L I C S &gt;----------------------------------------------

Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... ''

Note: We cannot use &lt;i&gt; for italics, as the expected behavior for italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that
they will be inverted (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references.  In addition, &lt;i&gt; and '' tend to interact
poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy.

]]

local function safe_for_italics (str)
	if not is_set (str) then return str end

	if str:sub (1, 1) == &quot;'&quot; then str = &quot;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot; .. str; end
	if str:sub (-1, -1) == &quot;'&quot; then str = str .. &quot;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;; end
	
	return str:gsub ('\n', ' ');												-- Remove newlines as they break italics.
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; W R A P _ S T Y L E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Applies styling to various parameters.  Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one
argument; protects italic styled parameters.  Additional text taken from citation_config.presentation - the reason
this function is similar to but separate from wrap_msg().

]]

local function wrap_style (key, str)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return &quot;&quot;;
	elseif in_array (key, {'italic-title', 'trans-italic-title'}) then
		str = safe_for_italics (str);
	end

	return substitute (cfg.presentation[key], {str});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ S E P _ L I S T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

make a separated list of items using provided separators.
	&lt;sep_list&gt; - typically '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;'
	&lt;sep_list_pair&gt; - typically '&lt;space&gt;and&lt;space&gt;'
	&lt;sep_list_end&gt; - typically '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;and&lt;space&gt;' or '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;&amp;&lt;space&gt;'

defaults to cfg.presentation['sep_list'], cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'], and cfg.presentation['sep_list_end']
if &lt;sep_list_end&gt; is specified, &lt;sep_list&gt; and &lt;sep_list_pair&gt; must also be supplied

]]

local function make_sep_list (count, list_seq, sep_list, sep_list_pair, sep_list_end)
	local list = '';

	if not sep_list then														-- set the defaults
		sep_list = cfg.presentation['sep_list'];
		sep_list_pair = cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'];
		sep_list_end = cfg.presentation['sep_list_end'];
	end
	
	if 2 &gt;= count then
		list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list_pair);							-- insert separator between two items; returns list_seq[1] then only one item
	elseif 2 &lt; count then
		list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list, 1, count - 1);					-- concatenate all but last item with plain list separator
		list = table.concat ({list, list_seq[count]}, sep_list_end);			-- concatenate last item onto end of &lt;list&gt; with final separator
	end
	
	return list;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E L E C T _ O N E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Chooses one matching parameter from a list of parameters to consider.  The list of parameters to consider is just
names.  For parameters that may be enumerated, the position of the numerator in the parameter name is identified
by the '#' so |author-last1= and |author1-last= are represented as 'author-last#' and 'author#-last'.

Because enumerated parameter |&lt;param&gt;1= is an alias of |&lt;param&gt;= we must test for both possibilities.


Generates an error if more than one match is present.

]]

local function select_one (args, aliases_list, error_condition, index)
	local value = nil;															-- the value assigned to the selected parameter
	local selected = '';														-- the name of the parameter we have chosen
	local error_list = {};

	if index ~= nil then index = tostring(index); end

	for _, alias in ipairs (aliases_list) do									-- for each alias in the aliases list
		if alias:match ('#') then												-- if this alias can be enumerated
			if '1' == index then												-- when index is 1 test for enumerated and non-enumerated aliases
				value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list);	-- first test for non-enumerated alias
			end
			value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, true, value, selected, error_list);	-- test for enumerated alias
		else
			value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list);	-- test for non-enumerated alias
		end
	end

	if #error_list &gt; 0 and 'none' ~= error_condition then						-- for cases where this code is used outside of extract_names()
		for i, v in ipairs (error_list) do
			error_list[i] = wrap_style ('parameter', v);
		end
		table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', selected));
		set_message (error_condition, {make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)});
	end
	
	return value, selected;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; R E M O V E _ W I K I _ L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------

Gets the display text from a wikilink like [[A|B]] or [[B]] gives B

The str:gsub() returns either A|B froma [[A|B]] or B from [[B]] or B from B (no wikilink markup).

In l(), l:gsub() removes the link and pipe (if they exist); the second :gsub() trims whitespace from the label
if str was wrapped in wikilink markup.  Presumably, this is because without wikimarkup in str, there is no match
in the initial gsub, the replacement function l() doesn't get called.

]=]

local function remove_wiki_link (str)
	return (str:gsub (&quot;%[%[([^%[%]]*)%]%]&quot;, function(l)
		return l:gsub (&quot;^[^|]*|(.*)$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot; ):gsub (&quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;);
	end));
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ W I K I L I N K &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Determines if str is a wikilink, extracts, and returns the wikilink type, link text, and display text parts.
If str is a complex wikilink ([[L|D]]):
	returns wl_type 2 and D and L from [[L|D]];
if str is a simple wikilink ([[D]])
	returns wl_type 1 and D from [[D]] and L as empty string;
if not a wikilink:
	returns wl_type 0, str as D, and L as empty string.

trims leading and trailing whitespace and pipes from L and D ([[L|]] and [[|D]] are accepted by MediaWiki and
treated like [[D]]; while [[|D|]] is not accepted by MediaWiki, here, we accept it and return D without the pipes).

]=]

local function is_wikilink (str)
	local D, L
	local wl_type = 2;															-- assume that str is a complex wikilink [[L|D]]

	if not str:match ('^%[%[[^%]]+%]%]$') then									-- is str some sort of a wikilink (must have some sort of content)
		return 0, str, '';														-- not a wikilink; return wl_type as 0, str as D, and empty string as L
	end
	
	L, D = str:match ('^%[%[([^|]+)|([^%]]+)%]%]$');							-- get L and D from [[L|D]] 

	if not is_set (D) then														-- if no separate display
		D = str:match ('^%[%[([^%]]*)|*%]%]$');									-- get D from [[D]] or [[D|]]
		wl_type = 1; 
	end
	
	D = mw.text.trim (D, '%s|');												-- trim white space and pipe characters 
	return wl_type, D, L or '';
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T R I P _ A P O S T R O P H E _ M A R K U P &gt;--------------------------------

Strip wiki italic and bold markup from argument so that it doesn't contaminate COinS metadata.
This function strips common patterns of apostrophe markup.  We presume that editors who have taken the time to
markup a title have, as a result, provided valid markup. When they don't, some single apostrophes are left behind.

Returns the argument without wiki markup and a number; the number is more-or-less meaningless except as a flag
to indicate that markup was replaced; do not rely on it as an indicator of how many of any kind of markup was
removed; returns the argument and nil when no markup removed

]]

local function strip_apostrophe_markup (argument)
	if not is_set (argument) then
		return argument, nil;													-- no argument, nothing to do
	end

	if nil == argument:find ( &quot;''&quot;, 1, true ) then								-- Is there at least one double apostrophe?  If not, exit.
		return argument, nil;
	end

	local flag;
	while true do
		if argument:find (&quot;'''''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- bold italic (5)
			argument, flag = argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);					-- remove all instances of it
		elseif argument:find (&quot;''''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- italic start and end without content (4)
			argument, flag=argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		elseif argument:find (&quot;'''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- bold (3)
			argument, flag=argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		elseif argument:find (&quot;''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- italic (2)
			argument, flag = argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		else
			break;
		end
	end

	return argument, flag;														-- done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local cfg table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr)
	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;
	
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	add_maint_cat = add_maint_cat,												-- exported functions
	add_prop_cat = add_prop_cat,
	error_comment = error_comment,
	has_accept_as_written = has_accept_as_written,
	hyphen_to_dash = hyphen_to_dash,
	in_array = in_array,
	is_set = is_set,
	is_wikilink = is_wikilink,
	make_sep_list = make_sep_list,
	make_wikilink = make_wikilink,
	remove_wiki_link = remove_wiki_link,
	safe_for_italics = safe_for_italics,
	select_one = select_one,
	set_message = set_message,
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules,
	strip_apostrophe_markup = strip_apostrophe_markup,
	substitute = substitute,
	wrap_style = wrap_style,

	z = z,																		-- exported table
	}</text>
      <sha1>bvyfrlfh7kkrrt2v6jk2f3z13girav4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339255</id>
      <parentid>339254</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339254</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="25394" sha1="bvyfrlfh7kkrrt2v6jk2f3z13girav4" xml:space="preserve">local z = {
	error_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations that contain errors
	error_ids_t = {};															-- list of error identifiers; used to prevent duplication of certain errors; local to this module
	error_msgs_t = {};															-- sequence table of error messages
	maint_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations that aren't erroneous per se, but could use a little work
	prop_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations based on certain properties, language of source for instance
	prop_keys_t = {};															-- for adding classes to the citation's &lt;cite&gt; tag
};


--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local cfg;																		-- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string.

]]

local function is_set (var)
	return not (var == nil or var == '');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N _ A R R A Y &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Whether needle is in haystack

]]

local function in_array (needle, haystack)
	if needle == nil then
		return false;
	end
	for n, v in ipairs (haystack) do
		if v == needle then
			return n;
		end
	end
	return false;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ A C C E P T _ A S _ W R I T T E N &gt;------------------------------------

When &lt;str&gt; is wholly wrapped in accept-as-written markup, return &lt;str&gt; without markup and true; return &lt;str&gt; and false else

with allow_empty = false, &lt;str&gt; must have at least one character inside the markup
with allow_empty = true, &lt;str&gt; the markup frame can be empty like (()) to distinguish an empty template parameter from the specific condition &quot;has no applicable value&quot; in citation-context.

After further evaluation the two cases might be merged at a later stage, but should be kept separated for now.

]]

local function has_accept_as_written (str, allow_empty)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return str, false;
	end

	local count;

	if true == allow_empty then
		str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$', '%1'); 						-- allows (()) to be an empty set
	else
		str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1');
	end
	return str, 0 ~= count;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S U B S T I T U T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table. &lt;args&gt; may be a single string or a
sequence table of multiple strings.

]]

local function substitute (msg, args)
	return args and mw.message.newRawMessage (msg, args):plain() or msg;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E R R O R _ C O M M E N T &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Wraps error messages with CSS markup according to the state of hidden. &lt;content&gt; may be a single string or a
sequence table of multiple strings.

]]

local function error_comment (content, hidden)
	return substitute (hidden and cfg.presentation['hidden-error'] or cfg.presentation['visible-error'], content);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Converts a hyphen, endash, emdash to endash under certain conditions.  The hyphen/en/em must separate
like items; unlike items are returned unmodified.  These forms are modified:
	letter - letter (A-B)
	digit - digit (4-5)
	digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5)
	letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5)
	digitletter - digitletter (5a-5d) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d)

any other forms are returned unmodified.

str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list of page ranges with/without single pages

]]

local function hyphen_to_dash (str)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return str;
	end

	str = str:gsub (&quot;(%(%(.-%)%))&quot;, function(m) return m:gsub(&quot;,&quot;, &quot;，&quot;):gsub(&quot;;&quot;, &quot;；&quot;) end) -- replace commas and semicolons in accept-as-written markup with similar unicode characters so they'll be ignored during the split	
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;[nm]dash;', {['&amp;ndash;'] = '–', ['&amp;mdash;'] = '—'});		-- replace &amp;mdash; and &amp;ndash; entities with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;#45;', '-');												-- replace HTML numeric entity with hyphen character
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;', ' ');												-- replace &amp;nbsp; entity with generic keyboard space character
	
	local out = {};
	local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*');								-- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any

	local accept;																-- boolean

	for _, item in ipairs (list) do												-- for each item in the list
		item, accept = has_accept_as_written (item);							-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of item
		if not accept and mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[—–-]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then	-- if pagination uses &lt;hyphen|dot&gt; separators with hyphen/endash/emdash &lt;range separator&gt;
			if mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+[%.%-]%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+[%.%-]%d+$') or		-- letter&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;digit &lt;range separator&gt; letter&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;digit (requires &lt;hyphen|dot&gt; separator between letter and digit)
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+[%.%-]%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+[%.%-]%a+$') or		-- digit&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;letter &lt;range separator&gt; digit&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;letter (requires &lt;hyphen|dot&gt; separator between digit and letter)
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+$') then	-- digit&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;digit &lt;range separator&gt; digit&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;digit (requires &lt;hyphen|dot&gt; separator between digit and digit)
					item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '(%w*[%.%-]%w+)%s*[—–-]%s*(%w*[%.%-]%w+)', '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%1 –&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%2&lt;/span&gt;');	-- replace &lt;range separator&gt;, with spaced endash

			elseif mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+%a+$') or		-- digitletter &lt;range separator&gt; digitletter
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+%d+$') or			-- letterdigit &lt;range separator&gt; letterdigit
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+$') or				-- digit &lt;range separator&gt; digit
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+$') then				-- letter&lt;range separator&gt; letter
					item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '(%w+)%s*[—–-]%s*(%w+)', '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%1–&lt;/span&gt;%2');	-- replace &lt;range separator&gt; with endash, remove extraneous space characters

			else
	--			item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[—–-]%s*', '–');				-- disabled; here when 'unlike' items so return &lt;item&gt; as is
			end
		end
		table.insert (out, item);												-- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table
	end

	local temp_str;																-- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string
	temp_str, accept = has_accept_as_written (table.concat (out, ', '));		-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of concatenated out
	if accept then
		temp_str = has_accept_as_written (str);									-- when global markup removed, return original str; do it this way to suppress boolean second return value
		return temp_str:gsub(&quot;，&quot;, &quot;,&quot;):gsub(&quot;；&quot;, &quot;;&quot;);
	else
		return temp_str:gsub(&quot;，&quot;, &quot;,&quot;):gsub(&quot;；&quot;, &quot;;&quot;);						-- else, return assembled temp_str
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; M A K E _ W I K I L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only
link is provided (or link and display are the same), returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are
provided or link is omitted, returns an empty string.

]=]

local function make_wikilink (link, display)
	if not is_set (link) then return '' end

	if is_set (display) and link ~= display then			
		return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'});			
	else
		return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'});
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ M E S S A G E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Sets an error message using the ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table along with arguments supplied in the function
call, inserts the resulting message in z.error_msgs_t{} sequence table, and returns the error message.

&lt;error_id&gt; – key value for appropriate error handler in ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table 
&lt;arguments&gt; – may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings to be subsititued into error_conditions[error_id].message
&lt;raw&gt; – boolean
	true –	causes this function to return the error message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag;
			returns error_conditions[error_id].hidden as a second return value
			does not add message to z.error_msgs_t sequence table
	false, nil – adds message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag to z.error_msgs_t
			returns the error message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag; there is no second return value
&lt;prefix&gt; – string to be prepended to &lt;message&gt;									-- TODO: remove support for these unused(?) arguments?
&lt;suffix&gt; – string to be appended to &lt;message&gt;

TODO: change z.error_cats_t and z.maint_cats_t to have the form cat_name = true?  this to avoid dups without having to have an extra table

]]

local added_maint_cats = {}														-- list of maintenance categories that have been added to z.maint_cats_t; TODO: figure out how to delete this table

local function set_message (error_id, arguments, raw, prefix, suffix)
	local error_state = cfg.error_conditions[error_id];
	
	prefix = prefix or '';
	suffix = suffix or '';
	
	if error_state == nil then
		error (cfg.messages['undefined_error'] .. ': ' .. error_id);			-- because missing error handler in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration

	elseif is_set (error_state.category) then
		if error_state.message then												-- when error_state.message defined, this is an error message
			table.insert (z.error_cats_t, error_state.category);
		else
			if not added_maint_cats[error_id] then
				added_maint_cats[error_id] = true;								-- note that we've added this category
				table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (error_state.category, arguments));	-- make cat name then add to table
			end
			return;																-- because no message, nothing more to do
		end
	end

	local message = substitute (error_state.message, arguments);

	message = table.concat (
		{
		message,
		' (',
		make_wikilink (
			table.concat (
				{
				cfg.messages['help page link'],
				'#',
				error_state.anchor
				}),
			cfg.messages['help page label']),
		')'
		});

	z.error_ids_t[error_id] = true;
	if z.error_ids_t['err_citation_missing_title'] and							-- if missing-title error already noted
		in_array (error_id, {'err_bare_url_missing_title', 'err_trans_missing_title'}) then		-- and this error is one of these
			return '', false;													-- don't bother because one flavor of missing title is sufficient
	end
	
	message = table.concat ({prefix, message, suffix});

	if true == raw then
		return message, error_state.hidden;										-- return message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag
	end		

	message = error_comment (message, error_state.hidden);						-- wrap message in visible-error, hidden-error span tag
	table.insert (z.error_msgs_t, message);										-- add it to the messages sequence table
	return message;																-- and done; return value generally not used but is used as a flag in various functions of ~/Identifiers
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; I S _ A L I A S _ U S E D &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

This function is used by select_one() to determine if one of a list of alias parameters is in the argument list
provided by the template.

Input:
	args – pointer to the arguments table from calling template
	alias – one of the list of possible aliases in the aliases lists from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
	index – for enumerated parameters, identifies which one
	enumerated – true/false flag used to choose how enumerated aliases are examined
	value – value associated with an alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected
	selected – the alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected
	error_list – list of aliases that are duplicates of the alias already selected

Returns:
	value – value associated with alias we selected or that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected
	selected – the alias we selected or the alias that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected

]]

local function is_alias_used (args, alias, index, enumerated, value, selected, error_list)
	if enumerated then															-- is this a test for an enumerated parameters?
		alias = alias:gsub ('#', index);										-- replace '#' with the value in index
	else
		alias = alias:gsub ('#', '');											-- remove '#' if it exists
	end

	if is_set (args[alias]) then												-- alias is in the template's argument list
		if value ~= nil and selected ~= alias then								-- if we have already selected one of the aliases
			local skip;
			for _, v in ipairs (error_list) do									-- spin through the error list to see if we've added this alias
				if v == alias then
					skip = true;
					break;														-- has been added so stop looking 
				end
			end
			if not skip then													-- has not been added so
				table.insert (error_list, alias);								-- add error alias to the error list
			end
		else
			value = args[alias];												-- not yet selected an alias, so select this one
			selected = alias;
		end
	end
	return value, selected;														-- return newly selected alias, or previously selected alias
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ M A I N T _ C A T &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Adds a category to z.maint_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.
To prevent duplication, the added_maint_cats table lists the categories by key that have been added to z.maint_cats_t.

]]

local function add_maint_cat (key, arguments)
	if not added_maint_cats [key] then
		added_maint_cats [key] = true;											-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (cfg.maint_cats [key], arguments));	-- make name then add to table
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ P R O P _ C A T &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Adds a category to z.prop_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.

foreign_lang_source and foreign_lang_source_2 keys have a language code appended to them so that multiple languages
may be categorized but multiples of the same language are not categorized.

added_prop_cats is a table declared in page scope variables above

]]

local added_prop_cats = {};														-- list of property categories that have been added to z.prop_cats_t

local function add_prop_cat (key, arguments, key_modifier)
	local key_modified = key .. ((key_modifier and key_modifier) or '');		-- modify &lt;key&gt; with &lt;key_modifier&gt; if present and not nil
	
	if not added_prop_cats [key_modified] then
		added_prop_cats [key_modified] = true;									-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert (z.prop_cats_t, substitute (cfg.prop_cats [key], arguments));	-- make name then add to table
		table.insert (z.prop_keys_t, 'cs1-prop-' .. key);						-- convert key to class for use in the citation's &lt;cite&gt; tag
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ F O R _ I T A L I C S &gt;----------------------------------------------

Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... ''

Note: We cannot use &lt;i&gt; for italics, as the expected behavior for italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that
they will be inverted (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references.  In addition, &lt;i&gt; and '' tend to interact
poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy.

]]

local function safe_for_italics (str)
	if not is_set (str) then return str end

	if str:sub (1, 1) == &quot;'&quot; then str = &quot;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot; .. str; end
	if str:sub (-1, -1) == &quot;'&quot; then str = str .. &quot;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;; end
	
	return str:gsub ('\n', ' ');												-- Remove newlines as they break italics.
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; W R A P _ S T Y L E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Applies styling to various parameters.  Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one
argument; protects italic styled parameters.  Additional text taken from citation_config.presentation - the reason
this function is similar to but separate from wrap_msg().

]]

local function wrap_style (key, str)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return &quot;&quot;;
	elseif in_array (key, {'italic-title', 'trans-italic-title'}) then
		str = safe_for_italics (str);
	end

	return substitute (cfg.presentation[key], {str});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ S E P _ L I S T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

make a separated list of items using provided separators.
	&lt;sep_list&gt; - typically '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;'
	&lt;sep_list_pair&gt; - typically '&lt;space&gt;and&lt;space&gt;'
	&lt;sep_list_end&gt; - typically '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;and&lt;space&gt;' or '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;&amp;&lt;space&gt;'

defaults to cfg.presentation['sep_list'], cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'], and cfg.presentation['sep_list_end']
if &lt;sep_list_end&gt; is specified, &lt;sep_list&gt; and &lt;sep_list_pair&gt; must also be supplied

]]

local function make_sep_list (count, list_seq, sep_list, sep_list_pair, sep_list_end)
	local list = '';

	if not sep_list then														-- set the defaults
		sep_list = cfg.presentation['sep_list'];
		sep_list_pair = cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'];
		sep_list_end = cfg.presentation['sep_list_end'];
	end
	
	if 2 &gt;= count then
		list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list_pair);							-- insert separator between two items; returns list_seq[1] then only one item
	elseif 2 &lt; count then
		list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list, 1, count - 1);					-- concatenate all but last item with plain list separator
		list = table.concat ({list, list_seq[count]}, sep_list_end);			-- concatenate last item onto end of &lt;list&gt; with final separator
	end
	
	return list;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E L E C T _ O N E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Chooses one matching parameter from a list of parameters to consider.  The list of parameters to consider is just
names.  For parameters that may be enumerated, the position of the numerator in the parameter name is identified
by the '#' so |author-last1= and |author1-last= are represented as 'author-last#' and 'author#-last'.

Because enumerated parameter |&lt;param&gt;1= is an alias of |&lt;param&gt;= we must test for both possibilities.


Generates an error if more than one match is present.

]]

local function select_one (args, aliases_list, error_condition, index)
	local value = nil;															-- the value assigned to the selected parameter
	local selected = '';														-- the name of the parameter we have chosen
	local error_list = {};

	if index ~= nil then index = tostring(index); end

	for _, alias in ipairs (aliases_list) do									-- for each alias in the aliases list
		if alias:match ('#') then												-- if this alias can be enumerated
			if '1' == index then												-- when index is 1 test for enumerated and non-enumerated aliases
				value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list);	-- first test for non-enumerated alias
			end
			value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, true, value, selected, error_list);	-- test for enumerated alias
		else
			value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list);	-- test for non-enumerated alias
		end
	end

	if #error_list &gt; 0 and 'none' ~= error_condition then						-- for cases where this code is used outside of extract_names()
		for i, v in ipairs (error_list) do
			error_list[i] = wrap_style ('parameter', v);
		end
		table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', selected));
		set_message (error_condition, {make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)});
	end
	
	return value, selected;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; R E M O V E _ W I K I _ L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------

Gets the display text from a wikilink like [[A|B]] or [[B]] gives B

The str:gsub() returns either A|B froma [[A|B]] or B from [[B]] or B from B (no wikilink markup).

In l(), l:gsub() removes the link and pipe (if they exist); the second :gsub() trims whitespace from the label
if str was wrapped in wikilink markup.  Presumably, this is because without wikimarkup in str, there is no match
in the initial gsub, the replacement function l() doesn't get called.

]=]

local function remove_wiki_link (str)
	return (str:gsub (&quot;%[%[([^%[%]]*)%]%]&quot;, function(l)
		return l:gsub (&quot;^[^|]*|(.*)$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot; ):gsub (&quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;);
	end));
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ W I K I L I N K &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Determines if str is a wikilink, extracts, and returns the wikilink type, link text, and display text parts.
If str is a complex wikilink ([[L|D]]):
	returns wl_type 2 and D and L from [[L|D]];
if str is a simple wikilink ([[D]])
	returns wl_type 1 and D from [[D]] and L as empty string;
if not a wikilink:
	returns wl_type 0, str as D, and L as empty string.

trims leading and trailing whitespace and pipes from L and D ([[L|]] and [[|D]] are accepted by MediaWiki and
treated like [[D]]; while [[|D|]] is not accepted by MediaWiki, here, we accept it and return D without the pipes).

]=]

local function is_wikilink (str)
	local D, L
	local wl_type = 2;															-- assume that str is a complex wikilink [[L|D]]

	if not str:match ('^%[%[[^%]]+%]%]$') then									-- is str some sort of a wikilink (must have some sort of content)
		return 0, str, '';														-- not a wikilink; return wl_type as 0, str as D, and empty string as L
	end
	
	L, D = str:match ('^%[%[([^|]+)|([^%]]+)%]%]$');							-- get L and D from [[L|D]] 

	if not is_set (D) then														-- if no separate display
		D = str:match ('^%[%[([^%]]*)|*%]%]$');									-- get D from [[D]] or [[D|]]
		wl_type = 1; 
	end
	
	D = mw.text.trim (D, '%s|');												-- trim white space and pipe characters 
	return wl_type, D, L or '';
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T R I P _ A P O S T R O P H E _ M A R K U P &gt;--------------------------------

Strip wiki italic and bold markup from argument so that it doesn't contaminate COinS metadata.
This function strips common patterns of apostrophe markup.  We presume that editors who have taken the time to
markup a title have, as a result, provided valid markup. When they don't, some single apostrophes are left behind.

Returns the argument without wiki markup and a number; the number is more-or-less meaningless except as a flag
to indicate that markup was replaced; do not rely on it as an indicator of how many of any kind of markup was
removed; returns the argument and nil when no markup removed

]]

local function strip_apostrophe_markup (argument)
	if not is_set (argument) then
		return argument, nil;													-- no argument, nothing to do
	end

	if nil == argument:find ( &quot;''&quot;, 1, true ) then								-- Is there at least one double apostrophe?  If not, exit.
		return argument, nil;
	end

	local flag;
	while true do
		if argument:find (&quot;'''''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- bold italic (5)
			argument, flag = argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);					-- remove all instances of it
		elseif argument:find (&quot;''''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- italic start and end without content (4)
			argument, flag=argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		elseif argument:find (&quot;'''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- bold (3)
			argument, flag=argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		elseif argument:find (&quot;''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- italic (2)
			argument, flag = argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		else
			break;
		end
	end

	return argument, flag;														-- done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local cfg table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr)
	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;
	
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	add_maint_cat = add_maint_cat,												-- exported functions
	add_prop_cat = add_prop_cat,
	error_comment = error_comment,
	has_accept_as_written = has_accept_as_written,
	hyphen_to_dash = hyphen_to_dash,
	in_array = in_array,
	is_set = is_set,
	is_wikilink = is_wikilink,
	make_sep_list = make_sep_list,
	make_wikilink = make_wikilink,
	remove_wiki_link = remove_wiki_link,
	safe_for_italics = safe_for_italics,
	select_one = select_one,
	set_message = set_message,
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules,
	strip_apostrophe_markup = strip_apostrophe_markup,
	substitute = substitute,
	wrap_style = wrap_style,

	z = z,																		-- exported table
	}</text>
      <sha1>bvyfrlfh7kkrrt2v6jk2f3z13girav4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>40690</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339252</id>
      <parentid>258896</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:56:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Trappist the monk</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>synch from sandbox;</comment>
      <origin>339252</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="17977" sha1="1livvij6p41ygpz0myvp2ov8j5lfzcj" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; S U P P O R T E D   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;--------------------------------------

Because a steady-state signal conveys no useful information, whitelist.basic_arguments[] list items can have three values:
	true - these parameters are valid and supported parameters
	false - these parameters are deprecated but still supported
	tracked - these parameters are valid and supported parameters tracked in an eponymous properties category
	nil - these parameters are no longer supported. remove entirely
	
]]

local basic_arguments_t = {
	['accessdate'] = true,
	['access-date'] = true,
	['agency'] = true,
	['archivedate'] = true,
	['archive-date'] = true,
	['archive-format'] = true,
	['archiveurl'] = true,
	['archive-url'] = true,
	['article'] = true,
	['article-format'] = true,
	['article-number'] = true,													-- {{cite journal}}, {{cite conference}}; {{citation}} when |journal= has a value
	['article-url'] = true,
	['article-url-access'] = true,
	['arxiv'] = true,															-- cite arxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier
	['asin'] = true,
	['ASIN'] = true,
	['asin-tld'] = true,
	['at'] = true,
	['author'] = true,
	['author-first'] = true,
	['author-given'] = true,
	['author-last'] = true,
	['author-surname'] = true,
	['authorlink'] = true,
	['author-link'] = true,
	['author-mask'] = true,
	['bibcode'] = true,
	['bibcode-access'] = true,
	['biorxiv'] = true,															-- cite biorxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier
	['chapter'] = true,
	['chapter-format'] = true,
	['chapter-url'] = true,
	['chapter-url-access'] = true,
	['citeseerx'] = false,														-- cite citeseerx; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier
	['collaboration'] = true,
	['contribution'] = true,
	['contribution-format'] = true,
	['contribution-url'] = true,
	['contribution-url-access'] = true,
	['contributor'] = true,
	['contributor-first'] = true,
	['contributor-given'] = true,
	['contributor-last'] = true,
	['contributor-surname'] = true,
	['contributor-link'] = true,
	['contributor-mask'] = true,
	['date'] = true,
	['department'] = true,
	['df'] = true,
	['dictionary'] = true,
	['display-authors'] = true,
	['display-contributors'] = true,
	['display-editors'] = true,
	['display-interviewers'] = true,
	['display-subjects'] = true,
	['display-translators'] = true,
	['doi'] = true,
	['DOI'] = true,
	['doi-access'] = true,
	['doi-broken-date'] = true,
	['edition'] = true,
	['editor'] = true,
	['editor-first'] = true,
	['editor-given'] = true,
	['editor-last'] = true,
	['editor-surname'] = true,
	['editor-link'] = true,
	['editor-mask'] = true,
	['eissn'] = true,
	['EISSN'] = true,
	['encyclopaedia'] = true,
	['encyclopedia'] = true,
	['entry'] = true,
	['entry-format'] = true,
	['entry-url'] = true,
	['entry-url-access'] = true,
	['eprint'] = true,															-- cite arxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier
	['first'] = true,
	['format'] = true,
	['given'] = true,
	['hdl'] = true,
	['HDL'] = true,
	['hdl-access'] = true,
	['host'] = true,															-- unique to certain templates?
	['id'] = true,
	['ID'] = true,
	['institution'] = true,														-- constrain to cite thesis?
	['interviewer'] = true,
	['interviewer-first'] = true,
	['interviewer-given'] = true,
	['interviewer-last'] = true,
	['interviewer-surname'] = true,
	['interviewer-link'] = true,
	['interviewer-mask'] = true,
	['isbn'] = true,
	['ISBN'] = true,
	['ismn'] = true,
	['ISMN'] = true,
	['issn'] = true,
	['ISSN'] = true,
	['issue'] = true,
	['jfm'] = true,
	['JFM'] = true,
	['journal'] = true,
	['jstor'] = true,
	['JSTOR'] = true,
	['jstor-access'] = true,
	['lang'] = true,
	['language'] = true,
	['last'] = true,
	['lccn'] = true,
	['LCCN'] = true,
	['location'] = true,
	['magazine'] = true,
	['medium'] = true,
	['medrxiv'] = true,															-- cite medrxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier
	['minutes'] = true,															-- constrain to cite AV media and podcast?
	['mode'] = true,
	['mr'] = true,
	['MR'] = true,
	['name-list-style'] = true,
	['newspaper'] = true,
	['no-pp'] = true,
	['no-tracking'] = true,
	['number'] = true,
	['oclc'] = true,
	['OCLC'] = true,
	['ol'] = true,
	['OL'] = true,
	['ol-access'] = true,
	['orig-date'] = true,
	['origyear'] = true,
	['orig-year'] = true,
	['osti'] = true,
	['OSTI'] = true,
	['osti-access'] = true,
	['others'] = true,
	['p'] = true,
	['page'] = true,
	['pages'] = true,
	['periodical'] = true,
	['place'] = true,
	['pmc'] = true,
	['PMC'] = true,
	['pmc-embargo-date'] = true,
	['pmid'] = true,
	['PMID'] = true,
	['postscript'] = true,
	['pp'] = true,
	['publication-date'] = true,
	['publication-place'] = true,
	['publisher'] = true,
	['quotation'] = true,
	['quote'] = true,
	['quote-page'] = true,
	['quote-pages'] = true,
	['ref'] = true,
	['rfc'] = true,
	['RFC'] = true,
	['sbn'] = true,
	['SBN'] = true,
	['scale'] = true,
	['script-article'] = true,
	['script-chapter'] = true,
	['script-contribution'] = true,
	['script-encyclopaedia'] = true,
	['script-encyclopedia'] = true,
	['script-entry'] = true,
	['script-journal'] = true,
	['script-magazine'] = true,
	['script-newspaper'] = true,
	['script-periodical'] = true,
	['script-quote'] = true,
	['script-section'] = true,
	['script-title'] = true,
	['script-website'] = true,
	['script-work'] = true,
	['section'] = true,
	['section-format'] = true,
	['section-url'] = true,
	['section-url-access'] = true,
	['series'] = true,
	['ssrn'] = true,															-- cite ssrn; these three here because allowed in cite ... as identifier
	['SSRN'] = true,
	['ssrn-access'] = true,
	['subject'] = true,
	['subject-first'] = true,
	['subject-given'] = true,
	['subject-last'] = true,
	['subject-link'] = true,
	['subject-mask'] = true,
	['subject-surname'] = true,
	['surname'] = true,
	['s2cid'] = true,
	['S2CID'] = true,
	['s2cid-access'] = true,
	['template-doc-demo'] = true,
	['time'] = true,															-- constrain to cite av media and podcast?
	['time-caption'] = true,													-- constrain to cite av media and podcast?
	['title'] = true,
	['title-link'] = true,
	['title-note'] = true,
	['translator'] = true,
	['translator-first'] = true,
	['translator-given'] = true,
	['translator-last'] = true,	
	['translator-surname'] = true,
	['translator-link'] = true,
	['translator-mask'] = true,
	['trans-article'] = true,
	['trans-chapter'] = true,
	['trans-contribution'] = true,
	['trans-encyclopaedia'] = true,
	['trans-encyclopedia'] = true,
	['trans-entry'] = true,
	['trans-journal'] = true,
	['trans-magazine'] = true,
	['trans-newspaper'] = true,
	['trans-periodical'] = true,
	['trans-quote'] = true,
	['trans-section'] = true,
	['trans-title'] = true,
	['trans-website'] = true,
	['trans-work'] = true,
	['type'] = true,
	['url'] = true,
	['URL'] = true,
	['url-access'] = true,
	['url-status'] = true,
	['vauthors'] = true,
	['veditors'] = true,
	['version'] = true,
	['via'] = true,
	['volume'] = true,
	['website'] = true,
	['work'] = true,
	['year'] = true,
	['zbl'] = true,
	['ZBL'] = true,
	}

local numbered_arguments_t = {
	['author#'] = true,
	['author-first#'] = true,
	['author#-first'] = true,
	['author-given#'] = true,
	['author#-given'] = true,
	['author-last#'] = true,
	['author#-last'] = true,
	['author-surname#'] = true,
	['author#-surname'] = true,
	['author-link#'] = true,
	['author#-link'] = true,
	['authorlink#'] = true,
	['author#link'] = true,
	['author-mask#'] = true,
	['author#-mask'] = true,
	['contributor#'] = true,
	['contributor-first#'] = true,
	['contributor#-first'] = true,
	['contributor-given#'] = true,
	['contributor#-given'] = true,
	['contributor-last#'] = true,
	['contributor#-last'] = true,
	['contributor-surname#'] = true,
	['contributor#-surname'] = true,
	['contributor-link#'] = true,
	['contributor#-link'] = true,
	['contributor-mask#'] = true,
	['contributor#-mask'] = true,
	['editor#'] = true,
	['editor-first#'] = true,
	['editor#-first'] = true,
	['editor-given#'] = true,
	['editor#-given'] = true,
	['editor-last#'] = true,
	['editor#-last'] = true,
	['editor-surname#'] = true,
	['editor#-surname'] = true,
	['editor-link#'] = true,
	['editor#-link'] = true,
	['editor-mask#'] = true,
	['editor#-mask'] = true,
	['first#'] = true,
	['given#'] = true,
	['host#'] = true,
	['interviewer#'] = true,
	['interviewer-first#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-first'] = true,
	['interviewer-given#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-given'] = true,
	['interviewer-last#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-last'] = true,
	['interviewer-surname#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-surname'] = true,
	['interviewer-link#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-link'] = true,
	['interviewer-mask#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-mask'] = true,
	['last#'] = true,
	['subject#'] = true,
	['subject-first#'] = true,
	['subject#-first'] = true,
	['subject-given#'] = true,
	['subject#-given'] = true,
	['subject-last#'] = true,
	['subject#-last'] = true,
	['subject-link#'] = true,
	['subject#-link'] = true,
	['subject-mask#'] = true,
	['subject#-mask'] = true,
	['subject-surname#'] = true,
	['subject#-surname'] = true,
	['surname#'] = true,
	['translator#'] = true,
	['translator-first#'] = true,
	['translator#-first'] = true,
	['translator-given#'] = true,
	['translator#-given'] = true,
	['translator-last#'] = true,
	['translator#-last'] = true,
	['translator-surname#'] = true,
	['translator#-surname'] = true,
	['translator-link#'] = true,
	['translator#-link'] = true,
	['translator-mask#'] = true,
	['translator#-mask'] = true,
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P R E P R I N T   S U P P O R T E D   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;--------------------

Cite arXiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, and cite ssrn are preprint templates that use the limited
set of parameters defined in the limited_basic_arguments and limited_numbered_arguments tables.  Those lists are
supplemented with a template-specific list of parameters that are required by the particular template and may be
exclusive to one of the preprint templates.  Some of these parameters may also be available to the general cs1|2
templates.

Same conventions for true/false/tracked/nil as above.

]]

local preprint_arguments_t = {
	arxiv = {
		['arxiv'] = true,														-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifiers
		['class'] = true,
		['eprint'] = true,														-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifiers
		},
	biorxiv = {
		['biorxiv'] = true,
		},
	citeseerx = {
		['citeseerx'] = false,
		},
	medrxiv = {
		['medrxiv'] = true,
		},
	ssrn = {
		['ssrn'] = true,
		['SSRN'] = true,
		['ssrn-access'] = true,
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I M I T E D   S U P P O R T E D   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;----------------------

cite arxiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, and cite ssrn templates are preprint templates so are
allowed only a limited subset of parameters allowed to all other cs1|2 templates.  The limited subset is defined
here.

This list of parameters also used by {{cite document}}

Same conventions for true/false/tracked/nil as above.
	
]]

local limited_basic_arguments_t = {
	['at'] = true,
	['author'] = true,
	['author-first'] = true,
	['author-given'] = true,
	['author-last'] = true,
	['author-surname'] = true,
	['author-link'] = true,
	['authorlink'] = true,
	['author-mask'] = true,
	['collaboration'] = true,
	['date'] = true,
	['df'] = true,
	['display-authors'] = true,
	['first'] = true,
	['given'] = true,
	['language'] = true,
	['last'] = true,
	['mode'] = true,
	['name-list-style'] = true,
	['no-tracking'] = true,
	['p'] = true,
	['page'] = true,
	['pages'] = true,
	['postscript'] = true,
	['pp'] = true,
	['quotation'] = true,
	['quote'] = true,
	['ref'] = true,
	['surname'] = true,
	['template-doc-demo'] = true,
	['title'] = true,
	['trans-title'] = true,
	['vauthors'] = true,
	['year'] = true,
	}

local limited_numbered_arguments_t = {
	['author#'] = true,
	['author-first#'] = true,
	['author#-first'] = true,
	['author-given#'] = true,
	['author#-given'] = true,
	['author-last#'] = true,
	['author#-last'] = true,
	['author-surname#'] = true,
	['author#-surname'] = true,
	['author-link#'] = true,
	['author#-link'] = true,
	['authorlink#'] = true,
	['author#link'] = true,
	['author-mask#'] = true,
	['author#-mask'] = true,
	['first#'] = true,
	['given#'] = true,
	['last#'] = true,
	['surname#'] = true,
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; U N I Q U E _ A R G U M E N T S &gt;----------------------------------------------

Some templates have unique parameters.  Those templates and their unique parameters are listed here. Keys in this
table are the template's CitationClass parameter value

Same conventions for true/false/tracked/nil as above.

]]

local unique_arguments_t = {
	['audio-visual'] = {
		['people'] = true,
		['transcript'] = true,
		['transcript-format'] = true,
		['transcript-url'] = true,
		},
	conference = {
		['book-title'] = true,
		['conference'] = true,
		['conference-format'] = true,
		['conference-url'] = true,
		['event'] = true,
		},
	episode = {
		['airdate'] = true,
		['air-date'] = true,
		['credits'] = true,
		['episode-link'] = true,												-- alias of |title-link=
		['network'] = true,
		['people'] = true,
		['season'] = true,
		['series-link'] = true,
		['series-no'] = true,
		['series-number'] = true,
		['station'] = true,
		['transcript'] = true,
		['transcript-format'] = true,
		['transcript-url'] = true,
		},
	mailinglist = {
		['mailing-list'] = true,
		},
	map = {
		['cartography'] = true,
		['inset'] = true,
		['map'] = true,
		['map-format'] = true,
		['map-url'] = true,
		['map-url-access'] = true,
		['script-map'] = true,
		['sections'] = true,
		['sheet'] = true,
		['sheets'] = true,
		['trans-map'] = true,
		},
	newsgroup = {
		['message-id'] = true,
		['newsgroup'] = true,
		},
	report = {
		['docket'] = true,
		},
	serial = {
		['airdate'] = true,
		['air-date'] = true,
		['credits'] = true,
		['episode'] = true,														-- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode?
		['episode-link'] = true,												-- alias of |title-link=
		['network'] = true,
		['people'] = true,
		['series-link'] = true,
		['station'] = true,
		},
	speech = {
		['conference'] = true,
		['conference-format'] = true,
		['conference-url'] = true,
		['event'] = true,
		},
	thesis = {
		['degree'] = true,
		['docket'] = true,
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E _ D O C U M E N T &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Special case for cite document.  This template takes the limited basic and limited enumerated parameters plus
others that are apply only to standalone published sources that cannot be cited any other way; no url, book,
periodical, etc parameters; limited support for name lists and named identifiers.

when validating parameters in {{cite document}} templates, the basic and 

]]

local document_arguments_t = {
	['bibcode'] = true,
	['bibcode-access'] = true,
	['doi'] = true,
	['DOI'] = true,
	['doi-access'] = true,
	['doi-broken-date'] = true,
	['hdl'] = true,
	['HDL'] = true,
	['hdl-access'] = true,
	['id'] = true,
	['ID'] = true,
	['jfm'] = true,
	['JFM'] = true,
	['lang'] = true,
	['location'] = true,
	['mr'] = true,
	['MR'] = true,
	['no-pp'] = true,
	['orig-date'] = true,
	['origyear'] = true,
	['orig-year'] = true,
	['osti'] = true,
	['OSTI'] = true,
	['osti-access'] = true,
	['place'] = true,
	['publisher'] = true,
	['quote-page'] = true,
	['quote-pages'] = true,
	['script-quote'] = true,
	['script-title'] = true,
	['title-link'] = true,
	['translator'] = true,
	['translator-first'] = true,
	['translator-given'] = true,
	['translator-last'] = true,
	['translator-surname'] = true,
	['translator-link'] = true,
	['translator-mask'] = true,
	['trans-quote'] = true,
	['type'] = true,
	['zbl'] = true,
	['ZBL'] = true,
	}

local document_numbered_arguments_t = {
	['translator#'] = true,
	['translator-first#'] = true,
	['translator#-first'] = true,
	['translator-given#'] = true,
	['translator#-given'] = true,
	['translator-last#'] = true,
	['translator#-last'] = true,
	['translator-surname#'] = true,
	['translator#-surname'] = true,
	['translator-link#'] = true,
	['translator#-link'] = true,
	['translator-mask#'] = true,
	['translator#-mask'] = true,
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I S T _ C O M B I N E &gt;------------------------------------------------------

makes one table from a list of tables.  &lt;lists_t&gt; is a sequence of tables to be combined

]]

local function list_combine (lists_t)
	local out_t = {};

	for _, list_t in ipairs (lists_t) do										-- for each list in &lt;lists_t&gt;
		for k, v in pairs (list_t) do											-- extract each k/v pair
			out_t[k] = v;														-- add to &lt;out_t&gt;
		end
	end
	return out_t;																-- and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; T E M P L A T E _ L I S T _ G E T &gt;--------------------------------------------

gets a list of the templates from table t

]]

local function template_list_get (t)
	local out_t = {};															-- a table for output
	for k, _ in pairs (t) do													-- spin through the table and collect the keys
		table.insert (out_t, k)													-- add each key to the output table
	end
	return out_t;																-- and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   T A B L E S &gt;------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	preprint_arguments_t = preprint_arguments_t,
	preprint_template_list_t = template_list_get (preprint_arguments_t),		-- make a template list from preprint_arguments{} table
	unique_arguments_t = unique_arguments_t,
	unique_param_template_list_t = template_list_get (unique_arguments_t),		-- make a template list from unique_arguments{} table
	
	document_parameters_t = list_combine ({limited_basic_arguments_t, limited_numbered_arguments_t, document_arguments_t, document_numbered_arguments_t});
	common_parameters_t = list_combine ({basic_arguments_t, numbered_arguments_t});
	limited_parameters_t = list_combine ({limited_basic_arguments_t, limited_numbered_arguments_t});
	};</text>
      <sha1>1livvij6p41ygpz0myvp2ov8j5lfzcj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339253</id>
      <parentid>339252</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339252</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="17977" sha1="1livvij6p41ygpz0myvp2ov8j5lfzcj" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; S U P P O R T E D   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;--------------------------------------

Because a steady-state signal conveys no useful information, whitelist.basic_arguments[] list items can have three values:
	true - these parameters are valid and supported parameters
	false - these parameters are deprecated but still supported
	tracked - these parameters are valid and supported parameters tracked in an eponymous properties category
	nil - these parameters are no longer supported. remove entirely
	
]]

local basic_arguments_t = {
	['accessdate'] = true,
	['access-date'] = true,
	['agency'] = true,
	['archivedate'] = true,
	['archive-date'] = true,
	['archive-format'] = true,
	['archiveurl'] = true,
	['archive-url'] = true,
	['article'] = true,
	['article-format'] = true,
	['article-number'] = true,													-- {{cite journal}}, {{cite conference}}; {{citation}} when |journal= has a value
	['article-url'] = true,
	['article-url-access'] = true,
	['arxiv'] = true,															-- cite arxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier
	['asin'] = true,
	['ASIN'] = true,
	['asin-tld'] = true,
	['at'] = true,
	['author'] = true,
	['author-first'] = true,
	['author-given'] = true,
	['author-last'] = true,
	['author-surname'] = true,
	['authorlink'] = true,
	['author-link'] = true,
	['author-mask'] = true,
	['bibcode'] = true,
	['bibcode-access'] = true,
	['biorxiv'] = true,															-- cite biorxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier
	['chapter'] = true,
	['chapter-format'] = true,
	['chapter-url'] = true,
	['chapter-url-access'] = true,
	['citeseerx'] = false,														-- cite citeseerx; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier
	['collaboration'] = true,
	['contribution'] = true,
	['contribution-format'] = true,
	['contribution-url'] = true,
	['contribution-url-access'] = true,
	['contributor'] = true,
	['contributor-first'] = true,
	['contributor-given'] = true,
	['contributor-last'] = true,
	['contributor-surname'] = true,
	['contributor-link'] = true,
	['contributor-mask'] = true,
	['date'] = true,
	['department'] = true,
	['df'] = true,
	['dictionary'] = true,
	['display-authors'] = true,
	['display-contributors'] = true,
	['display-editors'] = true,
	['display-interviewers'] = true,
	['display-subjects'] = true,
	['display-translators'] = true,
	['doi'] = true,
	['DOI'] = true,
	['doi-access'] = true,
	['doi-broken-date'] = true,
	['edition'] = true,
	['editor'] = true,
	['editor-first'] = true,
	['editor-given'] = true,
	['editor-last'] = true,
	['editor-surname'] = true,
	['editor-link'] = true,
	['editor-mask'] = true,
	['eissn'] = true,
	['EISSN'] = true,
	['encyclopaedia'] = true,
	['encyclopedia'] = true,
	['entry'] = true,
	['entry-format'] = true,
	['entry-url'] = true,
	['entry-url-access'] = true,
	['eprint'] = true,															-- cite arxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier
	['first'] = true,
	['format'] = true,
	['given'] = true,
	['hdl'] = true,
	['HDL'] = true,
	['hdl-access'] = true,
	['host'] = true,															-- unique to certain templates?
	['id'] = true,
	['ID'] = true,
	['institution'] = true,														-- constrain to cite thesis?
	['interviewer'] = true,
	['interviewer-first'] = true,
	['interviewer-given'] = true,
	['interviewer-last'] = true,
	['interviewer-surname'] = true,
	['interviewer-link'] = true,
	['interviewer-mask'] = true,
	['isbn'] = true,
	['ISBN'] = true,
	['ismn'] = true,
	['ISMN'] = true,
	['issn'] = true,
	['ISSN'] = true,
	['issue'] = true,
	['jfm'] = true,
	['JFM'] = true,
	['journal'] = true,
	['jstor'] = true,
	['JSTOR'] = true,
	['jstor-access'] = true,
	['lang'] = true,
	['language'] = true,
	['last'] = true,
	['lccn'] = true,
	['LCCN'] = true,
	['location'] = true,
	['magazine'] = true,
	['medium'] = true,
	['medrxiv'] = true,															-- cite medrxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier
	['minutes'] = true,															-- constrain to cite AV media and podcast?
	['mode'] = true,
	['mr'] = true,
	['MR'] = true,
	['name-list-style'] = true,
	['newspaper'] = true,
	['no-pp'] = true,
	['no-tracking'] = true,
	['number'] = true,
	['oclc'] = true,
	['OCLC'] = true,
	['ol'] = true,
	['OL'] = true,
	['ol-access'] = true,
	['orig-date'] = true,
	['origyear'] = true,
	['orig-year'] = true,
	['osti'] = true,
	['OSTI'] = true,
	['osti-access'] = true,
	['others'] = true,
	['p'] = true,
	['page'] = true,
	['pages'] = true,
	['periodical'] = true,
	['place'] = true,
	['pmc'] = true,
	['PMC'] = true,
	['pmc-embargo-date'] = true,
	['pmid'] = true,
	['PMID'] = true,
	['postscript'] = true,
	['pp'] = true,
	['publication-date'] = true,
	['publication-place'] = true,
	['publisher'] = true,
	['quotation'] = true,
	['quote'] = true,
	['quote-page'] = true,
	['quote-pages'] = true,
	['ref'] = true,
	['rfc'] = true,
	['RFC'] = true,
	['sbn'] = true,
	['SBN'] = true,
	['scale'] = true,
	['script-article'] = true,
	['script-chapter'] = true,
	['script-contribution'] = true,
	['script-encyclopaedia'] = true,
	['script-encyclopedia'] = true,
	['script-entry'] = true,
	['script-journal'] = true,
	['script-magazine'] = true,
	['script-newspaper'] = true,
	['script-periodical'] = true,
	['script-quote'] = true,
	['script-section'] = true,
	['script-title'] = true,
	['script-website'] = true,
	['script-work'] = true,
	['section'] = true,
	['section-format'] = true,
	['section-url'] = true,
	['section-url-access'] = true,
	['series'] = true,
	['ssrn'] = true,															-- cite ssrn; these three here because allowed in cite ... as identifier
	['SSRN'] = true,
	['ssrn-access'] = true,
	['subject'] = true,
	['subject-first'] = true,
	['subject-given'] = true,
	['subject-last'] = true,
	['subject-link'] = true,
	['subject-mask'] = true,
	['subject-surname'] = true,
	['surname'] = true,
	['s2cid'] = true,
	['S2CID'] = true,
	['s2cid-access'] = true,
	['template-doc-demo'] = true,
	['time'] = true,															-- constrain to cite av media and podcast?
	['time-caption'] = true,													-- constrain to cite av media and podcast?
	['title'] = true,
	['title-link'] = true,
	['title-note'] = true,
	['translator'] = true,
	['translator-first'] = true,
	['translator-given'] = true,
	['translator-last'] = true,	
	['translator-surname'] = true,
	['translator-link'] = true,
	['translator-mask'] = true,
	['trans-article'] = true,
	['trans-chapter'] = true,
	['trans-contribution'] = true,
	['trans-encyclopaedia'] = true,
	['trans-encyclopedia'] = true,
	['trans-entry'] = true,
	['trans-journal'] = true,
	['trans-magazine'] = true,
	['trans-newspaper'] = true,
	['trans-periodical'] = true,
	['trans-quote'] = true,
	['trans-section'] = true,
	['trans-title'] = true,
	['trans-website'] = true,
	['trans-work'] = true,
	['type'] = true,
	['url'] = true,
	['URL'] = true,
	['url-access'] = true,
	['url-status'] = true,
	['vauthors'] = true,
	['veditors'] = true,
	['version'] = true,
	['via'] = true,
	['volume'] = true,
	['website'] = true,
	['work'] = true,
	['year'] = true,
	['zbl'] = true,
	['ZBL'] = true,
	}

local numbered_arguments_t = {
	['author#'] = true,
	['author-first#'] = true,
	['author#-first'] = true,
	['author-given#'] = true,
	['author#-given'] = true,
	['author-last#'] = true,
	['author#-last'] = true,
	['author-surname#'] = true,
	['author#-surname'] = true,
	['author-link#'] = true,
	['author#-link'] = true,
	['authorlink#'] = true,
	['author#link'] = true,
	['author-mask#'] = true,
	['author#-mask'] = true,
	['contributor#'] = true,
	['contributor-first#'] = true,
	['contributor#-first'] = true,
	['contributor-given#'] = true,
	['contributor#-given'] = true,
	['contributor-last#'] = true,
	['contributor#-last'] = true,
	['contributor-surname#'] = true,
	['contributor#-surname'] = true,
	['contributor-link#'] = true,
	['contributor#-link'] = true,
	['contributor-mask#'] = true,
	['contributor#-mask'] = true,
	['editor#'] = true,
	['editor-first#'] = true,
	['editor#-first'] = true,
	['editor-given#'] = true,
	['editor#-given'] = true,
	['editor-last#'] = true,
	['editor#-last'] = true,
	['editor-surname#'] = true,
	['editor#-surname'] = true,
	['editor-link#'] = true,
	['editor#-link'] = true,
	['editor-mask#'] = true,
	['editor#-mask'] = true,
	['first#'] = true,
	['given#'] = true,
	['host#'] = true,
	['interviewer#'] = true,
	['interviewer-first#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-first'] = true,
	['interviewer-given#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-given'] = true,
	['interviewer-last#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-last'] = true,
	['interviewer-surname#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-surname'] = true,
	['interviewer-link#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-link'] = true,
	['interviewer-mask#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-mask'] = true,
	['last#'] = true,
	['subject#'] = true,
	['subject-first#'] = true,
	['subject#-first'] = true,
	['subject-given#'] = true,
	['subject#-given'] = true,
	['subject-last#'] = true,
	['subject#-last'] = true,
	['subject-link#'] = true,
	['subject#-link'] = true,
	['subject-mask#'] = true,
	['subject#-mask'] = true,
	['subject-surname#'] = true,
	['subject#-surname'] = true,
	['surname#'] = true,
	['translator#'] = true,
	['translator-first#'] = true,
	['translator#-first'] = true,
	['translator-given#'] = true,
	['translator#-given'] = true,
	['translator-last#'] = true,
	['translator#-last'] = true,
	['translator-surname#'] = true,
	['translator#-surname'] = true,
	['translator-link#'] = true,
	['translator#-link'] = true,
	['translator-mask#'] = true,
	['translator#-mask'] = true,
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P R E P R I N T   S U P P O R T E D   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;--------------------

Cite arXiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, and cite ssrn are preprint templates that use the limited
set of parameters defined in the limited_basic_arguments and limited_numbered_arguments tables.  Those lists are
supplemented with a template-specific list of parameters that are required by the particular template and may be
exclusive to one of the preprint templates.  Some of these parameters may also be available to the general cs1|2
templates.

Same conventions for true/false/tracked/nil as above.

]]

local preprint_arguments_t = {
	arxiv = {
		['arxiv'] = true,														-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifiers
		['class'] = true,
		['eprint'] = true,														-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifiers
		},
	biorxiv = {
		['biorxiv'] = true,
		},
	citeseerx = {
		['citeseerx'] = false,
		},
	medrxiv = {
		['medrxiv'] = true,
		},
	ssrn = {
		['ssrn'] = true,
		['SSRN'] = true,
		['ssrn-access'] = true,
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I M I T E D   S U P P O R T E D   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;----------------------

cite arxiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, and cite ssrn templates are preprint templates so are
allowed only a limited subset of parameters allowed to all other cs1|2 templates.  The limited subset is defined
here.

This list of parameters also used by {{cite document}}

Same conventions for true/false/tracked/nil as above.
	
]]

local limited_basic_arguments_t = {
	['at'] = true,
	['author'] = true,
	['author-first'] = true,
	['author-given'] = true,
	['author-last'] = true,
	['author-surname'] = true,
	['author-link'] = true,
	['authorlink'] = true,
	['author-mask'] = true,
	['collaboration'] = true,
	['date'] = true,
	['df'] = true,
	['display-authors'] = true,
	['first'] = true,
	['given'] = true,
	['language'] = true,
	['last'] = true,
	['mode'] = true,
	['name-list-style'] = true,
	['no-tracking'] = true,
	['p'] = true,
	['page'] = true,
	['pages'] = true,
	['postscript'] = true,
	['pp'] = true,
	['quotation'] = true,
	['quote'] = true,
	['ref'] = true,
	['surname'] = true,
	['template-doc-demo'] = true,
	['title'] = true,
	['trans-title'] = true,
	['vauthors'] = true,
	['year'] = true,
	}

local limited_numbered_arguments_t = {
	['author#'] = true,
	['author-first#'] = true,
	['author#-first'] = true,
	['author-given#'] = true,
	['author#-given'] = true,
	['author-last#'] = true,
	['author#-last'] = true,
	['author-surname#'] = true,
	['author#-surname'] = true,
	['author-link#'] = true,
	['author#-link'] = true,
	['authorlink#'] = true,
	['author#link'] = true,
	['author-mask#'] = true,
	['author#-mask'] = true,
	['first#'] = true,
	['given#'] = true,
	['last#'] = true,
	['surname#'] = true,
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; U N I Q U E _ A R G U M E N T S &gt;----------------------------------------------

Some templates have unique parameters.  Those templates and their unique parameters are listed here. Keys in this
table are the template's CitationClass parameter value

Same conventions for true/false/tracked/nil as above.

]]

local unique_arguments_t = {
	['audio-visual'] = {
		['people'] = true,
		['transcript'] = true,
		['transcript-format'] = true,
		['transcript-url'] = true,
		},
	conference = {
		['book-title'] = true,
		['conference'] = true,
		['conference-format'] = true,
		['conference-url'] = true,
		['event'] = true,
		},
	episode = {
		['airdate'] = true,
		['air-date'] = true,
		['credits'] = true,
		['episode-link'] = true,												-- alias of |title-link=
		['network'] = true,
		['people'] = true,
		['season'] = true,
		['series-link'] = true,
		['series-no'] = true,
		['series-number'] = true,
		['station'] = true,
		['transcript'] = true,
		['transcript-format'] = true,
		['transcript-url'] = true,
		},
	mailinglist = {
		['mailing-list'] = true,
		},
	map = {
		['cartography'] = true,
		['inset'] = true,
		['map'] = true,
		['map-format'] = true,
		['map-url'] = true,
		['map-url-access'] = true,
		['script-map'] = true,
		['sections'] = true,
		['sheet'] = true,
		['sheets'] = true,
		['trans-map'] = true,
		},
	newsgroup = {
		['message-id'] = true,
		['newsgroup'] = true,
		},
	report = {
		['docket'] = true,
		},
	serial = {
		['airdate'] = true,
		['air-date'] = true,
		['credits'] = true,
		['episode'] = true,														-- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode?
		['episode-link'] = true,												-- alias of |title-link=
		['network'] = true,
		['people'] = true,
		['series-link'] = true,
		['station'] = true,
		},
	speech = {
		['conference'] = true,
		['conference-format'] = true,
		['conference-url'] = true,
		['event'] = true,
		},
	thesis = {
		['degree'] = true,
		['docket'] = true,
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E _ D O C U M E N T &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Special case for cite document.  This template takes the limited basic and limited enumerated parameters plus
others that are apply only to standalone published sources that cannot be cited any other way; no url, book,
periodical, etc parameters; limited support for name lists and named identifiers.

when validating parameters in {{cite document}} templates, the basic and 

]]

local document_arguments_t = {
	['bibcode'] = true,
	['bibcode-access'] = true,
	['doi'] = true,
	['DOI'] = true,
	['doi-access'] = true,
	['doi-broken-date'] = true,
	['hdl'] = true,
	['HDL'] = true,
	['hdl-access'] = true,
	['id'] = true,
	['ID'] = true,
	['jfm'] = true,
	['JFM'] = true,
	['lang'] = true,
	['location'] = true,
	['mr'] = true,
	['MR'] = true,
	['no-pp'] = true,
	['orig-date'] = true,
	['origyear'] = true,
	['orig-year'] = true,
	['osti'] = true,
	['OSTI'] = true,
	['osti-access'] = true,
	['place'] = true,
	['publisher'] = true,
	['quote-page'] = true,
	['quote-pages'] = true,
	['script-quote'] = true,
	['script-title'] = true,
	['title-link'] = true,
	['translator'] = true,
	['translator-first'] = true,
	['translator-given'] = true,
	['translator-last'] = true,
	['translator-surname'] = true,
	['translator-link'] = true,
	['translator-mask'] = true,
	['trans-quote'] = true,
	['type'] = true,
	['zbl'] = true,
	['ZBL'] = true,
	}

local document_numbered_arguments_t = {
	['translator#'] = true,
	['translator-first#'] = true,
	['translator#-first'] = true,
	['translator-given#'] = true,
	['translator#-given'] = true,
	['translator-last#'] = true,
	['translator#-last'] = true,
	['translator-surname#'] = true,
	['translator#-surname'] = true,
	['translator-link#'] = true,
	['translator#-link'] = true,
	['translator-mask#'] = true,
	['translator#-mask'] = true,
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I S T _ C O M B I N E &gt;------------------------------------------------------

makes one table from a list of tables.  &lt;lists_t&gt; is a sequence of tables to be combined

]]

local function list_combine (lists_t)
	local out_t = {};

	for _, list_t in ipairs (lists_t) do										-- for each list in &lt;lists_t&gt;
		for k, v in pairs (list_t) do											-- extract each k/v pair
			out_t[k] = v;														-- add to &lt;out_t&gt;
		end
	end
	return out_t;																-- and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; T E M P L A T E _ L I S T _ G E T &gt;--------------------------------------------

gets a list of the templates from table t

]]

local function template_list_get (t)
	local out_t = {};															-- a table for output
	for k, _ in pairs (t) do													-- spin through the table and collect the keys
		table.insert (out_t, k)													-- add each key to the output table
	end
	return out_t;																-- and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   T A B L E S &gt;------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	preprint_arguments_t = preprint_arguments_t,
	preprint_template_list_t = template_list_get (preprint_arguments_t),		-- make a template list from preprint_arguments{} table
	unique_arguments_t = unique_arguments_t,
	unique_param_template_list_t = template_list_get (unique_arguments_t),		-- make a template list from unique_arguments{} table
	
	document_parameters_t = list_combine ({limited_basic_arguments_t, limited_numbered_arguments_t, document_arguments_t, document_numbered_arguments_t});
	common_parameters_t = list_combine ({basic_arguments_t, numbered_arguments_t});
	limited_parameters_t = list_combine ({limited_basic_arguments_t, limited_numbered_arguments_t});
	};</text>
      <sha1>1livvij6p41ygpz0myvp2ov8j5lfzcj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>40691</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339248</id>
      <parentid>330754</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T13:56:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Trappist the monk</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>synch from sandbox;</comment>
      <origin>339248</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="244678" sha1="mzkfjlhyhvftcb93lj0ik7zu7t1myhw" xml:space="preserve">require ('strict');

--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------

each of these counts against the Lua upvalue limit

]]

local validation;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation

local utilities;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
local z = {};																	-- table of tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities

local identifiers;																-- functions and tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
local metadata;																	-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
local cfg = {};																	-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
local whitelist = {};															-- table of tables listing valid template parameter names; defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist


--[[------------------&lt; P A G E   S C O P E   V A R I A B L E S &gt;---------------

declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from
other modules; that are created here and used here

]]

local added_deprecated_cat;														-- boolean flag so that the category is added only once
local added_vanc_errs;															-- boolean flag so we only emit one Vancouver error / category
local added_generic_name_errs;													-- boolean flag so we only emit one generic name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered
local added_numeric_name_errs;													-- boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered
local added_numeric_name_maint;													-- boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name maint category and stop testing names once a category has been emitted
local is_preview_mode;															-- true when article is in preview mode; false when using 'Preview page with this template' (previewing the module)
local is_sandbox;																-- true when using sandbox modules to render citation
local url_was_archive_today;													-- boolean flag set to true when has_archive_today_url() has unset |url= because it held a deprecated archive.today url


--[[--------------------------&lt; F I R S T _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Locates and returns the first set value in a table of values where the order established in the table,
left-to-right (or top-to-bottom), is the order in which the values are evaluated.  Returns nil if none are set.

This version replaces the original 'for _, val in pairs do' and a similar version that used ipairs.  With the pairs
version the order of evaluation could not be guaranteed.  With the ipairs version, a nil value would terminate
the for-loop before it reached the actual end of the list.

]]

local function first_set (list, count)
	local i = 1;
	while i &lt;= count do															-- loop through all items in list
		if utilities.is_set( list[i] ) then
			return list[i];														-- return the first set list member
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- point to next
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ V A N C _ E R R O R &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Adds a single Vancouver system error message to the template's output regardless of how many error actually exist.
To prevent duplication, added_vanc_errs is nil until an error message is emitted.

added_vanc_errs is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above

]]

local function add_vanc_error (source, position)
	if added_vanc_errs then return end
		
	added_vanc_errs = true;														-- note that we've added this category
	utilities.set_message ('err_vancouver', {source, position});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S C H E M E &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

does this thing that purports to be a URI scheme seem to be a valid scheme?  The scheme is checked to see if it
is in agreement with http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 which says:
	Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a
   letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus
   (&quot;+&quot;), period (&quot;.&quot;), or hyphen (&quot;-&quot;).

returns true if it does, else false

]]

local function is_scheme (scheme)
	return scheme and scheme:match ('^%a[%a%d%+%.%-]*:');						-- true if scheme is set and matches the pattern
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ D O M A I N _ N A M E &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Does this thing that purports to be a domain name seem to be a valid domain name?

Syntax defined here: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5
BNF defined here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234
Single character names are generally reserved; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsind-iana-dns-01#page-15;
	see also [[Single-letter second-level domain]]
list of TLDs: https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db

RFC 952 (modified by RFC 1123) requires the first and last character of a hostname to be a letter or a digit
(see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc952 §GRAMMATICAL HOST TABLE SPECIFICATION §§B. Lexical grammar &lt;name&gt;; see
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#section-2).  Between the first and last characters the name may use letters,
digits, and the hyphen.

Also allowed are IPv4 addresses. IPv6 not supported

domain is expected to be stripped of any path so that the last character in the last character of the TLD.  tld
is two or more alpha characters.  Any preceding '//' (from splitting a URL with a scheme) will be stripped
here.  Perhaps not necessary but retained in case it is necessary for IPv4 dot decimal.

There are several tests:
	the first character of the whole domain name including subdomains must be a letter or a digit
	internationalized domain name (ASCII characters with .xn-- ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) prefix xn-- in the TLD) see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490
	single-letter/digit second-level domains in the .org, .cash, and .today TLDs
	q, x, and z SL domains in the .com TLD
	i and q SL domains in the .net TLD
	single-letter SL domains in the ccTLDs (where the ccTLD is two letters)
	two-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
	three-plus-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
	IPv4 dot-decimal address format; TLD not allowed

returns true if domain appears to be a proper name and TLD or IPv4 address, else false

]=]

local function is_domain_name (domain)
	if not domain then
		return false;															-- if not set, abandon
	end
	
	domain = domain:gsub ('^//', '');											-- strip '//' from domain name if present; done here so we only have to do it once

	local sl_domain = domain:match ('[^%.]+') or domain;						-- test the second level domain name
	if not (sl_domain:match ('^%w') and sl_domain:match ('%w$') and				-- first and last characters must be letter or digit
		sl_domain:match ('^[%w%-]+$')) then										-- all other characters must be letters, digits, or hyphen-minus
			return false;
	end

	if domain:match ('^%a+:') then												-- hack to detect things that look like s:Page:Title where Page: is namespace at Wikisource
		return false;
	end

	local patterns = {															-- patterns that look like URLs
		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.%a%a+$',										-- three or more character hostname.hostname or hostname.tld
		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.xn%-%-[%w]+$',									-- internationalized domain name with ACE prefix
		'%f[%a][qxz]%.com$',													-- assigned one character .com hostname (x.com times out 2015-12-10)
		'%f[%a][iq]%.net$',														-- assigned one character .net hostname (q.net registered but not active 2015-12-10)
		'%f[%w][%w]%.%a%a$',													-- one character hostname and ccTLD (2 chars)
		'%f[%w][%w][%w]%.%a%a+$',												-- two character hostname and TLD
		'^%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?',								-- IPv4 address
		'[%a%d]+%:?'                                                            -- IPv6 address
		}

	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- loop through the patterns list
		if domain:match (pattern) then
			return true;														-- if a match then we think that this thing that purports to be a URL is a URL
		end
	end

	for _, d in ipairs (cfg.single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t) do					-- look for single letter second level domain names for these top level domains
		if domain:match ('%f[%w][%w]%.' .. d) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false;																-- no matches, we don't know what this thing is
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

returns true if the scheme and domain parts of a URL appear to be a valid URL; else false.

This function is the last step in the validation process.  This function is separate because there are cases that
are not covered by split_url(), for example is_parameter_ext_wikilink() which is looking for bracketted external
wikilinks.

]]

local function is_url (scheme, domain)
	if utilities.is_set (scheme) then											-- if scheme is set check it and domain
		return is_scheme (scheme) and is_domain_name (domain);
	else
		return is_domain_name (domain);											-- scheme not set when URL is protocol-relative
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S P L I T _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Split a URL into a scheme, authority indicator, and domain.

First remove Fully Qualified Domain Name terminator (a dot following TLD) (if any) and any path(/), query(?) or fragment(#).

If protocol-relative URL, return nil scheme and domain else return nil for both scheme and domain.

When not protocol-relative, get scheme, authority indicator, and domain.  If there is an authority indicator (one
or more '/' characters immediately following the scheme's colon), make sure that there are only 2.

Any URL that does not have news: scheme must have authority indicator (//).  TODO: are there other common schemes
like news: that don't use authority indicator?

Strip off any port and path;

]]

local function split_url (url_str)
	local scheme, authority, domain;
	
	url_str = url_str:gsub ('([%a%d])%.?[/%?#].*$', '%1');						-- strip FQDN terminator and path(/), query(?), fragment (#) (the capture prevents false replacement of '//')

	if url_str:match ('^//%S*') then											-- if there is what appears to be a protocol-relative URL
		domain = url_str:match ('^//(%S*)')
	elseif url_str:match ('%S-:/*%S+') then										-- if there is what appears to be a scheme, optional authority indicator, and domain name
		scheme, authority, domain = url_str:match ('(%S-:)(/*)(%S+)');			-- extract the scheme, authority indicator, and domain portions
		if utilities.is_set (authority) then
			authority = authority:gsub ('//', '', 1);							-- replace place 1 pair of '/' with nothing;
			if utilities.is_set(authority) then									-- if anything left (1 or 3+ '/' where authority should be) then
				return scheme;													-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message
			end
		else
			if not scheme:match ('^news:') then									-- except for news:..., MediaWiki won't link URLs that do not have authority indicator; TODO: a better way to do this test?
				return scheme;													-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message
			end
		end
		domain = domain:gsub ('(%a):%d+', '%1');								-- strip port number if present
	end
	
	return scheme, domain;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I N K _ P A R A M _ O K &gt;---------------------------------------------------

checks the content of |title-link=, |series-link=, |author-link=, etc. for properly formatted content: no wikilinks, no URLs

Link parameters are to hold the title of a Wikipedia article, so none of the WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS are allowed:
	# &lt; &gt; [ ] | { } _
except the underscore which is used as a space in wiki URLs and # which is used for section links

returns false when the value contains any of these characters.

When there are no illegal characters, this function returns TRUE if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL (the
|&lt;param&gt;-link= parameter is ok); else false when value appears to be a valid URL (the |&lt;param&gt;-link= parameter is NOT ok).

]]

local function link_param_ok (value)
	local scheme, domain;
	if value:find ('[&lt;&gt;%[%]|{}]') then                                          -- if any prohibited characters
		return false;
	end

	scheme, domain = split_url (value);											-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL; 
	return not is_url (scheme, domain);											-- return true if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I N K _ T I T L E _ O K &gt;---------------------------------------------------

Use link_param_ok() to validate |&lt;param&gt;-link= value and its matching |&lt;title&gt;= value.

|&lt;title&gt;= may be wiki-linked but not when |&lt;param&gt;-link= has a value.  This function emits an error message when
that condition exists

check &lt;link&gt; for inter-language interwiki-link prefix.  prefix must be a MediaWiki-recognized language
code and must begin with a colon.

]]

local function link_title_ok (link, lorig, title, torig)
	local orig;
	if utilities.is_set (link) then 											-- don't bother if &lt;param&gt;-link doesn't have a value
		if not link_param_ok (link) then										-- check |&lt;param&gt;-link= markup
			orig = lorig;														-- identify the failing link parameter
		elseif title:find ('%[%[') then											-- check |title= for wikilink markup
			orig = torig;														-- identify the failing |title= parameter
		elseif link:match ('^%a+:') then										-- if the link is what looks like an interwiki
			local prefix = link:match ('^(%a+):'):lower();						-- get the interwiki prefix

			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix] then									-- if prefix is in the map, must have preceding colon
				orig = lorig;													-- flag as error
			end
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (orig) then
		link = '';																-- unset
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', orig);						-- URL or wikilink in |title= with |title-link=;
	end
	
	return link;																-- link if ok, empty string else
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether a URL string appears to be valid.

First we test for space characters.  If any are found, return false.  Then split the URL into scheme and domain
portions, or for protocol-relative (//example.com) URLs, just the domain.  Use is_url() to validate the two
portions of the URL.  If both are valid, or for protocol-relative if domain is valid, return true, else false.

Because it is different from a standard URL, and because this module used external_link() to make external links
that work for standard and news: links, we validate newsgroup names here.  The specification for a newsgroup name
is at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.4

]]

local function check_url( url_str )
	if nil == url_str:match (&quot;^%S+$&quot;) then										-- if there are any spaces in |url=value it can't be a proper URL
		return false;
	end
	local scheme, domain;

	scheme, domain = split_url (url_str);										-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL;
	
	if 'news:' == scheme then													-- special case for newsgroups
		return domain:match('^[%a%d%+%-_]+%.[%a%d%+%-_%.]*[%a%d%+%-_]$');
	end
	
	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid URL
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ P A R A M E T E R _ E X T _ W I K I L I N K &gt;----------------------------

Return true if a parameter value has a string that begins and ends with square brackets [ and ] and the first
non-space characters following the opening bracket appear to be a URL.  The test will also find external wikilinks
that use protocol-relative URLs. Also finds bare URLs.

The frontier pattern prevents a match on interwiki-links which are similar to scheme:path URLs.  The tests that
find bracketed URLs are required because the parameters that call this test (currently |title=, |chapter=, |work=,
and |publisher=) may have wikilinks and there are articles or redirects like '//Hus' so, while uncommon, |title=[[//Hus]]
is possible as might be [[en://Hus]].

]=]

local function is_parameter_ext_wikilink (value)
local scheme, domain;

	if value:match ('%f[%[]%[%a%S*:%S+.*%]') then								-- if ext. wikilink with scheme and domain: [xxxx://yyyyy.zzz]
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(%a%S*:%S+).*%]'));
	elseif value:match ('%f[%[]%[//%S+.*%]') then								-- if protocol-relative ext. wikilink: [//yyyyy.zzz]
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(//%S+).*%]'));
	elseif value:match ('%a%S*:%S+') then										-- if bare URL with scheme; may have leading or trailing plain text
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(%a%S*:%S+)'));
	elseif value:match ('^//%S+') or value:match ('%s//%S+') then				-- if protocol-relative bare URL: //yyyyy.zzz; authority indicator (//) must be be preceded nothing or by whitespace
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(//%S+)'));					-- what is left should be the domain
	else
		return false;															-- didn't find anything that is obviously a URL
	end

	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid URL
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ A R C H I V E _ T O D A Y _ U R L &gt;--------------------------------------

archive.today (and .ph, .is, .md, .li, .fo, .vn) are deprecated.  See Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5
(Special:Permalink/1339352976)

&lt;val&gt; is a string that may or may not be a url

]]

local function is_archive_today_url (val)
	if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (val) then										-- is &lt;val&gt; a url?
		local tld = val:match ('archive%.(%l+)/');								-- get the tld; real archive.today urls have a '/' after the tld
		return tld and cfg.archive_today_tlds_t[tld];							-- return true if &lt;tld&gt; is one of the archive.today tlds; nil else
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ A R C H I V E _ T O D A Y _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------

blank any parameter that holds one of the archive.today tlds (.today, .ph, .is, .md, .li, .fo, .vn) and also 
blank parameters that are dependent on the offending parameter.

input &lt;cite_args_t&gt; is a table of all of this template's parameters  This function modifies &lt;cite_args_t&gt;
when |url= or its alias |URL= hold an archive.today url, this function sets the flag &lt;url_was_archive_today&gt;
which is used later to suppress the missing url error message from {{citation}} when it has |website=&lt;summat&gt;
or from the templates {{cite web}}, {{cite podcast}}, {{cite mailing list}} which all require a url.

returns nothing

]]

local function has_archive_today_url (cite_args_t)
	local unset_params_t = {};													-- to hold a sequence of parameters to unset from cite_args_t

	for p, v in pairs (cite_args_t) do											-- look at each parameter in the template
		if is_archive_today_url (v:lower()) then								-- if it has a parameter with an archive.today url
			table.insert (unset_params_t, p);									-- add the url-holding parameter name to our list of parameters to unset (may or may not be a legitimate url parameter)
			if 'url' == p:lower() then											-- if this parameter is |url= or |URL=
				url_was_archive_today = true;									-- set a flag so that cite web / podcast / mailinglist don't emit a missing url error message
			end

			if p:match ('archive%-?url') and ('usurped' == cite_args_t['url-status'] or 'unfit' == cite_args_t['url-status']) then	-- if |archive-url=archive.today and |url-status=unfit/usurped
				url_was_archive_today = true;									-- set a flag so that cite web / podcast / mailinglist don't emit a missing url error message
				table.insert (unset_params_t, 'url');							-- add the url parameter name to our list of parameters to unset (may or may not be a legitimate url parameter)
				table.insert (unset_params_t, 'URL');							-- this one because both are possible
			end

			if cfg.dependencies_t[p] then										-- if this url-holding parameter (&lt;p&gt;) has dependencies
				for _, dependent in ipairs (cfg.dependencies_t[p]) do			-- loop through the url-holding parameter's dependency sequence
					table.insert (unset_params_t, dependent);					-- add dependent parameter to the list to be unset
				end
			end
		end
	end		

	if 0 &lt; #unset_params_t then													-- when there are parameters to unset
		if not is_preview_mode then												-- when in preview mode do not suppress any parameters
			for _, unset_param in ipairs (unset_params_t) do					-- loop through the sequence
				cite_args_t[unset_param] = nil;									-- and unset the url-holding parameter and its dependent parameters to avoid parameter-requires-other-parameter errors
			end
		end
		
		utilities.set_message ('maint_deprecated_archive');						-- add a maintenance message
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ F O R _ U R L &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

loop through a list of parameters and their values.  Look at the value and if it has an external link, emit an error message.

]]

local function check_for_url (parameter_list, error_list)
	for k, v in pairs (parameter_list) do										-- for each parameter in the list
		if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (v) then									-- look at the value; if there is a URL add an error message
			table.insert (error_list, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k));
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ F O R _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions

]]

local function safe_for_url( str )
	if str:match( &quot;%[%[.-%]%]&quot; ) ~= nil then 
		utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url', {});
	end
	
	return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {	
		['['] = '&amp;#91;',
		[']'] = '&amp;#93;',
		['\n'] = ' ' } );
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T E R N A L _ L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Format an external link with error checking

]]

local function external_link (URL, label, source, access)
	local domain;
	local path;
	local base_url;

	if not utilities.is_set (label) then
		label = URL;
		if utilities.is_set (source) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_bare_url_missing_title', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});
		else
			error (cfg.messages[&quot;bare_url_no_origin&quot;]);							-- programmer error; valid parameter name does not have matching meta-parameter
		end			
	end
	if not check_url (URL) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});
	end
	
	domain, path = URL:match ('^([/%.%-%+:%a%d]+)([/%?#].*)$');					-- split the URL into scheme plus domain and path
	if path then																-- if there is a path portion
		path = path:gsub ('[%[%]]', {['['] = '%5b', [']'] = '%5d'});			-- replace '[' and ']' with their percent-encoded values
		URL = table.concat ({domain, path});									-- and reassemble
	end

	base_url = table.concat ({ &quot;[&quot;, URL, &quot; &quot;, safe_for_url (label), &quot;]&quot; });		-- assemble a wiki-markup URL

	if utilities.is_set (access) then											-- access level (subscription, registration, limited)
		base_url = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[access].class, cfg.presentation[access].title, base_url});	-- add the appropriate icon
	end

	return base_url;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D E P R E C A T E D _ P A R A M E T E R &gt;--------------------------------------

Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters.  The function includes the
offending parameter name to the error message.  Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated
parameters in the citation.

added_deprecated_cat is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above

]]

local function deprecated_parameter(name)
	if not added_deprecated_cat then
		added_deprecated_cat = true;											-- note that we've added this category
		utilities.set_message ('err_deprecated_params', {name});				-- add error message
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; K E R N _ Q U O T E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the module and a leading or trailing quote
mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value.

This function will positive kern either single or double quotes:
	&quot;'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'&quot;
	&quot; 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' &quot; (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example)
Double single quotes (italic or bold wiki-markup) are not kerned.

Replaces Unicode quote marks in plain text or in the label portion of a [[L|D]] style wikilink with typewriter
quote marks regardless of the need for kerning.  Unicode quote marks are not replaced in simple [[D]] wikilinks.

Call this function for chapter titles, for website titles, etc.; not for book titles.

]=]

local function kern_quotes (str)
	local wl_type, label, link;

	wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (str);							-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]]
	
	if 1 == wl_type then														-- [[D]] simple wikilink with or without quote marks
		if mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\&quot;“”\'‘’].+[\&quot;“”\'‘’]%]%]') then		-- leading and trailing quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str);
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str);
		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\&quot;“”\'‘’].+%]%]')	then			-- leading quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str);
		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[.+[\&quot;“”\'‘’]%]%]') then				-- trailing quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str);
		end

	else																		-- plain text or [[L|D]]; text in label variable
		label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[“”]', '\&quot;');							-- replace “” (U+201C &amp; U+201D) with &quot; (typewriter double quote mark)
		label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[‘’]', '\'');							-- replace ‘’ (U+2018 &amp; U+2019) with ' (typewriter single quote mark)

		local cap = mw.ustring.match (label, &quot;^([\&quot;\'][^\'].+)&quot;);				-- match leading double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup)
		if utilities.is_set (cap) then
			label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], cap);
		end
	
		cap = mw.ustring.match (label, &quot;^(.+[^\'][\&quot;\'])$&quot;)						-- match trailing double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup)
		if utilities.is_set (cap) then
			label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], cap);
		end
		
		if 2 == wl_type then
			str = utilities.make_wikilink (link, label);						-- reassemble the wikilink
		else
			str = label;
		end
	end
	return str;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ S C R I P T _ V A L U E &gt;----------------------------------------

|script-title= holds title parameters that are not written in Latin-based scripts: Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, etc. These scripts should
not be italicized and may be written right-to-left.  The value supplied by |script-title= is concatenated onto Title after Title has been wrapped
in italic markup.

Regardless of language, all values provided by |script-title= are wrapped in &lt;bdi&gt;...&lt;/bdi&gt; tags to isolate RTL languages from the English left to right.

|script-title= provides a unique feature.  The value in |script-title= may be prefixed with a two-character ISO 639-1 language code and a colon:
	|script-title=ja:*** *** (where * represents a Japanese character)
Spaces between the two-character code and the colon and the colon and the first script character are allowed:
	|script-title=ja : *** ***
	|script-title=ja: *** ***
	|script-title=ja :*** ***
Spaces preceding the prefix are allowed: |script-title = ja:*** ***

The prefix is checked for validity.  If it is a valid ISO 639-1 language code, the lang attribute (lang=&quot;ja&quot;) is added to the &lt;bdi&gt; tag so that browsers can
know the language the tag contains.  This may help the browser render the script more correctly.  If the prefix is invalid, the lang attribute
is not added.  At this time there is no error message for this condition.

Supports |script-title=, |script-chapter=, |script-&lt;periodical&gt;=

]]

local function format_script_value (script_value, script_param)
	local lang='';																-- initialize to empty string
	local name;
	if script_value:match('^%l%l%l?%s*:') then									-- if first 3 or 4 non-space characters are script language prefix
		lang = script_value:match('^(%l%l%l?)%s*:%s*%S.*');						-- get the language prefix or nil if there is no script
		if not utilities.is_set (lang) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing title part']});		-- prefix without 'title'; add error message
			return '';															-- script_value was just the prefix so return empty string
		end
																				-- if we get this far we have prefix and script
		name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang] or mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, cfg.this_wiki_code );	-- get language name so that we can use it to categorize
		if utilities.is_set (name) then											-- is prefix a proper ISO 639-1 language code?
			script_value = script_value:gsub ('^%l+%s*:%s*', '');				-- strip prefix from script
																				-- is prefix one of these language codes?
			if utilities.in_array (lang, cfg.script_lang_codes) then
				utilities.add_prop_cat ('script', {name, lang})
			else
				utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['unknown language code']});	-- unknown script-language; add error message
			end
			lang = ' lang=&quot;' .. lang .. '&quot; ';									-- convert prefix into a lang attribute
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['invalid language code']});		-- invalid language code; add error message
			lang = '';															-- invalid so set lang to empty string
		end
	else
		utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing prefix']});				-- no language code prefix; add error message
	end
	script_value = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {lang, script_value});	-- isolate in case script is RTL

	return script_value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S C R I P T _ C O N C A T E N A T E &gt;------------------------------------------

Initially for |title= and |script-title=, this function concatenates those two parameter values after the script
value has been wrapped in &lt;bdi&gt; tags.

]]

local function script_concatenate (title, script, script_param)
	if utilities.is_set (script) then
		script = format_script_value (script, script_param);					-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; returns empty string on error
		if utilities.is_set (script) then
			title = title .. ' ' .. script;										-- concatenate title and script title
		end
	end
	return title;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; W R A P _ M S G &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Applies additional message text to various parameter values. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list
configuration taking one argument.  Supports lower case text for {{citation}} templates.  Additional text taken
from citation_config.messages - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_style().

]]

local function wrap_msg (key, str, lower)
	if not utilities.is_set ( str ) then
		return &quot;&quot;;
	end
	if true == lower then
		local msg;
		msg = cfg.messages[key]:lower();										-- set the message to lower case before 
		return utilities.substitute ( msg, str );								-- including template text
	else
		return utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages[key], str );
	end		
end


--[[----------------&lt; W I K I S O U R C E _ U R L _ M A K E &gt;-------------------

Makes a Wikisource URL from Wikisource interwiki-link.  Returns the URL and appropriate
label; nil else.

str is the value assigned to |chapter= (or aliases) or |title= or |title-link=

]]

local function wikisource_url_make (str)
	local wl_type, D, L;
	local ws_url, ws_label;
	local wikisource_prefix = table.concat ({'https://', cfg.this_wiki_code, '.wikisource.org/wiki/'});

	wl_type, D, L = utilities.is_wikilink (str);								-- wl_type is 0 (not a wikilink), 1 (simple wikilink), 2 (complex wikilink)

	if 0 == wl_type then														-- not a wikilink; might be from |title-link=
		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title
				});
			ws_label = str;														-- label for the URL
		end
	elseif 1 == wl_type then													-- simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article]]
		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title
				});
			ws_label = str;														-- label for the URL
		end
	elseif 2 == wl_type then													-- non-so-simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article|displayed text]] ([[L|D]])
		str = L:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or L:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_label = D;														-- get ws article name from display portion of interwiki link
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title without namespace from link portion of wikilink
				});
		end
	end

	if ws_url then
		ws_url = mw.uri.encode (ws_url, 'WIKI');								-- make a usable URL
		ws_url = ws_url:gsub ('%%23', '#');										-- undo percent-encoding of fragment marker
	end

	return ws_url, ws_label, L or D;											-- return proper URL or nil and a label or nil
end


--[[----------------&lt; F O R M A T _ P E R I O D I C A L &gt;-----------------------

Format the three periodical parameters: |script-&lt;periodical&gt;=, |&lt;periodical&gt;=,
and |trans-&lt;periodical&gt;= into a single Periodical meta-parameter.

]]

local function format_periodical (script_periodical, script_periodical_source, periodical, trans_periodical)

	if not utilities.is_set (periodical) then
		periodical = '';														-- to be safe for concatenation
	else
		periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', periodical);			-- style 
	end

	periodical = script_concatenate (periodical, script_periodical, script_periodical_source);	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped

	if utilities.is_set (trans_periodical) then
		trans_periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', trans_periodical);
		if utilities.is_set (periodical) then
			periodical = periodical .. ' ' .. trans_periodical;
		else																	-- here when trans-periodical without periodical or script-periodical
			periodical = trans_periodical;
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'periodical'});
		end
	end

	return periodical;
end


--[[------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ C H A P T E R _ T I T L E &gt;---------------

Format the four chapter parameters: |script-chapter=, |chapter=, |trans-chapter=,
and |chapter-url= into a single chapter meta- parameter (chapter_url_source used
for error messages).

]]

local function format_chapter_title (script_chapter, script_chapter_source, chapter, trans_chapter, trans_chapter_source, chapter_url, chapter_url_source, no_quotes, access)
	local ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (chapter);					-- make a wikisource URL and label from a wikisource interwiki link
	if ws_url then
		ws_label = ws_label:gsub ('_', ' ');									-- replace underscore separators with space characters
		chapter = ws_label;
	end

	if not utilities.is_set (chapter) then
		chapter = '';															-- to be safe for concatenation
	else
		if false == no_quotes then
			chapter = kern_quotes (chapter);									-- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks
			chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', chapter);
		end
	end

	chapter = script_concatenate (chapter, script_chapter, script_chapter_source);	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped

	if utilities.is_set (chapter_url) then
		chapter = external_link (chapter_url, chapter, chapter_url_source, access);	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate
	elseif ws_url then
		chapter = external_link (ws_url, chapter .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in chapter');	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate; space char to move icon away from chap text; TODO: better way to do this?
		chapter = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, chapter});				
	end

	if utilities.is_set (trans_chapter) then
		trans_chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_chapter);
		if utilities.is_set (chapter) then
			chapter = chapter .. ' ' .. trans_chapter;
		else																	-- here when trans_chapter without chapter or script-chapter
			chapter = trans_chapter;
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {trans_chapter_source:match ('trans%-?(.+)')});	-- when no chapter, get matching name from trans-&lt;param&gt;
		end
	end

	return chapter;
end


--[[----------------&lt; H A S _ I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R S &gt;-------------------

This function searches a parameter's value for non-printable or invisible characters.
The search stops at the first match.

This function will detect the visible replacement character when it is part of the Wikisource.

Detects but ignores nowiki and math stripmarkers.  Also detects other named stripmarkers
(gallery, math, pre, ref) and identifies them with a slightly different error message.
See also coins_cleanup().

Output of this function is an error message that identifies the character or the
Unicode group, or the stripmarker that was detected along with its position (or,
for multi-byte characters, the position of its first byte) in the parameter value.

]]

local function has_invisible_chars (param, v)
	local position;																-- position of invisible char or starting position of stripmarker
	local capture;																-- used by stripmarker detection to hold name of the stripmarker
	local stripmarker;															-- boolean set true when a stripmarker is found

	capture = string.match (v, '[%w%p ]*');										-- test for values that are simple ASCII text and bypass other tests if true
	if capture == v then														-- if same there are no Unicode characters
		return;
	end

	for _, invisible_char in ipairs (cfg.invisible_chars) do
		local char_name = invisible_char[1];									-- the character or group name
		local pattern = invisible_char[2];										-- the pattern used to find it
		position, _, capture = mw.ustring.find (v, pattern);					-- see if the parameter value contains characters that match the pattern
		
		if position and (cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then				-- if we found a zero-width joiner character
			if mw.ustring.find (v, cfg.indic_script) then						-- it's ok if one of the Indic scripts
				position = nil;													-- unset position
			elseif cfg.emoji_t[mw.ustring.codepoint (v, position+1)] then		-- is zwj followed by a character listed in emoji{}?
				position = nil;													-- unset position
			end
		end
		
		if position then
			if 'nowiki' == capture or 'math' == capture or						-- nowiki and math stripmarkers (not an error condition)
				('templatestyles' == capture and utilities.in_array (param, {'id', 'quote'})) then	-- templatestyles stripmarker allowed in these parameters
					stripmarker = true;											-- set a flag
			elseif true == stripmarker and cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture then	-- because stripmakers begin and end with the delete char, assume that we've found one end of a stripmarker
				position = nil;													-- unset; for now, ignore linter warning
			else
				local err_msg;
				if capture and not (cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture or cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then
					err_msg = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.invisible_1, {capture, char_name});	-- &lt;capture&gt; here is stripmarker name
				else
					err_msg = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.invisible_2, char_name);
				end

				utilities.set_message ('err_invisible_char', {err_msg, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param), position});	-- add error message
				return;															-- and done with this parameter
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[-------------------&lt; A R G U M E N T _ W R A P P E R &gt;----------------------

Argument wrapper.  This function provides support for argument mapping defined
in the configuration file so that multiple names can be transparently aliased to
single internal variable.

]]

local function argument_wrapper ( args )
	local origin = {};
	
	return setmetatable({
		ORIGIN = function ( self, k )
			local dummy = self[k];												-- force the variable to be loaded; for now, ignore linter warning
			return origin[k];
		end
	},
	{
		__index = function ( tbl, k )
			if origin[k] ~= nil then
				return nil;
			end
			
			local v;
			local list = cfg.aliases[k];
			
			if type( list ) == 'table' then
				v, origin[k] = utilities.select_one ( args, list, 'err_redundant_parameters' );
				if origin[k] == nil then
					origin[k] = '';												-- Empty string, not nil
				end
			elseif list ~= nil then
				v, origin[k] = args[list], list;
			else
				-- maybe let through instead of raising an error?
				-- v, origin[k] = args[k], k;
				error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] .. ': ' .. k);
			end
			
			-- Empty strings, not nil;
			if v == nil then
				v = '';
				origin[k] = '';
			end
			
--			tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v );
			rawset( tbl, k, v );
			return v;
		end,
	});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N O W R A P _ D A T E &gt;-------------------------

When date is YYYY-MM-DD format wrap in nowrap span: &lt;span ...&gt;YYYY-MM-DD&lt;/span&gt;.
When date is DD MMMM YYYY or is MMMM DD, YYYY then wrap in nowrap span:
&lt;span ...&gt;DD MMMM&lt;/span&gt; YYYY or &lt;span ...&gt;MMMM DD,&lt;/span&gt; YYYY

DOES NOT yet support MMMM YYYY or any of the date ranges.

]]

local function nowrap_date (date)
	local cap;
	local cap2;

	if date:match(&quot;^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$&quot;) then
		date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap1'], date);
	
	elseif date:match(&quot;^%a+%s*%d%d?,%s+%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or date:match (&quot;^%d%d?%s*%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$&quot;) then
		cap, cap2 = string.match (date, &quot;^(.*)%s+(%d%d%d%d)$&quot;);
		date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap2'], {cap, cap2});
	end
	
	return date;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ T I T L E T Y P E &gt;---------------------

This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including
|type=&lt;default value&gt;) for those templates that have defaults. Also handles the
special case where it is desirable to omit the title type from the rendered citation
(|type=none).

]]

local function set_titletype (cite_class, title_type)
	if utilities.is_set (title_type) then
		if 'none' == cfg.keywords_xlate[title_type] then
			title_type = '';													-- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed
		end
		return title_type;														-- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value
	end

	return cfg.title_types [cite_class] or '';									-- set template's default title type; else empty string for concatenation
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ J O I N &gt;-----------------------------

Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters.

]]

local function safe_join( tbl, duplicate_char )
	local f = {};																-- create a function table appropriate to type of 'duplicate character'
		if 1 == #duplicate_char then											-- for single byte ASCII characters use the string library functions
			f.gsub = string.gsub
			f.match = string.match
			f.sub = string.sub
		else																	-- for multi-byte characters use the ustring library functions
			f.gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
			f.match = mw.ustring.match
			f.sub = mw.ustring.sub
		end

	local str = '';																-- the output string
	for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
		if value == nil then value = ''; end
		
		if str == '' then														-- if output string is empty
			str = value;														-- assign value to it (first time through the loop)
		elseif value ~= '' then
			local comp;															-- what does 'comp' mean?
			if value:sub(1, 1) == '&lt;' then										-- special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
				comp = value:gsub( &quot;%b&lt;&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot; );								-- remove HTML markup (&lt;span&gt;string&lt;/span&gt; -&gt; string)
			else
				comp = value;
			end
																				-- typically duplicate_char is sepc
			if f.sub(comp, 1, 1) == duplicate_char then							-- is first character same as duplicate_char? why test first character?
																				--   Because individual string segments often (always?) begin with terminal punct for the
																				--   preceding segment: 'First element' .. 'sepc next element' .. etc.?
				local trim = false;
				local end_chr = f.sub(str, -1, -1);								-- get the last character of the output string
				-- str = str .. &quot;&lt;HERE(enchr=&quot; .. end_chr .. &quot;)&quot;				-- debug stuff?
				if end_chr == duplicate_char then								-- if same as separator
					str = f.sub(str, 1, -2);									-- remove it
				elseif end_chr == &quot;'&quot; then										-- if it might be wiki-markup
					if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;''&quot; then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc'' 
						str = f.sub(str, 1, -4) .. &quot;''&quot;;						-- remove them and add back ''
					elseif  f.sub(str, -5, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]]''&quot; then	-- if last five chars of str are sepc]]'' 
						trim = true;											-- why? why do this and next differently from previous?
					elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]''&quot; then	-- if last four chars of str are sepc]'' 
						trim = true;											-- same question
					end
				elseif end_chr == &quot;]&quot; then										-- if it might be wiki-markup
					if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]]&quot; then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc]] wikilink 
						trim = true;
					elseif f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. '&quot;]' then	-- if last three chars of str are sepc&quot;] quoted external link 
						trim = true;
					elseif  f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]&quot; then	-- if last two chars of str are sepc] external link
						trim = true;
					elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;'']&quot; then	-- normal case when |url=something &amp; |title=Title.
						trim = true;
					end
				elseif end_chr == &quot; &quot; then										-- if last char of output string is a space
					if f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot; &quot; then			-- if last two chars of str are &lt;sepc&gt;&lt;space&gt;
						str = f.sub(str, 1, -3);								-- remove them both
					end
				end

				if trim then
					if value ~= comp then 										-- value does not equal comp when value contains HTML markup
						local dup2 = duplicate_char;
						if f.match(dup2, &quot;%A&quot; ) then dup2 = &quot;%&quot; .. dup2; end	-- if duplicate_char not a letter then escape it
						
						value = f.gsub(value, &quot;(%b&lt;&gt;)&quot; .. dup2, &quot;%1&quot;, 1 )		-- remove duplicate_char if it follows HTML markup
					else
						value = f.sub(value, 2, -1 );							-- remove duplicate_char when it is first character
					end
				end
			end
			str = str .. value; 												-- add it to the output string
		end
	end
	return str;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S U F F I X &gt;-----------------------------

returns true if suffix is properly formed Jr, Sr, or ordinal in the range 1–9.
Puncutation not allowed.

]]

local function is_suffix (suffix)
	if utilities.in_array (suffix, {'Jr', 'Sr', 'Jnr', 'Snr', '1st', '2nd', '3rd'}) or suffix:match ('^%dth$') then
		return true;
	end
	return false;
end


--[[--------------------&lt; I S _ G O O D _ V A N C _ N A M E &gt;-------------------

For Vancouver style, author/editor names are supposed to be rendered in Latin
(read ASCII) characters.  When a name uses characters that contain diacritical
marks, those characters are to be converted to the corresponding Latin
character. When a name is written using a non-Latin alphabet or logogram, that
name is to be transliterated into Latin characters. The module doesn't do this
so editors may/must.

This test allows |first= and |last= names to contain any of the letters defined
in the four Unicode Latin character sets
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf C0 Controls and Basic Latin] 0041–005A, 0061–007A
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement] 00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf Latin Extended-A] 0100–017F
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf Latin Extended-B] 0180–01BF, 01C4–024F

|lastn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, and apostrophes.
	(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
|firstn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, apostrophes, and periods

This original test:
	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, &quot;^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%']*$&quot;)
	or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, &quot;^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%'%.]+[2-6%a]*$&quot;) then
was written outside of the code editor and pasted here because the code editor
gets confused between character insertion point and cursor position. The test has
been rewritten to use decimal character escape sequence for the individual bytes
of the Unicode characters so that it is not necessary to use an external editor
to maintain this code.

	\195\128-\195\150 – À-Ö (U+00C0–U+00D6 – C0 controls)
	\195\152-\195\182 – Ø-ö (U+00D8-U+00F6 – C0 controls)
	\195\184-\198\191 – ø-ƿ (U+00F8-U+01BF – C0 controls, Latin extended A &amp; B)
	\199\132-\201\143 – Ǆ-ɏ (U+01C4-U+024F – Latin extended B)

]]

local function is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, position)
	if not suffix then
		if first:find ('[,%s]') then											-- when there is a space or comma, might be first name/initials + generational suffix
			first = first:match ('(.-)[,%s]+');									-- get name/initials
			suffix = first:match ('[,%s]+(.+)$');								-- get generational suffix
		end
	end
	if utilities.is_set (suffix) then
		if not is_suffix (suffix) then
			add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position);
			return false;														-- not a name with an appropriate suffix
		end
	end
	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, &quot;^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%']*$&quot;) or
		nil == mw.ustring.find (first, &quot;^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%'%.]*$&quot;) then
			add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['non-Latin char'], position);
			return false;														-- not a string of Latin characters; Vancouver requires Romanization
	end;
	return true;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R E D U C E _ T O _ I N I T I A L S &gt;------------------------------------------

Attempts to convert names to initials in support of |name-list-style=vanc.  

Names in |firstn= may be separated by spaces or hyphens, or for initials, a period.
See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35062/.

Vancouver style requires family rank designations (Jr, II, III, etc.) to be rendered
as Jr, 2nd, 3rd, etc.  See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35085/.
This code only accepts and understands generational suffix in the Vancouver format
because Roman numerals look like, and can be mistaken for, initials.

This function uses ustring functions because firstname initials may be any of the
Unicode Latin characters accepted by is_good_vanc_name ().

]]

local function reduce_to_initials (first, position)
	if first:find (',', 1, true) then
		return first;															-- commas not allowed; abandon
	end

	local name, suffix = mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^(%u+) ([%dJS][%drndth]+)$&quot;);

	if not name then															-- if not initials and a suffix
		name = mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^(%u+)$&quot;);								-- is it just initials?
	end

	if name then																-- if first is initials with or without suffix
		if 3 &gt; mw.ustring.len (name) then										-- if one or two initials
			if suffix then														-- if there is a suffix
				if is_suffix (suffix) then										-- is it legitimate?
					return first;												-- one or two initials and a valid suffix so nothing to do
				else
					add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position);			-- one or two initials with invalid suffix so error message
					return first;												-- and return first unmolested
				end
			else
				return first;													-- one or two initials without suffix; nothing to do
			end
		end
	end																			-- if here then name has 3 or more uppercase letters so treat them as a word

	local initials_t = {};														-- table to hold initials
	local i = 1;																-- counter for number of initials

	local names_t = mw.text.split (first, '[%s%-]+');							-- split into a sequence of names and possible suffix

	while names_t[i] do															-- loop through the sequence
		if 1 &lt; i and names_t[i]:match ('[%dJS][%drndth]+%.?$') then				-- if not the first name, and looks like a suffix (may have trailing dot)
			names_t[i] = names_t[i]:gsub ('%.', '');							-- remove terminal dot if present
			if is_suffix (names_t[i]) then										-- if a legitimate suffix
				table.insert (initials_t, ' ' .. names_t[i]);					-- add a separator space, insert at end of initials sequence
				break;															-- and done because suffix must fall at the end of a name
			end																	-- no error message if not a suffix; possibly because of Romanization
		end
		if 3 &gt; i then
			table.insert (initials_t, mw.ustring.sub (names_t[i], 1, 1));		-- insert the initial at end of initials sequence
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- bump the counter
	end
			
	return table.concat (initials_t);											-- Vancouver format does not include spaces.
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N T E R W I K I _ P R E F I X E N _ G E T &gt;----------------------------------

extract interwiki prefixen from &lt;value&gt;.  Returns two one or two values:
	false – no prefixen
	nil – prefix exists but not recognized
	project prefix, language prefix – when value has either of:
		:&lt;project&gt;:&lt;language&gt;:&lt;article&gt;
		:&lt;language&gt;:&lt;project&gt;:&lt;article&gt;
	project prefix, nil – when &lt;value&gt; has only a known single-letter prefix
	nil, language prefix – when &lt;value&gt; has only a known language prefix

accepts single-letter project prefixen: 'd' (wikidata), 's' (wikisource), and 'w' (wikipedia) prefixes; at this
writing, the other single-letter prefixen (b (wikibook), c (commons), m (meta), n (wikinews), q (wikiquote), and
v (wikiversity)) are not supported.

]]

local function interwiki_prefixen_get (value, is_link)
	if not value:find (':%l+:') then											-- if no prefix
		return false;															-- abandon; boolean here to distinguish from nil fail returns later
	end

	local prefix_patterns_linked_t = {											-- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen
		'^%[%[:([dsw]):(%l%l+):',												-- wikilinked; project and language prefixes
		'^%[%[:(%l%l+):([dsw]):',												-- wikilinked; language and project prefixes
		'^%[%[:([dsw]):',														-- wikilinked; project prefix
		'^%[%[:(%l%l+):',														-- wikilinked; language prefix
		}
		
	local prefix_patterns_unlinked_t = {										-- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen
		'^:([dsw]):(%l%l+):',													-- project and language prefixes
		'^:(%l%l+):([dsw]):',													-- language and project prefixes
		'^:([dsw]):',															-- project prefix
		'^:(%l%l+):',															-- language prefix
		}
	
	local cap1, cap2;
	for _, pattern in ipairs ((is_link and prefix_patterns_linked_t) or prefix_patterns_unlinked_t) do
		cap1, cap2 = value:match (pattern);
		if cap1 then
			break;																-- found a match so stop looking
		end
	end
	
	if cap1 and cap2 then														-- when both then :project:language: or :language:project: (both forms allowed)
		if 1 == #cap1 then														-- length == 1 then :project:language:
			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap2] then									-- is language prefix in the interwiki map?
				return cap1, cap2;												-- return interwiki project and interwiki language
			end
		else																	-- here when :language:project:
			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then									-- is language prefix in the interwiki map?
				return cap2, cap1;												-- return interwiki project and interwiki language
			end
		end
		return nil;																-- unknown interwiki language
	elseif not (cap1 or cap2) then												-- both are nil?
		return nil;																-- we got something that looks like a project prefix but isn't; return fail
	elseif 1 == #cap1 then														-- here when one capture
		return cap1, nil;														-- length is 1 so return project, nil language
	else																		-- here when one capture and its length it more than 1
		if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then										-- is language prefix in the interwiki map?
			return nil, cap1;													-- return nil project, language
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I S T _ P E O P L E &gt;--------------------------

Formats a list of people (authors, contributors, editors, interviewers, translators) 

names in the list will be linked when
	|&lt;name&gt;-link= has a value
	|&lt;name&gt;-mask- does NOT have a value; masked names are presumed to have been
		rendered previously so should have been linked there

when |&lt;name&gt;-mask=0, the associated name is not rendered

]]

local function list_people (control, people, etal)
	local sep;
	local namesep;
	local format = control.format;
	local maximum = control.maximum;
	local name_list = {};

	if 'vanc' == format then													-- Vancouver-like name styling?
		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl_vanc'];									-- name-list separator between names is a comma
		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name_vanc'];							-- last/first separator is a space
	else
		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl'];										-- name-list separator between names is a semicolon
		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name'];									-- last/first separator is &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
	end
	
	if sep:sub (-1, -1) ~= &quot; &quot; then sep = sep .. &quot; &quot; end
	if utilities.is_set (maximum) and maximum &lt; 1 then return &quot;&quot;, 0; end		-- returned 0 is for EditorCount; not used for other names
	
	for i, person in ipairs (people) do
		if utilities.is_set (person.last) then
			local mask = person.mask;
			local one;
			local sep_one = sep;

			if utilities.is_set (maximum) and i &gt; maximum then
				etal = true;
				break;
			end
			
			if mask then
				local n = tonumber (mask);										-- convert to a number if it can be converted; nil else
				if n then
					one = 0 ~= n and string.rep(&quot;&amp;mdash;&quot;, n) or nil;			-- make a string of (n &gt; 0) mdashes, nil else, to replace name
					person.link = nil;											-- don't create link to name if name is replaces with mdash string or has been set nil
				else
					one = mask;													-- replace name with mask text (must include name-list separator)
					sep_one = &quot; &quot;;												-- modify name-list separator
				end
			else
				one = person.last;												-- get surname
				local first = person.first										-- get given name
				if utilities.is_set (first) then
					if (&quot;vanc&quot; == format) then									-- if Vancouver format
						one = one:gsub ('%.', '');								-- remove periods from surnames (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
						if not person.corporate and is_good_vanc_name (one, first, nil, i) then		-- and name is all Latin characters; corporate authors not tested
							first = reduce_to_initials (first, i);				-- attempt to convert first name(s) to initials
						end
					end
					one = one .. namesep .. first;
				end
			end
			if utilities.is_set (person.link) then
				one = utilities.make_wikilink (person.link, one);				-- link author/editor
			end

			if one then															-- if &lt;one&gt; has a value (name, mdash replacement, or mask text replacement)
				local proj, tag = interwiki_prefixen_get (one, true);			-- get the interwiki prefixen if present
				if 'w' == proj and ('Wikipedia' == mw.site.namespaces.Project['name']) then
					proj = nil;													-- for stuff like :w:de:&lt;article&gt;, :w is unnecessary TODO: maint cat?
				end
				if proj then
					local proj_name = ({['d'] = cfg.messages.wikidata, ['s'] = cfg.messages.wikisource, ['w'] = cfg.messages.wikipedia})[proj];	-- :w (wikipedia) for linking from a non-wikipedia project
					if proj_name then 
						one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interproj', proj_name);	-- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name
						utilities.add_prop_cat ('interproj-linked-name', proj);	-- categorize it; &lt;proj&gt; is sort key
						tag = nil;												-- unset; don't do both project and language
					end
				end
				if tag == cfg.this_wiki_code then
					tag = nil;													-- stuff like :en:&lt;article&gt; at en.wiki is pointless TODO: maint cat?
				end
				if tag then
					local lang = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag] or cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag];
					if lang then												-- error messaging done in extract_names() where we know parameter names
						one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interwiki', lang);	-- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name
						utilities.add_prop_cat ('interwiki-linked-name', tag);	-- categorize it; &lt;tag&gt; is sort key
					end
				end

				table.insert (name_list, one);									-- add it to the list of names
				table.insert (name_list, sep_one);								-- add the proper name-list separator
			end
		end
	end

	local count = #name_list / 2;												-- (number of names + number of separators) divided by 2
	if 0 &lt; count then 
		if 1 &lt; count and not etal then
			if 'amp' == format then
				name_list[#name_list-2] = &quot; &amp; &quot;;								-- replace last separator with ampersand text
			elseif 'and' == format then
				if 2 == count then
					name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_and;		-- replace last separator with 'and' text
				else
					name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_end;		-- replace last separator with '(sep) and' text
				end
			end
		end
		name_list[#name_list] = nil;											-- erase the last separator
	end

	local result = table.concat (name_list);									-- construct list
	if etal and utilities.is_set (result) then									-- etal may be set by |display-authors=etal but we might not have a last-first list
		result = result .. sep .. cfg.messages['et al'];						-- we've got a last-first list and etal so add et al.
	end
	
	return result, count;														-- return name-list string and count of number of names (count used for editor names only)
end


--[[--------------------&lt; M A K E _ C I T E R E F _ I D &gt;-----------------------

Generates a CITEREF anchor ID if we have at least one name or a date.  Otherwise
returns an empty string.

namelist is one of the contributor-, author-, or editor-name lists chosen in that
order.  year is Year or anchor_year.

]]

local function make_citeref_id (namelist, year)
	local names={};							-- a table for the one to four names and year
	for i,v in ipairs (namelist) do			-- loop through the list and take up to the first four last names
		names[i] = v.last
		if i == 4 then break end			-- if four then done
	end
	table.insert (names, year);				-- add the year at the end
	local id = table.concat(names);			-- concatenate names and year for CITEREF id
	if utilities.is_set (id) then			-- if concatenation is not an empty string
		return &quot;CITEREF&quot; .. id;				-- add the CITEREF portion
	else
		return '';							-- return an empty string; no reason to include CITEREF id in this citation
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E _ C L A S S _A T T R I B U T E _M A K E &gt;------------------------------

construct &lt;cite&gt; tag class attribute for this citation.

&lt;cite_class&gt; – config.CitationClass from calling template
&lt;mode&gt; – value from |mode= parameter

]]

local function cite_class_attribute_make (cite_class, mode)
	local class_t = {};
	table.insert (class_t, 'citation');											-- required for blue highlight
	if 'citation' ~= cite_class then
		table.insert (class_t, cite_class);										-- identify this template for user css
		table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs1');		-- identify the citation style for user css or javascript
	else
		table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs2');		-- identify the citation style for user css or javascript
	end
	for _, prop_key in ipairs (z.prop_keys_t) do
		table.insert (class_t, prop_key);										-- identify various properties for user css or javascript
	end

	return table.concat (class_t, ' ');											-- make a big string and done
end


--[[---------------------&lt; N A M E _ H A S _ E T A L &gt;--------------------------

Evaluates the content of name parameters (author, editor, etc.) for variations on
the theme of et al.  If found, the et al. is removed, a flag is set to true and
the function returns the modified name and the flag.

This function never sets the flag to false but returns its previous state because
it may have been set by previous passes through this function or by the associated
|display-&lt;names&gt;=etal parameter

]]

local function name_has_etal (name, etal, nocat, param)

	if utilities.is_set (name) then												-- name can be nil in which case just return
		local patterns = cfg.et_al_patterns; 									-- get patterns from configuration
		
		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- loop through all of the patterns
			if name:match (pattern) then										-- if this 'et al' pattern is found in name
				name = name:gsub (pattern, '');									-- remove the offending text
				etal = true;													-- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-&lt;names&gt;=etal)
				if not nocat then												-- no categorization for |vauthors=
					utilities.set_message ('err_etal', {param});				-- and set an error if not added
				end
			end
		end
	end

	return name, etal;
end


--[[---------------------&lt; N A M E _ I S _ N U M E R I C &gt;----------------------

Add an error message and category when &lt;name&gt; parameter value does not contain letters.  

Add a maintenance category when &lt;name&gt; parameter value has numeric characters mixed with characters that are 
not numeric characters; could be letters and/or punctuation characters.

This function will only emit one error and one maint message for the current template.  Does not emit both error
and maint messages/categories for the same parameter value.

returns nothing

]]

local function name_is_numeric (name, name_alias, list_name)
	local patterns = {
		'^%D+%d',																-- &lt;name&gt; must have digits preceded by other characters
		'^%D*%d+%D+',															-- &lt;name&gt; must have digits followed by other characters
		}

	if not added_numeric_name_errs and mw.ustring.match (name, '^[%A]+$') then	-- if we have not already set an error message and &lt;name&gt; does not have any alpha characters
		utilities.set_message ('err_numeric_names', name_alias);				-- add an error message
		added_numeric_name_errs = true;											-- set the flag so we emit only one error message
		return;																	-- when here no point in further testing; abandon
	end

	if not added_numeric_name_maint then										-- if we have already set a maint message
		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- spin through list of patterns
			if mw.ustring.match (name, pattern) then							-- digits preceded or followed by anything but digits; %D+ includes punctuation
				utilities.set_message ('maint_numeric_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint cat for this template
				added_numeric_name_maint = true;								-- set the flag so we emit only one maint message
				return;															-- when here no point in further testing; abandon
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[-----------------&lt; N A M E _ H A S _ M U L T _ N A M E S &gt;------------------

Evaluates the content of last/surname (authors etc.) parameters for multiple names.
Multiple names are indicated if there is more than one comma or any &quot;unescaped&quot;
semicolons. Escaped semicolons are ones used as part of selected HTML entities.
If the condition is met, the function adds the multiple name maintenance category.

Same test for first except that commas should not appear in given names (MOS:JR says
that the generational suffix does not take a separator character).  Titles, degrees,
postnominals, affiliations, all normally comma separated don't belong in a citation.

&lt;name&gt; – name parameter value
&lt;list_name&gt; – AuthorList, EditorList, etc
&lt;limit&gt; – number of allowed commas; 1 (default) for surnames; 0 for given names

returns nothing

]]

local function name_has_mult_names (name, list_name, limit)
	local _, commas, semicolons, nbsps;
	limit = limit and limit or 1;
	if utilities.is_set (name) then
		_, commas = name:gsub (',', '');										-- count the number of commas
		_, semicolons = name:gsub (';', '');									-- count the number of semicolons
		-- nbsps probably should be its own separate count rather than merged in
		-- some way with semicolons because Lua patterns do not support the
		-- grouping operator that regex does, which means there is no way to add
		-- more entities to escape except by adding more counts with the new
		-- entities
		_, nbsps = name:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;','');										-- count nbsps
		
		-- There is exactly 1 semicolon per &amp;nbsp; entity, so subtract nbsps
		-- from semicolons to 'escape' them. If additional entities are added,
		-- they also can be subtracted.
		if limit &lt; commas or 0 &lt; (semicolons - nbsps) then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_mult_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint message
		end
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ G E N E R I C &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Compares values assigned to various parameters according to the string provided as &lt;item&gt; in the function call.
&lt;item&gt; can have on of two values:
	'generic_names' – for name-holding parameters: |last=, |first=, |editor-last=, etc
	'generic_titles' – for |title=

There are two types of generic tests.  The 'accept' tests look for a pattern that should not be rejected by the
'reject' test.  For example,
	|author=[[John Smith (author)|Smith, John]]
would be rejected by the 'author' reject test.  But piped wikilinks with 'author' disambiguation should not be
rejected so the 'accept' test prevents that from happening.  Accept tests are always performed before reject
tests.

Each of the 'accept' and 'reject' sequence tables hold tables for en.wiki (['en']) and local.wiki (['local'])
that each can hold a test sequence table  The sequence table holds, at index [1], a test pattern, and, at index
[2], a boolean control value.  The control value tells string.find() or mw.ustring.find() to do plain-text search (true)
or a pattern search (false).  The intent of all this complexity is to make these searches as fast as possible so
that we don't run out of processing time on very large articles.

Returns
	true when a reject test finds the pattern or string
	false when an accept test finds the pattern or string
	nil else

]=]

local function is_generic (item, value)
	local str_lower = {															-- use string.lower() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.lower() or local.wiki (['local'])
		['en'] = string.lower,
		['local'] = mw.ustring.lower,
		}
	local str_find = {															-- use string.find() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.find() or local.wiki (['local'])
		['en'] = string.find,
		['local'] = mw.ustring.find,
		}

	local function test (val, test_t, wiki)										-- local function to do the testing; &lt;wiki&gt; selects lower() and find() functions
		val = test_t[2] and str_lower[wiki](value) or val;						-- when &lt;test_t[2]&gt; set to 'true', plaintext search using lowercase value
		return str_find[wiki] (val, test_t[1], 1, test_t[2]);					-- return nil when not found or matched
	end
		
	local test_types_t = {'accept', 'reject'};									-- test accept patterns first, then reject patterns
	local wikis_t = {'en', 'local'};											-- do tests for each of these keys; en.wiki first, local.wiki second

	for _, test_type in ipairs (test_types_t) do								-- for each test type
		for _, generic_value in pairs (cfg.special_case_translation[item][test_type]) do	-- spin through the list of generic value fragments to accept or reject
			for _, wiki in ipairs (wikis_t) do
				if generic_value[wiki] then
					if test (value, generic_value[wiki], wiki) then				-- go do the test
						return ('reject' == test_type);							-- param value rejected, return true; false else
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ I S _ G E N E R I C &gt;------------------------------------------------

calls is_generic() to determine if &lt;name&gt; is a 'generic name' listed in cfg.generic_names; &lt;name_alias&gt; is the
parameter name used in error messaging

]]

local function name_is_generic (name, name_alias)
	if not added_generic_name_errs  and is_generic ('generic_names', name) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_generic_name', name_alias);					-- set an error message
		added_generic_name_errs = true;
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ C H E C K S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

This function calls various name checking functions used to validate the content of the various name-holding parameters.

]]

local function name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias)
	local accept_name;

	if utilities.is_set (last) then
		last, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (last);				-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;last&gt;

		if not accept_name then													-- &lt;last&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
			name_has_mult_names (last, list_name);								-- check for multiple names in the parameter
			name_is_numeric (last, last_alias, list_name);						-- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters
			name_is_generic (last, last_alias);									-- check for names found in the generic names list
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (first) then
		first, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (first);			-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;first&gt;

		if not accept_name then													-- &lt;first&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
			name_has_mult_names (first, list_name, 0);							-- check for multiple names in the parameter; 0 is number of allowed commas in a given name
			name_is_numeric (first, first_alias, list_name);					-- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters
			name_is_generic (first, first_alias);								-- check for names found in the generic names list
		end
		local wl_type, D = utilities.is_wikilink (first);
		if 0 ~= wl_type then
			first = D;
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', first_alias);
		end
	end

	return last, first;															-- done
end


--[[----------------------&lt; E X T R A C T _ N A M E S &gt;-------------------------

Gets name list from the input arguments

Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters
(or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters. Stops searching
when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts:
found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't find |last4= and |last5= then the
search is done.

This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching
|lastn=.  When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3=
are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not
required to have a matching |firstn=.

When an author or editor parameter contains some form of 'et al.', the 'et al.'
is stripped from the parameter and a flag (etal) returned that will cause list_people()
to add the static 'et al.' text from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration.  This keeps
'et al.' out of the template's metadata.  When this occurs, an error is emitted.

]]

local function extract_names(args, list_name)
	local names = {};															-- table of names
	local last;																	-- individual name components
	local first;
	local link;
	local mask;
	local i = 1;																-- loop counter/indexer
	local n = 1;																-- output table indexer
	local count = 0;															-- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors)
	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. in an author parameter

	local last_alias, first_alias, link_alias;									-- selected parameter aliases used in error messaging
	while true do
		last, last_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );		-- search through args for name components beginning at 1
		first, first_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		link, link_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
	
		if last then															-- error check |lastn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix; done here because this is where we have the parameter name
			local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (last, true);		-- true because we expect interwiki links in |lastn= to be wikilinked
			if nil == project and nil == language then							-- when both are nil
				utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', last_alias);		-- not known, emit an error message	-- TODO: err_bad_interwiki?
				last = utilities.remove_wiki_link (last);						-- remove wikilink markup; show display value only
			end
		end
		
		if link then															-- error check |linkn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix
			local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (link, false);		-- false because wiki links in |author-linkn= is an error
			if nil == project and nil == language then							-- when both are nil
				utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', link_alias);		-- not known, emit an error message	-- TODO: err_bad_interwiki?
				link = nil;														-- unset so we don't link
				link_alias = nil;
			end
		end
		
		last, etal = name_has_etal (last, etal, false, last_alias);				-- find and remove variations on et al.
		first, etal = name_has_etal (first, etal, false, first_alias);			-- find and remove variations on et al.
		last, first = name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias);						-- multiple names, extraneous annotation, etc. checks

		if first and not last then												-- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn
			local alias = first_alias:find ('given', 1, true) and 'given' or 'first';	-- get first or given form of the alias
			utilities.set_message ('err_first_missing_last', {
				first_alias,													-- param name of alias missing its mate
				first_alias:gsub (alias, {['first'] = 'last', ['given'] = 'surname'}),	-- make param name appropriate to the alias form
				});																-- add this error message
		elseif not first and not last then										-- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done?
			count = count + 1;													-- number of times we haven't found last and first
			if 2 &lt;= count then													-- two missing names and we give up
				break;															-- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which
			end
		else																	-- we have last with or without a first
			link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, last, last_alias);			-- check for improper wiki-markup

			if first then
				link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, first, first_alias);	-- check for improper wiki-markup
			end

			names[n] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = false};	-- add this name to our names list (corporate for |vauthors= only)
			n = n + 1;															-- point to next location in the names table
			if 1 == count then													-- if the previous name was missing
				utilities.set_message ('err_missing_name', {list_name:match (&quot;(%w+)List&quot;):lower(), i - 1});	-- add this error message
			end
			count = 0;															-- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- point to next args location
	end
	
	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names and the etal flag
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ T A G _ G E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------

attempt to decode |language=&lt;lang_param&gt; and return language name and matching tag; nil else.

This function looks for:
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a tag in cfg.lang_tag_remap{}
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a name in cfg.lang_name_remap{}
	
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a name in cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a tag in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t
when those fail, presume that &lt;lang_param&gt; is an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki does not recognize.  Strip all
script, region, variant, whatever subtags from &lt;lang_param&gt; to leave just a two or three character language tag
and look for the new &lt;lang_param&gt; in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t{}

on success, returns name (in properly capitalized form) and matching tag (in lowercase); on failure returns nil

]]

local function name_tag_get (lang_param)
	local lang_param_lc = mw.ustring.lower (lang_param);						-- use lowercase as an index into the various tables
	local name;
	local tag;

	name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang_param_lc];									-- assume &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; attempt to get remapped language name 
	if name then																-- when &lt;name&gt;, &lt;lang_param&gt; is a tag for a remapped language name
		if cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2] ~= lang_param_lc then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang');						-- add maint category if not already added
			return name, cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2];					-- so return name and tag from lang_name_remap[name]; special case to xlate sr-ec and sr-el to sr-cyrl and sr-latn
		end
		return name, lang_param_lc;												-- so return &lt;name&gt; from remap and &lt;lang_param_lc&gt;
	end

	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- still assuming that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; strip script, region, variant subtags
	name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag];												-- attempt to get remapped language name with language subtag only
	if name then																-- when &lt;name&gt;, &lt;tag&gt; is a tag for a remapped language name
		return name, tag;														-- so return &lt;name&gt; from remap and &lt;tag&gt;
	end

	if cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc] then									-- not a remapped tag, assume &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a name; attempt to get remapped language tag 
		return cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][1], cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][2];	-- for this &lt;lang_param_lc&gt;, return a (possibly) new name and appropriate tag
	end

	name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[lang_param_lc];							-- assume that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; attempt to get its matching language name
	
	if name then
		return name, lang_param_lc;												-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag so return it and &lt;name&gt;
	end
	
	tag = cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t[lang_param_lc];							-- assume that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a language name; attempt to get its matching tag
	
	if tag then
		return cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag], tag;								-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a name so return the name from the table and &lt;tag&gt;
	end

	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- is &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki doesn't recognize? &lt;tag&gt; gets the language subtag; nil else

	if tag then
		name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag];									-- attempt to get a language name using the shortened &lt;tag&gt;
		if name then
			return name, tag;													-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is an unrecognized IETF-like tag so return &lt;name&gt; and language subtag
		end
	end
end


--[[-------------------&lt; L A N G U A G E _ P A R A M E T E R &gt;------------------

Gets language name from a provided two- or three-character ISO 639 code.  If a code
is recognized by MediaWiki, use the returned name; if not, then use the value that
was provided with the language parameter.

When |language= contains a recognized language (either code or name), the page is
assigned to the category for that code: Category:Norwegian-language sources (no).
For valid three-character code languages, the page is assigned to the single category
for '639-2' codes: Category:CS1 ISO 639-2 language sources.

Languages that are the same as the local wiki are not categorized.  MediaWiki does
not recognize three-character equivalents of two-character codes: code 'ar' is
recognized but code 'ara' is not.

This function supports multiple languages in the form |language=nb, French, th
where the language names or codes are separated from each other by commas with
optional space characters.

]]

local function language_parameter (lang)
	local tag;																	-- some form of IETF-like language tag; language subtag with optional region, sript, vatiant, etc subtags
	local lang_subtag;															-- ve populates |language= with mostly unecessary region subtags that MediaWiki does not recognize; this is the base language subtag
	local name;																	-- the language name
	local language_list = {};													-- table of language names to be rendered

	local names_t = mw.text.split (lang, '%s*,%s*');							-- names should be a comma separated list

	for _, lang in ipairs (names_t) do											-- reuse lang here because we don't yet know if lang is a language name or a language tag; for now, ignore linter warning
		name, tag = name_tag_get (lang);										-- attempt to get name/tag pair for &lt;lang&gt;; &lt;name&gt; has proper capitalization; &lt;tag&gt; is lowercase

		if utilities.is_set (tag) then
			lang_subtag = tag:gsub ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*', '%1');					-- for categorization, strip any IETF-like tags from language tag

			if cfg.this_wiki_code ~= lang_subtag then							-- when the language is not the same as this wiki's language
				if 2 == lang_subtag:len() then									-- and is a two-character tag
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source', {name, tag}, lang_subtag);		-- categorize it; tag appended to allow for multiple language categorization
				else															-- or is a recognized language (but has a three-character tag)
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source-2', {lang_subtag}, lang_subtag);			-- categorize it differently TODO: support multiple three-character tag categories per cs1|2 template?
				end
			elseif cfg.local_lang_cat_enable then								-- when the language and this wiki's language are the same and categorization is enabled
				utilities.add_prop_cat ('local-lang-source', {name, lang_subtag});		-- categorize it
			end
		else
			name = lang;														-- return whatever &lt;lang&gt; has so that we show something
			utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang');						-- add maint category if not already added
		end
		
		table.insert (language_list, name);
	end
 
	name = utilities.make_sep_list (#language_list, language_list);
	if (1 == #language_list) and (lang_subtag == cfg.this_wiki_code) then		-- when only one language, find lang name in this wiki lang name; for |language=en-us, 'English' in 'American English'
		return '';																-- if one language and that language is this wiki's return an empty string (no annotation)
	end
	return (&quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('language', name));								-- otherwise wrap with '(in ...)'
	--[[ TODO: should only return blank or name rather than full list
	so we can clean up the bunched parenthetical elements Language, Type, Format
	]]
end


--[[-----------------------&lt; S E T _ C S _ S T Y L E &gt;--------------------------

Gets the default CS style configuration for the given mode.
Returns default separator and either postscript as passed in or the default.
In CS1, the default postscript and separator are '.'.
In CS2, the default postscript is the empty string and the default separator is ','.

]]

local function set_cs_style (postscript, mode)
	if utilities.is_set(postscript) then
		-- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs1 postscript
		-- we catch the opposite case for cs2 in set_style
		if mode == 'cs1' and postscript == cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode] then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript');
		end
	else
		postscript = cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode];
	end
	return cfg.presentation['sep_' .. mode], postscript;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S T Y L E &gt;-----------------------------

Sets the separator and postscript styles. Checks the |mode= first and the
#invoke CitationClass second. Removes the postscript if postscript == none.

]]

local function set_style (mode, postscript, cite_class)
	local sep;
	if 'cs2' == mode then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2');
	elseif 'cs1' == mode then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1');
	elseif 'citation' == cite_class	then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2');
	else
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1');
	end

	if cfg.keywords_xlate[postscript:lower()] == 'none' then
		-- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs2 postscript
		-- we catch the opposite case for cs1 in set_cs_style
		if 'cs2' == mode or ('cs1' ~= mode and 'citation' == cite_class) then	-- {{citation |title=Title |mode=cs1 |postscript=none}} should not emit maint message
			utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript');
		end
		postscript = '';
	end
	
	return sep, postscript
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ P D F &gt;-----------------------------------

Determines if a URL has the file extension that is one of the PDF file extensions
used by [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] when applying the PDF icon to external links.

returns true if file extension is one of the recognized extensions, else false

]=]

local function is_pdf (url)
	return url:match ('%.pdf$') or url:match ('%.PDF$') or
		url:match ('%.pdf[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF[%?#]') or
		url:match ('%.PDF&amp;#035') or url:match ('%.pdf&amp;#035');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T Y L E _ F O R M A T &gt;-----------------------

Applies CSS style to |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.  Also emits an error message
if the format parameter does not have a matching URL parameter.  If the format parameter
is not set and the URL contains a file extension that is recognized as a PDF document
by MediaWiki's commons.css, this code will set the format parameter to (PDF) with
the appropriate styling.

]]

local function style_format (format, url, fmt_param, url_param)
	if utilities.is_set (format) then
		format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', format);						-- add leading space, parentheses, resize
		if not utilities.is_set (url) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_format_missing_url', {fmt_param, url_param});	-- add an error message
		end
	elseif is_pdf (url) then													-- format is not set so if URL is a PDF file then
		format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', 'PDF');						-- set format to PDF
	else
		format = '';															-- empty string for concatenation
	end
	return format;
end


--[[---------------------&lt; G E T _ D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S &gt;------------------

Returns a number that defines the number of names displayed for author and editor
name lists and a Boolean flag to indicate when et al. should be appended to the name list.

When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is a number greater than or equal to zero,
return the number and the previous state of the 'etal' flag (false by default
but may have been set to true if the name list contains some variant of the text 'et al.').

When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is the keyword 'etal', return a number
that is one greater than the number of authors in the list and set the 'etal' flag true.
This will cause the list_people() to display all of the names in the name list followed by 'et al.'

In all other cases, returns nil and the previous state of the 'etal' flag.

inputs:
	max: A['DisplayAuthors'] or A['DisplayEditors'], etc; a number or some flavor of etal
	count: #a or #e
	list_name: 'authors' or 'editors'
	etal: author_etal or editor_etal

This function sets an error message when |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names but
not when &lt;max&gt; comes from {{cs1 config}} global settings.  When using global settings, &lt;param&gt; is set to the
keyword 'cs1 config' which is used to supress the normal error.  Error is suppressed because it is to be expected
that some citations in an article will have the same or fewer names that the limit specified in {{cs1 config}}.

]]

local function get_display_names (max, count, etal, param)
	if utilities.is_set (max) then
		if 'etal' == cfg.keywords_xlate[max:lower():gsub(&quot;[ '%.]&quot;, '')] then	-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings
			max = count + 1;													-- number of authors + 1 so display all author name plus et al.
			etal = true;														-- overrides value set by extract_names()
		elseif max:match ('^%d+$') then											-- if is a string of numbers
			max = tonumber (max);												-- make it a number
			if (max &gt;= count) and ('cs1 config' ~= param) then					-- error when local |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names; not an error when using global setting
				utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max});			-- add error message
				max = nil;
			end
		else																	-- not a valid keyword or number
			utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max});				-- add error message
			max = nil;															-- unset; as if |display-xxxxors= had not been set
		end
	end
	
	return max, etal;
end


--[[----------&lt; E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ P A G E _ C H E C K &gt;---------------

Adds error if |page=, |pages=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages= has what appears to be
some form of p. or pp. abbreviation in the first characters of the parameter content.

check page for extraneous p, p., pp, pp., pg, pg. at start of parameter value:
	good pattern: '^P[^%.P%l]' matches when page begins PX or P# but not Px
		      where x and X are letters and # is a digit
	bad pattern:  '^[Pp][PpGg]' matches when page begins pp, pP, Pp, PP, pg, pG, Pg, PG

]]

local function extra_text_in_page_check (val, name)
	if not val:match (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.good_ppattern) then
		for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.bad_ppatterns) do		-- spin through the selected sequence table of patterns
			if val:match (pattern) then											-- when a match, error so
				utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_pages', name);	 		-- add error message
				return;															-- and done
			end
		end
	end		
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ V O L _ I S S _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------

Adds error if |volume= or |issue= has what appears to be some form of redundant 'type' indicator.  Applies to
both; this function looks for issue text in both |issue= and |volume= and looks for volume-like text in |voluem=
and |issue=.

For |volume=:
	'V.', or 'Vol.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations or 'Volume' in the first characters of the parameter
	content (all case insensitive). 'V' and 'v' (without the dot) are presumed to be roman numerals so
	are allowed.

For |issue=:
	'No.', 'I.', 'Iss.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations, or 'Issue' in the first characters of the
	parameter content (all case insensitive); numero styling: 'n°' with degree sign U+00B0, and № precomposed
	numero sign U+2116.
	
Single character values ('v', 'i', 'n') allowed when not followed by separator character ('.', ':', '=', or
whitespace character) – param values are trimmed of whitespace by MediaWiki before delivered to the module.
	
&lt;val&gt; is |volume= or |issue= parameter value
&lt;name&gt; is |volume= or |issue= parameter name for error message
&lt;selector&gt; is 'v' for |volume=, 'i' for |issue=

sets error message on failure; returns nothing

]]

local function extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (val, name, selector)
	if not utilities.is_set (val) then
		return;
	end
	
	local handler = 'v' == selector and 'err_extra_text_volume' or 'err_extra_text_issue';
	
	local accept_val;															-- for now, ignore linter warning
	val, accept_val = utilities.has_accept_as_written (val);
	--if accept_val then														-- if uncomment this, |volume=((vol. 1)) suppresses error
	--	return;
	--end
	
	--val = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (val);										-- if uncomment this, |volume=&lt;nowiki&gt;vol. 1&lt;/nowiki&gt; shows error
	val = val:lower();															-- force parameter value to lower case
	
	for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.vi_patterns_t) do			-- spin through the sequence table of patterns
		if val:match (pattern) then												-- when a match, error so
			utilities.set_message (handler, name);								-- add error message
			return;																-- and done
		end
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; G E T _ V _ N A M E _ T A B L E &gt;----------------------------------------------

split apart a |vauthors= or |veditors= parameter.  This function allows for corporate names, wrapped in doubled
parentheses to also have commas; in the old version of the code, the doubled parentheses were included in the
rendered citation and in the metadata.  Individual author names may be wikilinked

	|vauthors=Jones AB, [[E. B. White|White EB]], ((Black, Brown, and Co.))

]=]

local function get_v_name_table (vparam, output_table, output_link_table)
	local _, accept = utilities.has_accept_as_written (vparam);
	if accept then
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('vanc-accept');									-- add properties category
	end
	local name_table = mw.text.split(vparam, &quot;%s*,%s*&quot;);						-- names are separated by commas
	local wl_type, label, link;													-- wl_type not used here; just a placeholder
	
	local i = 1;
	
	while name_table[i] do
		if name_table[i]:match ('^%(%(.*[^%)][^%)]$') then						-- first segment of corporate with one or more commas; this segment has the opening doubled parentheses
			local name = name_table[i];
			i = i + 1;															-- bump indexer to next segment
			while name_table[i] do
				name = name .. ', ' .. name_table[i];							-- concatenate with previous segments
				if name_table[i]:match ('^.*%)%)$') then						-- if this table member has the closing doubled parentheses
					break;														-- and done reassembling so
				end
				i = i + 1;														-- bump indexer
			end
			table.insert (output_table, name);									-- and add corporate name to the output table
			table.insert (output_link_table, '');								-- no wikilink
		else
			wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (name_table[i]);		-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]]
			table.insert (output_table, label);									-- add this name
			if 1 == wl_type then
				table.insert (output_link_table, label);						-- simple wikilink [[D]]
			else
				table.insert (output_link_table, link);							-- no wikilink or [[L|D]]; add this link if there is one, else empty string
			end
		end
		i = i + 1;
	end	
	return output_table;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A R S E _ V A U T H O R S _ V E D I T O R S &gt;--------------------------------

This function extracts author / editor names from |vauthors= or |veditors= and finds matching |xxxxor-maskn= and
|xxxxor-linkn= in args.  It then returns a table of assembled names just as extract_names() does.

Author / editor names in |vauthors= or |veditors= must be in Vancouver system style. Corporate or institutional names
may sometimes be required and because such names will often fail the is_good_vanc_name() and other format compliance
tests, are wrapped in doubled parentheses ((corporate name)) to suppress the format tests.

Supports generational suffixes Jr, 2nd, 3rd, 4th–6th.

This function sets the Vancouver error when a required comma is missing and when there is a space between an author's initials.

]]

local function parse_vauthors_veditors (args, vparam, list_name)
	local names = {};															-- table of names assembled from |vauthors=, |author-maskn=, |author-linkn=
	local v_name_table = {};
	local v_link_table = {};													-- when name is wikilinked, targets go in this table
	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. vauthors parameter
	local last, first, link, mask, suffix;
	local corporate = false;

	vparam, etal = name_has_etal (vparam, etal, true);							-- find and remove variations on et al. do not categorize (do it here because et al. might have a period)
	v_name_table = get_v_name_table (vparam, v_name_table, v_link_table);		-- names are separated by commas

	for i, v_name in ipairs(v_name_table) do
		first = '';																-- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor
		local accept_name;
		v_name, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (v_name);			-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;v_name&gt;

		if accept_name then
			last = v_name;
			corporate = true;													-- flag used in list_people()
		elseif string.find(v_name, &quot;%s&quot;) then
			if v_name:find('[;%.]') then										-- look for commonly occurring punctuation characters; 
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.punctuation, i);
			end
			local lastfirst_t = mw.text.split(v_name, &quot;%s+&quot;);
			first = table.remove (lastfirst_t);									-- removes and returns value of last element in table which should be initials or generational suffix

			if not mw.ustring.match (first, '^%u+$') then						-- mw.ustring here so that later we will catch non-Latin characters
				suffix = first;													-- not initials so assume that whatever we got is a generational suffix
				first = table.remove (lastfirst_t);								-- get what should be the initials from the table
			end
			last = table.concat (lastfirst_t, ' ');								-- returns a string that is the concatenation of all other names that are not initials and generational suffix
			if not utilities.is_set (last) then
				first = '';														-- unset
				last = v_name;													-- last empty because something wrong with first
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.name, i);
			end
			if mw.ustring.match (last, '%a+%s+%u+%s+%a+') then
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['missing comma'], i);			-- matches last II last; the case when a comma is missing
			end
			if mw.ustring.match (v_name, ' %u %u$') then						-- this test is in the wrong place TODO: move or replace with a more appropriate test
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i);					-- matches a space between two initials
			end
		else
			last = v_name;														-- last name or single corporate name?  Doesn't support multiword corporate names? do we need this?
		end
		
		if utilities.is_set (first) then
			if not mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^%u?%u$&quot;) then						-- first shall contain one or two upper-case letters, nothing else
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i);					-- too many initials; mixed case initials (which may be ok Romanization); hyphenated initials
			end
			is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, i);							-- check first and last before restoring the suffix which may have a non-Latin digit
			if utilities.is_set (suffix) then
				first = first .. ' ' .. suffix;									-- if there was a suffix concatenate with the initials
				suffix = '';													-- unset so we don't add this suffix to all subsequent names
			end
		else
			if not corporate then
				is_good_vanc_name (last, '', nil, i);
			end
		end

		link = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ) or v_link_table[i];
		mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		names[i] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = corporate};		-- add this assembled name to our names list
	end
	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E L E C T _ A U T H O R _ E D I T O R _ S O U R C E &gt;------------------------

Select one of |authors=, |authorn= / |lastn / firstn=, or |vauthors= as the source of the author name list or
select one of |editorn= / editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= or |veditors= as the source of the editor name list.

Only one of these appropriate three will be used.  The hierarchy is: |authorn= (and aliases) highest and |authors= lowest;
|editorn= (and aliases) highest and |veditors= lowest (support for |editors= withdrawn)

When looking for |authorn= / |editorn= parameters, test |xxxxor1= and |xxxxor2= (and all of their aliases); stops after the second
test which mimicks the test used in extract_names() when looking for a hole in the author name list.  There may be a better
way to do this, I just haven't discovered what that way is.

Emits an error message when more than one xxxxor name source is provided.

In this function, vxxxxors = vauthors or veditors; xxxxors = authors as appropriate.

]]

local function select_author_editor_source (vxxxxors, xxxxors, args, list_name)
	local lastfirst = false;
	if utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- do this twice in case we have a |first1= without a |last1=; this ...
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- ... also catches the case where |first= is used with |vauthors=
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 2 ) or
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 2 ) then
			lastfirst = true;
	end

	if (utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and true == lastfirst) or					-- these are the three error conditions
		(utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) or
		(true == lastfirst and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters',
				utilities.substitute (cfg.special_case_translation.name_list_params,
					('AuthorList' == list_name) and cfg.special_case_translation.author or cfg.special_case_translation.editor));	-- add error message


	end

	if true == lastfirst then return 1 end;										-- return a number indicating which author name source to use
	if utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) then return 2 end;
	if utilities.is_set (xxxxors) then return 3 end;
	return 1;																	-- no authors so return 1; this allows missing author name test to run in case there is a first without last 
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ P A R A M E T E R _ V A L U E &gt;------------------------------

This function is used to validate a parameter's assigned value for those parameters that have only a limited number
of allowable values (yes, y, true, live, dead, etc.).  When the parameter value has not been assigned a value (missing
or empty in the source template) the function returns the value specified by ret_val.  If the parameter value is one
of the list of allowed values returns the translated value; else, emits an error message and returns the value
specified by ret_val.

TODO: explain &lt;invert&gt;

]]

local function is_valid_parameter_value (value, name, possible, ret_val, invert)
	if not utilities.is_set (value) then
		return ret_val;															-- an empty parameter is ok
	end

	if (not invert and utilities.in_array (value, possible)) then				-- normal; &lt;value&gt; is in &lt;possible&gt; table
		return cfg.keywords_xlate[value];										-- return translation of parameter keyword
	elseif invert and not utilities.in_array (value, possible) then				-- invert; &lt;value&gt; is not in &lt;possible&gt; table
		return value;															-- return &lt;value&gt; as it is
	else
		utilities.set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {name, value});			-- not an allowed value so add error message
		return ret_val;
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; T E R M I N A T E _ N A M E _ L I S T &gt;----------------------------------------

This function terminates a name list (author, contributor, editor) with a separator character (sepc) and a space
when the last character is not a sepc character or when the last three characters are not sepc followed by two
closing square brackets (close of a wikilink).  When either of these is true, the name_list is terminated with a
single space character.

]]

local function terminate_name_list (name_list, sepc)
	if (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. '. ') then					-- if already properly terminated
		return name_list;														-- just return the name list
	elseif (string.sub (name_list, -1, -1) == sepc) or (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. ']]') then	-- if last name in list ends with sepc char
		return name_list .. &quot; &quot;;												-- don't add another
	else
		return name_list .. sepc .. ' ';										-- otherwise terminate the name list
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ V O L U M E _ I S S U E &gt;-----------------------------------------

returns the concatenation of the formatted volume and issue (or journal article number) parameters as a single
string; or formatted volume or formatted issue, or an empty string if neither are set.

]]
	
local function format_volume_issue (volume, issue, article, cite_class, origin, sepc, lower)
	if not utilities.is_set (volume) and not utilities.is_set (issue) and not utilities.is_set (article) then
		return '';
	end

	-- same condition as in format_pages_sheets()
	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin);

	local is_numeric_vol = volume and (volume:match ('^[MDCLXVI]+$') or volume:match ('^%d+$'));	-- is only uppercase roman numerals or only digits?
	local is_long_vol = volume and (4 &lt; mw.ustring.len(volume));				-- is |volume= value longer than 4 characters?
	
	if volume and (not is_numeric_vol and is_long_vol) then						-- when not all digits or Roman numerals, is |volume= longer than 4 characters?
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('long-vol');									-- yes, add properties cat
	end

	if is_journal then															-- journal-style formatting
		local vol = '';

		if utilities.is_set (volume) then
			if is_numeric_vol then												-- |volume= value all digits or all uppercase Roman numerals?
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, volume});	-- render in bold face
			elseif is_long_vol then												-- not all digits or Roman numerals; longer than 4 characters?
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-vol'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)});	-- not bold
			else																-- four or fewer characters
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)});	-- bold
			end
		end
		vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (issue) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-issue'], issue) or '')
		vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (article) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-article-num'], article) or '')
		return vol;
	end
	
	if 'podcast' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (issue) then
		return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower);
	end
	
	if 'conference' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (article) then			-- |article-number= supported only in journal and conference cites
		if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (article) then		-- both volume and article number
			return wrap_msg ('vol-art', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), article}, lower);
		elseif utilities.is_set (article) then									-- article number alone; when volume alone, handled below
			return wrap_msg ('art', {sepc, article}, lower);
		end
	end

	-- all other types of citation
	if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (issue) then
		return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), issue}, lower);
	elseif utilities.is_set (volume) then
		return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}, lower);
	else
		return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower);
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ P A G E S _ S H E E T S &gt;-----------------------------------------

adds static text to one of |page(s)= or |sheet(s)= values and returns it with all of the others set to empty strings.
The return order is:
	page, pages, sheet, sheets

Singular has priority over plural when both are provided.

]]

local function format_pages_sheets (page, pages, sheet, sheets, cite_class, origin, sepc, nopp, lower)
	if 'map' == cite_class then													-- only cite map supports sheet(s) as in-source locators
		if utilities.is_set (sheet) then
			if 'journal' == origin then
				return '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheet', sheet, lower), '';
			else
				return '', '', wrap_msg ('sheet', {sepc, sheet}, lower), '';
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (sheets) then
			if 'journal' == origin then
				return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheets', sheets, lower);
			else
				return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('sheets', {sepc, sheets}, lower);
			end
		end
	end

	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin);
	
	if utilities.is_set (page) then
		if is_journal then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], page), '', '', '';
		elseif not nopp then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, page}), '', '', '';
		else
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, page}), '', '', '';
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then
		if is_journal then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], pages), '', '', '';
		elseif tonumber(pages) ~= nil and not nopp then							-- if pages is only digits, assume a single page number
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		elseif not nopp then
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		else
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		end
	end
	
	return '', '', '', '';														-- return empty strings
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N S O U R C E _ L O C _ G E T &gt;----------------------------------------------

returns one of the in-source locators: page, pages, or at. 

If any of these are interwiki links to Wikisource, returns the label portion of the interwiki-link as plain text
for use in COinS.  This COinS thing is done because here we convert an interwiki-link to an external link and
add an icon span around that; get_coins_pages() doesn't know about the span.  TODO: should it?  

TODO: add support for sheet and sheets?; streamline;

TODO: make it so that this function returns only one of the three as the single in-source (the return value assigned
to a new name)?

]]

local function insource_loc_get (page, page_orig, pages, pages_orig, at)
	local ws_url, ws_label, coins_pages, L;										-- for Wikisource interwiki-links; TODO: this corrupts page metadata (span remains in place after cleanup; fix there?)

	if utilities.is_set (page) then
		if utilities.is_set (pages) or utilities.is_set (at) then
			pages = '';															-- unset the others
			at = '';
		end
		extra_text_in_page_check (page, page_orig);								-- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.

		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (page);						-- make ws URL from |page= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			page = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in page');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			page = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, page});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then
		if utilities.is_set (at) then
			at = '';															-- unset
		end
		extra_text_in_page_check (pages, pages_orig);							-- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.

		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (pages);						-- make ws URL from |pages= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			pages = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in pages');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			pages = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, pages});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (at) then
		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (at);							-- make ws URL from |at= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			at = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in at');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			at = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, at});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	end
	
	return page, pages, at, coins_pages;
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ U N I Q U E _ A R C H I V E _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------

add error message when |archive-url= value is same as |url= or chapter-url= (or alias...) value

]]

local function is_unique_archive_url (archive, url, c_url, source, date)
	if utilities.is_set (archive) then
		if archive == url or archive == c_url then
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});	-- add error message
			return '', '';														-- unset |archive-url= and |archive-date= because same as |url= or |chapter-url=
		end
	end

	return archive, date;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; A R C H I V E _ U R L _ C H E C K &gt;--------------------------------------------

Check archive.org URLs to make sure they at least look like they are pointing at valid archives and not to the 
save snapshot URL or to calendar pages.  When the archive URL is 'https://web.archive.org/save/' (or http://...)
archive.org saves a snapshot of the target page in the URL.  That is something that Wikipedia should not allow
unwitting readers to do.

When the archive.org URL does not have a complete timestamp, archive.org chooses a snapshot according to its own
algorithm or provides a calendar 'search' result.  [[WP:ELNO]] discourages links to search results.

This function looks at the value assigned to |archive-url= and returns empty strings for |archive-url= and
|archive-date= and an error message when:
	|archive-url= holds an archive.org save command URL
	|archive-url= is an archive.org URL that does not have a complete timestamp (YYYYMMDDhhmmss 14 digits) in the
		correct place
otherwise returns |archive-url= and |archive-date=

There are two mostly compatible archive.org URLs:
	//web.archive.org/&lt;timestamp&gt;...		-- the old form
	//web.archive.org/web/&lt;timestamp&gt;...	-- the new form

The old form does not support or map to the new form when it contains a display flag.  There are four identified flags
('id_', 'js_', 'cs_', 'im_') but since archive.org ignores others following the same form (two letters and an underscore)
we don't check for these specific flags but we do check the form.

This function supports a preview mode.  When the article is rendered in preview mode, this function may return a modified
archive URL:
	for save command errors, return undated wildcard (/*/)
	for timestamp errors when the timestamp has a wildcard, return the URL unmodified
	for timestamp errors when the timestamp does not have a wildcard, return with timestamp limited to six digits plus wildcard (/yyyymm*/)

A secondary function is to return an archive-url timestamp from those archive urls that have them.  The timestamp
is used by validation.archive_date_check() to see if the value in |archive-date= matches the timestamp in the
archive url.

]=]

local function archive_url_check (url, date)
	local err_msg;																-- start with the error message empty
	local path, timestamp, flag;												-- portions of the archive.org URL
	
	local function is_ts_date_valid (ts, origin_date)							-- local function to validate archive url taimestamp date; time ignored
		local y, m, d = ts:match ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)');					-- split into parts
		if y and validation.is_valid_date (y, m, d) and (tonumber (y) &gt;= 1996) then
			return true, tonumber (y) &gt;= origin_date;							-- &lt;origin_date&gt; is 1996 for archive.org
		end
	end

	if (not url:match('//web%.archive%.org/')) and (not url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/')) then		-- also deprecated liveweb Wayback machine URL
		return url, date;														-- not an archive.org archive, return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end

	if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/save/') then								-- if a save command URL, we don't want to allow saving of the target page 
		err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.save;
		url = url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org)/save/', '%1/*/', 1);				-- for preview mode: modify ArchiveURL
	elseif url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/') then
		err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.liveweb;
	else
		path, timestamp, flag = url:match('//web%.archive%.org/([^%d]*)(%d+)([^/]*)/');	-- split out some of the URL parts for evaluation
		if not path then														-- malformed in some way; pattern did not match
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
		elseif 14 ~= timestamp:len() then										-- path and flag optional, must have 14-digit timestamp here
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
			if '*' ~= flag then
				local replacement = timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d%d%d') or timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d');	-- get the first 6 (YYYYMM) or first 4 digits (YYYY)
				if replacement then												-- nil if there aren't at least 4 digits (year)
					replacement = replacement .. string.rep ('0', 14 - replacement:len());	-- year or yearmo (4 or 6 digits) zero-fill to make 14-digit timestamp
					url=url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org/[^%d]*)%d[^/]*', '%1' .. replacement .. '*', 1)	-- for preview, modify ts to 14 digits plus splat for calendar display
				end
			end
		elseif not is_ts_date_valid (timestamp, 1996) then						-- is ymd portion of timestamp a valid date?
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
			timestamp = nil;													-- unset because invalid
		elseif utilities.is_set (path) and 'web/' ~= path then					-- older archive URLs do not have the extra 'web/' path element
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.path;
		elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not utilities.is_set (path) then		-- flag not allowed with the old form URL (without the 'web/' path element)
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag;
		elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not flag:match ('%a%a_') then		-- flag if present must be two alpha characters and underscore (requires 'web/' path element)
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag;
		else
			return url, date, timestamp;										-- return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url=
		end
	end
																				-- if here, something not right so
	utilities.set_message ('err_archive_url', {err_msg});						-- add error message and

	if is_preview_mode then
		return url, date, timestamp;											-- preview mode so return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url=
	else
		return '', '';															-- return empty strings for ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P L A C E _ C H E C K &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

check |place=, |publication-place=, |location= to see if these params include digits.  This function added because
many editors misuse location to specify the in-source location (|page(s)= and |at= are supposed to do that)

returns the original parameter value without modification; added maint cat when parameter value contains digits

]]

local function place_check (param_val)
	if not utilities.is_set (param_val) then									-- parameter empty or omitted
		return param_val;														-- return that empty state
	end
	
	if mw.ustring.find (param_val, '%d') then									-- not empty, are there digits in the parameter value
		utilities.set_message ('maint_location');								-- yep, add maint cat
	end
	
	return param_val;															-- and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ A R C H I V E D _ C O P Y &gt;----------------------------------------------

compares |title= to 'Archived copy' (placeholder added by bots that can't find proper title); if matches, return true; nil else

]]

local function is_archived_copy (title)
	title = mw.ustring.lower(title);											-- switch title to lower case
	if title:find (cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy.en) then			-- if title is 'Archived copy'
		return true;
	elseif cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local'] then
		if mw.ustring.find (title, cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local']) then	-- mw.ustring() because might not be Latin script
			return true;
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S _ S E L E C T &gt;--------------------------------------

for any of the |display-authors=, |display-editors=, etc parameters, select either the local or global setting.
When both are present, look at &lt;local_display_names&gt; value.  When the value is some sort of 'et al.'string,
special handling is required.

When {{cs1 config}} has |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= AND this template has |display-&lt;namelist&gt;=etal AND:
	the number of names specified by &lt;number_of_names&gt; is:
		greater than the number specified in the global |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameter (&lt;global_display_names&gt;)
			use global |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameter value
			set overridden maint category
		less than or equal to the number specified in the global |display-&lt;namelist&gt;=  parameter
			use local |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameter value

The purpose of this function is to prevent categorizing a template that has fewer names than the global setting
to keep the etal annotation specified by &lt;local_display_names&gt;.

]]

local function display_names_select (global_display_names, local_display_names, param_name, number_of_names)
	if global_display_names and utilities.is_set (local_display_names) then		-- when both
		if 'etal' == local_display_names:lower():gsub(&quot;[ '%.]&quot;, '') then		-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings
			number_of_names = tonumber (number_of_names);						-- convert these to numbers for comparison
			local global_display_names_num = tonumber (global_display_names);	-- &lt;global_display_names&gt; not set when parameter value is not digits

			if number_of_names &gt; global_display_names_num then					-- template has more names than global config allows to be displayed?
				utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');				-- set a maint message because global is overriding local |display-&lt;namelist&gt;=etal
				return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';						-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names())
			else
				return local_display_names, param_name;							-- return local because fewer names so let &lt;local_display_names&gt; control
			end
		end
																				-- here when &lt;global_display_names&gt; and &lt;local_display_names&gt; both numbers; &lt;global_display_names&gt; controls
		utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');						-- set a maint message
		return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';								-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names())
	end
																				-- here when only one of &lt;global_display_names&gt; or &lt;local_display_names&gt; set
	if global_display_names then
		return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';								-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names())
	else
		return local_display_names, param_name;									-- return local
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M O D E _ S E T &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

fetch global mode setting from {{cs1 config}} (if present) or from |mode= (if present); global setting overrides
local |mode= parameter value.  When both are present, emit maintenance message

]]

local function mode_set (Mode, Mode_origin)
	local mode;
	if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] then										-- global setting in {{cs1 config}}; nil when empty or assigned value invalid
		mode = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'], 'cs1 config: mode', cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], '');	-- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax
	else
		mode = is_valid_parameter_value (Mode, Mode_origin, cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], '');
	end

	if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] and utilities.is_set (Mode) then			-- when template has |mode=&lt;something&gt; which global setting has overridden
		utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');						-- set a maint message
	end
	return mode;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; Q U O T E _ M A K E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

create quotation from |quote=, |trans-quote=, and/or script-quote= with or without |quote-page= or |quote-pages=

when any of those three quote parameters are set, this function unsets &lt;PostScript&gt;.  When none of those parameters
are set, |quote-page= and |quote-pages= are unset to nil so that they are not included in the template's metadata

]]

local function quote_make (quote, trans_quote, script_quote, quote_page, quote_pages, nopp, sepc, postscript)
	if utilities.is_set (quote) or utilities.is_set (trans_quote) or utilities.is_set (script_quote) then

		if utilities.is_set (quote) then
			if quote:sub(1, 1) == '&quot;' and quote:sub(-1, -1) == '&quot;' then			-- if first and last characters of quote are quote marks
				quote = quote:sub(2, -2);										-- strip them off
			end
		end
		
		quote = kern_quotes (quote);											-- kern if needed
		quote = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-text', quote );					-- wrap in &lt;q&gt;...&lt;/q&gt; tags
	
		if utilities.is_set (script_quote) then
			quote = script_concatenate (quote, script_quote, 'script-quote');	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after quote is wrapped
		end

		if utilities.is_set (trans_quote) then
			if trans_quote:sub(1, 1) == '&quot;' and trans_quote:sub(-1, -1) == '&quot;' then -- if first and last characters of |trans-quote are quote marks
				trans_quote = trans_quote:sub(2, -2); -- strip them off
			end
			quote = quote .. &quot; &quot; .. utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_quote );
		end

		if utilities.is_set (quote_page) or utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then	-- add page prefix
			local quote_prefix = '';
			if utilities.is_set (quote_page) then
				extra_text_in_page_check (quote_page, 'quote-page');			-- add to maint cat if |quote-page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.
				if not nopp then
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, quote_page});
				else
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, quote_page});
				end
			elseif utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then
				extra_text_in_page_check (quote_pages, 'quote-pages');			-- add to maint cat if |quote-pages= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.
				if tonumber(quote_pages) ~= nil and not nopp then				-- if only digits, assume single page
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, quote_pages});
				elseif not nopp then
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, quote_pages});
				else
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, quote_pages});
				end
			end
                        
			quote = quote_prefix .. &quot;: &quot; .. quote;
		else
			quote = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. quote;
		end

		postscript = &quot;&quot;;														-- cs1|2 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set
	
	elseif utilities.is_set (quote_page) or utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then
		quote_page = nil;														-- unset; these require |quote=; TODO: error message?
		quote_pages = nil;
	end

	return quote, quote_page, quote_pages, postscript;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ P U B L I S H E R _ N A M E &gt;--------------------------------------

look for variations of '&lt;text&gt;: &lt;text&gt;' that might be '&lt;location&gt;: &lt;publisher&gt;' in |publisher= parameter value.
when found, emit a maintenance message; return nil else

&lt;publisher&gt; is the value assigned to |publisher= or |institution=

]]

local function check_publisher_name (publisher)
	local patterns_t = {
		'^[%w%s]+%s*:%s*[%w%s]+$',												-- plain text &lt;location&gt;: &lt;publisher&gt;
		'^%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+%s*:%s*[%w%s]+$',										-- partially wikilinked [[&lt;location&gt;]]: &lt;publisher&gt;
		'^[%w%s]+%s*:%s*%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+$',										-- partially wikilinked &lt;location&gt;: [[&lt;publisher&gt;]]
		'^%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+%s*:%s*%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+$',								-- wikilinked [[&lt;location&gt;]]: [[&lt;publisher&gt;]]
		}
	
	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns_t) do									-- spin through the patterns_t sequence
		if mw.ustring.match (publisher, pattern) then							-- does this pattern match?
			utilities.set_message ('maint_publisher_location');					-- set a maint message
			return;																-- and done
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ P A G E _ A R T _ N U M &gt;------------------------------------------------

compare the trailing (rightmost) characters of the |doi= value against the whole value assigned to |page(s)=.

return boolean true when:
	|page(s)= has exactly 8 digits and a dot between the fourth and fifth digits matches the trailing 9 characters
		of the |doi= value: |page=12345678 → |page=1234.5678 matches |doi=10.xxxx/yyyy1234.5678
	|page(s)= is 5 or more characters and matches |doi= values's trailing characters
	|page(s)= begins with a lowercase 'e' and |page(s)= without the 'e' matches |doi= values's trailing
		characters: |page=e12345 → |page=12345 matches |doi=10.xxxx/yyyy12345
	|page(s)= begins with a uppercase 'CD' followed by (typically) six digits matches |doi= values that ends with
		'CDxxxxxx.pubx' (where 'x' is any single digit)

return nil when |page(s)= values:
	are ranges separated by underscore, hyphen, emdash, endash, figure dash, or minus character
	are comma- or semicolon-separated lists of pages
	have external urls (has text 'http')
	are digit-only values less than 10000
	do not match |doi= values's trailing characters

]]

local function is_page_art_num (page, doi)
	if not (utilities.is_set (page) and utilities.is_set (doi)) then			-- both required
		return;																	-- abandon; nothing to do
	end

	if page:match ('[,;_−–—‒%-]') then											-- when |page(s)= might be a page range or a separated list of pages
		return;																	-- abandon
	end

	page = page:lower();														-- because doi names are case insensitive
	doi = doi:lower();															-- force these to lowercase for testing
	
	if page:match ('http') then													-- when |page(s)= appears to hold a url
		return;																	-- abandon
	end

	if tonumber (page) then														-- is |page(s)= digits only
		if 10000 &gt; tonumber (page) then											-- when |page(s)= less than 10000
			return;																-- abandon
		end
	
		if doi:match (page .. '$') then											-- digits only page number match the last digits in |doi=?
			return true;
		end

		if 8 == page:len() then													-- special case when |page(s)= is exactly 8 digits
			local dot_page = page:gsub ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d%d%d)', '%1.%2');		-- make a |page=xxxx.yyyy version commonly used in |doi=
			if doi:match (dot_page .. '$') then									-- 8-digit dotted page number match the last characters in |doi=?
				return true;
			end
		end
	
	else																		-- here when |page(s)= is alpha-numeric
		if 4 &lt; page:len() then													-- when |page(s)= is five or more characters
			if doi:match (page .. '$') then										-- alpha-numeric page match the last characters in |doi=?
				return true;
			end
			
			local epage = page:match ('^e([%w]+)$');							-- if first character of |page= is 'e', remove it
			if epage and doi:match (epage .. '$') then							-- page number match the last characters in |doi=?
				return true;
			end
	
			local cdpage = page:match ('^cd%d+$');								-- if first characters of |page= are 'CD' and last characters are digits (typically 6 digits)
			if cdpage and doi:match (cdpage .. '%.pub%d$') then					-- page number matches doi 'CDxxxxxx.pubx' where 'x' is a digit
				return true;
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N 0 &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting.

]]

local function citation0( config, args )
	--[[ 
	Load Input Parameters
	The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable.
	]]
	local A = argument_wrapper ( args );

	-- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates
	-- define different field names for the same underlying things.	

	local author_etal;
	local a	= {};																-- authors list from |lastn= / |firstn= pairs or |vauthors=
	local Authors;
	local NameListStyle;
		if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] then						-- global setting in {{cs1 config}} overrides local |name-list-style= parameter value; nil when empty or assigned value invalid
			NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'], 'cs1 config: name-list-style', cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], '');	-- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax
		else
			NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NameListStyle'], A:ORIGIN('NameListStyle'), cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], '');
		end

		if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] and utilities.is_set (A['NameListStyle']) then	-- when template has |name-list-style=&lt;something&gt; which global setting has overridden
			utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');					-- set a maint message
		end

	local Collaboration = A['Collaboration'];

	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Vauthors'], A['Authors'], args, 'AuthorList');
		if 1 == selected then
			a, author_etal = extract_names (args, 'AuthorList');				-- fetch author list from |authorn= / |lastn= / |firstn=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
		elseif 2 == selected then
			NameListStyle = 'vanc';												-- override whatever |name-list-style= might be
			a, author_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, A['Vauthors'], 'AuthorList');	-- fetch author list from |vauthors=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
		elseif 3 == selected then
			Authors = A['Authors'];												-- use content of |people= or |credits=; |authors= is deprecated; TODO: constrain |people= and |credits= to cite av media, episode, serial?
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then
			author_etal = true;													-- so that |display-authors=etal not required
		end
	end

	local editor_etal;
	local e	= {};																-- editors list from |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= pairs or |veditors=

	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Veditors'], nil, args, 'EditorList');	-- support for |editors= withdrawn
		if 1 == selected then
			e, editor_etal = extract_names (args, 'EditorList');				-- fetch editor list from |editorn= / |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
		elseif 2 == selected then
			NameListStyle = 'vanc';												-- override whatever |name-list-style= might be
			e, editor_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.veditors, 'EditorList');	-- fetch editor list from |veditors=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
		end
	end
							
	local Chapter = A['Chapter'];												-- done here so that we have access to |contribution= from |chapter= and |script-chapter= aliases
	local Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter');
	local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter'];
	local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter');

	local Contribution;															-- because contribution is required for contributor(s)
	if 'contribution' == Chapter_origin then									-- is there a |contribution= parameter?
		Contribution = Chapter;													-- get the name of the contribution
	elseif 'script-contribution' == ScriptChapter_origin then					-- no, so is there a |script-contribution= parameter?
		Contribution = ScriptChapter;											-- get the name of the contribution
	end
	local c = {};																-- contributors list from |contributor-lastn= / contributor-firstn= pairs
	
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;book&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and not utilities.is_set (A['Periodical']) then	-- |contributor= and |contribution= only supported in book cites
		c = extract_names (args, 'ContributorList');							-- fetch contributor list from |contributorn= / |contributor-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=
		
		if 0 &lt; #c then
			if not utilities.is_set (Contribution) then							-- |contributor= requires |contribution=
				utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'contribution');	-- add missing contribution error message
				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later
			end
			if 0 == #a then														-- |contributor= requires |author=
				utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'author');	-- add missing author error message
				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later
			end
		end
	else																		-- if not a book cite
		if utilities.select_one (args, cfg.aliases['ContributorList-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', 1 ) then	-- are there contributor name list parameters?
			utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_ignored');					-- add contributor ignored error message
		end
		Contribution = nil;														-- unset
	end

	local Title = A['Title'];
	local TitleLink = A['TitleLink'];

	local auto_select = '';														-- default is auto
	local accept_link;
	TitleLink, accept_link = utilities.has_accept_as_written (TitleLink, true);	-- test for accept-this-as-written markup
	if (not accept_link) and utilities.in_array (TitleLink, {'none', 'pmc', 'doi'}) then -- check for special keywords
		auto_select = TitleLink;												-- remember selection for later
		TitleLink = '';															-- treat as if |title-link= would have been empty
	end

	TitleLink = link_title_ok (TitleLink, A:ORIGIN ('TitleLink'), Title, 'title');	-- check for wiki-markup in |title-link= or wiki-markup in |title= when |title-link= is set

	local Section = '';															-- {{cite map}} only; preset to empty string for concatenation if not used
	if 'map' == config.CitationClass and 'section' == Chapter_origin then
		Section = A['Chapter'];													-- get |section= from |chapter= alias list; |chapter= and the other aliases not supported in {{cite map}}
		Chapter = '';															-- unset for now; will be reset later from |map= if present
	end

	local Periodical = A['Periodical'];
	local Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('Periodical');
	local ScriptPeriodical = A['ScriptPeriodical'];
	local ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptPeriodical');
	local TransPeriodical =  A['TransPeriodical'];
	local TransPeriodical_origin =  A:ORIGIN ('TransPeriodical');
	
	if (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical))) then
		local param;
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then									-- get a parameter name from one of these periodical related meta-parameters
			Periodical = '';													-- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters 
			param = Periodical_origin											-- get parameter name for error messaging
		elseif utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical) then
			TransPeriodical = '';												-- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters 
			param = TransPeriodical_origin;										-- get parameter name for error messaging
		elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then
			ScriptPeriodical = '';												-- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters 
			param = ScriptPeriodical_origin;									-- get parameter name for error messaging
		end

		if utilities.is_set (param) then										-- if we found one
			utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {param});			-- emit an error message
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
		local i;
		Periodical, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical);			-- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated 
		if i then																-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message
			utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {Periodical_origin});
		end
	end

	if 'mailinglist' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for {{cite mailing list}}
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (A ['MailingList']) then	-- both set emit an error TODO: make a function for this and similar?
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Periodical_origin) .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'mailinglist')});
		end

		Periodical = A ['MailingList'];											-- error or no, set Periodical to |mailinglist= value because this template is {{cite mailing list}}
		Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('MailingList');
	end

	-- web and news not tested for now because of 
	-- Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Is_there_a_semi-automated_tool_that_could_fix_these_annoying_&quot;Cite_Web&quot;_errors?
	if not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) then	-- 'periodical' templates require periodical parameter
	--	local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine', ['news'] = 'newspaper', ['web'] = 'website'};	-- for error message
		local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine'};			-- for error message
		if p[config.CitationClass]  then
			utilities.set_message ('err_missing_periodical', {config.CitationClass, p[config.CitationClass]});
		end
	end
	
	local Volume;
	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
			if not utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_no_volume_t) then	-- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used
				Volume = A['Volume'];											-- but does for all other 'periodicals'
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then
			if 'script-website' ~= ScriptPeriodical_origin then					-- {{citation}} does not render volume for |script-website=
				Volume = A['Volume'];											-- but does for all other 'periodicals'
			end
		else
			Volume = A['Volume'];												-- and does for non-'periodical' cites
		end
	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_volume) then	-- render |volume= for cs1 according to the configuration settings
		Volume = A['Volume'];
	end	
	extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Volume, A:ORIGIN ('Volume'), 'v');

	local Issue;
	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_issue_t) then	-- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used
			Issue =  A['Issue'];
		end
	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_issue) then	-- conference &amp; map books do not support issue; {{citation}} listed here because included in settings table
		if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'conference', 'map', 'citation'}) and not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical))) then
			Issue =  A['Issue'];
		end
	end
	
	local ArticleNumber;

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'conference'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then
		ArticleNumber = A['ArticleNumber'];
	end

	extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Issue, A:ORIGIN ('Issue'), 'i');
	Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (Issue);

	local Page;
	local Pages;
	local At;
	local QuotePage;
	local QuotePages;
	if not utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_not_using_page) then		-- TODO: rewrite to emit ignored parameter error message?
		Page = A['Page'];
		Pages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Pages']);	
		At = A['At'];
		QuotePage = A['QuotePage'];
		QuotePages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['QuotePages']);
	end

	local NoPP = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoPP'], A:ORIGIN('NoPP'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil);

	local Mode = mode_set (A['Mode'], A:ORIGIN('Mode'));

	-- separator character and postscript
	local sepc, PostScript = set_style (Mode:lower(), A['PostScript'], config.CitationClass);
	local Quote;
	Quote, QuotePage, QuotePages, PostScript = quote_make (A['Quote'], A['TransQuote'], A['ScriptQuote'], QuotePage, QuotePages, NoPP, sepc, PostScript);

	local Edition = A['Edition'];
	local PublicationPlace = place_check (A['PublicationPlace'], A:ORIGIN('PublicationPlace'));
	local Place = place_check (A['Place'], A:ORIGIN('Place'));
	
	local PublisherName = A['PublisherName'];
	local PublisherName_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublisherName');
	if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then
		local i;
		PublisherName, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (PublisherName);	-- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated; publisher is never italicized
		if i and (0 &lt; i) then													-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message
			utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {PublisherName_origin});
		end
	end
	
	if ('document' == config.CitationClass) and not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_missing_publisher', {config.CitationClass, 'publisher'});
	end

	local Newsgroup = A['Newsgroup'];											-- TODO: strip apostrophe markup?
	local Newsgroup_origin = A:ORIGIN('Newsgroup');	

	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then	-- general use parameter |publisher= not allowed in cite newsgroup
			utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {PublisherName_origin});
		end

		PublisherName = nil;													-- ensure that this parameter is unset for the time being; will be used again after COinS
	end

	if 'book' == config.CitationClass or 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then
		local accept;
		PublisherName, accept = utilities.has_accept_as_written (PublisherName);	-- check for and remove accept-as-written markup from |publisher= wrapped
		if not accept then														-- when no accept-as-written markup
			check_publisher_name (PublisherName);								-- emit maint message when |publisher= might be prefixed with publisher's location
		end
	end

	local URL = A['URL'];														-- TODO: better way to do this for URL, ChapterURL, and MapURL?
	local UrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('UrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	
	if not utilities.is_set (URL) and utilities.is_set (UrlAccess) then
		UrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', 'url');
	end
	
	local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL'];
	local ChapterUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['ChapterUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (ChapterUrlAccess) then
		ChapterUrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'):gsub ('%-access', '')});
	end

	local MapUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['MapUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('MapUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	if not utilities.is_set (A['MapURL']) and utilities.is_set (MapUrlAccess) then
		MapUrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {'map-url'});
	end

	local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();								-- also used for COinS and for language
	local no_tracking_cats = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoTracking'], A:ORIGIN('NoTracking'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil);

	-- check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories
	if not utilities.is_set (no_tracking_cats) then								-- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page
		if cfg.uncategorized_namespaces[this_page.namespace] then				-- is this page's namespace id one of the uncategorized namespace ids?
			no_tracking_cats = &quot;true&quot;;											-- set no_tracking_cats
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (cfg.uncategorized_subpages) do						-- cycle through page name patterns
			if this_page.text:match (v) then									-- test page name against each pattern
				no_tracking_cats = &quot;true&quot;;										-- set no_tracking_cats
				break;															-- bail out if one is found
			end
		end
	end
																				-- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. (also sheet and sheets while we're at it)
	utilities.select_one (args, {'page', 'p', 'pp', 'pages', 'at', 'sheet', 'sheets'}, 'err_redundant_parameters');	-- this is a dummy call simply to get the error message and category

	local coins_pages;
	
	Page, Pages, At, coins_pages = insource_loc_get (Page, A:ORIGIN('Page'), Pages, A:ORIGIN('Pages'), At);

	if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then	-- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('location-test');								-- add property cat to evaluate how often PublicationPlace and Place are used together
		if PublicationPlace == Place then
			Place = '';															-- unset; don't need both if they are the same
		end
	elseif not utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then	-- when only |place= (|location=) is set ...
		PublicationPlace = Place;												-- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place
	end

	if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; end							-- don't need both if they are the same

	local URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('URL');											-- get name of parameter that holds URL
	local ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL');							-- get name of parameter that holds ChapterURL
--	local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter'];
--	local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter');
	local Format = A['Format'];
	local ChapterFormat = A['ChapterFormat'];
	local TransChapter = A['TransChapter'];
	local TransChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter');
	local TransTitle = A['TransTitle'];
	local ScriptTitle = A['ScriptTitle'];
	
	--[[
	Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia:
	When the citation has these parameters:
		|encyclopedia= and |title= then map |title= to |article= and |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering
		|encyclopedia= and |article= then map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering

		|trans-title= maps to |trans-chapter= when |title= is re-mapped
		|url= maps to |chapter-url= when |title= is remapped
	
	All other combinations of |encyclopedia=, |title=, and |article= are not modified
	
	]]

	local Encyclopedia = A['Encyclopedia'];										-- used as a flag by this module and by ~/COinS
	local ScriptEncyclopedia = A['ScriptEncyclopedia'];
	local TransEncyclopedia = A['TransEncyclopedia'];

	if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then	-- emit error message when Encyclopedia set but template is other than {{cite encyclopedia}} or {{citation}}
		if 'encyclopaedia' ~= config.CitationClass and 'citation' ~= config.CitationClass then
			if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then
				utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia')});
			else
				utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia')});
			end
			Encyclopedia = nil;													-- unset these because not supported by this template
			ScriptEncyclopedia = nil;
			TransEncyclopedia = nil;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (TransEncyclopedia) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'encyclopedia'});
	end

	if ('encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then	-- when both parameters set emit an error message; {{citation}} only; Periodical not allowed in {{cite encyclopedia}}
			utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {Periodical_origin});
		end

		if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then
			Periodical = Encyclopedia;											-- error or no, set Periodical to Encyclopedia for rendering; {{citation}} could (not legitimately) have both; use Encyclopedia
			Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia');
			ScriptPeriodical = ScriptEncyclopedia;
			ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia');

			if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then
				if not utilities.is_set (Chapter) then
					Chapter = Title;											-- |encyclopedia= and |title= are set so map |title= params to |article= params for rendering
					ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
					ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle')
					TransChapter = TransTitle;
					ChapterURL = URL;
					ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
					ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
					ChapterFormat = Format;

					if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (TitleLink) then
						Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Chapter);
					end
					Title = Periodical;											-- now map |encyclopedia= params to |title= params for rendering
					ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or '';
					TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or '';
					Periodical = '';											-- redundant so unset
					ScriptPeriodical = '';
					URL = '';
					Format = '';
					TitleLink = '';
				end
			elseif utilities.is_set (Chapter) or utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then	-- |title= not set
				Title = Periodical;												-- |encyclopedia= set and |article= set so map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering
				ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or '';
				TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or '';
				Periodical = '';												-- redundant so unset
				ScriptPeriodical = '';
			end
		end
	end

	-- special case for cite techreport.
	local ID = A['ID'];
	if (config.CitationClass == &quot;techreport&quot;) then								-- special case for cite techreport
		if utilities.is_set (A['Number']) then									-- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations alias to 'issue'
			if not utilities.is_set (ID) then									-- can we use ID for the &quot;number&quot;?
				ID = A['Number'];												-- yes, use it
			else																-- ID has a value so emit error message
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'id') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'number')});
			end
		end	
	end

	-- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data.
	local ChapterLink -- = A['ChapterLink'];									-- deprecated as a parameter but still used internally by cite episode
	local Conference = A['Conference'];
	local BookTitle = A['BookTitle'];
	local TransTitle_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransTitle');
	if 'conference' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (BookTitle) then
			Chapter = Title;
			Chapter_origin = 'title';
	--		ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- |chapter-link= is deprecated
			ChapterURL = URL;
			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
			ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
			URL_origin = '';
			ChapterFormat = Format;
			TransChapter = TransTitle;
			TransChapter_origin = TransTitle_origin;
			Title = BookTitle;
			Format = '';
	--		TitleLink = '';
			TransTitle = '';
			URL = '';
		end
	elseif 'speech' ~= config.CitationClass then
		Conference = '';														-- not cite conference or cite speech so make sure this is empty string
	end
	
	local cs2_lower = function (text)											-- if mode is cs2, use lower case
		if (sepc ~= '.') then
			return text:lower();
		end
		
		return text;
	end
	local use_lowercase = ( sepc == ',' );										-- controls capitalization of certain static text
	
	-- cite map oddities
	local Cartography = &quot;&quot;;
	local Scale = &quot;&quot;;
	local Sheet = A['Sheet'] or '';
	local Sheets = A['Sheets'] or '';
	if config.CitationClass == &quot;map&quot; then
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then										--TODO: make a function for this and similar?
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'map') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Chapter_origin)});	-- add error message
		end
		Chapter = A['Map'];
		Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('Map');										-- for now, ignore linter warning
		ChapterURL = A['MapURL'];
		ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('MapURL');
		TransChapter = A['TransMap'];
		ScriptChapter = A['ScriptMap']
		ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptMap')

		ChapterUrlAccess = MapUrlAccess;
		ChapterFormat = A['MapFormat'];

		Cartography = A['Cartography'];
		if utilities.is_set ( Cartography ) then
			Cartography = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase);
		end		
		Scale = A['Scale'];
		if utilities.is_set ( Scale ) then
			Scale = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Scale;
		end
	end

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite episode}} and {{cite serial}}, before generation of COinS data.
	local Series = A['Series'];
	if 'episode' == config.CitationClass or 'serial' == config.CitationClass then
		local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink'];

		SeriesLink = link_title_ok (SeriesLink, A:ORIGIN ('SeriesLink'), Series, 'series');	-- check for wiki-markup in |series-link= or wiki-markup in |series= when |series-link= is set

		local Network = A['Network'];
		local Station = A['Station'];
		local s, n = {}, {};
																				-- do common parameters first
		if utilities.is_set (Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end
		if utilities.is_set (Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end
		ID = table.concat(n, sepc .. ' ');
		
		if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- handle the oddities that are strictly {{cite episode}}
			local Season = A['Season'];
			local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber'];

			if utilities.is_set (Season) and utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then	-- these are mutually exclusive so if both are set TODO: make a function for this and similar?
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'season') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'seriesno')});		-- add error message
				SeriesNumber = '';												-- unset; prefer |season= over |seriesno=
			end
																				-- assemble a table of parts concatenated later into Series
			if utilities.is_set (Season) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('season', Season, use_lowercase)); end
			if utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('seriesnum', SeriesNumber, use_lowercase)); end
			if utilities.is_set (Issue) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('episode', Issue, use_lowercase)); end
			Issue = '';															-- unset because this is not a unique parameter
	
			Chapter = Title;													-- promote title parameters to chapter
			ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
			ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle');
			ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- alias |episode-link=
			TransChapter = TransTitle;
			ChapterURL = URL;
			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
			ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
			ChapterFormat = Format;

			Title = Series;														-- promote series to title
			TitleLink = SeriesLink;
			Series = table.concat(s, sepc .. ' ');								-- this is concatenation of season, seriesno, episode number

			if utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then	-- link but not URL
				Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Chapter);
			elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then	-- if both are set, URL links episode;
				Series = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Series);
			end
			URL = '';															-- unset
			TransTitle = '';
			ScriptTitle = '';
			Format = '';
			
		else																	-- now oddities that are cite serial
			Issue = '';															-- unset because this parameter no longer supported by the citation/core version of cite serial
			Chapter = A['Episode'];												-- TODO: make |episode= available to cite episode someday?
			if utilities.is_set (Series) and utilities.is_set (SeriesLink) then
				Series = utilities.make_wikilink (SeriesLink, Series);
			end
			Series = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Series);				-- series is italicized
		end	
	end
	-- end of {{cite episode}} stuff

	-- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values
	local TitleType = A['TitleType'];
	local Degree = A['Degree'];
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'AV-media-notes', 'document', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'podcast', 'pressrelease', 'report', 'speech', 'techreport', 'thesis'}) then
		TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType);
		if utilities.is_set (Degree) and &quot;Thesis&quot; == TitleType then				-- special case for cite thesis
			TitleType = Degree .. ' ' .. cfg.title_types ['thesis']:lower();
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (TitleType) then										-- if type parameter is specified
		TitleType = utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['type'], TitleType);	-- display it in parentheses
	-- TODO: Hack on TitleType to fix bunched parentheses problem
	end

	-- legacy: promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set.
	local Date = A['Date'];
 	local Date_origin;															-- to hold the name of parameter promoted to Date; required for date error messaging
	local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate'];
	local Year = A['Year'];

	if utilities.is_set (Year) then
		validation.year_check (Year);											-- returns nothing; emits maint message when |year= doesn't hold a 'year' value
	end
		
	if not utilities.is_set (Date) then
		Date = Year;															-- promote Year to Date
		Year = nil;																-- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF
		if not utilities.is_set (Date) and utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then	-- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set
			Date = PublicationDate;												-- promote PublicationDate to Date
			PublicationDate = '';												-- unset, no longer needed
			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublicationDate');							-- save the name of the promoted parameter
		else
			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Year');										-- save the name of the promoted parameter
		end
	else
		Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Date');											-- not a promotion; name required for error messaging
	end

	if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ''; end					-- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation

	--[[
	Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where
	we get the date used in the metadata.
	
	Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation
	]]

	local DF = is_valid_parameter_value (A['DF'], A:ORIGIN('DF'), cfg.keywords_lists['df'], '');
	if not utilities.is_set (DF) then
		DF = cfg.global_df;														-- local |df= if present overrides global df set by {{use xxx date}} template
	end

	local ArchiveURL;
	local ArchiveDate;
	local ArchiveFormat = A['ArchiveFormat'];
	local archive_url_timestamp;												-- timestamp from wayback machine url
	
	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp = archive_url_check (A['ArchiveURL'], A['ArchiveDate'])
	ArchiveFormat = style_format (ArchiveFormat, ArchiveURL, 'archive-format', 'archive-url');
	
	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate = is_unique_archive_url (ArchiveURL, URL, ChapterURL, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), ArchiveDate);		-- add error message when URL or ChapterURL == ArchiveURL

	local AccessDate = A['AccessDate'];
	local COinS_date = {};														-- holds date info extracted from |date= for the COinS metadata by Module:Date verification
	local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken'];
	local Embargo = A['Embargo'];
	local anchor_year;															-- used in the CITEREF identifier
	do	-- create defined block to contain local variables date_parameters_list, mismatch
		local date_parameters_list = {											-- AirDate has been promoted to Date so not necessary to check it
			['access-date'] = {val = AccessDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('AccessDate')},
			['archive-date'] = {val = ArchiveDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('ArchiveDate')},
			['date'] = {val = Date, name = Date_origin},
			['doi-broken-date'] = {val = DoiBroken, name = A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')},
			['pmc-embargo-date'] = {val = Embargo, name = A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')},
			['publication-date'] = {val = PublicationDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('PublicationDate')},
			['year'] = {val = Year, name = A:ORIGIN ('Year')},
			};

		local error_list = {};
		anchor_year, Embargo = validation.dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date, error_list);

		if utilities.is_set (Year) and utilities.is_set (Date) then				-- both |date= and |year= not normally needed; 
			validation.year_date_check (Year, A:ORIGIN ('Year'), Date, A:ORIGIN ('Date'), error_list);
		end

		if 0 == #error_list then												-- error free dates only; 0 when error_list is empty
			local modified = false;												-- flag
			
			if utilities.is_set (DF) then										-- if we need to reformat dates
				modified = validation.reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, DF);	-- reformat to DF format, use long month names if appropriate
			end

			if true == validation.date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) then	-- convert hyphens to dashes where appropriate
				modified = true;
				utilities.set_message ('maint_date_format');					-- hyphens were converted so add maint category
			end
			
	-- for those wikis that can and want to have English date names translated to the local language; not supported at en.wiki
			if cfg.date_name_auto_xlate_enable and validation.date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, cfg.date_digit_auto_xlate_enable ) then
				utilities.set_message ('maint_date_auto_xlated');				-- add maint cat
				modified = true;
			end

			if modified then													-- if the date_parameters_list values were modified
				AccessDate = date_parameters_list['access-date'].val;			-- overwrite date holding parameters with modified values
				ArchiveDate = date_parameters_list['archive-date'].val;
				Date = date_parameters_list['date'].val;
				DoiBroken = date_parameters_list['doi-broken-date'].val;
				PublicationDate = date_parameters_list['publication-date'].val;
			end

			if archive_url_timestamp and utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
				validation.archive_date_check (ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp, DF);	-- does YYYYMMDD in archive_url_timestamp match date in ArchiveDate
			end
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_date', {utilities.make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)});	-- add this error message
		end
	end	-- end of do

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) or	-- {{cite book}}, {{cite encyclopedia}}; TODO: {{cite conference}} and others?
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or			-- {{citation}} as an encylopedia citation
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then		-- {{citation}} as a book citation
			if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then
				if not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
					local date = COinS_date.rftdate and tonumber (COinS_date.rftdate:match ('%d%d%d%d'));	-- get year portion of COinS date (because in Arabic numerals); convert string to number
					if date and (1850 &lt;= date) then								-- location has no publisher; if date is 1850 or later
						utilities.set_message ('maint_location_no_publisher');	-- add maint cat
					end
				else															-- PublisherName has a value
					if cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] == PublisherName then			-- if that value is 'none' (only for book and encyclopedia citations)
						PublisherName = '';										-- unset
					end
				end
			end
	end

	local ID_list_t;															-- sequence table of rendered identifiers
	local ID_list_coins_t;														-- table of identifiers and their values from args; key is same as cfg.id_handlers's key
	local Class = A['Class'];													-- arxiv class identifier
	
	local ID_support = {
		{A['ASINTLD'], 'ASIN', 'err_asintld_missing_asin', A:ORIGIN ('ASINTLD')},				
		{DoiBroken, 'DOI', 'err_doibroken_missing_doi', A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')},
		{Embargo, 'PMC', 'err_embargo_missing_pmc', A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')},
		}

	ID_list_t, ID_list_coins_t = identifiers.identifier_lists_get (args, {
		DoiBroken = DoiBroken,													-- for |doi=
		ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'],													-- for |asin=
		Embargo = Embargo,														-- for |pmc=
		Class = Class,															-- for |arxiv=
		CitationClass = config.CitationClass,									-- for |arxiv=
		Year=anchor_year,														-- for |isbn=
		}, ID_support);

	for _, id in ipairs (ID_list_t) do											-- search through the ID_list_t sequence looking for an ISBN identifier string
		if id:find ('ISBN', 3, true) then										-- plain find, start at index 3 ([[ISBN)
			if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then							-- catch ve/citoid malformed book cites in {{citation}} templates
				if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then							-- when a |work= alias is set
					utilities.set_message ('maint_work_isbn');					-- add maint cat
					break;														-- and abandon
				end
			elseif ({['journal'] = true, ['magazine'] = true, ['news'] = true, ['web'] = true})[config.CitationClass] then
				utilities.set_message ('maint_periodical_has_isbn');			-- add maint cat
				break;															-- and abandon
			end
		end
	end

--	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then									-- catch ve/citoid malformed book cites in {{citation}} templates
--		for _, id in ipairs (ID_list_t) do										-- search through the ID_list_t sequence looking for an ISBN identifier string
--			if id:find ('ISBN', 3, true) then									-- plain find, start at index 3 ([[ISBN)
--				if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then							-- when a |work= alias is set
--					utilities.set_message ('maint_work_isbn');					-- add maint cat
--				end
--			end
--		end
--	end

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, {{cite ssrn}}, before generation of COinS data.
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- |arxiv= or |eprint= required for cite arxiv; |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |medrxiv=, |ssrn= required for their templates
		if not (args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[1]] or 		-- can't use ID_list_coins_t k/v table here because invalid parameters omitted
			args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[2]]) then			-- which causes unexpected parameter missing error message
				utilities.set_message ('err_' .. config.CitationClass .. '_missing');		-- add error message
		end

		Periodical = ({['arxiv'] = 'arXiv', ['biorxiv'] = 'bioRxiv', ['citeseerx'] = 'CiteSeerX', ['medrxiv'] = 'medRxiv', ['ssrn'] = 'Social Science Research Network'})[config.CitationClass];
	end

	-- Link the title of the work if no |url= was provided, but we have a |pmc= or a |doi= with |doi-access=free

	if config.CitationClass == &quot;journal&quot; and not utilities.is_set (URL) and not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) then -- TODO: remove 'none' once existing citations have been switched to 'off', so 'none' can be used as token for &quot;no title&quot; instead
		if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[auto_select] then						-- if auto-linking not disabled
 	 		if identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select] then						-- manual selection
		 		URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select];					-- set URL to be the same as identifier's external link
 				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers[auto_select:upper()].parameters[1];	-- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
			elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'] then						-- auto-select PMC
				URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'];						-- set URL to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed
				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1];				-- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
			elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'] then						-- auto-select DOI
				URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'];
				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['DOI'].parameters[1];
			end
 	 	end

		if utilities.is_set (URL) then											-- set when using an identifier-created URL
			if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then								-- |access-date= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url=
				utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url');			-- add an error message
				AccessDate = '';												-- unset
			end

			if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then								-- |archive-url= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url=
				utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');				-- add an error message
				ArchiveURL = '';												-- unset
			end
		end
	end

	-- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.
	-- Test if citation has no title
	if	not utilities.is_set (Title) and not utilities.is_set (TransTitle) and not utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then	-- has special case for cite episode
		utilities.set_message ('err_citation_missing_title', {'episode' == config.CitationClass and 'series' or 'title'});
	end

	if utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) and
			utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'citation'}) and
			(utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and
			('journal' == Periodical_origin or 'script-journal' == ScriptPeriodical_origin) then	-- special case for journal cites
				Title = '';														-- set title to empty string
				utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled');						-- add maint cat
	end

	if 'journal' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then
		if is_page_art_num (((utilities.is_set (Page) and Page) or (utilities.is_set (Pages) and Pages)) or nil, ID_list_coins_t['DOI']) then			-- does |page(s)= look like it holds an article number
			utilities.set_message ('maint_page_art_num');						-- add maint cat
		end
	end

	-- COinS metadata (see &lt;http://ocoins.info/&gt;) for automated parsing of citation information.
	-- handle the oddity that is cite encyclopedia and {{citation |encyclopedia=something}}. Here we presume that
	-- when Periodical, Title, and Chapter are all set, then Periodical is the book (encyclopedia) title, Title
	-- is the article title, and Chapter is a section within the article.  So, we remap 
	
	local coins_chapter = Chapter;												-- default assuming that remapping not required
	local coins_title = Title;													-- et tu
	if 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and utilities.is_set (Title) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then		-- if all are used then
			coins_chapter = Title;												-- remap
			coins_title = Periodical;
		end
	end
	local coins_author = a;														-- default for coins rft.au 
	if 0 &lt; #c then																-- but if contributor list
		coins_author = c;														-- use that instead
	end
	
	-- this is the function call to COinS()
	local OCinSoutput = metadata.COinS({
		['Periodical'] = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical),		-- no markup in the metadata
		['Encyclopedia'] = Encyclopedia,										-- just a flag; content ignored by ~/COinS
		['Chapter'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_chapter, ScriptChapter),	-- Chapter and ScriptChapter stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup
		['Degree'] = Degree;													-- cite thesis only
		['Title'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_title, ScriptTitle),		-- Title and ScriptTitle stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup
		['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace,
		['Date'] = COinS_date.rftdate,											-- COinS_date.* has correctly formatted date values if Date is valid;
		['Season'] = COinS_date.rftssn,
		['Quarter'] = COinS_date.rftquarter,
		['Chron'] =  COinS_date.rftchron,
		['Series'] = Series,
		['Volume'] = Volume,
		['Issue'] = Issue,
		['ArticleNumber'] = ArticleNumber,
		['Pages'] = coins_pages or metadata.get_coins_pages (first_set ({Sheet, Sheets, Page, Pages, At, QuotePage, QuotePages}, 7)),	-- pages stripped of external links
		['Edition'] = Edition,
		['PublisherName'] = PublisherName or Newsgroup,							-- any apostrophe markup already removed from PublisherName
		['URL'] = first_set ({ChapterURL, URL}, 2),
		['Authors'] = coins_author,
		['ID_list'] = ID_list_coins_t,
		['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText,
	}, config.CitationClass);

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, and {{cite ssrn}} AFTER generation of COinS data.
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- we have set rft.jtitle in COinS to arXiv, bioRxiv, CiteSeerX, medRxiv, or ssrn now unset so it isn't displayed
		Periodical = '';														-- periodical not allowed in these templates; if article has been published, use cite journal
	end

	-- special case for cite newsgroup.  Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername to include some static text
	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Newsgroup) then
		PublisherName = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['newsgroup'], external_link( 'news:' .. Newsgroup, Newsgroup, Newsgroup_origin, nil ));
	end

	local Editors;
	local EditorCount;															-- used only for choosing {ed.) or (eds.) annotation at end of editor name-list
	local Contributors;															-- assembled contributors name list
	local contributor_etal = nil;												-- must be intentionally initialized

	local Translators;															-- assembled translators name list
	local translator_etal = nil;												-- must be intentionally initialized
	local t = extract_names (args, 'TranslatorList');							-- fetch translator list from |translatorn= / |translator-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=

	local Interviewers;															
	local interviewers_list = extract_names (args, 'InterviewerList');			-- process preferred interviewers parameters
	local interviewer_etal = nil;												-- must be intentionally initialized
	
	-- Now perform various field substitutions.
	-- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the
	-- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
	do
		local last_first_list;
		local control = { 
			format = NameListStyle,												-- empty string, '&amp;', 'amp', 'and', or 'vanc'
			maximum = nil,														-- as if display-authors or display-editors not set
			mode = Mode
		};

		do																		-- do editor name list first because the now unsupported coauthors used to modify control table
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayEditors'], A['DisplayEditors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayEditors'), #e);
			control.maximum, editor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #e, editor_etal, param);

			Editors, EditorCount = list_people (control, e, editor_etal);

			if 1 == EditorCount and (true == editor_etal or 1 &lt; #e) then		-- only one editor displayed but includes etal then 
				EditorCount = 2;												-- spoof to display (eds.) annotation
			end
		end
		do																		-- now do interviewers
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayInterviewers'], A['DisplayInterviewers'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayInterviewers'), #interviewers_list);
			control.maximum, interviewer_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #interviewers_list, interviewer_etal, param);

			Interviewers = list_people (control, interviewers_list, interviewer_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do translators
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayTranslators'], A['DisplayTranslators'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayTranslators'), #t);
			control.maximum, translator_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #t, translator_etal, param);

			Translators = list_people (control, t, translator_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do contributors
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayContributors'], A['DisplayContributors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayContributors'), #c);
			control.maximum, contributor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #c, contributor_etal, param);

			Contributors = list_people (control, c, contributor_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do authors
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayAuthors'], A['DisplayAuthors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayAuthors'), #a, author_etal);
			control.maximum, author_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #a, author_etal, param);

			last_first_list = list_people (control, a, author_etal);

			if utilities.is_set (Authors) then
				Authors, author_etal = name_has_etal (Authors, author_etal, false, 'authors');	-- find and remove variations on et al.
				if author_etal then
					Authors = Authors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];			-- add et al. to authors parameter
				end
			else
				Authors = last_first_list;										-- either an author name list or an empty string
			end
		end																		-- end of do
	
		if utilities.is_set (Authors) and utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then
			Authors = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['collaboration'], {Authors, Collaboration});	-- add collaboration after et al.
		end

	end

	local ConferenceFormat = A['ConferenceFormat'];
	local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL'];
	ConferenceFormat = style_format (ConferenceFormat, ConferenceURL, 'conference-format', 'conference-url');
	Format = style_format (Format, URL, 'format', 'url');

	-- special case for chapter format so no error message or cat when chapter not supported
	if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia))) then
			ChapterFormat = style_format (ChapterFormat, ChapterURL, 'chapter-format', 'chapter-url');
	end

	if not utilities.is_set (URL) then
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;web&quot;, &quot;podcast&quot;, &quot;mailinglist&quot;}) or		-- |url= required for {{cite web}}, {{cite podcast}}, and {{cite mailing list}}
			('citation' == config.CitationClass and ('website' == Periodical_origin or 'script-website' == ScriptPeriodical_origin)) then	-- and required for {{citation}} with |website= or |script-website=
				if not url_was_archive_today then								-- is &lt;URL&gt; empty/missing because it was a deprecated archive.today url
					utilities.set_message ('err_cite_web_url');					-- no; emit an error message for an empty/ missing |url=
				end
		end
		
		-- do we have |accessdate= without either |url= or |chapter-url=?
		if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then		-- ChapterURL may be set when URL is not set;
			utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url');
			AccessDate = '';
		end
	end

	local UrlStatus = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlStatus'], A:ORIGIN('UrlStatus'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-status'], '');
	local OriginalURL
	local OriginalURL_origin
	local OriginalFormat
	local OriginalAccess;
	UrlStatus = UrlStatus:lower();												-- used later when assembling archived text
	if utilities.is_set ( ArchiveURL ) then
		if utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then 									-- if chapter-url= is set apply archive url to it
			OriginalURL = ChapterURL;											-- save copy of source chapter's url for archive text
			OriginalURL_origin = ChapterURL_origin;								-- name of |chapter-url= parameter for error messages
			OriginalFormat = ChapterFormat;										-- and original |chapter-format=

			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then
				ChapterURL = ArchiveURL											-- swap-in the archive's URL
				ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')						-- name of |archive-url= parameter for error messages
				ChapterFormat = ArchiveFormat or '';							-- swap in archive's format
				ChapterUrlAccess = nil;											-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (URL) then
			OriginalURL = URL;													-- save copy of original source URL
			OriginalURL_origin = URL_origin;									-- name of URL parameter for error messages
			OriginalFormat = Format; 											-- and original |format=
			OriginalAccess = UrlAccess;

			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then											-- if URL set then |archive-url= applies to it
				URL = ArchiveURL												-- swap-in the archive's URL
				URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')								-- name of archive URL parameter for error messages
				Format = ArchiveFormat or '';									-- swap in archive's format
				UrlAccess = nil;												-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs
			end
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (UrlStatus) then									-- if |url-status= is set when |archive-url= is not set
 		utilities.set_message ('maint_url_status');								-- add maint cat
	end

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or	-- if any of the 'periodical' cites except encyclopedia
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
			local chap_param;
			if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then									-- get a parameter name from one of these chapter related meta-parameters
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter')
			elseif utilities.is_set (TransChapter) then
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter')
			elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterURL')
			elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then
				chap_param = ScriptChapter_origin;
			else utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat)
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterFormat')
			end

			if utilities.is_set (chap_param) then								-- if we found one
				utilities.set_message ('err_chapter_ignored', {chap_param});	-- add error message
				Chapter = '';													-- and set them to empty string to be safe with concatenation
				TransChapter = '';												-- for now, ignore linter warnings
				ChapterURL = '';
				ScriptChapter = '';
				ChapterFormat = '';
			end
	else																		-- otherwise, format chapter / article title
		local no_quotes = false;												-- default assume that we will be quoting the chapter parameter value
		if utilities.is_set (Contribution) and 0 &lt; #c then						-- if this is a contribution with contributor(s)
			if utilities.in_array (Contribution:lower(), cfg.keywords_lists.contribution) then	-- and a generic contribution title
				no_quotes = true;												-- then render it unquoted
			end
		end

		Chapter = format_chapter_title (ScriptChapter, ScriptChapter_origin, Chapter, TransChapter, TransChapter_origin, ChapterURL, ChapterURL_origin, no_quotes, ChapterUrlAccess);	-- Contribution is also in Chapter
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then
			Chapter = Chapter .. ChapterFormat ;
			if 'map' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (TitleType) then
				Chapter = Chapter .. ' ' .. TitleType;							-- map annotation here; not after title
			end
			Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. ' ';
		elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) then							-- |chapter= not set but |chapter-format= is so ...
			Chapter = ChapterFormat .. sepc .. ' ';								-- ... ChapterFormat has error message, we want to see it
		end
	end

	-- Format main title
	local plain_title = false;
	local accept_title;
	Title, accept_title = utilities.has_accept_as_written (Title, true);		-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;Title&gt;
	if accept_title and ('' == Title) then										-- only support forced empty for now &quot;(())&quot;
		Title = cfg.messages['notitle'];										-- replace by predefined &quot;No title&quot; message
			-- TODO: utilities.set_message ( 'err_redundant_parameters', ...);	-- issue proper error message instead of muting	 
			ScriptTitle = '';													-- just mute for now	 
			TransTitle = '';													-- just mute for now
 		plain_title = true;														-- suppress text decoration for descriptive title
		utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled');								-- add maint cat
	end

	if not accept_title then													-- &lt;Title&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
		if '...' == Title:sub (-3) then											-- if ellipsis is the last three characters of |title=
			Title = Title:gsub ('(%.%.%.)%.+$', '%1');							-- limit the number of dots to three
		elseif not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%.%s*%a%.$') and					-- end of title is not a 'dot-(optional space-)letter-dot' initialism ...
			not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%s+%a%.$') then						-- ...and not a 'space-letter-dot' initial (''Allium canadense'' L.)
				Title = mw.ustring.gsub(Title, '%' .. sepc .. '$', '');			-- remove any trailing separator character; sepc and ms.ustring() here for languages that use multibyte separator characters
		end

		if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) and is_archived_copy (Title) then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_archived_copy');						-- add maintenance category before we modify the content of Title
		end

		if is_generic ('generic_titles', Title) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_generic_title');						-- set an error message
		end
	end

	if (not plain_title) and (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'document', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'mailinglist', 'interview', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or
		('map' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)))) then		-- special case for cite map when the map is in a periodical treat as an article
			Title = kern_quotes (Title);										-- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks
			Title = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', Title);
			Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
			TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
	elseif plain_title or ('report' == config.CitationClass) then				-- no styling for cite report and descriptive titles (otherwise same as above)
		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
		TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );	-- for cite report, use this form for trans-title
	else
		Title = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Title);
		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
		TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', TransTitle);
	end

	if utilities.is_set (TransTitle) then
		if utilities.is_set (Title) then
			TransTitle = &quot; &quot; .. TransTitle;
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'title'});
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Title) then											-- TODO: is this the right place to be making Wikisource URLs?
		if utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url');						-- set an error message because we can't have both
			TitleLink = '';														-- unset
		end
	
		if not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then
			Title = external_link (URL, Title, URL_origin, UrlAccess) .. TransTitle .. Format;
			URL = '';															-- unset these because no longer needed
			Format = '';														-- for now, ignore linter warning
		elseif utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.is_set (URL) then
			local ws_url;
			ws_url = wikisource_url_make (TitleLink);							-- ignore ws_label return; not used here
			if ws_url then
				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in title-link');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this?
				Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], TitleLink, Title});				
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			else
				Title = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Title) .. TransTitle;
			end
		else
			local ws_url, ws_label, L;											-- Title has italic or quote markup by the time we get here which causes is_wikilink() to return 0 (not a wikilink)
			ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (Title:gsub('^[\'&quot;]*(.-)[\'&quot;]*$', '%1'));	-- make ws URL from |title= interwiki link (strip italic or quote markup); link portion L becomes tooltip label
			if ws_url then
				Title = Title:gsub ('%b[]', ws_label);							-- replace interwiki link with ws_label to retain markup
				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in title');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this?
				Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, Title});				
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			else
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			end
		end
	else
		Title = TransTitle;
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Place) then
		Place = &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('written', Place, use_lowercase) .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;
	end

	local ConferenceURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds ConferenceURL
	if utilities.is_set (Conference) then
		if utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then
			Conference = external_link( ConferenceURL, Conference, ConferenceURL_origin, nil );
		end
		Conference = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Conference .. ConferenceFormat;
	elseif utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then
		Conference = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. external_link( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURL_origin, nil );
	end

	local Position = '';
	if not utilities.is_set (Position) then
		local Minutes = A['Minutes'];
		local Time = A['Time'];

		if utilities.is_set (Minutes) then
			if utilities.is_set (Time) then		--TODO: make a function for this and similar?
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'minutes') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'time')});
			end
			Position = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.minutes, Minutes);
		else
			if utilities.is_set (Time) then
				local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption']
				if not utilities.is_set (TimeCaption) then
					TimeCaption = cs2_lower(cfg.messages['event']);
				end
				Position = &quot; &quot; .. TimeCaption .. &quot; &quot; .. Time;
			end
		end
	else
		Position = &quot; &quot; .. Position;
		At = '';
	end

	Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets = format_pages_sheets (Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, NoPP, use_lowercase);

	At = utilities.is_set (At) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. At) or &quot;&quot;;
	Position = utilities.is_set (Position) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Position) or &quot;&quot;;
	if config.CitationClass == 'map' then
		local Sections = A['Sections'];											-- Section (singular) is an alias of Chapter so set earlier
		local Inset = A['Inset'];
		
		if utilities.is_set ( Inset ) then
			Inset = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('inset', Inset, use_lowercase);
		end			

		if utilities.is_set ( Sections ) then
			Section = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('sections', Sections, use_lowercase);
		elseif utilities.is_set ( Section ) then
			Section = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('section', Section, use_lowercase);
		end
		At = At .. Inset .. Section;		
	end	

	local Others = A['Others'];
	if utilities.is_set (Others) and 0 == #a and 0 == #e then					-- add maint cat when |others= has value and used without |author=, |editor=
		if config.CitationClass == &quot;AV-media-notes&quot;
		or config.CitationClass == &quot;audio-visual&quot; then							-- special maint for AV/M which has a lot of 'false' positives right now
			utilities.set_message ('maint_others_avm')
		else
			utilities.set_message ('maint_others');
		end
	end
	Others = utilities.is_set (Others) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Others) or &quot;&quot;;
	
	if utilities.is_set (Translators) then
		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('translated', Translators, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc);
	end
	if utilities.is_set (Interviewers) then
		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('interview', Interviewers, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc);
	end
	
	local TitleNote = A['TitleNote'];
	TitleNote = utilities.is_set (TitleNote) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. TitleNote) or &quot;&quot;;
	if utilities.is_set (Edition) then
		if Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]d%n?%.?$') or Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]dition$') then -- Ed, ed, Ed., ed., Edn, edn, Edn., edn.
			utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_edition');					 -- add error message
		end
		Edition = &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('edition', Edition);
	else
		Edition = '';
	end

	Series = utilities.is_set (Series) and wrap_msg ('series', {sepc, Series}) or &quot;&quot;;	-- not the same as SeriesNum
	local Agency = A['Agency'] or '';											-- |agency= is supported by {{cite magazine}}, {{cite news}}, {{cite press release}}, {{cite web}}, and certain {{citation}} templates
	if utilities.is_set (Agency) then											-- this testing done here because {{citation}} supports 'news' citations
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'magazine', 'news', 'pressrelease', 'web'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, {&quot;magazine&quot;, &quot;newspaper&quot;, &quot;work&quot;})) then
			Agency = wrap_msg ('agency', {sepc, Agency});						-- format for rendering
		else
			Agency = '';														-- unset; not supported
			utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {'agency'});		-- add error message
		end
	end
	
	Volume = format_volume_issue (Volume, Issue, ArticleNumber, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, use_lowercase);

	if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then
		local retrv_text = &quot; &quot; .. cfg.messages['retrieved'];

		AccessDate = nowrap_date (AccessDate);									-- wrap in nowrap span if date in appropriate format
		retrv_text = cs2_lower(retrv_text);										-- if mode is cs2, lower case
		AccessDate = utilities.substitute (retrv_text, AccessDate);				-- add retrieved text

		AccessDate = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['accessdate'], {sepc, AccessDate});	-- allow editors to hide accessdates
	end
	
	if utilities.is_set (ID) then ID = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. ID; end
	
	local Docket = A['Docket'];
   	if &quot;thesis&quot; == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then
		ID = sepc .. &quot; Docket &quot; .. Docket .. ID;
	end
   	if &quot;report&quot; == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then		-- for cite report when |docket= is set
		ID = sepc .. ' ' .. Docket;												-- overwrite ID even if |id= is set
	end

	if utilities.is_set (URL) then
		URL = &quot; &quot; .. external_link( URL, nil, URL_origin, UrlAccess );
	end
	
	-- We check length of PostScript here because it will have been nuked by
	-- the quote parameters. We'd otherwise emit a message even if there wasn't
	-- a displayed postscript.
	-- TODO: Should the max size (1) be configurable?
	-- TODO: Should we check a specific pattern?
	if utilities.is_set(PostScript) and mw.ustring.len(PostScript) &gt; 1 then
		utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript')
	end
	
	local Archived;
	if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then
		if not utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then								-- ArchiveURL set but ArchiveDate not set
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_date');					-- emit an error message
			ArchiveURL = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			ArchiveDate = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	else														
		if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then									-- ArchiveURL not set but ArchiveDate is set
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_date_missing_url');				-- emit an error message
			ArchiveURL = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			ArchiveDate = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then
		if &quot;live&quot; == UrlStatus then
			if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
				Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['archived-live'],
					{ external_link( ArchiveURL, cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived']), A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), nil) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } );
			else
				Archived = '';
			end
			if not utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then
				utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');
				Archived = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then								-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead', 'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'
			if utilities.in_array (UrlStatus, {'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'}) then
				Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived-unfit']), ArchiveDate);
				if 'bot: unknown' == UrlStatus then
					utilities.set_message ('maint_bot_unknown');				-- and add a category if not already added
				else
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('unfit');							-- and add a category if not already added
				end
			else																-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead'
				if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
					Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived-dead']),
						{ external_link( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'], OriginalURL_origin, OriginalAccess ) .. OriginalFormat, ArchiveDate } );
				else
					Archived = '';												-- unset for concatenation
				end
			end	
		else																	-- OriginalUrl not set
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');
			Archived = '';														-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (ArchiveFormat) then
		Archived = ArchiveFormat;												-- if set and ArchiveURL not set ArchiveFormat has error message
	else
		Archived = '';
	end
	
	local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL']
	local TranscriptFormat = A['TranscriptFormat'];
	TranscriptFormat = style_format (TranscriptFormat, TranscriptURL, 'transcript-format', 'transcripturl');
	local Transcript = A['Transcript'];
	local TranscriptURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds TranscriptURL
	if utilities.is_set (Transcript) then
		if utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then
			Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, Transcript, TranscriptURL_origin, nil );
		end
		Transcript = sepc .. ' ' .. Transcript .. TranscriptFormat;
	elseif utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then
		Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURL_origin, nil );
	end

	local Publisher;
	if utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then
		PublicationDate = wrap_msg ('published', PublicationDate);
	end
	if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
		if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then
			Publisher = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublicationPlace .. &quot;: &quot; .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;
		else
			Publisher = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;  
		end			
	elseif utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then 
		Publisher= sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate;
	else 
		Publisher = PublicationDate;
	end
	
	-- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
	if (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (TitleNote) then 
			Periodical = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin);
		else 
			Periodical = format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin);
		end
	end
	
	local Language = A['Language'];
	if utilities.is_set (Language) then
		Language = language_parameter (Language);								-- format, categories, name from ISO639-1, etc.
	else
		Language='';															-- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string;
	--[[ TODO: need to extract the wrap_msg from language_parameter
	so that we can solve parentheses bunching problem with Format/Language/TitleType
	]]
	end

	--[[
	Handle the oddity that is cite speech.  This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be &quot; (Speech)&quot; so that
	the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided).
	]]
	if &quot;speech&quot; == config.CitationClass then									-- cite speech only
		TitleNote = TitleType;													-- move TitleType to TitleNote so that it renders ahead of |event=
		TitleType = '';															-- and unset

		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then									-- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter 
			if utilities.is_set (Conference) then								-- and if |event= is set
				Conference = Conference .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;							-- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering
			end
		end
	end

	-- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
	-- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
	-- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.

	local tcommon;
	local tcommon2;																-- used for book cite when |contributor= is set
	local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At;

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;book&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and not utilities.is_set (Periodical) then		-- special cases for book cites
		if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then									-- when we are citing foreword, preface, introduction, etc.
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote}, sepc);						-- author and other stuff will come after this and before tcommon2
			tcommon2 = safe_join ({TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);
		else
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);
		end

	elseif 'map' == config.CitationClass then									-- special cases for cite map
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then										-- map in a book; TitleType is part of Chapter
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc);
		elseif utilities.is_set (Periodical) then								-- map in a periodical
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Periodical, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc);
		else																	-- a sheet or stand-alone map
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher}, sepc);
		end
		
	elseif 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for cite episode
		tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);

	else																		-- all other CS1 templates
		tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc);
	end
	
	if #ID_list_t &gt; 0 then
		ID_list_t = safe_join( { sepc .. &quot; &quot;,  table.concat( ID_list_t, sepc .. &quot; &quot; ), ID }, sepc );
	else
		ID_list_t = ID;
	end
	
	local Via = A['Via'];
	Via = utilities.is_set (Via) and  wrap_msg ('via', Via) or '';
	local idcommon;
	if 'audio-visual' == config.CitationClass or 'episode' == config.CitationClass then	-- special case for cite AV media &amp; cite episode position transcript
		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list_t, URL, Archived, Transcript, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc );
	else
		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list_t, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc );
	end
	
	local text;
--	local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At;

	local OrigDate = A['OrigDate'];
	OrigDate = utilities.is_set (OrigDate) and wrap_msg ('origdate', OrigDate) or '';
	if utilities.is_set (Date) then
		if utilities.is_set (Authors) or utilities.is_set (Editors) then		-- date follows authors or editors when authors not set
			Date = &quot; (&quot; .. Date .. &quot;)&quot; .. OrigDate .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;				-- in parentheses
		else																	-- neither of authors and editors set
			if (string.sub(tcommon, -1, -1) == sepc) then						-- if the last character of tcommon is sepc
				Date = &quot; &quot; .. Date .. OrigDate;									-- Date does not begin with sepc
			else
				Date = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Date .. OrigDate;							-- Date begins with sepc
			end
		end
	end	
	if utilities.is_set (Authors) then
		if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then									-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Authors termination
			Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);						-- when no date, terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Editors) then
			local in_text = '';
			local post_text;
			if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and 0 == #c then
				in_text = cfg.messages['in'] .. ' ';
				in_text = cs2_lower(in_text);									-- lowercase for cs2
			end
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ')';				-- be consistent with no-author, no-date case
			else
				post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ')';
			end
			Editors = terminate_name_list (in_text .. Editors .. post_text, sepc);	-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then									-- book cite and we're citing the intro, preface, etc.
			local by_text = sepc .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['by'] .. ' ';
			by_text = cs2_lower(by_text);										-- lowercase for cs2
			Authors = by_text .. Authors;										-- author follows title so tweak it here
			if utilities.is_set (Editors) and utilities.is_set (Date) then		-- when Editors make sure that Authors gets terminated
				Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);					-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
			end
			if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then								-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Contributors termination
				Contributors = terminate_name_list (Contributors, sepc);		-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
			end
			text = safe_join( {Contributors, Date, Chapter, tcommon, Authors, Place, Editors, tcommon2, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc );
		else
			text = safe_join( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc );
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (Editors) then
		if utilities.is_set (Date) then
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editor'];
			else
				Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editors'];
			end
		else
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				Editors = Editors .. &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. &quot;)&quot; .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			else
				Editors = Editors .. &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. &quot;)&quot; .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			end
		end
		text = safe_join( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
	else
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;journal&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
		else
			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then
		text = safe_join( {text, sepc}, sepc ); 								-- Deals with italics, spaces, etc.
		if '.' == sepc then														-- remove final seperator if present
			text = text:gsub ('%' .. sepc .. '$', '');							-- dot must be escaped here
		else
			text = mw.ustring.gsub (text, sepc .. '$', '');						-- using ustring for non-dot sepc (likely a non-Latin character)
		end
	end	
	
	text = safe_join( {text, PostScript}, sepc );

	-- Now enclose the whole thing in a &lt;cite&gt; element
	local options_t = {};
	options_t.class = cite_class_attribute_make (config.CitationClass, Mode);

	local Ref = is_valid_parameter_value (A['Ref'], A:ORIGIN('Ref'), cfg.keywords_lists['ref'], nil, true);	-- nil when |ref=harv; A['Ref'] else

	if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[(Ref and Ref:lower()) or ''] then
		local namelist_t = {};													-- holds selected contributor, author, editor name list
		local year = first_set ({Year, anchor_year}, 2);						-- Year first for legacy citations and for YMD dates that require disambiguation

		if #c &gt; 0 then															-- if there is a contributor list
			namelist_t = c;														-- select it
		elseif #a &gt; 0 then														-- or an author list
			namelist_t = a;
		elseif #e &gt; 0 then														-- or an editor list
			namelist_t = e;
		end
		local citeref_id;
		if #namelist_t &gt; 0 then													-- if there are names in namelist_t
			citeref_id = make_citeref_id (namelist_t, year);					-- go make the CITEREF anchor
			if mw.uri.anchorEncode (citeref_id) == ((Ref and mw.uri.anchorEncode (Ref)) or '') then	-- Ref may already be encoded (by {{sfnref}}) so citeref_id must be encoded before comparison
				utilities.set_message ('maint_ref_duplicates_default');
			end
		else
			citeref_id = '';													-- unset
		end
		options_t.id = Ref or citeref_id;
	end

	if string.len (text:gsub('%b&lt;&gt;', '')) &lt;= 2 then								-- remove html and html-like tags; then get length of what remains; 
		z.error_cats_t = {};													-- blank the categories list
		z.error_msgs_t = {};													-- blank the error messages list
		OCinSoutput = nil;														-- blank the metadata string
		text = '';																-- blank the the citation
		utilities.set_message ('err_empty_citation');							-- set empty citation message and category
	end
	
	local render_t = {};														-- here we collect the final bits for concatenation into the rendered citation

	if is_preview_mode and (0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t or 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t) then	-- when in preview mode
		if not utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then								-- and when this template has not created an anchor ID
            math.randomseed (tonumber (mw.getLanguage ('en'):formatDate ('U')) * 10000 + os.clock() * 10000);
			options_t.id = 'CITEREF_temp_preview_id_' .. math.random (100000, 999999);	-- create temporary anchor ID for preview mode
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then										-- here we wrap the rendered citation in &lt;cite ...&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt; tags
		options_t.id = mw.uri.anchorEncode(options_t.id);						-- do this here; also used when adding preview warning messages
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite-id'], {options_t.id, mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text}));	-- when |ref= is set or when there is a namelist
	else
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite'], {mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text}));	-- when |ref=none or when namelist_t empty and |ref= is missing or is empty
	end		

	if OCinSoutput then															-- blanked when citation is 'empty' so don't bother to add boilerplate metadata span
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ocins'], OCinSoutput));	-- format and append metadata to the citation
	end

	local template_name = cfg.citation_class_map_t[config.CitationClass];
	local template_link = '[[Template:' .. template_name .. '|' .. template_name .. ']]';
	local msg_prefix = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;{{' .. template_link .. '}}&lt;/code&gt;: ';

	if 0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t then
		mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_e, {template_link, options_t.id}));

		table.insert (render_t, ' ');											-- insert a space between citation and its error messages
		table.sort (z.error_msgs_t);											-- sort the error messages list; sorting includes wrapping &lt;span&gt; and &lt;code&gt; tags; hidden-error sorts ahead of visible-error

		local hidden = true;													-- presume that the only error messages emited by this template are hidden
		for _, v in ipairs (z.error_msgs_t) do									-- spin through the list of error messages
			if v:find ('cs1-visible-error', 1, true) then						-- look for the visible error class name
				hidden = false;													-- found one; so don't hide the error message prefix
				break;															-- and done because no need to look further
			end
		end

		z.error_msgs_t[1] = table.concat ({utilities.error_comment (msg_prefix, hidden), z.error_msgs_t[1]});	-- add error message prefix to first error message to prevent extraneous punctuation
		table.insert (render_t, table.concat (z.error_msgs_t, '; '));			-- make a big string of error messages and add it to the rendering
	end

	if 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t then
		mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_m, {template_link, options_t.id}));

		table.sort (z.maint_cats_t);											-- sort the maintenance messages list

		local maint_msgs_t = {};												-- here we collect all of the maint messages

		if 0 == #z.error_msgs_t then											-- if no error messages
			table.insert (maint_msgs_t, msg_prefix);							-- insert message prefix in maint message livery
		end
		
		for _, v in ipairs( z.maint_cats_t ) do									-- append maintenance categories
			table.insert (maint_msgs_t, 										-- assemble new maint message and add it to the maint_msgs_t table
				table.concat ({v, ' (', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[':cat wikilink'], v), ')'})
				);
		end
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['hidden-maint'], table.concat (maint_msgs_t, ' ')));	-- wrap the group of maint messages with proper presentation and save
	end

	if not no_tracking_cats then
		local sort_key;
		local cat_wikilink = 'cat wikilink';
		if cfg.enable_sort_keys then											-- when namespace sort keys enabled
			local namespace_number = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace;		-- get namespace number for this wikitext
			sort_key = (0 ~= namespace_number and (cfg.name_space_sort_keys[namespace_number] or cfg.name_space_sort_keys.other)) or nil;	-- get sort key character; nil for mainspace
			cat_wikilink = (not sort_key and 'cat wikilink') or 'cat wikilink sk';	-- make &lt;cfg.messages&gt; key
		end				

		for _, v in ipairs (z.error_cats_t) do									-- append error categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key}));
		end
		if cfg.id_limits_data_load_fail then									-- boolean true when load failed
			utilities.set_message ('maint_id_limit_load_fail');					-- done here because this maint cat emits no message
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (z.maint_cats_t) do									-- append maintenance categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key}));
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (z.prop_cats_t) do									-- append properties categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v));	-- no sort keys
		end
	end

	return table.concat (render_t);												-- make a big string and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; V A L I D A T E &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Looks for a parameter's name in one of several whitelists.

Parameters in the whitelist can have three values:
	true - active, supported parameters
	false - deprecated, supported parameters
	nil - unsupported parameters
	
]]

local function validate (name, cite_class, empty)
	local enum_name;															-- parameter name with enumerator (if any) replaced with '#'
	local state;

	local function state_test ()												-- local function to do testing of state values; operates on the upvalues &lt;state&gt; and &lt;name&gt;
		if true == state then return true; end									-- valid actively supported parameter
		if false == state then
			if empty then return nil; end										-- empty deprecated parameters are treated as unknowns
			deprecated_parameter (name);										-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
			return true;
		end
		if 'tracked' == state then
			local base_name = name:gsub ('%d', '');								-- strip enumerators from parameter names that have them to get the base name
			utilities.add_prop_cat ('tracked-param', {base_name}, base_name);	-- add a properties category; &lt;base_name&gt; modifies &lt;key&gt;
			return true;
		end
		return nil;
	end		

	if 'string' ~= type (name) or name:find ('#') then							-- # is a cs1|2 reserved character so parameters with # not permitted; positional params are 'number' type; not supported
		return nil;
	end
																				-- replace enumerator digit(s) with # (|last25= becomes |last#=) (mw.ustring because non-Western 'local' digits)
	enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (name, '%d+$', '#');							-- where enumerator is last charaters in parameter name (these to protect |s2cid=)
	enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (enum_name, '%d+([%-l])', '#%1');				-- where enumerator is in the middle of the parameter name; |author#link= is the oddity

	if 'document' == cite_class then											-- special case for {{cite document}}
		state = whitelist.document_parameters_t[enum_name];						-- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters
		if true == state_test () then return true; end
		
		return false;
	end

	if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- limited parameter sets allowed for these templates
		state = whitelist.limited_parameters_t[enum_name];						-- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters
		if true == state_test () then return true; end

		state = whitelist.preprint_arguments_t[cite_class][name];				-- look in the parameter-list for the template identified by cite_class
		if true == state_test () then return true; end

		return false;															-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil
	end																			-- end limited parameter-set templates

	if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.unique_param_template_list_t) then 	-- template-specific parameters for templates that accept parameters from the basic argument list
		state = whitelist.unique_arguments_t[cite_class][name];					-- look in the template-specific parameter-lists for the template identified by cite_class
		if true == state_test () then return true; end
	end																			-- if here, fall into general validation

	state = whitelist.common_parameters_t[enum_name];							-- all other templates; all normal parameters allowed; this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters
	if true == state_test () then return true; end

	return false;																-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I N T E R _ W I K I _ C H E C K &gt;----------------------------------------------

check &lt;value&gt; for inter-language interwiki-link markup.  &lt;prefix&gt; must be a MediaWiki-recognized language
code.  when these values have the form (without leading colon):
	[[&lt;prefix&gt;:link|label]] return label as plain-text
	[[&lt;prefix&gt;:link]] return &lt;prefix&gt;:link as plain-text

return value as is else

]=]

local function inter_wiki_check (parameter, value)
	local prefix = value:match ('%[%[(%a+):');									-- get an interwiki prefix if one exists
	local _;
	
	if prefix and cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix:lower()] then						-- if prefix is in the map, needs preceding colon so
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', parameter);					-- emit an error message
		_, value, _ = utilities.is_wikilink (value);							-- extract label portion from wikilink
	end

	return value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M I S S I N G _ P I P E _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------------------------

Look at the contents of a parameter. If the content has a string of characters and digits followed by an equal
sign, compare the alphanumeric string to the list of cs1|2 parameters.  If found, then the string is possibly a
parameter that is missing its pipe.  There are two tests made:
	{{cite ... |title=Title access-date=2016-03-17}}	-- the first parameter has a value and whitespace separates that value from the missing pipe parameter name
	{{cite ... |title=access-date=2016-03-17}}			-- the first parameter has no value (whitespace after the first = is trimmed by MediaWiki)
cs1|2 shares some parameter names with XML/HTML attributes: class=, title=, etc.  To prevent false positives XML/HTML
tags are removed before the search.

If a missing pipe is detected, this function adds the missing pipe maintenance category.

]]

local function missing_pipe_check (parameter, value)
	local capture;
	value = value:gsub ('%b&lt;&gt;', '');											-- remove XML/HTML tags because attributes: class=, title=, etc.

	capture = value:match ('%s+(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=') or value:match ('^(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=');	-- find and categorize parameters with possible missing pipes
	if capture and validate (capture) then										-- if the capture is a valid parameter name
		utilities.set_message ('err_missing_pipe', parameter);
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ P U N C T &gt;--------------------------------------

look for extraneous terminal punctuation in most parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked

]]

local function has_extraneous_punc (param, value)
	if 'number' == type (param) then
		return;
	end
	
	param = param:gsub ('%d+', '#');											-- enumerated name-list mask params allow terminal punct; normalize 
	if cfg.punct_skip[param] then
		return;																	-- parameter name found in the skip table so done
	end
	
	if value:match ('[,;:]$') then
		utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct');							-- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat
	end
	if value:match ('^=') then													-- sometimes an extraneous '=' character appears ...
		utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct');							-- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ T W L _ U R L &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

look for The Wikipedia Library urls in url-holding parameters.  TWL urls are accessible only for readers who are
active extended confirmed Wikipedia editors.  This function sets an error message when such urls are discovered
and when appropriate, sets the |&lt;param&gt;-url-access=subscription.  returns nothing.

looks for: '.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org'

]]

local function has_twl_url (url_params_t, cite_args_t)
	local url_error_t = {};														-- sequence of url-holding parameters that have a TWL url
	
	for param, value in pairs (url_params_t) do
		if value:find ('%.wikipedialibrary%.idm%.oclc%.org') then				-- has the TWL base url?
			table.insert (url_error_t, param);									-- add parameter name to the error list
		end
	end
	if 0 ~= #url_error_t then													-- non-zero when there are errors
		table.sort (url_error_t);												-- sor for error messaging
		for i, param in ipairs (url_error_t) do
			if cfg.url_access_map_t[param] then									-- if &lt;param&gt; has a matching -access parameter
				cite_args_t[cfg.url_access_map_t[param]] = cfg.keywords_xlate.subscription;	-- set |&lt;param&gt;-url-access=subscription
			end
			url_error_t[i] = utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param);			-- make the parameter pretty for error message
		end

		utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_twl_url', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)});	-- add this error message
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M I S C _ U R L _ D E T E C T &gt;------------------------------------------------

look for miscellaneous urls that might be converted to, or are duplicates of, identifiers.  

]]

local misc_url_patterns_t = {
	'idm%.oclc%.org',															-- but not wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org; has_twl_url()
	'https?://citeseerx?%.ist%.psu%.edu/',										-- simplified so we catch all citeseer and citeseerx urls except ~/document/... (the 'new' form)
	}

local ignore_patterns_t = {
	'wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org',											-- handled by has_twl_url()
	'https?://citeseerx?%.ist%.psu%.edu/document',								-- 'new'-form citeseerx urls that mostly work; ignore for now
	}

local function misc_url_detect (url_params_t)
	local ignore_flag = false;

	for _, value in pairs (url_params_t) do
		for _, ignore_pattern in ipairs (ignore_patterns_t) do
			if value:find (ignore_pattern) then									-- matches this ignore_pattern?
				ignore_flag = true;												-- found a pattern to ignore
				break;															-- 
			end
		end

		if not ignore_flag then													-- if ignore_flag is set then don't bother to test this url &lt;value&gt;
			for _, misc_pattern in ipairs (misc_url_patterns_t) do
				if value:find (misc_pattern) then								-- matches this misc_pattern?
					utilities.set_message ('maint_misc_url');					-- found one; set the message
					return;														-- and done; no need to test other &lt;value&gt;s
				end
			end
		end
		ignore_flag = false;													-- reset
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------

look for extraneous url parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked

]]

local function has_extraneous_url (non_url_param_t)
	local url_error_t = {};
	
	check_for_url (non_url_param_t, url_error_t);								-- extraneous url check
	if 0 ~= #url_error_t then													-- non-zero when there are errors
		table.sort (url_error_t);
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_ext_link', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)});	-- add this error message
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; _ C I T A T I O N &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Module entry point

	frame – from template call (citation()); may be nil when called from another module
	args_t – table of all cs1|2 parameters in the template (the parent frame)
	config_t – table of template-supplied parameter (the #invoke frame)

]]

local function _citation (frame, args_t, config_t)								-- save a copy in case we need to display an error message in preview mode
	if not frame then
		frame = mw.getCurrentFrame();											-- if called from another module, get a frame for frame-provided functions
	end
																				-- i18n: set the name that your wiki uses to identify sandbox subpages from sandbox template invoke (or can be set here)
	local sandbox = ((config_t.SandboxPath and '' ~= config_t.SandboxPath) and config_t.SandboxPath) or '/sandbox';	-- sandbox path from {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|citation|SandboxPath=/...}}
	is_sandbox = nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), sandbox, 1, true);		-- is this invoke the sandbox module?
	sandbox = is_sandbox and sandbox or '';										-- use i18n sandbox to load sandbox modules when this module is the sandox; live modules else

	cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' .. sandbox);			-- load sandbox versions of support modules when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live modules else
	whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist' .. sandbox);
	utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities' .. sandbox);
	validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation' .. sandbox);
	identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers' .. sandbox);
	metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS' .. sandbox);

	utilities.set_selected_modules (cfg);										-- so that functions in Utilities can see the selected cfg tables
	identifiers.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Identifiers can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module
	validation.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Date validataion can see selected cfg tables and the selected Utilities module
	metadata.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);								-- so that functions in COinS can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module

	z = utilities.z;															-- table of error and category tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
	local cite_args_t = {};														-- because args_t is the parent (template) frame args (which cannot be modified); params and their values will be placed here

	is_preview_mode = not utilities.is_set (frame:preprocess ('{{REVISIONID}}'));

	local suggestions = {};														-- table where we store suggestions if we need to loadData them
	local error_text;															-- used as a flag

	local capture;																-- the single supported capture when matching unknown parameters using patterns
	local empty_unknowns = {};													-- sequence table to hold empty unknown params for error message listing
	for k, v in pairs (args_t) do												-- get parameters from the parent (template) frame
		v = mw.ustring.gsub (v, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1');							-- trim leading/trailing whitespace; when v is only whitespace, becomes empty string
		if v ~= '' then
			if cfg.enum_needs_xlation and 'string' == type (k) then				-- for wikis that set date_names['local_digits'] to non-western digits
			    k = mw.ustring.gsub (k, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);		-- translate 'local' digits enumerators to Western 0-9
			end
			if not validate( k, config_t.CitationClass ) then			
				if type (k) ~= 'string' then									-- exclude empty numbered parameters
					if v:match(&quot;%S+&quot;) ~= nil then
						error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_text_ignored', {v});
					end
				elseif validate (k:lower(), config_t.CitationClass) then 
					error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()});	-- suggest the lowercase version of the parameter
				else
					if nil == suggestions.suggestions then						-- if this table is nil then we need to load it
						suggestions = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' .. sandbox);	--load sandbox version of suggestion module when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live module else
					end
					for pattern, param in pairs (suggestions.patterns) do		-- loop through the patterns to see if we can suggest a proper parameter
						capture = k:match (pattern);							-- the whole match if no capture in pattern else the capture if a match
						if capture then											-- if the pattern matches 
							param = utilities.substitute (param, capture);		-- add the capture to the suggested parameter (typically the enumerator)
							if validate (param, config_t.CitationClass) then		-- validate the suggestion to make sure that the suggestion is supported by this template (necessary for limited parameter lists)
								error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, param});	-- set the suggestion error message
							else
								error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k});	-- suggested param not supported by this template
								v = '';											-- unset
							end
						end
					end
					if not utilities.is_set (error_text) then					-- couldn't match with a pattern, is there an explicit suggestion?						
						if (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil) and validate (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ], config_t.CitationClass) then
							utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ]});
						else
							utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k});
							v = '';												-- unset value assigned to unrecognized parameters (this for the limited parameter lists)
						end
					end
				end				  
			end

			cite_args_t[k] = v;													-- save this parameter and its value

		elseif not utilities.is_set (v) then									-- for empty parameters
			if not validate (k, config_t.CitationClass, true) then				-- is this empty parameter a valid parameter
				k = ('' == k) and cfg.err_msg_supl.empty_str or k;				-- when k is empty string (or was space(s) trimmed to empty string), replace with descriptive text
				table.insert (empty_unknowns, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k));	-- format for error message and add to the list
			end
		end
	end	

	if 0 ~= #empty_unknowns then												-- create empty unknown error message
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_unknown_empty', {
			1 == #empty_unknowns and '' or 's',
			utilities.make_sep_list (#empty_unknowns, empty_unknowns)
			});
	end

	local non_url_param_t = {};													-- table of parameters and values that are not url-holding parameters
	local url_param_t = {};														-- table of url-holding paramters and their values

	for k, v in pairs (cite_args_t) do

		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- don't evaluate positional parameters
			has_invisible_chars (k, v);											-- look for invisible characters
		end
		has_extraneous_punc (k, v);												-- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in parameter values
		missing_pipe_check (k, v);												-- do we think that there is a parameter that is missing a pipe?
		cite_args_t[k] = inter_wiki_check (k, v);								-- when language interwiki-linked parameter missing leading colon replace with wiki-link label

		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- when parameter k is not positional
			if not cfg.url_skip[k] then											-- and not in url skip table
				non_url_param_t[k] = v;											-- make a parameter/value list for extraneous url check
			else																-- and is in url skip table (a url-holding parameter)
				url_param_t[k] = v;												-- make a parameter/value list to check for values that are The Wikipedia Library url
			end
		end
	end

	if cfg.suppress_archive_today_urls then
		has_archive_today_url (cite_args_t);									-- look for and suppress archive.today urls and dependent parameters for all templates
	end
	has_extraneous_url (non_url_param_t);										-- look for url in parameter values where a url does not belong
	has_twl_url (url_param_t, cite_args_t);										-- look for url-holding parameters that hold a The Wikipedia Library url
	misc_url_detect (url_param_t);												-- look for url-holding parameters that hold certain miscellaneous urls 

	return table.concat ({
		frame:extensionTag ('templatestyles', '', {src='Module:Citation/CS1' .. sandbox .. '/styles.css'}),
		citation0 (config_t, cite_args_t)
	});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Template entry point

]]

local function citation (frame)
	local config_t = {};														-- table to store parameters from the module {{#invoke:}}
	local args_t = frame:getParent().args;										-- get template's preset parameters

	for k, v in pairs (frame.args) do											-- get parameters from the {{#invoke}} frame
		config_t[k] = v;
	--	args_t[k] = v;															-- crude debug support that allows us to render a citation from module {{#invoke:}}; skips parameter validation; TODO: keep?
	end	
	return _citation (frame, args_t, config_t)
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	citation = citation,														-- template entry point
	
	_citation = _citation,														-- module entry point
	}</text>
      <sha1>mzkfjlhyhvftcb93lj0ik7zu7t1myhw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339249</id>
      <parentid>339248</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339248</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="244678" sha1="mzkfjlhyhvftcb93lj0ik7zu7t1myhw" xml:space="preserve">require ('strict');

--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------

each of these counts against the Lua upvalue limit

]]

local validation;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation

local utilities;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
local z = {};																	-- table of tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities

local identifiers;																-- functions and tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
local metadata;																	-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
local cfg = {};																	-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
local whitelist = {};															-- table of tables listing valid template parameter names; defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist


--[[------------------&lt; P A G E   S C O P E   V A R I A B L E S &gt;---------------

declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from
other modules; that are created here and used here

]]

local added_deprecated_cat;														-- boolean flag so that the category is added only once
local added_vanc_errs;															-- boolean flag so we only emit one Vancouver error / category
local added_generic_name_errs;													-- boolean flag so we only emit one generic name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered
local added_numeric_name_errs;													-- boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered
local added_numeric_name_maint;													-- boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name maint category and stop testing names once a category has been emitted
local is_preview_mode;															-- true when article is in preview mode; false when using 'Preview page with this template' (previewing the module)
local is_sandbox;																-- true when using sandbox modules to render citation
local url_was_archive_today;													-- boolean flag set to true when has_archive_today_url() has unset |url= because it held a deprecated archive.today url


--[[--------------------------&lt; F I R S T _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Locates and returns the first set value in a table of values where the order established in the table,
left-to-right (or top-to-bottom), is the order in which the values are evaluated.  Returns nil if none are set.

This version replaces the original 'for _, val in pairs do' and a similar version that used ipairs.  With the pairs
version the order of evaluation could not be guaranteed.  With the ipairs version, a nil value would terminate
the for-loop before it reached the actual end of the list.

]]

local function first_set (list, count)
	local i = 1;
	while i &lt;= count do															-- loop through all items in list
		if utilities.is_set( list[i] ) then
			return list[i];														-- return the first set list member
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- point to next
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ V A N C _ E R R O R &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Adds a single Vancouver system error message to the template's output regardless of how many error actually exist.
To prevent duplication, added_vanc_errs is nil until an error message is emitted.

added_vanc_errs is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above

]]

local function add_vanc_error (source, position)
	if added_vanc_errs then return end
		
	added_vanc_errs = true;														-- note that we've added this category
	utilities.set_message ('err_vancouver', {source, position});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S C H E M E &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

does this thing that purports to be a URI scheme seem to be a valid scheme?  The scheme is checked to see if it
is in agreement with http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 which says:
	Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a
   letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus
   (&quot;+&quot;), period (&quot;.&quot;), or hyphen (&quot;-&quot;).

returns true if it does, else false

]]

local function is_scheme (scheme)
	return scheme and scheme:match ('^%a[%a%d%+%.%-]*:');						-- true if scheme is set and matches the pattern
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ D O M A I N _ N A M E &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Does this thing that purports to be a domain name seem to be a valid domain name?

Syntax defined here: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5
BNF defined here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234
Single character names are generally reserved; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsind-iana-dns-01#page-15;
	see also [[Single-letter second-level domain]]
list of TLDs: https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db

RFC 952 (modified by RFC 1123) requires the first and last character of a hostname to be a letter or a digit
(see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc952 §GRAMMATICAL HOST TABLE SPECIFICATION §§B. Lexical grammar &lt;name&gt;; see
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#section-2).  Between the first and last characters the name may use letters,
digits, and the hyphen.

Also allowed are IPv4 addresses. IPv6 not supported

domain is expected to be stripped of any path so that the last character in the last character of the TLD.  tld
is two or more alpha characters.  Any preceding '//' (from splitting a URL with a scheme) will be stripped
here.  Perhaps not necessary but retained in case it is necessary for IPv4 dot decimal.

There are several tests:
	the first character of the whole domain name including subdomains must be a letter or a digit
	internationalized domain name (ASCII characters with .xn-- ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) prefix xn-- in the TLD) see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490
	single-letter/digit second-level domains in the .org, .cash, and .today TLDs
	q, x, and z SL domains in the .com TLD
	i and q SL domains in the .net TLD
	single-letter SL domains in the ccTLDs (where the ccTLD is two letters)
	two-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
	three-plus-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
	IPv4 dot-decimal address format; TLD not allowed

returns true if domain appears to be a proper name and TLD or IPv4 address, else false

]=]

local function is_domain_name (domain)
	if not domain then
		return false;															-- if not set, abandon
	end
	
	domain = domain:gsub ('^//', '');											-- strip '//' from domain name if present; done here so we only have to do it once

	local sl_domain = domain:match ('[^%.]+') or domain;						-- test the second level domain name
	if not (sl_domain:match ('^%w') and sl_domain:match ('%w$') and				-- first and last characters must be letter or digit
		sl_domain:match ('^[%w%-]+$')) then										-- all other characters must be letters, digits, or hyphen-minus
			return false;
	end

	if domain:match ('^%a+:') then												-- hack to detect things that look like s:Page:Title where Page: is namespace at Wikisource
		return false;
	end

	local patterns = {															-- patterns that look like URLs
		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.%a%a+$',										-- three or more character hostname.hostname or hostname.tld
		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.xn%-%-[%w]+$',									-- internationalized domain name with ACE prefix
		'%f[%a][qxz]%.com$',													-- assigned one character .com hostname (x.com times out 2015-12-10)
		'%f[%a][iq]%.net$',														-- assigned one character .net hostname (q.net registered but not active 2015-12-10)
		'%f[%w][%w]%.%a%a$',													-- one character hostname and ccTLD (2 chars)
		'%f[%w][%w][%w]%.%a%a+$',												-- two character hostname and TLD
		'^%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?',								-- IPv4 address
		'[%a%d]+%:?'                                                            -- IPv6 address
		}

	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- loop through the patterns list
		if domain:match (pattern) then
			return true;														-- if a match then we think that this thing that purports to be a URL is a URL
		end
	end

	for _, d in ipairs (cfg.single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t) do					-- look for single letter second level domain names for these top level domains
		if domain:match ('%f[%w][%w]%.' .. d) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false;																-- no matches, we don't know what this thing is
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

returns true if the scheme and domain parts of a URL appear to be a valid URL; else false.

This function is the last step in the validation process.  This function is separate because there are cases that
are not covered by split_url(), for example is_parameter_ext_wikilink() which is looking for bracketted external
wikilinks.

]]

local function is_url (scheme, domain)
	if utilities.is_set (scheme) then											-- if scheme is set check it and domain
		return is_scheme (scheme) and is_domain_name (domain);
	else
		return is_domain_name (domain);											-- scheme not set when URL is protocol-relative
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S P L I T _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Split a URL into a scheme, authority indicator, and domain.

First remove Fully Qualified Domain Name terminator (a dot following TLD) (if any) and any path(/), query(?) or fragment(#).

If protocol-relative URL, return nil scheme and domain else return nil for both scheme and domain.

When not protocol-relative, get scheme, authority indicator, and domain.  If there is an authority indicator (one
or more '/' characters immediately following the scheme's colon), make sure that there are only 2.

Any URL that does not have news: scheme must have authority indicator (//).  TODO: are there other common schemes
like news: that don't use authority indicator?

Strip off any port and path;

]]

local function split_url (url_str)
	local scheme, authority, domain;
	
	url_str = url_str:gsub ('([%a%d])%.?[/%?#].*$', '%1');						-- strip FQDN terminator and path(/), query(?), fragment (#) (the capture prevents false replacement of '//')

	if url_str:match ('^//%S*') then											-- if there is what appears to be a protocol-relative URL
		domain = url_str:match ('^//(%S*)')
	elseif url_str:match ('%S-:/*%S+') then										-- if there is what appears to be a scheme, optional authority indicator, and domain name
		scheme, authority, domain = url_str:match ('(%S-:)(/*)(%S+)');			-- extract the scheme, authority indicator, and domain portions
		if utilities.is_set (authority) then
			authority = authority:gsub ('//', '', 1);							-- replace place 1 pair of '/' with nothing;
			if utilities.is_set(authority) then									-- if anything left (1 or 3+ '/' where authority should be) then
				return scheme;													-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message
			end
		else
			if not scheme:match ('^news:') then									-- except for news:..., MediaWiki won't link URLs that do not have authority indicator; TODO: a better way to do this test?
				return scheme;													-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message
			end
		end
		domain = domain:gsub ('(%a):%d+', '%1');								-- strip port number if present
	end
	
	return scheme, domain;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I N K _ P A R A M _ O K &gt;---------------------------------------------------

checks the content of |title-link=, |series-link=, |author-link=, etc. for properly formatted content: no wikilinks, no URLs

Link parameters are to hold the title of a Wikipedia article, so none of the WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS are allowed:
	# &lt; &gt; [ ] | { } _
except the underscore which is used as a space in wiki URLs and # which is used for section links

returns false when the value contains any of these characters.

When there are no illegal characters, this function returns TRUE if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL (the
|&lt;param&gt;-link= parameter is ok); else false when value appears to be a valid URL (the |&lt;param&gt;-link= parameter is NOT ok).

]]

local function link_param_ok (value)
	local scheme, domain;
	if value:find ('[&lt;&gt;%[%]|{}]') then                                          -- if any prohibited characters
		return false;
	end

	scheme, domain = split_url (value);											-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL; 
	return not is_url (scheme, domain);											-- return true if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I N K _ T I T L E _ O K &gt;---------------------------------------------------

Use link_param_ok() to validate |&lt;param&gt;-link= value and its matching |&lt;title&gt;= value.

|&lt;title&gt;= may be wiki-linked but not when |&lt;param&gt;-link= has a value.  This function emits an error message when
that condition exists

check &lt;link&gt; for inter-language interwiki-link prefix.  prefix must be a MediaWiki-recognized language
code and must begin with a colon.

]]

local function link_title_ok (link, lorig, title, torig)
	local orig;
	if utilities.is_set (link) then 											-- don't bother if &lt;param&gt;-link doesn't have a value
		if not link_param_ok (link) then										-- check |&lt;param&gt;-link= markup
			orig = lorig;														-- identify the failing link parameter
		elseif title:find ('%[%[') then											-- check |title= for wikilink markup
			orig = torig;														-- identify the failing |title= parameter
		elseif link:match ('^%a+:') then										-- if the link is what looks like an interwiki
			local prefix = link:match ('^(%a+):'):lower();						-- get the interwiki prefix

			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix] then									-- if prefix is in the map, must have preceding colon
				orig = lorig;													-- flag as error
			end
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (orig) then
		link = '';																-- unset
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', orig);						-- URL or wikilink in |title= with |title-link=;
	end
	
	return link;																-- link if ok, empty string else
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether a URL string appears to be valid.

First we test for space characters.  If any are found, return false.  Then split the URL into scheme and domain
portions, or for protocol-relative (//example.com) URLs, just the domain.  Use is_url() to validate the two
portions of the URL.  If both are valid, or for protocol-relative if domain is valid, return true, else false.

Because it is different from a standard URL, and because this module used external_link() to make external links
that work for standard and news: links, we validate newsgroup names here.  The specification for a newsgroup name
is at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.4

]]

local function check_url( url_str )
	if nil == url_str:match (&quot;^%S+$&quot;) then										-- if there are any spaces in |url=value it can't be a proper URL
		return false;
	end
	local scheme, domain;

	scheme, domain = split_url (url_str);										-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL;
	
	if 'news:' == scheme then													-- special case for newsgroups
		return domain:match('^[%a%d%+%-_]+%.[%a%d%+%-_%.]*[%a%d%+%-_]$');
	end
	
	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid URL
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ P A R A M E T E R _ E X T _ W I K I L I N K &gt;----------------------------

Return true if a parameter value has a string that begins and ends with square brackets [ and ] and the first
non-space characters following the opening bracket appear to be a URL.  The test will also find external wikilinks
that use protocol-relative URLs. Also finds bare URLs.

The frontier pattern prevents a match on interwiki-links which are similar to scheme:path URLs.  The tests that
find bracketed URLs are required because the parameters that call this test (currently |title=, |chapter=, |work=,
and |publisher=) may have wikilinks and there are articles or redirects like '//Hus' so, while uncommon, |title=[[//Hus]]
is possible as might be [[en://Hus]].

]=]

local function is_parameter_ext_wikilink (value)
local scheme, domain;

	if value:match ('%f[%[]%[%a%S*:%S+.*%]') then								-- if ext. wikilink with scheme and domain: [xxxx://yyyyy.zzz]
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(%a%S*:%S+).*%]'));
	elseif value:match ('%f[%[]%[//%S+.*%]') then								-- if protocol-relative ext. wikilink: [//yyyyy.zzz]
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(//%S+).*%]'));
	elseif value:match ('%a%S*:%S+') then										-- if bare URL with scheme; may have leading or trailing plain text
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(%a%S*:%S+)'));
	elseif value:match ('^//%S+') or value:match ('%s//%S+') then				-- if protocol-relative bare URL: //yyyyy.zzz; authority indicator (//) must be be preceded nothing or by whitespace
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(//%S+)'));					-- what is left should be the domain
	else
		return false;															-- didn't find anything that is obviously a URL
	end

	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid URL
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ A R C H I V E _ T O D A Y _ U R L &gt;--------------------------------------

archive.today (and .ph, .is, .md, .li, .fo, .vn) are deprecated.  See Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5
(Special:Permalink/1339352976)

&lt;val&gt; is a string that may or may not be a url

]]

local function is_archive_today_url (val)
	if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (val) then										-- is &lt;val&gt; a url?
		local tld = val:match ('archive%.(%l+)/');								-- get the tld; real archive.today urls have a '/' after the tld
		return tld and cfg.archive_today_tlds_t[tld];							-- return true if &lt;tld&gt; is one of the archive.today tlds; nil else
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ A R C H I V E _ T O D A Y _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------

blank any parameter that holds one of the archive.today tlds (.today, .ph, .is, .md, .li, .fo, .vn) and also 
blank parameters that are dependent on the offending parameter.

input &lt;cite_args_t&gt; is a table of all of this template's parameters  This function modifies &lt;cite_args_t&gt;
when |url= or its alias |URL= hold an archive.today url, this function sets the flag &lt;url_was_archive_today&gt;
which is used later to suppress the missing url error message from {{citation}} when it has |website=&lt;summat&gt;
or from the templates {{cite web}}, {{cite podcast}}, {{cite mailing list}} which all require a url.

returns nothing

]]

local function has_archive_today_url (cite_args_t)
	local unset_params_t = {};													-- to hold a sequence of parameters to unset from cite_args_t

	for p, v in pairs (cite_args_t) do											-- look at each parameter in the template
		if is_archive_today_url (v:lower()) then								-- if it has a parameter with an archive.today url
			table.insert (unset_params_t, p);									-- add the url-holding parameter name to our list of parameters to unset (may or may not be a legitimate url parameter)
			if 'url' == p:lower() then											-- if this parameter is |url= or |URL=
				url_was_archive_today = true;									-- set a flag so that cite web / podcast / mailinglist don't emit a missing url error message
			end

			if p:match ('archive%-?url') and ('usurped' == cite_args_t['url-status'] or 'unfit' == cite_args_t['url-status']) then	-- if |archive-url=archive.today and |url-status=unfit/usurped
				url_was_archive_today = true;									-- set a flag so that cite web / podcast / mailinglist don't emit a missing url error message
				table.insert (unset_params_t, 'url');							-- add the url parameter name to our list of parameters to unset (may or may not be a legitimate url parameter)
				table.insert (unset_params_t, 'URL');							-- this one because both are possible
			end

			if cfg.dependencies_t[p] then										-- if this url-holding parameter (&lt;p&gt;) has dependencies
				for _, dependent in ipairs (cfg.dependencies_t[p]) do			-- loop through the url-holding parameter's dependency sequence
					table.insert (unset_params_t, dependent);					-- add dependent parameter to the list to be unset
				end
			end
		end
	end		

	if 0 &lt; #unset_params_t then													-- when there are parameters to unset
		if not is_preview_mode then												-- when in preview mode do not suppress any parameters
			for _, unset_param in ipairs (unset_params_t) do					-- loop through the sequence
				cite_args_t[unset_param] = nil;									-- and unset the url-holding parameter and its dependent parameters to avoid parameter-requires-other-parameter errors
			end
		end
		
		utilities.set_message ('maint_deprecated_archive');						-- add a maintenance message
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ F O R _ U R L &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

loop through a list of parameters and their values.  Look at the value and if it has an external link, emit an error message.

]]

local function check_for_url (parameter_list, error_list)
	for k, v in pairs (parameter_list) do										-- for each parameter in the list
		if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (v) then									-- look at the value; if there is a URL add an error message
			table.insert (error_list, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k));
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ F O R _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions

]]

local function safe_for_url( str )
	if str:match( &quot;%[%[.-%]%]&quot; ) ~= nil then 
		utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url', {});
	end
	
	return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {	
		['['] = '&amp;#91;',
		[']'] = '&amp;#93;',
		['\n'] = ' ' } );
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T E R N A L _ L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Format an external link with error checking

]]

local function external_link (URL, label, source, access)
	local domain;
	local path;
	local base_url;

	if not utilities.is_set (label) then
		label = URL;
		if utilities.is_set (source) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_bare_url_missing_title', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});
		else
			error (cfg.messages[&quot;bare_url_no_origin&quot;]);							-- programmer error; valid parameter name does not have matching meta-parameter
		end			
	end
	if not check_url (URL) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});
	end
	
	domain, path = URL:match ('^([/%.%-%+:%a%d]+)([/%?#].*)$');					-- split the URL into scheme plus domain and path
	if path then																-- if there is a path portion
		path = path:gsub ('[%[%]]', {['['] = '%5b', [']'] = '%5d'});			-- replace '[' and ']' with their percent-encoded values
		URL = table.concat ({domain, path});									-- and reassemble
	end

	base_url = table.concat ({ &quot;[&quot;, URL, &quot; &quot;, safe_for_url (label), &quot;]&quot; });		-- assemble a wiki-markup URL

	if utilities.is_set (access) then											-- access level (subscription, registration, limited)
		base_url = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[access].class, cfg.presentation[access].title, base_url});	-- add the appropriate icon
	end

	return base_url;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D E P R E C A T E D _ P A R A M E T E R &gt;--------------------------------------

Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters.  The function includes the
offending parameter name to the error message.  Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated
parameters in the citation.

added_deprecated_cat is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above

]]

local function deprecated_parameter(name)
	if not added_deprecated_cat then
		added_deprecated_cat = true;											-- note that we've added this category
		utilities.set_message ('err_deprecated_params', {name});				-- add error message
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; K E R N _ Q U O T E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the module and a leading or trailing quote
mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value.

This function will positive kern either single or double quotes:
	&quot;'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'&quot;
	&quot; 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' &quot; (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example)
Double single quotes (italic or bold wiki-markup) are not kerned.

Replaces Unicode quote marks in plain text or in the label portion of a [[L|D]] style wikilink with typewriter
quote marks regardless of the need for kerning.  Unicode quote marks are not replaced in simple [[D]] wikilinks.

Call this function for chapter titles, for website titles, etc.; not for book titles.

]=]

local function kern_quotes (str)
	local wl_type, label, link;

	wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (str);							-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]]
	
	if 1 == wl_type then														-- [[D]] simple wikilink with or without quote marks
		if mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\&quot;“”\'‘’].+[\&quot;“”\'‘’]%]%]') then		-- leading and trailing quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str);
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str);
		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\&quot;“”\'‘’].+%]%]')	then			-- leading quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str);
		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[.+[\&quot;“”\'‘’]%]%]') then				-- trailing quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str);
		end

	else																		-- plain text or [[L|D]]; text in label variable
		label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[“”]', '\&quot;');							-- replace “” (U+201C &amp; U+201D) with &quot; (typewriter double quote mark)
		label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[‘’]', '\'');							-- replace ‘’ (U+2018 &amp; U+2019) with ' (typewriter single quote mark)

		local cap = mw.ustring.match (label, &quot;^([\&quot;\'][^\'].+)&quot;);				-- match leading double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup)
		if utilities.is_set (cap) then
			label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], cap);
		end
	
		cap = mw.ustring.match (label, &quot;^(.+[^\'][\&quot;\'])$&quot;)						-- match trailing double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup)
		if utilities.is_set (cap) then
			label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], cap);
		end
		
		if 2 == wl_type then
			str = utilities.make_wikilink (link, label);						-- reassemble the wikilink
		else
			str = label;
		end
	end
	return str;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ S C R I P T _ V A L U E &gt;----------------------------------------

|script-title= holds title parameters that are not written in Latin-based scripts: Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, etc. These scripts should
not be italicized and may be written right-to-left.  The value supplied by |script-title= is concatenated onto Title after Title has been wrapped
in italic markup.

Regardless of language, all values provided by |script-title= are wrapped in &lt;bdi&gt;...&lt;/bdi&gt; tags to isolate RTL languages from the English left to right.

|script-title= provides a unique feature.  The value in |script-title= may be prefixed with a two-character ISO 639-1 language code and a colon:
	|script-title=ja:*** *** (where * represents a Japanese character)
Spaces between the two-character code and the colon and the colon and the first script character are allowed:
	|script-title=ja : *** ***
	|script-title=ja: *** ***
	|script-title=ja :*** ***
Spaces preceding the prefix are allowed: |script-title = ja:*** ***

The prefix is checked for validity.  If it is a valid ISO 639-1 language code, the lang attribute (lang=&quot;ja&quot;) is added to the &lt;bdi&gt; tag so that browsers can
know the language the tag contains.  This may help the browser render the script more correctly.  If the prefix is invalid, the lang attribute
is not added.  At this time there is no error message for this condition.

Supports |script-title=, |script-chapter=, |script-&lt;periodical&gt;=

]]

local function format_script_value (script_value, script_param)
	local lang='';																-- initialize to empty string
	local name;
	if script_value:match('^%l%l%l?%s*:') then									-- if first 3 or 4 non-space characters are script language prefix
		lang = script_value:match('^(%l%l%l?)%s*:%s*%S.*');						-- get the language prefix or nil if there is no script
		if not utilities.is_set (lang) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing title part']});		-- prefix without 'title'; add error message
			return '';															-- script_value was just the prefix so return empty string
		end
																				-- if we get this far we have prefix and script
		name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang] or mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, cfg.this_wiki_code );	-- get language name so that we can use it to categorize
		if utilities.is_set (name) then											-- is prefix a proper ISO 639-1 language code?
			script_value = script_value:gsub ('^%l+%s*:%s*', '');				-- strip prefix from script
																				-- is prefix one of these language codes?
			if utilities.in_array (lang, cfg.script_lang_codes) then
				utilities.add_prop_cat ('script', {name, lang})
			else
				utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['unknown language code']});	-- unknown script-language; add error message
			end
			lang = ' lang=&quot;' .. lang .. '&quot; ';									-- convert prefix into a lang attribute
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['invalid language code']});		-- invalid language code; add error message
			lang = '';															-- invalid so set lang to empty string
		end
	else
		utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing prefix']});				-- no language code prefix; add error message
	end
	script_value = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {lang, script_value});	-- isolate in case script is RTL

	return script_value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S C R I P T _ C O N C A T E N A T E &gt;------------------------------------------

Initially for |title= and |script-title=, this function concatenates those two parameter values after the script
value has been wrapped in &lt;bdi&gt; tags.

]]

local function script_concatenate (title, script, script_param)
	if utilities.is_set (script) then
		script = format_script_value (script, script_param);					-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; returns empty string on error
		if utilities.is_set (script) then
			title = title .. ' ' .. script;										-- concatenate title and script title
		end
	end
	return title;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; W R A P _ M S G &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Applies additional message text to various parameter values. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list
configuration taking one argument.  Supports lower case text for {{citation}} templates.  Additional text taken
from citation_config.messages - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_style().

]]

local function wrap_msg (key, str, lower)
	if not utilities.is_set ( str ) then
		return &quot;&quot;;
	end
	if true == lower then
		local msg;
		msg = cfg.messages[key]:lower();										-- set the message to lower case before 
		return utilities.substitute ( msg, str );								-- including template text
	else
		return utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages[key], str );
	end		
end


--[[----------------&lt; W I K I S O U R C E _ U R L _ M A K E &gt;-------------------

Makes a Wikisource URL from Wikisource interwiki-link.  Returns the URL and appropriate
label; nil else.

str is the value assigned to |chapter= (or aliases) or |title= or |title-link=

]]

local function wikisource_url_make (str)
	local wl_type, D, L;
	local ws_url, ws_label;
	local wikisource_prefix = table.concat ({'https://', cfg.this_wiki_code, '.wikisource.org/wiki/'});

	wl_type, D, L = utilities.is_wikilink (str);								-- wl_type is 0 (not a wikilink), 1 (simple wikilink), 2 (complex wikilink)

	if 0 == wl_type then														-- not a wikilink; might be from |title-link=
		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title
				});
			ws_label = str;														-- label for the URL
		end
	elseif 1 == wl_type then													-- simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article]]
		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title
				});
			ws_label = str;														-- label for the URL
		end
	elseif 2 == wl_type then													-- non-so-simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article|displayed text]] ([[L|D]])
		str = L:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or L:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_label = D;														-- get ws article name from display portion of interwiki link
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title without namespace from link portion of wikilink
				});
		end
	end

	if ws_url then
		ws_url = mw.uri.encode (ws_url, 'WIKI');								-- make a usable URL
		ws_url = ws_url:gsub ('%%23', '#');										-- undo percent-encoding of fragment marker
	end

	return ws_url, ws_label, L or D;											-- return proper URL or nil and a label or nil
end


--[[----------------&lt; F O R M A T _ P E R I O D I C A L &gt;-----------------------

Format the three periodical parameters: |script-&lt;periodical&gt;=, |&lt;periodical&gt;=,
and |trans-&lt;periodical&gt;= into a single Periodical meta-parameter.

]]

local function format_periodical (script_periodical, script_periodical_source, periodical, trans_periodical)

	if not utilities.is_set (periodical) then
		periodical = '';														-- to be safe for concatenation
	else
		periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', periodical);			-- style 
	end

	periodical = script_concatenate (periodical, script_periodical, script_periodical_source);	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped

	if utilities.is_set (trans_periodical) then
		trans_periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', trans_periodical);
		if utilities.is_set (periodical) then
			periodical = periodical .. ' ' .. trans_periodical;
		else																	-- here when trans-periodical without periodical or script-periodical
			periodical = trans_periodical;
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'periodical'});
		end
	end

	return periodical;
end


--[[------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ C H A P T E R _ T I T L E &gt;---------------

Format the four chapter parameters: |script-chapter=, |chapter=, |trans-chapter=,
and |chapter-url= into a single chapter meta- parameter (chapter_url_source used
for error messages).

]]

local function format_chapter_title (script_chapter, script_chapter_source, chapter, trans_chapter, trans_chapter_source, chapter_url, chapter_url_source, no_quotes, access)
	local ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (chapter);					-- make a wikisource URL and label from a wikisource interwiki link
	if ws_url then
		ws_label = ws_label:gsub ('_', ' ');									-- replace underscore separators with space characters
		chapter = ws_label;
	end

	if not utilities.is_set (chapter) then
		chapter = '';															-- to be safe for concatenation
	else
		if false == no_quotes then
			chapter = kern_quotes (chapter);									-- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks
			chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', chapter);
		end
	end

	chapter = script_concatenate (chapter, script_chapter, script_chapter_source);	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped

	if utilities.is_set (chapter_url) then
		chapter = external_link (chapter_url, chapter, chapter_url_source, access);	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate
	elseif ws_url then
		chapter = external_link (ws_url, chapter .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in chapter');	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate; space char to move icon away from chap text; TODO: better way to do this?
		chapter = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, chapter});				
	end

	if utilities.is_set (trans_chapter) then
		trans_chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_chapter);
		if utilities.is_set (chapter) then
			chapter = chapter .. ' ' .. trans_chapter;
		else																	-- here when trans_chapter without chapter or script-chapter
			chapter = trans_chapter;
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {trans_chapter_source:match ('trans%-?(.+)')});	-- when no chapter, get matching name from trans-&lt;param&gt;
		end
	end

	return chapter;
end


--[[----------------&lt; H A S _ I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R S &gt;-------------------

This function searches a parameter's value for non-printable or invisible characters.
The search stops at the first match.

This function will detect the visible replacement character when it is part of the Wikisource.

Detects but ignores nowiki and math stripmarkers.  Also detects other named stripmarkers
(gallery, math, pre, ref) and identifies them with a slightly different error message.
See also coins_cleanup().

Output of this function is an error message that identifies the character or the
Unicode group, or the stripmarker that was detected along with its position (or,
for multi-byte characters, the position of its first byte) in the parameter value.

]]

local function has_invisible_chars (param, v)
	local position;																-- position of invisible char or starting position of stripmarker
	local capture;																-- used by stripmarker detection to hold name of the stripmarker
	local stripmarker;															-- boolean set true when a stripmarker is found

	capture = string.match (v, '[%w%p ]*');										-- test for values that are simple ASCII text and bypass other tests if true
	if capture == v then														-- if same there are no Unicode characters
		return;
	end

	for _, invisible_char in ipairs (cfg.invisible_chars) do
		local char_name = invisible_char[1];									-- the character or group name
		local pattern = invisible_char[2];										-- the pattern used to find it
		position, _, capture = mw.ustring.find (v, pattern);					-- see if the parameter value contains characters that match the pattern
		
		if position and (cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then				-- if we found a zero-width joiner character
			if mw.ustring.find (v, cfg.indic_script) then						-- it's ok if one of the Indic scripts
				position = nil;													-- unset position
			elseif cfg.emoji_t[mw.ustring.codepoint (v, position+1)] then		-- is zwj followed by a character listed in emoji{}?
				position = nil;													-- unset position
			end
		end
		
		if position then
			if 'nowiki' == capture or 'math' == capture or						-- nowiki and math stripmarkers (not an error condition)
				('templatestyles' == capture and utilities.in_array (param, {'id', 'quote'})) then	-- templatestyles stripmarker allowed in these parameters
					stripmarker = true;											-- set a flag
			elseif true == stripmarker and cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture then	-- because stripmakers begin and end with the delete char, assume that we've found one end of a stripmarker
				position = nil;													-- unset; for now, ignore linter warning
			else
				local err_msg;
				if capture and not (cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture or cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then
					err_msg = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.invisible_1, {capture, char_name});	-- &lt;capture&gt; here is stripmarker name
				else
					err_msg = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.invisible_2, char_name);
				end

				utilities.set_message ('err_invisible_char', {err_msg, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param), position});	-- add error message
				return;															-- and done with this parameter
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[-------------------&lt; A R G U M E N T _ W R A P P E R &gt;----------------------

Argument wrapper.  This function provides support for argument mapping defined
in the configuration file so that multiple names can be transparently aliased to
single internal variable.

]]

local function argument_wrapper ( args )
	local origin = {};
	
	return setmetatable({
		ORIGIN = function ( self, k )
			local dummy = self[k];												-- force the variable to be loaded; for now, ignore linter warning
			return origin[k];
		end
	},
	{
		__index = function ( tbl, k )
			if origin[k] ~= nil then
				return nil;
			end
			
			local v;
			local list = cfg.aliases[k];
			
			if type( list ) == 'table' then
				v, origin[k] = utilities.select_one ( args, list, 'err_redundant_parameters' );
				if origin[k] == nil then
					origin[k] = '';												-- Empty string, not nil
				end
			elseif list ~= nil then
				v, origin[k] = args[list], list;
			else
				-- maybe let through instead of raising an error?
				-- v, origin[k] = args[k], k;
				error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] .. ': ' .. k);
			end
			
			-- Empty strings, not nil;
			if v == nil then
				v = '';
				origin[k] = '';
			end
			
--			tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v );
			rawset( tbl, k, v );
			return v;
		end,
	});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N O W R A P _ D A T E &gt;-------------------------

When date is YYYY-MM-DD format wrap in nowrap span: &lt;span ...&gt;YYYY-MM-DD&lt;/span&gt;.
When date is DD MMMM YYYY or is MMMM DD, YYYY then wrap in nowrap span:
&lt;span ...&gt;DD MMMM&lt;/span&gt; YYYY or &lt;span ...&gt;MMMM DD,&lt;/span&gt; YYYY

DOES NOT yet support MMMM YYYY or any of the date ranges.

]]

local function nowrap_date (date)
	local cap;
	local cap2;

	if date:match(&quot;^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$&quot;) then
		date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap1'], date);
	
	elseif date:match(&quot;^%a+%s*%d%d?,%s+%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or date:match (&quot;^%d%d?%s*%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$&quot;) then
		cap, cap2 = string.match (date, &quot;^(.*)%s+(%d%d%d%d)$&quot;);
		date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap2'], {cap, cap2});
	end
	
	return date;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ T I T L E T Y P E &gt;---------------------

This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including
|type=&lt;default value&gt;) for those templates that have defaults. Also handles the
special case where it is desirable to omit the title type from the rendered citation
(|type=none).

]]

local function set_titletype (cite_class, title_type)
	if utilities.is_set (title_type) then
		if 'none' == cfg.keywords_xlate[title_type] then
			title_type = '';													-- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed
		end
		return title_type;														-- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value
	end

	return cfg.title_types [cite_class] or '';									-- set template's default title type; else empty string for concatenation
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ J O I N &gt;-----------------------------

Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters.

]]

local function safe_join( tbl, duplicate_char )
	local f = {};																-- create a function table appropriate to type of 'duplicate character'
		if 1 == #duplicate_char then											-- for single byte ASCII characters use the string library functions
			f.gsub = string.gsub
			f.match = string.match
			f.sub = string.sub
		else																	-- for multi-byte characters use the ustring library functions
			f.gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
			f.match = mw.ustring.match
			f.sub = mw.ustring.sub
		end

	local str = '';																-- the output string
	for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
		if value == nil then value = ''; end
		
		if str == '' then														-- if output string is empty
			str = value;														-- assign value to it (first time through the loop)
		elseif value ~= '' then
			local comp;															-- what does 'comp' mean?
			if value:sub(1, 1) == '&lt;' then										-- special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
				comp = value:gsub( &quot;%b&lt;&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot; );								-- remove HTML markup (&lt;span&gt;string&lt;/span&gt; -&gt; string)
			else
				comp = value;
			end
																				-- typically duplicate_char is sepc
			if f.sub(comp, 1, 1) == duplicate_char then							-- is first character same as duplicate_char? why test first character?
																				--   Because individual string segments often (always?) begin with terminal punct for the
																				--   preceding segment: 'First element' .. 'sepc next element' .. etc.?
				local trim = false;
				local end_chr = f.sub(str, -1, -1);								-- get the last character of the output string
				-- str = str .. &quot;&lt;HERE(enchr=&quot; .. end_chr .. &quot;)&quot;				-- debug stuff?
				if end_chr == duplicate_char then								-- if same as separator
					str = f.sub(str, 1, -2);									-- remove it
				elseif end_chr == &quot;'&quot; then										-- if it might be wiki-markup
					if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;''&quot; then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc'' 
						str = f.sub(str, 1, -4) .. &quot;''&quot;;						-- remove them and add back ''
					elseif  f.sub(str, -5, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]]''&quot; then	-- if last five chars of str are sepc]]'' 
						trim = true;											-- why? why do this and next differently from previous?
					elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]''&quot; then	-- if last four chars of str are sepc]'' 
						trim = true;											-- same question
					end
				elseif end_chr == &quot;]&quot; then										-- if it might be wiki-markup
					if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]]&quot; then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc]] wikilink 
						trim = true;
					elseif f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. '&quot;]' then	-- if last three chars of str are sepc&quot;] quoted external link 
						trim = true;
					elseif  f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]&quot; then	-- if last two chars of str are sepc] external link
						trim = true;
					elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;'']&quot; then	-- normal case when |url=something &amp; |title=Title.
						trim = true;
					end
				elseif end_chr == &quot; &quot; then										-- if last char of output string is a space
					if f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot; &quot; then			-- if last two chars of str are &lt;sepc&gt;&lt;space&gt;
						str = f.sub(str, 1, -3);								-- remove them both
					end
				end

				if trim then
					if value ~= comp then 										-- value does not equal comp when value contains HTML markup
						local dup2 = duplicate_char;
						if f.match(dup2, &quot;%A&quot; ) then dup2 = &quot;%&quot; .. dup2; end	-- if duplicate_char not a letter then escape it
						
						value = f.gsub(value, &quot;(%b&lt;&gt;)&quot; .. dup2, &quot;%1&quot;, 1 )		-- remove duplicate_char if it follows HTML markup
					else
						value = f.sub(value, 2, -1 );							-- remove duplicate_char when it is first character
					end
				end
			end
			str = str .. value; 												-- add it to the output string
		end
	end
	return str;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S U F F I X &gt;-----------------------------

returns true if suffix is properly formed Jr, Sr, or ordinal in the range 1–9.
Puncutation not allowed.

]]

local function is_suffix (suffix)
	if utilities.in_array (suffix, {'Jr', 'Sr', 'Jnr', 'Snr', '1st', '2nd', '3rd'}) or suffix:match ('^%dth$') then
		return true;
	end
	return false;
end


--[[--------------------&lt; I S _ G O O D _ V A N C _ N A M E &gt;-------------------

For Vancouver style, author/editor names are supposed to be rendered in Latin
(read ASCII) characters.  When a name uses characters that contain diacritical
marks, those characters are to be converted to the corresponding Latin
character. When a name is written using a non-Latin alphabet or logogram, that
name is to be transliterated into Latin characters. The module doesn't do this
so editors may/must.

This test allows |first= and |last= names to contain any of the letters defined
in the four Unicode Latin character sets
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf C0 Controls and Basic Latin] 0041–005A, 0061–007A
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement] 00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf Latin Extended-A] 0100–017F
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf Latin Extended-B] 0180–01BF, 01C4–024F

|lastn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, and apostrophes.
	(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
|firstn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, apostrophes, and periods

This original test:
	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, &quot;^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%']*$&quot;)
	or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, &quot;^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%'%.]+[2-6%a]*$&quot;) then
was written outside of the code editor and pasted here because the code editor
gets confused between character insertion point and cursor position. The test has
been rewritten to use decimal character escape sequence for the individual bytes
of the Unicode characters so that it is not necessary to use an external editor
to maintain this code.

	\195\128-\195\150 – À-Ö (U+00C0–U+00D6 – C0 controls)
	\195\152-\195\182 – Ø-ö (U+00D8-U+00F6 – C0 controls)
	\195\184-\198\191 – ø-ƿ (U+00F8-U+01BF – C0 controls, Latin extended A &amp; B)
	\199\132-\201\143 – Ǆ-ɏ (U+01C4-U+024F – Latin extended B)

]]

local function is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, position)
	if not suffix then
		if first:find ('[,%s]') then											-- when there is a space or comma, might be first name/initials + generational suffix
			first = first:match ('(.-)[,%s]+');									-- get name/initials
			suffix = first:match ('[,%s]+(.+)$');								-- get generational suffix
		end
	end
	if utilities.is_set (suffix) then
		if not is_suffix (suffix) then
			add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position);
			return false;														-- not a name with an appropriate suffix
		end
	end
	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, &quot;^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%']*$&quot;) or
		nil == mw.ustring.find (first, &quot;^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%'%.]*$&quot;) then
			add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['non-Latin char'], position);
			return false;														-- not a string of Latin characters; Vancouver requires Romanization
	end;
	return true;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R E D U C E _ T O _ I N I T I A L S &gt;------------------------------------------

Attempts to convert names to initials in support of |name-list-style=vanc.  

Names in |firstn= may be separated by spaces or hyphens, or for initials, a period.
See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35062/.

Vancouver style requires family rank designations (Jr, II, III, etc.) to be rendered
as Jr, 2nd, 3rd, etc.  See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35085/.
This code only accepts and understands generational suffix in the Vancouver format
because Roman numerals look like, and can be mistaken for, initials.

This function uses ustring functions because firstname initials may be any of the
Unicode Latin characters accepted by is_good_vanc_name ().

]]

local function reduce_to_initials (first, position)
	if first:find (',', 1, true) then
		return first;															-- commas not allowed; abandon
	end

	local name, suffix = mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^(%u+) ([%dJS][%drndth]+)$&quot;);

	if not name then															-- if not initials and a suffix
		name = mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^(%u+)$&quot;);								-- is it just initials?
	end

	if name then																-- if first is initials with or without suffix
		if 3 &gt; mw.ustring.len (name) then										-- if one or two initials
			if suffix then														-- if there is a suffix
				if is_suffix (suffix) then										-- is it legitimate?
					return first;												-- one or two initials and a valid suffix so nothing to do
				else
					add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position);			-- one or two initials with invalid suffix so error message
					return first;												-- and return first unmolested
				end
			else
				return first;													-- one or two initials without suffix; nothing to do
			end
		end
	end																			-- if here then name has 3 or more uppercase letters so treat them as a word

	local initials_t = {};														-- table to hold initials
	local i = 1;																-- counter for number of initials

	local names_t = mw.text.split (first, '[%s%-]+');							-- split into a sequence of names and possible suffix

	while names_t[i] do															-- loop through the sequence
		if 1 &lt; i and names_t[i]:match ('[%dJS][%drndth]+%.?$') then				-- if not the first name, and looks like a suffix (may have trailing dot)
			names_t[i] = names_t[i]:gsub ('%.', '');							-- remove terminal dot if present
			if is_suffix (names_t[i]) then										-- if a legitimate suffix
				table.insert (initials_t, ' ' .. names_t[i]);					-- add a separator space, insert at end of initials sequence
				break;															-- and done because suffix must fall at the end of a name
			end																	-- no error message if not a suffix; possibly because of Romanization
		end
		if 3 &gt; i then
			table.insert (initials_t, mw.ustring.sub (names_t[i], 1, 1));		-- insert the initial at end of initials sequence
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- bump the counter
	end
			
	return table.concat (initials_t);											-- Vancouver format does not include spaces.
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N T E R W I K I _ P R E F I X E N _ G E T &gt;----------------------------------

extract interwiki prefixen from &lt;value&gt;.  Returns two one or two values:
	false – no prefixen
	nil – prefix exists but not recognized
	project prefix, language prefix – when value has either of:
		:&lt;project&gt;:&lt;language&gt;:&lt;article&gt;
		:&lt;language&gt;:&lt;project&gt;:&lt;article&gt;
	project prefix, nil – when &lt;value&gt; has only a known single-letter prefix
	nil, language prefix – when &lt;value&gt; has only a known language prefix

accepts single-letter project prefixen: 'd' (wikidata), 's' (wikisource), and 'w' (wikipedia) prefixes; at this
writing, the other single-letter prefixen (b (wikibook), c (commons), m (meta), n (wikinews), q (wikiquote), and
v (wikiversity)) are not supported.

]]

local function interwiki_prefixen_get (value, is_link)
	if not value:find (':%l+:') then											-- if no prefix
		return false;															-- abandon; boolean here to distinguish from nil fail returns later
	end

	local prefix_patterns_linked_t = {											-- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen
		'^%[%[:([dsw]):(%l%l+):',												-- wikilinked; project and language prefixes
		'^%[%[:(%l%l+):([dsw]):',												-- wikilinked; language and project prefixes
		'^%[%[:([dsw]):',														-- wikilinked; project prefix
		'^%[%[:(%l%l+):',														-- wikilinked; language prefix
		}
		
	local prefix_patterns_unlinked_t = {										-- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen
		'^:([dsw]):(%l%l+):',													-- project and language prefixes
		'^:(%l%l+):([dsw]):',													-- language and project prefixes
		'^:([dsw]):',															-- project prefix
		'^:(%l%l+):',															-- language prefix
		}
	
	local cap1, cap2;
	for _, pattern in ipairs ((is_link and prefix_patterns_linked_t) or prefix_patterns_unlinked_t) do
		cap1, cap2 = value:match (pattern);
		if cap1 then
			break;																-- found a match so stop looking
		end
	end
	
	if cap1 and cap2 then														-- when both then :project:language: or :language:project: (both forms allowed)
		if 1 == #cap1 then														-- length == 1 then :project:language:
			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap2] then									-- is language prefix in the interwiki map?
				return cap1, cap2;												-- return interwiki project and interwiki language
			end
		else																	-- here when :language:project:
			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then									-- is language prefix in the interwiki map?
				return cap2, cap1;												-- return interwiki project and interwiki language
			end
		end
		return nil;																-- unknown interwiki language
	elseif not (cap1 or cap2) then												-- both are nil?
		return nil;																-- we got something that looks like a project prefix but isn't; return fail
	elseif 1 == #cap1 then														-- here when one capture
		return cap1, nil;														-- length is 1 so return project, nil language
	else																		-- here when one capture and its length it more than 1
		if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then										-- is language prefix in the interwiki map?
			return nil, cap1;													-- return nil project, language
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I S T _ P E O P L E &gt;--------------------------

Formats a list of people (authors, contributors, editors, interviewers, translators) 

names in the list will be linked when
	|&lt;name&gt;-link= has a value
	|&lt;name&gt;-mask- does NOT have a value; masked names are presumed to have been
		rendered previously so should have been linked there

when |&lt;name&gt;-mask=0, the associated name is not rendered

]]

local function list_people (control, people, etal)
	local sep;
	local namesep;
	local format = control.format;
	local maximum = control.maximum;
	local name_list = {};

	if 'vanc' == format then													-- Vancouver-like name styling?
		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl_vanc'];									-- name-list separator between names is a comma
		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name_vanc'];							-- last/first separator is a space
	else
		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl'];										-- name-list separator between names is a semicolon
		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name'];									-- last/first separator is &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
	end
	
	if sep:sub (-1, -1) ~= &quot; &quot; then sep = sep .. &quot; &quot; end
	if utilities.is_set (maximum) and maximum &lt; 1 then return &quot;&quot;, 0; end		-- returned 0 is for EditorCount; not used for other names
	
	for i, person in ipairs (people) do
		if utilities.is_set (person.last) then
			local mask = person.mask;
			local one;
			local sep_one = sep;

			if utilities.is_set (maximum) and i &gt; maximum then
				etal = true;
				break;
			end
			
			if mask then
				local n = tonumber (mask);										-- convert to a number if it can be converted; nil else
				if n then
					one = 0 ~= n and string.rep(&quot;&amp;mdash;&quot;, n) or nil;			-- make a string of (n &gt; 0) mdashes, nil else, to replace name
					person.link = nil;											-- don't create link to name if name is replaces with mdash string or has been set nil
				else
					one = mask;													-- replace name with mask text (must include name-list separator)
					sep_one = &quot; &quot;;												-- modify name-list separator
				end
			else
				one = person.last;												-- get surname
				local first = person.first										-- get given name
				if utilities.is_set (first) then
					if (&quot;vanc&quot; == format) then									-- if Vancouver format
						one = one:gsub ('%.', '');								-- remove periods from surnames (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
						if not person.corporate and is_good_vanc_name (one, first, nil, i) then		-- and name is all Latin characters; corporate authors not tested
							first = reduce_to_initials (first, i);				-- attempt to convert first name(s) to initials
						end
					end
					one = one .. namesep .. first;
				end
			end
			if utilities.is_set (person.link) then
				one = utilities.make_wikilink (person.link, one);				-- link author/editor
			end

			if one then															-- if &lt;one&gt; has a value (name, mdash replacement, or mask text replacement)
				local proj, tag = interwiki_prefixen_get (one, true);			-- get the interwiki prefixen if present
				if 'w' == proj and ('Wikipedia' == mw.site.namespaces.Project['name']) then
					proj = nil;													-- for stuff like :w:de:&lt;article&gt;, :w is unnecessary TODO: maint cat?
				end
				if proj then
					local proj_name = ({['d'] = cfg.messages.wikidata, ['s'] = cfg.messages.wikisource, ['w'] = cfg.messages.wikipedia})[proj];	-- :w (wikipedia) for linking from a non-wikipedia project
					if proj_name then 
						one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interproj', proj_name);	-- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name
						utilities.add_prop_cat ('interproj-linked-name', proj);	-- categorize it; &lt;proj&gt; is sort key
						tag = nil;												-- unset; don't do both project and language
					end
				end
				if tag == cfg.this_wiki_code then
					tag = nil;													-- stuff like :en:&lt;article&gt; at en.wiki is pointless TODO: maint cat?
				end
				if tag then
					local lang = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag] or cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag];
					if lang then												-- error messaging done in extract_names() where we know parameter names
						one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interwiki', lang);	-- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name
						utilities.add_prop_cat ('interwiki-linked-name', tag);	-- categorize it; &lt;tag&gt; is sort key
					end
				end

				table.insert (name_list, one);									-- add it to the list of names
				table.insert (name_list, sep_one);								-- add the proper name-list separator
			end
		end
	end

	local count = #name_list / 2;												-- (number of names + number of separators) divided by 2
	if 0 &lt; count then 
		if 1 &lt; count and not etal then
			if 'amp' == format then
				name_list[#name_list-2] = &quot; &amp; &quot;;								-- replace last separator with ampersand text
			elseif 'and' == format then
				if 2 == count then
					name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_and;		-- replace last separator with 'and' text
				else
					name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_end;		-- replace last separator with '(sep) and' text
				end
			end
		end
		name_list[#name_list] = nil;											-- erase the last separator
	end

	local result = table.concat (name_list);									-- construct list
	if etal and utilities.is_set (result) then									-- etal may be set by |display-authors=etal but we might not have a last-first list
		result = result .. sep .. cfg.messages['et al'];						-- we've got a last-first list and etal so add et al.
	end
	
	return result, count;														-- return name-list string and count of number of names (count used for editor names only)
end


--[[--------------------&lt; M A K E _ C I T E R E F _ I D &gt;-----------------------

Generates a CITEREF anchor ID if we have at least one name or a date.  Otherwise
returns an empty string.

namelist is one of the contributor-, author-, or editor-name lists chosen in that
order.  year is Year or anchor_year.

]]

local function make_citeref_id (namelist, year)
	local names={};							-- a table for the one to four names and year
	for i,v in ipairs (namelist) do			-- loop through the list and take up to the first four last names
		names[i] = v.last
		if i == 4 then break end			-- if four then done
	end
	table.insert (names, year);				-- add the year at the end
	local id = table.concat(names);			-- concatenate names and year for CITEREF id
	if utilities.is_set (id) then			-- if concatenation is not an empty string
		return &quot;CITEREF&quot; .. id;				-- add the CITEREF portion
	else
		return '';							-- return an empty string; no reason to include CITEREF id in this citation
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E _ C L A S S _A T T R I B U T E _M A K E &gt;------------------------------

construct &lt;cite&gt; tag class attribute for this citation.

&lt;cite_class&gt; – config.CitationClass from calling template
&lt;mode&gt; – value from |mode= parameter

]]

local function cite_class_attribute_make (cite_class, mode)
	local class_t = {};
	table.insert (class_t, 'citation');											-- required for blue highlight
	if 'citation' ~= cite_class then
		table.insert (class_t, cite_class);										-- identify this template for user css
		table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs1');		-- identify the citation style for user css or javascript
	else
		table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs2');		-- identify the citation style for user css or javascript
	end
	for _, prop_key in ipairs (z.prop_keys_t) do
		table.insert (class_t, prop_key);										-- identify various properties for user css or javascript
	end

	return table.concat (class_t, ' ');											-- make a big string and done
end


--[[---------------------&lt; N A M E _ H A S _ E T A L &gt;--------------------------

Evaluates the content of name parameters (author, editor, etc.) for variations on
the theme of et al.  If found, the et al. is removed, a flag is set to true and
the function returns the modified name and the flag.

This function never sets the flag to false but returns its previous state because
it may have been set by previous passes through this function or by the associated
|display-&lt;names&gt;=etal parameter

]]

local function name_has_etal (name, etal, nocat, param)

	if utilities.is_set (name) then												-- name can be nil in which case just return
		local patterns = cfg.et_al_patterns; 									-- get patterns from configuration
		
		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- loop through all of the patterns
			if name:match (pattern) then										-- if this 'et al' pattern is found in name
				name = name:gsub (pattern, '');									-- remove the offending text
				etal = true;													-- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-&lt;names&gt;=etal)
				if not nocat then												-- no categorization for |vauthors=
					utilities.set_message ('err_etal', {param});				-- and set an error if not added
				end
			end
		end
	end

	return name, etal;
end


--[[---------------------&lt; N A M E _ I S _ N U M E R I C &gt;----------------------

Add an error message and category when &lt;name&gt; parameter value does not contain letters.  

Add a maintenance category when &lt;name&gt; parameter value has numeric characters mixed with characters that are 
not numeric characters; could be letters and/or punctuation characters.

This function will only emit one error and one maint message for the current template.  Does not emit both error
and maint messages/categories for the same parameter value.

returns nothing

]]

local function name_is_numeric (name, name_alias, list_name)
	local patterns = {
		'^%D+%d',																-- &lt;name&gt; must have digits preceded by other characters
		'^%D*%d+%D+',															-- &lt;name&gt; must have digits followed by other characters
		}

	if not added_numeric_name_errs and mw.ustring.match (name, '^[%A]+$') then	-- if we have not already set an error message and &lt;name&gt; does not have any alpha characters
		utilities.set_message ('err_numeric_names', name_alias);				-- add an error message
		added_numeric_name_errs = true;											-- set the flag so we emit only one error message
		return;																	-- when here no point in further testing; abandon
	end

	if not added_numeric_name_maint then										-- if we have already set a maint message
		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- spin through list of patterns
			if mw.ustring.match (name, pattern) then							-- digits preceded or followed by anything but digits; %D+ includes punctuation
				utilities.set_message ('maint_numeric_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint cat for this template
				added_numeric_name_maint = true;								-- set the flag so we emit only one maint message
				return;															-- when here no point in further testing; abandon
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[-----------------&lt; N A M E _ H A S _ M U L T _ N A M E S &gt;------------------

Evaluates the content of last/surname (authors etc.) parameters for multiple names.
Multiple names are indicated if there is more than one comma or any &quot;unescaped&quot;
semicolons. Escaped semicolons are ones used as part of selected HTML entities.
If the condition is met, the function adds the multiple name maintenance category.

Same test for first except that commas should not appear in given names (MOS:JR says
that the generational suffix does not take a separator character).  Titles, degrees,
postnominals, affiliations, all normally comma separated don't belong in a citation.

&lt;name&gt; – name parameter value
&lt;list_name&gt; – AuthorList, EditorList, etc
&lt;limit&gt; – number of allowed commas; 1 (default) for surnames; 0 for given names

returns nothing

]]

local function name_has_mult_names (name, list_name, limit)
	local _, commas, semicolons, nbsps;
	limit = limit and limit or 1;
	if utilities.is_set (name) then
		_, commas = name:gsub (',', '');										-- count the number of commas
		_, semicolons = name:gsub (';', '');									-- count the number of semicolons
		-- nbsps probably should be its own separate count rather than merged in
		-- some way with semicolons because Lua patterns do not support the
		-- grouping operator that regex does, which means there is no way to add
		-- more entities to escape except by adding more counts with the new
		-- entities
		_, nbsps = name:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;','');										-- count nbsps
		
		-- There is exactly 1 semicolon per &amp;nbsp; entity, so subtract nbsps
		-- from semicolons to 'escape' them. If additional entities are added,
		-- they also can be subtracted.
		if limit &lt; commas or 0 &lt; (semicolons - nbsps) then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_mult_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint message
		end
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ G E N E R I C &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Compares values assigned to various parameters according to the string provided as &lt;item&gt; in the function call.
&lt;item&gt; can have on of two values:
	'generic_names' – for name-holding parameters: |last=, |first=, |editor-last=, etc
	'generic_titles' – for |title=

There are two types of generic tests.  The 'accept' tests look for a pattern that should not be rejected by the
'reject' test.  For example,
	|author=[[John Smith (author)|Smith, John]]
would be rejected by the 'author' reject test.  But piped wikilinks with 'author' disambiguation should not be
rejected so the 'accept' test prevents that from happening.  Accept tests are always performed before reject
tests.

Each of the 'accept' and 'reject' sequence tables hold tables for en.wiki (['en']) and local.wiki (['local'])
that each can hold a test sequence table  The sequence table holds, at index [1], a test pattern, and, at index
[2], a boolean control value.  The control value tells string.find() or mw.ustring.find() to do plain-text search (true)
or a pattern search (false).  The intent of all this complexity is to make these searches as fast as possible so
that we don't run out of processing time on very large articles.

Returns
	true when a reject test finds the pattern or string
	false when an accept test finds the pattern or string
	nil else

]=]

local function is_generic (item, value)
	local str_lower = {															-- use string.lower() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.lower() or local.wiki (['local'])
		['en'] = string.lower,
		['local'] = mw.ustring.lower,
		}
	local str_find = {															-- use string.find() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.find() or local.wiki (['local'])
		['en'] = string.find,
		['local'] = mw.ustring.find,
		}

	local function test (val, test_t, wiki)										-- local function to do the testing; &lt;wiki&gt; selects lower() and find() functions
		val = test_t[2] and str_lower[wiki](value) or val;						-- when &lt;test_t[2]&gt; set to 'true', plaintext search using lowercase value
		return str_find[wiki] (val, test_t[1], 1, test_t[2]);					-- return nil when not found or matched
	end
		
	local test_types_t = {'accept', 'reject'};									-- test accept patterns first, then reject patterns
	local wikis_t = {'en', 'local'};											-- do tests for each of these keys; en.wiki first, local.wiki second

	for _, test_type in ipairs (test_types_t) do								-- for each test type
		for _, generic_value in pairs (cfg.special_case_translation[item][test_type]) do	-- spin through the list of generic value fragments to accept or reject
			for _, wiki in ipairs (wikis_t) do
				if generic_value[wiki] then
					if test (value, generic_value[wiki], wiki) then				-- go do the test
						return ('reject' == test_type);							-- param value rejected, return true; false else
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ I S _ G E N E R I C &gt;------------------------------------------------

calls is_generic() to determine if &lt;name&gt; is a 'generic name' listed in cfg.generic_names; &lt;name_alias&gt; is the
parameter name used in error messaging

]]

local function name_is_generic (name, name_alias)
	if not added_generic_name_errs  and is_generic ('generic_names', name) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_generic_name', name_alias);					-- set an error message
		added_generic_name_errs = true;
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ C H E C K S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

This function calls various name checking functions used to validate the content of the various name-holding parameters.

]]

local function name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias)
	local accept_name;

	if utilities.is_set (last) then
		last, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (last);				-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;last&gt;

		if not accept_name then													-- &lt;last&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
			name_has_mult_names (last, list_name);								-- check for multiple names in the parameter
			name_is_numeric (last, last_alias, list_name);						-- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters
			name_is_generic (last, last_alias);									-- check for names found in the generic names list
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (first) then
		first, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (first);			-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;first&gt;

		if not accept_name then													-- &lt;first&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
			name_has_mult_names (first, list_name, 0);							-- check for multiple names in the parameter; 0 is number of allowed commas in a given name
			name_is_numeric (first, first_alias, list_name);					-- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters
			name_is_generic (first, first_alias);								-- check for names found in the generic names list
		end
		local wl_type, D = utilities.is_wikilink (first);
		if 0 ~= wl_type then
			first = D;
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', first_alias);
		end
	end

	return last, first;															-- done
end


--[[----------------------&lt; E X T R A C T _ N A M E S &gt;-------------------------

Gets name list from the input arguments

Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters
(or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters. Stops searching
when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts:
found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't find |last4= and |last5= then the
search is done.

This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching
|lastn=.  When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3=
are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not
required to have a matching |firstn=.

When an author or editor parameter contains some form of 'et al.', the 'et al.'
is stripped from the parameter and a flag (etal) returned that will cause list_people()
to add the static 'et al.' text from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration.  This keeps
'et al.' out of the template's metadata.  When this occurs, an error is emitted.

]]

local function extract_names(args, list_name)
	local names = {};															-- table of names
	local last;																	-- individual name components
	local first;
	local link;
	local mask;
	local i = 1;																-- loop counter/indexer
	local n = 1;																-- output table indexer
	local count = 0;															-- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors)
	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. in an author parameter

	local last_alias, first_alias, link_alias;									-- selected parameter aliases used in error messaging
	while true do
		last, last_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );		-- search through args for name components beginning at 1
		first, first_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		link, link_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
	
		if last then															-- error check |lastn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix; done here because this is where we have the parameter name
			local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (last, true);		-- true because we expect interwiki links in |lastn= to be wikilinked
			if nil == project and nil == language then							-- when both are nil
				utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', last_alias);		-- not known, emit an error message	-- TODO: err_bad_interwiki?
				last = utilities.remove_wiki_link (last);						-- remove wikilink markup; show display value only
			end
		end
		
		if link then															-- error check |linkn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix
			local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (link, false);		-- false because wiki links in |author-linkn= is an error
			if nil == project and nil == language then							-- when both are nil
				utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', link_alias);		-- not known, emit an error message	-- TODO: err_bad_interwiki?
				link = nil;														-- unset so we don't link
				link_alias = nil;
			end
		end
		
		last, etal = name_has_etal (last, etal, false, last_alias);				-- find and remove variations on et al.
		first, etal = name_has_etal (first, etal, false, first_alias);			-- find and remove variations on et al.
		last, first = name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias);						-- multiple names, extraneous annotation, etc. checks

		if first and not last then												-- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn
			local alias = first_alias:find ('given', 1, true) and 'given' or 'first';	-- get first or given form of the alias
			utilities.set_message ('err_first_missing_last', {
				first_alias,													-- param name of alias missing its mate
				first_alias:gsub (alias, {['first'] = 'last', ['given'] = 'surname'}),	-- make param name appropriate to the alias form
				});																-- add this error message
		elseif not first and not last then										-- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done?
			count = count + 1;													-- number of times we haven't found last and first
			if 2 &lt;= count then													-- two missing names and we give up
				break;															-- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which
			end
		else																	-- we have last with or without a first
			link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, last, last_alias);			-- check for improper wiki-markup

			if first then
				link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, first, first_alias);	-- check for improper wiki-markup
			end

			names[n] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = false};	-- add this name to our names list (corporate for |vauthors= only)
			n = n + 1;															-- point to next location in the names table
			if 1 == count then													-- if the previous name was missing
				utilities.set_message ('err_missing_name', {list_name:match (&quot;(%w+)List&quot;):lower(), i - 1});	-- add this error message
			end
			count = 0;															-- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- point to next args location
	end
	
	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names and the etal flag
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ T A G _ G E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------

attempt to decode |language=&lt;lang_param&gt; and return language name and matching tag; nil else.

This function looks for:
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a tag in cfg.lang_tag_remap{}
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a name in cfg.lang_name_remap{}
	
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a name in cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a tag in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t
when those fail, presume that &lt;lang_param&gt; is an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki does not recognize.  Strip all
script, region, variant, whatever subtags from &lt;lang_param&gt; to leave just a two or three character language tag
and look for the new &lt;lang_param&gt; in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t{}

on success, returns name (in properly capitalized form) and matching tag (in lowercase); on failure returns nil

]]

local function name_tag_get (lang_param)
	local lang_param_lc = mw.ustring.lower (lang_param);						-- use lowercase as an index into the various tables
	local name;
	local tag;

	name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang_param_lc];									-- assume &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; attempt to get remapped language name 
	if name then																-- when &lt;name&gt;, &lt;lang_param&gt; is a tag for a remapped language name
		if cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2] ~= lang_param_lc then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang');						-- add maint category if not already added
			return name, cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2];					-- so return name and tag from lang_name_remap[name]; special case to xlate sr-ec and sr-el to sr-cyrl and sr-latn
		end
		return name, lang_param_lc;												-- so return &lt;name&gt; from remap and &lt;lang_param_lc&gt;
	end

	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- still assuming that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; strip script, region, variant subtags
	name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag];												-- attempt to get remapped language name with language subtag only
	if name then																-- when &lt;name&gt;, &lt;tag&gt; is a tag for a remapped language name
		return name, tag;														-- so return &lt;name&gt; from remap and &lt;tag&gt;
	end

	if cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc] then									-- not a remapped tag, assume &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a name; attempt to get remapped language tag 
		return cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][1], cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][2];	-- for this &lt;lang_param_lc&gt;, return a (possibly) new name and appropriate tag
	end

	name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[lang_param_lc];							-- assume that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; attempt to get its matching language name
	
	if name then
		return name, lang_param_lc;												-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag so return it and &lt;name&gt;
	end
	
	tag = cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t[lang_param_lc];							-- assume that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a language name; attempt to get its matching tag
	
	if tag then
		return cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag], tag;								-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a name so return the name from the table and &lt;tag&gt;
	end

	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- is &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki doesn't recognize? &lt;tag&gt; gets the language subtag; nil else

	if tag then
		name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag];									-- attempt to get a language name using the shortened &lt;tag&gt;
		if name then
			return name, tag;													-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is an unrecognized IETF-like tag so return &lt;name&gt; and language subtag
		end
	end
end


--[[-------------------&lt; L A N G U A G E _ P A R A M E T E R &gt;------------------

Gets language name from a provided two- or three-character ISO 639 code.  If a code
is recognized by MediaWiki, use the returned name; if not, then use the value that
was provided with the language parameter.

When |language= contains a recognized language (either code or name), the page is
assigned to the category for that code: Category:Norwegian-language sources (no).
For valid three-character code languages, the page is assigned to the single category
for '639-2' codes: Category:CS1 ISO 639-2 language sources.

Languages that are the same as the local wiki are not categorized.  MediaWiki does
not recognize three-character equivalents of two-character codes: code 'ar' is
recognized but code 'ara' is not.

This function supports multiple languages in the form |language=nb, French, th
where the language names or codes are separated from each other by commas with
optional space characters.

]]

local function language_parameter (lang)
	local tag;																	-- some form of IETF-like language tag; language subtag with optional region, sript, vatiant, etc subtags
	local lang_subtag;															-- ve populates |language= with mostly unecessary region subtags that MediaWiki does not recognize; this is the base language subtag
	local name;																	-- the language name
	local language_list = {};													-- table of language names to be rendered

	local names_t = mw.text.split (lang, '%s*,%s*');							-- names should be a comma separated list

	for _, lang in ipairs (names_t) do											-- reuse lang here because we don't yet know if lang is a language name or a language tag; for now, ignore linter warning
		name, tag = name_tag_get (lang);										-- attempt to get name/tag pair for &lt;lang&gt;; &lt;name&gt; has proper capitalization; &lt;tag&gt; is lowercase

		if utilities.is_set (tag) then
			lang_subtag = tag:gsub ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*', '%1');					-- for categorization, strip any IETF-like tags from language tag

			if cfg.this_wiki_code ~= lang_subtag then							-- when the language is not the same as this wiki's language
				if 2 == lang_subtag:len() then									-- and is a two-character tag
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source', {name, tag}, lang_subtag);		-- categorize it; tag appended to allow for multiple language categorization
				else															-- or is a recognized language (but has a three-character tag)
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source-2', {lang_subtag}, lang_subtag);			-- categorize it differently TODO: support multiple three-character tag categories per cs1|2 template?
				end
			elseif cfg.local_lang_cat_enable then								-- when the language and this wiki's language are the same and categorization is enabled
				utilities.add_prop_cat ('local-lang-source', {name, lang_subtag});		-- categorize it
			end
		else
			name = lang;														-- return whatever &lt;lang&gt; has so that we show something
			utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang');						-- add maint category if not already added
		end
		
		table.insert (language_list, name);
	end
 
	name = utilities.make_sep_list (#language_list, language_list);
	if (1 == #language_list) and (lang_subtag == cfg.this_wiki_code) then		-- when only one language, find lang name in this wiki lang name; for |language=en-us, 'English' in 'American English'
		return '';																-- if one language and that language is this wiki's return an empty string (no annotation)
	end
	return (&quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('language', name));								-- otherwise wrap with '(in ...)'
	--[[ TODO: should only return blank or name rather than full list
	so we can clean up the bunched parenthetical elements Language, Type, Format
	]]
end


--[[-----------------------&lt; S E T _ C S _ S T Y L E &gt;--------------------------

Gets the default CS style configuration for the given mode.
Returns default separator and either postscript as passed in or the default.
In CS1, the default postscript and separator are '.'.
In CS2, the default postscript is the empty string and the default separator is ','.

]]

local function set_cs_style (postscript, mode)
	if utilities.is_set(postscript) then
		-- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs1 postscript
		-- we catch the opposite case for cs2 in set_style
		if mode == 'cs1' and postscript == cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode] then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript');
		end
	else
		postscript = cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode];
	end
	return cfg.presentation['sep_' .. mode], postscript;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S T Y L E &gt;-----------------------------

Sets the separator and postscript styles. Checks the |mode= first and the
#invoke CitationClass second. Removes the postscript if postscript == none.

]]

local function set_style (mode, postscript, cite_class)
	local sep;
	if 'cs2' == mode then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2');
	elseif 'cs1' == mode then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1');
	elseif 'citation' == cite_class	then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2');
	else
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1');
	end

	if cfg.keywords_xlate[postscript:lower()] == 'none' then
		-- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs2 postscript
		-- we catch the opposite case for cs1 in set_cs_style
		if 'cs2' == mode or ('cs1' ~= mode and 'citation' == cite_class) then	-- {{citation |title=Title |mode=cs1 |postscript=none}} should not emit maint message
			utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript');
		end
		postscript = '';
	end
	
	return sep, postscript
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ P D F &gt;-----------------------------------

Determines if a URL has the file extension that is one of the PDF file extensions
used by [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] when applying the PDF icon to external links.

returns true if file extension is one of the recognized extensions, else false

]=]

local function is_pdf (url)
	return url:match ('%.pdf$') or url:match ('%.PDF$') or
		url:match ('%.pdf[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF[%?#]') or
		url:match ('%.PDF&amp;#035') or url:match ('%.pdf&amp;#035');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T Y L E _ F O R M A T &gt;-----------------------

Applies CSS style to |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.  Also emits an error message
if the format parameter does not have a matching URL parameter.  If the format parameter
is not set and the URL contains a file extension that is recognized as a PDF document
by MediaWiki's commons.css, this code will set the format parameter to (PDF) with
the appropriate styling.

]]

local function style_format (format, url, fmt_param, url_param)
	if utilities.is_set (format) then
		format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', format);						-- add leading space, parentheses, resize
		if not utilities.is_set (url) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_format_missing_url', {fmt_param, url_param});	-- add an error message
		end
	elseif is_pdf (url) then													-- format is not set so if URL is a PDF file then
		format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', 'PDF');						-- set format to PDF
	else
		format = '';															-- empty string for concatenation
	end
	return format;
end


--[[---------------------&lt; G E T _ D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S &gt;------------------

Returns a number that defines the number of names displayed for author and editor
name lists and a Boolean flag to indicate when et al. should be appended to the name list.

When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is a number greater than or equal to zero,
return the number and the previous state of the 'etal' flag (false by default
but may have been set to true if the name list contains some variant of the text 'et al.').

When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is the keyword 'etal', return a number
that is one greater than the number of authors in the list and set the 'etal' flag true.
This will cause the list_people() to display all of the names in the name list followed by 'et al.'

In all other cases, returns nil and the previous state of the 'etal' flag.

inputs:
	max: A['DisplayAuthors'] or A['DisplayEditors'], etc; a number or some flavor of etal
	count: #a or #e
	list_name: 'authors' or 'editors'
	etal: author_etal or editor_etal

This function sets an error message when |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names but
not when &lt;max&gt; comes from {{cs1 config}} global settings.  When using global settings, &lt;param&gt; is set to the
keyword 'cs1 config' which is used to supress the normal error.  Error is suppressed because it is to be expected
that some citations in an article will have the same or fewer names that the limit specified in {{cs1 config}}.

]]

local function get_display_names (max, count, etal, param)
	if utilities.is_set (max) then
		if 'etal' == cfg.keywords_xlate[max:lower():gsub(&quot;[ '%.]&quot;, '')] then	-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings
			max = count + 1;													-- number of authors + 1 so display all author name plus et al.
			etal = true;														-- overrides value set by extract_names()
		elseif max:match ('^%d+$') then											-- if is a string of numbers
			max = tonumber (max);												-- make it a number
			if (max &gt;= count) and ('cs1 config' ~= param) then					-- error when local |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names; not an error when using global setting
				utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max});			-- add error message
				max = nil;
			end
		else																	-- not a valid keyword or number
			utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max});				-- add error message
			max = nil;															-- unset; as if |display-xxxxors= had not been set
		end
	end
	
	return max, etal;
end


--[[----------&lt; E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ P A G E _ C H E C K &gt;---------------

Adds error if |page=, |pages=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages= has what appears to be
some form of p. or pp. abbreviation in the first characters of the parameter content.

check page for extraneous p, p., pp, pp., pg, pg. at start of parameter value:
	good pattern: '^P[^%.P%l]' matches when page begins PX or P# but not Px
		      where x and X are letters and # is a digit
	bad pattern:  '^[Pp][PpGg]' matches when page begins pp, pP, Pp, PP, pg, pG, Pg, PG

]]

local function extra_text_in_page_check (val, name)
	if not val:match (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.good_ppattern) then
		for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.bad_ppatterns) do		-- spin through the selected sequence table of patterns
			if val:match (pattern) then											-- when a match, error so
				utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_pages', name);	 		-- add error message
				return;															-- and done
			end
		end
	end		
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ V O L _ I S S _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------

Adds error if |volume= or |issue= has what appears to be some form of redundant 'type' indicator.  Applies to
both; this function looks for issue text in both |issue= and |volume= and looks for volume-like text in |voluem=
and |issue=.

For |volume=:
	'V.', or 'Vol.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations or 'Volume' in the first characters of the parameter
	content (all case insensitive). 'V' and 'v' (without the dot) are presumed to be roman numerals so
	are allowed.

For |issue=:
	'No.', 'I.', 'Iss.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations, or 'Issue' in the first characters of the
	parameter content (all case insensitive); numero styling: 'n°' with degree sign U+00B0, and № precomposed
	numero sign U+2116.
	
Single character values ('v', 'i', 'n') allowed when not followed by separator character ('.', ':', '=', or
whitespace character) – param values are trimmed of whitespace by MediaWiki before delivered to the module.
	
&lt;val&gt; is |volume= or |issue= parameter value
&lt;name&gt; is |volume= or |issue= parameter name for error message
&lt;selector&gt; is 'v' for |volume=, 'i' for |issue=

sets error message on failure; returns nothing

]]

local function extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (val, name, selector)
	if not utilities.is_set (val) then
		return;
	end
	
	local handler = 'v' == selector and 'err_extra_text_volume' or 'err_extra_text_issue';
	
	local accept_val;															-- for now, ignore linter warning
	val, accept_val = utilities.has_accept_as_written (val);
	--if accept_val then														-- if uncomment this, |volume=((vol. 1)) suppresses error
	--	return;
	--end
	
	--val = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (val);										-- if uncomment this, |volume=&lt;nowiki&gt;vol. 1&lt;/nowiki&gt; shows error
	val = val:lower();															-- force parameter value to lower case
	
	for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.vi_patterns_t) do			-- spin through the sequence table of patterns
		if val:match (pattern) then												-- when a match, error so
			utilities.set_message (handler, name);								-- add error message
			return;																-- and done
		end
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; G E T _ V _ N A M E _ T A B L E &gt;----------------------------------------------

split apart a |vauthors= or |veditors= parameter.  This function allows for corporate names, wrapped in doubled
parentheses to also have commas; in the old version of the code, the doubled parentheses were included in the
rendered citation and in the metadata.  Individual author names may be wikilinked

	|vauthors=Jones AB, [[E. B. White|White EB]], ((Black, Brown, and Co.))

]=]

local function get_v_name_table (vparam, output_table, output_link_table)
	local _, accept = utilities.has_accept_as_written (vparam);
	if accept then
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('vanc-accept');									-- add properties category
	end
	local name_table = mw.text.split(vparam, &quot;%s*,%s*&quot;);						-- names are separated by commas
	local wl_type, label, link;													-- wl_type not used here; just a placeholder
	
	local i = 1;
	
	while name_table[i] do
		if name_table[i]:match ('^%(%(.*[^%)][^%)]$') then						-- first segment of corporate with one or more commas; this segment has the opening doubled parentheses
			local name = name_table[i];
			i = i + 1;															-- bump indexer to next segment
			while name_table[i] do
				name = name .. ', ' .. name_table[i];							-- concatenate with previous segments
				if name_table[i]:match ('^.*%)%)$') then						-- if this table member has the closing doubled parentheses
					break;														-- and done reassembling so
				end
				i = i + 1;														-- bump indexer
			end
			table.insert (output_table, name);									-- and add corporate name to the output table
			table.insert (output_link_table, '');								-- no wikilink
		else
			wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (name_table[i]);		-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]]
			table.insert (output_table, label);									-- add this name
			if 1 == wl_type then
				table.insert (output_link_table, label);						-- simple wikilink [[D]]
			else
				table.insert (output_link_table, link);							-- no wikilink or [[L|D]]; add this link if there is one, else empty string
			end
		end
		i = i + 1;
	end	
	return output_table;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A R S E _ V A U T H O R S _ V E D I T O R S &gt;--------------------------------

This function extracts author / editor names from |vauthors= or |veditors= and finds matching |xxxxor-maskn= and
|xxxxor-linkn= in args.  It then returns a table of assembled names just as extract_names() does.

Author / editor names in |vauthors= or |veditors= must be in Vancouver system style. Corporate or institutional names
may sometimes be required and because such names will often fail the is_good_vanc_name() and other format compliance
tests, are wrapped in doubled parentheses ((corporate name)) to suppress the format tests.

Supports generational suffixes Jr, 2nd, 3rd, 4th–6th.

This function sets the Vancouver error when a required comma is missing and when there is a space between an author's initials.

]]

local function parse_vauthors_veditors (args, vparam, list_name)
	local names = {};															-- table of names assembled from |vauthors=, |author-maskn=, |author-linkn=
	local v_name_table = {};
	local v_link_table = {};													-- when name is wikilinked, targets go in this table
	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. vauthors parameter
	local last, first, link, mask, suffix;
	local corporate = false;

	vparam, etal = name_has_etal (vparam, etal, true);							-- find and remove variations on et al. do not categorize (do it here because et al. might have a period)
	v_name_table = get_v_name_table (vparam, v_name_table, v_link_table);		-- names are separated by commas

	for i, v_name in ipairs(v_name_table) do
		first = '';																-- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor
		local accept_name;
		v_name, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (v_name);			-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;v_name&gt;

		if accept_name then
			last = v_name;
			corporate = true;													-- flag used in list_people()
		elseif string.find(v_name, &quot;%s&quot;) then
			if v_name:find('[;%.]') then										-- look for commonly occurring punctuation characters; 
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.punctuation, i);
			end
			local lastfirst_t = mw.text.split(v_name, &quot;%s+&quot;);
			first = table.remove (lastfirst_t);									-- removes and returns value of last element in table which should be initials or generational suffix

			if not mw.ustring.match (first, '^%u+$') then						-- mw.ustring here so that later we will catch non-Latin characters
				suffix = first;													-- not initials so assume that whatever we got is a generational suffix
				first = table.remove (lastfirst_t);								-- get what should be the initials from the table
			end
			last = table.concat (lastfirst_t, ' ');								-- returns a string that is the concatenation of all other names that are not initials and generational suffix
			if not utilities.is_set (last) then
				first = '';														-- unset
				last = v_name;													-- last empty because something wrong with first
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.name, i);
			end
			if mw.ustring.match (last, '%a+%s+%u+%s+%a+') then
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['missing comma'], i);			-- matches last II last; the case when a comma is missing
			end
			if mw.ustring.match (v_name, ' %u %u$') then						-- this test is in the wrong place TODO: move or replace with a more appropriate test
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i);					-- matches a space between two initials
			end
		else
			last = v_name;														-- last name or single corporate name?  Doesn't support multiword corporate names? do we need this?
		end
		
		if utilities.is_set (first) then
			if not mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^%u?%u$&quot;) then						-- first shall contain one or two upper-case letters, nothing else
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i);					-- too many initials; mixed case initials (which may be ok Romanization); hyphenated initials
			end
			is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, i);							-- check first and last before restoring the suffix which may have a non-Latin digit
			if utilities.is_set (suffix) then
				first = first .. ' ' .. suffix;									-- if there was a suffix concatenate with the initials
				suffix = '';													-- unset so we don't add this suffix to all subsequent names
			end
		else
			if not corporate then
				is_good_vanc_name (last, '', nil, i);
			end
		end

		link = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ) or v_link_table[i];
		mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		names[i] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = corporate};		-- add this assembled name to our names list
	end
	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E L E C T _ A U T H O R _ E D I T O R _ S O U R C E &gt;------------------------

Select one of |authors=, |authorn= / |lastn / firstn=, or |vauthors= as the source of the author name list or
select one of |editorn= / editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= or |veditors= as the source of the editor name list.

Only one of these appropriate three will be used.  The hierarchy is: |authorn= (and aliases) highest and |authors= lowest;
|editorn= (and aliases) highest and |veditors= lowest (support for |editors= withdrawn)

When looking for |authorn= / |editorn= parameters, test |xxxxor1= and |xxxxor2= (and all of their aliases); stops after the second
test which mimicks the test used in extract_names() when looking for a hole in the author name list.  There may be a better
way to do this, I just haven't discovered what that way is.

Emits an error message when more than one xxxxor name source is provided.

In this function, vxxxxors = vauthors or veditors; xxxxors = authors as appropriate.

]]

local function select_author_editor_source (vxxxxors, xxxxors, args, list_name)
	local lastfirst = false;
	if utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- do this twice in case we have a |first1= without a |last1=; this ...
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- ... also catches the case where |first= is used with |vauthors=
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 2 ) or
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 2 ) then
			lastfirst = true;
	end

	if (utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and true == lastfirst) or					-- these are the three error conditions
		(utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) or
		(true == lastfirst and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters',
				utilities.substitute (cfg.special_case_translation.name_list_params,
					('AuthorList' == list_name) and cfg.special_case_translation.author or cfg.special_case_translation.editor));	-- add error message


	end

	if true == lastfirst then return 1 end;										-- return a number indicating which author name source to use
	if utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) then return 2 end;
	if utilities.is_set (xxxxors) then return 3 end;
	return 1;																	-- no authors so return 1; this allows missing author name test to run in case there is a first without last 
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ P A R A M E T E R _ V A L U E &gt;------------------------------

This function is used to validate a parameter's assigned value for those parameters that have only a limited number
of allowable values (yes, y, true, live, dead, etc.).  When the parameter value has not been assigned a value (missing
or empty in the source template) the function returns the value specified by ret_val.  If the parameter value is one
of the list of allowed values returns the translated value; else, emits an error message and returns the value
specified by ret_val.

TODO: explain &lt;invert&gt;

]]

local function is_valid_parameter_value (value, name, possible, ret_val, invert)
	if not utilities.is_set (value) then
		return ret_val;															-- an empty parameter is ok
	end

	if (not invert and utilities.in_array (value, possible)) then				-- normal; &lt;value&gt; is in &lt;possible&gt; table
		return cfg.keywords_xlate[value];										-- return translation of parameter keyword
	elseif invert and not utilities.in_array (value, possible) then				-- invert; &lt;value&gt; is not in &lt;possible&gt; table
		return value;															-- return &lt;value&gt; as it is
	else
		utilities.set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {name, value});			-- not an allowed value so add error message
		return ret_val;
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; T E R M I N A T E _ N A M E _ L I S T &gt;----------------------------------------

This function terminates a name list (author, contributor, editor) with a separator character (sepc) and a space
when the last character is not a sepc character or when the last three characters are not sepc followed by two
closing square brackets (close of a wikilink).  When either of these is true, the name_list is terminated with a
single space character.

]]

local function terminate_name_list (name_list, sepc)
	if (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. '. ') then					-- if already properly terminated
		return name_list;														-- just return the name list
	elseif (string.sub (name_list, -1, -1) == sepc) or (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. ']]') then	-- if last name in list ends with sepc char
		return name_list .. &quot; &quot;;												-- don't add another
	else
		return name_list .. sepc .. ' ';										-- otherwise terminate the name list
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ V O L U M E _ I S S U E &gt;-----------------------------------------

returns the concatenation of the formatted volume and issue (or journal article number) parameters as a single
string; or formatted volume or formatted issue, or an empty string if neither are set.

]]
	
local function format_volume_issue (volume, issue, article, cite_class, origin, sepc, lower)
	if not utilities.is_set (volume) and not utilities.is_set (issue) and not utilities.is_set (article) then
		return '';
	end

	-- same condition as in format_pages_sheets()
	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin);

	local is_numeric_vol = volume and (volume:match ('^[MDCLXVI]+$') or volume:match ('^%d+$'));	-- is only uppercase roman numerals or only digits?
	local is_long_vol = volume and (4 &lt; mw.ustring.len(volume));				-- is |volume= value longer than 4 characters?
	
	if volume and (not is_numeric_vol and is_long_vol) then						-- when not all digits or Roman numerals, is |volume= longer than 4 characters?
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('long-vol');									-- yes, add properties cat
	end

	if is_journal then															-- journal-style formatting
		local vol = '';

		if utilities.is_set (volume) then
			if is_numeric_vol then												-- |volume= value all digits or all uppercase Roman numerals?
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, volume});	-- render in bold face
			elseif is_long_vol then												-- not all digits or Roman numerals; longer than 4 characters?
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-vol'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)});	-- not bold
			else																-- four or fewer characters
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)});	-- bold
			end
		end
		vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (issue) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-issue'], issue) or '')
		vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (article) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-article-num'], article) or '')
		return vol;
	end
	
	if 'podcast' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (issue) then
		return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower);
	end
	
	if 'conference' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (article) then			-- |article-number= supported only in journal and conference cites
		if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (article) then		-- both volume and article number
			return wrap_msg ('vol-art', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), article}, lower);
		elseif utilities.is_set (article) then									-- article number alone; when volume alone, handled below
			return wrap_msg ('art', {sepc, article}, lower);
		end
	end

	-- all other types of citation
	if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (issue) then
		return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), issue}, lower);
	elseif utilities.is_set (volume) then
		return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}, lower);
	else
		return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower);
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ P A G E S _ S H E E T S &gt;-----------------------------------------

adds static text to one of |page(s)= or |sheet(s)= values and returns it with all of the others set to empty strings.
The return order is:
	page, pages, sheet, sheets

Singular has priority over plural when both are provided.

]]

local function format_pages_sheets (page, pages, sheet, sheets, cite_class, origin, sepc, nopp, lower)
	if 'map' == cite_class then													-- only cite map supports sheet(s) as in-source locators
		if utilities.is_set (sheet) then
			if 'journal' == origin then
				return '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheet', sheet, lower), '';
			else
				return '', '', wrap_msg ('sheet', {sepc, sheet}, lower), '';
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (sheets) then
			if 'journal' == origin then
				return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheets', sheets, lower);
			else
				return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('sheets', {sepc, sheets}, lower);
			end
		end
	end

	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin);
	
	if utilities.is_set (page) then
		if is_journal then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], page), '', '', '';
		elseif not nopp then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, page}), '', '', '';
		else
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, page}), '', '', '';
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then
		if is_journal then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], pages), '', '', '';
		elseif tonumber(pages) ~= nil and not nopp then							-- if pages is only digits, assume a single page number
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		elseif not nopp then
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		else
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		end
	end
	
	return '', '', '', '';														-- return empty strings
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N S O U R C E _ L O C _ G E T &gt;----------------------------------------------

returns one of the in-source locators: page, pages, or at. 

If any of these are interwiki links to Wikisource, returns the label portion of the interwiki-link as plain text
for use in COinS.  This COinS thing is done because here we convert an interwiki-link to an external link and
add an icon span around that; get_coins_pages() doesn't know about the span.  TODO: should it?  

TODO: add support for sheet and sheets?; streamline;

TODO: make it so that this function returns only one of the three as the single in-source (the return value assigned
to a new name)?

]]

local function insource_loc_get (page, page_orig, pages, pages_orig, at)
	local ws_url, ws_label, coins_pages, L;										-- for Wikisource interwiki-links; TODO: this corrupts page metadata (span remains in place after cleanup; fix there?)

	if utilities.is_set (page) then
		if utilities.is_set (pages) or utilities.is_set (at) then
			pages = '';															-- unset the others
			at = '';
		end
		extra_text_in_page_check (page, page_orig);								-- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.

		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (page);						-- make ws URL from |page= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			page = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in page');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			page = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, page});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then
		if utilities.is_set (at) then
			at = '';															-- unset
		end
		extra_text_in_page_check (pages, pages_orig);							-- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.

		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (pages);						-- make ws URL from |pages= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			pages = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in pages');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			pages = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, pages});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (at) then
		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (at);							-- make ws URL from |at= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			at = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in at');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			at = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, at});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	end
	
	return page, pages, at, coins_pages;
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ U N I Q U E _ A R C H I V E _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------

add error message when |archive-url= value is same as |url= or chapter-url= (or alias...) value

]]

local function is_unique_archive_url (archive, url, c_url, source, date)
	if utilities.is_set (archive) then
		if archive == url or archive == c_url then
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});	-- add error message
			return '', '';														-- unset |archive-url= and |archive-date= because same as |url= or |chapter-url=
		end
	end

	return archive, date;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; A R C H I V E _ U R L _ C H E C K &gt;--------------------------------------------

Check archive.org URLs to make sure they at least look like they are pointing at valid archives and not to the 
save snapshot URL or to calendar pages.  When the archive URL is 'https://web.archive.org/save/' (or http://...)
archive.org saves a snapshot of the target page in the URL.  That is something that Wikipedia should not allow
unwitting readers to do.

When the archive.org URL does not have a complete timestamp, archive.org chooses a snapshot according to its own
algorithm or provides a calendar 'search' result.  [[WP:ELNO]] discourages links to search results.

This function looks at the value assigned to |archive-url= and returns empty strings for |archive-url= and
|archive-date= and an error message when:
	|archive-url= holds an archive.org save command URL
	|archive-url= is an archive.org URL that does not have a complete timestamp (YYYYMMDDhhmmss 14 digits) in the
		correct place
otherwise returns |archive-url= and |archive-date=

There are two mostly compatible archive.org URLs:
	//web.archive.org/&lt;timestamp&gt;...		-- the old form
	//web.archive.org/web/&lt;timestamp&gt;...	-- the new form

The old form does not support or map to the new form when it contains a display flag.  There are four identified flags
('id_', 'js_', 'cs_', 'im_') but since archive.org ignores others following the same form (two letters and an underscore)
we don't check for these specific flags but we do check the form.

This function supports a preview mode.  When the article is rendered in preview mode, this function may return a modified
archive URL:
	for save command errors, return undated wildcard (/*/)
	for timestamp errors when the timestamp has a wildcard, return the URL unmodified
	for timestamp errors when the timestamp does not have a wildcard, return with timestamp limited to six digits plus wildcard (/yyyymm*/)

A secondary function is to return an archive-url timestamp from those archive urls that have them.  The timestamp
is used by validation.archive_date_check() to see if the value in |archive-date= matches the timestamp in the
archive url.

]=]

local function archive_url_check (url, date)
	local err_msg;																-- start with the error message empty
	local path, timestamp, flag;												-- portions of the archive.org URL
	
	local function is_ts_date_valid (ts, origin_date)							-- local function to validate archive url taimestamp date; time ignored
		local y, m, d = ts:match ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)');					-- split into parts
		if y and validation.is_valid_date (y, m, d) and (tonumber (y) &gt;= 1996) then
			return true, tonumber (y) &gt;= origin_date;							-- &lt;origin_date&gt; is 1996 for archive.org
		end
	end

	if (not url:match('//web%.archive%.org/')) and (not url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/')) then		-- also deprecated liveweb Wayback machine URL
		return url, date;														-- not an archive.org archive, return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end

	if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/save/') then								-- if a save command URL, we don't want to allow saving of the target page 
		err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.save;
		url = url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org)/save/', '%1/*/', 1);				-- for preview mode: modify ArchiveURL
	elseif url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/') then
		err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.liveweb;
	else
		path, timestamp, flag = url:match('//web%.archive%.org/([^%d]*)(%d+)([^/]*)/');	-- split out some of the URL parts for evaluation
		if not path then														-- malformed in some way; pattern did not match
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
		elseif 14 ~= timestamp:len() then										-- path and flag optional, must have 14-digit timestamp here
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
			if '*' ~= flag then
				local replacement = timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d%d%d') or timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d');	-- get the first 6 (YYYYMM) or first 4 digits (YYYY)
				if replacement then												-- nil if there aren't at least 4 digits (year)
					replacement = replacement .. string.rep ('0', 14 - replacement:len());	-- year or yearmo (4 or 6 digits) zero-fill to make 14-digit timestamp
					url=url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org/[^%d]*)%d[^/]*', '%1' .. replacement .. '*', 1)	-- for preview, modify ts to 14 digits plus splat for calendar display
				end
			end
		elseif not is_ts_date_valid (timestamp, 1996) then						-- is ymd portion of timestamp a valid date?
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
			timestamp = nil;													-- unset because invalid
		elseif utilities.is_set (path) and 'web/' ~= path then					-- older archive URLs do not have the extra 'web/' path element
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.path;
		elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not utilities.is_set (path) then		-- flag not allowed with the old form URL (without the 'web/' path element)
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag;
		elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not flag:match ('%a%a_') then		-- flag if present must be two alpha characters and underscore (requires 'web/' path element)
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag;
		else
			return url, date, timestamp;										-- return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url=
		end
	end
																				-- if here, something not right so
	utilities.set_message ('err_archive_url', {err_msg});						-- add error message and

	if is_preview_mode then
		return url, date, timestamp;											-- preview mode so return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url=
	else
		return '', '';															-- return empty strings for ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P L A C E _ C H E C K &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

check |place=, |publication-place=, |location= to see if these params include digits.  This function added because
many editors misuse location to specify the in-source location (|page(s)= and |at= are supposed to do that)

returns the original parameter value without modification; added maint cat when parameter value contains digits

]]

local function place_check (param_val)
	if not utilities.is_set (param_val) then									-- parameter empty or omitted
		return param_val;														-- return that empty state
	end
	
	if mw.ustring.find (param_val, '%d') then									-- not empty, are there digits in the parameter value
		utilities.set_message ('maint_location');								-- yep, add maint cat
	end
	
	return param_val;															-- and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ A R C H I V E D _ C O P Y &gt;----------------------------------------------

compares |title= to 'Archived copy' (placeholder added by bots that can't find proper title); if matches, return true; nil else

]]

local function is_archived_copy (title)
	title = mw.ustring.lower(title);											-- switch title to lower case
	if title:find (cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy.en) then			-- if title is 'Archived copy'
		return true;
	elseif cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local'] then
		if mw.ustring.find (title, cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local']) then	-- mw.ustring() because might not be Latin script
			return true;
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S _ S E L E C T &gt;--------------------------------------

for any of the |display-authors=, |display-editors=, etc parameters, select either the local or global setting.
When both are present, look at &lt;local_display_names&gt; value.  When the value is some sort of 'et al.'string,
special handling is required.

When {{cs1 config}} has |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= AND this template has |display-&lt;namelist&gt;=etal AND:
	the number of names specified by &lt;number_of_names&gt; is:
		greater than the number specified in the global |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameter (&lt;global_display_names&gt;)
			use global |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameter value
			set overridden maint category
		less than or equal to the number specified in the global |display-&lt;namelist&gt;=  parameter
			use local |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameter value

The purpose of this function is to prevent categorizing a template that has fewer names than the global setting
to keep the etal annotation specified by &lt;local_display_names&gt;.

]]

local function display_names_select (global_display_names, local_display_names, param_name, number_of_names)
	if global_display_names and utilities.is_set (local_display_names) then		-- when both
		if 'etal' == local_display_names:lower():gsub(&quot;[ '%.]&quot;, '') then		-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings
			number_of_names = tonumber (number_of_names);						-- convert these to numbers for comparison
			local global_display_names_num = tonumber (global_display_names);	-- &lt;global_display_names&gt; not set when parameter value is not digits

			if number_of_names &gt; global_display_names_num then					-- template has more names than global config allows to be displayed?
				utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');				-- set a maint message because global is overriding local |display-&lt;namelist&gt;=etal
				return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';						-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names())
			else
				return local_display_names, param_name;							-- return local because fewer names so let &lt;local_display_names&gt; control
			end
		end
																				-- here when &lt;global_display_names&gt; and &lt;local_display_names&gt; both numbers; &lt;global_display_names&gt; controls
		utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');						-- set a maint message
		return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';								-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names())
	end
																				-- here when only one of &lt;global_display_names&gt; or &lt;local_display_names&gt; set
	if global_display_names then
		return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';								-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names())
	else
		return local_display_names, param_name;									-- return local
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M O D E _ S E T &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

fetch global mode setting from {{cs1 config}} (if present) or from |mode= (if present); global setting overrides
local |mode= parameter value.  When both are present, emit maintenance message

]]

local function mode_set (Mode, Mode_origin)
	local mode;
	if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] then										-- global setting in {{cs1 config}}; nil when empty or assigned value invalid
		mode = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'], 'cs1 config: mode', cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], '');	-- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax
	else
		mode = is_valid_parameter_value (Mode, Mode_origin, cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], '');
	end

	if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] and utilities.is_set (Mode) then			-- when template has |mode=&lt;something&gt; which global setting has overridden
		utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');						-- set a maint message
	end
	return mode;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; Q U O T E _ M A K E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

create quotation from |quote=, |trans-quote=, and/or script-quote= with or without |quote-page= or |quote-pages=

when any of those three quote parameters are set, this function unsets &lt;PostScript&gt;.  When none of those parameters
are set, |quote-page= and |quote-pages= are unset to nil so that they are not included in the template's metadata

]]

local function quote_make (quote, trans_quote, script_quote, quote_page, quote_pages, nopp, sepc, postscript)
	if utilities.is_set (quote) or utilities.is_set (trans_quote) or utilities.is_set (script_quote) then

		if utilities.is_set (quote) then
			if quote:sub(1, 1) == '&quot;' and quote:sub(-1, -1) == '&quot;' then			-- if first and last characters of quote are quote marks
				quote = quote:sub(2, -2);										-- strip them off
			end
		end
		
		quote = kern_quotes (quote);											-- kern if needed
		quote = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-text', quote );					-- wrap in &lt;q&gt;...&lt;/q&gt; tags
	
		if utilities.is_set (script_quote) then
			quote = script_concatenate (quote, script_quote, 'script-quote');	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after quote is wrapped
		end

		if utilities.is_set (trans_quote) then
			if trans_quote:sub(1, 1) == '&quot;' and trans_quote:sub(-1, -1) == '&quot;' then -- if first and last characters of |trans-quote are quote marks
				trans_quote = trans_quote:sub(2, -2); -- strip them off
			end
			quote = quote .. &quot; &quot; .. utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_quote );
		end

		if utilities.is_set (quote_page) or utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then	-- add page prefix
			local quote_prefix = '';
			if utilities.is_set (quote_page) then
				extra_text_in_page_check (quote_page, 'quote-page');			-- add to maint cat if |quote-page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.
				if not nopp then
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, quote_page});
				else
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, quote_page});
				end
			elseif utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then
				extra_text_in_page_check (quote_pages, 'quote-pages');			-- add to maint cat if |quote-pages= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.
				if tonumber(quote_pages) ~= nil and not nopp then				-- if only digits, assume single page
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, quote_pages});
				elseif not nopp then
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, quote_pages});
				else
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, quote_pages});
				end
			end
                        
			quote = quote_prefix .. &quot;: &quot; .. quote;
		else
			quote = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. quote;
		end

		postscript = &quot;&quot;;														-- cs1|2 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set
	
	elseif utilities.is_set (quote_page) or utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then
		quote_page = nil;														-- unset; these require |quote=; TODO: error message?
		quote_pages = nil;
	end

	return quote, quote_page, quote_pages, postscript;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ P U B L I S H E R _ N A M E &gt;--------------------------------------

look for variations of '&lt;text&gt;: &lt;text&gt;' that might be '&lt;location&gt;: &lt;publisher&gt;' in |publisher= parameter value.
when found, emit a maintenance message; return nil else

&lt;publisher&gt; is the value assigned to |publisher= or |institution=

]]

local function check_publisher_name (publisher)
	local patterns_t = {
		'^[%w%s]+%s*:%s*[%w%s]+$',												-- plain text &lt;location&gt;: &lt;publisher&gt;
		'^%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+%s*:%s*[%w%s]+$',										-- partially wikilinked [[&lt;location&gt;]]: &lt;publisher&gt;
		'^[%w%s]+%s*:%s*%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+$',										-- partially wikilinked &lt;location&gt;: [[&lt;publisher&gt;]]
		'^%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+%s*:%s*%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+$',								-- wikilinked [[&lt;location&gt;]]: [[&lt;publisher&gt;]]
		}
	
	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns_t) do									-- spin through the patterns_t sequence
		if mw.ustring.match (publisher, pattern) then							-- does this pattern match?
			utilities.set_message ('maint_publisher_location');					-- set a maint message
			return;																-- and done
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ P A G E _ A R T _ N U M &gt;------------------------------------------------

compare the trailing (rightmost) characters of the |doi= value against the whole value assigned to |page(s)=.

return boolean true when:
	|page(s)= has exactly 8 digits and a dot between the fourth and fifth digits matches the trailing 9 characters
		of the |doi= value: |page=12345678 → |page=1234.5678 matches |doi=10.xxxx/yyyy1234.5678
	|page(s)= is 5 or more characters and matches |doi= values's trailing characters
	|page(s)= begins with a lowercase 'e' and |page(s)= without the 'e' matches |doi= values's trailing
		characters: |page=e12345 → |page=12345 matches |doi=10.xxxx/yyyy12345
	|page(s)= begins with a uppercase 'CD' followed by (typically) six digits matches |doi= values that ends with
		'CDxxxxxx.pubx' (where 'x' is any single digit)

return nil when |page(s)= values:
	are ranges separated by underscore, hyphen, emdash, endash, figure dash, or minus character
	are comma- or semicolon-separated lists of pages
	have external urls (has text 'http')
	are digit-only values less than 10000
	do not match |doi= values's trailing characters

]]

local function is_page_art_num (page, doi)
	if not (utilities.is_set (page) and utilities.is_set (doi)) then			-- both required
		return;																	-- abandon; nothing to do
	end

	if page:match ('[,;_−–—‒%-]') then											-- when |page(s)= might be a page range or a separated list of pages
		return;																	-- abandon
	end

	page = page:lower();														-- because doi names are case insensitive
	doi = doi:lower();															-- force these to lowercase for testing
	
	if page:match ('http') then													-- when |page(s)= appears to hold a url
		return;																	-- abandon
	end

	if tonumber (page) then														-- is |page(s)= digits only
		if 10000 &gt; tonumber (page) then											-- when |page(s)= less than 10000
			return;																-- abandon
		end
	
		if doi:match (page .. '$') then											-- digits only page number match the last digits in |doi=?
			return true;
		end

		if 8 == page:len() then													-- special case when |page(s)= is exactly 8 digits
			local dot_page = page:gsub ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d%d%d)', '%1.%2');		-- make a |page=xxxx.yyyy version commonly used in |doi=
			if doi:match (dot_page .. '$') then									-- 8-digit dotted page number match the last characters in |doi=?
				return true;
			end
		end
	
	else																		-- here when |page(s)= is alpha-numeric
		if 4 &lt; page:len() then													-- when |page(s)= is five or more characters
			if doi:match (page .. '$') then										-- alpha-numeric page match the last characters in |doi=?
				return true;
			end
			
			local epage = page:match ('^e([%w]+)$');							-- if first character of |page= is 'e', remove it
			if epage and doi:match (epage .. '$') then							-- page number match the last characters in |doi=?
				return true;
			end
	
			local cdpage = page:match ('^cd%d+$');								-- if first characters of |page= are 'CD' and last characters are digits (typically 6 digits)
			if cdpage and doi:match (cdpage .. '%.pub%d$') then					-- page number matches doi 'CDxxxxxx.pubx' where 'x' is a digit
				return true;
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N 0 &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting.

]]

local function citation0( config, args )
	--[[ 
	Load Input Parameters
	The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable.
	]]
	local A = argument_wrapper ( args );

	-- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates
	-- define different field names for the same underlying things.	

	local author_etal;
	local a	= {};																-- authors list from |lastn= / |firstn= pairs or |vauthors=
	local Authors;
	local NameListStyle;
		if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] then						-- global setting in {{cs1 config}} overrides local |name-list-style= parameter value; nil when empty or assigned value invalid
			NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'], 'cs1 config: name-list-style', cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], '');	-- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax
		else
			NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NameListStyle'], A:ORIGIN('NameListStyle'), cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], '');
		end

		if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] and utilities.is_set (A['NameListStyle']) then	-- when template has |name-list-style=&lt;something&gt; which global setting has overridden
			utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');					-- set a maint message
		end

	local Collaboration = A['Collaboration'];

	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Vauthors'], A['Authors'], args, 'AuthorList');
		if 1 == selected then
			a, author_etal = extract_names (args, 'AuthorList');				-- fetch author list from |authorn= / |lastn= / |firstn=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
		elseif 2 == selected then
			NameListStyle = 'vanc';												-- override whatever |name-list-style= might be
			a, author_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, A['Vauthors'], 'AuthorList');	-- fetch author list from |vauthors=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
		elseif 3 == selected then
			Authors = A['Authors'];												-- use content of |people= or |credits=; |authors= is deprecated; TODO: constrain |people= and |credits= to cite av media, episode, serial?
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then
			author_etal = true;													-- so that |display-authors=etal not required
		end
	end

	local editor_etal;
	local e	= {};																-- editors list from |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= pairs or |veditors=

	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Veditors'], nil, args, 'EditorList');	-- support for |editors= withdrawn
		if 1 == selected then
			e, editor_etal = extract_names (args, 'EditorList');				-- fetch editor list from |editorn= / |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
		elseif 2 == selected then
			NameListStyle = 'vanc';												-- override whatever |name-list-style= might be
			e, editor_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.veditors, 'EditorList');	-- fetch editor list from |veditors=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
		end
	end
							
	local Chapter = A['Chapter'];												-- done here so that we have access to |contribution= from |chapter= and |script-chapter= aliases
	local Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter');
	local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter'];
	local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter');

	local Contribution;															-- because contribution is required for contributor(s)
	if 'contribution' == Chapter_origin then									-- is there a |contribution= parameter?
		Contribution = Chapter;													-- get the name of the contribution
	elseif 'script-contribution' == ScriptChapter_origin then					-- no, so is there a |script-contribution= parameter?
		Contribution = ScriptChapter;											-- get the name of the contribution
	end
	local c = {};																-- contributors list from |contributor-lastn= / contributor-firstn= pairs
	
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;book&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and not utilities.is_set (A['Periodical']) then	-- |contributor= and |contribution= only supported in book cites
		c = extract_names (args, 'ContributorList');							-- fetch contributor list from |contributorn= / |contributor-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=
		
		if 0 &lt; #c then
			if not utilities.is_set (Contribution) then							-- |contributor= requires |contribution=
				utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'contribution');	-- add missing contribution error message
				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later
			end
			if 0 == #a then														-- |contributor= requires |author=
				utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'author');	-- add missing author error message
				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later
			end
		end
	else																		-- if not a book cite
		if utilities.select_one (args, cfg.aliases['ContributorList-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', 1 ) then	-- are there contributor name list parameters?
			utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_ignored');					-- add contributor ignored error message
		end
		Contribution = nil;														-- unset
	end

	local Title = A['Title'];
	local TitleLink = A['TitleLink'];

	local auto_select = '';														-- default is auto
	local accept_link;
	TitleLink, accept_link = utilities.has_accept_as_written (TitleLink, true);	-- test for accept-this-as-written markup
	if (not accept_link) and utilities.in_array (TitleLink, {'none', 'pmc', 'doi'}) then -- check for special keywords
		auto_select = TitleLink;												-- remember selection for later
		TitleLink = '';															-- treat as if |title-link= would have been empty
	end

	TitleLink = link_title_ok (TitleLink, A:ORIGIN ('TitleLink'), Title, 'title');	-- check for wiki-markup in |title-link= or wiki-markup in |title= when |title-link= is set

	local Section = '';															-- {{cite map}} only; preset to empty string for concatenation if not used
	if 'map' == config.CitationClass and 'section' == Chapter_origin then
		Section = A['Chapter'];													-- get |section= from |chapter= alias list; |chapter= and the other aliases not supported in {{cite map}}
		Chapter = '';															-- unset for now; will be reset later from |map= if present
	end

	local Periodical = A['Periodical'];
	local Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('Periodical');
	local ScriptPeriodical = A['ScriptPeriodical'];
	local ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptPeriodical');
	local TransPeriodical =  A['TransPeriodical'];
	local TransPeriodical_origin =  A:ORIGIN ('TransPeriodical');
	
	if (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical))) then
		local param;
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then									-- get a parameter name from one of these periodical related meta-parameters
			Periodical = '';													-- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters 
			param = Periodical_origin											-- get parameter name for error messaging
		elseif utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical) then
			TransPeriodical = '';												-- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters 
			param = TransPeriodical_origin;										-- get parameter name for error messaging
		elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then
			ScriptPeriodical = '';												-- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters 
			param = ScriptPeriodical_origin;									-- get parameter name for error messaging
		end

		if utilities.is_set (param) then										-- if we found one
			utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {param});			-- emit an error message
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
		local i;
		Periodical, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical);			-- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated 
		if i then																-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message
			utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {Periodical_origin});
		end
	end

	if 'mailinglist' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for {{cite mailing list}}
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (A ['MailingList']) then	-- both set emit an error TODO: make a function for this and similar?
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Periodical_origin) .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'mailinglist')});
		end

		Periodical = A ['MailingList'];											-- error or no, set Periodical to |mailinglist= value because this template is {{cite mailing list}}
		Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('MailingList');
	end

	-- web and news not tested for now because of 
	-- Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Is_there_a_semi-automated_tool_that_could_fix_these_annoying_&quot;Cite_Web&quot;_errors?
	if not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) then	-- 'periodical' templates require periodical parameter
	--	local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine', ['news'] = 'newspaper', ['web'] = 'website'};	-- for error message
		local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine'};			-- for error message
		if p[config.CitationClass]  then
			utilities.set_message ('err_missing_periodical', {config.CitationClass, p[config.CitationClass]});
		end
	end
	
	local Volume;
	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
			if not utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_no_volume_t) then	-- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used
				Volume = A['Volume'];											-- but does for all other 'periodicals'
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then
			if 'script-website' ~= ScriptPeriodical_origin then					-- {{citation}} does not render volume for |script-website=
				Volume = A['Volume'];											-- but does for all other 'periodicals'
			end
		else
			Volume = A['Volume'];												-- and does for non-'periodical' cites
		end
	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_volume) then	-- render |volume= for cs1 according to the configuration settings
		Volume = A['Volume'];
	end	
	extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Volume, A:ORIGIN ('Volume'), 'v');

	local Issue;
	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_issue_t) then	-- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used
			Issue =  A['Issue'];
		end
	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_issue) then	-- conference &amp; map books do not support issue; {{citation}} listed here because included in settings table
		if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'conference', 'map', 'citation'}) and not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical))) then
			Issue =  A['Issue'];
		end
	end
	
	local ArticleNumber;

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'conference'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then
		ArticleNumber = A['ArticleNumber'];
	end

	extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Issue, A:ORIGIN ('Issue'), 'i');
	Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (Issue);

	local Page;
	local Pages;
	local At;
	local QuotePage;
	local QuotePages;
	if not utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_not_using_page) then		-- TODO: rewrite to emit ignored parameter error message?
		Page = A['Page'];
		Pages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Pages']);	
		At = A['At'];
		QuotePage = A['QuotePage'];
		QuotePages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['QuotePages']);
	end

	local NoPP = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoPP'], A:ORIGIN('NoPP'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil);

	local Mode = mode_set (A['Mode'], A:ORIGIN('Mode'));

	-- separator character and postscript
	local sepc, PostScript = set_style (Mode:lower(), A['PostScript'], config.CitationClass);
	local Quote;
	Quote, QuotePage, QuotePages, PostScript = quote_make (A['Quote'], A['TransQuote'], A['ScriptQuote'], QuotePage, QuotePages, NoPP, sepc, PostScript);

	local Edition = A['Edition'];
	local PublicationPlace = place_check (A['PublicationPlace'], A:ORIGIN('PublicationPlace'));
	local Place = place_check (A['Place'], A:ORIGIN('Place'));
	
	local PublisherName = A['PublisherName'];
	local PublisherName_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublisherName');
	if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then
		local i;
		PublisherName, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (PublisherName);	-- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated; publisher is never italicized
		if i and (0 &lt; i) then													-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message
			utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {PublisherName_origin});
		end
	end
	
	if ('document' == config.CitationClass) and not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_missing_publisher', {config.CitationClass, 'publisher'});
	end

	local Newsgroup = A['Newsgroup'];											-- TODO: strip apostrophe markup?
	local Newsgroup_origin = A:ORIGIN('Newsgroup');	

	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then	-- general use parameter |publisher= not allowed in cite newsgroup
			utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {PublisherName_origin});
		end

		PublisherName = nil;													-- ensure that this parameter is unset for the time being; will be used again after COinS
	end

	if 'book' == config.CitationClass or 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then
		local accept;
		PublisherName, accept = utilities.has_accept_as_written (PublisherName);	-- check for and remove accept-as-written markup from |publisher= wrapped
		if not accept then														-- when no accept-as-written markup
			check_publisher_name (PublisherName);								-- emit maint message when |publisher= might be prefixed with publisher's location
		end
	end

	local URL = A['URL'];														-- TODO: better way to do this for URL, ChapterURL, and MapURL?
	local UrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('UrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	
	if not utilities.is_set (URL) and utilities.is_set (UrlAccess) then
		UrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', 'url');
	end
	
	local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL'];
	local ChapterUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['ChapterUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (ChapterUrlAccess) then
		ChapterUrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'):gsub ('%-access', '')});
	end

	local MapUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['MapUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('MapUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	if not utilities.is_set (A['MapURL']) and utilities.is_set (MapUrlAccess) then
		MapUrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {'map-url'});
	end

	local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();								-- also used for COinS and for language
	local no_tracking_cats = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoTracking'], A:ORIGIN('NoTracking'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil);

	-- check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories
	if not utilities.is_set (no_tracking_cats) then								-- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page
		if cfg.uncategorized_namespaces[this_page.namespace] then				-- is this page's namespace id one of the uncategorized namespace ids?
			no_tracking_cats = &quot;true&quot;;											-- set no_tracking_cats
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (cfg.uncategorized_subpages) do						-- cycle through page name patterns
			if this_page.text:match (v) then									-- test page name against each pattern
				no_tracking_cats = &quot;true&quot;;										-- set no_tracking_cats
				break;															-- bail out if one is found
			end
		end
	end
																				-- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. (also sheet and sheets while we're at it)
	utilities.select_one (args, {'page', 'p', 'pp', 'pages', 'at', 'sheet', 'sheets'}, 'err_redundant_parameters');	-- this is a dummy call simply to get the error message and category

	local coins_pages;
	
	Page, Pages, At, coins_pages = insource_loc_get (Page, A:ORIGIN('Page'), Pages, A:ORIGIN('Pages'), At);

	if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then	-- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('location-test');								-- add property cat to evaluate how often PublicationPlace and Place are used together
		if PublicationPlace == Place then
			Place = '';															-- unset; don't need both if they are the same
		end
	elseif not utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then	-- when only |place= (|location=) is set ...
		PublicationPlace = Place;												-- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place
	end

	if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; end							-- don't need both if they are the same

	local URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('URL');											-- get name of parameter that holds URL
	local ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL');							-- get name of parameter that holds ChapterURL
--	local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter'];
--	local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter');
	local Format = A['Format'];
	local ChapterFormat = A['ChapterFormat'];
	local TransChapter = A['TransChapter'];
	local TransChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter');
	local TransTitle = A['TransTitle'];
	local ScriptTitle = A['ScriptTitle'];
	
	--[[
	Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia:
	When the citation has these parameters:
		|encyclopedia= and |title= then map |title= to |article= and |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering
		|encyclopedia= and |article= then map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering

		|trans-title= maps to |trans-chapter= when |title= is re-mapped
		|url= maps to |chapter-url= when |title= is remapped
	
	All other combinations of |encyclopedia=, |title=, and |article= are not modified
	
	]]

	local Encyclopedia = A['Encyclopedia'];										-- used as a flag by this module and by ~/COinS
	local ScriptEncyclopedia = A['ScriptEncyclopedia'];
	local TransEncyclopedia = A['TransEncyclopedia'];

	if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then	-- emit error message when Encyclopedia set but template is other than {{cite encyclopedia}} or {{citation}}
		if 'encyclopaedia' ~= config.CitationClass and 'citation' ~= config.CitationClass then
			if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then
				utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia')});
			else
				utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia')});
			end
			Encyclopedia = nil;													-- unset these because not supported by this template
			ScriptEncyclopedia = nil;
			TransEncyclopedia = nil;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (TransEncyclopedia) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'encyclopedia'});
	end

	if ('encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then	-- when both parameters set emit an error message; {{citation}} only; Periodical not allowed in {{cite encyclopedia}}
			utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {Periodical_origin});
		end

		if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then
			Periodical = Encyclopedia;											-- error or no, set Periodical to Encyclopedia for rendering; {{citation}} could (not legitimately) have both; use Encyclopedia
			Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia');
			ScriptPeriodical = ScriptEncyclopedia;
			ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia');

			if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then
				if not utilities.is_set (Chapter) then
					Chapter = Title;											-- |encyclopedia= and |title= are set so map |title= params to |article= params for rendering
					ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
					ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle')
					TransChapter = TransTitle;
					ChapterURL = URL;
					ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
					ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
					ChapterFormat = Format;

					if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (TitleLink) then
						Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Chapter);
					end
					Title = Periodical;											-- now map |encyclopedia= params to |title= params for rendering
					ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or '';
					TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or '';
					Periodical = '';											-- redundant so unset
					ScriptPeriodical = '';
					URL = '';
					Format = '';
					TitleLink = '';
				end
			elseif utilities.is_set (Chapter) or utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then	-- |title= not set
				Title = Periodical;												-- |encyclopedia= set and |article= set so map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering
				ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or '';
				TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or '';
				Periodical = '';												-- redundant so unset
				ScriptPeriodical = '';
			end
		end
	end

	-- special case for cite techreport.
	local ID = A['ID'];
	if (config.CitationClass == &quot;techreport&quot;) then								-- special case for cite techreport
		if utilities.is_set (A['Number']) then									-- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations alias to 'issue'
			if not utilities.is_set (ID) then									-- can we use ID for the &quot;number&quot;?
				ID = A['Number'];												-- yes, use it
			else																-- ID has a value so emit error message
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'id') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'number')});
			end
		end	
	end

	-- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data.
	local ChapterLink -- = A['ChapterLink'];									-- deprecated as a parameter but still used internally by cite episode
	local Conference = A['Conference'];
	local BookTitle = A['BookTitle'];
	local TransTitle_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransTitle');
	if 'conference' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (BookTitle) then
			Chapter = Title;
			Chapter_origin = 'title';
	--		ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- |chapter-link= is deprecated
			ChapterURL = URL;
			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
			ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
			URL_origin = '';
			ChapterFormat = Format;
			TransChapter = TransTitle;
			TransChapter_origin = TransTitle_origin;
			Title = BookTitle;
			Format = '';
	--		TitleLink = '';
			TransTitle = '';
			URL = '';
		end
	elseif 'speech' ~= config.CitationClass then
		Conference = '';														-- not cite conference or cite speech so make sure this is empty string
	end
	
	local cs2_lower = function (text)											-- if mode is cs2, use lower case
		if (sepc ~= '.') then
			return text:lower();
		end
		
		return text;
	end
	local use_lowercase = ( sepc == ',' );										-- controls capitalization of certain static text
	
	-- cite map oddities
	local Cartography = &quot;&quot;;
	local Scale = &quot;&quot;;
	local Sheet = A['Sheet'] or '';
	local Sheets = A['Sheets'] or '';
	if config.CitationClass == &quot;map&quot; then
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then										--TODO: make a function for this and similar?
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'map') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Chapter_origin)});	-- add error message
		end
		Chapter = A['Map'];
		Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('Map');										-- for now, ignore linter warning
		ChapterURL = A['MapURL'];
		ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('MapURL');
		TransChapter = A['TransMap'];
		ScriptChapter = A['ScriptMap']
		ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptMap')

		ChapterUrlAccess = MapUrlAccess;
		ChapterFormat = A['MapFormat'];

		Cartography = A['Cartography'];
		if utilities.is_set ( Cartography ) then
			Cartography = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase);
		end		
		Scale = A['Scale'];
		if utilities.is_set ( Scale ) then
			Scale = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Scale;
		end
	end

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite episode}} and {{cite serial}}, before generation of COinS data.
	local Series = A['Series'];
	if 'episode' == config.CitationClass or 'serial' == config.CitationClass then
		local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink'];

		SeriesLink = link_title_ok (SeriesLink, A:ORIGIN ('SeriesLink'), Series, 'series');	-- check for wiki-markup in |series-link= or wiki-markup in |series= when |series-link= is set

		local Network = A['Network'];
		local Station = A['Station'];
		local s, n = {}, {};
																				-- do common parameters first
		if utilities.is_set (Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end
		if utilities.is_set (Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end
		ID = table.concat(n, sepc .. ' ');
		
		if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- handle the oddities that are strictly {{cite episode}}
			local Season = A['Season'];
			local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber'];

			if utilities.is_set (Season) and utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then	-- these are mutually exclusive so if both are set TODO: make a function for this and similar?
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'season') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'seriesno')});		-- add error message
				SeriesNumber = '';												-- unset; prefer |season= over |seriesno=
			end
																				-- assemble a table of parts concatenated later into Series
			if utilities.is_set (Season) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('season', Season, use_lowercase)); end
			if utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('seriesnum', SeriesNumber, use_lowercase)); end
			if utilities.is_set (Issue) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('episode', Issue, use_lowercase)); end
			Issue = '';															-- unset because this is not a unique parameter
	
			Chapter = Title;													-- promote title parameters to chapter
			ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
			ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle');
			ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- alias |episode-link=
			TransChapter = TransTitle;
			ChapterURL = URL;
			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
			ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
			ChapterFormat = Format;

			Title = Series;														-- promote series to title
			TitleLink = SeriesLink;
			Series = table.concat(s, sepc .. ' ');								-- this is concatenation of season, seriesno, episode number

			if utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then	-- link but not URL
				Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Chapter);
			elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then	-- if both are set, URL links episode;
				Series = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Series);
			end
			URL = '';															-- unset
			TransTitle = '';
			ScriptTitle = '';
			Format = '';
			
		else																	-- now oddities that are cite serial
			Issue = '';															-- unset because this parameter no longer supported by the citation/core version of cite serial
			Chapter = A['Episode'];												-- TODO: make |episode= available to cite episode someday?
			if utilities.is_set (Series) and utilities.is_set (SeriesLink) then
				Series = utilities.make_wikilink (SeriesLink, Series);
			end
			Series = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Series);				-- series is italicized
		end	
	end
	-- end of {{cite episode}} stuff

	-- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values
	local TitleType = A['TitleType'];
	local Degree = A['Degree'];
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'AV-media-notes', 'document', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'podcast', 'pressrelease', 'report', 'speech', 'techreport', 'thesis'}) then
		TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType);
		if utilities.is_set (Degree) and &quot;Thesis&quot; == TitleType then				-- special case for cite thesis
			TitleType = Degree .. ' ' .. cfg.title_types ['thesis']:lower();
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (TitleType) then										-- if type parameter is specified
		TitleType = utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['type'], TitleType);	-- display it in parentheses
	-- TODO: Hack on TitleType to fix bunched parentheses problem
	end

	-- legacy: promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set.
	local Date = A['Date'];
 	local Date_origin;															-- to hold the name of parameter promoted to Date; required for date error messaging
	local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate'];
	local Year = A['Year'];

	if utilities.is_set (Year) then
		validation.year_check (Year);											-- returns nothing; emits maint message when |year= doesn't hold a 'year' value
	end
		
	if not utilities.is_set (Date) then
		Date = Year;															-- promote Year to Date
		Year = nil;																-- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF
		if not utilities.is_set (Date) and utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then	-- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set
			Date = PublicationDate;												-- promote PublicationDate to Date
			PublicationDate = '';												-- unset, no longer needed
			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublicationDate');							-- save the name of the promoted parameter
		else
			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Year');										-- save the name of the promoted parameter
		end
	else
		Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Date');											-- not a promotion; name required for error messaging
	end

	if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ''; end					-- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation

	--[[
	Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where
	we get the date used in the metadata.
	
	Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation
	]]

	local DF = is_valid_parameter_value (A['DF'], A:ORIGIN('DF'), cfg.keywords_lists['df'], '');
	if not utilities.is_set (DF) then
		DF = cfg.global_df;														-- local |df= if present overrides global df set by {{use xxx date}} template
	end

	local ArchiveURL;
	local ArchiveDate;
	local ArchiveFormat = A['ArchiveFormat'];
	local archive_url_timestamp;												-- timestamp from wayback machine url
	
	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp = archive_url_check (A['ArchiveURL'], A['ArchiveDate'])
	ArchiveFormat = style_format (ArchiveFormat, ArchiveURL, 'archive-format', 'archive-url');
	
	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate = is_unique_archive_url (ArchiveURL, URL, ChapterURL, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), ArchiveDate);		-- add error message when URL or ChapterURL == ArchiveURL

	local AccessDate = A['AccessDate'];
	local COinS_date = {};														-- holds date info extracted from |date= for the COinS metadata by Module:Date verification
	local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken'];
	local Embargo = A['Embargo'];
	local anchor_year;															-- used in the CITEREF identifier
	do	-- create defined block to contain local variables date_parameters_list, mismatch
		local date_parameters_list = {											-- AirDate has been promoted to Date so not necessary to check it
			['access-date'] = {val = AccessDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('AccessDate')},
			['archive-date'] = {val = ArchiveDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('ArchiveDate')},
			['date'] = {val = Date, name = Date_origin},
			['doi-broken-date'] = {val = DoiBroken, name = A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')},
			['pmc-embargo-date'] = {val = Embargo, name = A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')},
			['publication-date'] = {val = PublicationDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('PublicationDate')},
			['year'] = {val = Year, name = A:ORIGIN ('Year')},
			};

		local error_list = {};
		anchor_year, Embargo = validation.dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date, error_list);

		if utilities.is_set (Year) and utilities.is_set (Date) then				-- both |date= and |year= not normally needed; 
			validation.year_date_check (Year, A:ORIGIN ('Year'), Date, A:ORIGIN ('Date'), error_list);
		end

		if 0 == #error_list then												-- error free dates only; 0 when error_list is empty
			local modified = false;												-- flag
			
			if utilities.is_set (DF) then										-- if we need to reformat dates
				modified = validation.reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, DF);	-- reformat to DF format, use long month names if appropriate
			end

			if true == validation.date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) then	-- convert hyphens to dashes where appropriate
				modified = true;
				utilities.set_message ('maint_date_format');					-- hyphens were converted so add maint category
			end
			
	-- for those wikis that can and want to have English date names translated to the local language; not supported at en.wiki
			if cfg.date_name_auto_xlate_enable and validation.date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, cfg.date_digit_auto_xlate_enable ) then
				utilities.set_message ('maint_date_auto_xlated');				-- add maint cat
				modified = true;
			end

			if modified then													-- if the date_parameters_list values were modified
				AccessDate = date_parameters_list['access-date'].val;			-- overwrite date holding parameters with modified values
				ArchiveDate = date_parameters_list['archive-date'].val;
				Date = date_parameters_list['date'].val;
				DoiBroken = date_parameters_list['doi-broken-date'].val;
				PublicationDate = date_parameters_list['publication-date'].val;
			end

			if archive_url_timestamp and utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
				validation.archive_date_check (ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp, DF);	-- does YYYYMMDD in archive_url_timestamp match date in ArchiveDate
			end
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_date', {utilities.make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)});	-- add this error message
		end
	end	-- end of do

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) or	-- {{cite book}}, {{cite encyclopedia}}; TODO: {{cite conference}} and others?
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or			-- {{citation}} as an encylopedia citation
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then		-- {{citation}} as a book citation
			if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then
				if not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
					local date = COinS_date.rftdate and tonumber (COinS_date.rftdate:match ('%d%d%d%d'));	-- get year portion of COinS date (because in Arabic numerals); convert string to number
					if date and (1850 &lt;= date) then								-- location has no publisher; if date is 1850 or later
						utilities.set_message ('maint_location_no_publisher');	-- add maint cat
					end
				else															-- PublisherName has a value
					if cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] == PublisherName then			-- if that value is 'none' (only for book and encyclopedia citations)
						PublisherName = '';										-- unset
					end
				end
			end
	end

	local ID_list_t;															-- sequence table of rendered identifiers
	local ID_list_coins_t;														-- table of identifiers and their values from args; key is same as cfg.id_handlers's key
	local Class = A['Class'];													-- arxiv class identifier
	
	local ID_support = {
		{A['ASINTLD'], 'ASIN', 'err_asintld_missing_asin', A:ORIGIN ('ASINTLD')},				
		{DoiBroken, 'DOI', 'err_doibroken_missing_doi', A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')},
		{Embargo, 'PMC', 'err_embargo_missing_pmc', A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')},
		}

	ID_list_t, ID_list_coins_t = identifiers.identifier_lists_get (args, {
		DoiBroken = DoiBroken,													-- for |doi=
		ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'],													-- for |asin=
		Embargo = Embargo,														-- for |pmc=
		Class = Class,															-- for |arxiv=
		CitationClass = config.CitationClass,									-- for |arxiv=
		Year=anchor_year,														-- for |isbn=
		}, ID_support);

	for _, id in ipairs (ID_list_t) do											-- search through the ID_list_t sequence looking for an ISBN identifier string
		if id:find ('ISBN', 3, true) then										-- plain find, start at index 3 ([[ISBN)
			if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then							-- catch ve/citoid malformed book cites in {{citation}} templates
				if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then							-- when a |work= alias is set
					utilities.set_message ('maint_work_isbn');					-- add maint cat
					break;														-- and abandon
				end
			elseif ({['journal'] = true, ['magazine'] = true, ['news'] = true, ['web'] = true})[config.CitationClass] then
				utilities.set_message ('maint_periodical_has_isbn');			-- add maint cat
				break;															-- and abandon
			end
		end
	end

--	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then									-- catch ve/citoid malformed book cites in {{citation}} templates
--		for _, id in ipairs (ID_list_t) do										-- search through the ID_list_t sequence looking for an ISBN identifier string
--			if id:find ('ISBN', 3, true) then									-- plain find, start at index 3 ([[ISBN)
--				if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then							-- when a |work= alias is set
--					utilities.set_message ('maint_work_isbn');					-- add maint cat
--				end
--			end
--		end
--	end

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, {{cite ssrn}}, before generation of COinS data.
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- |arxiv= or |eprint= required for cite arxiv; |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |medrxiv=, |ssrn= required for their templates
		if not (args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[1]] or 		-- can't use ID_list_coins_t k/v table here because invalid parameters omitted
			args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[2]]) then			-- which causes unexpected parameter missing error message
				utilities.set_message ('err_' .. config.CitationClass .. '_missing');		-- add error message
		end

		Periodical = ({['arxiv'] = 'arXiv', ['biorxiv'] = 'bioRxiv', ['citeseerx'] = 'CiteSeerX', ['medrxiv'] = 'medRxiv', ['ssrn'] = 'Social Science Research Network'})[config.CitationClass];
	end

	-- Link the title of the work if no |url= was provided, but we have a |pmc= or a |doi= with |doi-access=free

	if config.CitationClass == &quot;journal&quot; and not utilities.is_set (URL) and not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) then -- TODO: remove 'none' once existing citations have been switched to 'off', so 'none' can be used as token for &quot;no title&quot; instead
		if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[auto_select] then						-- if auto-linking not disabled
 	 		if identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select] then						-- manual selection
		 		URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select];					-- set URL to be the same as identifier's external link
 				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers[auto_select:upper()].parameters[1];	-- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
			elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'] then						-- auto-select PMC
				URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'];						-- set URL to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed
				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1];				-- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
			elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'] then						-- auto-select DOI
				URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'];
				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['DOI'].parameters[1];
			end
 	 	end

		if utilities.is_set (URL) then											-- set when using an identifier-created URL
			if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then								-- |access-date= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url=
				utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url');			-- add an error message
				AccessDate = '';												-- unset
			end

			if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then								-- |archive-url= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url=
				utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');				-- add an error message
				ArchiveURL = '';												-- unset
			end
		end
	end

	-- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.
	-- Test if citation has no title
	if	not utilities.is_set (Title) and not utilities.is_set (TransTitle) and not utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then	-- has special case for cite episode
		utilities.set_message ('err_citation_missing_title', {'episode' == config.CitationClass and 'series' or 'title'});
	end

	if utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) and
			utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'citation'}) and
			(utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and
			('journal' == Periodical_origin or 'script-journal' == ScriptPeriodical_origin) then	-- special case for journal cites
				Title = '';														-- set title to empty string
				utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled');						-- add maint cat
	end

	if 'journal' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then
		if is_page_art_num (((utilities.is_set (Page) and Page) or (utilities.is_set (Pages) and Pages)) or nil, ID_list_coins_t['DOI']) then			-- does |page(s)= look like it holds an article number
			utilities.set_message ('maint_page_art_num');						-- add maint cat
		end
	end

	-- COinS metadata (see &lt;http://ocoins.info/&gt;) for automated parsing of citation information.
	-- handle the oddity that is cite encyclopedia and {{citation |encyclopedia=something}}. Here we presume that
	-- when Periodical, Title, and Chapter are all set, then Periodical is the book (encyclopedia) title, Title
	-- is the article title, and Chapter is a section within the article.  So, we remap 
	
	local coins_chapter = Chapter;												-- default assuming that remapping not required
	local coins_title = Title;													-- et tu
	if 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and utilities.is_set (Title) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then		-- if all are used then
			coins_chapter = Title;												-- remap
			coins_title = Periodical;
		end
	end
	local coins_author = a;														-- default for coins rft.au 
	if 0 &lt; #c then																-- but if contributor list
		coins_author = c;														-- use that instead
	end
	
	-- this is the function call to COinS()
	local OCinSoutput = metadata.COinS({
		['Periodical'] = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical),		-- no markup in the metadata
		['Encyclopedia'] = Encyclopedia,										-- just a flag; content ignored by ~/COinS
		['Chapter'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_chapter, ScriptChapter),	-- Chapter and ScriptChapter stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup
		['Degree'] = Degree;													-- cite thesis only
		['Title'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_title, ScriptTitle),		-- Title and ScriptTitle stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup
		['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace,
		['Date'] = COinS_date.rftdate,											-- COinS_date.* has correctly formatted date values if Date is valid;
		['Season'] = COinS_date.rftssn,
		['Quarter'] = COinS_date.rftquarter,
		['Chron'] =  COinS_date.rftchron,
		['Series'] = Series,
		['Volume'] = Volume,
		['Issue'] = Issue,
		['ArticleNumber'] = ArticleNumber,
		['Pages'] = coins_pages or metadata.get_coins_pages (first_set ({Sheet, Sheets, Page, Pages, At, QuotePage, QuotePages}, 7)),	-- pages stripped of external links
		['Edition'] = Edition,
		['PublisherName'] = PublisherName or Newsgroup,							-- any apostrophe markup already removed from PublisherName
		['URL'] = first_set ({ChapterURL, URL}, 2),
		['Authors'] = coins_author,
		['ID_list'] = ID_list_coins_t,
		['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText,
	}, config.CitationClass);

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, and {{cite ssrn}} AFTER generation of COinS data.
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- we have set rft.jtitle in COinS to arXiv, bioRxiv, CiteSeerX, medRxiv, or ssrn now unset so it isn't displayed
		Periodical = '';														-- periodical not allowed in these templates; if article has been published, use cite journal
	end

	-- special case for cite newsgroup.  Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername to include some static text
	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Newsgroup) then
		PublisherName = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['newsgroup'], external_link( 'news:' .. Newsgroup, Newsgroup, Newsgroup_origin, nil ));
	end

	local Editors;
	local EditorCount;															-- used only for choosing {ed.) or (eds.) annotation at end of editor name-list
	local Contributors;															-- assembled contributors name list
	local contributor_etal = nil;												-- must be intentionally initialized

	local Translators;															-- assembled translators name list
	local translator_etal = nil;												-- must be intentionally initialized
	local t = extract_names (args, 'TranslatorList');							-- fetch translator list from |translatorn= / |translator-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=

	local Interviewers;															
	local interviewers_list = extract_names (args, 'InterviewerList');			-- process preferred interviewers parameters
	local interviewer_etal = nil;												-- must be intentionally initialized
	
	-- Now perform various field substitutions.
	-- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the
	-- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
	do
		local last_first_list;
		local control = { 
			format = NameListStyle,												-- empty string, '&amp;', 'amp', 'and', or 'vanc'
			maximum = nil,														-- as if display-authors or display-editors not set
			mode = Mode
		};

		do																		-- do editor name list first because the now unsupported coauthors used to modify control table
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayEditors'], A['DisplayEditors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayEditors'), #e);
			control.maximum, editor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #e, editor_etal, param);

			Editors, EditorCount = list_people (control, e, editor_etal);

			if 1 == EditorCount and (true == editor_etal or 1 &lt; #e) then		-- only one editor displayed but includes etal then 
				EditorCount = 2;												-- spoof to display (eds.) annotation
			end
		end
		do																		-- now do interviewers
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayInterviewers'], A['DisplayInterviewers'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayInterviewers'), #interviewers_list);
			control.maximum, interviewer_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #interviewers_list, interviewer_etal, param);

			Interviewers = list_people (control, interviewers_list, interviewer_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do translators
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayTranslators'], A['DisplayTranslators'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayTranslators'), #t);
			control.maximum, translator_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #t, translator_etal, param);

			Translators = list_people (control, t, translator_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do contributors
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayContributors'], A['DisplayContributors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayContributors'), #c);
			control.maximum, contributor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #c, contributor_etal, param);

			Contributors = list_people (control, c, contributor_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do authors
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayAuthors'], A['DisplayAuthors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayAuthors'), #a, author_etal);
			control.maximum, author_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #a, author_etal, param);

			last_first_list = list_people (control, a, author_etal);

			if utilities.is_set (Authors) then
				Authors, author_etal = name_has_etal (Authors, author_etal, false, 'authors');	-- find and remove variations on et al.
				if author_etal then
					Authors = Authors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];			-- add et al. to authors parameter
				end
			else
				Authors = last_first_list;										-- either an author name list or an empty string
			end
		end																		-- end of do
	
		if utilities.is_set (Authors) and utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then
			Authors = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['collaboration'], {Authors, Collaboration});	-- add collaboration after et al.
		end

	end

	local ConferenceFormat = A['ConferenceFormat'];
	local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL'];
	ConferenceFormat = style_format (ConferenceFormat, ConferenceURL, 'conference-format', 'conference-url');
	Format = style_format (Format, URL, 'format', 'url');

	-- special case for chapter format so no error message or cat when chapter not supported
	if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia))) then
			ChapterFormat = style_format (ChapterFormat, ChapterURL, 'chapter-format', 'chapter-url');
	end

	if not utilities.is_set (URL) then
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;web&quot;, &quot;podcast&quot;, &quot;mailinglist&quot;}) or		-- |url= required for {{cite web}}, {{cite podcast}}, and {{cite mailing list}}
			('citation' == config.CitationClass and ('website' == Periodical_origin or 'script-website' == ScriptPeriodical_origin)) then	-- and required for {{citation}} with |website= or |script-website=
				if not url_was_archive_today then								-- is &lt;URL&gt; empty/missing because it was a deprecated archive.today url
					utilities.set_message ('err_cite_web_url');					-- no; emit an error message for an empty/ missing |url=
				end
		end
		
		-- do we have |accessdate= without either |url= or |chapter-url=?
		if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then		-- ChapterURL may be set when URL is not set;
			utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url');
			AccessDate = '';
		end
	end

	local UrlStatus = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlStatus'], A:ORIGIN('UrlStatus'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-status'], '');
	local OriginalURL
	local OriginalURL_origin
	local OriginalFormat
	local OriginalAccess;
	UrlStatus = UrlStatus:lower();												-- used later when assembling archived text
	if utilities.is_set ( ArchiveURL ) then
		if utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then 									-- if chapter-url= is set apply archive url to it
			OriginalURL = ChapterURL;											-- save copy of source chapter's url for archive text
			OriginalURL_origin = ChapterURL_origin;								-- name of |chapter-url= parameter for error messages
			OriginalFormat = ChapterFormat;										-- and original |chapter-format=

			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then
				ChapterURL = ArchiveURL											-- swap-in the archive's URL
				ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')						-- name of |archive-url= parameter for error messages
				ChapterFormat = ArchiveFormat or '';							-- swap in archive's format
				ChapterUrlAccess = nil;											-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (URL) then
			OriginalURL = URL;													-- save copy of original source URL
			OriginalURL_origin = URL_origin;									-- name of URL parameter for error messages
			OriginalFormat = Format; 											-- and original |format=
			OriginalAccess = UrlAccess;

			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then											-- if URL set then |archive-url= applies to it
				URL = ArchiveURL												-- swap-in the archive's URL
				URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')								-- name of archive URL parameter for error messages
				Format = ArchiveFormat or '';									-- swap in archive's format
				UrlAccess = nil;												-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs
			end
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (UrlStatus) then									-- if |url-status= is set when |archive-url= is not set
 		utilities.set_message ('maint_url_status');								-- add maint cat
	end

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or	-- if any of the 'periodical' cites except encyclopedia
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
			local chap_param;
			if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then									-- get a parameter name from one of these chapter related meta-parameters
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter')
			elseif utilities.is_set (TransChapter) then
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter')
			elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterURL')
			elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then
				chap_param = ScriptChapter_origin;
			else utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat)
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterFormat')
			end

			if utilities.is_set (chap_param) then								-- if we found one
				utilities.set_message ('err_chapter_ignored', {chap_param});	-- add error message
				Chapter = '';													-- and set them to empty string to be safe with concatenation
				TransChapter = '';												-- for now, ignore linter warnings
				ChapterURL = '';
				ScriptChapter = '';
				ChapterFormat = '';
			end
	else																		-- otherwise, format chapter / article title
		local no_quotes = false;												-- default assume that we will be quoting the chapter parameter value
		if utilities.is_set (Contribution) and 0 &lt; #c then						-- if this is a contribution with contributor(s)
			if utilities.in_array (Contribution:lower(), cfg.keywords_lists.contribution) then	-- and a generic contribution title
				no_quotes = true;												-- then render it unquoted
			end
		end

		Chapter = format_chapter_title (ScriptChapter, ScriptChapter_origin, Chapter, TransChapter, TransChapter_origin, ChapterURL, ChapterURL_origin, no_quotes, ChapterUrlAccess);	-- Contribution is also in Chapter
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then
			Chapter = Chapter .. ChapterFormat ;
			if 'map' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (TitleType) then
				Chapter = Chapter .. ' ' .. TitleType;							-- map annotation here; not after title
			end
			Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. ' ';
		elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) then							-- |chapter= not set but |chapter-format= is so ...
			Chapter = ChapterFormat .. sepc .. ' ';								-- ... ChapterFormat has error message, we want to see it
		end
	end

	-- Format main title
	local plain_title = false;
	local accept_title;
	Title, accept_title = utilities.has_accept_as_written (Title, true);		-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;Title&gt;
	if accept_title and ('' == Title) then										-- only support forced empty for now &quot;(())&quot;
		Title = cfg.messages['notitle'];										-- replace by predefined &quot;No title&quot; message
			-- TODO: utilities.set_message ( 'err_redundant_parameters', ...);	-- issue proper error message instead of muting	 
			ScriptTitle = '';													-- just mute for now	 
			TransTitle = '';													-- just mute for now
 		plain_title = true;														-- suppress text decoration for descriptive title
		utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled');								-- add maint cat
	end

	if not accept_title then													-- &lt;Title&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
		if '...' == Title:sub (-3) then											-- if ellipsis is the last three characters of |title=
			Title = Title:gsub ('(%.%.%.)%.+$', '%1');							-- limit the number of dots to three
		elseif not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%.%s*%a%.$') and					-- end of title is not a 'dot-(optional space-)letter-dot' initialism ...
			not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%s+%a%.$') then						-- ...and not a 'space-letter-dot' initial (''Allium canadense'' L.)
				Title = mw.ustring.gsub(Title, '%' .. sepc .. '$', '');			-- remove any trailing separator character; sepc and ms.ustring() here for languages that use multibyte separator characters
		end

		if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) and is_archived_copy (Title) then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_archived_copy');						-- add maintenance category before we modify the content of Title
		end

		if is_generic ('generic_titles', Title) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_generic_title');						-- set an error message
		end
	end

	if (not plain_title) and (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'document', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'mailinglist', 'interview', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or
		('map' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)))) then		-- special case for cite map when the map is in a periodical treat as an article
			Title = kern_quotes (Title);										-- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks
			Title = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', Title);
			Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
			TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
	elseif plain_title or ('report' == config.CitationClass) then				-- no styling for cite report and descriptive titles (otherwise same as above)
		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
		TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );	-- for cite report, use this form for trans-title
	else
		Title = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Title);
		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
		TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', TransTitle);
	end

	if utilities.is_set (TransTitle) then
		if utilities.is_set (Title) then
			TransTitle = &quot; &quot; .. TransTitle;
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'title'});
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Title) then											-- TODO: is this the right place to be making Wikisource URLs?
		if utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url');						-- set an error message because we can't have both
			TitleLink = '';														-- unset
		end
	
		if not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then
			Title = external_link (URL, Title, URL_origin, UrlAccess) .. TransTitle .. Format;
			URL = '';															-- unset these because no longer needed
			Format = '';														-- for now, ignore linter warning
		elseif utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.is_set (URL) then
			local ws_url;
			ws_url = wikisource_url_make (TitleLink);							-- ignore ws_label return; not used here
			if ws_url then
				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in title-link');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this?
				Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], TitleLink, Title});				
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			else
				Title = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Title) .. TransTitle;
			end
		else
			local ws_url, ws_label, L;											-- Title has italic or quote markup by the time we get here which causes is_wikilink() to return 0 (not a wikilink)
			ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (Title:gsub('^[\'&quot;]*(.-)[\'&quot;]*$', '%1'));	-- make ws URL from |title= interwiki link (strip italic or quote markup); link portion L becomes tooltip label
			if ws_url then
				Title = Title:gsub ('%b[]', ws_label);							-- replace interwiki link with ws_label to retain markup
				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in title');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this?
				Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, Title});				
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			else
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			end
		end
	else
		Title = TransTitle;
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Place) then
		Place = &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('written', Place, use_lowercase) .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;
	end

	local ConferenceURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds ConferenceURL
	if utilities.is_set (Conference) then
		if utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then
			Conference = external_link( ConferenceURL, Conference, ConferenceURL_origin, nil );
		end
		Conference = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Conference .. ConferenceFormat;
	elseif utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then
		Conference = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. external_link( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURL_origin, nil );
	end

	local Position = '';
	if not utilities.is_set (Position) then
		local Minutes = A['Minutes'];
		local Time = A['Time'];

		if utilities.is_set (Minutes) then
			if utilities.is_set (Time) then		--TODO: make a function for this and similar?
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'minutes') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'time')});
			end
			Position = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.minutes, Minutes);
		else
			if utilities.is_set (Time) then
				local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption']
				if not utilities.is_set (TimeCaption) then
					TimeCaption = cs2_lower(cfg.messages['event']);
				end
				Position = &quot; &quot; .. TimeCaption .. &quot; &quot; .. Time;
			end
		end
	else
		Position = &quot; &quot; .. Position;
		At = '';
	end

	Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets = format_pages_sheets (Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, NoPP, use_lowercase);

	At = utilities.is_set (At) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. At) or &quot;&quot;;
	Position = utilities.is_set (Position) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Position) or &quot;&quot;;
	if config.CitationClass == 'map' then
		local Sections = A['Sections'];											-- Section (singular) is an alias of Chapter so set earlier
		local Inset = A['Inset'];
		
		if utilities.is_set ( Inset ) then
			Inset = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('inset', Inset, use_lowercase);
		end			

		if utilities.is_set ( Sections ) then
			Section = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('sections', Sections, use_lowercase);
		elseif utilities.is_set ( Section ) then
			Section = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('section', Section, use_lowercase);
		end
		At = At .. Inset .. Section;		
	end	

	local Others = A['Others'];
	if utilities.is_set (Others) and 0 == #a and 0 == #e then					-- add maint cat when |others= has value and used without |author=, |editor=
		if config.CitationClass == &quot;AV-media-notes&quot;
		or config.CitationClass == &quot;audio-visual&quot; then							-- special maint for AV/M which has a lot of 'false' positives right now
			utilities.set_message ('maint_others_avm')
		else
			utilities.set_message ('maint_others');
		end
	end
	Others = utilities.is_set (Others) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Others) or &quot;&quot;;
	
	if utilities.is_set (Translators) then
		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('translated', Translators, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc);
	end
	if utilities.is_set (Interviewers) then
		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('interview', Interviewers, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc);
	end
	
	local TitleNote = A['TitleNote'];
	TitleNote = utilities.is_set (TitleNote) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. TitleNote) or &quot;&quot;;
	if utilities.is_set (Edition) then
		if Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]d%n?%.?$') or Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]dition$') then -- Ed, ed, Ed., ed., Edn, edn, Edn., edn.
			utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_edition');					 -- add error message
		end
		Edition = &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('edition', Edition);
	else
		Edition = '';
	end

	Series = utilities.is_set (Series) and wrap_msg ('series', {sepc, Series}) or &quot;&quot;;	-- not the same as SeriesNum
	local Agency = A['Agency'] or '';											-- |agency= is supported by {{cite magazine}}, {{cite news}}, {{cite press release}}, {{cite web}}, and certain {{citation}} templates
	if utilities.is_set (Agency) then											-- this testing done here because {{citation}} supports 'news' citations
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'magazine', 'news', 'pressrelease', 'web'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, {&quot;magazine&quot;, &quot;newspaper&quot;, &quot;work&quot;})) then
			Agency = wrap_msg ('agency', {sepc, Agency});						-- format for rendering
		else
			Agency = '';														-- unset; not supported
			utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {'agency'});		-- add error message
		end
	end
	
	Volume = format_volume_issue (Volume, Issue, ArticleNumber, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, use_lowercase);

	if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then
		local retrv_text = &quot; &quot; .. cfg.messages['retrieved'];

		AccessDate = nowrap_date (AccessDate);									-- wrap in nowrap span if date in appropriate format
		retrv_text = cs2_lower(retrv_text);										-- if mode is cs2, lower case
		AccessDate = utilities.substitute (retrv_text, AccessDate);				-- add retrieved text

		AccessDate = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['accessdate'], {sepc, AccessDate});	-- allow editors to hide accessdates
	end
	
	if utilities.is_set (ID) then ID = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. ID; end
	
	local Docket = A['Docket'];
   	if &quot;thesis&quot; == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then
		ID = sepc .. &quot; Docket &quot; .. Docket .. ID;
	end
   	if &quot;report&quot; == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then		-- for cite report when |docket= is set
		ID = sepc .. ' ' .. Docket;												-- overwrite ID even if |id= is set
	end

	if utilities.is_set (URL) then
		URL = &quot; &quot; .. external_link( URL, nil, URL_origin, UrlAccess );
	end
	
	-- We check length of PostScript here because it will have been nuked by
	-- the quote parameters. We'd otherwise emit a message even if there wasn't
	-- a displayed postscript.
	-- TODO: Should the max size (1) be configurable?
	-- TODO: Should we check a specific pattern?
	if utilities.is_set(PostScript) and mw.ustring.len(PostScript) &gt; 1 then
		utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript')
	end
	
	local Archived;
	if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then
		if not utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then								-- ArchiveURL set but ArchiveDate not set
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_date');					-- emit an error message
			ArchiveURL = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			ArchiveDate = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	else														
		if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then									-- ArchiveURL not set but ArchiveDate is set
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_date_missing_url');				-- emit an error message
			ArchiveURL = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			ArchiveDate = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then
		if &quot;live&quot; == UrlStatus then
			if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
				Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['archived-live'],
					{ external_link( ArchiveURL, cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived']), A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), nil) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } );
			else
				Archived = '';
			end
			if not utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then
				utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');
				Archived = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then								-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead', 'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'
			if utilities.in_array (UrlStatus, {'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'}) then
				Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived-unfit']), ArchiveDate);
				if 'bot: unknown' == UrlStatus then
					utilities.set_message ('maint_bot_unknown');				-- and add a category if not already added
				else
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('unfit');							-- and add a category if not already added
				end
			else																-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead'
				if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
					Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived-dead']),
						{ external_link( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'], OriginalURL_origin, OriginalAccess ) .. OriginalFormat, ArchiveDate } );
				else
					Archived = '';												-- unset for concatenation
				end
			end	
		else																	-- OriginalUrl not set
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');
			Archived = '';														-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (ArchiveFormat) then
		Archived = ArchiveFormat;												-- if set and ArchiveURL not set ArchiveFormat has error message
	else
		Archived = '';
	end
	
	local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL']
	local TranscriptFormat = A['TranscriptFormat'];
	TranscriptFormat = style_format (TranscriptFormat, TranscriptURL, 'transcript-format', 'transcripturl');
	local Transcript = A['Transcript'];
	local TranscriptURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds TranscriptURL
	if utilities.is_set (Transcript) then
		if utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then
			Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, Transcript, TranscriptURL_origin, nil );
		end
		Transcript = sepc .. ' ' .. Transcript .. TranscriptFormat;
	elseif utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then
		Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURL_origin, nil );
	end

	local Publisher;
	if utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then
		PublicationDate = wrap_msg ('published', PublicationDate);
	end
	if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
		if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then
			Publisher = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublicationPlace .. &quot;: &quot; .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;
		else
			Publisher = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;  
		end			
	elseif utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then 
		Publisher= sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate;
	else 
		Publisher = PublicationDate;
	end
	
	-- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
	if (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (TitleNote) then 
			Periodical = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin);
		else 
			Periodical = format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin);
		end
	end
	
	local Language = A['Language'];
	if utilities.is_set (Language) then
		Language = language_parameter (Language);								-- format, categories, name from ISO639-1, etc.
	else
		Language='';															-- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string;
	--[[ TODO: need to extract the wrap_msg from language_parameter
	so that we can solve parentheses bunching problem with Format/Language/TitleType
	]]
	end

	--[[
	Handle the oddity that is cite speech.  This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be &quot; (Speech)&quot; so that
	the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided).
	]]
	if &quot;speech&quot; == config.CitationClass then									-- cite speech only
		TitleNote = TitleType;													-- move TitleType to TitleNote so that it renders ahead of |event=
		TitleType = '';															-- and unset

		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then									-- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter 
			if utilities.is_set (Conference) then								-- and if |event= is set
				Conference = Conference .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;							-- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering
			end
		end
	end

	-- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
	-- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
	-- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.

	local tcommon;
	local tcommon2;																-- used for book cite when |contributor= is set
	local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At;

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;book&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and not utilities.is_set (Periodical) then		-- special cases for book cites
		if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then									-- when we are citing foreword, preface, introduction, etc.
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote}, sepc);						-- author and other stuff will come after this and before tcommon2
			tcommon2 = safe_join ({TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);
		else
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);
		end

	elseif 'map' == config.CitationClass then									-- special cases for cite map
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then										-- map in a book; TitleType is part of Chapter
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc);
		elseif utilities.is_set (Periodical) then								-- map in a periodical
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Periodical, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc);
		else																	-- a sheet or stand-alone map
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher}, sepc);
		end
		
	elseif 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for cite episode
		tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);

	else																		-- all other CS1 templates
		tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc);
	end
	
	if #ID_list_t &gt; 0 then
		ID_list_t = safe_join( { sepc .. &quot; &quot;,  table.concat( ID_list_t, sepc .. &quot; &quot; ), ID }, sepc );
	else
		ID_list_t = ID;
	end
	
	local Via = A['Via'];
	Via = utilities.is_set (Via) and  wrap_msg ('via', Via) or '';
	local idcommon;
	if 'audio-visual' == config.CitationClass or 'episode' == config.CitationClass then	-- special case for cite AV media &amp; cite episode position transcript
		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list_t, URL, Archived, Transcript, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc );
	else
		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list_t, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc );
	end
	
	local text;
--	local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At;

	local OrigDate = A['OrigDate'];
	OrigDate = utilities.is_set (OrigDate) and wrap_msg ('origdate', OrigDate) or '';
	if utilities.is_set (Date) then
		if utilities.is_set (Authors) or utilities.is_set (Editors) then		-- date follows authors or editors when authors not set
			Date = &quot; (&quot; .. Date .. &quot;)&quot; .. OrigDate .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;				-- in parentheses
		else																	-- neither of authors and editors set
			if (string.sub(tcommon, -1, -1) == sepc) then						-- if the last character of tcommon is sepc
				Date = &quot; &quot; .. Date .. OrigDate;									-- Date does not begin with sepc
			else
				Date = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Date .. OrigDate;							-- Date begins with sepc
			end
		end
	end	
	if utilities.is_set (Authors) then
		if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then									-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Authors termination
			Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);						-- when no date, terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Editors) then
			local in_text = '';
			local post_text;
			if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and 0 == #c then
				in_text = cfg.messages['in'] .. ' ';
				in_text = cs2_lower(in_text);									-- lowercase for cs2
			end
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ')';				-- be consistent with no-author, no-date case
			else
				post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ')';
			end
			Editors = terminate_name_list (in_text .. Editors .. post_text, sepc);	-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then									-- book cite and we're citing the intro, preface, etc.
			local by_text = sepc .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['by'] .. ' ';
			by_text = cs2_lower(by_text);										-- lowercase for cs2
			Authors = by_text .. Authors;										-- author follows title so tweak it here
			if utilities.is_set (Editors) and utilities.is_set (Date) then		-- when Editors make sure that Authors gets terminated
				Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);					-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
			end
			if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then								-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Contributors termination
				Contributors = terminate_name_list (Contributors, sepc);		-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
			end
			text = safe_join( {Contributors, Date, Chapter, tcommon, Authors, Place, Editors, tcommon2, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc );
		else
			text = safe_join( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc );
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (Editors) then
		if utilities.is_set (Date) then
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editor'];
			else
				Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editors'];
			end
		else
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				Editors = Editors .. &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. &quot;)&quot; .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			else
				Editors = Editors .. &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. &quot;)&quot; .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			end
		end
		text = safe_join( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
	else
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;journal&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
		else
			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then
		text = safe_join( {text, sepc}, sepc ); 								-- Deals with italics, spaces, etc.
		if '.' == sepc then														-- remove final seperator if present
			text = text:gsub ('%' .. sepc .. '$', '');							-- dot must be escaped here
		else
			text = mw.ustring.gsub (text, sepc .. '$', '');						-- using ustring for non-dot sepc (likely a non-Latin character)
		end
	end	
	
	text = safe_join( {text, PostScript}, sepc );

	-- Now enclose the whole thing in a &lt;cite&gt; element
	local options_t = {};
	options_t.class = cite_class_attribute_make (config.CitationClass, Mode);

	local Ref = is_valid_parameter_value (A['Ref'], A:ORIGIN('Ref'), cfg.keywords_lists['ref'], nil, true);	-- nil when |ref=harv; A['Ref'] else

	if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[(Ref and Ref:lower()) or ''] then
		local namelist_t = {};													-- holds selected contributor, author, editor name list
		local year = first_set ({Year, anchor_year}, 2);						-- Year first for legacy citations and for YMD dates that require disambiguation

		if #c &gt; 0 then															-- if there is a contributor list
			namelist_t = c;														-- select it
		elseif #a &gt; 0 then														-- or an author list
			namelist_t = a;
		elseif #e &gt; 0 then														-- or an editor list
			namelist_t = e;
		end
		local citeref_id;
		if #namelist_t &gt; 0 then													-- if there are names in namelist_t
			citeref_id = make_citeref_id (namelist_t, year);					-- go make the CITEREF anchor
			if mw.uri.anchorEncode (citeref_id) == ((Ref and mw.uri.anchorEncode (Ref)) or '') then	-- Ref may already be encoded (by {{sfnref}}) so citeref_id must be encoded before comparison
				utilities.set_message ('maint_ref_duplicates_default');
			end
		else
			citeref_id = '';													-- unset
		end
		options_t.id = Ref or citeref_id;
	end

	if string.len (text:gsub('%b&lt;&gt;', '')) &lt;= 2 then								-- remove html and html-like tags; then get length of what remains; 
		z.error_cats_t = {};													-- blank the categories list
		z.error_msgs_t = {};													-- blank the error messages list
		OCinSoutput = nil;														-- blank the metadata string
		text = '';																-- blank the the citation
		utilities.set_message ('err_empty_citation');							-- set empty citation message and category
	end
	
	local render_t = {};														-- here we collect the final bits for concatenation into the rendered citation

	if is_preview_mode and (0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t or 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t) then	-- when in preview mode
		if not utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then								-- and when this template has not created an anchor ID
            math.randomseed (tonumber (mw.getLanguage ('en'):formatDate ('U')) * 10000 + os.clock() * 10000);
			options_t.id = 'CITEREF_temp_preview_id_' .. math.random (100000, 999999);	-- create temporary anchor ID for preview mode
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then										-- here we wrap the rendered citation in &lt;cite ...&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt; tags
		options_t.id = mw.uri.anchorEncode(options_t.id);						-- do this here; also used when adding preview warning messages
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite-id'], {options_t.id, mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text}));	-- when |ref= is set or when there is a namelist
	else
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite'], {mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text}));	-- when |ref=none or when namelist_t empty and |ref= is missing or is empty
	end		

	if OCinSoutput then															-- blanked when citation is 'empty' so don't bother to add boilerplate metadata span
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ocins'], OCinSoutput));	-- format and append metadata to the citation
	end

	local template_name = cfg.citation_class_map_t[config.CitationClass];
	local template_link = '[[Template:' .. template_name .. '|' .. template_name .. ']]';
	local msg_prefix = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;{{' .. template_link .. '}}&lt;/code&gt;: ';

	if 0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t then
		mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_e, {template_link, options_t.id}));

		table.insert (render_t, ' ');											-- insert a space between citation and its error messages
		table.sort (z.error_msgs_t);											-- sort the error messages list; sorting includes wrapping &lt;span&gt; and &lt;code&gt; tags; hidden-error sorts ahead of visible-error

		local hidden = true;													-- presume that the only error messages emited by this template are hidden
		for _, v in ipairs (z.error_msgs_t) do									-- spin through the list of error messages
			if v:find ('cs1-visible-error', 1, true) then						-- look for the visible error class name
				hidden = false;													-- found one; so don't hide the error message prefix
				break;															-- and done because no need to look further
			end
		end

		z.error_msgs_t[1] = table.concat ({utilities.error_comment (msg_prefix, hidden), z.error_msgs_t[1]});	-- add error message prefix to first error message to prevent extraneous punctuation
		table.insert (render_t, table.concat (z.error_msgs_t, '; '));			-- make a big string of error messages and add it to the rendering
	end

	if 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t then
		mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_m, {template_link, options_t.id}));

		table.sort (z.maint_cats_t);											-- sort the maintenance messages list

		local maint_msgs_t = {};												-- here we collect all of the maint messages

		if 0 == #z.error_msgs_t then											-- if no error messages
			table.insert (maint_msgs_t, msg_prefix);							-- insert message prefix in maint message livery
		end
		
		for _, v in ipairs( z.maint_cats_t ) do									-- append maintenance categories
			table.insert (maint_msgs_t, 										-- assemble new maint message and add it to the maint_msgs_t table
				table.concat ({v, ' (', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[':cat wikilink'], v), ')'})
				);
		end
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['hidden-maint'], table.concat (maint_msgs_t, ' ')));	-- wrap the group of maint messages with proper presentation and save
	end

	if not no_tracking_cats then
		local sort_key;
		local cat_wikilink = 'cat wikilink';
		if cfg.enable_sort_keys then											-- when namespace sort keys enabled
			local namespace_number = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace;		-- get namespace number for this wikitext
			sort_key = (0 ~= namespace_number and (cfg.name_space_sort_keys[namespace_number] or cfg.name_space_sort_keys.other)) or nil;	-- get sort key character; nil for mainspace
			cat_wikilink = (not sort_key and 'cat wikilink') or 'cat wikilink sk';	-- make &lt;cfg.messages&gt; key
		end				

		for _, v in ipairs (z.error_cats_t) do									-- append error categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key}));
		end
		if cfg.id_limits_data_load_fail then									-- boolean true when load failed
			utilities.set_message ('maint_id_limit_load_fail');					-- done here because this maint cat emits no message
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (z.maint_cats_t) do									-- append maintenance categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key}));
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (z.prop_cats_t) do									-- append properties categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v));	-- no sort keys
		end
	end

	return table.concat (render_t);												-- make a big string and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; V A L I D A T E &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Looks for a parameter's name in one of several whitelists.

Parameters in the whitelist can have three values:
	true - active, supported parameters
	false - deprecated, supported parameters
	nil - unsupported parameters
	
]]

local function validate (name, cite_class, empty)
	local enum_name;															-- parameter name with enumerator (if any) replaced with '#'
	local state;

	local function state_test ()												-- local function to do testing of state values; operates on the upvalues &lt;state&gt; and &lt;name&gt;
		if true == state then return true; end									-- valid actively supported parameter
		if false == state then
			if empty then return nil; end										-- empty deprecated parameters are treated as unknowns
			deprecated_parameter (name);										-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
			return true;
		end
		if 'tracked' == state then
			local base_name = name:gsub ('%d', '');								-- strip enumerators from parameter names that have them to get the base name
			utilities.add_prop_cat ('tracked-param', {base_name}, base_name);	-- add a properties category; &lt;base_name&gt; modifies &lt;key&gt;
			return true;
		end
		return nil;
	end		

	if 'string' ~= type (name) or name:find ('#') then							-- # is a cs1|2 reserved character so parameters with # not permitted; positional params are 'number' type; not supported
		return nil;
	end
																				-- replace enumerator digit(s) with # (|last25= becomes |last#=) (mw.ustring because non-Western 'local' digits)
	enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (name, '%d+$', '#');							-- where enumerator is last charaters in parameter name (these to protect |s2cid=)
	enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (enum_name, '%d+([%-l])', '#%1');				-- where enumerator is in the middle of the parameter name; |author#link= is the oddity

	if 'document' == cite_class then											-- special case for {{cite document}}
		state = whitelist.document_parameters_t[enum_name];						-- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters
		if true == state_test () then return true; end
		
		return false;
	end

	if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- limited parameter sets allowed for these templates
		state = whitelist.limited_parameters_t[enum_name];						-- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters
		if true == state_test () then return true; end

		state = whitelist.preprint_arguments_t[cite_class][name];				-- look in the parameter-list for the template identified by cite_class
		if true == state_test () then return true; end

		return false;															-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil
	end																			-- end limited parameter-set templates

	if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.unique_param_template_list_t) then 	-- template-specific parameters for templates that accept parameters from the basic argument list
		state = whitelist.unique_arguments_t[cite_class][name];					-- look in the template-specific parameter-lists for the template identified by cite_class
		if true == state_test () then return true; end
	end																			-- if here, fall into general validation

	state = whitelist.common_parameters_t[enum_name];							-- all other templates; all normal parameters allowed; this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters
	if true == state_test () then return true; end

	return false;																-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I N T E R _ W I K I _ C H E C K &gt;----------------------------------------------

check &lt;value&gt; for inter-language interwiki-link markup.  &lt;prefix&gt; must be a MediaWiki-recognized language
code.  when these values have the form (without leading colon):
	[[&lt;prefix&gt;:link|label]] return label as plain-text
	[[&lt;prefix&gt;:link]] return &lt;prefix&gt;:link as plain-text

return value as is else

]=]

local function inter_wiki_check (parameter, value)
	local prefix = value:match ('%[%[(%a+):');									-- get an interwiki prefix if one exists
	local _;
	
	if prefix and cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix:lower()] then						-- if prefix is in the map, needs preceding colon so
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', parameter);					-- emit an error message
		_, value, _ = utilities.is_wikilink (value);							-- extract label portion from wikilink
	end

	return value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M I S S I N G _ P I P E _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------------------------

Look at the contents of a parameter. If the content has a string of characters and digits followed by an equal
sign, compare the alphanumeric string to the list of cs1|2 parameters.  If found, then the string is possibly a
parameter that is missing its pipe.  There are two tests made:
	{{cite ... |title=Title access-date=2016-03-17}}	-- the first parameter has a value and whitespace separates that value from the missing pipe parameter name
	{{cite ... |title=access-date=2016-03-17}}			-- the first parameter has no value (whitespace after the first = is trimmed by MediaWiki)
cs1|2 shares some parameter names with XML/HTML attributes: class=, title=, etc.  To prevent false positives XML/HTML
tags are removed before the search.

If a missing pipe is detected, this function adds the missing pipe maintenance category.

]]

local function missing_pipe_check (parameter, value)
	local capture;
	value = value:gsub ('%b&lt;&gt;', '');											-- remove XML/HTML tags because attributes: class=, title=, etc.

	capture = value:match ('%s+(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=') or value:match ('^(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=');	-- find and categorize parameters with possible missing pipes
	if capture and validate (capture) then										-- if the capture is a valid parameter name
		utilities.set_message ('err_missing_pipe', parameter);
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ P U N C T &gt;--------------------------------------

look for extraneous terminal punctuation in most parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked

]]

local function has_extraneous_punc (param, value)
	if 'number' == type (param) then
		return;
	end
	
	param = param:gsub ('%d+', '#');											-- enumerated name-list mask params allow terminal punct; normalize 
	if cfg.punct_skip[param] then
		return;																	-- parameter name found in the skip table so done
	end
	
	if value:match ('[,;:]$') then
		utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct');							-- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat
	end
	if value:match ('^=') then													-- sometimes an extraneous '=' character appears ...
		utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct');							-- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ T W L _ U R L &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

look for The Wikipedia Library urls in url-holding parameters.  TWL urls are accessible only for readers who are
active extended confirmed Wikipedia editors.  This function sets an error message when such urls are discovered
and when appropriate, sets the |&lt;param&gt;-url-access=subscription.  returns nothing.

looks for: '.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org'

]]

local function has_twl_url (url_params_t, cite_args_t)
	local url_error_t = {};														-- sequence of url-holding parameters that have a TWL url
	
	for param, value in pairs (url_params_t) do
		if value:find ('%.wikipedialibrary%.idm%.oclc%.org') then				-- has the TWL base url?
			table.insert (url_error_t, param);									-- add parameter name to the error list
		end
	end
	if 0 ~= #url_error_t then													-- non-zero when there are errors
		table.sort (url_error_t);												-- sor for error messaging
		for i, param in ipairs (url_error_t) do
			if cfg.url_access_map_t[param] then									-- if &lt;param&gt; has a matching -access parameter
				cite_args_t[cfg.url_access_map_t[param]] = cfg.keywords_xlate.subscription;	-- set |&lt;param&gt;-url-access=subscription
			end
			url_error_t[i] = utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param);			-- make the parameter pretty for error message
		end

		utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_twl_url', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)});	-- add this error message
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M I S C _ U R L _ D E T E C T &gt;------------------------------------------------

look for miscellaneous urls that might be converted to, or are duplicates of, identifiers.  

]]

local misc_url_patterns_t = {
	'idm%.oclc%.org',															-- but not wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org; has_twl_url()
	'https?://citeseerx?%.ist%.psu%.edu/',										-- simplified so we catch all citeseer and citeseerx urls except ~/document/... (the 'new' form)
	}

local ignore_patterns_t = {
	'wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org',											-- handled by has_twl_url()
	'https?://citeseerx?%.ist%.psu%.edu/document',								-- 'new'-form citeseerx urls that mostly work; ignore for now
	}

local function misc_url_detect (url_params_t)
	local ignore_flag = false;

	for _, value in pairs (url_params_t) do
		for _, ignore_pattern in ipairs (ignore_patterns_t) do
			if value:find (ignore_pattern) then									-- matches this ignore_pattern?
				ignore_flag = true;												-- found a pattern to ignore
				break;															-- 
			end
		end

		if not ignore_flag then													-- if ignore_flag is set then don't bother to test this url &lt;value&gt;
			for _, misc_pattern in ipairs (misc_url_patterns_t) do
				if value:find (misc_pattern) then								-- matches this misc_pattern?
					utilities.set_message ('maint_misc_url');					-- found one; set the message
					return;														-- and done; no need to test other &lt;value&gt;s
				end
			end
		end
		ignore_flag = false;													-- reset
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------

look for extraneous url parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked

]]

local function has_extraneous_url (non_url_param_t)
	local url_error_t = {};
	
	check_for_url (non_url_param_t, url_error_t);								-- extraneous url check
	if 0 ~= #url_error_t then													-- non-zero when there are errors
		table.sort (url_error_t);
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_ext_link', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)});	-- add this error message
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; _ C I T A T I O N &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Module entry point

	frame – from template call (citation()); may be nil when called from another module
	args_t – table of all cs1|2 parameters in the template (the parent frame)
	config_t – table of template-supplied parameter (the #invoke frame)

]]

local function _citation (frame, args_t, config_t)								-- save a copy in case we need to display an error message in preview mode
	if not frame then
		frame = mw.getCurrentFrame();											-- if called from another module, get a frame for frame-provided functions
	end
																				-- i18n: set the name that your wiki uses to identify sandbox subpages from sandbox template invoke (or can be set here)
	local sandbox = ((config_t.SandboxPath and '' ~= config_t.SandboxPath) and config_t.SandboxPath) or '/sandbox';	-- sandbox path from {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|citation|SandboxPath=/...}}
	is_sandbox = nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), sandbox, 1, true);		-- is this invoke the sandbox module?
	sandbox = is_sandbox and sandbox or '';										-- use i18n sandbox to load sandbox modules when this module is the sandox; live modules else

	cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' .. sandbox);			-- load sandbox versions of support modules when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live modules else
	whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist' .. sandbox);
	utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities' .. sandbox);
	validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation' .. sandbox);
	identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers' .. sandbox);
	metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS' .. sandbox);

	utilities.set_selected_modules (cfg);										-- so that functions in Utilities can see the selected cfg tables
	identifiers.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Identifiers can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module
	validation.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Date validataion can see selected cfg tables and the selected Utilities module
	metadata.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);								-- so that functions in COinS can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module

	z = utilities.z;															-- table of error and category tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
	local cite_args_t = {};														-- because args_t is the parent (template) frame args (which cannot be modified); params and their values will be placed here

	is_preview_mode = not utilities.is_set (frame:preprocess ('{{REVISIONID}}'));

	local suggestions = {};														-- table where we store suggestions if we need to loadData them
	local error_text;															-- used as a flag

	local capture;																-- the single supported capture when matching unknown parameters using patterns
	local empty_unknowns = {};													-- sequence table to hold empty unknown params for error message listing
	for k, v in pairs (args_t) do												-- get parameters from the parent (template) frame
		v = mw.ustring.gsub (v, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1');							-- trim leading/trailing whitespace; when v is only whitespace, becomes empty string
		if v ~= '' then
			if cfg.enum_needs_xlation and 'string' == type (k) then				-- for wikis that set date_names['local_digits'] to non-western digits
			    k = mw.ustring.gsub (k, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);		-- translate 'local' digits enumerators to Western 0-9
			end
			if not validate( k, config_t.CitationClass ) then			
				if type (k) ~= 'string' then									-- exclude empty numbered parameters
					if v:match(&quot;%S+&quot;) ~= nil then
						error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_text_ignored', {v});
					end
				elseif validate (k:lower(), config_t.CitationClass) then 
					error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()});	-- suggest the lowercase version of the parameter
				else
					if nil == suggestions.suggestions then						-- if this table is nil then we need to load it
						suggestions = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' .. sandbox);	--load sandbox version of suggestion module when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live module else
					end
					for pattern, param in pairs (suggestions.patterns) do		-- loop through the patterns to see if we can suggest a proper parameter
						capture = k:match (pattern);							-- the whole match if no capture in pattern else the capture if a match
						if capture then											-- if the pattern matches 
							param = utilities.substitute (param, capture);		-- add the capture to the suggested parameter (typically the enumerator)
							if validate (param, config_t.CitationClass) then		-- validate the suggestion to make sure that the suggestion is supported by this template (necessary for limited parameter lists)
								error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, param});	-- set the suggestion error message
							else
								error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k});	-- suggested param not supported by this template
								v = '';											-- unset
							end
						end
					end
					if not utilities.is_set (error_text) then					-- couldn't match with a pattern, is there an explicit suggestion?						
						if (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil) and validate (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ], config_t.CitationClass) then
							utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ]});
						else
							utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k});
							v = '';												-- unset value assigned to unrecognized parameters (this for the limited parameter lists)
						end
					end
				end				  
			end

			cite_args_t[k] = v;													-- save this parameter and its value

		elseif not utilities.is_set (v) then									-- for empty parameters
			if not validate (k, config_t.CitationClass, true) then				-- is this empty parameter a valid parameter
				k = ('' == k) and cfg.err_msg_supl.empty_str or k;				-- when k is empty string (or was space(s) trimmed to empty string), replace with descriptive text
				table.insert (empty_unknowns, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k));	-- format for error message and add to the list
			end
		end
	end	

	if 0 ~= #empty_unknowns then												-- create empty unknown error message
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_unknown_empty', {
			1 == #empty_unknowns and '' or 's',
			utilities.make_sep_list (#empty_unknowns, empty_unknowns)
			});
	end

	local non_url_param_t = {};													-- table of parameters and values that are not url-holding parameters
	local url_param_t = {};														-- table of url-holding paramters and their values

	for k, v in pairs (cite_args_t) do

		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- don't evaluate positional parameters
			has_invisible_chars (k, v);											-- look for invisible characters
		end
		has_extraneous_punc (k, v);												-- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in parameter values
		missing_pipe_check (k, v);												-- do we think that there is a parameter that is missing a pipe?
		cite_args_t[k] = inter_wiki_check (k, v);								-- when language interwiki-linked parameter missing leading colon replace with wiki-link label

		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- when parameter k is not positional
			if not cfg.url_skip[k] then											-- and not in url skip table
				non_url_param_t[k] = v;											-- make a parameter/value list for extraneous url check
			else																-- and is in url skip table (a url-holding parameter)
				url_param_t[k] = v;												-- make a parameter/value list to check for values that are The Wikipedia Library url
			end
		end
	end

	if cfg.suppress_archive_today_urls then
		has_archive_today_url (cite_args_t);									-- look for and suppress archive.today urls and dependent parameters for all templates
	end
	has_extraneous_url (non_url_param_t);										-- look for url in parameter values where a url does not belong
	has_twl_url (url_param_t, cite_args_t);										-- look for url-holding parameters that hold a The Wikipedia Library url
	misc_url_detect (url_param_t);												-- look for url-holding parameters that hold certain miscellaneous urls 

	return table.concat ({
		frame:extensionTag ('templatestyles', '', {src='Module:Citation/CS1' .. sandbox .. '/styles.css'}),
		citation0 (config_t, cite_args_t)
	});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Template entry point

]]

local function citation (frame)
	local config_t = {};														-- table to store parameters from the module {{#invoke:}}
	local args_t = frame:getParent().args;										-- get template's preset parameters

	for k, v in pairs (frame.args) do											-- get parameters from the {{#invoke}} frame
		config_t[k] = v;
	--	args_t[k] = v;															-- crude debug support that allows us to render a citation from module {{#invoke:}}; skips parameter validation; TODO: keep?
	end	
	return _citation (frame, args_t, config_t)
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	citation = citation,														-- template entry point
	
	_citation = _citation,														-- module entry point
	}</text>
      <sha1>mzkfjlhyhvftcb93lj0ik7zu7t1myhw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bharat Ratna</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>45497</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339224</id>
      <parentid>338936</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:02:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-57048-39</username>
        <id>41963</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>339224</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16675" sha1="8awfnovfuqzeo5pcfkmp47usspkdg3w" xml:space="preserve">'''Bharat Ratna''' (&lt;small&gt;Hindi pronunciation:&lt;/small&gt; [bʰaːɾət̪ rət̪nə]; ''Jewel of India'') Republic of [[India]] ke sabase baraa civil award hae&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30595436|title=Atal Behari Vajpayee: India honours former PM with Bharat Ratna|date=24 December 2014|access-date=30 October 2015|work=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014000840/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30595436|archive-date=14 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;. iske suruvaat [[2 January]] [[1954]], ko kiya gayaa raha, ii award bika kisi race, occupation, position, yaa sex ke bhedbhaav ke diya jataa hae&lt;ref name=&quot;scheme&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Bharat Ratna Scheme|url=http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-BR.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|access-date=8 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209002940/http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-BR.pdf|archive-date=9 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ii award India ke Rashtrapati (President of India) se diyaa jae hae. Il award ki purani chakra ke emblem burnished bronze ki bane gais hae aur 4.7&amp;nbsp;mm wide hair, 5.8&amp;nbsp;mm lamba aur 3.1&amp;nbsp;mm thick. Iska design leaf jaisa hae. Doosre taraf ek ashok ke sher ke tasveer hae. Sundial urf chakra pehle silver gilt ka bana gais tha.

'''Banne ki jagha:''' Alipore Mint, [[Kolkata]], [[India]]

'''Isse pehle di gai medal:''' [[Padma Award Winners|Padma Vibhushan]]  
[[file:Bharat Ratna Award.png|200px|thumb|center|Bharat Ratna]]
[[file:Bharat Ratna Ribbon.svg|100px|thumb|center|ribbon]]

== Bharat Ratna pane wale logan ke suchi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 100%&quot;
|+'''Bharat Ratna pane wale logan ke suchi'''&lt;ref name=&quot;recp54-15&quot;&gt;{{cite report |title=List of recipients of Bharat Ratna (1954–2019) |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/ListofBRrecepients_09082019.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220613021535/https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/ListofBRrecepients_09082019.pdf |archive-date=13 June 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India) |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3%&quot; |Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:7%&quot; |Image
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10%&quot; |Recipient
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10%&quot; |[[States and union territories of India|State]] / [[Countries of the world|Country]]{{efn|For people born in India, it represents the current Indian state/UT corresponding to the birthplace. For naturalized citizens, it represents the state of domicile. For foreign recipients, it lists the country of citizenship.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:7%&quot; |Life span
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:7%&quot; |Area of Contribution
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1954
| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:1%&quot; |[[File:Chakravarthi_Rajagopalachari.jpg|100px]]
|[[C. Rajagopalachari]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1878–1972
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Photograph_of_Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan_presented_to_First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy_in_1962.jpg|100px]]
|[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1888–1975
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Sir_CV_Raman.JPG|100px]]
|[[C. V. Raman]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1888–1970
|[[Science]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1955
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Bhagwan_Das_1969_stamp_of_India_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Bhagwan Das]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1869–1958
|[[Education]], [[Literature]] &amp; [[Philosophy]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Vishveshvarayya_in_his_30's.jpg|100px]]
|[[M. Visvesvaraya]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|1861–1962
|[[Engineering]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru close-up (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1889–1964
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1957
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Pandit_Govind_Ballabh_Pant.jpg|100px]]
|[[Govind Ballabh Pant]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1887–1961
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1958
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Dhondo_Karve.jpg|100px]]
|[[Dhondo Keshav Karve]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|1858–1962
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1961
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Photograph_of_Dr._Bidhan_Chandra_Roy,_2nd_Chief_Minister_of_West_Bengal.jpg|100px]]
|[[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|1882–1962
|[[Education]], [[Literature]] &amp; [[Philosophy]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Purushottam Das Tandon 1982 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|[[Purushottam Das Tandon]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1882–1962
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1962
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Rajendra_Prasad_(Indian_President),_signed_image_for_Walter_Nash_(NZ_Prime_Minister),_1958_(16017609534).jpg|100px]]
|[[Rajendra Prasad]]
|[[Bihar]]
|1884–1963
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1963
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:President_Zakir_Husain_1998_stamp_of_India_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]
|[[Telangana]]
|1897–1969
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Pandurang Vaman Kane 2022 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|[[Pandurang Vaman Kane]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|1880–1972
|[[Education]], [[Literature]] &amp; [[Philosophy]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1966
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_(from_stamp).jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1904–1966
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1971
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Indira_Gandhi_official_portrait.png|100px]]
|[[Indira Gandhi]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1917–1984
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1975
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:President_V._V._Giri.jpg|100px]]
|[[V. V. Giri]]
|[[Odisha]]
|1894–1980
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1976
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:K Kamaraj 1976 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[K. Kamaraj]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1903–1975
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1980
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Mother_Teresa_1.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#E9D4C9;&quot; |[[Mother Teresa]] {{sup|+}} 
|[[West Bengal]] &lt;br /&gt; ({{tooltip|b.|born}}[[Skopje]],&lt;br /&gt; [[North Macedonia]])
|1910–1997
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1983
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Vinobabhaveji_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Vinoba Bhave]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Maharashtra]]
|1895–1982
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1987
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Khan_Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#FFECC8;&quot; |[[Abdul Ghaffar Khan]]{{sup|{{asterisk}}}}
|[[Pakistan]]
|1890–1988
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1988
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:MGR portrait, from 2017 Stamp.jpg|100px]] 
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[M. G. Ramachandran]]{{efn|name=MGR|In 1960, Ramachandran was awarded the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award, but declined as the invitation was written in the [[Devanagari]] script and not [[Tamil script|Tamil]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/feb/01/slide-show-1-the-checkered-history-of-our-national-honours.htm|title=The chequered history of our national honours|work=Rediff.com|date=1 February 2010|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518002156/http://news.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/feb/01/slide-show-1-the-checkered-history-of-our-national-honours.htm|archive-date=18 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1917–1987
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1990
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Dr._Bhimrao_Ambedkar.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[B. R. Ambedkar]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|1891–1956
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Nelson_Mandela_1994.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#FFECC8;&quot; |[[Nelson Mandela]]{{sup|{{asterisk}}}}
|[[South Africa]]
|1918–2013
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1991
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:RajivGandhi.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Rajiv Gandhi]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1944–1991
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Sardar_patel_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Vallabhbhai Patel]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Gujarat]]
|1875–1950
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Morarji_Desai_During_his_visit_to_the_United_States_of_America_.jpg|100px]]
|[[Morarji Desai]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|1896–1995
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1992
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Maulana_Abul_Kalam_Azad.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Abul Kalam Azad]]{{efn|name=Azad|Earlier, Abul Kalam Azad had refused the Bharat Ratna while he was the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Education Minister]] of India (1947–58) citing that the selection committee members should not themselves be the recipients.&lt;ref name=&quot;aticon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=India's top award misses congeniality|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JA24Df01.html|newspaper=Asia Times Online|author=Ramachandran, Sudha|location=Bangalore|date=24 January 2008|access-date=14 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141016085705/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JA24Df01.html|archive-date=16 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/Those-who-said-no-to-top-awards/articleshow/2714615.cms|title=Those who said no to top awards|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 January 2008|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124063906/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/Those-who-said-no-to-top-awards/articleshow/2714615.cms|archive-date=24 November 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hrm.mhrd.gov.in/ministers|title=List of former Ministers in charge of Education/HRD|publisher=[[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Ministry of Human Resource Development]]|access-date=12 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018042458/http://hrm.mhrd.gov.in/ministers|archive-date=18 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[West Bengal]]
|1888–1958
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:J.R.D._Tata_(1955).jpg|100px]]
|[[J. R. D. Tata]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|1904–1993
|[[Manufacturing|Industry]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Satyajit_Ray_in_New_York_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|1922–1992
|[[Arts]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1997
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Gulzarilal_Nanda_1.jpg|100px]]
|[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|1898–1998
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Aruna_Asaf_Ali_1998_stamp_of_India_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Aruna Asaf Ali]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[West Bengal]]
|1909–1996
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam.jpg|100px]]
|[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1931–2015
|[[Space Science|Aerospace Science]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1998
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:M._S._Subbulakshmi_(03).jpg|100px]]
|[[M. S. Subbulakshmi]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1916–2004
|[[Arts]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Chidambaram_Subramaniam.jpg|100px]]
|[[C. Subramaniam]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1910–2000
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1999
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Jawaharlal_Nehru_with_Jayaprakash_Narayan_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Jayaprakash Narayan]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Bihar]]
|1902–1979
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Amartya Sen 2012.jpg|100px]]
|[[Amartya Sen]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|b. 1933
|[[Economics]] &amp; [[Administrative Reforms Commission|Administrative Reforms]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Gopinath_Bordoloi.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Gopinath Bordoloi]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Assam]]
|1890–1950
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Ravi_Shankar.jpg|100px]]
|[[Ravi Shankar]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1920–2012
|[[Arts]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |2001
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Lata_Mangeshkar.jpg|100px]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|1929–2022
|[[Arts]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Bismillah_at_Concert1_(edited).jpg|100px]]
|[[Bismillah Khan]]
|[[Bihar]]
|1916–2006
|[[Arts]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2009
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Pandit_Bhimsen_Joshi_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Bhimsen Joshi]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|1922–2011
|[[Arts]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |2014
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao_03650.JPG|100px]]
|[[C. N. R. Rao]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|b. 1934
|[[Science]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Sachin-Tendulkar_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Sachin Tendulkar]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|b. 1973
|[[Sports]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |2015
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee tribute image (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|1924–2018
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[File:Mahamana Madan Mohan Malaviya ji Smiling.jpg|frameless|116x116px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Madan Mohan Malaviya]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1861–1946
|[[Education]], [[Literature]] &amp; [[Philosophy]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | 2019
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Pranab_Mukherjee_Portrait_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|1935–2020
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Dr._Bhupen_Hazarika,_Assam,_India.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Bhupen Hazarika]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Assam]]
|1926–2011
|[[Arts]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Nanaji Deshmukh 2017 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Nanaji Deshmukh]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Maharashtra]]
|1916–2010
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | 2024
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Karpoori Thakur 1991 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Karpoori Thakur]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Bihar]]
|1924–1988
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Lkadvani.jpg|100px]]
|[[L. K. Advani]]
|Delhi
|b. 1927
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:P. V. Narasimha Rao.JPG|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Telangana]]
|1921–2004
|[[Economics]] &amp; [[Administrative Reforms Commission|Administrative Reforms]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Prime minister Charan Singh.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Charan Singh]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1902–1987
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan - Kolkata 2013-01-07 2674.JPG|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[M. S. Swaminathan]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1925–2023
|[[Agricultural Science]]
|-
|}


==References==
&lt;references/&gt;
==Ii bhi dekho==
*[[Padma Awards 2023 ke suchi]]
*[[Nobel Prize]]

==Bahaari jorr==
* Web Site: https://bharathratna.in {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223172055/http://bharathratna.in/ |date=2023-02-23 }}
* [https://gkqna.in/bharat-ratna-winner-list-2021/ भारत रत्न पुरस्कार विजेता व वर्ष Bharat Ratna Winner List Latest 2021] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520223800/https://gkqna.in/bharat-ratna-winner-list-2021/ |date=2022-05-20 }}  [[vibhag:Praapt]] [[vibhag:India]] [[vibhag:Suchi]]   ODMPRahul Gandhi</text>
      <sha1>8awfnovfuqzeo5pcfkmp47usspkdg3w</sha1>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16656" sha1="o0dz71o427aqexf0qbl9kmeo19ol5ew" xml:space="preserve">'''Bharat Ratna''' (&lt;small&gt;Hindi pronunciation:&lt;/small&gt; [bʰaːɾət̪ rət̪nə]; ''Jewel of India'') Republic of [[India]] ke sabase baraa civil award hae&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30595436|title=Atal Behari Vajpayee: India honours former PM with Bharat Ratna|date=24 December 2014|access-date=30 October 2015|work=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014000840/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-30595436|archive-date=14 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;. iske suruvaat [[2 January]] [[1954]], ko kiya gayaa raha, ii award bika kisi race, occupation, position, yaa sex ke bhedbhaav ke diya jataa hae&lt;ref name=&quot;scheme&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Bharat Ratna Scheme|url=http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-BR.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|access-date=8 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209002940/http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-BR.pdf|archive-date=9 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ii award India ke Rashtrapati (President of India) se diyaa jae hae. Il award ki purani chakra ke emblem burnished bronze ki bane gais hae aur 4.7&amp;nbsp;mm wide hair, 5.8&amp;nbsp;mm lamba aur 3.1&amp;nbsp;mm thick. Iska design leaf jaisa hae. Doosre taraf ek ashok ke sher ke tasveer hae. Sundial urf chakra pehle silver gilt ka bana gais tha.

'''Banne ki jagha:''' Alipore Mint, [[Kolkata]], [[India]]

'''Isse pehle di gai medal:''' [[Padma Award Winners|Padma Vibhushan]]  
[[file:Bharat Ratna Award.png|200px|thumb|center|Bharat Ratna]]
[[file:Bharat Ratna Ribbon.svg|100px|thumb|center|ribbon]]

== Bharat Ratna pane wale logan ke suchi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 100%&quot;
|+'''Bharat Ratna pane wale logan ke suchi'''&lt;ref name=&quot;recp54-15&quot;&gt;{{cite report |title=List of recipients of Bharat Ratna (1954–2019) |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/ListofBRrecepients_09082019.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220613021535/https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/ListofBRrecepients_09082019.pdf |archive-date=13 June 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India) |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3%&quot; |Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:7%&quot; |Image
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10%&quot; |Recipient
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10%&quot; |[[States and union territories of India|State]] / [[Countries of the world|Country]]{{efn|For people born in India, it represents the current Indian state/UT corresponding to the birthplace. For naturalized citizens, it represents the state of domicile. For foreign recipients, it lists the country of citizenship.}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:7%&quot; |Life span
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:7%&quot; |Area of Contribution
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1954
| align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:1%&quot; |[[File:Chakravarthi_Rajagopalachari.jpg|100px]]
|[[C. Rajagopalachari]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1878–1972
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Photograph_of_Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan_presented_to_First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy_in_1962.jpg|100px]]
|[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1888–1975
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Sir_CV_Raman.JPG|100px]]
|[[C. V. Raman]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1888–1970
|[[Science]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1955
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Bhagwan_Das_1969_stamp_of_India_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Bhagwan Das]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1869–1958
|[[Education]], [[Literature]] &amp; [[Philosophy]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Vishveshvarayya_in_his_30's.jpg|100px]]
|[[M. Visvesvaraya]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|1861–1962
|[[Engineering]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru close-up (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1889–1964
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1957
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Pandit_Govind_Ballabh_Pant.jpg|100px]]
|[[Govind Ballabh Pant]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1887–1961
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1958
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Dhondo_Karve.jpg|100px]]
|[[Dhondo Keshav Karve]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|1858–1962
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1961
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Photograph_of_Dr._Bidhan_Chandra_Roy,_2nd_Chief_Minister_of_West_Bengal.jpg|100px]]
|[[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|1882–1962
|[[Education]], [[Literature]] &amp; [[Philosophy]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Purushottam Das Tandon 1982 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|[[Purushottam Das Tandon]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1882–1962
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1962
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Rajendra_Prasad_(Indian_President),_signed_image_for_Walter_Nash_(NZ_Prime_Minister),_1958_(16017609534).jpg|100px]]
|[[Rajendra Prasad]]
|[[Bihar]]
|1884–1963
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1963
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:President_Zakir_Husain_1998_stamp_of_India_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]
|[[Telangana]]
|1897–1969
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Pandurang Vaman Kane 2022 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|[[Pandurang Vaman Kane]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|1880–1972
|[[Education]], [[Literature]] &amp; [[Philosophy]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1966
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_(from_stamp).jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1904–1966
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1971
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Indira_Gandhi_official_portrait.png|100px]]
|[[Indira Gandhi]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1917–1984
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1975
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:President_V._V._Giri.jpg|100px]]
|[[V. V. Giri]]
|[[Odisha]]
|1894–1980
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1976
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:K Kamaraj 1976 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[K. Kamaraj]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1903–1975
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1980
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Mother_Teresa_1.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#E9D4C9;&quot; |[[Mother Teresa]] {{sup|+}} 
|[[West Bengal]] &lt;br /&gt; ({{tooltip|b.|born}}[[Skopje]],&lt;br /&gt; [[North Macedonia]])
|1910–1997
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1983
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Vinobabhaveji_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Vinoba Bhave]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Maharashtra]]
|1895–1982
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1987
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Khan_Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#FFECC8;&quot; |[[Abdul Ghaffar Khan]]{{sup|{{asterisk}}}}
|[[Pakistan]]
|1890–1988
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1988
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:MGR portrait, from 2017 Stamp.jpg|100px]] 
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[M. G. Ramachandran]]{{efn|name=MGR|In 1960, Ramachandran was awarded the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award, but declined as the invitation was written in the [[Devanagari]] script and not [[Tamil script|Tamil]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/feb/01/slide-show-1-the-checkered-history-of-our-national-honours.htm|title=The chequered history of our national honours|work=Rediff.com|date=1 February 2010|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518002156/http://news.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/feb/01/slide-show-1-the-checkered-history-of-our-national-honours.htm|archive-date=18 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1917–1987
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1990
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Dr._Bhimrao_Ambedkar.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[B. R. Ambedkar]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|1891–1956
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Nelson_Mandela_1994.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#FFECC8;&quot; |[[Nelson Mandela]]{{sup|{{asterisk}}}}
|[[South Africa]]
|1918–2013
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1991
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:RajivGandhi.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Rajiv Gandhi]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1944–1991
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Sardar_patel_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Vallabhbhai Patel]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Gujarat]]
|1875–1950
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Morarji_Desai_During_his_visit_to_the_United_States_of_America_.jpg|100px]]
|[[Morarji Desai]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|1896–1995
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1992
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Maulana_Abul_Kalam_Azad.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Abul Kalam Azad]]{{efn|name=Azad|Earlier, Abul Kalam Azad had refused the Bharat Ratna while he was the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Education Minister]] of India (1947–58) citing that the selection committee members should not themselves be the recipients.&lt;ref name=&quot;aticon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=India's top award misses congeniality|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JA24Df01.html|newspaper=Asia Times Online|author=Ramachandran, Sudha|location=Bangalore|date=24 January 2008|access-date=14 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141016085705/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JA24Df01.html|archive-date=16 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/Those-who-said-no-to-top-awards/articleshow/2714615.cms|title=Those who said no to top awards|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 January 2008|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124063906/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/Those-who-said-no-to-top-awards/articleshow/2714615.cms|archive-date=24 November 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hrm.mhrd.gov.in/ministers|title=List of former Ministers in charge of Education/HRD|publisher=[[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Ministry of Human Resource Development]]|access-date=12 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018042458/http://hrm.mhrd.gov.in/ministers|archive-date=18 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[West Bengal]]
|1888–1958
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:J.R.D._Tata_(1955).jpg|100px]]
|[[J. R. D. Tata]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|1904–1993
|[[Manufacturing|Industry]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Satyajit_Ray_in_New_York_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Satyajit Ray]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|1922–1992
|[[Arts]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1997
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Gulzarilal_Nanda_1.jpg|100px]]
|[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|1898–1998
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Aruna_Asaf_Ali_1998_stamp_of_India_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Aruna Asaf Ali]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[West Bengal]]
|1909–1996
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam.jpg|100px]]
|[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1931–2015
|[[Space Science|Aerospace Science]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1998
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:M._S._Subbulakshmi_(03).jpg|100px]]
|[[M. S. Subbulakshmi]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1916–2004
|[[Arts]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Chidambaram_Subramaniam.jpg|100px]]
|[[C. Subramaniam]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1910–2000
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |1999
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Jawaharlal_Nehru_with_Jayaprakash_Narayan_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Jayaprakash Narayan]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Bihar]]
|1902–1979
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Amartya Sen 2012.jpg|100px]]
|[[Amartya Sen]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|b. 1933
|[[Economics]] &amp; [[Administrative Reforms Commission|Administrative Reforms]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Gopinath_Bordoloi.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Gopinath Bordoloi]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Assam]]
|1890–1950
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Ravi_Shankar.jpg|100px]]
|[[Ravi Shankar]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1920–2012
|[[Arts]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |2001
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Lata_Mangeshkar.jpg|100px]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|1929–2022
|[[Arts]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Bismillah_at_Concert1_(edited).jpg|100px]]
|[[Bismillah Khan]]
|[[Bihar]]
|1916–2006
|[[Arts]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2009
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Pandit_Bhimsen_Joshi_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Bhimsen Joshi]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|1922–2011
|[[Arts]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |2014
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao_03650.JPG|100px]]
|[[C. N. R. Rao]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|b. 1934
|[[Science]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Sachin-Tendulkar_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Sachin Tendulkar]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|b. 1973
|[[Sports]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |2015
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee tribute image (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|1924–2018
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[File:Mahamana Madan Mohan Malaviya ji Smiling.jpg|frameless|116x116px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Madan Mohan Malaviya]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1861–1946
|[[Education]], [[Literature]] &amp; [[Philosophy]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | 2019
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Pranab_Mukherjee_Portrait_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|1935–2020
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Dr._Bhupen_Hazarika,_Assam,_India.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Bhupen Hazarika]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Assam]]
|1926–2011
|[[Arts]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Nanaji Deshmukh 2017 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Nanaji Deshmukh]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Maharashtra]]
|1916–2010
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | 2024
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Karpoori Thakur 1991 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Karpoori Thakur]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Bihar]]
|1924–1988
|[[Social reformers of India|Social Reforms]] &amp; [[Social Work]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Lkadvani.jpg|100px]]
|[[L. K. Advani]]
|Delhi
|b. 1927
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:P. V. Narasimha Rao.JPG|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Telangana]]
|1921–2004
|[[Economics]] &amp; [[Administrative Reforms Commission|Administrative Reforms]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Prime minister Charan Singh.jpg|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[Charan Singh]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|1902–1987
|[[Politics]] &amp; [[Outline of public affairs|Public Affairs]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan - Kolkata 2013-01-07 2674.JPG|100px]]
| style=&quot;background-color:#CEE8F0;&quot; |[[M. S. Swaminathan]]{{sup|{{Hash}}}}
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|1925–2023
|[[Agricultural Science]]
|-
|}


==References==
&lt;references/&gt;
==Ii bhi dekho==
*[[Padma Awards 2023 ke suchi]]
*[[Nobel Prize]]

==Bahaari jorr==
* Web Site: https://bharathratna.in {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223172055/http://bharathratna.in/ |date=2023-02-23 }}
* [https://gkqna.in/bharat-ratna-winner-list-2021/ भारत रत्न पुरस्कार विजेता व वर्ष Bharat Ratna Winner List Latest 2021] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520223800/https://gkqna.in/bharat-ratna-winner-list-2021/ |date=2022-05-20 }}  [[vibhag:Praapt]] [[vibhag:India]] [[vibhag:Suchi]]</text>
      <sha1>o0dz71o427aqexf0qbl9kmeo19ol5ew</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Unicode data</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>45534</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339238</id>
      <parentid>325816</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-16T18:07:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Drmccreedy</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update for v18.0</comment>
      <origin>339238</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="18009" sha1="qsurfs20jboj5ejuj5ps85xjotbbrt3" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

local floor = math.floor

local function errorf(level, ...)
	if type(level) == &quot;number&quot; then
		return error(string.format(...), level + 1)
	else -- level is actually the format string.
		return error(string.format(level, ...), 2)
	end
end

local function binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
	local low, mid, high
	low, high = 1, ranges.length or require &quot;Module:TableTools&quot;.length(ranges)
	while low &lt;= high do
		mid = floor((low + high) / 2)
		local range = ranges[mid]
		if codepoint &lt; range[1] then
			high = mid - 1
		elseif codepoint &lt;= range[2] then
			return range, mid
		else
			low = mid + 1
		end
	end
	return nil, mid
end
p.binary_range_search = binary_range_search

--[[
local function linear_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
	for i, range in ipairs(ranges) do
		if range[1] &lt;= codepoint and codepoint &lt;= range[2] then
			return range
		end
	end
end
--]]

-- Load a module by indexing &quot;loader&quot; with the name of the module minus the
-- &quot;Module:Unicode data/&quot; part. For instance, loader.blocks returns
-- [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]]. If a module cannot be loaded, false will be
-- returned.
local loader = setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function (self, key)
		local success, data = pcall(mw.loadData, &quot;Module:Unicode data/&quot; .. key)
		if not success then
			data = false
		end
		self[key] = data
		return data
	end
})

-- For the algorithm used to generate Hangul Syllable names,
-- see &quot;Hangul Syllable Name Generation&quot; in section 3.12 of the
-- Unicode Specification:
-- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch03.pdf
-- binary_range_search assumes these are ordered by codepoint. Do not place them in a random order!
local name_hooks = {
	{     0x00,     0x1F, &quot;&lt;control-%04X&gt;&quot; }, -- C0 control characters
	{     0x7F,     0x9F, &quot;&lt;control-%04X&gt;&quot; }, -- DEL and C1 control characters
	{   0x3400,   0x4DBF, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension A
	{   0x4E00,   0x9FFF, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph
	{   0xAC00,   0xD7A3, function (codepoint) -- Hangul Syllables
		local Hangul_data = loader.Hangul
		local syllable_index = codepoint - 0xAC00

		return (&quot;HANGUL SYLLABLE %s%s%s&quot;):format(
			Hangul_data.leads[floor(syllable_index / Hangul_data.final_count)],
			Hangul_data.vowels[floor((syllable_index % Hangul_data.final_count)
				/ Hangul_data.trail_count)],
			Hangul_data.trails[syllable_index % Hangul_data.trail_count]
		)
	end },
	-- High Surrogates, High Private Use Surrogates, Low Surrogates
	{   0xD800,   0xDFFF, &quot;&lt;surrogate-%04X&gt;&quot; },
	{   0xE000,   0xF8FF, &quot;&lt;private-use-%04X&gt;&quot; }, -- Private Use

	-- CJK Compatibility Ideographs
	{   0xF900,   0xFA6D, &quot;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; },
	{   0xFA70,   0xFAD9, &quot;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; },
	{   0xFE00,   0xFE0F, function (codepoint) -- Variation Selectors
		return (&quot;VARIATION SELECTOR-%d&quot;):format(codepoint - 0xFE00 + 1)
	end},
	{  0x13460,  0x143FA, &quot;EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH-%04X&quot; }, -- Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-A
	{  0x17000,  0x187FF, &quot;TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- Tangut Ideograph
	{  0x18800,  0x18AFF, function (codepoint)
		return (&quot;TANGUT COMPONENT-%03d&quot;):format(codepoint - 0x187FF)
	end },
	{  0x18B00,  0x18CDA, &quot;KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-%04X&quot; }, -- Khitan Small Script
	{  0x18CFF,  0x18CFF, &quot;KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-%04X&quot; }, -- Khitan Small Script
	{  0x18D00,  0x18D20, &quot;TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- Tangut Ideograph Supplement
	{  0x18D80,  0x18DF2, function (codepoint)
		return (&quot;TANGUT COMPONENT-%03d&quot;):format(codepoint - 0x18A7F)
	end },
	{  0x18E00,  0x19191, &quot;JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- Jurchen
	{  0x1B170,  0x1B2FB, &quot;NUSHU CHARACTER-%04X&quot; }, -- Nushu
	{  0x20000,  0x2A6DF, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension B
	{  0x2A700,  0x2B81E, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension C, D
	{  0x2B820,  0x2CEAD, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension E
	{  0x2CEB0,  0x2EBE0, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension F
	{  0x2EBF0,  0x2EE5D, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension I
	{  0x2F800,  0x2FA1D, &quot;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement (Supplementary Ideographic Plane)
	{  0x30000,  0x3134A, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension G
	{  0x31350,  0x33479, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension H, J
	{  0x3D000,  0x3FC3F, &quot;SMALL SEAL CHARACTER-%04X&quot; }, -- Seal
	{  0xE0100,  0xE01EF, function (codepoint) -- Variation Selectors Supplement
		return (&quot;VARIATION SELECTOR-%d&quot;):format(codepoint - 0xE0100 + 17)
	end},
	{  0xF0000,  0xFFFFD, &quot;&lt;private-use-%04X&gt;&quot; }, -- Plane 15 Private Use
	{ 0x100000, 0x10FFFD, &quot;&lt;private-use-%04X&gt;&quot; }  -- Plane 16 Private Use
}
name_hooks.length = #name_hooks

local name_range_cache

local function generate_name(data, codepoint)
	if type(data) == &quot;string&quot; then
		return data:format(codepoint)
	else
		return data(codepoint)
	end
end

--[[
-- Checks that the code point is a number and in range.
-- Does not check whether code point is an integer.
-- Not used
local function check_codepoint(funcName, argIdx, val)
	require 'libraryUtil'.checkType(funcName, argIdx, val, 'number')
	if codepoint &lt; 0 or 0x10FFFF &lt; codepoint then
		errorf(&quot;Codepoint %04X out of range&quot;, codepoint)
	end
end
--]]

function p.is_noncharacter(codepoint)
	-- U+FDD0-U+FDEF and all code points ending in FFFE or FFFF are Unassigned
	-- (Cn) and specifically noncharacters:

	-- https://www.unicode.org/faq/private_use.html#nonchar4
	return 0xFDD0 &lt;= codepoint and (codepoint &lt;= 0xFDEF
			or floor(codepoint % 0x10000) &gt;= 0xFFFE)
end

-- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch04.pdf, section 4.8
function p.lookup_name(codepoint)
	if p.is_noncharacter(codepoint) then
		return (&quot;&lt;noncharacter-%04X&gt;&quot;):format(codepoint)
	end

	if name_range_cache -- Check if previously used &quot;name hook&quot; applies to this code point.
			and codepoint &gt;= name_range_cache[1]
			and codepoint &lt;= name_range_cache[2] then
		return generate_name(name_range_cache[3], codepoint)
	end
	
	local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, name_hooks)
	if range then
		name_range_cache = range
		return generate_name(range[3], codepoint)
	end

	local data = loader[('names/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)]
	
	if data and data[codepoint] then
		return data[codepoint]
	
	-- Unassigned (Cn) consists of noncharacters and reserved characters.
	-- The character has been established not to be a noncharacter,
	-- and if it were assigned, its name would already been retrieved,
	-- so it must be reserved.
	else
		return (&quot;&lt;reserved-%04X&gt;&quot;):format(codepoint)
	end
end

function p.lookup_image(codepoint)
	local data = loader[('images/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)]
	
	if data then
		return data[codepoint]
	end
end

local planes = {
	[ 0] = &quot;Basic Multilingual Plane&quot;;
	[ 1] = &quot;Supplementary Multilingual Plane&quot;;
	[ 2] = &quot;Supplementary Ideographic Plane&quot;;
	[ 3] = &quot;Tertiary Ideographic Plane&quot;;
	[14] = &quot;Supplementary Special-purpose Plane&quot;;
	[15] = &quot;Supplementary Private Use Area-A&quot;;
	[16] = &quot;Supplementary Private Use Area-B&quot;;
}

-- Load [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]] if needed and assign it to this variable.
local blocks

local function block_iter(blocks, i)
	i = i + 1
	local data = blocks[i]
	if data then
		 -- Unpack doesn't work on tables loaded with mw.loadData.
		return i, data[1], data[2], data[3]
	end
end

-- An ipairs-type iterator generator for the list of blocks.
function p.enum_blocks()
	local blocks = loader.blocks
	return block_iter, blocks, 0
end

function p.lookup_plane(codepoint)
	local i = floor(codepoint / 0x10000)
	return planes[i] or (&quot;Plane %u&quot;):format(i)
end

function p.lookup_block(codepoint)
	local blocks = loader.blocks
	local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, blocks)
	if range then
		return range[3]
	else
		return &quot;No Block&quot;
	end
end

function p.get_block_info(name)
	for i, block in ipairs(loader.blocks) do
		if block[3] == name then
			return block
		end
	end
end

function p.is_valid_pagename(pagename)
	local has_nonws = false

	for cp in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(pagename) do
		if (cp == 0x0023) -- #
		or (cp == 0x005B) -- [
		or (cp == 0x005D) -- ]
		or (cp == 0x007B) -- {
		or (cp == 0x007C) -- |
		or (cp == 0x007D) -- }
		or (cp == 0x180E) -- MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR
		or ((cp &gt;= 0x2000) and (cp &lt;= 0x200A)) -- spaces in General Punctuation block
		or (cp == 0xFFFD) -- REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
		then
			return false
		end

		local printable, result = p.is_printable(cp)
		if not printable then
			return false
		end

		if result ~= &quot;space-separator&quot; then
			has_nonws = true
		end
	end

	return has_nonws
end

local function manual_unpack(what, from)
	if what[from + 1] == nil then
		return what[from]
	end
	
	local result = {}
	from = from or 1
	for i, item in ipairs(what) do
		if i &gt;= from then
			table.insert(result, item)
		end
	end
	return unpack(result)
end

local function compare_ranges(range1, range2)
	return range1[1] &lt; range2[1]
end

-- Creates a function to look up data in a module that contains &quot;singles&quot; (a
-- code point-to-data map) and &quot;ranges&quot; (an array containing arrays that contain
-- the low and high code points of a range and the data associated with that
-- range).
-- &quot;loader&quot; loads and returns the &quot;singles&quot; and &quot;ranges&quot; tables.
-- &quot;match_func&quot; is passed the code point and either the data or the &quot;dots&quot;, and
-- generates the final result of the function.
-- The varargs (&quot;dots&quot;) describes the default data to be returned if there wasn't
-- a match.
-- In case the function is used more than once, &quot;cache&quot; saves ranges that have
-- already been found to match, or a range whose data is the default if there
-- was no match.
local function memo_lookup(data_module_subpage, match_func, ...)
	local dots = { ... }
	local cache = {}
	local singles, ranges

	return function (codepoint)
		if not singles then
			local data_module = loader[data_module_subpage]
			singles, ranges = data_module.singles, data_module.ranges
		end

		if singles[codepoint] then
			return match_func(codepoint, singles[codepoint])
		end

		local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, cache)
		if range then
			return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3))
		end
		
		local range, index = binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
		if range then
			table.insert(cache, range)
			table.sort(cache, compare_ranges)
			return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3))
		end
		
		if ranges[index] then
			local dots_range
			if codepoint &gt; ranges[index][2] then
				dots_range = {
					ranges[index][2] + 1,
					ranges[index + 1] and ranges[index + 1][1] - 1 or 0x10FFFF,
					unpack(dots)
				}
			else -- codepoint &lt; range[index][1]
				dots_range = {
					ranges[index - 1] and ranges[index - 1][2] + 1 or 0,
					ranges[index][1] - 1,
					unpack(dots)
				}
			end
			table.sort(cache, compare_ranges)
		end
		
		return match_func(codepoint)
	end
end

-- Get a code point's combining class value in [[Module:Unicode data/combining]],
-- and return whether this value is not zero. Zero is assigned as the default
-- if the combining class value is not found in this data module.
-- That is, return true if character is combining, or false if it is not.
-- See https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#Canonical_Combining_Class_Values for
-- more information.
p.is_combining = memo_lookup(
	&quot;combining&quot;,
	function (codepoint, combining_class)
		return combining_class and combining_class ~= 0 or false
	end,
	0)

function p.add_dotted_circle(str)
	return (mw.ustring.gsub(str, &quot;.&quot;,
		function(char)
			if p.is_combining(mw.ustring.codepoint(char)) then
				return '◌' .. char
			end
		end))
end

local lookup_control = memo_lookup(
	&quot;control&quot;,
	function (codepoint, ccc)
		return ccc or &quot;assigned&quot;
	end,
	&quot;assigned&quot;)
p.lookup_control = lookup_control

function p.is_assigned(codepoint)
	return lookup_control(codepoint) ~= &quot;unassigned&quot;
end

function p.is_printable(codepoint)
	local result = lookup_control(codepoint)
	return (result == &quot;assigned&quot;) or (result == &quot;space-separator&quot;), result
end

function p.is_whitespace(codepoint)
	local result = lookup_control(codepoint)
	return (result == &quot;space-separator&quot;), result
end

p.lookup_category = memo_lookup(
	&quot;category&quot;,
	function (codepoint, category)
		return category
	end,
	&quot;Cn&quot;)

local lookup_script = memo_lookup(
	&quot;scripts&quot;,
	function (codepoint, script_code)
		return script_code or 'Zzzz'
	end,
	&quot;Zzzz&quot;)
p.lookup_script = lookup_script

function p.get_best_script(str)
	-- Check type of argument, because mw.text.decode coerces numbers to strings!
	require &quot;libraryUtil&quot;.checkType(&quot;get_best_script&quot;, 1, str, &quot;string&quot;)
	
	-- Convert HTML character references (including named character references,
	-- or character entities) to characters.
	str = mw.text.decode(str, true)
	
	local scripts = {}
	for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
		local script = lookup_script(codepoint)
		
		-- Ignore &quot;Inherited&quot;, &quot;Undetermined&quot;, or &quot;Uncoded&quot; scripts.
		if not (script == &quot;Zyyy&quot; or script == &quot;Zinh&quot; or script == &quot;Zzzz&quot;) then
			scripts[script] = true
		end
	end
	
	-- If scripts does not contain two or more keys,
	-- return first and only key (script code) in table.
	if not next(scripts, next(scripts)) then
		return next(scripts)
	end -- else return majority script, or else &quot;Zzzz&quot;?
end

function p.is_Latin(str)
	require &quot;libraryUtil&quot;.checkType(&quot;get_best_script&quot;, 1, str, &quot;string&quot;)
	str = mw.text.decode(str, true)
	
	-- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the
	-- code points U+0340-U+10FFFF. If they are not found and there is at least
	-- one Latin-script character, the string counts as Latin, because the rest
	-- of the characters can only be Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz.
	-- The only scripts found below U+0370 (the first code point of the Greek
	-- and Coptic block) are Latn, Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz.
	-- See the codepage in the [[UTF-8]] article.
	if not str:find &quot;[\205-\244]&quot; then
		for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
			if lookup_script(codepoint) == &quot;Latn&quot; then
				return true
			end
		end
	end
	
	local Latn = false
	local i = 0;																-- indexer for use in error messages
	
	for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
		i = i + 1;																-- bump the indexer
		local script = lookup_script(codepoint)
		
		if script == &quot;Latn&quot; then
			Latn = true
		elseif not (script == &quot;Zyyy&quot; or script == &quot;Zinh&quot;
				or script == &quot;Zzzz&quot;) then
			return false, i														-- abandon as not Latn; identify the offending character's position
		end
	end
	
	return Latn, (not Latn and i) or nil										-- when &lt;Latn&gt; false, return offending charactor's position as second return value; nil else
end

-- Checks that a string contains only characters belonging to right-to-left
-- scripts, or characters of ignorable scripts.
function p.is_rtl(str)
	require &quot;libraryUtil&quot;.checkType(&quot;get_best_script&quot;, 1, str, &quot;string&quot;)
	str = mw.text.decode(str, true)
	
	-- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the
	-- code points U+0580-U+10FFFF. If they are not found, the string can only
	-- have characters from a left-to-right script, because the first code point
	-- in a right-to-left script is U+0591, in the Hebrew block.
	if not str:find &quot;[\214-\244]&quot; then
		return false
	end
	
	local result = false
	local rtl = loader.scripts.rtl
	for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
		local script = lookup_script(codepoint)
		
		if rtl[script] then
			result = true
		elseif not (script == &quot;Zyyy&quot; or script == &quot;Zinh&quot;
				or script == &quot;Zzzz&quot;) then
			return false
		end
	end
	
	return result
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ R T L _ F R A M E &gt;------------------------------------------------------

external entry from an {{#invoke:}} to determine if a string of text is rtl.  Strips html and html-like tags so
that those tags don't corrupt the is-rtl-is-not-rtl determination; this added for the cases where the rtl text
has &lt;br /&gt; tags.

]]

function p.is_rtl_frame (frame)
	local str = frame.args[1];													-- get the string from the {{#invoke:}} frame
	str = str:gsub ('%b&lt;&gt;', '');												-- strip any html and html-like tags
	return p.is_rtl (str);														-- return if whatever remains rtl; false else
end


local function get_codepoint(args, arg)
	local codepoint_string = args[arg]
		or errorf(2, &quot;Parameter %s is required&quot;, tostring(arg))
	local codepoint = tonumber(codepoint_string, 16)
		or errorf(2, &quot;Parameter %s is not a code point in hexadecimal base&quot;,
			tostring(arg))
	if not (0 &lt;= codepoint and codepoint &lt;= 0x10FFFF) then
		errorf(2, &quot;code point in parameter %s out of range&quot;, tostring(arg))
	end
	return codepoint
end

local function get_func(args, arg, prefix)
	local suffix = args[arg]
		or errorf(2, &quot;Parameter %s is required&quot;, tostring(arg))
	suffix = mw.text.trim(suffix)
	local func_name = prefix .. suffix
	local func = p[func_name]
		or errorf(2, &quot;There is no function '%s'&quot;, func_name)
	return func
end

-- This function allows any of the &quot;lookup&quot; functions to be invoked. The first
-- parameter is the word after &quot;lookup_&quot;; the second parameter is the code point
-- in hexadecimal base.
function p.lookup(frame)
	local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, &quot;lookup_&quot;)
	local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2)
	local result = func(codepoint)
	if func == p.lookup_name then
		-- Prevent code point labels such as &lt;control-0000&gt; from being
		-- interpreted as HTML tags.
		result = result:gsub(&quot;&lt;&quot;, &quot;&amp;lt;&quot;)
	end
	return result
end

function p.is(frame)
	local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, &quot;is_&quot;)
	
	-- is_Latin and is_valid_pagename take strings.
	if func == p.is_Latin or func == p.is_valid_pagename or func == p.is_rtl then
		return (func(frame.args[2]))
	else -- The rest take code points.
		local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2)
		return (func(codepoint)) -- Adjust to one result.
	end
end

function p.lookup_kCantonese(codepoint)
	local data = loader[('Unihan/kCantonese/%02X'):format(floor(codepoint / 0x1000))]
	if data then
		return data[codepoint]
	end
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>qsurfs20jboj5ejuj5ps85xjotbbrt3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339239</id>
      <parentid>339238</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Unicode_data]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339238</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="18009" sha1="qsurfs20jboj5ejuj5ps85xjotbbrt3" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

local floor = math.floor

local function errorf(level, ...)
	if type(level) == &quot;number&quot; then
		return error(string.format(...), level + 1)
	else -- level is actually the format string.
		return error(string.format(level, ...), 2)
	end
end

local function binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
	local low, mid, high
	low, high = 1, ranges.length or require &quot;Module:TableTools&quot;.length(ranges)
	while low &lt;= high do
		mid = floor((low + high) / 2)
		local range = ranges[mid]
		if codepoint &lt; range[1] then
			high = mid - 1
		elseif codepoint &lt;= range[2] then
			return range, mid
		else
			low = mid + 1
		end
	end
	return nil, mid
end
p.binary_range_search = binary_range_search

--[[
local function linear_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
	for i, range in ipairs(ranges) do
		if range[1] &lt;= codepoint and codepoint &lt;= range[2] then
			return range
		end
	end
end
--]]

-- Load a module by indexing &quot;loader&quot; with the name of the module minus the
-- &quot;Module:Unicode data/&quot; part. For instance, loader.blocks returns
-- [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]]. If a module cannot be loaded, false will be
-- returned.
local loader = setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function (self, key)
		local success, data = pcall(mw.loadData, &quot;Module:Unicode data/&quot; .. key)
		if not success then
			data = false
		end
		self[key] = data
		return data
	end
})

-- For the algorithm used to generate Hangul Syllable names,
-- see &quot;Hangul Syllable Name Generation&quot; in section 3.12 of the
-- Unicode Specification:
-- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch03.pdf
-- binary_range_search assumes these are ordered by codepoint. Do not place them in a random order!
local name_hooks = {
	{     0x00,     0x1F, &quot;&lt;control-%04X&gt;&quot; }, -- C0 control characters
	{     0x7F,     0x9F, &quot;&lt;control-%04X&gt;&quot; }, -- DEL and C1 control characters
	{   0x3400,   0x4DBF, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension A
	{   0x4E00,   0x9FFF, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph
	{   0xAC00,   0xD7A3, function (codepoint) -- Hangul Syllables
		local Hangul_data = loader.Hangul
		local syllable_index = codepoint - 0xAC00

		return (&quot;HANGUL SYLLABLE %s%s%s&quot;):format(
			Hangul_data.leads[floor(syllable_index / Hangul_data.final_count)],
			Hangul_data.vowels[floor((syllable_index % Hangul_data.final_count)
				/ Hangul_data.trail_count)],
			Hangul_data.trails[syllable_index % Hangul_data.trail_count]
		)
	end },
	-- High Surrogates, High Private Use Surrogates, Low Surrogates
	{   0xD800,   0xDFFF, &quot;&lt;surrogate-%04X&gt;&quot; },
	{   0xE000,   0xF8FF, &quot;&lt;private-use-%04X&gt;&quot; }, -- Private Use

	-- CJK Compatibility Ideographs
	{   0xF900,   0xFA6D, &quot;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; },
	{   0xFA70,   0xFAD9, &quot;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; },
	{   0xFE00,   0xFE0F, function (codepoint) -- Variation Selectors
		return (&quot;VARIATION SELECTOR-%d&quot;):format(codepoint - 0xFE00 + 1)
	end},
	{  0x13460,  0x143FA, &quot;EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH-%04X&quot; }, -- Egyptian Hieroglyphs Extended-A
	{  0x17000,  0x187FF, &quot;TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- Tangut Ideograph
	{  0x18800,  0x18AFF, function (codepoint)
		return (&quot;TANGUT COMPONENT-%03d&quot;):format(codepoint - 0x187FF)
	end },
	{  0x18B00,  0x18CDA, &quot;KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-%04X&quot; }, -- Khitan Small Script
	{  0x18CFF,  0x18CFF, &quot;KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT CHARACTER-%04X&quot; }, -- Khitan Small Script
	{  0x18D00,  0x18D20, &quot;TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- Tangut Ideograph Supplement
	{  0x18D80,  0x18DF2, function (codepoint)
		return (&quot;TANGUT COMPONENT-%03d&quot;):format(codepoint - 0x18A7F)
	end },
	{  0x18E00,  0x19191, &quot;JURCHEN IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- Jurchen
	{  0x1B170,  0x1B2FB, &quot;NUSHU CHARACTER-%04X&quot; }, -- Nushu
	{  0x20000,  0x2A6DF, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension B
	{  0x2A700,  0x2B81E, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension C, D
	{  0x2B820,  0x2CEAD, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension E
	{  0x2CEB0,  0x2EBE0, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension F
	{  0x2EBF0,  0x2EE5D, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension I
	{  0x2F800,  0x2FA1D, &quot;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement (Supplementary Ideographic Plane)
	{  0x30000,  0x3134A, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension G
	{  0x31350,  0x33479, &quot;CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X&quot; }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension H, J
	{  0x3D000,  0x3FC3F, &quot;SMALL SEAL CHARACTER-%04X&quot; }, -- Seal
	{  0xE0100,  0xE01EF, function (codepoint) -- Variation Selectors Supplement
		return (&quot;VARIATION SELECTOR-%d&quot;):format(codepoint - 0xE0100 + 17)
	end},
	{  0xF0000,  0xFFFFD, &quot;&lt;private-use-%04X&gt;&quot; }, -- Plane 15 Private Use
	{ 0x100000, 0x10FFFD, &quot;&lt;private-use-%04X&gt;&quot; }  -- Plane 16 Private Use
}
name_hooks.length = #name_hooks

local name_range_cache

local function generate_name(data, codepoint)
	if type(data) == &quot;string&quot; then
		return data:format(codepoint)
	else
		return data(codepoint)
	end
end

--[[
-- Checks that the code point is a number and in range.
-- Does not check whether code point is an integer.
-- Not used
local function check_codepoint(funcName, argIdx, val)
	require 'libraryUtil'.checkType(funcName, argIdx, val, 'number')
	if codepoint &lt; 0 or 0x10FFFF &lt; codepoint then
		errorf(&quot;Codepoint %04X out of range&quot;, codepoint)
	end
end
--]]

function p.is_noncharacter(codepoint)
	-- U+FDD0-U+FDEF and all code points ending in FFFE or FFFF are Unassigned
	-- (Cn) and specifically noncharacters:

	-- https://www.unicode.org/faq/private_use.html#nonchar4
	return 0xFDD0 &lt;= codepoint and (codepoint &lt;= 0xFDEF
			or floor(codepoint % 0x10000) &gt;= 0xFFFE)
end

-- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch04.pdf, section 4.8
function p.lookup_name(codepoint)
	if p.is_noncharacter(codepoint) then
		return (&quot;&lt;noncharacter-%04X&gt;&quot;):format(codepoint)
	end

	if name_range_cache -- Check if previously used &quot;name hook&quot; applies to this code point.
			and codepoint &gt;= name_range_cache[1]
			and codepoint &lt;= name_range_cache[2] then
		return generate_name(name_range_cache[3], codepoint)
	end
	
	local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, name_hooks)
	if range then
		name_range_cache = range
		return generate_name(range[3], codepoint)
	end

	local data = loader[('names/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)]
	
	if data and data[codepoint] then
		return data[codepoint]
	
	-- Unassigned (Cn) consists of noncharacters and reserved characters.
	-- The character has been established not to be a noncharacter,
	-- and if it were assigned, its name would already been retrieved,
	-- so it must be reserved.
	else
		return (&quot;&lt;reserved-%04X&gt;&quot;):format(codepoint)
	end
end

function p.lookup_image(codepoint)
	local data = loader[('images/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)]
	
	if data then
		return data[codepoint]
	end
end

local planes = {
	[ 0] = &quot;Basic Multilingual Plane&quot;;
	[ 1] = &quot;Supplementary Multilingual Plane&quot;;
	[ 2] = &quot;Supplementary Ideographic Plane&quot;;
	[ 3] = &quot;Tertiary Ideographic Plane&quot;;
	[14] = &quot;Supplementary Special-purpose Plane&quot;;
	[15] = &quot;Supplementary Private Use Area-A&quot;;
	[16] = &quot;Supplementary Private Use Area-B&quot;;
}

-- Load [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]] if needed and assign it to this variable.
local blocks

local function block_iter(blocks, i)
	i = i + 1
	local data = blocks[i]
	if data then
		 -- Unpack doesn't work on tables loaded with mw.loadData.
		return i, data[1], data[2], data[3]
	end
end

-- An ipairs-type iterator generator for the list of blocks.
function p.enum_blocks()
	local blocks = loader.blocks
	return block_iter, blocks, 0
end

function p.lookup_plane(codepoint)
	local i = floor(codepoint / 0x10000)
	return planes[i] or (&quot;Plane %u&quot;):format(i)
end

function p.lookup_block(codepoint)
	local blocks = loader.blocks
	local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, blocks)
	if range then
		return range[3]
	else
		return &quot;No Block&quot;
	end
end

function p.get_block_info(name)
	for i, block in ipairs(loader.blocks) do
		if block[3] == name then
			return block
		end
	end
end

function p.is_valid_pagename(pagename)
	local has_nonws = false

	for cp in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(pagename) do
		if (cp == 0x0023) -- #
		or (cp == 0x005B) -- [
		or (cp == 0x005D) -- ]
		or (cp == 0x007B) -- {
		or (cp == 0x007C) -- |
		or (cp == 0x007D) -- }
		or (cp == 0x180E) -- MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR
		or ((cp &gt;= 0x2000) and (cp &lt;= 0x200A)) -- spaces in General Punctuation block
		or (cp == 0xFFFD) -- REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
		then
			return false
		end

		local printable, result = p.is_printable(cp)
		if not printable then
			return false
		end

		if result ~= &quot;space-separator&quot; then
			has_nonws = true
		end
	end

	return has_nonws
end

local function manual_unpack(what, from)
	if what[from + 1] == nil then
		return what[from]
	end
	
	local result = {}
	from = from or 1
	for i, item in ipairs(what) do
		if i &gt;= from then
			table.insert(result, item)
		end
	end
	return unpack(result)
end

local function compare_ranges(range1, range2)
	return range1[1] &lt; range2[1]
end

-- Creates a function to look up data in a module that contains &quot;singles&quot; (a
-- code point-to-data map) and &quot;ranges&quot; (an array containing arrays that contain
-- the low and high code points of a range and the data associated with that
-- range).
-- &quot;loader&quot; loads and returns the &quot;singles&quot; and &quot;ranges&quot; tables.
-- &quot;match_func&quot; is passed the code point and either the data or the &quot;dots&quot;, and
-- generates the final result of the function.
-- The varargs (&quot;dots&quot;) describes the default data to be returned if there wasn't
-- a match.
-- In case the function is used more than once, &quot;cache&quot; saves ranges that have
-- already been found to match, or a range whose data is the default if there
-- was no match.
local function memo_lookup(data_module_subpage, match_func, ...)
	local dots = { ... }
	local cache = {}
	local singles, ranges

	return function (codepoint)
		if not singles then
			local data_module = loader[data_module_subpage]
			singles, ranges = data_module.singles, data_module.ranges
		end

		if singles[codepoint] then
			return match_func(codepoint, singles[codepoint])
		end

		local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, cache)
		if range then
			return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3))
		end
		
		local range, index = binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
		if range then
			table.insert(cache, range)
			table.sort(cache, compare_ranges)
			return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3))
		end
		
		if ranges[index] then
			local dots_range
			if codepoint &gt; ranges[index][2] then
				dots_range = {
					ranges[index][2] + 1,
					ranges[index + 1] and ranges[index + 1][1] - 1 or 0x10FFFF,
					unpack(dots)
				}
			else -- codepoint &lt; range[index][1]
				dots_range = {
					ranges[index - 1] and ranges[index - 1][2] + 1 or 0,
					ranges[index][1] - 1,
					unpack(dots)
				}
			end
			table.sort(cache, compare_ranges)
		end
		
		return match_func(codepoint)
	end
end

-- Get a code point's combining class value in [[Module:Unicode data/combining]],
-- and return whether this value is not zero. Zero is assigned as the default
-- if the combining class value is not found in this data module.
-- That is, return true if character is combining, or false if it is not.
-- See https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#Canonical_Combining_Class_Values for
-- more information.
p.is_combining = memo_lookup(
	&quot;combining&quot;,
	function (codepoint, combining_class)
		return combining_class and combining_class ~= 0 or false
	end,
	0)

function p.add_dotted_circle(str)
	return (mw.ustring.gsub(str, &quot;.&quot;,
		function(char)
			if p.is_combining(mw.ustring.codepoint(char)) then
				return '◌' .. char
			end
		end))
end

local lookup_control = memo_lookup(
	&quot;control&quot;,
	function (codepoint, ccc)
		return ccc or &quot;assigned&quot;
	end,
	&quot;assigned&quot;)
p.lookup_control = lookup_control

function p.is_assigned(codepoint)
	return lookup_control(codepoint) ~= &quot;unassigned&quot;
end

function p.is_printable(codepoint)
	local result = lookup_control(codepoint)
	return (result == &quot;assigned&quot;) or (result == &quot;space-separator&quot;), result
end

function p.is_whitespace(codepoint)
	local result = lookup_control(codepoint)
	return (result == &quot;space-separator&quot;), result
end

p.lookup_category = memo_lookup(
	&quot;category&quot;,
	function (codepoint, category)
		return category
	end,
	&quot;Cn&quot;)

local lookup_script = memo_lookup(
	&quot;scripts&quot;,
	function (codepoint, script_code)
		return script_code or 'Zzzz'
	end,
	&quot;Zzzz&quot;)
p.lookup_script = lookup_script

function p.get_best_script(str)
	-- Check type of argument, because mw.text.decode coerces numbers to strings!
	require &quot;libraryUtil&quot;.checkType(&quot;get_best_script&quot;, 1, str, &quot;string&quot;)
	
	-- Convert HTML character references (including named character references,
	-- or character entities) to characters.
	str = mw.text.decode(str, true)
	
	local scripts = {}
	for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
		local script = lookup_script(codepoint)
		
		-- Ignore &quot;Inherited&quot;, &quot;Undetermined&quot;, or &quot;Uncoded&quot; scripts.
		if not (script == &quot;Zyyy&quot; or script == &quot;Zinh&quot; or script == &quot;Zzzz&quot;) then
			scripts[script] = true
		end
	end
	
	-- If scripts does not contain two or more keys,
	-- return first and only key (script code) in table.
	if not next(scripts, next(scripts)) then
		return next(scripts)
	end -- else return majority script, or else &quot;Zzzz&quot;?
end

function p.is_Latin(str)
	require &quot;libraryUtil&quot;.checkType(&quot;get_best_script&quot;, 1, str, &quot;string&quot;)
	str = mw.text.decode(str, true)
	
	-- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the
	-- code points U+0340-U+10FFFF. If they are not found and there is at least
	-- one Latin-script character, the string counts as Latin, because the rest
	-- of the characters can only be Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz.
	-- The only scripts found below U+0370 (the first code point of the Greek
	-- and Coptic block) are Latn, Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz.
	-- See the codepage in the [[UTF-8]] article.
	if not str:find &quot;[\205-\244]&quot; then
		for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
			if lookup_script(codepoint) == &quot;Latn&quot; then
				return true
			end
		end
	end
	
	local Latn = false
	local i = 0;																-- indexer for use in error messages
	
	for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
		i = i + 1;																-- bump the indexer
		local script = lookup_script(codepoint)
		
		if script == &quot;Latn&quot; then
			Latn = true
		elseif not (script == &quot;Zyyy&quot; or script == &quot;Zinh&quot;
				or script == &quot;Zzzz&quot;) then
			return false, i														-- abandon as not Latn; identify the offending character's position
		end
	end
	
	return Latn, (not Latn and i) or nil										-- when &lt;Latn&gt; false, return offending charactor's position as second return value; nil else
end

-- Checks that a string contains only characters belonging to right-to-left
-- scripts, or characters of ignorable scripts.
function p.is_rtl(str)
	require &quot;libraryUtil&quot;.checkType(&quot;get_best_script&quot;, 1, str, &quot;string&quot;)
	str = mw.text.decode(str, true)
	
	-- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the
	-- code points U+0580-U+10FFFF. If they are not found, the string can only
	-- have characters from a left-to-right script, because the first code point
	-- in a right-to-left script is U+0591, in the Hebrew block.
	if not str:find &quot;[\214-\244]&quot; then
		return false
	end
	
	local result = false
	local rtl = loader.scripts.rtl
	for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
		local script = lookup_script(codepoint)
		
		if rtl[script] then
			result = true
		elseif not (script == &quot;Zyyy&quot; or script == &quot;Zinh&quot;
				or script == &quot;Zzzz&quot;) then
			return false
		end
	end
	
	return result
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ R T L _ F R A M E &gt;------------------------------------------------------

external entry from an {{#invoke:}} to determine if a string of text is rtl.  Strips html and html-like tags so
that those tags don't corrupt the is-rtl-is-not-rtl determination; this added for the cases where the rtl text
has &lt;br /&gt; tags.

]]

function p.is_rtl_frame (frame)
	local str = frame.args[1];													-- get the string from the {{#invoke:}} frame
	str = str:gsub ('%b&lt;&gt;', '');												-- strip any html and html-like tags
	return p.is_rtl (str);														-- return if whatever remains rtl; false else
end


local function get_codepoint(args, arg)
	local codepoint_string = args[arg]
		or errorf(2, &quot;Parameter %s is required&quot;, tostring(arg))
	local codepoint = tonumber(codepoint_string, 16)
		or errorf(2, &quot;Parameter %s is not a code point in hexadecimal base&quot;,
			tostring(arg))
	if not (0 &lt;= codepoint and codepoint &lt;= 0x10FFFF) then
		errorf(2, &quot;code point in parameter %s out of range&quot;, tostring(arg))
	end
	return codepoint
end

local function get_func(args, arg, prefix)
	local suffix = args[arg]
		or errorf(2, &quot;Parameter %s is required&quot;, tostring(arg))
	suffix = mw.text.trim(suffix)
	local func_name = prefix .. suffix
	local func = p[func_name]
		or errorf(2, &quot;There is no function '%s'&quot;, func_name)
	return func
end

-- This function allows any of the &quot;lookup&quot; functions to be invoked. The first
-- parameter is the word after &quot;lookup_&quot;; the second parameter is the code point
-- in hexadecimal base.
function p.lookup(frame)
	local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, &quot;lookup_&quot;)
	local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2)
	local result = func(codepoint)
	if func == p.lookup_name then
		-- Prevent code point labels such as &lt;control-0000&gt; from being
		-- interpreted as HTML tags.
		result = result:gsub(&quot;&lt;&quot;, &quot;&amp;lt;&quot;)
	end
	return result
end

function p.is(frame)
	local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, &quot;is_&quot;)
	
	-- is_Latin and is_valid_pagename take strings.
	if func == p.is_Latin or func == p.is_valid_pagename or func == p.is_rtl then
		return (func(frame.args[2]))
	else -- The rest take code points.
		local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2)
		return (func(codepoint)) -- Adjust to one result.
	end
end

function p.lookup_kCantonese(codepoint)
	local data = loader[('Unihan/kCantonese/%02X'):format(floor(codepoint / 0x1000))]
	if data then
		return data[codepoint]
	end
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>qsurfs20jboj5ejuj5ps85xjotbbrt3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Hatnote/styles.css</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>54550</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339274</id>
      <parentid>280021</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T16:48:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Izno</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Parsoid is now the one true parser</comment>
      <origin>339274</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="473" sha1="kcpl5b33dm6ymty930mbmszl720l5oi" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp|small=y}} */
.hatnote {
	font-style: italic;
}

/* Limit structure CSS to divs because of [[Module:Hatnote inline]] */
div.hatnote {
	/* @noflip */
	padding-left: 1.6em;
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

.hatnote i {
	font-style: normal;
}

/* Templatestyles causes an 'empty' span between hatnotes.
 * See also [[phab:T200206]] for later */
.hatnote + .mw-empty-elt + .hatnote {
	margin-top: -0.5em;
}

@media print {
	body.ns-0 .hatnote {
		display: none !important;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>kcpl5b33dm6ymty930mbmszl720l5oi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339275</id>
      <parentid>339274</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Hatnote/styles.css]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339274</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="473" sha1="kcpl5b33dm6ymty930mbmszl720l5oi" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp|small=y}} */
.hatnote {
	font-style: italic;
}

/* Limit structure CSS to divs because of [[Module:Hatnote inline]] */
div.hatnote {
	/* @noflip */
	padding-left: 1.6em;
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

.hatnote i {
	font-style: normal;
}

/* Templatestyles causes an 'empty' span between hatnotes.
 * See also [[phab:T200206]] for later */
.hatnote + .mw-empty-elt + .hatnote {
	margin-top: -0.5em;
}

@media print {
	body.ns-0 .hatnote {
		display: none !important;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>kcpl5b33dm6ymty930mbmszl720l5oi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Documentation/styles.css</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>54564</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339284</id>
      <parentid>331842</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T03:19:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Izno</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>add margins</comment>
      <origin>339284</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="1369" sha1="ohekqp4ao232tow40gho8bknn5qdpvd" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp|small=yes}} */
.documentation,
.documentation-metadata {
	border: 1px solid var( --border-color-base, #a2a9b1 );
	background-color: #ecfcf4;
	color:inherit;
	clear: both;
}

.documentation {
	margin: 1em 0 0 0;
	padding: 1em;
}

.documentation-metadata {
	margin: 0.2em 0; /* same margin left-right as .documentation */
    font-style: italic;
    padding: 0.4em 1em; /* same padding left-right as .documentation */
}

.documentation-startbox {
	padding-bottom: 3px;
	border-bottom: 1px solid var( --border-color-base, #a2a9b1 );
	margin-bottom: 1ex;
}

.documentation-heading {
	font-weight: bold;
	font-size: 125%;
}

body.skin-minerva .documentation-startbox .mw-editsection-like a,
body.skin-timeless .documentation-startbox .mw-editsection-like a {
	display: inline-block;
	margin-left: 0.3em;
	margin-right: 0.3em;
}

.documentation-clear { /* Don't want things to stick out where they shouldn't. */
	clear: both;
}

.documentation-toolbar {
	font-style: normal;
	font-size: 85%;
}


@media screen {
    html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .documentation,
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .documentation-metadata {
	    background-color: #0b1e1c;
	}
}


@media screen and ( prefers-color-scheme: dark ) {
    html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .documentation,
    html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .documentation-metadata {
        background-color: #0b1e1c;
    }
}</text>
      <sha1>ohekqp4ao232tow40gho8bknn5qdpvd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339285</id>
      <parentid>339284</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Documentation/styles.css]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339284</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="1369" sha1="ohekqp4ao232tow40gho8bknn5qdpvd" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp|small=yes}} */
.documentation,
.documentation-metadata {
	border: 1px solid var( --border-color-base, #a2a9b1 );
	background-color: #ecfcf4;
	color:inherit;
	clear: both;
}

.documentation {
	margin: 1em 0 0 0;
	padding: 1em;
}

.documentation-metadata {
	margin: 0.2em 0; /* same margin left-right as .documentation */
    font-style: italic;
    padding: 0.4em 1em; /* same padding left-right as .documentation */
}

.documentation-startbox {
	padding-bottom: 3px;
	border-bottom: 1px solid var( --border-color-base, #a2a9b1 );
	margin-bottom: 1ex;
}

.documentation-heading {
	font-weight: bold;
	font-size: 125%;
}

body.skin-minerva .documentation-startbox .mw-editsection-like a,
body.skin-timeless .documentation-startbox .mw-editsection-like a {
	display: inline-block;
	margin-left: 0.3em;
	margin-right: 0.3em;
}

.documentation-clear { /* Don't want things to stick out where they shouldn't. */
	clear: both;
}

.documentation-toolbar {
	font-style: normal;
	font-size: 85%;
}


@media screen {
    html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .documentation,
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .documentation-metadata {
	    background-color: #0b1e1c;
	}
}


@media screen and ( prefers-color-scheme: dark ) {
    html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .documentation,
    html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .documentation-metadata {
        background-color: #0b1e1c;
    }
}</text>
      <sha1>ohekqp4ao232tow40gho8bknn5qdpvd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Template parameter usage</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>54569</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339334</id>
      <parentid>280097</parentid>
      <timestamp>2023-11-27T06:57:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Sdkb</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Partial revert of [[User:SUM1]]'s edit [[Special:Diff/1039918972]] per [[WP:CLICKHERE]]</comment>
      <origin>339334</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1436" sha1="fenf674wxid9swzlpd9p77yc9n9kzm0" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{label|}}}
 |=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&amp;template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|S|s}}ee a monthly parameter usage report] for {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}]]|this template}} in articles{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&amp;#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}.
 |None|none=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&amp;template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|P|p}}arameter usage report]{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&amp;#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}
 |for|For=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&amp;template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|P|p}}arameter usage report] for {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}]]|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&amp;#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}.
 |#default=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&amp;template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{{label|}}}]{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&amp;#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fenf674wxid9swzlpd9p77yc9n9kzm0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339335</id>
      <parentid>339334</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Template_parameter_usage]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339334</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1436" sha1="fenf674wxid9swzlpd9p77yc9n9kzm0" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{label|}}}
 |=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&amp;template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|S|s}}ee a monthly parameter usage report] for {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}]]|this template}} in articles{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&amp;#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}.
 |None|none=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&amp;template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|P|p}}arameter usage report]{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&amp;#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}
 |for|For=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&amp;template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|P|p}}arameter usage report] for {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}]]|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&amp;#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}.
 |#default=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&amp;template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{{label|}}}]{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&amp;#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fenf674wxid9swzlpd9p77yc9n9kzm0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Double-dagger</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>54992</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339330</id>
      <parentid>282877</parentid>
      <timestamp>2024-07-20T08:08:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Rjjiii</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>sync to sandbox per recent discussions</comment>
      <origin>339330</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="86" sha1="e2skzuu8wf1v5atnm7jzldd3q403vkf" xml:space="preserve">{{yesno|{{{sup|}}}|yes=&lt;sup&gt;‡&lt;/sup&gt;|no=‡}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>e2skzuu8wf1v5atnm7jzldd3q403vkf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339331</id>
      <parentid>339330</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Double-dagger]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339330</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="86" sha1="e2skzuu8wf1v5atnm7jzldd3q403vkf" xml:space="preserve">{{yesno|{{{sup|}}}|yes=&lt;sup&gt;‡&lt;/sup&gt;|no=‡}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>e2skzuu8wf1v5atnm7jzldd3q403vkf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Unicode data/datasets</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>65099</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339348</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-15T18:00:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;MusikBot II</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Module:Unicode data/datasets]]&quot;: [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]]: 1309 transclusions ([[User:MusikBot II/TemplateProtector|more info]]) ([Edit=Require autoconfirmed or confirmed access] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>339348</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="455" sha1="fuk5mu9jp5tdvjo2p47fs3dsmttw7ay" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

function export.dataset(dataset_name)
	local dataset = mw.ext.data.get(dataset_name)
	
	if not dataset then error(&quot;Dataset &quot; .. dataset_name .. &quot; not found&quot;) end
	local data = dataset.data
	local result = {}
	
	for _, item in ipairs(data) do
		local charcode_hex, filename = unpack(item)
		result[tonumber(charcode_hex)] = filename
	end
	
	return result
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>fuk5mu9jp5tdvjo2p47fs3dsmttw7ay</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339349</id>
      <parentid>325817</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Unicode_data/datasets]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>325817</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1455" sha1="ih0vbqsob2atwj1o5cgg418rwdak751" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

--[==[
Fetches a data set from Wikimedia Commons by the name `dataset_name`, parses it as a Unicode character key-value table, and returns that table.

The table is assumed to have at least two fields with the `name` fields set to `key` and `value`. Both values are expected to be strings. The key string is parsed as a hexadecimal numeric literal (e.g. `0x1234`) and converted into a number.

The table returned will then have numbers as the keys and strings as the values.]==]
function export.dataset(dataset_name)
	local dataset = mw.ext.data.get(dataset_name)
	
	if not dataset then error(&quot;Dataset &quot; .. dataset_name .. &quot; not found&quot;) end
	
	-- Check schema.
	local charcode_index = nil
	local value_index = nil
	for index, field in ipairs(dataset.schema.fields) do
		local field_name_lower = field.name:lower()
		if field_name_lower:find(&quot;key&quot;) and field.type == &quot;string&quot; then
			charcode_index = index
		elseif field_name_lower:find(&quot;value&quot;) and field.type == &quot;string&quot; then
			value_index = index
		end
	end
	
	if not charcode_index then error(&quot;Character code field (name='key', type='string') not found in data schema.&quot;) end
	if not value_index then error(&quot;Value field (name='value', type='string') not found in data schema.&quot;) end
	
	-- Extract values from dataset data.
	local result = {}
	for _, item in ipairs(dataset.data) do
		result[tonumber(item[charcode_index])] = item[value_index]
	end
	
	return result
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>ih0vbqsob2atwj1o5cgg418rwdak751</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Hash</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69774</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Number sign" />
    <revision>
      <id>339226</id>
      <timestamp>2021-04-13T18:32:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;DB1729</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/2401:4900:5813:66C:E03A:9DE8:B6F9:4B7A|2401:4900:5813:66C:E03A:9DE8:B6F9:4B7A]] ([[User talk:2401:4900:5813:66C:E03A:9DE8:B6F9:4B7A|talk]]): Misplaced/stray characters</comment>
      <origin>339226</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48" sha1="k4bbtxf4zvm6h17sac3g39dic1z43oa" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT[[Template:Number sign]]{{R from move}}</text>
      <sha1>k4bbtxf4zvm6h17sac3g39dic1z43oa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339227</id>
      <parentid>339226</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:07:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Hash]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339226</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48" sha1="k4bbtxf4zvm6h17sac3g39dic1z43oa" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT[[Template:Number sign]]{{R from move}}</text>
      <sha1>k4bbtxf4zvm6h17sac3g39dic1z43oa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:R from move/except</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69775</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339232</id>
      <timestamp>2024-05-08T00:57:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;SilverLocust</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Have that R2 tracking category also show a message</comment>
      <origin>339232</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1724" sha1="2a82jzb8kp50itnyti0qkq1qte99dnn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;This is the exception page for {{tl|R from move}}.  This page makes exceptions that include certain pages that should not inhabit either {{cat|Unsynchronized talk page redirects}} or {{cat|Redirects from moves}}.  If necessary, new exceptions may be added with no need to edit the main template, {{tl|R from move}}.
&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{#switch: {{FULLPAGENAME}}
|MediaWiki:Move-redirect-text=
|Template:R from move/except=
|#default=[[Category:Redirects from moves]]
}}{{#switch: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}}
  |1={{#ifeq: {{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}|yes|
      {{#ifeq: {{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}|yes|
        {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME:{{#invoke:redirect|main|{{TALKPAGENAME}}}}}}|{{PAGENAME:{{#invoke:redirect|main|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}}}||
          {{#ifeq: {{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}||
            {{#ifeq: {{Str left|{{PAGENAME}}|16}}|List of ships of||[[Category:Unsynchronized talk page redirects]]
            }}
          }}
        }}
      |{{#ifexist:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|
        {{#ifeq: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{Target of|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME:{{Target of|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}|[[Category:Articles with unsynchronized talk page redirects]]|
          {{#ifexpr: {{#invoke:string|find|{{#invoke:page|getContent|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|as=raw}}|:Rfd}}|[[Category:Redirects for discussion with talk page redirects]]|[[Category:Articles with talk page redirects]]}}}}
        }}
      }}
    |{{error|Page is not a redirect, misplaced [[Template:R from move]]}}
    }}
  |0={{#switch:{{NAMESPACENUMBER:{{#invoke:redirect|main|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}|0|4|10|12|14|100=|#default={{R from move/Cross-namespace}}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|Template:R from move/doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2a82jzb8kp50itnyti0qkq1qte99dnn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339233</id>
      <parentid>339232</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:07:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:R_from_move/except]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339232</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1724" sha1="2a82jzb8kp50itnyti0qkq1qte99dnn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;This is the exception page for {{tl|R from move}}.  This page makes exceptions that include certain pages that should not inhabit either {{cat|Unsynchronized talk page redirects}} or {{cat|Redirects from moves}}.  If necessary, new exceptions may be added with no need to edit the main template, {{tl|R from move}}.
&lt;/noinclude&gt;{{#switch: {{FULLPAGENAME}}
|MediaWiki:Move-redirect-text=
|Template:R from move/except=
|#default=[[Category:Redirects from moves]]
}}{{#switch: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}}
  |1={{#ifeq: {{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}|yes|
      {{#ifeq: {{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}|yes|
        {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME:{{#invoke:redirect|main|{{TALKPAGENAME}}}}}}|{{PAGENAME:{{#invoke:redirect|main|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}}}||
          {{#ifeq: {{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}||
            {{#ifeq: {{Str left|{{PAGENAME}}|16}}|List of ships of||[[Category:Unsynchronized talk page redirects]]
            }}
          }}
        }}
      |{{#ifexist:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|
        {{#ifeq: {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{Target of|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME:{{Target of|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}|[[Category:Articles with unsynchronized talk page redirects]]|
          {{#ifexpr: {{#invoke:string|find|{{#invoke:page|getContent|{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|as=raw}}|:Rfd}}|[[Category:Redirects for discussion with talk page redirects]]|[[Category:Articles with talk page redirects]]}}}}
        }}
      }}
    |{{error|Page is not a redirect, misplaced [[Template:R from move]]}}
    }}
  |0={{#switch:{{NAMESPACENUMBER:{{#invoke:redirect|main|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}|0|4|10|12|14|100=|#default={{R from move/Cross-namespace}}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|Template:R from move/doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2a82jzb8kp50itnyti0qkq1qte99dnn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Number sign</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69776</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339236</id>
      <timestamp>2021-01-25T01:30:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Jonesey95</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Adding unknown parameter tracking through [[:Category:Pages using number sign with unknown parameters]] using [[Module:check for unknown parameters]]</comment>
      <origin>339236</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="418" sha1="4si6ounncqlxvrasiz3fjx7kx7ik707" xml:space="preserve">&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using number sign template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Number sign]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;|ignoreblank=y}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4si6ounncqlxvrasiz3fjx7kx7ik707</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339237</id>
      <parentid>339236</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Number_sign]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339236</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="418" sha1="4si6ounncqlxvrasiz3fjx7kx7ik707" xml:space="preserve">&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using number sign template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Number sign]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;|ignoreblank=y}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4si6ounncqlxvrasiz3fjx7kx7ik707</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Redirect</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>69777</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339240</id>
      <timestamp>2021-09-10T07:46:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Johnuniq</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>restore p.getTargetFromText which is used by [[Module:RfD]] which is causing &quot;Lua error in Module:RfD at line 87: attempt to call upvalue 'getTargetFromText' (a nil value)&quot;</comment>
      <origin>339240</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3295" sha1="ixuh7hehfu8mxwx3ai7pksok45inaxs" xml:space="preserve">-- This module provides functions for getting the target of a redirect page.

local p = {}

-- Gets a mw.title object, using pcall to avoid generating script errors if we
-- are over the expensive function count limit (among other possible causes).
local function getTitle(...)
	local success, titleObj = pcall(mw.title.new, ...)
	if success then
		return titleObj
	else
		return nil
	end
end

-- Gets the name of a page that a redirect leads to, or nil if it isn't a
-- redirect.
function p.getTargetFromText(text)
	local target = string.match(
		text,
		&quot;^%s*#[Rr][Ee][Dd][Ii][Rr][Ee][Cc][Tt]%s*:?%s*%[%[([^%[%]|]-)%]%]&quot;
	) or string.match(
		text,
		&quot;^%s*#[Rr][Ee][Dd][Ii][Rr][Ee][Cc][Tt]%s*:?%s*%[%[([^%[%]|]-)|[^%[%]]-%]%]&quot;
	)
	return target and mw.uri.decode(target, 'PATH')
end

-- Gets the target of a redirect. If the page specified is not a redirect,
-- returns nil.
function p.getTarget(page, fulltext)
	-- Get the title object. Both page names and title objects are allowed
	-- as input.
	local titleObj
	if type(page) == 'string' or type(page) == 'number' then
		titleObj = getTitle(page)
	elseif type(page) == 'table' and type(page.getContent) == 'function' then
		titleObj = page
	else
		error(string.format(
			&quot;bad argument #1 to 'getTarget'&quot;
				.. &quot; (string, number, or title object expected, got %s)&quot;,
			type(page)
		), 2)
	end
	if not titleObj then
		return nil
	end
	local targetTitle = titleObj.redirectTarget
	if targetTitle then
		if fulltext then
			return targetTitle.fullText
		else
			return targetTitle.prefixedText
		end
	else
		return nil
	end
end

--[[
-- Given a single page name determines what page it redirects to and returns the
-- target page name, or the passed page name when not a redirect. The passed
-- page name can be given as plain text or as a page link.
--
-- Returns page name as plain text, or when the bracket parameter is given, as a
-- page link. Returns an error message when page does not exist or the redirect
-- target cannot be determined for some reason.
--]]
function p.luaMain(rname, bracket, fulltext)
	if type(rname) ~= &quot;string&quot; or not rname:find(&quot;%S&quot;) then
		return nil
	end
	bracket = bracket and &quot;[[%s]]&quot; or &quot;%s&quot;
	rname = rname:match(&quot;%[%[(.+)%]%]&quot;) or rname
	local target = p.getTarget(rname, fulltext)
	local ret = target or rname
	ret = getTitle(ret)
	if ret then
		if fulltext then
			ret = ret.fullText
		else
			ret = ret.prefixedText
		end
		return bracket:format(ret)
	else
		return nil
	end
end

-- Provides access to the luaMain function from wikitext.
function p.main(frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true})
	return p.luaMain(args[1], args.bracket, args.fulltext) or ''
end

-- Returns true if the specified page is a redirect, and false otherwise.
function p.luaIsRedirect(page)
	local titleObj = getTitle(page)
	if not titleObj then
		return false
	end
	if titleObj.isRedirect then
		return true
	else
		return false
	end
end

-- Provides access to the luaIsRedirect function from wikitext, returning 'yes'
-- if the specified page is a redirect, and the blank string otherwise.
function p.isRedirect(frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true})
	if p.luaIsRedirect(args[1]) then
		return 'yes'
	else
		return ''
	end
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>ixuh7hehfu8mxwx3ai7pksok45inaxs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339241</id>
      <parentid>339240</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Redirect]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339240</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="3295" sha1="ixuh7hehfu8mxwx3ai7pksok45inaxs" xml:space="preserve">-- This module provides functions for getting the target of a redirect page.

local p = {}

-- Gets a mw.title object, using pcall to avoid generating script errors if we
-- are over the expensive function count limit (among other possible causes).
local function getTitle(...)
	local success, titleObj = pcall(mw.title.new, ...)
	if success then
		return titleObj
	else
		return nil
	end
end

-- Gets the name of a page that a redirect leads to, or nil if it isn't a
-- redirect.
function p.getTargetFromText(text)
	local target = string.match(
		text,
		&quot;^%s*#[Rr][Ee][Dd][Ii][Rr][Ee][Cc][Tt]%s*:?%s*%[%[([^%[%]|]-)%]%]&quot;
	) or string.match(
		text,
		&quot;^%s*#[Rr][Ee][Dd][Ii][Rr][Ee][Cc][Tt]%s*:?%s*%[%[([^%[%]|]-)|[^%[%]]-%]%]&quot;
	)
	return target and mw.uri.decode(target, 'PATH')
end

-- Gets the target of a redirect. If the page specified is not a redirect,
-- returns nil.
function p.getTarget(page, fulltext)
	-- Get the title object. Both page names and title objects are allowed
	-- as input.
	local titleObj
	if type(page) == 'string' or type(page) == 'number' then
		titleObj = getTitle(page)
	elseif type(page) == 'table' and type(page.getContent) == 'function' then
		titleObj = page
	else
		error(string.format(
			&quot;bad argument #1 to 'getTarget'&quot;
				.. &quot; (string, number, or title object expected, got %s)&quot;,
			type(page)
		), 2)
	end
	if not titleObj then
		return nil
	end
	local targetTitle = titleObj.redirectTarget
	if targetTitle then
		if fulltext then
			return targetTitle.fullText
		else
			return targetTitle.prefixedText
		end
	else
		return nil
	end
end

--[[
-- Given a single page name determines what page it redirects to and returns the
-- target page name, or the passed page name when not a redirect. The passed
-- page name can be given as plain text or as a page link.
--
-- Returns page name as plain text, or when the bracket parameter is given, as a
-- page link. Returns an error message when page does not exist or the redirect
-- target cannot be determined for some reason.
--]]
function p.luaMain(rname, bracket, fulltext)
	if type(rname) ~= &quot;string&quot; or not rname:find(&quot;%S&quot;) then
		return nil
	end
	bracket = bracket and &quot;[[%s]]&quot; or &quot;%s&quot;
	rname = rname:match(&quot;%[%[(.+)%]%]&quot;) or rname
	local target = p.getTarget(rname, fulltext)
	local ret = target or rname
	ret = getTitle(ret)
	if ret then
		if fulltext then
			ret = ret.fullText
		else
			ret = ret.prefixedText
		end
		return bracket:format(ret)
	else
		return nil
	end
end

-- Provides access to the luaMain function from wikitext.
function p.main(frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true})
	return p.luaMain(args[1], args.bracket, args.fulltext) or ''
end

-- Returns true if the specified page is a redirect, and false otherwise.
function p.luaIsRedirect(page)
	local titleObj = getTitle(page)
	if not titleObj then
		return false
	end
	if titleObj.isRedirect then
		return true
	else
		return false
	end
end

-- Provides access to the luaIsRedirect function from wikitext, returning 'yes'
-- if the specified page is a redirect, and the blank string otherwise.
function p.isRedirect(frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true})
	if p.luaIsRedirect(args[1]) then
		return 'yes'
	else
		return ''
	end
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>ixuh7hehfu8mxwx3ai7pksok45inaxs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Mono/styles.css</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69778</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339246</id>
      <timestamp>2019-03-04T00:01:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Pppery</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Adding protection template</comment>
      <origin>339246</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="119" sha1="np4jqak6c9salmg4ht0lxddkoh7wqt0" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}} */
.monospaced {
	/* &quot;monospace, monospace&quot; per [[WP:MONO]] */
	font-family: monospace, monospace;
}</text>
      <sha1>np4jqak6c9salmg4ht0lxddkoh7wqt0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339247</id>
      <parentid>339246</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Mono/styles.css]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339246</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="119" sha1="np4jqak6c9salmg4ht0lxddkoh7wqt0" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}} */
.monospaced {
	/* &quot;monospace, monospace&quot; per [[WP:MONO]] */
	font-family: monospace, monospace;
}</text>
      <sha1>np4jqak6c9salmg4ht0lxddkoh7wqt0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Numcr2namecr</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>69779</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339278</id>
      <timestamp>2021-04-28T17:59:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;MusikBot II</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Module:Numcr2namecr]]&quot;: [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]] ([[User:MusikBot II/TemplateProtector|more info]]) ([Edit=Require autoconfirmed or confirmed access] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>339278</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="42817" sha1="o229krhmwd41nhyxsbzj04tnlqlv02n" xml:space="preserve">return {
[9]='&amp;amp;Tab;',
[33]='&amp;amp;excl;',
[34]='&amp;amp;quot;, &amp;amp;QUOT;',
[35]='&amp;amp;num;',
[36]='&amp;amp;dollar;',
[37]='&amp;amp;percnt;',
[38]='&amp;amp;amp;, &amp;amp;AMP;',
[39]='&amp;amp;apos;',
[40]='&amp;amp;lpar;',
[41]='&amp;amp;rpar;',
[42]='&amp;amp;ast;, &amp;amp;midast;',
[43]='&amp;amp;plus;',
[44]='&amp;amp;comma;',
[46]='&amp;amp;period;',
[47]='&amp;amp;sol;',
[58]='&amp;amp;colon;',
[59]='&amp;amp;semi;',
[60]='&amp;amp;lt;, &amp;amp;LT;',
[61]='&amp;amp;equals;',
[62]='&amp;amp;gt;, &amp;amp;GT;',
[63]='&amp;amp;quest;',
[64]='&amp;amp;commat;',
[91]='&amp;amp;lbrack;, &amp;amp;lsqb;',
[92]='&amp;amp;bsol;',
[93]='&amp;amp;rbrack;, &amp;amp;rsqb;',
[94]='&amp;amp;Hat;',
[95]='&amp;amp;lowbar;, &amp;amp;UnderBar;',
[96]='&amp;amp;DiacriticalGrave;, &amp;amp;grave;',
[123]='&amp;amp;lbrace;, &amp;amp;lcub;',
[124]='&amp;amp;verbar;, &amp;amp;vert;, &amp;amp;VerticalLine;',
[125]='&amp;amp;rbrace;, &amp;amp;rcub;',
[160]='&amp;amp;nbsp;, &amp;amp;NonBreakingSpace;',
[161]='&amp;amp;iexcl;',
[162]='&amp;amp;cent;',
[163]='&amp;amp;pound;',
[164]='&amp;amp;curren;',
[165]='&amp;amp;yen;',
[166]='&amp;amp;brvbar;',
[167]='&amp;amp;sect;',
[168]='&amp;amp;uml;, &amp;amp;die;, &amp;amp;Dot;, &amp;amp;DoubleDot;',
[169]='&amp;amp;copy;, &amp;amp;COPY;',
[170]='&amp;amp;ordf;',
[171]='&amp;amp;laquo;',
[172]='&amp;amp;not;',
[173]='&amp;amp;shy;',
[174]='&amp;amp;reg;, &amp;amp;REG;, &amp;amp;circledR;',
[175]='&amp;amp;macr;, &amp;amp;strns;',
[176]='&amp;amp;deg;',
[177]='&amp;amp;plusmn;, &amp;amp;PlusMinus;, &amp;amp;pm;',
[178]='&amp;amp;sup2;',
[179]='&amp;amp;sup3;',
[180]='&amp;amp;acute;, &amp;amp;DiacriticalAcute;',
[181]='&amp;amp;micro;',
[182]='&amp;amp;para;',
[183]='&amp;amp;middot;, &amp;amp;CenterDot;, &amp;amp;centerdot;',
[184]='&amp;amp;cedil;, &amp;amp;Cedilla;',
[185]='&amp;amp;sup1;',
[186]='&amp;amp;ordm;',
[187]='&amp;amp;raquo;',
[188]='&amp;amp;frac14;',
[189]='&amp;amp;frac12;, &amp;amp;half;',
[190]='&amp;amp;frac34;',
[191]='&amp;amp;iquest;',
[192]='&amp;amp;Agrave;',
[193]='&amp;amp;Aacute;',
[194]='&amp;amp;Acirc;',
[195]='&amp;amp;Atilde;',
[196]='&amp;amp;Auml;',
[197]='&amp;amp;Aring;, &amp;amp;angst;',
[198]='&amp;amp;AElig;',
[199]='&amp;amp;Ccedil;',
[200]='&amp;amp;Egrave;',
[201]='&amp;amp;Eacute;',
[202]='&amp;amp;Ecirc;',
[203]='&amp;amp;Euml;',
[204]='&amp;amp;Igrave;',
[205]='&amp;amp;Iacute;',
[206]='&amp;amp;Icirc;',
[207]='&amp;amp;Iuml;',
[208]='&amp;amp;ETH;',
[209]='&amp;amp;Ntilde;',
[210]='&amp;amp;Ograve;',
[211]='&amp;amp;Oacute;',
[212]='&amp;amp;Ocirc;',
[213]='&amp;amp;Otilde;',
[214]='&amp;amp;Ouml;',
[215]='&amp;amp;times;',
[216]='&amp;amp;Oslash;',
[217]='&amp;amp;Ugrave;',
[218]='&amp;amp;Uacute;',
[219]='&amp;amp;Ucirc;',
[220]='&amp;amp;Uuml;',
[221]='&amp;amp;Yacute;',
[222]='&amp;amp;THORN;',
[223]='&amp;amp;szlig;',
[224]='&amp;amp;agrave;',
[225]='&amp;amp;aacute;',
[226]='&amp;amp;acirc;',
[227]='&amp;amp;atilde;',
[228]='&amp;amp;auml;',
[229]='&amp;amp;aring;',
[230]='&amp;amp;aelig;',
[231]='&amp;amp;ccedil;',
[232]='&amp;amp;egrave;',
[233]='&amp;amp;eacute;',
[234]='&amp;amp;ecirc;',
[235]='&amp;amp;euml;',
[236]='&amp;amp;igrave;',
[237]='&amp;amp;iacute;',
[238]='&amp;amp;icirc;',
[239]='&amp;amp;iuml;',
[240]='&amp;amp;eth;',
[241]='&amp;amp;ntilde;',
[242]='&amp;amp;ograve;',
[243]='&amp;amp;oacute;',
[244]='&amp;amp;ocirc;',
[245]='&amp;amp;otilde;',
[246]='&amp;amp;ouml;',
[247]='&amp;amp;divide;, &amp;amp;div;',
[248]='&amp;amp;oslash;',
[249]='&amp;amp;ugrave;',
[250]='&amp;amp;uacute;',
[251]='&amp;amp;ucirc;',
[252]='&amp;amp;uuml;',
[253]='&amp;amp;yacute;',
[254]='&amp;amp;thorn;',
[255]='&amp;amp;yuml;',
[256]='&amp;amp;Amacr;',
[257]='&amp;amp;amacr;',
[258]='&amp;amp;Abreve;',
[259]='&amp;amp;abreve;',
[260]='&amp;amp;Aogon;',
[261]='&amp;amp;aogon;',
[262]='&amp;amp;Cacute;',
[263]='&amp;amp;cacute;',
[264]='&amp;amp;Ccirc;',
[265]='&amp;amp;ccirc;',
[266]='&amp;amp;Cdot;',
[267]='&amp;amp;cdot;',
[268]='&amp;amp;Ccaron;',
[269]='&amp;amp;ccaron;',
[270]='&amp;amp;Dcaron;',
[271]='&amp;amp;dcaron;',
[272]='&amp;amp;Dstrok;',
[273]='&amp;amp;dstrok;',
[274]='&amp;amp;Emacr;',
[275]='&amp;amp;emacr;',
[278]='&amp;amp;Edot;',
[279]='&amp;amp;edot;',
[280]='&amp;amp;Eogon;',
[281]='&amp;amp;eogon;',
[282]='&amp;amp;Ecaron;',
[283]='&amp;amp;ecaron;',
[284]='&amp;amp;Gcirc;',
[285]='&amp;amp;gcirc;',
[286]='&amp;amp;Gbreve;',
[287]='&amp;amp;gbreve;',
[288]='&amp;amp;Gdot;',
[289]='&amp;amp;gdot;',
[290]='&amp;amp;Gcedil;',
[292]='&amp;amp;Hcirc;',
[293]='&amp;amp;hcirc;',
[294]='&amp;amp;Hstrok;',
[295]='&amp;amp;hstrok;',
[296]='&amp;amp;Itilde;',
[297]='&amp;amp;itilde;',
[298]='&amp;amp;Imacr;',
[299]='&amp;amp;imacr;',
[302]='&amp;amp;Iogon;',
[303]='&amp;amp;iogon;',
[304]='&amp;amp;Idot;',
[305]='&amp;amp;imath;, &amp;amp;inodot;',
[306]='&amp;amp;IJlig;',
[307]='&amp;amp;ijlig;',
[308]='&amp;amp;Jcirc;',
[309]='&amp;amp;jcirc;',
[310]='&amp;amp;Kcedil;',
[311]='&amp;amp;kcedil;',
[312]='&amp;amp;kgreen;',
[313]='&amp;amp;Lacute;',
[314]='&amp;amp;lacute;',
[315]='&amp;amp;Lcedil;',
[316]='&amp;amp;lcedil;',
[317]='&amp;amp;Lcaron;',
[318]='&amp;amp;lcaron;',
[319]='&amp;amp;Lmidot;',
[320]='&amp;amp;lmidot;',
[321]='&amp;amp;Lstrok;',
[322]='&amp;amp;lstrok;',
[323]='&amp;amp;Nacute;',
[324]='&amp;amp;nacute;',
[325]='&amp;amp;Ncedil;',
[326]='&amp;amp;ncedil;',
[327]='&amp;amp;Ncaron;',
[328]='&amp;amp;ncaron;',
[329]='&amp;amp;napos;',
[330]='&amp;amp;ENG;',
[331]='&amp;amp;eng;',
[332]='&amp;amp;Omacr;',
[333]='&amp;amp;omacr;',
[336]='&amp;amp;Odblac;',
[337]='&amp;amp;odblac;',
[338]='&amp;amp;OElig;',
[339]='&amp;amp;oelig;',
[340]='&amp;amp;Racute;',
[341]='&amp;amp;racute;',
[342]='&amp;amp;Rcedil;',
[343]='&amp;amp;rcedil;',
[344]='&amp;amp;Rcaron;',
[345]='&amp;amp;rcaron;',
[346]='&amp;amp;Sacute;',
[347]='&amp;amp;sacute;',
[348]='&amp;amp;Scirc;',
[349]='&amp;amp;scirc;',
[350]='&amp;amp;Scedil;',
[351]='&amp;amp;scedil;',
[352]='&amp;amp;Scaron;',
[353]='&amp;amp;scaron;',
[354]='&amp;amp;Tcedil;',
[355]='&amp;amp;tcedil;',
[356]='&amp;amp;Tcaron;',
[357]='&amp;amp;tcaron;',
[358]='&amp;amp;Tstrok;',
[359]='&amp;amp;tstrok;',
[360]='&amp;amp;Utilde;',
[361]='&amp;amp;utilde;',
[362]='&amp;amp;Umacr;',
[363]='&amp;amp;umacr;',
[364]='&amp;amp;Ubreve;',
[365]='&amp;amp;ubreve;',
[366]='&amp;amp;Uring;',
[367]='&amp;amp;uring;',
[368]='&amp;amp;Udblac;',
[369]='&amp;amp;udblac;',
[370]='&amp;amp;Uogon;',
[371]='&amp;amp;uogon;',
[372]='&amp;amp;Wcirc;',
[373]='&amp;amp;wcirc;',
[374]='&amp;amp;Ycirc;',
[375]='&amp;amp;ycirc;',
[376]='&amp;amp;Yuml;',
[377]='&amp;amp;Zacute;',
[378]='&amp;amp;zacute;',
[379]='&amp;amp;Zdot;',
[380]='&amp;amp;zdot;',
[381]='&amp;amp;Zcaron;',
[382]='&amp;amp;zcaron;',
[402]='&amp;amp;fnof;',
[437]='&amp;amp;imped;',
[501]='&amp;amp;gacute;',
[567]='&amp;amp;jmath;',
[710]='&amp;amp;circ;',
[711]='&amp;amp;caron;, &amp;amp;Hacek;',
[728]='&amp;amp;Breve;, &amp;amp;breve;',
[729]='&amp;amp;DiacriticalDot;, &amp;amp;dot;',
[730]='&amp;amp;ring;',
[731]='&amp;amp;ogon;',
[732]='&amp;amp;DiacriticalTilde;, &amp;amp;tilde;',
[733]='&amp;amp;dblac;, &amp;amp;DiacriticalDoubleAcute;',
[785]='&amp;amp;DownBreve;',
[913]='&amp;amp;Alpha;',
[914]='&amp;amp;Beta;',
[915]='&amp;amp;Gamma;',
[916]='&amp;amp;Delta;',
[917]='&amp;amp;Epsilon;',
[918]='&amp;amp;Zeta;',
[919]='&amp;amp;Eta;',
[920]='&amp;amp;Theta;',
[921]='&amp;amp;Iota;',
[922]='&amp;amp;Kappa;',
[923]='&amp;amp;Lambda;',
[924]='&amp;amp;Mu;',
[925]='&amp;amp;Nu;',
[926]='&amp;amp;Xi;',
[927]='&amp;amp;Omicron;',
[928]='&amp;amp;Pi;',
[929]='&amp;amp;Rho;',
[931]='&amp;amp;Sigma;',
[932]='&amp;amp;Tau;',
[933]='&amp;amp;Upsilon;',
[934]='&amp;amp;Phi;',
[935]='&amp;amp;Chi;',
[936]='&amp;amp;Psi;',
[937]='&amp;amp;ohm;, &amp;amp;Omega;',
[945]='&amp;amp;alpha;',
[946]='&amp;amp;beta;',
[947]='&amp;amp;gamma;',
[948]='&amp;amp;delta;',
[949]='&amp;amp;epsi;, &amp;amp;epsilon;',
[950]='&amp;amp;zeta;',
[951]='&amp;amp;eta;',
[952]='&amp;amp;theta;',
[953]='&amp;amp;iota;',
[954]='&amp;amp;kappa;',
[955]='&amp;amp;lambda;',
[956]='&amp;amp;mu;',
[957]='&amp;amp;nu;',
[958]='&amp;amp;xi;',
[959]='&amp;amp;omicron;',
[960]='&amp;amp;pi;',
[961]='&amp;amp;rho;',
[962]='&amp;amp;sigmaf;, &amp;amp;sigmav;, &amp;amp;varsigma;',
[963]='&amp;amp;sigma;',
[964]='&amp;amp;tau;',
[965]='&amp;amp;upsi;, &amp;amp;upsilon;',
[966]='&amp;amp;phi;',
[967]='&amp;amp;chi;',
[968]='&amp;amp;psi;',
[969]='&amp;amp;omega;',
[977]='&amp;amp;thetasym;, &amp;amp;thetav;, &amp;amp;vartheta;',
[978]='&amp;amp;Upsi;, &amp;amp;upsih;',
[981]='&amp;amp;phiv;, &amp;amp;straightphi;, &amp;amp;varphi;',
[982]='&amp;amp;piv;, &amp;amp;varpi;',
[988]='&amp;amp;Gammad;',
[989]='&amp;amp;digamma;, &amp;amp;gammad;',
[1008]='&amp;amp;kappav;, &amp;amp;varkappa;',
[1009]='&amp;amp;rhov;, &amp;amp;varrho;',
[1013]='&amp;amp;epsiv;, &amp;amp;straightepsilon;, &amp;amp;varepsilon;',
[1014]='&amp;amp;backepsilon;, &amp;amp;bepsi;',
[1025]='&amp;amp;IOcy;',
[1026]='&amp;amp;DJcy;',
[1027]='&amp;amp;GJcy;',
[1028]='&amp;amp;Jukcy;',
[1029]='&amp;amp;DScy;',
[1030]='&amp;amp;Iukcy;',
[1031]='&amp;amp;YIcy;',
[1032]='&amp;amp;Jsercy;',
[1033]='&amp;amp;LJcy;',
[1034]='&amp;amp;NJcy;',
[1035]='&amp;amp;TSHcy;',
[1036]='&amp;amp;KJcy;',
[1038]='&amp;amp;Ubrcy;',
[1039]='&amp;amp;DZcy;',
[1040]='&amp;amp;Acy;',
[1041]='&amp;amp;Bcy;',
[1042]='&amp;amp;Vcy;',
[1043]='&amp;amp;Gcy;',
[1044]='&amp;amp;Dcy;',
[1045]='&amp;amp;IEcy;',
[1046]='&amp;amp;ZHcy;',
[1047]='&amp;amp;Zcy;',
[1048]='&amp;amp;Icy;',
[1049]='&amp;amp;Jcy;',
[1050]='&amp;amp;Kcy;',
[1051]='&amp;amp;Lcy;',
[1052]='&amp;amp;Mcy;',
[1053]='&amp;amp;Ncy;',
[1054]='&amp;amp;Ocy;',
[1055]='&amp;amp;Pcy;',
[1056]='&amp;amp;Rcy;',
[1057]='&amp;amp;Scy;',
[1058]='&amp;amp;Tcy;',
[1059]='&amp;amp;Ucy;',
[1060]='&amp;amp;Fcy;',
[1061]='&amp;amp;KHcy;',
[1062]='&amp;amp;TScy;',
[1063]='&amp;amp;CHcy;',
[1064]='&amp;amp;SHcy;',
[1065]='&amp;amp;SHCHcy;',
[1066]='&amp;amp;HARDcy;',
[1067]='&amp;amp;Ycy;',
[1068]='&amp;amp;SOFTcy;',
[1069]='&amp;amp;Ecy;',
[1070]='&amp;amp;YUcy;',
[1071]='&amp;amp;YAcy;',
[1072]='&amp;amp;acy;',
[1073]='&amp;amp;bcy;',
[1074]='&amp;amp;vcy;',
[1075]='&amp;amp;gcy;',
[1076]='&amp;amp;dcy;',
[1077]='&amp;amp;iecy;',
[1078]='&amp;amp;zhcy;',
[1079]='&amp;amp;zcy;',
[1080]='&amp;amp;icy;',
[1081]='&amp;amp;jcy;',
[1082]='&amp;amp;kcy;',
[1083]='&amp;amp;lcy;',
[1084]='&amp;amp;mcy;',
[1085]='&amp;amp;ncy;',
[1086]='&amp;amp;ocy;',
[1087]='&amp;amp;pcy;',
[1088]='&amp;amp;rcy;',
[1089]='&amp;amp;scy;',
[1090]='&amp;amp;tcy;',
[1091]='&amp;amp;ucy;',
[1092]='&amp;amp;fcy;',
[1093]='&amp;amp;khcy;',
[1094]='&amp;amp;tscy;',
[1095]='&amp;amp;chcy;',
[1096]='&amp;amp;shcy;',
[1097]='&amp;amp;shchcy;',
[1098]='&amp;amp;hardcy;',
[1099]='&amp;amp;ycy;',
[1100]='&amp;amp;softcy;',
[1101]='&amp;amp;ecy;',
[1102]='&amp;amp;yucy;',
[1103]='&amp;amp;yacy;',
[1105]='&amp;amp;iocy;',
[1106]='&amp;amp;djcy;',
[1107]='&amp;amp;gjcy;',
[1108]='&amp;amp;jukcy;',
[1109]='&amp;amp;dscy;',
[1110]='&amp;amp;iukcy;',
[1111]='&amp;amp;yicy;',
[1112]='&amp;amp;jsercy;',
[1113]='&amp;amp;ljcy;',
[1114]='&amp;amp;njcy;',
[1115]='&amp;amp;tshcy;',
[1116]='&amp;amp;kjcy;',
[1118]='&amp;amp;ubrcy;',
[1119]='&amp;amp;dzcy;',
[8194]='&amp;amp;ensp;',
[8195]='&amp;amp;emsp;',
[8196]='&amp;amp;emsp13;',
[8197]='&amp;amp;emsp14;',
[8199]='&amp;amp;numsp;',
[8200]='&amp;amp;puncsp;',
[8201]='&amp;amp;thinsp;, &amp;amp;ThinSpace;',
[8202]='&amp;amp;hairsp;, &amp;amp;VeryThinSpace;',
[8203]='&amp;amp;NegativeMediumSpace;, &amp;amp;NegativeThickSpace;, &amp;amp;NegativeThinSpace;, &amp;amp;NegativeVeryThinSpace;, &amp;amp;ZeroWidthSpace;',
[8204]='&amp;amp;zwnj;',
[8205]='&amp;amp;zwj;',
[8206]='&amp;amp;lrm;',
[8207]='&amp;amp;rlm;',
[8208]='&amp;amp;dash;, &amp;amp;hyphen;',
[8211]='&amp;amp;ndash;',
[8212]='&amp;amp;mdash;',
[8213]='&amp;amp;horbar;',
[8214]='&amp;amp;Verbar;, &amp;amp;Vert;',
[8216]='&amp;amp;lsquo;, &amp;amp;OpenCurlyQuote;',
[8217]='&amp;amp;CloseCurlyQuote;, &amp;amp;rsquo;, &amp;amp;rsquor;',
[8218]='&amp;amp;lsquor;, &amp;amp;sbquo;',
[8220]='&amp;amp;ldquo;, &amp;amp;OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;',
[8221]='&amp;amp;CloseCurlyDoubleQuote;, &amp;amp;rdquo;, &amp;amp;rdquor;',
[8222]='&amp;amp;bdquo;, &amp;amp;ldquor;',
[8224]='&amp;amp;dagger;',
[8225]='&amp;amp;Dagger;, &amp;amp;ddagger;',
[8226]='&amp;amp;bull;, &amp;amp;bullet;',
[8229]='&amp;amp;nldr;',
[8230]='&amp;amp;hellip;, &amp;amp;mldr;',
[8240]='&amp;amp;permil;',
[8241]='&amp;amp;pertenk;',
[8242]='&amp;amp;prime;',
[8243]='&amp;amp;Prime;',
[8244]='&amp;amp;tprime;',
[8245]='&amp;amp;backprime;, &amp;amp;bprime;',
[8249]='&amp;amp;lsaquo;',
[8250]='&amp;amp;rsaquo;',
[8254]='&amp;amp;oline;, &amp;amp;OverBar;',
[8257]='&amp;amp;caret;',
[8259]='&amp;amp;hybull;',
[8260]='&amp;amp;frasl;',
[8271]='&amp;amp;bsemi;',
[8279]='&amp;amp;qprime;',
[8287]='&amp;amp;MediumSpace;',
[8288]='&amp;amp;NoBreak;',
[8289]='&amp;amp;af;, &amp;amp;ApplyFunction;',
[8290]='&amp;amp;InvisibleTimes;, &amp;amp;it;',
[8291]='&amp;amp;ic;, &amp;amp;InvisibleComma;',
[8364]='&amp;amp;euro;',
[8411]='&amp;amp;tdot;, &amp;amp;TripleDot;',
[8412]='&amp;amp;DotDot;',
[8450]='&amp;amp;complexes;, &amp;amp;Copf;',
[8453]='&amp;amp;incare;',
[8458]='&amp;amp;gscr;',
[8459]='&amp;amp;hamilt;, &amp;amp;HilbertSpace;, &amp;amp;Hscr;',
[8460]='&amp;amp;Hfr;, &amp;amp;Poincareplane;',
[8461]='&amp;amp;Hopf;, &amp;amp;quaternions;',
[8462]='&amp;amp;planckh;',
[8463]='&amp;amp;hbar;, &amp;amp;hslash;, &amp;amp;planck;, &amp;amp;plankv;',
[8464]='&amp;amp;imagline;, &amp;amp;Iscr;',
[8465]='&amp;amp;Ifr;, &amp;amp;Im;, &amp;amp;image;, &amp;amp;imagpart;',
[8466]='&amp;amp;lagran;, &amp;amp;Laplacetrf;, &amp;amp;Lscr;',
[8467]='&amp;amp;ell;',
[8469]='&amp;amp;naturals;, &amp;amp;Nopf;',
[8470]='&amp;amp;numero;',
[8471]='&amp;amp;copysr;',
[8472]='&amp;amp;weierp;, &amp;amp;wp;',
[8473]='&amp;amp;Popf;, &amp;amp;primes;',
[8474]='&amp;amp;Qopf;, &amp;amp;rationals;',
[8475]='&amp;amp;realine;, &amp;amp;Rscr;',
[8476]='&amp;amp;Re;, &amp;amp;real;, &amp;amp;realpart;, &amp;amp;Rfr;',
[8477]='&amp;amp;reals;, &amp;amp;Ropf;',
[8478]='&amp;amp;rx;',
[8482]='&amp;amp;TRADE;, &amp;amp;trade;',
[8484]='&amp;amp;integers;, &amp;amp;Zopf;',
[8487]='&amp;amp;mho;',
[8488]='&amp;amp;zeetrf;, &amp;amp;Zfr;',
[8489]='&amp;amp;iiota;',
[8492]='&amp;amp;bernou;, &amp;amp;Bernoullis;, &amp;amp;Bscr;',
[8493]='&amp;amp;Cayleys;, &amp;amp;Cfr;',
[8495]='&amp;amp;escr;',
[8496]='&amp;amp;Escr;, &amp;amp;expectation;',
[8497]='&amp;amp;Fouriertrf;, &amp;amp;Fscr;',
[8499]='&amp;amp;Mellintrf;, &amp;amp;Mscr;, &amp;amp;phmmat;',
[8500]='&amp;amp;order;, &amp;amp;orderof;, &amp;amp;oscr;',
[8501]='&amp;amp;alefsym;, &amp;amp;aleph;',
[8502]='&amp;amp;beth;',
[8503]='&amp;amp;gimel;',
[8504]='&amp;amp;daleth;',
[8517]='&amp;amp;CapitalDifferentialD;, &amp;amp;DD;',
[8518]='&amp;amp;dd;, &amp;amp;DifferentialD;',
[8519]='&amp;amp;ee;, &amp;amp;ExponentialE;, &amp;amp;exponentiale;',
[8520]='&amp;amp;ii;, &amp;amp;ImaginaryI;',
[8531]='&amp;amp;frac13;',
[8532]='&amp;amp;frac23;',
[8533]='&amp;amp;frac15;',
[8534]='&amp;amp;frac25;',
[8535]='&amp;amp;frac35;',
[8536]='&amp;amp;frac45;',
[8537]='&amp;amp;frac16;',
[8538]='&amp;amp;frac56;',
[8539]='&amp;amp;frac18;',
[8540]='&amp;amp;frac38;',
[8541]='&amp;amp;frac58;',
[8542]='&amp;amp;frac78;',
[8592]='&amp;amp;larr;, &amp;amp;LeftArrow;, &amp;amp;leftarrow;, &amp;amp;ShortLeftArrow;, &amp;amp;slarr;',
[8593]='&amp;amp;ShortUpArrow;, &amp;amp;uarr;, &amp;amp;UpArrow;, &amp;amp;uparrow;',
[8594]='&amp;amp;rarr;, &amp;amp;RightArrow;, &amp;amp;rightarrow;, &amp;amp;ShortRightArrow;, &amp;amp;srarr;',
[8595]='&amp;amp;darr;, &amp;amp;DownArrow;, &amp;amp;downarrow;, &amp;amp;ShortDownArrow;',
[8596]='&amp;amp;harr;, &amp;amp;LeftRightArrow;, &amp;amp;leftrightarrow;',
[8597]='&amp;amp;UpDownArrow;, &amp;amp;updownarrow;, &amp;amp;varr;',
[8598]='&amp;amp;nwarr;, &amp;amp;nwarrow;, &amp;amp;UpperLeftArrow;',
[8599]='&amp;amp;nearr;, &amp;amp;nearrow;, &amp;amp;UpperRightArrow;',
[8600]='&amp;amp;LowerRightArrow;, &amp;amp;searr;, &amp;amp;searrow;',
[8601]='&amp;amp;LowerLeftArrow;, &amp;amp;swarr;, &amp;amp;swarrow;',
[8602]='&amp;amp;nlarr;, &amp;amp;nleftarrow;',
[8603]='&amp;amp;nrarr;, &amp;amp;nrightarrow;',
[8605]='&amp;amp;rarrw;, &amp;amp;rightsquigarrow;',
[8606]='&amp;amp;Larr;, &amp;amp;twoheadleftarrow;',
[8607]='&amp;amp;Uarr;',
[8608]='&amp;amp;Rarr;, &amp;amp;twoheadrightarrow;',
[8609]='&amp;amp;Darr;',
[8610]='&amp;amp;larrtl;, &amp;amp;leftarrowtail;',
[8611]='&amp;amp;rarrtl;, &amp;amp;rightarrowtail;',
[8612]='&amp;amp;LeftTeeArrow;, &amp;amp;mapstoleft;',
[8613]='&amp;amp;mapstoup;, &amp;amp;UpTeeArrow;',
[8614]='&amp;amp;map;, &amp;amp;mapsto;, &amp;amp;RightTeeArrow;',
[8615]='&amp;amp;DownTeeArrow;, &amp;amp;mapstodown;',
[8617]='&amp;amp;hookleftarrow;, &amp;amp;larrhk;',
[8618]='&amp;amp;hookrightarrow;, &amp;amp;rarrhk;',
[8619]='&amp;amp;larrlp;, &amp;amp;looparrowleft;',
[8620]='&amp;amp;looparrowright;, &amp;amp;rarrlp;',
[8621]='&amp;amp;harrw;, &amp;amp;leftrightsquigarrow;',
[8622]='&amp;amp;nharr;, &amp;amp;nleftrightarrow;',
[8624]='&amp;amp;Lsh;, &amp;amp;lsh;',
[8625]='&amp;amp;Rsh;, &amp;amp;rsh;',
[8626]='&amp;amp;ldsh;',
[8627]='&amp;amp;rdsh;',
[8629]='&amp;amp;crarr;',
[8630]='&amp;amp;cularr;, &amp;amp;curvearrowleft;',
[8631]='&amp;amp;curarr;, &amp;amp;curvearrowright;',
[8634]='&amp;amp;circlearrowleft;, &amp;amp;olarr;',
[8635]='&amp;amp;circlearrowright;, &amp;amp;orarr;',
[8636]='&amp;amp;leftharpoonup;, &amp;amp;LeftVector;, &amp;amp;lharu;',
[8637]='&amp;amp;DownLeftVector;, &amp;amp;leftharpoondown;, &amp;amp;lhard;',
[8638]='&amp;amp;RightUpVector;, &amp;amp;uharr;, &amp;amp;upharpoonright;',
[8639]='&amp;amp;LeftUpVector;, &amp;amp;uharl;, &amp;amp;upharpoonleft;',
[8640]='&amp;amp;rharu;, &amp;amp;rightharpoonup;, &amp;amp;RightVector;',
[8641]='&amp;amp;DownRightVector;, &amp;amp;rhard;, &amp;amp;rightharpoondown;',
[8642]='&amp;amp;dharr;, &amp;amp;downharpoonright;, &amp;amp;RightDownVector;',
[8643]='&amp;amp;dharl;, &amp;amp;downharpoonleft;, &amp;amp;LeftDownVector;',
[8644]='&amp;amp;RightArrowLeftArrow;, &amp;amp;rightleftarrows;, &amp;amp;rlarr;',
[8645]='&amp;amp;udarr;, &amp;amp;UpArrowDownArrow;',
[8646]='&amp;amp;LeftArrowRightArrow;, &amp;amp;leftrightarrows;, &amp;amp;lrarr;',
[8647]='&amp;amp;leftleftarrows;, &amp;amp;llarr;',
[8648]='&amp;amp;upuparrows;, &amp;amp;uuarr;',
[8649]='&amp;amp;rightrightarrows;, &amp;amp;rrarr;',
[8650]='&amp;amp;ddarr;, &amp;amp;downdownarrows;',
[8651]='&amp;amp;leftrightharpoons;, &amp;amp;lrhar;, &amp;amp;ReverseEquilibrium;',
[8652]='&amp;amp;Equilibrium;, &amp;amp;rightleftharpoons;, &amp;amp;rlhar;',
[8653]='&amp;amp;nlArr;, &amp;amp;nLeftarrow;',
[8654]='&amp;amp;nhArr;, &amp;amp;nLeftrightarrow;',
[8655]='&amp;amp;nrArr;, &amp;amp;nRightarrow;',
[8656]='&amp;amp;DoubleLeftArrow;, &amp;amp;lArr;, &amp;amp;Leftarrow;',
[8657]='&amp;amp;DoubleUpArrow;, &amp;amp;uArr;, &amp;amp;Uparrow;',
[8658]='&amp;amp;DoubleRightArrow;, &amp;amp;Implies;, &amp;amp;rArr;, &amp;amp;Rightarrow;',
[8659]='&amp;amp;dArr;, &amp;amp;DoubleDownArrow;, &amp;amp;Downarrow;',
[8660]='&amp;amp;DoubleLeftRightArrow;, &amp;amp;hArr;, &amp;amp;iff;, &amp;amp;Leftrightarrow;',
[8661]='&amp;amp;DoubleUpDownArrow;, &amp;amp;Updownarrow;, &amp;amp;vArr;',
[8662]='&amp;amp;nwArr;',
[8663]='&amp;amp;neArr;',
[8664]='&amp;amp;seArr;',
[8665]='&amp;amp;swArr;',
[8666]='&amp;amp;lAarr;, &amp;amp;Lleftarrow;',
[8667]='&amp;amp;rAarr;, &amp;amp;Rrightarrow;',
[8669]='&amp;amp;zigrarr;',
[8676]='&amp;amp;larrb;, &amp;amp;LeftArrowBar;',
[8677]='&amp;amp;rarrb;, &amp;amp;RightArrowBar;',
[8693]='&amp;amp;DownArrowUpArrow;, &amp;amp;duarr;',
[8701]='&amp;amp;loarr;',
[8702]='&amp;amp;roarr;',
[8703]='&amp;amp;hoarr;',
[8704]='&amp;amp;ForAll;, &amp;amp;forall;',
[8705]='&amp;amp;comp;, &amp;amp;complement;',
[8706]='&amp;amp;part;, &amp;amp;PartialD;',
[8707]='&amp;amp;exist;, &amp;amp;Exists;',
[8708]='&amp;amp;nexist;, &amp;amp;nexists;, &amp;amp;NotExists;',
[8709]='&amp;amp;empty;, &amp;amp;emptyset;, &amp;amp;emptyv;, &amp;amp;varnothing;',
[8711]='&amp;amp;Del;, &amp;amp;nabla;',
[8712]='&amp;amp;Element;, &amp;amp;in;, &amp;amp;isin;, &amp;amp;isinv;',
[8713]='&amp;amp;NotElement;, &amp;amp;notin;, &amp;amp;notinva;',
[8715]='&amp;amp;ni;, &amp;amp;niv;, &amp;amp;ReverseElement;, &amp;amp;SuchThat;',
[8716]='&amp;amp;notni;, &amp;amp;notniva;, &amp;amp;NotReverseElement;',
[8719]='&amp;amp;prod;, &amp;amp;Product;',
[8720]='&amp;amp;coprod;, &amp;amp;Coproduct;',
[8721]='&amp;amp;Sum;, &amp;amp;sum;',
[8722]='&amp;amp;minus;',
[8723]='&amp;amp;MinusPlus;, &amp;amp;mnplus;, &amp;amp;mp;',
[8724]='&amp;amp;dotplus;, &amp;amp;plusdo;',
[8726]='&amp;amp;Backslash;, &amp;amp;setminus;, &amp;amp;setmn;, &amp;amp;smallsetminus;, &amp;amp;ssetmn;',
[8727]='&amp;amp;lowast;',
[8728]='&amp;amp;compfn;, &amp;amp;SmallCircle;',
[8730]='&amp;amp;radic;, &amp;amp;Sqrt;',
[8733]='&amp;amp;prop;, &amp;amp;Proportional;, &amp;amp;propto;, &amp;amp;varpropto;, &amp;amp;vprop;',
[8734]='&amp;amp;infin;',
[8735]='&amp;amp;angrt;',
[8736]='&amp;amp;ang;, &amp;amp;angle;',
[8737]='&amp;amp;angmsd;, &amp;amp;measuredangle;',
[8738]='&amp;amp;angsph;',
[8739]='&amp;amp;mid;, &amp;amp;shortmid;, &amp;amp;smid;, &amp;amp;VerticalBar;',
[8740]='&amp;amp;nmid;, &amp;amp;NotVerticalBar;, &amp;amp;nshortmid;, &amp;amp;nsmid;',
[8741]='&amp;amp;DoubleVerticalBar;, &amp;amp;par;, &amp;amp;parallel;, &amp;amp;shortparallel;, &amp;amp;spar;',
[8742]='&amp;amp;NotDoubleVerticalBar;, &amp;amp;npar;, &amp;amp;nparallel;, &amp;amp;nshortparallel;, &amp;amp;nspar;',
[8743]='&amp;amp;and;, &amp;amp;wedge;',
[8744]='&amp;amp;or;, &amp;amp;vee;',
[8745]='&amp;amp;cap;',
[8746]='&amp;amp;cup;',
[8747]='&amp;amp;int;, &amp;amp;Integral;',
[8748]='&amp;amp;Int;',
[8749]='&amp;amp;iiint;, &amp;amp;tint;',
[8750]='&amp;amp;conint;, &amp;amp;ContourIntegral;, &amp;amp;oint;',
[8751]='&amp;amp;Conint;, &amp;amp;DoubleContourIntegral;',
[8752]='&amp;amp;Cconint;',
[8753]='&amp;amp;cwint;',
[8754]='&amp;amp;ClockwiseContourIntegral;, &amp;amp;cwconint;',
[8755]='&amp;amp;awconint;, &amp;amp;CounterClockwiseContourIntegral;',
[8756]='&amp;amp;there4;, &amp;amp;Therefore;, &amp;amp;therefore;',
[8757]='&amp;amp;becaus;, &amp;amp;Because;, &amp;amp;because;',
[8758]='&amp;amp;ratio;',
[8759]='&amp;amp;Colon;, &amp;amp;Proportion;',
[8760]='&amp;amp;dotminus;, &amp;amp;minusd;',
[8762]='&amp;amp;mDDot;',
[8763]='&amp;amp;homtht;',
[8764]='&amp;amp;sim;, &amp;amp;thicksim;, &amp;amp;thksim;, &amp;amp;Tilde;',
[8765]='&amp;amp;backsim;, &amp;amp;bsim;',
[8766]='&amp;amp;ac;, &amp;amp;mstpos;',
[8767]='&amp;amp;acd;',
[8768]='&amp;amp;VerticalTilde;, &amp;amp;wr;, &amp;amp;wreath;',
[8769]='&amp;amp;NotTilde;, &amp;amp;nsim;',
[8770]='&amp;amp;eqsim;, &amp;amp;EqualTilde;, &amp;amp;esim;',
[8771]='&amp;amp;sime;, &amp;amp;simeq;, &amp;amp;TildeEqual;',
[8772]='&amp;amp;NotTildeEqual;, &amp;amp;nsime;, &amp;amp;nsimeq;',
[8773]='&amp;amp;cong;, &amp;amp;TildeFullEqual;',
[8774]='&amp;amp;simne;',
[8775]='&amp;amp;ncong;, &amp;amp;NotTildeFullEqual;',
[8776]='&amp;amp;ap;, &amp;amp;approx;, &amp;amp;asymp;, &amp;amp;thickapprox;, &amp;amp;thkap;, &amp;amp;TildeTilde;',
[8777]='&amp;amp;nap;, &amp;amp;napprox;, &amp;amp;NotTildeTilde;',
[8778]='&amp;amp;ape;, &amp;amp;approxeq;',
[8779]='&amp;amp;apid;',
[8780]='&amp;amp;backcong;, &amp;amp;bcong;',
[8781]='&amp;amp;asympeq;, &amp;amp;CupCap;',
[8782]='&amp;amp;bump;, &amp;amp;Bumpeq;, &amp;amp;HumpDownHump;',
[8783]='&amp;amp;bumpe;, &amp;amp;bumpeq;, &amp;amp;HumpEqual;',
[8784]='&amp;amp;doteq;, &amp;amp;DotEqual;, &amp;amp;esdot;',
[8785]='&amp;amp;doteqdot;, &amp;amp;eDot;',
[8786]='&amp;amp;efDot;, &amp;amp;fallingdotseq;',
[8787]='&amp;amp;erDot;, &amp;amp;risingdotseq;',
[8788]='&amp;amp;Assign;, &amp;amp;colone;, &amp;amp;coloneq;',
[8789]='&amp;amp;ecolon;, &amp;amp;eqcolon;',
[8790]='&amp;amp;ecir;, &amp;amp;eqcirc;',
[8791]='&amp;amp;circeq;, &amp;amp;cire;',
[8793]='&amp;amp;wedgeq;',
[8794]='&amp;amp;veeeq;',
[8796]='&amp;amp;triangleq;, &amp;amp;trie;',
[8799]='&amp;amp;equest;, &amp;amp;questeq;',
[8800]='&amp;amp;ne;, &amp;amp;NotEqual;',
[8801]='&amp;amp;Congruent;, &amp;amp;equiv;',
[8802]='&amp;amp;nequiv;, &amp;amp;NotCongruent;',
[8804]='&amp;amp;le;, &amp;amp;leq;',
[8805]='&amp;amp;ge;, &amp;amp;geq;, &amp;amp;GreaterEqual;',
[8806]='&amp;amp;lE;, &amp;amp;leqq;, &amp;amp;LessFullEqual;',
[8807]='&amp;amp;gE;, &amp;amp;geqq;, &amp;amp;GreaterFullEqual;',
[8808]='&amp;amp;lnE;, &amp;amp;lneqq;',
[8809]='&amp;amp;gnE;, &amp;amp;gneqq;',
[8810]='&amp;amp;ll;, &amp;amp;Lt;, &amp;amp;NestedLessLess;',
[8811]='&amp;amp;gg;, &amp;amp;Gt;, &amp;amp;NestedGreaterGreater;',
[8812]='&amp;amp;between;, &amp;amp;twixt;',
[8813]='&amp;amp;NotCupCap;',
[8814]='&amp;amp;nless;, &amp;amp;nlt;, &amp;amp;NotLess;',
[8815]='&amp;amp;ngt;, &amp;amp;ngtr;, &amp;amp;NotGreater;',
[8816]='&amp;amp;nle;, &amp;amp;nleq;, &amp;amp;NotLessEqual;',
[8817]='&amp;amp;nge;, &amp;amp;ngeq;, &amp;amp;NotGreaterEqual;',
[8818]='&amp;amp;lesssim;, &amp;amp;LessTilde;, &amp;amp;lsim;',
[8819]='&amp;amp;GreaterTilde;, &amp;amp;gsim;, &amp;amp;gtrsim;',
[8820]='&amp;amp;nlsim;, &amp;amp;NotLessTilde;',
[8821]='&amp;amp;ngsim;, &amp;amp;NotGreaterTilde;',
[8822]='&amp;amp;LessGreater;, &amp;amp;lessgtr;, &amp;amp;lg;',
[8823]='&amp;amp;gl;, &amp;amp;GreaterLess;, &amp;amp;gtrless;',
[8824]='&amp;amp;NotLessGreater;, &amp;amp;ntlg;',
[8825]='&amp;amp;NotGreaterLess;, &amp;amp;ntgl;',
[8826]='&amp;amp;pr;, &amp;amp;prec;, &amp;amp;Precedes;',
[8827]='&amp;amp;sc;, &amp;amp;succ;, &amp;amp;Succeeds;',
[8828]='&amp;amp;prcue;, &amp;amp;preccurlyeq;, &amp;amp;PrecedesSlantEqual;',
[8829]='&amp;amp;sccue;, &amp;amp;succcurlyeq;, &amp;amp;SucceedsSlantEqual;',
[8830]='&amp;amp;PrecedesTilde;, &amp;amp;precsim;, &amp;amp;prsim;',
[8831]='&amp;amp;scsim;, &amp;amp;SucceedsTilde;, &amp;amp;succsim;',
[8832]='&amp;amp;NotPrecedes;, &amp;amp;npr;, &amp;amp;nprec;',
[8833]='&amp;amp;NotSucceeds;, &amp;amp;nsc;, &amp;amp;nsucc;',
[8834]='&amp;amp;sub;, &amp;amp;subset;',
[8835]='&amp;amp;sup;, &amp;amp;Superset;, &amp;amp;supset;',
[8836]='&amp;amp;nsub;',
[8837]='&amp;amp;nsup;',
[8838]='&amp;amp;sube;, &amp;amp;subseteq;, &amp;amp;SubsetEqual;',
[8839]='&amp;amp;supe;, &amp;amp;SupersetEqual;, &amp;amp;supseteq;',
[8840]='&amp;amp;NotSubsetEqual;, &amp;amp;nsube;, &amp;amp;nsubseteq;',
[8841]='&amp;amp;NotSupersetEqual;, &amp;amp;nsupe;, &amp;amp;nsupseteq;',
[8842]='&amp;amp;subne;, &amp;amp;subsetneq;',
[8843]='&amp;amp;supne;, &amp;amp;supsetneq;',
[8845]='&amp;amp;cupdot;',
[8846]='&amp;amp;UnionPlus;, &amp;amp;uplus;',
[8847]='&amp;amp;sqsub;, &amp;amp;sqsubset;, &amp;amp;SquareSubset;',
[8848]='&amp;amp;sqsup;, &amp;amp;sqsupset;, &amp;amp;SquareSuperset;',
[8849]='&amp;amp;sqsube;, &amp;amp;sqsubseteq;, &amp;amp;SquareSubsetEqual;',
[8850]='&amp;amp;sqsupe;, &amp;amp;sqsupseteq;, &amp;amp;SquareSupersetEqual;',
[8851]='&amp;amp;sqcap;, &amp;amp;SquareIntersection;',
[8852]='&amp;amp;sqcup;, &amp;amp;SquareUnion;',
[8853]='&amp;amp;CirclePlus;, &amp;amp;oplus;',
[8854]='&amp;amp;CircleMinus;, &amp;amp;ominus;',
[8855]='&amp;amp;CircleTimes;, &amp;amp;otimes;',
[8856]='&amp;amp;osol;',
[8857]='&amp;amp;CircleDot;, &amp;amp;odot;',
[8858]='&amp;amp;circledcirc;, &amp;amp;ocir;',
[8859]='&amp;amp;circledast;, &amp;amp;oast;',
[8861]='&amp;amp;circleddash;, &amp;amp;odash;',
[8862]='&amp;amp;boxplus;, &amp;amp;plusb;',
[8863]='&amp;amp;boxminus;, &amp;amp;minusb;',
[8864]='&amp;amp;boxtimes;, &amp;amp;timesb;',
[8865]='&amp;amp;dotsquare;, &amp;amp;sdotb;',
[8866]='&amp;amp;RightTee;, &amp;amp;vdash;',
[8867]='&amp;amp;dashv;, &amp;amp;LeftTee;',
[8868]='&amp;amp;DownTee;, &amp;amp;top;',
[8869]='&amp;amp;bot;, &amp;amp;bottom;, &amp;amp;perp;, &amp;amp;UpTee;',
[8871]='&amp;amp;models;',
[8872]='&amp;amp;DoubleRightTee;, &amp;amp;vDash;',
[8873]='&amp;amp;Vdash;',
[8874]='&amp;amp;Vvdash;',
[8875]='&amp;amp;VDash;',
[8876]='&amp;amp;nvdash;',
[8877]='&amp;amp;nvDash;',
[8878]='&amp;amp;nVdash;',
[8879]='&amp;amp;nVDash;',
[8880]='&amp;amp;prurel;',
[8882]='&amp;amp;LeftTriangle;, &amp;amp;vartriangleleft;, &amp;amp;vltri;',
[8883]='&amp;amp;RightTriangle;, &amp;amp;vartriangleright;, &amp;amp;vrtri;',
[8884]='&amp;amp;LeftTriangleEqual;, &amp;amp;ltrie;, &amp;amp;trianglelefteq;',
[8885]='&amp;amp;RightTriangleEqual;, &amp;amp;rtrie;, &amp;amp;trianglerighteq;',
[8886]='&amp;amp;origof;',
[8887]='&amp;amp;imof;',
[8888]='&amp;amp;multimap;, &amp;amp;mumap;',
[8889]='&amp;amp;hercon;',
[8890]='&amp;amp;intcal;, &amp;amp;intercal;',
[8891]='&amp;amp;veebar;',
[8893]='&amp;amp;barvee;',
[8894]='&amp;amp;angrtvb;',
[8895]='&amp;amp;lrtri;',
[8896]='&amp;amp;bigwedge;, &amp;amp;Wedge;, &amp;amp;xwedge;',
[8897]='&amp;amp;bigvee;, &amp;amp;Vee;, &amp;amp;xvee;',
[8898]='&amp;amp;bigcap;, &amp;amp;Intersection;, &amp;amp;xcap;',
[8899]='&amp;amp;bigcup;, &amp;amp;Union;, &amp;amp;xcup;',
[8900]='&amp;amp;diam;, &amp;amp;Diamond;, &amp;amp;diamond;',
[8901]='&amp;amp;sdot;',
[8902]='&amp;amp;sstarf;, &amp;amp;Star;',
[8903]='&amp;amp;divideontimes;, &amp;amp;divonx;',
[8904]='&amp;amp;bowtie;',
[8905]='&amp;amp;ltimes;',
[8906]='&amp;amp;rtimes;',
[8907]='&amp;amp;leftthreetimes;, &amp;amp;lthree;',
[8908]='&amp;amp;rightthreetimes;, &amp;amp;rthree;',
[8909]='&amp;amp;backsimeq;, &amp;amp;bsime;',
[8910]='&amp;amp;curlyvee;, &amp;amp;cuvee;',
[8911]='&amp;amp;curlywedge;, &amp;amp;cuwed;',
[8912]='&amp;amp;Sub;, &amp;amp;Subset;',
[8913]='&amp;amp;Sup;, &amp;amp;Supset;',
[8914]='&amp;amp;Cap;',
[8915]='&amp;amp;Cup;',
[8916]='&amp;amp;fork;, &amp;amp;pitchfork;',
[8917]='&amp;amp;epar;',
[8918]='&amp;amp;lessdot;, &amp;amp;ltdot;',
[8919]='&amp;amp;gtdot;, &amp;amp;gtrdot;',
[8920]='&amp;amp;Ll;',
[8921]='&amp;amp;Gg;, &amp;amp;ggg;',
[8922]='&amp;amp;leg;, &amp;amp;lesseqgtr;, &amp;amp;LessEqualGreater;',
[8923]='&amp;amp;gel;, &amp;amp;GreaterEqualLess;, &amp;amp;gtreqless;',
[8926]='&amp;amp;cuepr;, &amp;amp;curlyeqprec;',
[8927]='&amp;amp;cuesc;, &amp;amp;curlyeqsucc;',
[8928]='&amp;amp;NotPrecedesSlantEqual;, &amp;amp;nprcue;',
[8929]='&amp;amp;NotSucceedsSlantEqual;, &amp;amp;nsccue;',
[8930]='&amp;amp;NotSquareSubsetEqual;, &amp;amp;nsqsube;',
[8931]='&amp;amp;NotSquareSupersetEqual;, &amp;amp;nsqsupe;',
[8934]='&amp;amp;lnsim;',
[8935]='&amp;amp;gnsim;',
[8936]='&amp;amp;precnsim;, &amp;amp;prnsim;',
[8937]='&amp;amp;scnsim;, &amp;amp;succnsim;',
[8938]='&amp;amp;nltri;, &amp;amp;NotLeftTriangle;, &amp;amp;ntriangleleft;',
[8939]='&amp;amp;NotRightTriangle;, &amp;amp;nrtri;, &amp;amp;ntriangleright;',
[8940]='&amp;amp;nltrie;, &amp;amp;NotLeftTriangleEqual;, &amp;amp;ntrianglelefteq;',
[8941]='&amp;amp;NotRightTriangleEqual;, &amp;amp;nrtrie;, &amp;amp;ntrianglerighteq;',
[8942]='&amp;amp;vellip;',
[8943]='&amp;amp;ctdot;',
[8944]='&amp;amp;utdot;',
[8945]='&amp;amp;dtdot;',
[8946]='&amp;amp;disin;',
[8947]='&amp;amp;isinsv;',
[8948]='&amp;amp;isins;',
[8949]='&amp;amp;isindot;',
[8950]='&amp;amp;notinvc;',
[8951]='&amp;amp;notinvb;',
[8953]='&amp;amp;isinE;',
[8954]='&amp;amp;nisd;',
[8955]='&amp;amp;xnis;',
[8956]='&amp;amp;nis;',
[8957]='&amp;amp;notnivc;',
[8958]='&amp;amp;notnivb;',
[8965]='&amp;amp;barwed;, &amp;amp;barwedge;',
[8966]='&amp;amp;Barwed;, &amp;amp;doublebarwedge;',
[8968]='&amp;amp;lceil;, &amp;amp;LeftCeiling;',
[8969]='&amp;amp;rceil;, &amp;amp;RightCeiling;',
[8970]='&amp;amp;LeftFloor;, &amp;amp;lfloor;',
[8971]='&amp;amp;rfloor;, &amp;amp;RightFloor;',
[8972]='&amp;amp;drcrop;',
[8973]='&amp;amp;dlcrop;',
[8974]='&amp;amp;urcrop;',
[8975]='&amp;amp;ulcrop;',
[8976]='&amp;amp;bnot;',
[8978]='&amp;amp;profline;',
[8979]='&amp;amp;profsurf;',
[8981]='&amp;amp;telrec;',
[8982]='&amp;amp;target;',
[8988]='&amp;amp;ulcorn;, &amp;amp;ulcorner;',
[8989]='&amp;amp;urcorn;, &amp;amp;urcorner;',
[8990]='&amp;amp;dlcorn;, &amp;amp;llcorner;',
[8991]='&amp;amp;drcorn;, &amp;amp;lrcorner;',
[8994]='&amp;amp;frown;, &amp;amp;sfrown;',
[8995]='&amp;amp;smile;, &amp;amp;ssmile;',
[9005]='&amp;amp;cylcty;',
[9006]='&amp;amp;profalar;',
[9014]='&amp;amp;topbot;',
[9021]='&amp;amp;ovbar;',
[9023]='&amp;amp;solbar;',
[9084]='&amp;amp;angzarr;',
[9136]='&amp;amp;lmoust;, &amp;amp;lmoustache;',
[9137]='&amp;amp;rmoust;, &amp;amp;rmoustache;',
[9140]='&amp;amp;OverBracket;, &amp;amp;tbrk;',
[9141]='&amp;amp;bbrk;, &amp;amp;UnderBracket;',
[9142]='&amp;amp;bbrktbrk;',
[9180]='&amp;amp;OverParenthesis;',
[9181]='&amp;amp;UnderParenthesis;',
[9182]='&amp;amp;OverBrace;',
[9183]='&amp;amp;UnderBrace;',
[9186]='&amp;amp;trpezium;',
[9191]='&amp;amp;elinters;',
[9251]='&amp;amp;blank;',
[9416]='&amp;amp;circledS;, &amp;amp;oS;',
[9472]='&amp;amp;boxh;, &amp;amp;HorizontalLine;',
[9474]='&amp;amp;boxv;',
[9484]='&amp;amp;boxdr;',
[9488]='&amp;amp;boxdl;',
[9492]='&amp;amp;boxur;',
[9496]='&amp;amp;boxul;',
[9500]='&amp;amp;boxvr;',
[9508]='&amp;amp;boxvl;',
[9516]='&amp;amp;boxhd;',
[9524]='&amp;amp;boxhu;',
[9532]='&amp;amp;boxvh;',
[9552]='&amp;amp;boxH;',
[9553]='&amp;amp;boxV;',
[9554]='&amp;amp;boxdR;',
[9555]='&amp;amp;boxDr;',
[9556]='&amp;amp;boxDR;',
[9557]='&amp;amp;boxdL;',
[9558]='&amp;amp;boxDl;',
[9559]='&amp;amp;boxDL;',
[9560]='&amp;amp;boxuR;',
[9561]='&amp;amp;boxUr;',
[9562]='&amp;amp;boxUR;',
[9563]='&amp;amp;boxuL;',
[9564]='&amp;amp;boxUl;',
[9565]='&amp;amp;boxUL;',
[9566]='&amp;amp;boxvR;',
[9567]='&amp;amp;boxVr;',
[9568]='&amp;amp;boxVR;',
[9569]='&amp;amp;boxvL;',
[9570]='&amp;amp;boxVl;',
[9571]='&amp;amp;boxVL;',
[9572]='&amp;amp;boxHd;',
[9573]='&amp;amp;boxhD;',
[9574]='&amp;amp;boxHD;',
[9575]='&amp;amp;boxHu;',
[9576]='&amp;amp;boxhU;',
[9577]='&amp;amp;boxHU;',
[9578]='&amp;amp;boxvH;',
[9579]='&amp;amp;boxVh;',
[9580]='&amp;amp;boxVH;',
[9600]='&amp;amp;uhblk;',
[9604]='&amp;amp;lhblk;',
[9608]='&amp;amp;block;',
[9617]='&amp;amp;blk14;',
[9618]='&amp;amp;blk12;',
[9619]='&amp;amp;blk34;',
[9633]='&amp;amp;squ;, &amp;amp;Square;, &amp;amp;square;',
[9642]='&amp;amp;blacksquare;, &amp;amp;FilledVerySmallSquare;, &amp;amp;squarf;, &amp;amp;squf;',
[9643]='&amp;amp;EmptyVerySmallSquare;',
[9645]='&amp;amp;rect;',
[9646]='&amp;amp;marker;',
[9649]='&amp;amp;fltns;',
[9651]='&amp;amp;bigtriangleup;, &amp;amp;xutri;',
[9652]='&amp;amp;blacktriangle;, &amp;amp;utrif;',
[9653]='&amp;amp;triangle;, &amp;amp;utri;',
[9656]='&amp;amp;blacktriangleright;, &amp;amp;rtrif;',
[9657]='&amp;amp;rtri;, &amp;amp;triangleright;',
[9661]='&amp;amp;bigtriangledown;, &amp;amp;xdtri;',
[9662]='&amp;amp;blacktriangledown;, &amp;amp;dtrif;',
[9663]='&amp;amp;dtri;, &amp;amp;triangledown;',
[9666]='&amp;amp;blacktriangleleft;, &amp;amp;ltrif;',
[9667]='&amp;amp;ltri;, &amp;amp;triangleleft;',
[9674]='&amp;amp;loz;, &amp;amp;lozenge;',
[9675]='&amp;amp;cir;',
[9708]='&amp;amp;tridot;',
[9711]='&amp;amp;bigcirc;, &amp;amp;xcirc;',
[9720]='&amp;amp;ultri;',
[9721]='&amp;amp;urtri;',
[9722]='&amp;amp;lltri;',
[9723]='&amp;amp;EmptySmallSquare;',
[9724]='&amp;amp;FilledSmallSquare;',
[9733]='&amp;amp;bigstar;, &amp;amp;starf;',
[9734]='&amp;amp;star;',
[9742]='&amp;amp;phone;',
[9792]='&amp;amp;female;',
[9794]='&amp;amp;male;',
[9824]='&amp;amp;spades;, &amp;amp;spadesuit;',
[9827]='&amp;amp;clubs;, &amp;amp;clubsuit;',
[9829]='&amp;amp;hearts;, &amp;amp;heartsuit;',
[9830]='&amp;amp;diamondsuit;, &amp;amp;diams;',
[9834]='&amp;amp;sung;',
[9837]='&amp;amp;flat;',
[9838]='&amp;amp;natur;, &amp;amp;natural;',
[9839]='&amp;amp;sharp;',
[10003]='&amp;amp;check;, &amp;amp;checkmark;',
[10007]='&amp;amp;cross;',
[10016]='&amp;amp;malt;, &amp;amp;maltese;',
[10038]='&amp;amp;sext;',
[10072]='&amp;amp;VerticalSeparator;',
[10098]='&amp;amp;lbbrk;',
[10099]='&amp;amp;rbbrk;',
[10184]='&amp;amp;bsolhsub;',
[10185]='&amp;amp;suphsol;',
[10214]='&amp;amp;LeftDoubleBracket;, &amp;amp;lobrk;',
[10215]='&amp;amp;RightDoubleBracket;, &amp;amp;robrk;',
[10216]='&amp;amp;lang;, &amp;amp;langle;, &amp;amp;LeftAngleBracket;',
[10217]='&amp;amp;rang;, &amp;amp;rangle;, &amp;amp;RightAngleBracket;',
[10218]='&amp;amp;Lang;',
[10219]='&amp;amp;Rang;',
[10220]='&amp;amp;loang;',
[10221]='&amp;amp;roang;',
[10229]='&amp;amp;LongLeftArrow;, &amp;amp;longleftarrow;, &amp;amp;xlarr;',
[10230]='&amp;amp;LongRightArrow;, &amp;amp;longrightarrow;, &amp;amp;xrarr;',
[10231]='&amp;amp;LongLeftRightArrow;, &amp;amp;longleftrightarrow;, &amp;amp;xharr;',
[10232]='&amp;amp;DoubleLongLeftArrow;, &amp;amp;Longleftarrow;, &amp;amp;xlArr;',
[10233]='&amp;amp;DoubleLongRightArrow;, &amp;amp;Longrightarrow;, &amp;amp;xrArr;',
[10234]='&amp;amp;DoubleLongLeftRightArrow;, &amp;amp;Longleftrightarrow;, &amp;amp;xhArr;',
[10236]='&amp;amp;longmapsto;, &amp;amp;xmap;',
[10239]='&amp;amp;dzigrarr;',
[10498]='&amp;amp;nvlArr;',
[10499]='&amp;amp;nvrArr;',
[10500]='&amp;amp;nvHarr;',
[10501]='&amp;amp;Map;',
[10508]='&amp;amp;lbarr;',
[10509]='&amp;amp;bkarow;, &amp;amp;rbarr;',
[10510]='&amp;amp;lBarr;',
[10511]='&amp;amp;dbkarow;, &amp;amp;rBarr;',
[10512]='&amp;amp;drbkarow;, &amp;amp;RBarr;',
[10513]='&amp;amp;DDotrahd;',
[10514]='&amp;amp;UpArrowBar;',
[10515]='&amp;amp;DownArrowBar;',
[10518]='&amp;amp;Rarrtl;',
[10521]='&amp;amp;latail;',
[10522]='&amp;amp;ratail;',
[10523]='&amp;amp;lAtail;',
[10524]='&amp;amp;rAtail;',
[10525]='&amp;amp;larrfs;',
[10526]='&amp;amp;rarrfs;',
[10527]='&amp;amp;larrbfs;',
[10528]='&amp;amp;rarrbfs;',
[10531]='&amp;amp;nwarhk;',
[10532]='&amp;amp;nearhk;',
[10533]='&amp;amp;hksearow;, &amp;amp;searhk;',
[10534]='&amp;amp;hkswarow;, &amp;amp;swarhk;',
[10535]='&amp;amp;nwnear;',
[10536]='&amp;amp;nesear;, &amp;amp;toea;',
[10537]='&amp;amp;seswar;, &amp;amp;tosa;',
[10538]='&amp;amp;swnwar;',
[10547]='&amp;amp;rarrc;',
[10549]='&amp;amp;cudarrr;',
[10550]='&amp;amp;ldca;',
[10551]='&amp;amp;rdca;',
[10552]='&amp;amp;cudarrl;',
[10553]='&amp;amp;larrpl;',
[10556]='&amp;amp;curarrm;',
[10557]='&amp;amp;cularrp;',
[10565]='&amp;amp;rarrpl;',
[10568]='&amp;amp;harrcir;',
[10569]='&amp;amp;Uarrocir;',
[10570]='&amp;amp;lurdshar;',
[10571]='&amp;amp;ldrushar;',
[10574]='&amp;amp;LeftRightVector;',
[10575]='&amp;amp;RightUpDownVector;',
[10576]='&amp;amp;DownLeftRightVector;',
[10577]='&amp;amp;LeftUpDownVector;',
[10578]='&amp;amp;LeftVectorBar;',
[10579]='&amp;amp;RightVectorBar;',
[10580]='&amp;amp;RightUpVectorBar;',
[10581]='&amp;amp;RightDownVectorBar;',
[10582]='&amp;amp;DownLeftVectorBar;',
[10583]='&amp;amp;DownRightVectorBar;',
[10584]='&amp;amp;LeftUpVectorBar;',
[10585]='&amp;amp;LeftDownVectorBar;',
[10586]='&amp;amp;LeftTeeVector;',
[10587]='&amp;amp;RightTeeVector;',
[10588]='&amp;amp;RightUpTeeVector;',
[10589]='&amp;amp;RightDownTeeVector;',
[10590]='&amp;amp;DownLeftTeeVector;',
[10591]='&amp;amp;DownRightTeeVector;',
[10592]='&amp;amp;LeftUpTeeVector;',
[10593]='&amp;amp;LeftDownTeeVector;',
[10594]='&amp;amp;lHar;',
[10595]='&amp;amp;uHar;',
[10596]='&amp;amp;rHar;',
[10597]='&amp;amp;dHar;',
[10598]='&amp;amp;luruhar;',
[10599]='&amp;amp;ldrdhar;',
[10600]='&amp;amp;ruluhar;',
[10601]='&amp;amp;rdldhar;',
[10602]='&amp;amp;lharul;',
[10603]='&amp;amp;llhard;',
[10604]='&amp;amp;rharul;',
[10605]='&amp;amp;lrhard;',
[10606]='&amp;amp;udhar;, &amp;amp;UpEquilibrium;',
[10607]='&amp;amp;duhar;, &amp;amp;ReverseUpEquilibrium;',
[10608]='&amp;amp;RoundImplies;',
[10609]='&amp;amp;erarr;',
[10610]='&amp;amp;simrarr;',
[10611]='&amp;amp;larrsim;',
[10612]='&amp;amp;rarrsim;',
[10613]='&amp;amp;rarrap;',
[10614]='&amp;amp;ltlarr;',
[10616]='&amp;amp;gtrarr;',
[10617]='&amp;amp;subrarr;',
[10619]='&amp;amp;suplarr;',
[10620]='&amp;amp;lfisht;',
[10621]='&amp;amp;rfisht;',
[10622]='&amp;amp;ufisht;',
[10623]='&amp;amp;dfisht;',
[10629]='&amp;amp;lopar;',
[10630]='&amp;amp;ropar;',
[10635]='&amp;amp;lbrke;',
[10636]='&amp;amp;rbrke;',
[10637]='&amp;amp;lbrkslu;',
[10638]='&amp;amp;rbrksld;',
[10639]='&amp;amp;lbrksld;',
[10640]='&amp;amp;rbrkslu;',
[10641]='&amp;amp;langd;',
[10642]='&amp;amp;rangd;',
[10643]='&amp;amp;lparlt;',
[10644]='&amp;amp;rpargt;',
[10645]='&amp;amp;gtlPar;',
[10646]='&amp;amp;ltrPar;',
[10650]='&amp;amp;vzigzag;',
[10652]='&amp;amp;vangrt;',
[10653]='&amp;amp;angrtvbd;',
[10660]='&amp;amp;ange;',
[10661]='&amp;amp;range;',
[10662]='&amp;amp;dwangle;',
[10663]='&amp;amp;uwangle;',
[10664]='&amp;amp;angmsdaa;',
[10665]='&amp;amp;angmsdab;',
[10666]='&amp;amp;angmsdac;',
[10667]='&amp;amp;angmsdad;',
[10668]='&amp;amp;angmsdae;',
[10669]='&amp;amp;angmsdaf;',
[10670]='&amp;amp;angmsdag;',
[10671]='&amp;amp;angmsdah;',
[10672]='&amp;amp;bemptyv;',
[10673]='&amp;amp;demptyv;',
[10674]='&amp;amp;cemptyv;',
[10675]='&amp;amp;raemptyv;',
[10676]='&amp;amp;laemptyv;',
[10677]='&amp;amp;ohbar;',
[10678]='&amp;amp;omid;',
[10679]='&amp;amp;opar;',
[10681]='&amp;amp;operp;',
[10683]='&amp;amp;olcross;',
[10684]='&amp;amp;odsold;',
[10686]='&amp;amp;olcir;',
[10687]='&amp;amp;ofcir;',
[10688]='&amp;amp;olt;',
[10689]='&amp;amp;ogt;',
[10690]='&amp;amp;cirscir;',
[10691]='&amp;amp;cirE;',
[10692]='&amp;amp;solb;',
[10693]='&amp;amp;bsolb;',
[10697]='&amp;amp;boxbox;',
[10701]='&amp;amp;trisb;',
[10702]='&amp;amp;rtriltri;',
[10703]='&amp;amp;LeftTriangleBar;',
[10704]='&amp;amp;RightTriangleBar;',
[10716]='&amp;amp;iinfin;',
[10717]='&amp;amp;infintie;',
[10718]='&amp;amp;nvinfin;',
[10723]='&amp;amp;eparsl;',
[10724]='&amp;amp;smeparsl;',
[10725]='&amp;amp;eqvparsl;',
[10731]='&amp;amp;blacklozenge;, &amp;amp;lozf;',
[10740]='&amp;amp;RuleDelayed;',
[10742]='&amp;amp;dsol;',
[10752]='&amp;amp;bigodot;, &amp;amp;xodot;',
[10753]='&amp;amp;bigoplus;, &amp;amp;xoplus;',
[10754]='&amp;amp;bigotimes;, &amp;amp;xotime;',
[10756]='&amp;amp;biguplus;, &amp;amp;xuplus;',
[10758]='&amp;amp;bigsqcup;, &amp;amp;xsqcup;',
[10764]='&amp;amp;iiiint;, &amp;amp;qint;',
[10765]='&amp;amp;fpartint;',
[10768]='&amp;amp;cirfnint;',
[10769]='&amp;amp;awint;',
[10770]='&amp;amp;rppolint;',
[10771]='&amp;amp;scpolint;',
[10772]='&amp;amp;npolint;',
[10773]='&amp;amp;pointint;',
[10774]='&amp;amp;quatint;',
[10775]='&amp;amp;intlarhk;',
[10786]='&amp;amp;pluscir;',
[10787]='&amp;amp;plusacir;',
[10788]='&amp;amp;simplus;',
[10789]='&amp;amp;plusdu;',
[10790]='&amp;amp;plussim;',
[10791]='&amp;amp;plustwo;',
[10793]='&amp;amp;mcomma;',
[10794]='&amp;amp;minusdu;',
[10797]='&amp;amp;loplus;',
[10798]='&amp;amp;roplus;',
[10799]='&amp;amp;Cross;',
[10800]='&amp;amp;timesd;',
[10801]='&amp;amp;timesbar;',
[10803]='&amp;amp;smashp;',
[10804]='&amp;amp;lotimes;',
[10805]='&amp;amp;rotimes;',
[10806]='&amp;amp;otimesas;',
[10807]='&amp;amp;Otimes;',
[10808]='&amp;amp;odiv;',
[10809]='&amp;amp;triplus;',
[10810]='&amp;amp;triminus;',
[10811]='&amp;amp;tritime;',
[10812]='&amp;amp;intprod;, &amp;amp;iprod;',
[10815]='&amp;amp;amalg;',
[10816]='&amp;amp;capdot;',
[10818]='&amp;amp;ncup;',
[10819]='&amp;amp;ncap;',
[10820]='&amp;amp;capand;',
[10821]='&amp;amp;cupor;',
[10822]='&amp;amp;cupcap;',
[10823]='&amp;amp;capcup;',
[10824]='&amp;amp;cupbrcap;',
[10825]='&amp;amp;capbrcup;',
[10826]='&amp;amp;cupcup;',
[10827]='&amp;amp;capcap;',
[10828]='&amp;amp;ccups;',
[10829]='&amp;amp;ccaps;',
[10832]='&amp;amp;ccupssm;',
[10835]='&amp;amp;And;',
[10836]='&amp;amp;Or;',
[10837]='&amp;amp;andand;',
[10838]='&amp;amp;oror;',
[10839]='&amp;amp;orslope;',
[10840]='&amp;amp;andslope;',
[10842]='&amp;amp;andv;',
[10843]='&amp;amp;orv;',
[10844]='&amp;amp;andd;',
[10845]='&amp;amp;ord;',
[10847]='&amp;amp;wedbar;',
[10854]='&amp;amp;sdote;',
[10858]='&amp;amp;simdot;',
[10861]='&amp;amp;congdot;',
[10862]='&amp;amp;easter;',
[10863]='&amp;amp;apacir;',
[10864]='&amp;amp;apE;',
[10865]='&amp;amp;eplus;',
[10866]='&amp;amp;pluse;',
[10867]='&amp;amp;Esim;',
[10868]='&amp;amp;Colone;',
[10869]='&amp;amp;Equal;',
[10871]='&amp;amp;ddotseq;, &amp;amp;eDDot;',
[10872]='&amp;amp;equivDD;',
[10873]='&amp;amp;ltcir;',
[10874]='&amp;amp;gtcir;',
[10875]='&amp;amp;ltquest;',
[10876]='&amp;amp;gtquest;',
[10877]='&amp;amp;leqslant;, &amp;amp;les;, &amp;amp;LessSlantEqual;',
[10878]='&amp;amp;geqslant;, &amp;amp;ges;, &amp;amp;GreaterSlantEqual;',
[10879]='&amp;amp;lesdot;',
[10880]='&amp;amp;gesdot;',
[10881]='&amp;amp;lesdoto;',
[10882]='&amp;amp;gesdoto;',
[10883]='&amp;amp;lesdotor;',
[10884]='&amp;amp;gesdotol;',
[10885]='&amp;amp;lap;, &amp;amp;lessapprox;',
[10886]='&amp;amp;gap;, &amp;amp;gtrapprox;',
[10887]='&amp;amp;lne;, &amp;amp;lneq;',
[10888]='&amp;amp;gne;, &amp;amp;gneq;',
[10889]='&amp;amp;lnap;, &amp;amp;lnapprox;',
[10890]='&amp;amp;gnap;, &amp;amp;gnapprox;',
[10891]='&amp;amp;lEg;, &amp;amp;lesseqqgtr;',
[10892]='&amp;amp;gEl;, &amp;amp;gtreqqless;',
[10893]='&amp;amp;lsime;',
[10894]='&amp;amp;gsime;',
[10895]='&amp;amp;lsimg;',
[10896]='&amp;amp;gsiml;',
[10897]='&amp;amp;lgE;',
[10898]='&amp;amp;glE;',
[10899]='&amp;amp;lesges;',
[10900]='&amp;amp;gesles;',
[10901]='&amp;amp;els;, &amp;amp;eqslantless;',
[10902]='&amp;amp;egs;, &amp;amp;eqslantgtr;',
[10903]='&amp;amp;elsdot;',
[10904]='&amp;amp;egsdot;',
[10905]='&amp;amp;el;',
[10906]='&amp;amp;eg;',
[10909]='&amp;amp;siml;',
[10910]='&amp;amp;simg;',
[10911]='&amp;amp;simlE;',
[10912]='&amp;amp;simgE;',
[10913]='&amp;amp;LessLess;',
[10914]='&amp;amp;GreaterGreater;',
[10916]='&amp;amp;glj;',
[10917]='&amp;amp;gla;',
[10918]='&amp;amp;ltcc;',
[10919]='&amp;amp;gtcc;',
[10920]='&amp;amp;lescc;',
[10921]='&amp;amp;gescc;',
[10922]='&amp;amp;smt;',
[10923]='&amp;amp;lat;',
[10924]='&amp;amp;smte;',
[10925]='&amp;amp;late;',
[10926]='&amp;amp;bumpE;',
[10927]='&amp;amp;pre;, &amp;amp;PrecedesEqual;, &amp;amp;preceq;',
[10928]='&amp;amp;sce;, &amp;amp;SucceedsEqual;, &amp;amp;succeq;',
[10931]='&amp;amp;prE;',
[10932]='&amp;amp;scE;',
[10933]='&amp;amp;precneqq;, &amp;amp;prnE;',
[10934]='&amp;amp;scnE;, &amp;amp;succneqq;',
[10935]='&amp;amp;prap;, &amp;amp;precapprox;',
[10936]='&amp;amp;scap;, &amp;amp;succapprox;',
[10937]='&amp;amp;precnapprox;, &amp;amp;prnap;',
[10938]='&amp;amp;scnap;, &amp;amp;succnapprox;',
[10939]='&amp;amp;Pr;',
[10940]='&amp;amp;Sc;',
[10941]='&amp;amp;subdot;',
[10942]='&amp;amp;supdot;',
[10943]='&amp;amp;subplus;',
[10944]='&amp;amp;supplus;',
[10945]='&amp;amp;submult;',
[10946]='&amp;amp;supmult;',
[10947]='&amp;amp;subedot;',
[10948]='&amp;amp;supedot;',
[10949]='&amp;amp;subE;, &amp;amp;subseteqq;',
[10950]='&amp;amp;supE;, &amp;amp;supseteqq;',
[10951]='&amp;amp;subsim;',
[10952]='&amp;amp;supsim;',
[10955]='&amp;amp;subnE;, &amp;amp;subsetneqq;',
[10956]='&amp;amp;supnE;, &amp;amp;supsetneqq;',
[10959]='&amp;amp;csub;',
[10960]='&amp;amp;csup;',
[10961]='&amp;amp;csube;',
[10962]='&amp;amp;csupe;',
[10963]='&amp;amp;subsup;',
[10964]='&amp;amp;supsub;',
[10965]='&amp;amp;subsub;',
[10966]='&amp;amp;supsup;',
[10967]='&amp;amp;suphsub;',
[10968]='&amp;amp;supdsub;',
[10969]='&amp;amp;forkv;',
[10970]='&amp;amp;topfork;',
[10971]='&amp;amp;mlcp;',
[10980]='&amp;amp;Dashv;, &amp;amp;DoubleLeftTee;',
[10982]='&amp;amp;Vdashl;',
[10983]='&amp;amp;Barv;',
[10984]='&amp;amp;vBar;',
[10985]='&amp;amp;vBarv;',
[10987]='&amp;amp;Vbar;',
[10988]='&amp;amp;Not;',
[10989]='&amp;amp;bNot;',
[10990]='&amp;amp;rnmid;',
[10991]='&amp;amp;cirmid;',
[10992]='&amp;amp;midcir;',
[10993]='&amp;amp;topcir;',
[10994]='&amp;amp;nhpar;',
[10995]='&amp;amp;parsim;',
[11005]='&amp;amp;parsl;',
[64256]='&amp;amp;fflig;',
[64257]='&amp;amp;filig;',
[64258]='&amp;amp;fllig;',
[64259]='&amp;amp;ffilig;',
[64260]='&amp;amp;ffllig;',
[119964]='&amp;amp;Ascr;',
[119966]='&amp;amp;Cscr;',
[119967]='&amp;amp;Dscr;',
[119970]='&amp;amp;Gscr;',
[119973]='&amp;amp;Jscr;',
[119974]='&amp;amp;Kscr;',
[119977]='&amp;amp;Nscr;',
[119978]='&amp;amp;Oscr;',
[119979]='&amp;amp;Pscr;',
[119980]='&amp;amp;Qscr;',
[119982]='&amp;amp;Sscr;',
[119983]='&amp;amp;Tscr;',
[119984]='&amp;amp;Uscr;',
[119985]='&amp;amp;Vscr;',
[119986]='&amp;amp;Wscr;',
[119987]='&amp;amp;Xscr;',
[119988]='&amp;amp;Yscr;',
[119989]='&amp;amp;Zscr;',
[119990]='&amp;amp;ascr;',
[119991]='&amp;amp;bscr;',
[119992]='&amp;amp;cscr;',
[119993]='&amp;amp;dscr;',
[119995]='&amp;amp;fscr;',
[119997]='&amp;amp;hscr;',
[119998]='&amp;amp;iscr;',
[119999]='&amp;amp;jscr;',
[120000]='&amp;amp;kscr;',
[120001]='&amp;amp;lscr;',
[120002]='&amp;amp;mscr;',
[120003]='&amp;amp;nscr;',
[120005]='&amp;amp;pscr;',
[120006]='&amp;amp;qscr;',
[120007]='&amp;amp;rscr;',
[120008]='&amp;amp;sscr;',
[120009]='&amp;amp;tscr;',
[120010]='&amp;amp;uscr;',
[120011]='&amp;amp;vscr;',
[120012]='&amp;amp;wscr;',
[120013]='&amp;amp;xscr;',
[120014]='&amp;amp;yscr;',
[120015]='&amp;amp;zscr;',
[120068]='&amp;amp;Afr;',
[120069]='&amp;amp;Bfr;',
[120071]='&amp;amp;Dfr;',
[120072]='&amp;amp;Efr;',
[120073]='&amp;amp;Ffr;',
[120074]='&amp;amp;Gfr;',
[120077]='&amp;amp;Jfr;',
[120078]='&amp;amp;Kfr;',
[120079]='&amp;amp;Lfr;',
[120080]='&amp;amp;Mfr;',
[120081]='&amp;amp;Nfr;',
[120082]='&amp;amp;Ofr;',
[120083]='&amp;amp;Pfr;',
[120084]='&amp;amp;Qfr;',
[120086]='&amp;amp;Sfr;',
[120087]='&amp;amp;Tfr;',
[120088]='&amp;amp;Ufr;',
[120089]='&amp;amp;Vfr;',
[120090]='&amp;amp;Wfr;',
[120091]='&amp;amp;Xfr;',
[120092]='&amp;amp;Yfr;',
[120094]='&amp;amp;afr;',
[120095]='&amp;amp;bfr;',
[120096]='&amp;amp;cfr;',
[120097]='&amp;amp;dfr;',
[120098]='&amp;amp;efr;',
[120099]='&amp;amp;ffr;',
[120100]='&amp;amp;gfr;',
[120101]='&amp;amp;hfr;',
[120102]='&amp;amp;ifr;',
[120103]='&amp;amp;jfr;',
[120104]='&amp;amp;kfr;',
[120105]='&amp;amp;lfr;',
[120106]='&amp;amp;mfr;',
[120107]='&amp;amp;nfr;',
[120108]='&amp;amp;ofr;',
[120109]='&amp;amp;pfr;',
[120110]='&amp;amp;qfr;',
[120111]='&amp;amp;rfr;',
[120112]='&amp;amp;sfr;',
[120113]='&amp;amp;tfr;',
[120114]='&amp;amp;ufr;',
[120115]='&amp;amp;vfr;',
[120116]='&amp;amp;wfr;',
[120117]='&amp;amp;xfr;',
[120118]='&amp;amp;yfr;',
[120119]='&amp;amp;zfr;',
[120120]='&amp;amp;Aopf;',
[120121]='&amp;amp;Bopf;',
[120123]='&amp;amp;Dopf;',
[120124]='&amp;amp;Eopf;',
[120125]='&amp;amp;Fopf;',
[120126]='&amp;amp;Gopf;',
[120128]='&amp;amp;Iopf;',
[120129]='&amp;amp;Jopf;',
[120130]='&amp;amp;Kopf;',
[120131]='&amp;amp;Lopf;',
[120132]='&amp;amp;Mopf;',
[120134]='&amp;amp;Oopf;',
[120138]='&amp;amp;Sopf;',
[120139]='&amp;amp;Topf;',
[120140]='&amp;amp;Uopf;',
[120141]='&amp;amp;Vopf;',
[120142]='&amp;amp;Wopf;',
[120143]='&amp;amp;Xopf;',
[120144]='&amp;amp;Yopf;',
[120146]='&amp;amp;aopf;',
[120147]='&amp;amp;bopf;',
[120148]='&amp;amp;copf;',
[120149]='&amp;amp;dopf;',
[120150]='&amp;amp;eopf;',
[120151]='&amp;amp;fopf;',
[120152]='&amp;amp;gopf;',
[120153]='&amp;amp;hopf;',
[120154]='&amp;amp;iopf;',
[120155]='&amp;amp;jopf;',
[120156]='&amp;amp;kopf;',
[120157]='&amp;amp;lopf;',
[120158]='&amp;amp;mopf;',
[120159]='&amp;amp;nopf;',
[120160]='&amp;amp;oopf;',
[120161]='&amp;amp;popf;',
[120162]='&amp;amp;qopf;',
[120163]='&amp;amp;ropf;',
[120164]='&amp;amp;sopf;',
[120165]='&amp;amp;topf;',
[120166]='&amp;amp;uopf;',
[120167]='&amp;amp;vopf;',
[120168]='&amp;amp;wopf;',
[120169]='&amp;amp;xopf;',
[120170]='&amp;amp;yopf;',
[120171]='&amp;amp;zopf;'}</text>
      <sha1>o229krhmwd41nhyxsbzj04tnlqlv02n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339279</id>
      <parentid>339278</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Numcr2namecr]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339278</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="42817" sha1="o229krhmwd41nhyxsbzj04tnlqlv02n" xml:space="preserve">return {
[9]='&amp;amp;Tab;',
[33]='&amp;amp;excl;',
[34]='&amp;amp;quot;, &amp;amp;QUOT;',
[35]='&amp;amp;num;',
[36]='&amp;amp;dollar;',
[37]='&amp;amp;percnt;',
[38]='&amp;amp;amp;, &amp;amp;AMP;',
[39]='&amp;amp;apos;',
[40]='&amp;amp;lpar;',
[41]='&amp;amp;rpar;',
[42]='&amp;amp;ast;, &amp;amp;midast;',
[43]='&amp;amp;plus;',
[44]='&amp;amp;comma;',
[46]='&amp;amp;period;',
[47]='&amp;amp;sol;',
[58]='&amp;amp;colon;',
[59]='&amp;amp;semi;',
[60]='&amp;amp;lt;, &amp;amp;LT;',
[61]='&amp;amp;equals;',
[62]='&amp;amp;gt;, &amp;amp;GT;',
[63]='&amp;amp;quest;',
[64]='&amp;amp;commat;',
[91]='&amp;amp;lbrack;, &amp;amp;lsqb;',
[92]='&amp;amp;bsol;',
[93]='&amp;amp;rbrack;, &amp;amp;rsqb;',
[94]='&amp;amp;Hat;',
[95]='&amp;amp;lowbar;, &amp;amp;UnderBar;',
[96]='&amp;amp;DiacriticalGrave;, &amp;amp;grave;',
[123]='&amp;amp;lbrace;, &amp;amp;lcub;',
[124]='&amp;amp;verbar;, &amp;amp;vert;, &amp;amp;VerticalLine;',
[125]='&amp;amp;rbrace;, &amp;amp;rcub;',
[160]='&amp;amp;nbsp;, &amp;amp;NonBreakingSpace;',
[161]='&amp;amp;iexcl;',
[162]='&amp;amp;cent;',
[163]='&amp;amp;pound;',
[164]='&amp;amp;curren;',
[165]='&amp;amp;yen;',
[166]='&amp;amp;brvbar;',
[167]='&amp;amp;sect;',
[168]='&amp;amp;uml;, &amp;amp;die;, &amp;amp;Dot;, &amp;amp;DoubleDot;',
[169]='&amp;amp;copy;, &amp;amp;COPY;',
[170]='&amp;amp;ordf;',
[171]='&amp;amp;laquo;',
[172]='&amp;amp;not;',
[173]='&amp;amp;shy;',
[174]='&amp;amp;reg;, &amp;amp;REG;, &amp;amp;circledR;',
[175]='&amp;amp;macr;, &amp;amp;strns;',
[176]='&amp;amp;deg;',
[177]='&amp;amp;plusmn;, &amp;amp;PlusMinus;, &amp;amp;pm;',
[178]='&amp;amp;sup2;',
[179]='&amp;amp;sup3;',
[180]='&amp;amp;acute;, &amp;amp;DiacriticalAcute;',
[181]='&amp;amp;micro;',
[182]='&amp;amp;para;',
[183]='&amp;amp;middot;, &amp;amp;CenterDot;, &amp;amp;centerdot;',
[184]='&amp;amp;cedil;, &amp;amp;Cedilla;',
[185]='&amp;amp;sup1;',
[186]='&amp;amp;ordm;',
[187]='&amp;amp;raquo;',
[188]='&amp;amp;frac14;',
[189]='&amp;amp;frac12;, &amp;amp;half;',
[190]='&amp;amp;frac34;',
[191]='&amp;amp;iquest;',
[192]='&amp;amp;Agrave;',
[193]='&amp;amp;Aacute;',
[194]='&amp;amp;Acirc;',
[195]='&amp;amp;Atilde;',
[196]='&amp;amp;Auml;',
[197]='&amp;amp;Aring;, &amp;amp;angst;',
[198]='&amp;amp;AElig;',
[199]='&amp;amp;Ccedil;',
[200]='&amp;amp;Egrave;',
[201]='&amp;amp;Eacute;',
[202]='&amp;amp;Ecirc;',
[203]='&amp;amp;Euml;',
[204]='&amp;amp;Igrave;',
[205]='&amp;amp;Iacute;',
[206]='&amp;amp;Icirc;',
[207]='&amp;amp;Iuml;',
[208]='&amp;amp;ETH;',
[209]='&amp;amp;Ntilde;',
[210]='&amp;amp;Ograve;',
[211]='&amp;amp;Oacute;',
[212]='&amp;amp;Ocirc;',
[213]='&amp;amp;Otilde;',
[214]='&amp;amp;Ouml;',
[215]='&amp;amp;times;',
[216]='&amp;amp;Oslash;',
[217]='&amp;amp;Ugrave;',
[218]='&amp;amp;Uacute;',
[219]='&amp;amp;Ucirc;',
[220]='&amp;amp;Uuml;',
[221]='&amp;amp;Yacute;',
[222]='&amp;amp;THORN;',
[223]='&amp;amp;szlig;',
[224]='&amp;amp;agrave;',
[225]='&amp;amp;aacute;',
[226]='&amp;amp;acirc;',
[227]='&amp;amp;atilde;',
[228]='&amp;amp;auml;',
[229]='&amp;amp;aring;',
[230]='&amp;amp;aelig;',
[231]='&amp;amp;ccedil;',
[232]='&amp;amp;egrave;',
[233]='&amp;amp;eacute;',
[234]='&amp;amp;ecirc;',
[235]='&amp;amp;euml;',
[236]='&amp;amp;igrave;',
[237]='&amp;amp;iacute;',
[238]='&amp;amp;icirc;',
[239]='&amp;amp;iuml;',
[240]='&amp;amp;eth;',
[241]='&amp;amp;ntilde;',
[242]='&amp;amp;ograve;',
[243]='&amp;amp;oacute;',
[244]='&amp;amp;ocirc;',
[245]='&amp;amp;otilde;',
[246]='&amp;amp;ouml;',
[247]='&amp;amp;divide;, &amp;amp;div;',
[248]='&amp;amp;oslash;',
[249]='&amp;amp;ugrave;',
[250]='&amp;amp;uacute;',
[251]='&amp;amp;ucirc;',
[252]='&amp;amp;uuml;',
[253]='&amp;amp;yacute;',
[254]='&amp;amp;thorn;',
[255]='&amp;amp;yuml;',
[256]='&amp;amp;Amacr;',
[257]='&amp;amp;amacr;',
[258]='&amp;amp;Abreve;',
[259]='&amp;amp;abreve;',
[260]='&amp;amp;Aogon;',
[261]='&amp;amp;aogon;',
[262]='&amp;amp;Cacute;',
[263]='&amp;amp;cacute;',
[264]='&amp;amp;Ccirc;',
[265]='&amp;amp;ccirc;',
[266]='&amp;amp;Cdot;',
[267]='&amp;amp;cdot;',
[268]='&amp;amp;Ccaron;',
[269]='&amp;amp;ccaron;',
[270]='&amp;amp;Dcaron;',
[271]='&amp;amp;dcaron;',
[272]='&amp;amp;Dstrok;',
[273]='&amp;amp;dstrok;',
[274]='&amp;amp;Emacr;',
[275]='&amp;amp;emacr;',
[278]='&amp;amp;Edot;',
[279]='&amp;amp;edot;',
[280]='&amp;amp;Eogon;',
[281]='&amp;amp;eogon;',
[282]='&amp;amp;Ecaron;',
[283]='&amp;amp;ecaron;',
[284]='&amp;amp;Gcirc;',
[285]='&amp;amp;gcirc;',
[286]='&amp;amp;Gbreve;',
[287]='&amp;amp;gbreve;',
[288]='&amp;amp;Gdot;',
[289]='&amp;amp;gdot;',
[290]='&amp;amp;Gcedil;',
[292]='&amp;amp;Hcirc;',
[293]='&amp;amp;hcirc;',
[294]='&amp;amp;Hstrok;',
[295]='&amp;amp;hstrok;',
[296]='&amp;amp;Itilde;',
[297]='&amp;amp;itilde;',
[298]='&amp;amp;Imacr;',
[299]='&amp;amp;imacr;',
[302]='&amp;amp;Iogon;',
[303]='&amp;amp;iogon;',
[304]='&amp;amp;Idot;',
[305]='&amp;amp;imath;, &amp;amp;inodot;',
[306]='&amp;amp;IJlig;',
[307]='&amp;amp;ijlig;',
[308]='&amp;amp;Jcirc;',
[309]='&amp;amp;jcirc;',
[310]='&amp;amp;Kcedil;',
[311]='&amp;amp;kcedil;',
[312]='&amp;amp;kgreen;',
[313]='&amp;amp;Lacute;',
[314]='&amp;amp;lacute;',
[315]='&amp;amp;Lcedil;',
[316]='&amp;amp;lcedil;',
[317]='&amp;amp;Lcaron;',
[318]='&amp;amp;lcaron;',
[319]='&amp;amp;Lmidot;',
[320]='&amp;amp;lmidot;',
[321]='&amp;amp;Lstrok;',
[322]='&amp;amp;lstrok;',
[323]='&amp;amp;Nacute;',
[324]='&amp;amp;nacute;',
[325]='&amp;amp;Ncedil;',
[326]='&amp;amp;ncedil;',
[327]='&amp;amp;Ncaron;',
[328]='&amp;amp;ncaron;',
[329]='&amp;amp;napos;',
[330]='&amp;amp;ENG;',
[331]='&amp;amp;eng;',
[332]='&amp;amp;Omacr;',
[333]='&amp;amp;omacr;',
[336]='&amp;amp;Odblac;',
[337]='&amp;amp;odblac;',
[338]='&amp;amp;OElig;',
[339]='&amp;amp;oelig;',
[340]='&amp;amp;Racute;',
[341]='&amp;amp;racute;',
[342]='&amp;amp;Rcedil;',
[343]='&amp;amp;rcedil;',
[344]='&amp;amp;Rcaron;',
[345]='&amp;amp;rcaron;',
[346]='&amp;amp;Sacute;',
[347]='&amp;amp;sacute;',
[348]='&amp;amp;Scirc;',
[349]='&amp;amp;scirc;',
[350]='&amp;amp;Scedil;',
[351]='&amp;amp;scedil;',
[352]='&amp;amp;Scaron;',
[353]='&amp;amp;scaron;',
[354]='&amp;amp;Tcedil;',
[355]='&amp;amp;tcedil;',
[356]='&amp;amp;Tcaron;',
[357]='&amp;amp;tcaron;',
[358]='&amp;amp;Tstrok;',
[359]='&amp;amp;tstrok;',
[360]='&amp;amp;Utilde;',
[361]='&amp;amp;utilde;',
[362]='&amp;amp;Umacr;',
[363]='&amp;amp;umacr;',
[364]='&amp;amp;Ubreve;',
[365]='&amp;amp;ubreve;',
[366]='&amp;amp;Uring;',
[367]='&amp;amp;uring;',
[368]='&amp;amp;Udblac;',
[369]='&amp;amp;udblac;',
[370]='&amp;amp;Uogon;',
[371]='&amp;amp;uogon;',
[372]='&amp;amp;Wcirc;',
[373]='&amp;amp;wcirc;',
[374]='&amp;amp;Ycirc;',
[375]='&amp;amp;ycirc;',
[376]='&amp;amp;Yuml;',
[377]='&amp;amp;Zacute;',
[378]='&amp;amp;zacute;',
[379]='&amp;amp;Zdot;',
[380]='&amp;amp;zdot;',
[381]='&amp;amp;Zcaron;',
[382]='&amp;amp;zcaron;',
[402]='&amp;amp;fnof;',
[437]='&amp;amp;imped;',
[501]='&amp;amp;gacute;',
[567]='&amp;amp;jmath;',
[710]='&amp;amp;circ;',
[711]='&amp;amp;caron;, &amp;amp;Hacek;',
[728]='&amp;amp;Breve;, &amp;amp;breve;',
[729]='&amp;amp;DiacriticalDot;, &amp;amp;dot;',
[730]='&amp;amp;ring;',
[731]='&amp;amp;ogon;',
[732]='&amp;amp;DiacriticalTilde;, &amp;amp;tilde;',
[733]='&amp;amp;dblac;, &amp;amp;DiacriticalDoubleAcute;',
[785]='&amp;amp;DownBreve;',
[913]='&amp;amp;Alpha;',
[914]='&amp;amp;Beta;',
[915]='&amp;amp;Gamma;',
[916]='&amp;amp;Delta;',
[917]='&amp;amp;Epsilon;',
[918]='&amp;amp;Zeta;',
[919]='&amp;amp;Eta;',
[920]='&amp;amp;Theta;',
[921]='&amp;amp;Iota;',
[922]='&amp;amp;Kappa;',
[923]='&amp;amp;Lambda;',
[924]='&amp;amp;Mu;',
[925]='&amp;amp;Nu;',
[926]='&amp;amp;Xi;',
[927]='&amp;amp;Omicron;',
[928]='&amp;amp;Pi;',
[929]='&amp;amp;Rho;',
[931]='&amp;amp;Sigma;',
[932]='&amp;amp;Tau;',
[933]='&amp;amp;Upsilon;',
[934]='&amp;amp;Phi;',
[935]='&amp;amp;Chi;',
[936]='&amp;amp;Psi;',
[937]='&amp;amp;ohm;, &amp;amp;Omega;',
[945]='&amp;amp;alpha;',
[946]='&amp;amp;beta;',
[947]='&amp;amp;gamma;',
[948]='&amp;amp;delta;',
[949]='&amp;amp;epsi;, &amp;amp;epsilon;',
[950]='&amp;amp;zeta;',
[951]='&amp;amp;eta;',
[952]='&amp;amp;theta;',
[953]='&amp;amp;iota;',
[954]='&amp;amp;kappa;',
[955]='&amp;amp;lambda;',
[956]='&amp;amp;mu;',
[957]='&amp;amp;nu;',
[958]='&amp;amp;xi;',
[959]='&amp;amp;omicron;',
[960]='&amp;amp;pi;',
[961]='&amp;amp;rho;',
[962]='&amp;amp;sigmaf;, &amp;amp;sigmav;, &amp;amp;varsigma;',
[963]='&amp;amp;sigma;',
[964]='&amp;amp;tau;',
[965]='&amp;amp;upsi;, &amp;amp;upsilon;',
[966]='&amp;amp;phi;',
[967]='&amp;amp;chi;',
[968]='&amp;amp;psi;',
[969]='&amp;amp;omega;',
[977]='&amp;amp;thetasym;, &amp;amp;thetav;, &amp;amp;vartheta;',
[978]='&amp;amp;Upsi;, &amp;amp;upsih;',
[981]='&amp;amp;phiv;, &amp;amp;straightphi;, &amp;amp;varphi;',
[982]='&amp;amp;piv;, &amp;amp;varpi;',
[988]='&amp;amp;Gammad;',
[989]='&amp;amp;digamma;, &amp;amp;gammad;',
[1008]='&amp;amp;kappav;, &amp;amp;varkappa;',
[1009]='&amp;amp;rhov;, &amp;amp;varrho;',
[1013]='&amp;amp;epsiv;, &amp;amp;straightepsilon;, &amp;amp;varepsilon;',
[1014]='&amp;amp;backepsilon;, &amp;amp;bepsi;',
[1025]='&amp;amp;IOcy;',
[1026]='&amp;amp;DJcy;',
[1027]='&amp;amp;GJcy;',
[1028]='&amp;amp;Jukcy;',
[1029]='&amp;amp;DScy;',
[1030]='&amp;amp;Iukcy;',
[1031]='&amp;amp;YIcy;',
[1032]='&amp;amp;Jsercy;',
[1033]='&amp;amp;LJcy;',
[1034]='&amp;amp;NJcy;',
[1035]='&amp;amp;TSHcy;',
[1036]='&amp;amp;KJcy;',
[1038]='&amp;amp;Ubrcy;',
[1039]='&amp;amp;DZcy;',
[1040]='&amp;amp;Acy;',
[1041]='&amp;amp;Bcy;',
[1042]='&amp;amp;Vcy;',
[1043]='&amp;amp;Gcy;',
[1044]='&amp;amp;Dcy;',
[1045]='&amp;amp;IEcy;',
[1046]='&amp;amp;ZHcy;',
[1047]='&amp;amp;Zcy;',
[1048]='&amp;amp;Icy;',
[1049]='&amp;amp;Jcy;',
[1050]='&amp;amp;Kcy;',
[1051]='&amp;amp;Lcy;',
[1052]='&amp;amp;Mcy;',
[1053]='&amp;amp;Ncy;',
[1054]='&amp;amp;Ocy;',
[1055]='&amp;amp;Pcy;',
[1056]='&amp;amp;Rcy;',
[1057]='&amp;amp;Scy;',
[1058]='&amp;amp;Tcy;',
[1059]='&amp;amp;Ucy;',
[1060]='&amp;amp;Fcy;',
[1061]='&amp;amp;KHcy;',
[1062]='&amp;amp;TScy;',
[1063]='&amp;amp;CHcy;',
[1064]='&amp;amp;SHcy;',
[1065]='&amp;amp;SHCHcy;',
[1066]='&amp;amp;HARDcy;',
[1067]='&amp;amp;Ycy;',
[1068]='&amp;amp;SOFTcy;',
[1069]='&amp;amp;Ecy;',
[1070]='&amp;amp;YUcy;',
[1071]='&amp;amp;YAcy;',
[1072]='&amp;amp;acy;',
[1073]='&amp;amp;bcy;',
[1074]='&amp;amp;vcy;',
[1075]='&amp;amp;gcy;',
[1076]='&amp;amp;dcy;',
[1077]='&amp;amp;iecy;',
[1078]='&amp;amp;zhcy;',
[1079]='&amp;amp;zcy;',
[1080]='&amp;amp;icy;',
[1081]='&amp;amp;jcy;',
[1082]='&amp;amp;kcy;',
[1083]='&amp;amp;lcy;',
[1084]='&amp;amp;mcy;',
[1085]='&amp;amp;ncy;',
[1086]='&amp;amp;ocy;',
[1087]='&amp;amp;pcy;',
[1088]='&amp;amp;rcy;',
[1089]='&amp;amp;scy;',
[1090]='&amp;amp;tcy;',
[1091]='&amp;amp;ucy;',
[1092]='&amp;amp;fcy;',
[1093]='&amp;amp;khcy;',
[1094]='&amp;amp;tscy;',
[1095]='&amp;amp;chcy;',
[1096]='&amp;amp;shcy;',
[1097]='&amp;amp;shchcy;',
[1098]='&amp;amp;hardcy;',
[1099]='&amp;amp;ycy;',
[1100]='&amp;amp;softcy;',
[1101]='&amp;amp;ecy;',
[1102]='&amp;amp;yucy;',
[1103]='&amp;amp;yacy;',
[1105]='&amp;amp;iocy;',
[1106]='&amp;amp;djcy;',
[1107]='&amp;amp;gjcy;',
[1108]='&amp;amp;jukcy;',
[1109]='&amp;amp;dscy;',
[1110]='&amp;amp;iukcy;',
[1111]='&amp;amp;yicy;',
[1112]='&amp;amp;jsercy;',
[1113]='&amp;amp;ljcy;',
[1114]='&amp;amp;njcy;',
[1115]='&amp;amp;tshcy;',
[1116]='&amp;amp;kjcy;',
[1118]='&amp;amp;ubrcy;',
[1119]='&amp;amp;dzcy;',
[8194]='&amp;amp;ensp;',
[8195]='&amp;amp;emsp;',
[8196]='&amp;amp;emsp13;',
[8197]='&amp;amp;emsp14;',
[8199]='&amp;amp;numsp;',
[8200]='&amp;amp;puncsp;',
[8201]='&amp;amp;thinsp;, &amp;amp;ThinSpace;',
[8202]='&amp;amp;hairsp;, &amp;amp;VeryThinSpace;',
[8203]='&amp;amp;NegativeMediumSpace;, &amp;amp;NegativeThickSpace;, &amp;amp;NegativeThinSpace;, &amp;amp;NegativeVeryThinSpace;, &amp;amp;ZeroWidthSpace;',
[8204]='&amp;amp;zwnj;',
[8205]='&amp;amp;zwj;',
[8206]='&amp;amp;lrm;',
[8207]='&amp;amp;rlm;',
[8208]='&amp;amp;dash;, &amp;amp;hyphen;',
[8211]='&amp;amp;ndash;',
[8212]='&amp;amp;mdash;',
[8213]='&amp;amp;horbar;',
[8214]='&amp;amp;Verbar;, &amp;amp;Vert;',
[8216]='&amp;amp;lsquo;, &amp;amp;OpenCurlyQuote;',
[8217]='&amp;amp;CloseCurlyQuote;, &amp;amp;rsquo;, &amp;amp;rsquor;',
[8218]='&amp;amp;lsquor;, &amp;amp;sbquo;',
[8220]='&amp;amp;ldquo;, &amp;amp;OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;',
[8221]='&amp;amp;CloseCurlyDoubleQuote;, &amp;amp;rdquo;, &amp;amp;rdquor;',
[8222]='&amp;amp;bdquo;, &amp;amp;ldquor;',
[8224]='&amp;amp;dagger;',
[8225]='&amp;amp;Dagger;, &amp;amp;ddagger;',
[8226]='&amp;amp;bull;, &amp;amp;bullet;',
[8229]='&amp;amp;nldr;',
[8230]='&amp;amp;hellip;, &amp;amp;mldr;',
[8240]='&amp;amp;permil;',
[8241]='&amp;amp;pertenk;',
[8242]='&amp;amp;prime;',
[8243]='&amp;amp;Prime;',
[8244]='&amp;amp;tprime;',
[8245]='&amp;amp;backprime;, &amp;amp;bprime;',
[8249]='&amp;amp;lsaquo;',
[8250]='&amp;amp;rsaquo;',
[8254]='&amp;amp;oline;, &amp;amp;OverBar;',
[8257]='&amp;amp;caret;',
[8259]='&amp;amp;hybull;',
[8260]='&amp;amp;frasl;',
[8271]='&amp;amp;bsemi;',
[8279]='&amp;amp;qprime;',
[8287]='&amp;amp;MediumSpace;',
[8288]='&amp;amp;NoBreak;',
[8289]='&amp;amp;af;, &amp;amp;ApplyFunction;',
[8290]='&amp;amp;InvisibleTimes;, &amp;amp;it;',
[8291]='&amp;amp;ic;, &amp;amp;InvisibleComma;',
[8364]='&amp;amp;euro;',
[8411]='&amp;amp;tdot;, &amp;amp;TripleDot;',
[8412]='&amp;amp;DotDot;',
[8450]='&amp;amp;complexes;, &amp;amp;Copf;',
[8453]='&amp;amp;incare;',
[8458]='&amp;amp;gscr;',
[8459]='&amp;amp;hamilt;, &amp;amp;HilbertSpace;, &amp;amp;Hscr;',
[8460]='&amp;amp;Hfr;, &amp;amp;Poincareplane;',
[8461]='&amp;amp;Hopf;, &amp;amp;quaternions;',
[8462]='&amp;amp;planckh;',
[8463]='&amp;amp;hbar;, &amp;amp;hslash;, &amp;amp;planck;, &amp;amp;plankv;',
[8464]='&amp;amp;imagline;, &amp;amp;Iscr;',
[8465]='&amp;amp;Ifr;, &amp;amp;Im;, &amp;amp;image;, &amp;amp;imagpart;',
[8466]='&amp;amp;lagran;, &amp;amp;Laplacetrf;, &amp;amp;Lscr;',
[8467]='&amp;amp;ell;',
[8469]='&amp;amp;naturals;, &amp;amp;Nopf;',
[8470]='&amp;amp;numero;',
[8471]='&amp;amp;copysr;',
[8472]='&amp;amp;weierp;, &amp;amp;wp;',
[8473]='&amp;amp;Popf;, &amp;amp;primes;',
[8474]='&amp;amp;Qopf;, &amp;amp;rationals;',
[8475]='&amp;amp;realine;, &amp;amp;Rscr;',
[8476]='&amp;amp;Re;, &amp;amp;real;, &amp;amp;realpart;, &amp;amp;Rfr;',
[8477]='&amp;amp;reals;, &amp;amp;Ropf;',
[8478]='&amp;amp;rx;',
[8482]='&amp;amp;TRADE;, &amp;amp;trade;',
[8484]='&amp;amp;integers;, &amp;amp;Zopf;',
[8487]='&amp;amp;mho;',
[8488]='&amp;amp;zeetrf;, &amp;amp;Zfr;',
[8489]='&amp;amp;iiota;',
[8492]='&amp;amp;bernou;, &amp;amp;Bernoullis;, &amp;amp;Bscr;',
[8493]='&amp;amp;Cayleys;, &amp;amp;Cfr;',
[8495]='&amp;amp;escr;',
[8496]='&amp;amp;Escr;, &amp;amp;expectation;',
[8497]='&amp;amp;Fouriertrf;, &amp;amp;Fscr;',
[8499]='&amp;amp;Mellintrf;, &amp;amp;Mscr;, &amp;amp;phmmat;',
[8500]='&amp;amp;order;, &amp;amp;orderof;, &amp;amp;oscr;',
[8501]='&amp;amp;alefsym;, &amp;amp;aleph;',
[8502]='&amp;amp;beth;',
[8503]='&amp;amp;gimel;',
[8504]='&amp;amp;daleth;',
[8517]='&amp;amp;CapitalDifferentialD;, &amp;amp;DD;',
[8518]='&amp;amp;dd;, &amp;amp;DifferentialD;',
[8519]='&amp;amp;ee;, &amp;amp;ExponentialE;, &amp;amp;exponentiale;',
[8520]='&amp;amp;ii;, &amp;amp;ImaginaryI;',
[8531]='&amp;amp;frac13;',
[8532]='&amp;amp;frac23;',
[8533]='&amp;amp;frac15;',
[8534]='&amp;amp;frac25;',
[8535]='&amp;amp;frac35;',
[8536]='&amp;amp;frac45;',
[8537]='&amp;amp;frac16;',
[8538]='&amp;amp;frac56;',
[8539]='&amp;amp;frac18;',
[8540]='&amp;amp;frac38;',
[8541]='&amp;amp;frac58;',
[8542]='&amp;amp;frac78;',
[8592]='&amp;amp;larr;, &amp;amp;LeftArrow;, &amp;amp;leftarrow;, &amp;amp;ShortLeftArrow;, &amp;amp;slarr;',
[8593]='&amp;amp;ShortUpArrow;, &amp;amp;uarr;, &amp;amp;UpArrow;, &amp;amp;uparrow;',
[8594]='&amp;amp;rarr;, &amp;amp;RightArrow;, &amp;amp;rightarrow;, &amp;amp;ShortRightArrow;, &amp;amp;srarr;',
[8595]='&amp;amp;darr;, &amp;amp;DownArrow;, &amp;amp;downarrow;, &amp;amp;ShortDownArrow;',
[8596]='&amp;amp;harr;, &amp;amp;LeftRightArrow;, &amp;amp;leftrightarrow;',
[8597]='&amp;amp;UpDownArrow;, &amp;amp;updownarrow;, &amp;amp;varr;',
[8598]='&amp;amp;nwarr;, &amp;amp;nwarrow;, &amp;amp;UpperLeftArrow;',
[8599]='&amp;amp;nearr;, &amp;amp;nearrow;, &amp;amp;UpperRightArrow;',
[8600]='&amp;amp;LowerRightArrow;, &amp;amp;searr;, &amp;amp;searrow;',
[8601]='&amp;amp;LowerLeftArrow;, &amp;amp;swarr;, &amp;amp;swarrow;',
[8602]='&amp;amp;nlarr;, &amp;amp;nleftarrow;',
[8603]='&amp;amp;nrarr;, &amp;amp;nrightarrow;',
[8605]='&amp;amp;rarrw;, &amp;amp;rightsquigarrow;',
[8606]='&amp;amp;Larr;, &amp;amp;twoheadleftarrow;',
[8607]='&amp;amp;Uarr;',
[8608]='&amp;amp;Rarr;, &amp;amp;twoheadrightarrow;',
[8609]='&amp;amp;Darr;',
[8610]='&amp;amp;larrtl;, &amp;amp;leftarrowtail;',
[8611]='&amp;amp;rarrtl;, &amp;amp;rightarrowtail;',
[8612]='&amp;amp;LeftTeeArrow;, &amp;amp;mapstoleft;',
[8613]='&amp;amp;mapstoup;, &amp;amp;UpTeeArrow;',
[8614]='&amp;amp;map;, &amp;amp;mapsto;, &amp;amp;RightTeeArrow;',
[8615]='&amp;amp;DownTeeArrow;, &amp;amp;mapstodown;',
[8617]='&amp;amp;hookleftarrow;, &amp;amp;larrhk;',
[8618]='&amp;amp;hookrightarrow;, &amp;amp;rarrhk;',
[8619]='&amp;amp;larrlp;, &amp;amp;looparrowleft;',
[8620]='&amp;amp;looparrowright;, &amp;amp;rarrlp;',
[8621]='&amp;amp;harrw;, &amp;amp;leftrightsquigarrow;',
[8622]='&amp;amp;nharr;, &amp;amp;nleftrightarrow;',
[8624]='&amp;amp;Lsh;, &amp;amp;lsh;',
[8625]='&amp;amp;Rsh;, &amp;amp;rsh;',
[8626]='&amp;amp;ldsh;',
[8627]='&amp;amp;rdsh;',
[8629]='&amp;amp;crarr;',
[8630]='&amp;amp;cularr;, &amp;amp;curvearrowleft;',
[8631]='&amp;amp;curarr;, &amp;amp;curvearrowright;',
[8634]='&amp;amp;circlearrowleft;, &amp;amp;olarr;',
[8635]='&amp;amp;circlearrowright;, &amp;amp;orarr;',
[8636]='&amp;amp;leftharpoonup;, &amp;amp;LeftVector;, &amp;amp;lharu;',
[8637]='&amp;amp;DownLeftVector;, &amp;amp;leftharpoondown;, &amp;amp;lhard;',
[8638]='&amp;amp;RightUpVector;, &amp;amp;uharr;, &amp;amp;upharpoonright;',
[8639]='&amp;amp;LeftUpVector;, &amp;amp;uharl;, &amp;amp;upharpoonleft;',
[8640]='&amp;amp;rharu;, &amp;amp;rightharpoonup;, &amp;amp;RightVector;',
[8641]='&amp;amp;DownRightVector;, &amp;amp;rhard;, &amp;amp;rightharpoondown;',
[8642]='&amp;amp;dharr;, &amp;amp;downharpoonright;, &amp;amp;RightDownVector;',
[8643]='&amp;amp;dharl;, &amp;amp;downharpoonleft;, &amp;amp;LeftDownVector;',
[8644]='&amp;amp;RightArrowLeftArrow;, &amp;amp;rightleftarrows;, &amp;amp;rlarr;',
[8645]='&amp;amp;udarr;, &amp;amp;UpArrowDownArrow;',
[8646]='&amp;amp;LeftArrowRightArrow;, &amp;amp;leftrightarrows;, &amp;amp;lrarr;',
[8647]='&amp;amp;leftleftarrows;, &amp;amp;llarr;',
[8648]='&amp;amp;upuparrows;, &amp;amp;uuarr;',
[8649]='&amp;amp;rightrightarrows;, &amp;amp;rrarr;',
[8650]='&amp;amp;ddarr;, &amp;amp;downdownarrows;',
[8651]='&amp;amp;leftrightharpoons;, &amp;amp;lrhar;, &amp;amp;ReverseEquilibrium;',
[8652]='&amp;amp;Equilibrium;, &amp;amp;rightleftharpoons;, &amp;amp;rlhar;',
[8653]='&amp;amp;nlArr;, &amp;amp;nLeftarrow;',
[8654]='&amp;amp;nhArr;, &amp;amp;nLeftrightarrow;',
[8655]='&amp;amp;nrArr;, &amp;amp;nRightarrow;',
[8656]='&amp;amp;DoubleLeftArrow;, &amp;amp;lArr;, &amp;amp;Leftarrow;',
[8657]='&amp;amp;DoubleUpArrow;, &amp;amp;uArr;, &amp;amp;Uparrow;',
[8658]='&amp;amp;DoubleRightArrow;, &amp;amp;Implies;, &amp;amp;rArr;, &amp;amp;Rightarrow;',
[8659]='&amp;amp;dArr;, &amp;amp;DoubleDownArrow;, &amp;amp;Downarrow;',
[8660]='&amp;amp;DoubleLeftRightArrow;, &amp;amp;hArr;, &amp;amp;iff;, &amp;amp;Leftrightarrow;',
[8661]='&amp;amp;DoubleUpDownArrow;, &amp;amp;Updownarrow;, &amp;amp;vArr;',
[8662]='&amp;amp;nwArr;',
[8663]='&amp;amp;neArr;',
[8664]='&amp;amp;seArr;',
[8665]='&amp;amp;swArr;',
[8666]='&amp;amp;lAarr;, &amp;amp;Lleftarrow;',
[8667]='&amp;amp;rAarr;, &amp;amp;Rrightarrow;',
[8669]='&amp;amp;zigrarr;',
[8676]='&amp;amp;larrb;, &amp;amp;LeftArrowBar;',
[8677]='&amp;amp;rarrb;, &amp;amp;RightArrowBar;',
[8693]='&amp;amp;DownArrowUpArrow;, &amp;amp;duarr;',
[8701]='&amp;amp;loarr;',
[8702]='&amp;amp;roarr;',
[8703]='&amp;amp;hoarr;',
[8704]='&amp;amp;ForAll;, &amp;amp;forall;',
[8705]='&amp;amp;comp;, &amp;amp;complement;',
[8706]='&amp;amp;part;, &amp;amp;PartialD;',
[8707]='&amp;amp;exist;, &amp;amp;Exists;',
[8708]='&amp;amp;nexist;, &amp;amp;nexists;, &amp;amp;NotExists;',
[8709]='&amp;amp;empty;, &amp;amp;emptyset;, &amp;amp;emptyv;, &amp;amp;varnothing;',
[8711]='&amp;amp;Del;, &amp;amp;nabla;',
[8712]='&amp;amp;Element;, &amp;amp;in;, &amp;amp;isin;, &amp;amp;isinv;',
[8713]='&amp;amp;NotElement;, &amp;amp;notin;, &amp;amp;notinva;',
[8715]='&amp;amp;ni;, &amp;amp;niv;, &amp;amp;ReverseElement;, &amp;amp;SuchThat;',
[8716]='&amp;amp;notni;, &amp;amp;notniva;, &amp;amp;NotReverseElement;',
[8719]='&amp;amp;prod;, &amp;amp;Product;',
[8720]='&amp;amp;coprod;, &amp;amp;Coproduct;',
[8721]='&amp;amp;Sum;, &amp;amp;sum;',
[8722]='&amp;amp;minus;',
[8723]='&amp;amp;MinusPlus;, &amp;amp;mnplus;, &amp;amp;mp;',
[8724]='&amp;amp;dotplus;, &amp;amp;plusdo;',
[8726]='&amp;amp;Backslash;, &amp;amp;setminus;, &amp;amp;setmn;, &amp;amp;smallsetminus;, &amp;amp;ssetmn;',
[8727]='&amp;amp;lowast;',
[8728]='&amp;amp;compfn;, &amp;amp;SmallCircle;',
[8730]='&amp;amp;radic;, &amp;amp;Sqrt;',
[8733]='&amp;amp;prop;, &amp;amp;Proportional;, &amp;amp;propto;, &amp;amp;varpropto;, &amp;amp;vprop;',
[8734]='&amp;amp;infin;',
[8735]='&amp;amp;angrt;',
[8736]='&amp;amp;ang;, &amp;amp;angle;',
[8737]='&amp;amp;angmsd;, &amp;amp;measuredangle;',
[8738]='&amp;amp;angsph;',
[8739]='&amp;amp;mid;, &amp;amp;shortmid;, &amp;amp;smid;, &amp;amp;VerticalBar;',
[8740]='&amp;amp;nmid;, &amp;amp;NotVerticalBar;, &amp;amp;nshortmid;, &amp;amp;nsmid;',
[8741]='&amp;amp;DoubleVerticalBar;, &amp;amp;par;, &amp;amp;parallel;, &amp;amp;shortparallel;, &amp;amp;spar;',
[8742]='&amp;amp;NotDoubleVerticalBar;, &amp;amp;npar;, &amp;amp;nparallel;, &amp;amp;nshortparallel;, &amp;amp;nspar;',
[8743]='&amp;amp;and;, &amp;amp;wedge;',
[8744]='&amp;amp;or;, &amp;amp;vee;',
[8745]='&amp;amp;cap;',
[8746]='&amp;amp;cup;',
[8747]='&amp;amp;int;, &amp;amp;Integral;',
[8748]='&amp;amp;Int;',
[8749]='&amp;amp;iiint;, &amp;amp;tint;',
[8750]='&amp;amp;conint;, &amp;amp;ContourIntegral;, &amp;amp;oint;',
[8751]='&amp;amp;Conint;, &amp;amp;DoubleContourIntegral;',
[8752]='&amp;amp;Cconint;',
[8753]='&amp;amp;cwint;',
[8754]='&amp;amp;ClockwiseContourIntegral;, &amp;amp;cwconint;',
[8755]='&amp;amp;awconint;, &amp;amp;CounterClockwiseContourIntegral;',
[8756]='&amp;amp;there4;, &amp;amp;Therefore;, &amp;amp;therefore;',
[8757]='&amp;amp;becaus;, &amp;amp;Because;, &amp;amp;because;',
[8758]='&amp;amp;ratio;',
[8759]='&amp;amp;Colon;, &amp;amp;Proportion;',
[8760]='&amp;amp;dotminus;, &amp;amp;minusd;',
[8762]='&amp;amp;mDDot;',
[8763]='&amp;amp;homtht;',
[8764]='&amp;amp;sim;, &amp;amp;thicksim;, &amp;amp;thksim;, &amp;amp;Tilde;',
[8765]='&amp;amp;backsim;, &amp;amp;bsim;',
[8766]='&amp;amp;ac;, &amp;amp;mstpos;',
[8767]='&amp;amp;acd;',
[8768]='&amp;amp;VerticalTilde;, &amp;amp;wr;, &amp;amp;wreath;',
[8769]='&amp;amp;NotTilde;, &amp;amp;nsim;',
[8770]='&amp;amp;eqsim;, &amp;amp;EqualTilde;, &amp;amp;esim;',
[8771]='&amp;amp;sime;, &amp;amp;simeq;, &amp;amp;TildeEqual;',
[8772]='&amp;amp;NotTildeEqual;, &amp;amp;nsime;, &amp;amp;nsimeq;',
[8773]='&amp;amp;cong;, &amp;amp;TildeFullEqual;',
[8774]='&amp;amp;simne;',
[8775]='&amp;amp;ncong;, &amp;amp;NotTildeFullEqual;',
[8776]='&amp;amp;ap;, &amp;amp;approx;, &amp;amp;asymp;, &amp;amp;thickapprox;, &amp;amp;thkap;, &amp;amp;TildeTilde;',
[8777]='&amp;amp;nap;, &amp;amp;napprox;, &amp;amp;NotTildeTilde;',
[8778]='&amp;amp;ape;, &amp;amp;approxeq;',
[8779]='&amp;amp;apid;',
[8780]='&amp;amp;backcong;, &amp;amp;bcong;',
[8781]='&amp;amp;asympeq;, &amp;amp;CupCap;',
[8782]='&amp;amp;bump;, &amp;amp;Bumpeq;, &amp;amp;HumpDownHump;',
[8783]='&amp;amp;bumpe;, &amp;amp;bumpeq;, &amp;amp;HumpEqual;',
[8784]='&amp;amp;doteq;, &amp;amp;DotEqual;, &amp;amp;esdot;',
[8785]='&amp;amp;doteqdot;, &amp;amp;eDot;',
[8786]='&amp;amp;efDot;, &amp;amp;fallingdotseq;',
[8787]='&amp;amp;erDot;, &amp;amp;risingdotseq;',
[8788]='&amp;amp;Assign;, &amp;amp;colone;, &amp;amp;coloneq;',
[8789]='&amp;amp;ecolon;, &amp;amp;eqcolon;',
[8790]='&amp;amp;ecir;, &amp;amp;eqcirc;',
[8791]='&amp;amp;circeq;, &amp;amp;cire;',
[8793]='&amp;amp;wedgeq;',
[8794]='&amp;amp;veeeq;',
[8796]='&amp;amp;triangleq;, &amp;amp;trie;',
[8799]='&amp;amp;equest;, &amp;amp;questeq;',
[8800]='&amp;amp;ne;, &amp;amp;NotEqual;',
[8801]='&amp;amp;Congruent;, &amp;amp;equiv;',
[8802]='&amp;amp;nequiv;, &amp;amp;NotCongruent;',
[8804]='&amp;amp;le;, &amp;amp;leq;',
[8805]='&amp;amp;ge;, &amp;amp;geq;, &amp;amp;GreaterEqual;',
[8806]='&amp;amp;lE;, &amp;amp;leqq;, &amp;amp;LessFullEqual;',
[8807]='&amp;amp;gE;, &amp;amp;geqq;, &amp;amp;GreaterFullEqual;',
[8808]='&amp;amp;lnE;, &amp;amp;lneqq;',
[8809]='&amp;amp;gnE;, &amp;amp;gneqq;',
[8810]='&amp;amp;ll;, &amp;amp;Lt;, &amp;amp;NestedLessLess;',
[8811]='&amp;amp;gg;, &amp;amp;Gt;, &amp;amp;NestedGreaterGreater;',
[8812]='&amp;amp;between;, &amp;amp;twixt;',
[8813]='&amp;amp;NotCupCap;',
[8814]='&amp;amp;nless;, &amp;amp;nlt;, &amp;amp;NotLess;',
[8815]='&amp;amp;ngt;, &amp;amp;ngtr;, &amp;amp;NotGreater;',
[8816]='&amp;amp;nle;, &amp;amp;nleq;, &amp;amp;NotLessEqual;',
[8817]='&amp;amp;nge;, &amp;amp;ngeq;, &amp;amp;NotGreaterEqual;',
[8818]='&amp;amp;lesssim;, &amp;amp;LessTilde;, &amp;amp;lsim;',
[8819]='&amp;amp;GreaterTilde;, &amp;amp;gsim;, &amp;amp;gtrsim;',
[8820]='&amp;amp;nlsim;, &amp;amp;NotLessTilde;',
[8821]='&amp;amp;ngsim;, &amp;amp;NotGreaterTilde;',
[8822]='&amp;amp;LessGreater;, &amp;amp;lessgtr;, &amp;amp;lg;',
[8823]='&amp;amp;gl;, &amp;amp;GreaterLess;, &amp;amp;gtrless;',
[8824]='&amp;amp;NotLessGreater;, &amp;amp;ntlg;',
[8825]='&amp;amp;NotGreaterLess;, &amp;amp;ntgl;',
[8826]='&amp;amp;pr;, &amp;amp;prec;, &amp;amp;Precedes;',
[8827]='&amp;amp;sc;, &amp;amp;succ;, &amp;amp;Succeeds;',
[8828]='&amp;amp;prcue;, &amp;amp;preccurlyeq;, &amp;amp;PrecedesSlantEqual;',
[8829]='&amp;amp;sccue;, &amp;amp;succcurlyeq;, &amp;amp;SucceedsSlantEqual;',
[8830]='&amp;amp;PrecedesTilde;, &amp;amp;precsim;, &amp;amp;prsim;',
[8831]='&amp;amp;scsim;, &amp;amp;SucceedsTilde;, &amp;amp;succsim;',
[8832]='&amp;amp;NotPrecedes;, &amp;amp;npr;, &amp;amp;nprec;',
[8833]='&amp;amp;NotSucceeds;, &amp;amp;nsc;, &amp;amp;nsucc;',
[8834]='&amp;amp;sub;, &amp;amp;subset;',
[8835]='&amp;amp;sup;, &amp;amp;Superset;, &amp;amp;supset;',
[8836]='&amp;amp;nsub;',
[8837]='&amp;amp;nsup;',
[8838]='&amp;amp;sube;, &amp;amp;subseteq;, &amp;amp;SubsetEqual;',
[8839]='&amp;amp;supe;, &amp;amp;SupersetEqual;, &amp;amp;supseteq;',
[8840]='&amp;amp;NotSubsetEqual;, &amp;amp;nsube;, &amp;amp;nsubseteq;',
[8841]='&amp;amp;NotSupersetEqual;, &amp;amp;nsupe;, &amp;amp;nsupseteq;',
[8842]='&amp;amp;subne;, &amp;amp;subsetneq;',
[8843]='&amp;amp;supne;, &amp;amp;supsetneq;',
[8845]='&amp;amp;cupdot;',
[8846]='&amp;amp;UnionPlus;, &amp;amp;uplus;',
[8847]='&amp;amp;sqsub;, &amp;amp;sqsubset;, &amp;amp;SquareSubset;',
[8848]='&amp;amp;sqsup;, &amp;amp;sqsupset;, &amp;amp;SquareSuperset;',
[8849]='&amp;amp;sqsube;, &amp;amp;sqsubseteq;, &amp;amp;SquareSubsetEqual;',
[8850]='&amp;amp;sqsupe;, &amp;amp;sqsupseteq;, &amp;amp;SquareSupersetEqual;',
[8851]='&amp;amp;sqcap;, &amp;amp;SquareIntersection;',
[8852]='&amp;amp;sqcup;, &amp;amp;SquareUnion;',
[8853]='&amp;amp;CirclePlus;, &amp;amp;oplus;',
[8854]='&amp;amp;CircleMinus;, &amp;amp;ominus;',
[8855]='&amp;amp;CircleTimes;, &amp;amp;otimes;',
[8856]='&amp;amp;osol;',
[8857]='&amp;amp;CircleDot;, &amp;amp;odot;',
[8858]='&amp;amp;circledcirc;, &amp;amp;ocir;',
[8859]='&amp;amp;circledast;, &amp;amp;oast;',
[8861]='&amp;amp;circleddash;, &amp;amp;odash;',
[8862]='&amp;amp;boxplus;, &amp;amp;plusb;',
[8863]='&amp;amp;boxminus;, &amp;amp;minusb;',
[8864]='&amp;amp;boxtimes;, &amp;amp;timesb;',
[8865]='&amp;amp;dotsquare;, &amp;amp;sdotb;',
[8866]='&amp;amp;RightTee;, &amp;amp;vdash;',
[8867]='&amp;amp;dashv;, &amp;amp;LeftTee;',
[8868]='&amp;amp;DownTee;, &amp;amp;top;',
[8869]='&amp;amp;bot;, &amp;amp;bottom;, &amp;amp;perp;, &amp;amp;UpTee;',
[8871]='&amp;amp;models;',
[8872]='&amp;amp;DoubleRightTee;, &amp;amp;vDash;',
[8873]='&amp;amp;Vdash;',
[8874]='&amp;amp;Vvdash;',
[8875]='&amp;amp;VDash;',
[8876]='&amp;amp;nvdash;',
[8877]='&amp;amp;nvDash;',
[8878]='&amp;amp;nVdash;',
[8879]='&amp;amp;nVDash;',
[8880]='&amp;amp;prurel;',
[8882]='&amp;amp;LeftTriangle;, &amp;amp;vartriangleleft;, &amp;amp;vltri;',
[8883]='&amp;amp;RightTriangle;, &amp;amp;vartriangleright;, &amp;amp;vrtri;',
[8884]='&amp;amp;LeftTriangleEqual;, &amp;amp;ltrie;, &amp;amp;trianglelefteq;',
[8885]='&amp;amp;RightTriangleEqual;, &amp;amp;rtrie;, &amp;amp;trianglerighteq;',
[8886]='&amp;amp;origof;',
[8887]='&amp;amp;imof;',
[8888]='&amp;amp;multimap;, &amp;amp;mumap;',
[8889]='&amp;amp;hercon;',
[8890]='&amp;amp;intcal;, &amp;amp;intercal;',
[8891]='&amp;amp;veebar;',
[8893]='&amp;amp;barvee;',
[8894]='&amp;amp;angrtvb;',
[8895]='&amp;amp;lrtri;',
[8896]='&amp;amp;bigwedge;, &amp;amp;Wedge;, &amp;amp;xwedge;',
[8897]='&amp;amp;bigvee;, &amp;amp;Vee;, &amp;amp;xvee;',
[8898]='&amp;amp;bigcap;, &amp;amp;Intersection;, &amp;amp;xcap;',
[8899]='&amp;amp;bigcup;, &amp;amp;Union;, &amp;amp;xcup;',
[8900]='&amp;amp;diam;, &amp;amp;Diamond;, &amp;amp;diamond;',
[8901]='&amp;amp;sdot;',
[8902]='&amp;amp;sstarf;, &amp;amp;Star;',
[8903]='&amp;amp;divideontimes;, &amp;amp;divonx;',
[8904]='&amp;amp;bowtie;',
[8905]='&amp;amp;ltimes;',
[8906]='&amp;amp;rtimes;',
[8907]='&amp;amp;leftthreetimes;, &amp;amp;lthree;',
[8908]='&amp;amp;rightthreetimes;, &amp;amp;rthree;',
[8909]='&amp;amp;backsimeq;, &amp;amp;bsime;',
[8910]='&amp;amp;curlyvee;, &amp;amp;cuvee;',
[8911]='&amp;amp;curlywedge;, &amp;amp;cuwed;',
[8912]='&amp;amp;Sub;, &amp;amp;Subset;',
[8913]='&amp;amp;Sup;, &amp;amp;Supset;',
[8914]='&amp;amp;Cap;',
[8915]='&amp;amp;Cup;',
[8916]='&amp;amp;fork;, &amp;amp;pitchfork;',
[8917]='&amp;amp;epar;',
[8918]='&amp;amp;lessdot;, &amp;amp;ltdot;',
[8919]='&amp;amp;gtdot;, &amp;amp;gtrdot;',
[8920]='&amp;amp;Ll;',
[8921]='&amp;amp;Gg;, &amp;amp;ggg;',
[8922]='&amp;amp;leg;, &amp;amp;lesseqgtr;, &amp;amp;LessEqualGreater;',
[8923]='&amp;amp;gel;, &amp;amp;GreaterEqualLess;, &amp;amp;gtreqless;',
[8926]='&amp;amp;cuepr;, &amp;amp;curlyeqprec;',
[8927]='&amp;amp;cuesc;, &amp;amp;curlyeqsucc;',
[8928]='&amp;amp;NotPrecedesSlantEqual;, &amp;amp;nprcue;',
[8929]='&amp;amp;NotSucceedsSlantEqual;, &amp;amp;nsccue;',
[8930]='&amp;amp;NotSquareSubsetEqual;, &amp;amp;nsqsube;',
[8931]='&amp;amp;NotSquareSupersetEqual;, &amp;amp;nsqsupe;',
[8934]='&amp;amp;lnsim;',
[8935]='&amp;amp;gnsim;',
[8936]='&amp;amp;precnsim;, &amp;amp;prnsim;',
[8937]='&amp;amp;scnsim;, &amp;amp;succnsim;',
[8938]='&amp;amp;nltri;, &amp;amp;NotLeftTriangle;, &amp;amp;ntriangleleft;',
[8939]='&amp;amp;NotRightTriangle;, &amp;amp;nrtri;, &amp;amp;ntriangleright;',
[8940]='&amp;amp;nltrie;, &amp;amp;NotLeftTriangleEqual;, &amp;amp;ntrianglelefteq;',
[8941]='&amp;amp;NotRightTriangleEqual;, &amp;amp;nrtrie;, &amp;amp;ntrianglerighteq;',
[8942]='&amp;amp;vellip;',
[8943]='&amp;amp;ctdot;',
[8944]='&amp;amp;utdot;',
[8945]='&amp;amp;dtdot;',
[8946]='&amp;amp;disin;',
[8947]='&amp;amp;isinsv;',
[8948]='&amp;amp;isins;',
[8949]='&amp;amp;isindot;',
[8950]='&amp;amp;notinvc;',
[8951]='&amp;amp;notinvb;',
[8953]='&amp;amp;isinE;',
[8954]='&amp;amp;nisd;',
[8955]='&amp;amp;xnis;',
[8956]='&amp;amp;nis;',
[8957]='&amp;amp;notnivc;',
[8958]='&amp;amp;notnivb;',
[8965]='&amp;amp;barwed;, &amp;amp;barwedge;',
[8966]='&amp;amp;Barwed;, &amp;amp;doublebarwedge;',
[8968]='&amp;amp;lceil;, &amp;amp;LeftCeiling;',
[8969]='&amp;amp;rceil;, &amp;amp;RightCeiling;',
[8970]='&amp;amp;LeftFloor;, &amp;amp;lfloor;',
[8971]='&amp;amp;rfloor;, &amp;amp;RightFloor;',
[8972]='&amp;amp;drcrop;',
[8973]='&amp;amp;dlcrop;',
[8974]='&amp;amp;urcrop;',
[8975]='&amp;amp;ulcrop;',
[8976]='&amp;amp;bnot;',
[8978]='&amp;amp;profline;',
[8979]='&amp;amp;profsurf;',
[8981]='&amp;amp;telrec;',
[8982]='&amp;amp;target;',
[8988]='&amp;amp;ulcorn;, &amp;amp;ulcorner;',
[8989]='&amp;amp;urcorn;, &amp;amp;urcorner;',
[8990]='&amp;amp;dlcorn;, &amp;amp;llcorner;',
[8991]='&amp;amp;drcorn;, &amp;amp;lrcorner;',
[8994]='&amp;amp;frown;, &amp;amp;sfrown;',
[8995]='&amp;amp;smile;, &amp;amp;ssmile;',
[9005]='&amp;amp;cylcty;',
[9006]='&amp;amp;profalar;',
[9014]='&amp;amp;topbot;',
[9021]='&amp;amp;ovbar;',
[9023]='&amp;amp;solbar;',
[9084]='&amp;amp;angzarr;',
[9136]='&amp;amp;lmoust;, &amp;amp;lmoustache;',
[9137]='&amp;amp;rmoust;, &amp;amp;rmoustache;',
[9140]='&amp;amp;OverBracket;, &amp;amp;tbrk;',
[9141]='&amp;amp;bbrk;, &amp;amp;UnderBracket;',
[9142]='&amp;amp;bbrktbrk;',
[9180]='&amp;amp;OverParenthesis;',
[9181]='&amp;amp;UnderParenthesis;',
[9182]='&amp;amp;OverBrace;',
[9183]='&amp;amp;UnderBrace;',
[9186]='&amp;amp;trpezium;',
[9191]='&amp;amp;elinters;',
[9251]='&amp;amp;blank;',
[9416]='&amp;amp;circledS;, &amp;amp;oS;',
[9472]='&amp;amp;boxh;, &amp;amp;HorizontalLine;',
[9474]='&amp;amp;boxv;',
[9484]='&amp;amp;boxdr;',
[9488]='&amp;amp;boxdl;',
[9492]='&amp;amp;boxur;',
[9496]='&amp;amp;boxul;',
[9500]='&amp;amp;boxvr;',
[9508]='&amp;amp;boxvl;',
[9516]='&amp;amp;boxhd;',
[9524]='&amp;amp;boxhu;',
[9532]='&amp;amp;boxvh;',
[9552]='&amp;amp;boxH;',
[9553]='&amp;amp;boxV;',
[9554]='&amp;amp;boxdR;',
[9555]='&amp;amp;boxDr;',
[9556]='&amp;amp;boxDR;',
[9557]='&amp;amp;boxdL;',
[9558]='&amp;amp;boxDl;',
[9559]='&amp;amp;boxDL;',
[9560]='&amp;amp;boxuR;',
[9561]='&amp;amp;boxUr;',
[9562]='&amp;amp;boxUR;',
[9563]='&amp;amp;boxuL;',
[9564]='&amp;amp;boxUl;',
[9565]='&amp;amp;boxUL;',
[9566]='&amp;amp;boxvR;',
[9567]='&amp;amp;boxVr;',
[9568]='&amp;amp;boxVR;',
[9569]='&amp;amp;boxvL;',
[9570]='&amp;amp;boxVl;',
[9571]='&amp;amp;boxVL;',
[9572]='&amp;amp;boxHd;',
[9573]='&amp;amp;boxhD;',
[9574]='&amp;amp;boxHD;',
[9575]='&amp;amp;boxHu;',
[9576]='&amp;amp;boxhU;',
[9577]='&amp;amp;boxHU;',
[9578]='&amp;amp;boxvH;',
[9579]='&amp;amp;boxVh;',
[9580]='&amp;amp;boxVH;',
[9600]='&amp;amp;uhblk;',
[9604]='&amp;amp;lhblk;',
[9608]='&amp;amp;block;',
[9617]='&amp;amp;blk14;',
[9618]='&amp;amp;blk12;',
[9619]='&amp;amp;blk34;',
[9633]='&amp;amp;squ;, &amp;amp;Square;, &amp;amp;square;',
[9642]='&amp;amp;blacksquare;, &amp;amp;FilledVerySmallSquare;, &amp;amp;squarf;, &amp;amp;squf;',
[9643]='&amp;amp;EmptyVerySmallSquare;',
[9645]='&amp;amp;rect;',
[9646]='&amp;amp;marker;',
[9649]='&amp;amp;fltns;',
[9651]='&amp;amp;bigtriangleup;, &amp;amp;xutri;',
[9652]='&amp;amp;blacktriangle;, &amp;amp;utrif;',
[9653]='&amp;amp;triangle;, &amp;amp;utri;',
[9656]='&amp;amp;blacktriangleright;, &amp;amp;rtrif;',
[9657]='&amp;amp;rtri;, &amp;amp;triangleright;',
[9661]='&amp;amp;bigtriangledown;, &amp;amp;xdtri;',
[9662]='&amp;amp;blacktriangledown;, &amp;amp;dtrif;',
[9663]='&amp;amp;dtri;, &amp;amp;triangledown;',
[9666]='&amp;amp;blacktriangleleft;, &amp;amp;ltrif;',
[9667]='&amp;amp;ltri;, &amp;amp;triangleleft;',
[9674]='&amp;amp;loz;, &amp;amp;lozenge;',
[9675]='&amp;amp;cir;',
[9708]='&amp;amp;tridot;',
[9711]='&amp;amp;bigcirc;, &amp;amp;xcirc;',
[9720]='&amp;amp;ultri;',
[9721]='&amp;amp;urtri;',
[9722]='&amp;amp;lltri;',
[9723]='&amp;amp;EmptySmallSquare;',
[9724]='&amp;amp;FilledSmallSquare;',
[9733]='&amp;amp;bigstar;, &amp;amp;starf;',
[9734]='&amp;amp;star;',
[9742]='&amp;amp;phone;',
[9792]='&amp;amp;female;',
[9794]='&amp;amp;male;',
[9824]='&amp;amp;spades;, &amp;amp;spadesuit;',
[9827]='&amp;amp;clubs;, &amp;amp;clubsuit;',
[9829]='&amp;amp;hearts;, &amp;amp;heartsuit;',
[9830]='&amp;amp;diamondsuit;, &amp;amp;diams;',
[9834]='&amp;amp;sung;',
[9837]='&amp;amp;flat;',
[9838]='&amp;amp;natur;, &amp;amp;natural;',
[9839]='&amp;amp;sharp;',
[10003]='&amp;amp;check;, &amp;amp;checkmark;',
[10007]='&amp;amp;cross;',
[10016]='&amp;amp;malt;, &amp;amp;maltese;',
[10038]='&amp;amp;sext;',
[10072]='&amp;amp;VerticalSeparator;',
[10098]='&amp;amp;lbbrk;',
[10099]='&amp;amp;rbbrk;',
[10184]='&amp;amp;bsolhsub;',
[10185]='&amp;amp;suphsol;',
[10214]='&amp;amp;LeftDoubleBracket;, &amp;amp;lobrk;',
[10215]='&amp;amp;RightDoubleBracket;, &amp;amp;robrk;',
[10216]='&amp;amp;lang;, &amp;amp;langle;, &amp;amp;LeftAngleBracket;',
[10217]='&amp;amp;rang;, &amp;amp;rangle;, &amp;amp;RightAngleBracket;',
[10218]='&amp;amp;Lang;',
[10219]='&amp;amp;Rang;',
[10220]='&amp;amp;loang;',
[10221]='&amp;amp;roang;',
[10229]='&amp;amp;LongLeftArrow;, &amp;amp;longleftarrow;, &amp;amp;xlarr;',
[10230]='&amp;amp;LongRightArrow;, &amp;amp;longrightarrow;, &amp;amp;xrarr;',
[10231]='&amp;amp;LongLeftRightArrow;, &amp;amp;longleftrightarrow;, &amp;amp;xharr;',
[10232]='&amp;amp;DoubleLongLeftArrow;, &amp;amp;Longleftarrow;, &amp;amp;xlArr;',
[10233]='&amp;amp;DoubleLongRightArrow;, &amp;amp;Longrightarrow;, &amp;amp;xrArr;',
[10234]='&amp;amp;DoubleLongLeftRightArrow;, &amp;amp;Longleftrightarrow;, &amp;amp;xhArr;',
[10236]='&amp;amp;longmapsto;, &amp;amp;xmap;',
[10239]='&amp;amp;dzigrarr;',
[10498]='&amp;amp;nvlArr;',
[10499]='&amp;amp;nvrArr;',
[10500]='&amp;amp;nvHarr;',
[10501]='&amp;amp;Map;',
[10508]='&amp;amp;lbarr;',
[10509]='&amp;amp;bkarow;, &amp;amp;rbarr;',
[10510]='&amp;amp;lBarr;',
[10511]='&amp;amp;dbkarow;, &amp;amp;rBarr;',
[10512]='&amp;amp;drbkarow;, &amp;amp;RBarr;',
[10513]='&amp;amp;DDotrahd;',
[10514]='&amp;amp;UpArrowBar;',
[10515]='&amp;amp;DownArrowBar;',
[10518]='&amp;amp;Rarrtl;',
[10521]='&amp;amp;latail;',
[10522]='&amp;amp;ratail;',
[10523]='&amp;amp;lAtail;',
[10524]='&amp;amp;rAtail;',
[10525]='&amp;amp;larrfs;',
[10526]='&amp;amp;rarrfs;',
[10527]='&amp;amp;larrbfs;',
[10528]='&amp;amp;rarrbfs;',
[10531]='&amp;amp;nwarhk;',
[10532]='&amp;amp;nearhk;',
[10533]='&amp;amp;hksearow;, &amp;amp;searhk;',
[10534]='&amp;amp;hkswarow;, &amp;amp;swarhk;',
[10535]='&amp;amp;nwnear;',
[10536]='&amp;amp;nesear;, &amp;amp;toea;',
[10537]='&amp;amp;seswar;, &amp;amp;tosa;',
[10538]='&amp;amp;swnwar;',
[10547]='&amp;amp;rarrc;',
[10549]='&amp;amp;cudarrr;',
[10550]='&amp;amp;ldca;',
[10551]='&amp;amp;rdca;',
[10552]='&amp;amp;cudarrl;',
[10553]='&amp;amp;larrpl;',
[10556]='&amp;amp;curarrm;',
[10557]='&amp;amp;cularrp;',
[10565]='&amp;amp;rarrpl;',
[10568]='&amp;amp;harrcir;',
[10569]='&amp;amp;Uarrocir;',
[10570]='&amp;amp;lurdshar;',
[10571]='&amp;amp;ldrushar;',
[10574]='&amp;amp;LeftRightVector;',
[10575]='&amp;amp;RightUpDownVector;',
[10576]='&amp;amp;DownLeftRightVector;',
[10577]='&amp;amp;LeftUpDownVector;',
[10578]='&amp;amp;LeftVectorBar;',
[10579]='&amp;amp;RightVectorBar;',
[10580]='&amp;amp;RightUpVectorBar;',
[10581]='&amp;amp;RightDownVectorBar;',
[10582]='&amp;amp;DownLeftVectorBar;',
[10583]='&amp;amp;DownRightVectorBar;',
[10584]='&amp;amp;LeftUpVectorBar;',
[10585]='&amp;amp;LeftDownVectorBar;',
[10586]='&amp;amp;LeftTeeVector;',
[10587]='&amp;amp;RightTeeVector;',
[10588]='&amp;amp;RightUpTeeVector;',
[10589]='&amp;amp;RightDownTeeVector;',
[10590]='&amp;amp;DownLeftTeeVector;',
[10591]='&amp;amp;DownRightTeeVector;',
[10592]='&amp;amp;LeftUpTeeVector;',
[10593]='&amp;amp;LeftDownTeeVector;',
[10594]='&amp;amp;lHar;',
[10595]='&amp;amp;uHar;',
[10596]='&amp;amp;rHar;',
[10597]='&amp;amp;dHar;',
[10598]='&amp;amp;luruhar;',
[10599]='&amp;amp;ldrdhar;',
[10600]='&amp;amp;ruluhar;',
[10601]='&amp;amp;rdldhar;',
[10602]='&amp;amp;lharul;',
[10603]='&amp;amp;llhard;',
[10604]='&amp;amp;rharul;',
[10605]='&amp;amp;lrhard;',
[10606]='&amp;amp;udhar;, &amp;amp;UpEquilibrium;',
[10607]='&amp;amp;duhar;, &amp;amp;ReverseUpEquilibrium;',
[10608]='&amp;amp;RoundImplies;',
[10609]='&amp;amp;erarr;',
[10610]='&amp;amp;simrarr;',
[10611]='&amp;amp;larrsim;',
[10612]='&amp;amp;rarrsim;',
[10613]='&amp;amp;rarrap;',
[10614]='&amp;amp;ltlarr;',
[10616]='&amp;amp;gtrarr;',
[10617]='&amp;amp;subrarr;',
[10619]='&amp;amp;suplarr;',
[10620]='&amp;amp;lfisht;',
[10621]='&amp;amp;rfisht;',
[10622]='&amp;amp;ufisht;',
[10623]='&amp;amp;dfisht;',
[10629]='&amp;amp;lopar;',
[10630]='&amp;amp;ropar;',
[10635]='&amp;amp;lbrke;',
[10636]='&amp;amp;rbrke;',
[10637]='&amp;amp;lbrkslu;',
[10638]='&amp;amp;rbrksld;',
[10639]='&amp;amp;lbrksld;',
[10640]='&amp;amp;rbrkslu;',
[10641]='&amp;amp;langd;',
[10642]='&amp;amp;rangd;',
[10643]='&amp;amp;lparlt;',
[10644]='&amp;amp;rpargt;',
[10645]='&amp;amp;gtlPar;',
[10646]='&amp;amp;ltrPar;',
[10650]='&amp;amp;vzigzag;',
[10652]='&amp;amp;vangrt;',
[10653]='&amp;amp;angrtvbd;',
[10660]='&amp;amp;ange;',
[10661]='&amp;amp;range;',
[10662]='&amp;amp;dwangle;',
[10663]='&amp;amp;uwangle;',
[10664]='&amp;amp;angmsdaa;',
[10665]='&amp;amp;angmsdab;',
[10666]='&amp;amp;angmsdac;',
[10667]='&amp;amp;angmsdad;',
[10668]='&amp;amp;angmsdae;',
[10669]='&amp;amp;angmsdaf;',
[10670]='&amp;amp;angmsdag;',
[10671]='&amp;amp;angmsdah;',
[10672]='&amp;amp;bemptyv;',
[10673]='&amp;amp;demptyv;',
[10674]='&amp;amp;cemptyv;',
[10675]='&amp;amp;raemptyv;',
[10676]='&amp;amp;laemptyv;',
[10677]='&amp;amp;ohbar;',
[10678]='&amp;amp;omid;',
[10679]='&amp;amp;opar;',
[10681]='&amp;amp;operp;',
[10683]='&amp;amp;olcross;',
[10684]='&amp;amp;odsold;',
[10686]='&amp;amp;olcir;',
[10687]='&amp;amp;ofcir;',
[10688]='&amp;amp;olt;',
[10689]='&amp;amp;ogt;',
[10690]='&amp;amp;cirscir;',
[10691]='&amp;amp;cirE;',
[10692]='&amp;amp;solb;',
[10693]='&amp;amp;bsolb;',
[10697]='&amp;amp;boxbox;',
[10701]='&amp;amp;trisb;',
[10702]='&amp;amp;rtriltri;',
[10703]='&amp;amp;LeftTriangleBar;',
[10704]='&amp;amp;RightTriangleBar;',
[10716]='&amp;amp;iinfin;',
[10717]='&amp;amp;infintie;',
[10718]='&amp;amp;nvinfin;',
[10723]='&amp;amp;eparsl;',
[10724]='&amp;amp;smeparsl;',
[10725]='&amp;amp;eqvparsl;',
[10731]='&amp;amp;blacklozenge;, &amp;amp;lozf;',
[10740]='&amp;amp;RuleDelayed;',
[10742]='&amp;amp;dsol;',
[10752]='&amp;amp;bigodot;, &amp;amp;xodot;',
[10753]='&amp;amp;bigoplus;, &amp;amp;xoplus;',
[10754]='&amp;amp;bigotimes;, &amp;amp;xotime;',
[10756]='&amp;amp;biguplus;, &amp;amp;xuplus;',
[10758]='&amp;amp;bigsqcup;, &amp;amp;xsqcup;',
[10764]='&amp;amp;iiiint;, &amp;amp;qint;',
[10765]='&amp;amp;fpartint;',
[10768]='&amp;amp;cirfnint;',
[10769]='&amp;amp;awint;',
[10770]='&amp;amp;rppolint;',
[10771]='&amp;amp;scpolint;',
[10772]='&amp;amp;npolint;',
[10773]='&amp;amp;pointint;',
[10774]='&amp;amp;quatint;',
[10775]='&amp;amp;intlarhk;',
[10786]='&amp;amp;pluscir;',
[10787]='&amp;amp;plusacir;',
[10788]='&amp;amp;simplus;',
[10789]='&amp;amp;plusdu;',
[10790]='&amp;amp;plussim;',
[10791]='&amp;amp;plustwo;',
[10793]='&amp;amp;mcomma;',
[10794]='&amp;amp;minusdu;',
[10797]='&amp;amp;loplus;',
[10798]='&amp;amp;roplus;',
[10799]='&amp;amp;Cross;',
[10800]='&amp;amp;timesd;',
[10801]='&amp;amp;timesbar;',
[10803]='&amp;amp;smashp;',
[10804]='&amp;amp;lotimes;',
[10805]='&amp;amp;rotimes;',
[10806]='&amp;amp;otimesas;',
[10807]='&amp;amp;Otimes;',
[10808]='&amp;amp;odiv;',
[10809]='&amp;amp;triplus;',
[10810]='&amp;amp;triminus;',
[10811]='&amp;amp;tritime;',
[10812]='&amp;amp;intprod;, &amp;amp;iprod;',
[10815]='&amp;amp;amalg;',
[10816]='&amp;amp;capdot;',
[10818]='&amp;amp;ncup;',
[10819]='&amp;amp;ncap;',
[10820]='&amp;amp;capand;',
[10821]='&amp;amp;cupor;',
[10822]='&amp;amp;cupcap;',
[10823]='&amp;amp;capcup;',
[10824]='&amp;amp;cupbrcap;',
[10825]='&amp;amp;capbrcup;',
[10826]='&amp;amp;cupcup;',
[10827]='&amp;amp;capcap;',
[10828]='&amp;amp;ccups;',
[10829]='&amp;amp;ccaps;',
[10832]='&amp;amp;ccupssm;',
[10835]='&amp;amp;And;',
[10836]='&amp;amp;Or;',
[10837]='&amp;amp;andand;',
[10838]='&amp;amp;oror;',
[10839]='&amp;amp;orslope;',
[10840]='&amp;amp;andslope;',
[10842]='&amp;amp;andv;',
[10843]='&amp;amp;orv;',
[10844]='&amp;amp;andd;',
[10845]='&amp;amp;ord;',
[10847]='&amp;amp;wedbar;',
[10854]='&amp;amp;sdote;',
[10858]='&amp;amp;simdot;',
[10861]='&amp;amp;congdot;',
[10862]='&amp;amp;easter;',
[10863]='&amp;amp;apacir;',
[10864]='&amp;amp;apE;',
[10865]='&amp;amp;eplus;',
[10866]='&amp;amp;pluse;',
[10867]='&amp;amp;Esim;',
[10868]='&amp;amp;Colone;',
[10869]='&amp;amp;Equal;',
[10871]='&amp;amp;ddotseq;, &amp;amp;eDDot;',
[10872]='&amp;amp;equivDD;',
[10873]='&amp;amp;ltcir;',
[10874]='&amp;amp;gtcir;',
[10875]='&amp;amp;ltquest;',
[10876]='&amp;amp;gtquest;',
[10877]='&amp;amp;leqslant;, &amp;amp;les;, &amp;amp;LessSlantEqual;',
[10878]='&amp;amp;geqslant;, &amp;amp;ges;, &amp;amp;GreaterSlantEqual;',
[10879]='&amp;amp;lesdot;',
[10880]='&amp;amp;gesdot;',
[10881]='&amp;amp;lesdoto;',
[10882]='&amp;amp;gesdoto;',
[10883]='&amp;amp;lesdotor;',
[10884]='&amp;amp;gesdotol;',
[10885]='&amp;amp;lap;, &amp;amp;lessapprox;',
[10886]='&amp;amp;gap;, &amp;amp;gtrapprox;',
[10887]='&amp;amp;lne;, &amp;amp;lneq;',
[10888]='&amp;amp;gne;, &amp;amp;gneq;',
[10889]='&amp;amp;lnap;, &amp;amp;lnapprox;',
[10890]='&amp;amp;gnap;, &amp;amp;gnapprox;',
[10891]='&amp;amp;lEg;, &amp;amp;lesseqqgtr;',
[10892]='&amp;amp;gEl;, &amp;amp;gtreqqless;',
[10893]='&amp;amp;lsime;',
[10894]='&amp;amp;gsime;',
[10895]='&amp;amp;lsimg;',
[10896]='&amp;amp;gsiml;',
[10897]='&amp;amp;lgE;',
[10898]='&amp;amp;glE;',
[10899]='&amp;amp;lesges;',
[10900]='&amp;amp;gesles;',
[10901]='&amp;amp;els;, &amp;amp;eqslantless;',
[10902]='&amp;amp;egs;, &amp;amp;eqslantgtr;',
[10903]='&amp;amp;elsdot;',
[10904]='&amp;amp;egsdot;',
[10905]='&amp;amp;el;',
[10906]='&amp;amp;eg;',
[10909]='&amp;amp;siml;',
[10910]='&amp;amp;simg;',
[10911]='&amp;amp;simlE;',
[10912]='&amp;amp;simgE;',
[10913]='&amp;amp;LessLess;',
[10914]='&amp;amp;GreaterGreater;',
[10916]='&amp;amp;glj;',
[10917]='&amp;amp;gla;',
[10918]='&amp;amp;ltcc;',
[10919]='&amp;amp;gtcc;',
[10920]='&amp;amp;lescc;',
[10921]='&amp;amp;gescc;',
[10922]='&amp;amp;smt;',
[10923]='&amp;amp;lat;',
[10924]='&amp;amp;smte;',
[10925]='&amp;amp;late;',
[10926]='&amp;amp;bumpE;',
[10927]='&amp;amp;pre;, &amp;amp;PrecedesEqual;, &amp;amp;preceq;',
[10928]='&amp;amp;sce;, &amp;amp;SucceedsEqual;, &amp;amp;succeq;',
[10931]='&amp;amp;prE;',
[10932]='&amp;amp;scE;',
[10933]='&amp;amp;precneqq;, &amp;amp;prnE;',
[10934]='&amp;amp;scnE;, &amp;amp;succneqq;',
[10935]='&amp;amp;prap;, &amp;amp;precapprox;',
[10936]='&amp;amp;scap;, &amp;amp;succapprox;',
[10937]='&amp;amp;precnapprox;, &amp;amp;prnap;',
[10938]='&amp;amp;scnap;, &amp;amp;succnapprox;',
[10939]='&amp;amp;Pr;',
[10940]='&amp;amp;Sc;',
[10941]='&amp;amp;subdot;',
[10942]='&amp;amp;supdot;',
[10943]='&amp;amp;subplus;',
[10944]='&amp;amp;supplus;',
[10945]='&amp;amp;submult;',
[10946]='&amp;amp;supmult;',
[10947]='&amp;amp;subedot;',
[10948]='&amp;amp;supedot;',
[10949]='&amp;amp;subE;, &amp;amp;subseteqq;',
[10950]='&amp;amp;supE;, &amp;amp;supseteqq;',
[10951]='&amp;amp;subsim;',
[10952]='&amp;amp;supsim;',
[10955]='&amp;amp;subnE;, &amp;amp;subsetneqq;',
[10956]='&amp;amp;supnE;, &amp;amp;supsetneqq;',
[10959]='&amp;amp;csub;',
[10960]='&amp;amp;csup;',
[10961]='&amp;amp;csube;',
[10962]='&amp;amp;csupe;',
[10963]='&amp;amp;subsup;',
[10964]='&amp;amp;supsub;',
[10965]='&amp;amp;subsub;',
[10966]='&amp;amp;supsup;',
[10967]='&amp;amp;suphsub;',
[10968]='&amp;amp;supdsub;',
[10969]='&amp;amp;forkv;',
[10970]='&amp;amp;topfork;',
[10971]='&amp;amp;mlcp;',
[10980]='&amp;amp;Dashv;, &amp;amp;DoubleLeftTee;',
[10982]='&amp;amp;Vdashl;',
[10983]='&amp;amp;Barv;',
[10984]='&amp;amp;vBar;',
[10985]='&amp;amp;vBarv;',
[10987]='&amp;amp;Vbar;',
[10988]='&amp;amp;Not;',
[10989]='&amp;amp;bNot;',
[10990]='&amp;amp;rnmid;',
[10991]='&amp;amp;cirmid;',
[10992]='&amp;amp;midcir;',
[10993]='&amp;amp;topcir;',
[10994]='&amp;amp;nhpar;',
[10995]='&amp;amp;parsim;',
[11005]='&amp;amp;parsl;',
[64256]='&amp;amp;fflig;',
[64257]='&amp;amp;filig;',
[64258]='&amp;amp;fllig;',
[64259]='&amp;amp;ffilig;',
[64260]='&amp;amp;ffllig;',
[119964]='&amp;amp;Ascr;',
[119966]='&amp;amp;Cscr;',
[119967]='&amp;amp;Dscr;',
[119970]='&amp;amp;Gscr;',
[119973]='&amp;amp;Jscr;',
[119974]='&amp;amp;Kscr;',
[119977]='&amp;amp;Nscr;',
[119978]='&amp;amp;Oscr;',
[119979]='&amp;amp;Pscr;',
[119980]='&amp;amp;Qscr;',
[119982]='&amp;amp;Sscr;',
[119983]='&amp;amp;Tscr;',
[119984]='&amp;amp;Uscr;',
[119985]='&amp;amp;Vscr;',
[119986]='&amp;amp;Wscr;',
[119987]='&amp;amp;Xscr;',
[119988]='&amp;amp;Yscr;',
[119989]='&amp;amp;Zscr;',
[119990]='&amp;amp;ascr;',
[119991]='&amp;amp;bscr;',
[119992]='&amp;amp;cscr;',
[119993]='&amp;amp;dscr;',
[119995]='&amp;amp;fscr;',
[119997]='&amp;amp;hscr;',
[119998]='&amp;amp;iscr;',
[119999]='&amp;amp;jscr;',
[120000]='&amp;amp;kscr;',
[120001]='&amp;amp;lscr;',
[120002]='&amp;amp;mscr;',
[120003]='&amp;amp;nscr;',
[120005]='&amp;amp;pscr;',
[120006]='&amp;amp;qscr;',
[120007]='&amp;amp;rscr;',
[120008]='&amp;amp;sscr;',
[120009]='&amp;amp;tscr;',
[120010]='&amp;amp;uscr;',
[120011]='&amp;amp;vscr;',
[120012]='&amp;amp;wscr;',
[120013]='&amp;amp;xscr;',
[120014]='&amp;amp;yscr;',
[120015]='&amp;amp;zscr;',
[120068]='&amp;amp;Afr;',
[120069]='&amp;amp;Bfr;',
[120071]='&amp;amp;Dfr;',
[120072]='&amp;amp;Efr;',
[120073]='&amp;amp;Ffr;',
[120074]='&amp;amp;Gfr;',
[120077]='&amp;amp;Jfr;',
[120078]='&amp;amp;Kfr;',
[120079]='&amp;amp;Lfr;',
[120080]='&amp;amp;Mfr;',
[120081]='&amp;amp;Nfr;',
[120082]='&amp;amp;Ofr;',
[120083]='&amp;amp;Pfr;',
[120084]='&amp;amp;Qfr;',
[120086]='&amp;amp;Sfr;',
[120087]='&amp;amp;Tfr;',
[120088]='&amp;amp;Ufr;',
[120089]='&amp;amp;Vfr;',
[120090]='&amp;amp;Wfr;',
[120091]='&amp;amp;Xfr;',
[120092]='&amp;amp;Yfr;',
[120094]='&amp;amp;afr;',
[120095]='&amp;amp;bfr;',
[120096]='&amp;amp;cfr;',
[120097]='&amp;amp;dfr;',
[120098]='&amp;amp;efr;',
[120099]='&amp;amp;ffr;',
[120100]='&amp;amp;gfr;',
[120101]='&amp;amp;hfr;',
[120102]='&amp;amp;ifr;',
[120103]='&amp;amp;jfr;',
[120104]='&amp;amp;kfr;',
[120105]='&amp;amp;lfr;',
[120106]='&amp;amp;mfr;',
[120107]='&amp;amp;nfr;',
[120108]='&amp;amp;ofr;',
[120109]='&amp;amp;pfr;',
[120110]='&amp;amp;qfr;',
[120111]='&amp;amp;rfr;',
[120112]='&amp;amp;sfr;',
[120113]='&amp;amp;tfr;',
[120114]='&amp;amp;ufr;',
[120115]='&amp;amp;vfr;',
[120116]='&amp;amp;wfr;',
[120117]='&amp;amp;xfr;',
[120118]='&amp;amp;yfr;',
[120119]='&amp;amp;zfr;',
[120120]='&amp;amp;Aopf;',
[120121]='&amp;amp;Bopf;',
[120123]='&amp;amp;Dopf;',
[120124]='&amp;amp;Eopf;',
[120125]='&amp;amp;Fopf;',
[120126]='&amp;amp;Gopf;',
[120128]='&amp;amp;Iopf;',
[120129]='&amp;amp;Jopf;',
[120130]='&amp;amp;Kopf;',
[120131]='&amp;amp;Lopf;',
[120132]='&amp;amp;Mopf;',
[120134]='&amp;amp;Oopf;',
[120138]='&amp;amp;Sopf;',
[120139]='&amp;amp;Topf;',
[120140]='&amp;amp;Uopf;',
[120141]='&amp;amp;Vopf;',
[120142]='&amp;amp;Wopf;',
[120143]='&amp;amp;Xopf;',
[120144]='&amp;amp;Yopf;',
[120146]='&amp;amp;aopf;',
[120147]='&amp;amp;bopf;',
[120148]='&amp;amp;copf;',
[120149]='&amp;amp;dopf;',
[120150]='&amp;amp;eopf;',
[120151]='&amp;amp;fopf;',
[120152]='&amp;amp;gopf;',
[120153]='&amp;amp;hopf;',
[120154]='&amp;amp;iopf;',
[120155]='&amp;amp;jopf;',
[120156]='&amp;amp;kopf;',
[120157]='&amp;amp;lopf;',
[120158]='&amp;amp;mopf;',
[120159]='&amp;amp;nopf;',
[120160]='&amp;amp;oopf;',
[120161]='&amp;amp;popf;',
[120162]='&amp;amp;qopf;',
[120163]='&amp;amp;ropf;',
[120164]='&amp;amp;sopf;',
[120165]='&amp;amp;topf;',
[120166]='&amp;amp;uopf;',
[120167]='&amp;amp;vopf;',
[120168]='&amp;amp;wopf;',
[120169]='&amp;amp;xopf;',
[120170]='&amp;amp;yopf;',
[120171]='&amp;amp;zopf;'}</text>
      <sha1>o229krhmwd41nhyxsbzj04tnlqlv02n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:No redirect</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69780</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339280</id>
      <timestamp>2025-11-25T21:47:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;GTrang</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Used FULLPAGENAME again to fix the &quot;Multi colon escape&quot; lint error.</comment>
      <origin>339280</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="358" sha1="5pw8ky320dln3bgzenyzuppz9t6twll" xml:space="preserve">{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;#if: {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;#invoke:Redirect|isRedirect|{{{1}}}}}
| &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;fullurl:{{{1}}}|redirect=no}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display: none&quot;&gt;[[:{{{1}}}]]&lt;/span&gt;
| [[:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;FULLPAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]]
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5pw8ky320dln3bgzenyzuppz9t6twll</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339281</id>
      <parentid>339280</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:No_redirect]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339280</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="358" sha1="5pw8ky320dln3bgzenyzuppz9t6twll" xml:space="preserve">{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;#if: {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;#invoke:Redirect|isRedirect|{{{1}}}}}
| &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;fullurl:{{{1}}}|redirect=no}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display: none&quot;&gt;[[:{{{1}}}]]&lt;/span&gt;
| [[:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude/&gt;FULLPAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]]
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5pw8ky320dln3bgzenyzuppz9t6twll</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Dagger</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69781</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339288</id>
      <timestamp>2024-07-05T01:13:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;SilverLocust</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Merging superscript version from [[Template:Dag]] per edit request for [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 June 6#Template:Dag]]. Written as {{dagger|sup=yes}}.</comment>
      <origin>339288</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="86" sha1="co7uhnkugmqbrpo9wazs6ek9nuxp544" xml:space="preserve">{{yesno|{{{sup|}}}|yes=&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;|no=†}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>co7uhnkugmqbrpo9wazs6ek9nuxp544</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339289</id>
      <parentid>339288</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Dagger]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339288</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="86" sha1="co7uhnkugmqbrpo9wazs6ek9nuxp544" xml:space="preserve">{{yesno|{{{sup|}}}|yes=&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;|no=†}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>co7uhnkugmqbrpo9wazs6ek9nuxp544</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Asterisk</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69782</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339290</id>
      <timestamp>2025-03-17T18:00:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;MusikBot II</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Changed protection settings for &quot;[[Template:Asterisk]]&quot;: [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]]: 2500 transclusions ([[User:MusikBot II/TemplateProtector|more info]]) ([Edit=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite) [Move=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>339290</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="130" sha1="a7ti4kr4gig1w34e9wxcjmz7teoh9q3" xml:space="preserve">&amp;#42;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a7ti4kr4gig1w34e9wxcjmz7teoh9q3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339291</id>
      <parentid>339290</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Asterisk]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339290</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="130" sha1="a7ti4kr4gig1w34e9wxcjmz7teoh9q3" xml:space="preserve">&amp;#42;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a7ti4kr4gig1w34e9wxcjmz7teoh9q3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unichar</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69783</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339292</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T09:47:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Warudo</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Made default size check match the original intent.</comment>
      <origin>339292</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1362" sha1="4rcro9cax74jvrn0r8ikumo2ydjf9nl" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{unichar/main
| hval  ={{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}} }}
| hvalinput ={{{1|}}}&lt;!--to use in errormessage--&gt;
| na    = {{#if:{{{alias|}}} |  {{#invoke:Unicode alias|alias|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|}}}}}}} | {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}
| ulink ={{{ulink|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}}
| nlink ={{{nlink|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}}
| image ={{{image|}}}
| cwith ={{#if:{{{cwith|}}} | {{{cwith}}} | {{#if:{{{cwith}}} || ◌ }} }}
| suffix={{{suffix|}}}
| size  ={{#if:{{{image|}}} | {{#if:{{#invoke:String|endswith|1={{lc:{{{size|}}}}}|2=px}}|{{{size}}}|10px}} | {{{size|{{#switch:{{{cwith}}}|&amp;nbsp;| =150%|#default=125%}}}}} }}
| use   ={{lc:{{{use|}}}}}
| use2  ={{{use2|}}}
| dval  ={{hex2dec|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}} }}|no}}
| html  ={{#ifeq:{{{html|+}}}|{{{html|-}}}|yes|no}}
| note  ={{{note|}}}
| gc    ={{unichar/gc|{{hex2dec|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|0}}}}}|no}}|hval={{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}} }} }}
| name  ={{{name|}}}
}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check
|unknown=[[Category: Pages using Unichar with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]
|preview=[[Template:Unichar]] unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;
|showblankpositional=1
|1 |hval |2 |alias |name |na |ulink |image |cwith |suffix |size |use |use2 |nlink |html |gc |note }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4rcro9cax74jvrn0r8ikumo2ydjf9nl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339293</id>
      <parentid>339292</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Unichar]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339292</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1362" sha1="4rcro9cax74jvrn0r8ikumo2ydjf9nl" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{unichar/main
| hval  ={{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}} }}
| hvalinput ={{{1|}}}&lt;!--to use in errormessage--&gt;
| na    = {{#if:{{{alias|}}} |  {{#invoke:Unicode alias|alias|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|}}}}}}} | {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}
| ulink ={{{ulink|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}}
| nlink ={{{nlink|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}}
| image ={{{image|}}}
| cwith ={{#if:{{{cwith|}}} | {{{cwith}}} | {{#if:{{{cwith}}} || ◌ }} }}
| suffix={{{suffix|}}}
| size  ={{#if:{{{image|}}} | {{#if:{{#invoke:String|endswith|1={{lc:{{{size|}}}}}|2=px}}|{{{size}}}|10px}} | {{{size|{{#switch:{{{cwith}}}|&amp;nbsp;| =150%|#default=125%}}}}} }}
| use   ={{lc:{{{use|}}}}}
| use2  ={{{use2|}}}
| dval  ={{hex2dec|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}} }}|no}}
| html  ={{#ifeq:{{{html|+}}}|{{{html|-}}}|yes|no}}
| note  ={{{note|}}}
| gc    ={{unichar/gc|{{hex2dec|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|0}}}}}|no}}|hval={{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}} }} }}
| name  ={{{name|}}}
}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check
|unknown=[[Category: Pages using Unichar with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]
|preview=[[Template:Unichar]] unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;
|showblankpositional=1
|1 |hval |2 |alias |name |na |ulink |image |cwith |suffix |size |use |use2 |nlink |html |gc |note }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4rcro9cax74jvrn0r8ikumo2ydjf9nl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unichar/main</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69784</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339294</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-05T18:00:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Warudo</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Passing the decimal value to glyph</comment>
      <origin>339294</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1076" sha1="enqs2p2452lxbmgfezpphtizv777dp6" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifexpr:({{{dval|-1}}}=0) and ({{#ifeq:X{{{hval}}}|X0000 |0 |1}}) |&lt;!--(error triggered if X{{{hval}}} ≠ X0000:)--&gt;{{Error |tag=span |Error using &amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[Template:unichar|unichar]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;: Input &quot;{{{hvalinput|}}}&quot; is not a [[hexadecimal]] value.}}
 | {{nowrap|{{{{#ifeq:{{{sans|}}}|y|sans-serif|mono}}|{{Unichar/ulink |ulink={{{ulink|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}} |ulinkdefault=Unicode}}{{{hval|}}}}}&amp;#x20;}}&lt;!--

   --&gt;{{Unichar/glyph |hval={{{hval|}}} |gc={{{gc|&lt;#not a Unicode code point#&gt;}}} |size={{{size}}}
                      |use={{{use|}}} |use2={{{use2|}}} |cwith={{{cwith|}}} |image={{{image|}}} |br={{{br|}}} |suffix={{{suffix|}}}|na={{{na|}}} |dval={{{dval|}}} }} &lt;!--

   --&gt;{{Unichar/name  |hval={{{hval|}}} |na={{{na|}}} |name={{{name|}}} |nlink={{{nlink|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}} |gc={{{gc|}}} }} &lt;!--

   --&gt;{{Unichar/notes |html={{{html|}}}
                      |char_entity={{#ifeq:{{{html|no}}}|yes|{{#invoke:LoadData|Numcr2namecr|{{{dval|}}}}}|}}
                      |note={{{note|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation|1=Template:Unichar/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>enqs2p2452lxbmgfezpphtizv777dp6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339295</id>
      <parentid>339294</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Unichar/main]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339294</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1076" sha1="enqs2p2452lxbmgfezpphtizv777dp6" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifexpr:({{{dval|-1}}}=0) and ({{#ifeq:X{{{hval}}}|X0000 |0 |1}}) |&lt;!--(error triggered if X{{{hval}}} ≠ X0000:)--&gt;{{Error |tag=span |Error using &amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[Template:unichar|unichar]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125;: Input &quot;{{{hvalinput|}}}&quot; is not a [[hexadecimal]] value.}}
 | {{nowrap|{{{{#ifeq:{{{sans|}}}|y|sans-serif|mono}}|{{Unichar/ulink |ulink={{{ulink|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}} |ulinkdefault=Unicode}}{{{hval|}}}}}&amp;#x20;}}&lt;!--

   --&gt;{{Unichar/glyph |hval={{{hval|}}} |gc={{{gc|&lt;#not a Unicode code point#&gt;}}} |size={{{size}}}
                      |use={{{use|}}} |use2={{{use2|}}} |cwith={{{cwith|}}} |image={{{image|}}} |br={{{br|}}} |suffix={{{suffix|}}}|na={{{na|}}} |dval={{{dval|}}} }} &lt;!--

   --&gt;{{Unichar/name  |hval={{{hval|}}} |na={{{na|}}} |name={{{name|}}} |nlink={{{nlink|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}} |gc={{{gc|}}} }} &lt;!--

   --&gt;{{Unichar/notes |html={{{html|}}}
                      |char_entity={{#ifeq:{{{html|no}}}|yes|{{#invoke:LoadData|Numcr2namecr|{{{dval|}}}}}|}}
                      |note={{{note|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation|1=Template:Unichar/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>enqs2p2452lxbmgfezpphtizv777dp6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Hex2dec</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69785</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339296</id>
      <timestamp>2014-06-11T17:02:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Frietjes</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>optional override for default to emit error</comment>
      <origin>339296</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="149" sha1="rkxh58qr2xmpmnap3qbh79h5bpmvwk2" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke: BaseConvert | convert 
   | n={{{1}}} 
   | base=10 
   | from=16 
   | default={{{default|0}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rkxh58qr2xmpmnap3qbh79h5bpmvwk2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339297</id>
      <parentid>339296</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Hex2dec]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339296</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="149" sha1="rkxh58qr2xmpmnap3qbh79h5bpmvwk2" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke: BaseConvert | convert 
   | n={{{1}}} 
   | base=10 
   | from=16 
   | default={{{default|0}}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rkxh58qr2xmpmnap3qbh79h5bpmvwk2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unichar/hexformat</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69786</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339298</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-12T13:28:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Warudo</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed the previous change</comment>
      <origin>339298</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="379" sha1="q4pa4s56hjv29cmw9y6l55xudrvh1pn" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifeq:{{{1|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}} | &lt;#salted#&gt; 
| &lt;#salted#&gt;
| {{#switch:{{lc:{{padleft:|4|{{{1|0}}}}}}}
    |0x0x
    |u+0x = &lt;#salted#&gt;
}}
{{padleft:{{#invoke:String|replace|source= {{uc:{{#switch:{{lc:{{padleft:|2|{{{1|0}}}}}}}
     | u+
     | 0x = {{Str right|{{{1}}}|2}}
     |{{{1}}}
     }}}}|pattern= ^0* |plain= false }}|4|0
   }}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>q4pa4s56hjv29cmw9y6l55xudrvh1pn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339299</id>
      <parentid>339298</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Unichar/hexformat]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339298</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="379" sha1="q4pa4s56hjv29cmw9y6l55xudrvh1pn" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifeq:{{{1|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}} | &lt;#salted#&gt; 
| &lt;#salted#&gt;
| {{#switch:{{lc:{{padleft:|4|{{{1|0}}}}}}}
    |0x0x
    |u+0x = &lt;#salted#&gt;
}}
{{padleft:{{#invoke:String|replace|source= {{uc:{{#switch:{{lc:{{padleft:|2|{{{1|0}}}}}}}
     | u+
     | 0x = {{Str right|{{{1}}}|2}}
     |{{{1}}}
     }}}}|pattern= ^0* |plain= false }}|4|0
   }}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>q4pa4s56hjv29cmw9y6l55xudrvh1pn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unichar/ulink</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69787</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339300</id>
      <timestamp>2018-01-10T18:59:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Primefac</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Template:Unichar/ulink]]&quot;: [[WP:SEMI|semi-protecting]] highly-visible templates in response to recent template-space vandalism ([Edit=Require autoconfirmed or confirmed access] (indefinite) [Move=Require autoconfirmed or confirmed access]...</comment>
      <origin>339300</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="158" sha1="fl2vvtcck5hazu6b8ufl7wfzqz88bcr" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{ulink|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}}
| &lt;#salted#&gt;=U+
| =[[{{{ulinkdefault|}}}|U+]]
| #default=[[{{{ulink|}}}{{!}}U+]]}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fl2vvtcck5hazu6b8ufl7wfzqz88bcr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339301</id>
      <parentid>339300</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Unichar/ulink]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339300</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="158" sha1="fl2vvtcck5hazu6b8ufl7wfzqz88bcr" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{ulink|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}}
| &lt;#salted#&gt;=U+
| =[[{{{ulinkdefault|}}}|U+]]
| #default=[[{{{ulink|}}}{{!}}U+]]}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fl2vvtcck5hazu6b8ufl7wfzqz88bcr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unichar/glyph</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69788</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339302</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-05T18:03:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Warudo</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Simplify the lang case</comment>
      <origin>339302</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1735" sha1="do3u4qofljcfo6aow7zwjaf8fwiuxmt" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{br|}}}|{{substr|{{#invoke:HTMLDecode | HTMLDecode | text={{{br|}}}}}|0|1}}}}{{#if:{{{image|}}} 
| [[File:{{{image|}}}|frameless|{{{size|}}}|baseline|alt={{{na|}}}]]
| {{#switch:{{{gc|&lt;#not a Unicode code point#&gt;}}}
 | &lt;#not a Unicode code point#&gt; =&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small&quot;&gt;&lt;not-a-Unicode-code-point-{{{hval|}}}&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 | Cc =&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small&quot;&gt;&lt;control-{{{hval|}}}&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 | Cs =&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small&quot;&gt;&lt;surrogate-{{{hval|}}}&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 | Cp =&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small&quot;&gt;&lt;private-use-{{{hval|}}}&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 | Cn =&lt;!--Cn=&lt;reserved&gt; is not detected--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small&quot;&gt;&lt;noncharacter-{{{hval|}}}&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 | Cf | Zl | Zp =&lt;!--formatting chars, no glyph or html code at all--&gt;
 | Zs =&lt;span class=&quot;Unicode&quot; style=&quot;background:lightblue;color:inherit;line-height:1em&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{hval|}}}| 0020  |&amp;#xA0;|&amp;#x{{{hval|}}};}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--change space 0x20 into nbsp=0xA0 to preserve the space from wiki-markup deletion--&gt;
 | #default=&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:{{{size|unexp}}};line-height:1em&quot;&gt;{{#switch:{{{use|}}}
   | ipa   ={{IPA|{{{cwith|}}}&amp;#x{{{hval}}};{{{suffix|}}}}}
   | lang  ={{lang|{{{use2|}}}|{{{cwith|}}}{{#invoke:ustring|char|{{{dval|}}}}}{{{suffix|}}}}}&lt;!--ustring.char is used instead of an HTML entity so the {{lang}}'s script detection works --&gt;
   | script={{script|{{{use2|}}}|{{{cwith|}}}&amp;#x{{{hval}}};{{{suffix|}}}}}&lt;!--use2: first char uc here?--&gt;
   | unicode 
   | #default = {{#ifeq:{{{cwith|}}}|◌|{{script|serif|{{{cwith|}}}&amp;#x{{{hval}}};{{{suffix|}}}}}|{{{cwith|}}}&amp;#x{{{hval|}}};{{{suffix|}}} }}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}{{#ifeq:{{{cwith|}}}|&amp;nbsp;|&amp;nbsp;}}}}{{#if:{{{br|}}}|{{substr|{{#invoke:HTMLDecode | HTMLDecode | text={{{br|}}}}}|1|2}}}}&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>do3u4qofljcfo6aow7zwjaf8fwiuxmt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339303</id>
      <parentid>339302</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Unichar/glyph]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339302</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1735" sha1="do3u4qofljcfo6aow7zwjaf8fwiuxmt" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{br|}}}|{{substr|{{#invoke:HTMLDecode | HTMLDecode | text={{{br|}}}}}|0|1}}}}{{#if:{{{image|}}} 
| [[File:{{{image|}}}|frameless|{{{size|}}}|baseline|alt={{{na|}}}]]
| {{#switch:{{{gc|&lt;#not a Unicode code point#&gt;}}}
 | &lt;#not a Unicode code point#&gt; =&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small&quot;&gt;&lt;not-a-Unicode-code-point-{{{hval|}}}&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 | Cc =&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small&quot;&gt;&lt;control-{{{hval|}}}&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 | Cs =&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small&quot;&gt;&lt;surrogate-{{{hval|}}}&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 | Cp =&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small&quot;&gt;&lt;private-use-{{{hval|}}}&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 | Cn =&lt;!--Cn=&lt;reserved&gt; is not detected--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small&quot;&gt;&lt;noncharacter-{{{hval|}}}&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 | Cf | Zl | Zp =&lt;!--formatting chars, no glyph or html code at all--&gt;
 | Zs =&lt;span class=&quot;Unicode&quot; style=&quot;background:lightblue;color:inherit;line-height:1em&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{hval|}}}| 0020  |&amp;#xA0;|&amp;#x{{{hval|}}};}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--change space 0x20 into nbsp=0xA0 to preserve the space from wiki-markup deletion--&gt;
 | #default=&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:{{{size|unexp}}};line-height:1em&quot;&gt;{{#switch:{{{use|}}}
   | ipa   ={{IPA|{{{cwith|}}}&amp;#x{{{hval}}};{{{suffix|}}}}}
   | lang  ={{lang|{{{use2|}}}|{{{cwith|}}}{{#invoke:ustring|char|{{{dval|}}}}}{{{suffix|}}}}}&lt;!--ustring.char is used instead of an HTML entity so the {{lang}}'s script detection works --&gt;
   | script={{script|{{{use2|}}}|{{{cwith|}}}&amp;#x{{{hval}}};{{{suffix|}}}}}&lt;!--use2: first char uc here?--&gt;
   | unicode 
   | #default = {{#ifeq:{{{cwith|}}}|◌|{{script|serif|{{{cwith|}}}&amp;#x{{{hval}}};{{{suffix|}}}}}|{{{cwith|}}}&amp;#x{{{hval|}}};{{{suffix|}}} }}}}&lt;/span&gt;}}{{#ifeq:{{{cwith|}}}|&amp;nbsp;|&amp;nbsp;}}}}{{#if:{{{br|}}}|{{substr|{{#invoke:HTMLDecode | HTMLDecode | text={{{br|}}}}}|1|2}}}}&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>do3u4qofljcfo6aow7zwjaf8fwiuxmt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unichar/gc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69789</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339304</id>
      <timestamp>2021-11-27T14:35:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;GKFX</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Use modern string functions</comment>
      <origin>339304</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2387" sha1="a4ss0tobzphw99quawpckax2j5z1zpf" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{1|}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;|{{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}&lt;=65535&lt;!--
    in plane 0 BMP
    --&gt;|{{#ifexpr: (00&lt;={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}&lt;=31) or (127&lt;={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}&lt;=159)&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Cc &lt;!--00..1F 7F..9F
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: (55296&lt;={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}&lt;=57343)&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Cs &lt;!--D800..DFFF high&amp;low Surrogates
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: ((57344&lt;={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}&lt;=63743))&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Cp &lt;!--E000..F8FF Private Use
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: (64976&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=65007) or {{{1}}}=65534 or {{{1}}}=65535&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Cn &lt;!--FDD0..FDEF FFFE FFFF; Not-a-character
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: ({{{1}}}=173) or ({{{1}}}=1807) or ({{{1}}}=6068) or ({{{1}}}=6069) or (8203&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=8207) or (8234&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=8238) or (8288&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=8292) or (8298&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=8303) or ({{{1}}}=65279) or (65529&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=65531)&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Cf &lt;!--00AD 070F 17B4 17B5 200B..200F 202A..202E 2060..2064 206A..206F FEFF FFF9..FFFB
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: (1536&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=1539) or ({{{1}}}=1757)&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Cf (visible)&lt;!--0600..0603 06DD See documentation: five visible Cf characters
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}=32 or {{{1}}}=160 or {{{1}}}=5760 or {{{1}}}=6158 or {{{1}}}=8239 or {{{1}}}=8287 or {{{1}}}=8288 or {{{1}}}=12288 or (8192&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=8205)&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Zs &lt;!--20 A0 1680 180E 202? 205F 2060 2000..200D 3000 Space
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}=8232&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Zl &lt;!--2028 LSEP
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}=8233&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Zp &lt;!--2029 PSEP
    --&gt;| &lt;!--(final param position in BMP: no gc determined)
    --&gt;}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}&lt;!--
--&gt;|&lt;!--in planes 1-16, not 0
--&gt;{{#switch: {{#invoke:ustring|sub|{{{hval|}}}|-4}}&lt;!--
   --&gt;| FFFE | FFFF = Cn &lt;!--hhFFFE hhFFFF Not-a-character
   --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: ((983040&lt;={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}&lt;=1114111))&lt;!--
   --&gt;| Cp &lt;!--Private use, planes 15-16 (minus Cn, checked earlier)
   --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}&gt;=1114112 | &lt;#not a Unicode code point#&gt;&lt;!--greater th 0x110000
   --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: ({{{1}}}=69821) or (119155&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=119162) or ({{{1}}}=917505) or (917536&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=917631)&lt;!--
   --&gt;| Cf &lt;!--110BD 1D173..1D17A E0001 E0020..E0096 (planes 1 and E = 1 and 14): 
   --&gt;| &lt;!--all other cp in planes 1-16, other gc not determined
   --&gt;}} }} }} }} }}&lt;!--
--&gt;|&lt;#not a Unicode code point#&gt; &lt;!--Input is blank or undefined
--&gt;}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a4ss0tobzphw99quawpckax2j5z1zpf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339305</id>
      <parentid>339304</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Unichar/gc]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339304</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2387" sha1="a4ss0tobzphw99quawpckax2j5z1zpf" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{1|}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;|{{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}&lt;=65535&lt;!--
    in plane 0 BMP
    --&gt;|{{#ifexpr: (00&lt;={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}&lt;=31) or (127&lt;={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}&lt;=159)&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Cc &lt;!--00..1F 7F..9F
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: (55296&lt;={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}&lt;=57343)&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Cs &lt;!--D800..DFFF high&amp;low Surrogates
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: ((57344&lt;={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}&lt;=63743))&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Cp &lt;!--E000..F8FF Private Use
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: (64976&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=65007) or {{{1}}}=65534 or {{{1}}}=65535&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Cn &lt;!--FDD0..FDEF FFFE FFFF; Not-a-character
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: ({{{1}}}=173) or ({{{1}}}=1807) or ({{{1}}}=6068) or ({{{1}}}=6069) or (8203&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=8207) or (8234&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=8238) or (8288&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=8292) or (8298&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=8303) or ({{{1}}}=65279) or (65529&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=65531)&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Cf &lt;!--00AD 070F 17B4 17B5 200B..200F 202A..202E 2060..2064 206A..206F FEFF FFF9..FFFB
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: (1536&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=1539) or ({{{1}}}=1757)&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Cf (visible)&lt;!--0600..0603 06DD See documentation: five visible Cf characters
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}=32 or {{{1}}}=160 or {{{1}}}=5760 or {{{1}}}=6158 or {{{1}}}=8239 or {{{1}}}=8287 or {{{1}}}=8288 or {{{1}}}=12288 or (8192&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=8205)&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Zs &lt;!--20 A0 1680 180E 202? 205F 2060 2000..200D 3000 Space
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}=8232&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Zl &lt;!--2028 LSEP
    --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}=8233&lt;!--
    --&gt;| Zp &lt;!--2029 PSEP
    --&gt;| &lt;!--(final param position in BMP: no gc determined)
    --&gt;}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}&lt;!--
--&gt;|&lt;!--in planes 1-16, not 0
--&gt;{{#switch: {{#invoke:ustring|sub|{{{hval|}}}|-4}}&lt;!--
   --&gt;| FFFE | FFFF = Cn &lt;!--hhFFFE hhFFFF Not-a-character
   --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: ((983040&lt;={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}&lt;=1114111))&lt;!--
   --&gt;| Cp &lt;!--Private use, planes 15-16 (minus Cn, checked earlier)
   --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}&gt;=1114112 | &lt;#not a Unicode code point#&gt;&lt;!--greater th 0x110000
   --&gt;| {{#ifexpr: ({{{1}}}=69821) or (119155&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=119162) or ({{{1}}}=917505) or (917536&lt;={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}&lt;=917631)&lt;!--
   --&gt;| Cf &lt;!--110BD 1D173..1D17A E0001 E0020..E0096 (planes 1 and E = 1 and 14): 
   --&gt;| &lt;!--all other cp in planes 1-16, other gc not determined
   --&gt;}} }} }} }} }}&lt;!--
--&gt;|&lt;#not a Unicode code point#&gt; &lt;!--Input is blank or undefined
--&gt;}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a4ss0tobzphw99quawpckax2j5z1zpf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unichar/name</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69790</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339306</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-05T17:41:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Warudo</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Work around Parsoid bug. See [[Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)#Possibly outdated instructions in NC-SLASH]]</comment>
      <origin>339306</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1172" sha1="agzpmnectu873tm81vyz8icqooyhl3k" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Unichar/name/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;unichar-name&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}| none || {{#switch:{{{gc|}}} | Zl | Zp | Zs={{#ifeq:{{{nlink|}}} | &lt;#salted#&gt; |{{{na|}}}| {{#if: {{{nlink|}}} | [[{{{nlink|}}}{{!}}{{{na|}}}]] |[[{{#ifeq:{{{hval}}}|0020|space (punctuation)|{{lc:{{{na|}}}}}}}{{!}}{{{na|}}}]]  }}}} &lt;!--A space cannot be the sole character in a page name --&gt; | Cc | Cs | Cp | Cn | &lt;#not a Unicode code point#&gt; = &lt;!--no smallcaps name, but straight nlink if given--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{nlink|}}} | &lt;#salted#&gt; || {{#if: {{{nlink|}}} | [[{{{nlink|}}}]] | {{error|Error using {{tl|unichar}}: Pagename expected in &quot;nlink{{=}}&quot;| tag=span }}}}}}
| #default={{#switch:{{{nlink|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}}
 | &lt;#salted#&gt; =&lt;!--no link--&gt;{{{na|}}}
 | =&lt;!--wikilink to na--&gt;[[:{{#switch:{{{hval}}}|0023|002E|003C|003E|005B|005D|007B|007C|007D|200E|200F|202A|202B|202C|202D|202E={{lc:{{{na|}}}}}|003A=colon (punctuation)&lt;!-- colon is a disambiguation page --&gt;|005F=underscore&lt;!-- Low line is a disambiguation page --&gt;|#default=&amp;#x{{{hval}}};}}{{!}}{{{na|}}}]]
 | #default =&lt;!--piped link--&gt;[[{{{nlink|}}}{{!}}{{{na|}}}]]}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>agzpmnectu873tm81vyz8icqooyhl3k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339307</id>
      <parentid>339306</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Unichar/name]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339306</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1172" sha1="agzpmnectu873tm81vyz8icqooyhl3k" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Unichar/name/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;unichar-name&quot;&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}| none || {{#switch:{{{gc|}}} | Zl | Zp | Zs={{#ifeq:{{{nlink|}}} | &lt;#salted#&gt; |{{{na|}}}| {{#if: {{{nlink|}}} | [[{{{nlink|}}}{{!}}{{{na|}}}]] |[[{{#ifeq:{{{hval}}}|0020|space (punctuation)|{{lc:{{{na|}}}}}}}{{!}}{{{na|}}}]]  }}}} &lt;!--A space cannot be the sole character in a page name --&gt; | Cc | Cs | Cp | Cn | &lt;#not a Unicode code point#&gt; = &lt;!--no smallcaps name, but straight nlink if given--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{nlink|}}} | &lt;#salted#&gt; || {{#if: {{{nlink|}}} | [[{{{nlink|}}}]] | {{error|Error using {{tl|unichar}}: Pagename expected in &quot;nlink{{=}}&quot;| tag=span }}}}}}
| #default={{#switch:{{{nlink|&lt;#salted#&gt;}}}
 | &lt;#salted#&gt; =&lt;!--no link--&gt;{{{na|}}}
 | =&lt;!--wikilink to na--&gt;[[:{{#switch:{{{hval}}}|0023|002E|003C|003E|005B|005D|007B|007C|007D|200E|200F|202A|202B|202C|202D|202E={{lc:{{{na|}}}}}|003A=colon (punctuation)&lt;!-- colon is a disambiguation page --&gt;|005F=underscore&lt;!-- Low line is a disambiguation page --&gt;|#default=&amp;#x{{{hval}}};}}{{!}}{{{na|}}}]]
 | #default =&lt;!--piped link--&gt;[[{{{nlink|}}}{{!}}{{{na|}}}]]}}}}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>agzpmnectu873tm81vyz8icqooyhl3k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unichar/notes</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69791</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339308</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-17T10:57:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;DePiep</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>339308</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="258" sha1="cgp0i4ncuq0jw6e4v4vqks7rqc1ziud" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{char_entity|}}}{{{note|}}}
|({{trim|1=&lt;!--
   --&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{char_entity|}}}|||{{mono|1={{{char_entity|}}}}}&lt;!-- --&gt;{{#if:{{{note|}}}|{{int:dot-separator}}}}}} &lt;!--
   --&gt;{{{note|}}}&lt;!--
  --&gt;}})}}&lt;!--
  
  --&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cgp0i4ncuq0jw6e4v4vqks7rqc1ziud</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339309</id>
      <parentid>339308</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Unichar/notes]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339308</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="258" sha1="cgp0i4ncuq0jw6e4v4vqks7rqc1ziud" xml:space="preserve">{{#if:{{{char_entity|}}}{{{note|}}}
|({{trim|1=&lt;!--
   --&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{char_entity|}}}|||{{mono|1={{{char_entity|}}}}}&lt;!-- --&gt;{{#if:{{{note|}}}|{{int:dot-separator}}}}}} &lt;!--
   --&gt;{{{note|}}}&lt;!--
  --&gt;}})}}&lt;!--
  
  --&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cgp0i4ncuq0jw6e4v4vqks7rqc1ziud</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:BaseConvert</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>69792</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339310</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-13T04:58:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Johnuniq</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>update from [[Module:BaseConvert/sandbox]] per talk; this removes globals</comment>
      <origin>339310</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2918" sha1="pittardebat8getcpz6hwvf6a7wspqr" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

local digits = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

local function normalizeFullWidthChars(s)
	return mw.ustring.gsub(s, '[！-～]', function(s)
		return mw.ustring.char(mw.ustring.codepoint(s, 1) - 0xFEE0)
	end)
end

local function _convert(n, base, from, precision, width, default, prefix, suffix)
	n = tostring(n)

	-- strip off any leading '0x' (unless x is a valid digit in the input base)
	from = tonumber(from)
	if not from or from &lt; 34 then
		local c
		n, c = n:gsub('^(-?)0[Xx]', '%1')
		if c &gt; 0 and not from then from = 16 end
	end

	-- check for a negative sign. Do this while the input is still in string form,
	-- because tonumber doesn't support negative numbers in non-10 bases.
	local sign = ''
	local c
	n, c = n:gsub('^-', '')
	if c &gt; 0 then sign = '-' end

	-- replace any full-width Unicode characters in the string with their ASCII equivalents
	n = normalizeFullWidthChars(n)

	-- handle scientific notation with whitespace around the 'e' e.g. '5 e7'
	n = n:gsub('%s*[eE]%s*', 'e')

	from = from or 10
	local num = tonumber(n, from)
	base = tonumber(base)
	precision = tonumber(precision)
	width = tonumber(width)

	if not num or not base then return default or n end

	local i, f = math.modf(num)

	local t = {}
	repeat
		local d = (i % base) + 1
		i = math.floor(i / base)
		table.insert(t, 1, digits:sub(d, d))
	until i == 0
	while #t &lt; (width or 0) do
		table.insert(t, 1, '0')
	end
	local intPart = table.concat(t, '')

	-- compute the fractional part
	local tf = {}
	while f &gt; 0 and #tf &lt; (precision or 10) do
		f = f * base
		i, f = math.modf(f)
		table.insert(tf, digits:sub(i + 1, i + 1))
	end

	-- add trailing zeros if needed
	if precision and #tf &lt; precision then
		for i = 1, precision - #tf do
			table.insert(tf, '0')
		end
	end

	local fracPart = table.concat(tf, '')

	-- remove trailing zeros if not needed
	if not precision then
		fracPart = fracPart:gsub('0*$', '')
	end

	-- add the radix point if needed
	if #fracPart &gt; 0 then
		fracPart = '.' .. fracPart
	end

	return (prefix or '') .. sign .. intPart .. fracPart .. (suffix or '')
end

function p.convert(frame)
	-- Allow for invocation via #invoke or directly from another module
	local args
	if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then
		args = frame.args
	else
		args = frame
	end

	local n = args.n
	local base = args.base
	local from = args.from
	local precision = args.precision
	local width = args.width
	local default = args.default
	local prefix = args.prefix
	local suffix = args.suffix
	return _convert(n, base, from, precision, width, default, prefix, suffix)
end

setmetatable(p, {
	__index = function(t, k)
		local from, base = k:match('^([0-9]+)to([0-9]+)$')
		if not from then return nil end
		return function(frame)
			local args = frame.args
			return _convert(mw.text.trim(args[1]), base, from, args.precision, args.width,
				args.default, args.prefix, args.suffix)
		end
	end
})

return p</text>
      <sha1>pittardebat8getcpz6hwvf6a7wspqr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339311</id>
      <parentid>339310</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:BaseConvert]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339310</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2918" sha1="pittardebat8getcpz6hwvf6a7wspqr" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

local digits = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'

local function normalizeFullWidthChars(s)
	return mw.ustring.gsub(s, '[！-～]', function(s)
		return mw.ustring.char(mw.ustring.codepoint(s, 1) - 0xFEE0)
	end)
end

local function _convert(n, base, from, precision, width, default, prefix, suffix)
	n = tostring(n)

	-- strip off any leading '0x' (unless x is a valid digit in the input base)
	from = tonumber(from)
	if not from or from &lt; 34 then
		local c
		n, c = n:gsub('^(-?)0[Xx]', '%1')
		if c &gt; 0 and not from then from = 16 end
	end

	-- check for a negative sign. Do this while the input is still in string form,
	-- because tonumber doesn't support negative numbers in non-10 bases.
	local sign = ''
	local c
	n, c = n:gsub('^-', '')
	if c &gt; 0 then sign = '-' end

	-- replace any full-width Unicode characters in the string with their ASCII equivalents
	n = normalizeFullWidthChars(n)

	-- handle scientific notation with whitespace around the 'e' e.g. '5 e7'
	n = n:gsub('%s*[eE]%s*', 'e')

	from = from or 10
	local num = tonumber(n, from)
	base = tonumber(base)
	precision = tonumber(precision)
	width = tonumber(width)

	if not num or not base then return default or n end

	local i, f = math.modf(num)

	local t = {}
	repeat
		local d = (i % base) + 1
		i = math.floor(i / base)
		table.insert(t, 1, digits:sub(d, d))
	until i == 0
	while #t &lt; (width or 0) do
		table.insert(t, 1, '0')
	end
	local intPart = table.concat(t, '')

	-- compute the fractional part
	local tf = {}
	while f &gt; 0 and #tf &lt; (precision or 10) do
		f = f * base
		i, f = math.modf(f)
		table.insert(tf, digits:sub(i + 1, i + 1))
	end

	-- add trailing zeros if needed
	if precision and #tf &lt; precision then
		for i = 1, precision - #tf do
			table.insert(tf, '0')
		end
	end

	local fracPart = table.concat(tf, '')

	-- remove trailing zeros if not needed
	if not precision then
		fracPart = fracPart:gsub('0*$', '')
	end

	-- add the radix point if needed
	if #fracPart &gt; 0 then
		fracPart = '.' .. fracPart
	end

	return (prefix or '') .. sign .. intPart .. fracPart .. (suffix or '')
end

function p.convert(frame)
	-- Allow for invocation via #invoke or directly from another module
	local args
	if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then
		args = frame.args
	else
		args = frame
	end

	local n = args.n
	local base = args.base
	local from = args.from
	local precision = args.precision
	local width = args.width
	local default = args.default
	local prefix = args.prefix
	local suffix = args.suffix
	return _convert(n, base, from, precision, width, default, prefix, suffix)
end

setmetatable(p, {
	__index = function(t, k)
		local from, base = k:match('^([0-9]+)to([0-9]+)$')
		if not from then return nil end
		return function(frame)
			local args = frame.args
			return _convert(mw.text.trim(args[1]), base, from, args.precision, args.width,
				args.default, args.prefix, args.suffix)
		end
	end
})

return p</text>
      <sha1>pittardebat8getcpz6hwvf6a7wspqr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Italics correction/calc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69793</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339314</id>
      <timestamp>2023-06-02T22:38:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;WOSlinker</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;</comment>
      <origin>339314</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22088" sha1="7n3ottilt4bdqouy165dq7jvujf5wla" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1}}}
|d|i|j|k|ℓ|r|t|v|w|x|y|z|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|M|N|P|U|V|W|X|Y|Z|γ|δ|ζ|ξ|ϖ|π|σ|τ|Ε|Ζ|Η|Ι|Κ|Μ|Ν|Ξ|Π|Ρ|Σ|Υ|ϒ|Χ|Ψ=0.05em
|c|g|s|u|B|G|O|Q|R|S|α|β|ε|ϵ|ϑ|θ|κ|μ|ν|ς|υ|χ|ψ|ω|Β|Θ|Ο|Ω=0.05em
|a|b|∂|e|h|m|n|o|p|q|A|L|η|ι|λ|ο|ϱ|ρ|φ|ϕ|Α|Δ|Λ|Φ=0em
|f|l|T|Γ|Τ=0.15em
|0.1em
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
Latin lower-case: abc∂defghijlℓmnopqrstuvwxyz
Latin upper-case: ABCDEFGHIJLNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Greek lower-case: αβγδεϵζηϑθικλμνξοϖπϱρςστυφϕχψω
Greek upper-case: ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥϒΦΧΨΩ
When a letter has multiple forms, I'm listing the most common mathematical form last, and other variants (which may or may not be more common in ordinary text) before that.
--&gt;{{documentation|content=
This template takes one parameter, a single letter, and returns an amount of space (in units of &quot;em&quot;, so something like &quot;0.1em&quot;) that should be added after an italic version of that letter to prevent tall characters from colliding with its top-right corner.  It is large for letters like ''f'', ''l'' and ''T'', and zero for letters like ''o'', ''A'' and ''L'' which do not protrude to the top right.

Examples:
* {{tlc|{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|f}} = {{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|f}}
* {{tlc|{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|j}} = {{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|j}}
* {{tlc|{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|s}} = {{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|s}}
* {{tlc|{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|h}} = {{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|h}}

Because it does not know what font is in use on the user's browser, it is a much cruder approximation than [[TeX]]'s &quot;italic correction&quot; macro &lt;code&gt;\/&lt;/code&gt;, but it's still better than a fixed space.

The primary application is mathematics, where italic letters are often followed by a close parenthesis, superscript, or prime symbol. Thus, the Latin and Greek alphabets are covered, but not the entire Unicode space.  Some Hebrew and Cyrillic characters could be added as required.

&lt;!-- 26 Latin + 24 Greek letters = 50.  Divided by 3 columns, that's 16⅔ rows.--&gt;
{{(!}}class=wikitable
{{!}}+Full list of characters
{{!}}-
!colspan=2{{!}} Italic text {{!!}}colspan=2{{!}} {{tl|mvar}}
{{!}}rowspan=19{{!}}
!colspan=2{{!}} Italic text {{!!}}colspan=2{{!}} {{tl|mvar|nolink=true}}
{{!}}rowspan=19{{!}}
!colspan=2{{!}} Italic text {{!!}}colspan=2{{!}} {{tl|mvar|nolink=true}}
{{!}}-
! Bare !! +pad !! Bare !! +pad !! Bare !! +pad !! Bare !! +pad !! Bare !! +pad !! Bare !! +pad
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''a′ A′'' {{!!}} ''a&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|a}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; A&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|A}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|a′ A′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=a&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|a}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; A&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|A}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''r′ R′'' {{!!}} ''r&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|r}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; R&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|R}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|r′ R′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=r&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|r}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; R&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|R}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ι′ Ι′'' {{!!}} ''ι&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ι}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ι&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ι}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ι′ Ι′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ι&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ι}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ι&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ι}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''b′ B′'' {{!!}} ''b&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|b}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|B}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|b′ B′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=b&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|b}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|B}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''s′ S′'' {{!!}} ''s&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|s}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; S&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|S}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|s′ S′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=s&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|s}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; S&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|S}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''κ′ Κ′'' {{!!}} ''κ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|κ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Κ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Κ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|κ′ Κ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=κ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|κ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Κ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Κ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''c′ C′'' {{!!}} ''c&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|c}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|C}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|c′ C′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=c&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|c}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|C}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''t′ T′'' {{!!}} ''t&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|t}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; T&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|T}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|t′ T′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=t&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|t}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; T&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|T}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''λ′ Λ′'' {{!!}} ''λ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|λ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Λ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Λ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|λ′ Λ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=λ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|λ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Λ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Λ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''∂′d′ D′'' {{!!}} ''∂&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|∂}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|d}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; D&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|D}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|∂′d′ D′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=∂&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|∂}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|d}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; D&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|D}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''u′ U′'' {{!!}} ''u&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|u}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; U&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|U}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|u′ U′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=u&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|u}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; U&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|U}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''μ′ Μ′'' {{!!}} ''μ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|μ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Μ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Μ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|μ′ Μ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=μ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|μ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Μ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Μ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
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{{!}} ''e′ E′'' {{!!}} ''e&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|e}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; E&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|E}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|e′ E′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=e&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|e}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; E&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|E}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''v′ V′'' {{!!}} ''v&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|v}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; V&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|V}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|v′ V′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=v&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|v}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; V&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|V}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ν′ Ν′'' {{!!}} ''ν&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ν}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ν&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ν}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ν′ Ν′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ν&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ν}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ν&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ν}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''f′ F′'' {{!!}} ''f&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|f}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; F&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|F}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|f′ F′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=f&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|f}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; F&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|F}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''w′ W′'' {{!!}} ''w&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|w}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; W&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|W}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|w′ W′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=w&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|w}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; W&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|W}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ξ′ Ξ′'' {{!!}} ''ξ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ξ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ξ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ξ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ξ′ Ξ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ξ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ξ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ξ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ξ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
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{{!}} ''g′ G′'' {{!!}} ''g&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|g}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; G&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|G}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|g′ G′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=g&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|g}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; G&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|G}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''x′ X′'' {{!!}} ''x&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|x}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; X&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|X}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|x′ X′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=x&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|x}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; X&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|X}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ο′ Ο′'' {{!!}} ''ο&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ο}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ο&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ο}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ο′ Ο′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ο&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ο}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ο&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ο}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''h′ H′'' {{!!}} ''h&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|h}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; H&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|H}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|h′ H′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=h&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|h}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; H&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|H}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''y′ Y′'' {{!!}} ''y&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|y}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Y&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Y}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|y′ Y′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=y&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|y}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Y&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Y}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ϖ′π′ Π′'' {{!!}} ''ϖ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϖ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;π&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|π}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Π&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Π}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ϖ′π′ Π′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ϖ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϖ}}&quot;&gt;′π&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|π}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Π&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Π}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''i′ I′'' {{!!}} ''i&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|i}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; I&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|I}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|i′ I′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=i&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|i}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; I&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|I}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''z′ Z′'' {{!!}} ''z&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|z}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Z&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Z}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|z′ Z′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=z&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|z}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Z&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|z}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ϱ′ρ′ Ρ′'' {{!!}} ''ϱ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϱ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ρ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ρ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ρ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ρ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ϱ′ρ′ Ρ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ϱ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϱ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ρ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ρ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ρ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ρ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''j′ J′'' {{!!}} ''j&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|j}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; J&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|J}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|j′ J′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=j&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|j}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; J&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|J}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''α′ Α′'' {{!!}} ''α&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|α}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Α&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Α}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|α′ Α′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=α&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|α}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Α&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Α}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ς′σ′ Σ′'' {{!!}} ''ς&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ς}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;σ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|σ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Σ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Σ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ς′σ′ Σ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ς&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ς}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;σ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|σ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Σ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Σ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''k′ K′'' {{!!}} ''k&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|k}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; K&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|K}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|k′ K′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=k&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|k}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; K&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|K}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''β′ Β′'' {{!!}} ''β&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|β}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Β&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Β}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|β′ Β′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=β&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|β}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Β&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Β}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''τ′ Τ′'' {{!!}} ''τ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|τ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Τ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Τ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|τ′ Τ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=τ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|τ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Τ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Τ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''l′ℓ′ L′'' {{!!}} ''l&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|l}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ℓ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ℓ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; L&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|L}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|l′ℓ′ L′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=l&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|l}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ℓ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ℓ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; L&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|L}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''γ′ Γ′'' {{!!}} ''γ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|γ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Γ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Γ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|γ′ Γ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=γ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|γ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Γ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Γ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''υ′ Υ′ϒ′'' {{!!}} ''υ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|υ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Υ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Υ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ϒ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϒ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|υ′ Υ′ϒ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=υ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|υ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Υ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Υ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ϒ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϒ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''m′ M′'' {{!!}} ''m&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|m}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; M&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|M}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|m′ M′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=m&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|m}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; M&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|M}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''δ′ Δ′'' {{!!}} ''δ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|δ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Δ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Δ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|δ′ Δ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=δ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|δ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Δ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Δ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''φ′ϕ′ Φ′'' {{!!}} ''φ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|φ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ϕ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϕ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Φ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Φ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|φ′ϕ′ Φ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=φ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|φ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ϕ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϕ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Φ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Φ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''n′ N′'' {{!!}} ''n&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|n}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; N&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|N}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|n′ N′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=n&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|n}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; N&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|N}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ε′ϵ′ Ε′'' {{!!}} ''ε&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ε}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ϵ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϵ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ε&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ε}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ε′ϵ′ Ε′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ε&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ε}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ϵ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϵ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ε&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ε}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''χ′ Χ′'' {{!!}} ''χ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|χ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Χ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Χ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|χ′ Χ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=χ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|χ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Χ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Χ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''o′ O′'' {{!!}} ''o&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|o}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; O&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|O}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|o′ O′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=o&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|o}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; O&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|O}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ζ′ Ζ′'' {{!!}} ''ζ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ζ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ζ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ζ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ζ′ Ζ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ζ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ζ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ζ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ζ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ψ′ Ψ′'' {{!!}} ''ψ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ψ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ψ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ψ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ψ′ Ψ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ψ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ψ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ψ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ψ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''p′ P′'' {{!!}} ''p&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|p}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; P&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|P}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|p′ P′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=p&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|p}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; P&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|P}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''η′ Η′'' {{!!}} ''η&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|η}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Η&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Η}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|η′ Η′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=η&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|η}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Η&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Η}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ω′ Ω′'' {{!!}} ''ω&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ω}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ω&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ω}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ω′ Ω′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ω&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ω}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ω&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ω}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''q′ Q′'' {{!!}} ''q&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|q}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Q&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Q}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|q′ Q′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=q&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|q}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Q&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Q}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ϑ′θ′ Θ′'' {{!!}} ''ϑ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϑ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;θ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|θ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Θ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Θ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ϑ′θ′ Θ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ϑ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϑ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;θ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|θ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Θ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Θ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}colspan=4{{!}}
{{!)}}
; Implementation
: It's just a big 109-way [[Help:Switch parser function|&lt;code&gt;#switch&lt;/code&gt;]] statement.  For the sake of efficiency (this is likely to be used ''many'' times on a page), letters which take the same amount of space are grouped together, and the groups are sorted so the most common ones come first.
: I tried
    &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{#switch:0
|{{#expr:not{{#invoke:String|find|dijkrtvwxyzCDEFGHIJKMNUVWXYZγδζξϖπστΕΖΗΙΚΜΝΞΠΣΥϒΧΨ|{{{1}}}}}}}=0.1em
|{{#expr:not{{#invoke:String|find|cgsuBGOPQRSαβϑθκμνςυχψωΒΘΟΡΩ|{{{1}}}}}}}=0.05em
|{{#expr:not{{#invoke:String|find|ab∂ehmnopqALεϵηιλοϱρφϕΑΔΛΦ|{{{1}}}}}}}=0em
|{{#expr:not{{#invoke:String|find|flTΓΤ|{{{1}}}}}}}=0.15em
|0=0.1em
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
to reduce the number of cases in the &lt;code&gt;#switch&lt;/code&gt;, but that was clearly slower. (The large table makes this documentation page a good benchmark!)

One significant limitation of this template is that it does ''not'' accept characters in HTML entity form.  While it could be extended to accept {{para||&amp;amp;alpha;}} or {{para||&amp;amp;#945;}} or {{para||&amp;amp;#x3B1;}}, adding all those forms would really bloat the &lt;code&gt;#switch&lt;/code&gt;.
}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7n3ottilt4bdqouy165dq7jvujf5wla</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339315</id>
      <parentid>339314</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Italics_correction/calc]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339314</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22088" sha1="7n3ottilt4bdqouy165dq7jvujf5wla" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1}}}
|d|i|j|k|ℓ|r|t|v|w|x|y|z|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|M|N|P|U|V|W|X|Y|Z|γ|δ|ζ|ξ|ϖ|π|σ|τ|Ε|Ζ|Η|Ι|Κ|Μ|Ν|Ξ|Π|Ρ|Σ|Υ|ϒ|Χ|Ψ=0.05em
|c|g|s|u|B|G|O|Q|R|S|α|β|ε|ϵ|ϑ|θ|κ|μ|ν|ς|υ|χ|ψ|ω|Β|Θ|Ο|Ω=0.05em
|a|b|∂|e|h|m|n|o|p|q|A|L|η|ι|λ|ο|ϱ|ρ|φ|ϕ|Α|Δ|Λ|Φ=0em
|f|l|T|Γ|Τ=0.15em
|0.1em
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;!--
Latin lower-case: abc∂defghijlℓmnopqrstuvwxyz
Latin upper-case: ABCDEFGHIJLNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Greek lower-case: αβγδεϵζηϑθικλμνξοϖπϱρςστυφϕχψω
Greek upper-case: ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥϒΦΧΨΩ
When a letter has multiple forms, I'm listing the most common mathematical form last, and other variants (which may or may not be more common in ordinary text) before that.
--&gt;{{documentation|content=
This template takes one parameter, a single letter, and returns an amount of space (in units of &quot;em&quot;, so something like &quot;0.1em&quot;) that should be added after an italic version of that letter to prevent tall characters from colliding with its top-right corner.  It is large for letters like ''f'', ''l'' and ''T'', and zero for letters like ''o'', ''A'' and ''L'' which do not protrude to the top right.

Examples:
* {{tlc|{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|f}} = {{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|f}}
* {{tlc|{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|j}} = {{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|j}}
* {{tlc|{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|s}} = {{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|s}}
* {{tlc|{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|h}} = {{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|h}}

Because it does not know what font is in use on the user's browser, it is a much cruder approximation than [[TeX]]'s &quot;italic correction&quot; macro &lt;code&gt;\/&lt;/code&gt;, but it's still better than a fixed space.

The primary application is mathematics, where italic letters are often followed by a close parenthesis, superscript, or prime symbol. Thus, the Latin and Greek alphabets are covered, but not the entire Unicode space.  Some Hebrew and Cyrillic characters could be added as required.

&lt;!-- 26 Latin + 24 Greek letters = 50.  Divided by 3 columns, that's 16⅔ rows.--&gt;
{{(!}}class=wikitable
{{!}}+Full list of characters
{{!}}-
!colspan=2{{!}} Italic text {{!!}}colspan=2{{!}} {{tl|mvar}}
{{!}}rowspan=19{{!}}
!colspan=2{{!}} Italic text {{!!}}colspan=2{{!}} {{tl|mvar|nolink=true}}
{{!}}rowspan=19{{!}}
!colspan=2{{!}} Italic text {{!!}}colspan=2{{!}} {{tl|mvar|nolink=true}}
{{!}}-
! Bare !! +pad !! Bare !! +pad !! Bare !! +pad !! Bare !! +pad !! Bare !! +pad !! Bare !! +pad
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''a′ A′'' {{!!}} ''a&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|a}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; A&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|A}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|a′ A′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=a&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|a}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; A&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|A}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''r′ R′'' {{!!}} ''r&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|r}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; R&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|R}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|r′ R′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=r&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|r}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; R&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|R}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ι′ Ι′'' {{!!}} ''ι&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ι}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ι&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ι}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ι′ Ι′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ι&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ι}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ι&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ι}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''b′ B′'' {{!!}} ''b&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|b}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|B}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|b′ B′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=b&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|b}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; B&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|B}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''s′ S′'' {{!!}} ''s&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|s}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; S&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|S}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|s′ S′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=s&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|s}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; S&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|S}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''κ′ Κ′'' {{!!}} ''κ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|κ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Κ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Κ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|κ′ Κ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=κ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|κ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Κ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Κ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''c′ C′'' {{!!}} ''c&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|c}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|C}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|c′ C′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=c&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|c}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; C&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|C}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''t′ T′'' {{!!}} ''t&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|t}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; T&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|T}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|t′ T′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=t&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|t}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; T&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|T}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''λ′ Λ′'' {{!!}} ''λ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|λ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Λ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Λ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|λ′ Λ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=λ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|λ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Λ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Λ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''∂′d′ D′'' {{!!}} ''∂&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|∂}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|d}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; D&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|D}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|∂′d′ D′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=∂&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|∂}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|d}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; D&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|D}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''u′ U′'' {{!!}} ''u&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|u}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; U&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|U}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|u′ U′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=u&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|u}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; U&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|U}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''μ′ Μ′'' {{!!}} ''μ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|μ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Μ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Μ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|μ′ Μ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=μ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|μ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Μ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Μ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''e′ E′'' {{!!}} ''e&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|e}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; E&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|E}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|e′ E′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=e&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|e}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; E&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|E}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''v′ V′'' {{!!}} ''v&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|v}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; V&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|V}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|v′ V′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=v&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|v}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; V&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|V}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ν′ Ν′'' {{!!}} ''ν&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ν}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ν&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ν}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ν′ Ν′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ν&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ν}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ν&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ν}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''f′ F′'' {{!!}} ''f&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|f}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; F&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|F}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|f′ F′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=f&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|f}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; F&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|F}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''w′ W′'' {{!!}} ''w&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|w}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; W&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|W}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|w′ W′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=w&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|w}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; W&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|W}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ξ′ Ξ′'' {{!!}} ''ξ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ξ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ξ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ξ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ξ′ Ξ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ξ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ξ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ξ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ξ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''g′ G′'' {{!!}} ''g&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|g}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; G&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|G}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|g′ G′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=g&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|g}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; G&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|G}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''x′ X′'' {{!!}} ''x&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|x}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; X&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|X}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|x′ X′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=x&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|x}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; X&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|X}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ο′ Ο′'' {{!!}} ''ο&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ο}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ο&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ο}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ο′ Ο′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ο&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ο}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ο&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ο}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''h′ H′'' {{!!}} ''h&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|h}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; H&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|H}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|h′ H′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=h&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|h}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; H&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|H}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''y′ Y′'' {{!!}} ''y&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|y}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Y&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Y}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|y′ Y′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=y&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|y}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Y&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Y}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ϖ′π′ Π′'' {{!!}} ''ϖ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϖ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;π&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|π}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Π&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Π}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ϖ′π′ Π′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ϖ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϖ}}&quot;&gt;′π&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|π}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Π&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Π}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''i′ I′'' {{!!}} ''i&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|i}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; I&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|I}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|i′ I′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=i&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|i}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; I&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|I}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''z′ Z′'' {{!!}} ''z&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|z}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Z&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Z}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|z′ Z′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=z&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|z}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Z&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|z}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ϱ′ρ′ Ρ′'' {{!!}} ''ϱ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϱ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ρ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ρ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ρ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ρ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ϱ′ρ′ Ρ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ϱ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϱ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ρ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ρ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ρ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ρ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''j′ J′'' {{!!}} ''j&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|j}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; J&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|J}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|j′ J′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=j&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|j}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; J&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|J}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''α′ Α′'' {{!!}} ''α&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|α}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Α&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Α}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|α′ Α′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=α&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|α}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Α&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Α}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ς′σ′ Σ′'' {{!!}} ''ς&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ς}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;σ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|σ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Σ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Σ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ς′σ′ Σ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ς&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ς}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;σ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|σ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Σ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Σ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''k′ K′'' {{!!}} ''k&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|k}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; K&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|K}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|k′ K′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=k&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|k}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; K&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|K}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''β′ Β′'' {{!!}} ''β&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|β}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Β&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Β}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|β′ Β′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=β&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|β}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Β&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Β}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''τ′ Τ′'' {{!!}} ''τ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|τ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Τ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Τ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|τ′ Τ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=τ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|τ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Τ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Τ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''l′ℓ′ L′'' {{!!}} ''l&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|l}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ℓ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ℓ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; L&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|L}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|l′ℓ′ L′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=l&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|l}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ℓ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ℓ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; L&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|L}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''γ′ Γ′'' {{!!}} ''γ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|γ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Γ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Γ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|γ′ Γ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=γ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|γ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Γ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Γ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''υ′ Υ′ϒ′'' {{!!}} ''υ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|υ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Υ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Υ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ϒ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϒ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|υ′ Υ′ϒ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=υ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|υ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Υ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Υ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ϒ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϒ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''m′ M′'' {{!!}} ''m&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|m}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; M&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|M}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|m′ M′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=m&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|m}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; M&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|M}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''δ′ Δ′'' {{!!}} ''δ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|δ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Δ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Δ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|δ′ Δ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=δ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|δ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Δ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Δ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''φ′ϕ′ Φ′'' {{!!}} ''φ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|φ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ϕ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϕ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Φ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Φ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|φ′ϕ′ Φ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=φ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|φ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ϕ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϕ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Φ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Φ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''n′ N′'' {{!!}} ''n&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|n}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; N&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|N}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|n′ N′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=n&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|n}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; N&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|N}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ε′ϵ′ Ε′'' {{!!}} ''ε&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ε}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ϵ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϵ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ε&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ε}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ε′ϵ′ Ε′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ε&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ε}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;ϵ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϵ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ε&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ε}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''χ′ Χ′'' {{!!}} ''χ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|χ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Χ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Χ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|χ′ Χ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=χ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|χ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Χ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Χ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''o′ O′'' {{!!}} ''o&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|o}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; O&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|O}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|o′ O′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=o&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|o}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; O&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|O}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ζ′ Ζ′'' {{!!}} ''ζ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ζ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ζ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ζ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ζ′ Ζ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ζ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ζ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ζ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ζ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ψ′ Ψ′'' {{!!}} ''ψ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ψ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ψ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ψ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ψ′ Ψ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ψ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ψ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ψ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ψ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''p′ P′'' {{!!}} ''p&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|p}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; P&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|P}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|p′ P′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=p&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|p}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; P&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|P}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''η′ Η′'' {{!!}} ''η&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|η}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Η&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Η}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|η′ Η′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=η&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|η}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Η&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Η}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ω′ Ω′'' {{!!}} ''ω&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ω}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ω&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ω}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ω′ Ω′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ω&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ω}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Ω&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Ω}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}-
{{!}} ''q′ Q′'' {{!!}} ''q&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|q}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Q&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Q}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|q′ Q′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=q&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|q}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Q&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Q}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}} ''ϑ′θ′ Θ′'' {{!!}} ''ϑ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϑ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;θ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|θ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Θ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Θ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;''
{{!}} {{mvar|ϑ′θ′ Θ′}} {{!!}} {{mvar|1=ϑ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|ϑ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;θ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|θ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt; Θ&lt;span style=&quot;padding-left:{{{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}|Θ}}&quot;&gt;′&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{!}}colspan=4{{!}}
{{!)}}
; Implementation
: It's just a big 109-way [[Help:Switch parser function|&lt;code&gt;#switch&lt;/code&gt;]] statement.  For the sake of efficiency (this is likely to be used ''many'' times on a page), letters which take the same amount of space are grouped together, and the groups are sorted so the most common ones come first.
: I tried
    &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot;&gt;{{#switch:0
|{{#expr:not{{#invoke:String|find|dijkrtvwxyzCDEFGHIJKMNUVWXYZγδζξϖπστΕΖΗΙΚΜΝΞΠΣΥϒΧΨ|{{{1}}}}}}}=0.1em
|{{#expr:not{{#invoke:String|find|cgsuBGOPQRSαβϑθκμνςυχψωΒΘΟΡΩ|{{{1}}}}}}}=0.05em
|{{#expr:not{{#invoke:String|find|ab∂ehmnopqALεϵηιλοϱρφϕΑΔΛΦ|{{{1}}}}}}}=0em
|{{#expr:not{{#invoke:String|find|flTΓΤ|{{{1}}}}}}}=0.15em
|0=0.1em
}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
to reduce the number of cases in the &lt;code&gt;#switch&lt;/code&gt;, but that was clearly slower. (The large table makes this documentation page a good benchmark!)

One significant limitation of this template is that it does ''not'' accept characters in HTML entity form.  While it could be extended to accept {{para||&amp;amp;alpha;}} or {{para||&amp;amp;#945;}} or {{para||&amp;amp;#x3B1;}}, adding all those forms would really bloat the &lt;code&gt;#switch&lt;/code&gt;.
}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7n3ottilt4bdqouy165dq7jvujf5wla</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Prime</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69794</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339316</id>
      <timestamp>2022-09-27T12:41:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Primefac</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Primefac moved page [[Template:′]] to [[Template:Prime]] over redirect: (proper) full name for ease of use</comment>
      <origin>339316</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="192" sha1="nt6amnmm1k6hf8nwacjzf2svhdz61d5" xml:space="preserve">{{{1|}}}&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;padding-left:{{{sp|{{Italics correction/calc|{{{2|{{#invoke:String|pos|{{{1|f}}}|-1}}}}}}}}}};&quot;&gt;{{{c|′}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nt6amnmm1k6hf8nwacjzf2svhdz61d5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339317</id>
      <parentid>339316</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Prime]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339316</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="192" sha1="nt6amnmm1k6hf8nwacjzf2svhdz61d5" xml:space="preserve">{{{1|}}}&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;padding-left:{{{sp|{{Italics correction/calc|{{{2|{{#invoke:String|pos|{{{1|f}}}|-1}}}}}}}}}};&quot;&gt;{{{c|′}}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nt6amnmm1k6hf8nwacjzf2svhdz61d5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:LoadData</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>69795</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339322</id>
      <timestamp>2021-09-30T22:57:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;MusikBot II</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Module:LoadData]]&quot;: [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]]: 398 transclusions ([[User:MusikBot II/TemplateProtector|more info]]) ([Edit=Require autoconfirmed or confirmed access] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>339322</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1765" sha1="h8xxe6nggfeoforb3unrtmyifjwn6py" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

-- Finds the next key key &lt;= or &gt;= the given i.
-- operator is ±1
local function findItemRange(data, i, operator)
    local bestIndex = nil
    i = i * operator
    for k, v in pairs(data) do
    	local kop = type(k) == 'number' and k * operator
        if kop and kop &lt;= i and (bestIndex == nil or kop &gt; bestIndex * operator) then
        	bestIndex = k
        end
    end
    if bestIndex then return data[bestIndex] else return nil end
end

local function load(datamodule, frame)
	local args = frame.args
    local data = mw.loadData(datamodule)
    for i = 1, 20 do
        if args[i] then data = data[tonumber(args[i]) or args[i]]
        elseif args[i .. ' lteq'] then
            data = findItemRange(data, tonumber(args[i .. ' lteq']), 1)
        elseif args[i .. ' gteq'] then
            data = findItemRange(data, tonumber(args[i .. ' gteq']), -1)
        else break end
    end
    
    if data == nil then
    	return args['if_nil'] -- not a required argument, OK to return nil here.
    end
    
    if type(data) == 'table' then
    	-- Put the table into another table because the return value of loadData
    	-- is a &quot;fake&quot; table that only has certain metamethods.
    	local realdata = {}
    	for k, v in pairs(data) do
    		realdata[k] = v
    	end
    	data = realdata
    else
    	data = { data }
    end
    
    if args['template'] then
    	return mw.text.unstripNoWiki(args['template']):format(unpack(data))
    elseif args['preprocess'] then
    	return frame:preprocess(mw.text.unstripNoWiki(args['preprocess']):format(unpack(data)))
    else
    	return table.concat(data)
    end
end

return setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function(t, k)
		return function(frame)
			return load('Module:' .. k, frame)
    	end
	end
})</text>
      <sha1>h8xxe6nggfeoforb3unrtmyifjwn6py</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339323</id>
      <parentid>339322</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:LoadData]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339322</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1765" sha1="h8xxe6nggfeoforb3unrtmyifjwn6py" xml:space="preserve">local p = {}

-- Finds the next key key &lt;= or &gt;= the given i.
-- operator is ±1
local function findItemRange(data, i, operator)
    local bestIndex = nil
    i = i * operator
    for k, v in pairs(data) do
    	local kop = type(k) == 'number' and k * operator
        if kop and kop &lt;= i and (bestIndex == nil or kop &gt; bestIndex * operator) then
        	bestIndex = k
        end
    end
    if bestIndex then return data[bestIndex] else return nil end
end

local function load(datamodule, frame)
	local args = frame.args
    local data = mw.loadData(datamodule)
    for i = 1, 20 do
        if args[i] then data = data[tonumber(args[i]) or args[i]]
        elseif args[i .. ' lteq'] then
            data = findItemRange(data, tonumber(args[i .. ' lteq']), 1)
        elseif args[i .. ' gteq'] then
            data = findItemRange(data, tonumber(args[i .. ' gteq']), -1)
        else break end
    end
    
    if data == nil then
    	return args['if_nil'] -- not a required argument, OK to return nil here.
    end
    
    if type(data) == 'table' then
    	-- Put the table into another table because the return value of loadData
    	-- is a &quot;fake&quot; table that only has certain metamethods.
    	local realdata = {}
    	for k, v in pairs(data) do
    		realdata[k] = v
    	end
    	data = realdata
    else
    	data = { data }
    end
    
    if args['template'] then
    	return mw.text.unstripNoWiki(args['template']):format(unpack(data))
    elseif args['preprocess'] then
    	return frame:preprocess(mw.text.unstripNoWiki(args['preprocess']):format(unpack(data)))
    else
    	return table.concat(data)
    end
end

return setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function(t, k)
		return function(frame)
			return load('Module:' .. k, frame)
    	end
	end
})</text>
      <sha1>h8xxe6nggfeoforb3unrtmyifjwn6py</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Unicode data/names/000</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>69796</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339324</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-15T14:05:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Dušan Kreheľ</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fix.</comment>
      <origin>339324</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="131" sha1="km6arqw8ubsy7lrpiji3g8u43tqukm6" xml:space="preserve">-- [[commons:Data:Unicode data/names/000.tab]]
return require(&quot;Module:Unicode data/datasets&quot;).dataset(&quot;Unicode data/names/000.tab&quot;)</text>
      <sha1>km6arqw8ubsy7lrpiji3g8u43tqukm6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339325</id>
      <parentid>339324</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Unicode_data/names/000]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339324</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="131" sha1="km6arqw8ubsy7lrpiji3g8u43tqukm6" xml:space="preserve">-- [[commons:Data:Unicode data/names/000.tab]]
return require(&quot;Module:Unicode data/datasets&quot;).dataset(&quot;Unicode data/names/000.tab&quot;)</text>
      <sha1>km6arqw8ubsy7lrpiji3g8u43tqukm6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Down-arrow</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69797</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339326</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-28T11:37:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;GhostInTheMachine</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>own documentation</comment>
      <origin>339326</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="dlhpr5wspwdtbmj0zygq2dzvpr5bfn3" xml:space="preserve">↓&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dlhpr5wspwdtbmj0zygq2dzvpr5bfn3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339327</id>
      <parentid>339326</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Down-arrow]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339326</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="dlhpr5wspwdtbmj0zygq2dzvpr5bfn3" xml:space="preserve">↓&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dlhpr5wspwdtbmj0zygq2dzvpr5bfn3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Up-arrow</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69798</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339328</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-28T11:37:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;GhostInTheMachine</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>own documentation</comment>
      <origin>339328</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="7ymdqeyq8018ctpmku8qcis48xsn8t0" xml:space="preserve">↑&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7ymdqeyq8018ctpmku8qcis48xsn8t0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339329</id>
      <parentid>339328</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Up-arrow]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339328</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="7ymdqeyq8018ctpmku8qcis48xsn8t0" xml:space="preserve">↑&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7ymdqeyq8018ctpmku8qcis48xsn8t0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Arrow</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69799</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339336</id>
      <timestamp>2025-08-26T08:23:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Primefac</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undid revision [[Special:Diff/1307894843|1307894843]] by [[Special:Contributions/Sapphaline|Sapphaline]] ([[User talk:Sapphaline|talk]]) I'm fine discussing this further on the talk page, but there are many other uses for arrows other than these options</comment>
      <origin>339336</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1888" sha1="rhrzh3x5o7o9ve10dbkpz6wwokq5gi4" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1|}}}
|green = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|right}}}}}
 |right = [[File:Go-next.svg|15px|alt=→]]
 |left = [[File:Go-previous.svg|15px|alt=←]]
 |up = [[File:Go-up.svg|15px|alt=↑]]
 |down = [[File:Go-down.svg|15px|alt=↓]]
 }}
|purple = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|right}}}}}
 |right = [[File:Go-next-purple.svg|15px|alt=→]]
 |left = [[File:Go-next-purple-left.svg|15px|alt=↓]]
 }}
|grey = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|right}}}}}
 |right = [[File:Right-grey.svg|15px|alt=→]]
 |left = [[File:Left-grey.svg|15px|alt=←]]
 |up = [[File:Up-grey.svg|15px|alt=↑]]
 |down = [[File:Down-grey.svg|15px|alt=↓]]
 }}
|red = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|right}}}}}
 |right = [[File:Go-next-red.svg|15px|alt=→]]
 |left = &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;←&lt;/span&gt;
 |up = [[File:PES-Red-Arrow.svg|15px|alt=↑]]
 |down = [[File:RedDownArrow.svg|15px|alt=↓]]
 }}
|orange = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|right}}}}}
 |right = [[File:Human-go-next.svg|15px|alt=→]]
 |left = [[File:Human-go-previous.svg|15px|alt=←]]
 |up = [[File:Human-go-up.svg|15px|alt=↑]]
 |down = [[File:Human-go-down.svg|15px|alt=↓]]
 }}
|blue = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|right}}}}}
 |right = [[File:Gnome-go-next.svg|15px|alt=→]]
 |left = [[File:Gnome-go-previous.svg|15px|alt=←]]
 |up = [[File:Gnome-go-up.svg|15px|alt=↑]]
 |down = [[File:Gnome-go-down.svg|15px|alt=↓]]
 }}
|white = &amp;#x2B04;
|#default = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|{{{1|right}}}}}}}}
 |r|right = →
 |l|left = ←
 |u|up = ↑
 |d|down = ↓
 |lightblue-right|lightblue|light-blue|light_blue = [[File:Flecha tesela.svg|15px|link=|alt=→]]
 |turquoise-right|turquoise = [[File:Arrow green.svg|15px|link=|alt=→]]
 |right-left|right/left|r/l|r-l = ↔
 |h|horizontal = &lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Please specify right (→) or left (←)&lt;/span&gt;
 |v|vertical = &lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Please specify up (↑) or down (↓)&lt;/span&gt;
 |#default = →
 }}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rhrzh3x5o7o9ve10dbkpz6wwokq5gi4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339337</id>
      <parentid>339336</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Arrow]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339336</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1888" sha1="rhrzh3x5o7o9ve10dbkpz6wwokq5gi4" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:{{{1|}}}
|green = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|right}}}}}
 |right = [[File:Go-next.svg|15px|alt=→]]
 |left = [[File:Go-previous.svg|15px|alt=←]]
 |up = [[File:Go-up.svg|15px|alt=↑]]
 |down = [[File:Go-down.svg|15px|alt=↓]]
 }}
|purple = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|right}}}}}
 |right = [[File:Go-next-purple.svg|15px|alt=→]]
 |left = [[File:Go-next-purple-left.svg|15px|alt=↓]]
 }}
|grey = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|right}}}}}
 |right = [[File:Right-grey.svg|15px|alt=→]]
 |left = [[File:Left-grey.svg|15px|alt=←]]
 |up = [[File:Up-grey.svg|15px|alt=↑]]
 |down = [[File:Down-grey.svg|15px|alt=↓]]
 }}
|red = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|right}}}}}
 |right = [[File:Go-next-red.svg|15px|alt=→]]
 |left = &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;←&lt;/span&gt;
 |up = [[File:PES-Red-Arrow.svg|15px|alt=↑]]
 |down = [[File:RedDownArrow.svg|15px|alt=↓]]
 }}
|orange = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|right}}}}}
 |right = [[File:Human-go-next.svg|15px|alt=→]]
 |left = [[File:Human-go-previous.svg|15px|alt=←]]
 |up = [[File:Human-go-up.svg|15px|alt=↑]]
 |down = [[File:Human-go-down.svg|15px|alt=↓]]
 }}
|blue = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{2|right}}}}}
 |right = [[File:Gnome-go-next.svg|15px|alt=→]]
 |left = [[File:Gnome-go-previous.svg|15px|alt=←]]
 |up = [[File:Gnome-go-up.svg|15px|alt=↑]]
 |down = [[File:Gnome-go-down.svg|15px|alt=↓]]
 }}
|white = &amp;#x2B04;
|#default = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|{{{1|right}}}}}}}}
 |r|right = →
 |l|left = ←
 |u|up = ↑
 |d|down = ↓
 |lightblue-right|lightblue|light-blue|light_blue = [[File:Flecha tesela.svg|15px|link=|alt=→]]
 |turquoise-right|turquoise = [[File:Arrow green.svg|15px|link=|alt=→]]
 |right-left|right/left|r/l|r-l = ↔
 |h|horizontal = &lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Please specify right (→) or left (←)&lt;/span&gt;
 |v|vertical = &lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Please specify up (↑) or down (↓)&lt;/span&gt;
 |#default = →
 }}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rhrzh3x5o7o9ve10dbkpz6wwokq5gi4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Template data header</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69800</id>
    <redirect title="Template:TemplateData header" />
    <revision>
      <id>339342</id>
      <timestamp>2021-10-05T19:29:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;MusikBot II</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Template:Template data header]]&quot;: [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]]: 331 transclusions ([[User:MusikBot II/TemplateProtector|more info]]) ([Edit=Require autoconfirmed or confirmed access] (indefinite))</comment>
      <origin>339342</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42" sha1="4f5j00d4fbzl99id7id41c4xn7tyk03" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:TemplateData header]]</text>
      <sha1>4f5j00d4fbzl99id7id41c4xn7tyk03</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339343</id>
      <parentid>339342</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Template_data_header]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339342</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42" sha1="4f5j00d4fbzl99id7id41c4xn7tyk03" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:TemplateData header]]</text>
      <sha1>4f5j00d4fbzl99id7id41c4xn7tyk03</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Number sign/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69801</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339344</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T11:28:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;GhostInTheMachine</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ {{Accessible symbols table}}</comment>
      <origin>339344</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="857" sha1="pnjn8eie48g43fdhf5g5juhczo7ctdb" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --&gt;
{{tsh|hash}}

{{Hatnote|For [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)#Forbidden characters|technical reasons]], &quot;Template:#&quot; does not work and will result in error: &quot;bad title&quot;.}}

== Usage ==
It generates a [[number sign]] {{unichar|0023|Number sign|html=|nlink=}}. It can be used in templates.

==Template Data==
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{sandbox other||
&lt;!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --&gt;
[[Category:Character-substitution templates]]
[[Category:Template namespace templates]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
{{template data header}}
&lt;templatedata&gt;
{
	&quot;params&quot;: {},
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;block&quot;
}
&lt;/templatedata&gt;

{{Accessible symbols table}}

== See also ==
* [[Template:Hash-tag]]
* [[Template:Asterisk]]</text>
      <sha1>pnjn8eie48g43fdhf5g5juhczo7ctdb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339345</id>
      <parentid>339344</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Number_sign/doc]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339344</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="857" sha1="pnjn8eie48g43fdhf5g5juhczo7ctdb" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
&lt;!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --&gt;
{{tsh|hash}}

{{Hatnote|For [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)#Forbidden characters|technical reasons]], &quot;Template:#&quot; does not work and will result in error: &quot;bad title&quot;.}}

== Usage ==
It generates a [[number sign]] {{unichar|0023|Number sign|html=|nlink=}}. It can be used in templates.

==Template Data==
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{sandbox other||
&lt;!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --&gt;
[[Category:Character-substitution templates]]
[[Category:Template namespace templates]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
{{template data header}}
&lt;templatedata&gt;
{
	&quot;params&quot;: {},
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;block&quot;
}
&lt;/templatedata&gt;

{{Accessible symbols table}}

== See also ==
* [[Template:Hash-tag]]
* [[Template:Asterisk]]</text>
      <sha1>pnjn8eie48g43fdhf5g5juhczo7ctdb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Shortcut/styles.css</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>69802</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339346</id>
      <timestamp>2025-10-03T21:27:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Izno</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>shorterhand padding</comment>
      <origin>339346</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="774" sha1="iy0abv0s7wkq06bjcild5vh6fo8vjrr" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}} */
.module-shortcutboxplain {
	float: right;
	margin: 0 0 0 1em;
	border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);
	background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff);
	padding: 0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;
	text-align: center;
	font-size: 85%;
}

.module-shortcutboxleft {
	float: left;
	margin: 0 1em 0 0;
}

.module-shortcutlist {
	display: inline-block;
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);
	margin-bottom: 0.2em;
}

.module-shortcutboxplain ul {
	font-weight: bold;
}

.module-shortcutanchordiv {
	position: relative;
	top: -3em;
}

li .module-shortcutanchordiv {
	float: right; /* IE/Edge in list items */
}

.mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain {
	padding: 0.4em 1em;
	line-height: 1.3;
	margin: 0;
	float: initial;
}</text>
      <sha1>iy0abv0s7wkq06bjcild5vh6fo8vjrr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339347</id>
      <parentid>339346</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Shortcut/styles.css]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339346</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="774" sha1="iy0abv0s7wkq06bjcild5vh6fo8vjrr" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}} */
.module-shortcutboxplain {
	float: right;
	margin: 0 0 0 1em;
	border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);
	background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff);
	padding: 0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;
	text-align: center;
	font-size: 85%;
}

.module-shortcutboxleft {
	float: left;
	margin: 0 1em 0 0;
}

.module-shortcutlist {
	display: inline-block;
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);
	margin-bottom: 0.2em;
}

.module-shortcutboxplain ul {
	font-weight: bold;
}

.module-shortcutanchordiv {
	position: relative;
	top: -3em;
}

li .module-shortcutanchordiv {
	float: right; /* IE/Edge in list items */
}

.mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain {
	padding: 0.4em 1em;
	line-height: 1.3;
	margin: 0;
	float: initial;
}</text>
      <sha1>iy0abv0s7wkq06bjcild5vh6fo8vjrr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Accessible symbols table</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69803</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339350</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-28T11:06:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;GhostInTheMachine</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>split the intro</comment>
      <origin>339350</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2891" sha1="3uv1lvvrumj65domwazb8mbudfvf0xt" xml:space="preserve">== Accessible symbols ==
Wikipedia previously provided templates that generated images with alt text for symbols not read by screen readers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Bohman | first = Paul | date=20 January 2014 | title = Why Don’t Screen Readers Always Read What’s on the Screen? Part 1: Punctuation and Typographic Symbols | url = https://www.deque.com/blog/dont-screen-readers-read-whats-screen-part-1-punctuation-typographic-symbols/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As of 2023,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title =  How screen readers read special characters: an update |date=  17 March 2023 | last = Ragas | first = Sophie | url = https://www.elevenways.be/en/articles/screenreaders-special-characters}}&lt;/ref&gt; the symbols in the table below will be read in the default configuration of all three major screen readers ([[JAWS (screen reader)|JAWS]], Apple's [[VoiceOver]] and [[NonVisual Desktop Access|NVDA]]).

Depending on user-configured verbosity settings, a reader may hear additional characters read aloud or fewer typographic or punctuation characters read aloud.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=How Screen Readers Make Digital Content Accessible | url=https://www.audioeye.com/post/what-is-a-screen-reader/ | author=AudioEye |date=14 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Accessible symbols for tables
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Symbol
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Pronounced as
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |HTML entity
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Template name
|-
| {{asterisk}}
|&quot;star&quot; or &quot;asterisk&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;ast;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|asterisk}}
|-
| {{dagger}}
|&quot;dagger&quot; or &quot;single dagger&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;dagger;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|dagger}}
|-
| {{double-dagger}}
|&quot;double dagger&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;Dagger;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|double-dagger}}
|-
| {{number sign}}
|&quot;number&quot; or &quot;hash tag&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;num;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|number sign}} or {{t|hash-tag}}
|-
| °
|&quot;degree&quot; or &quot;degrees&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;deg;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|degree}}
|-
| {{arrow}}
|&quot;right arrow&quot; or &quot;rightwards arrow&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|arrow}}
|-
| {{down-arrow}}
|&quot;down arrow&quot; or &quot;downwards arrow&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;darr;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|down-arrow}}
|-
| ←
|&quot;left arrow&quot; or &quot;leftwards arrow&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;larr;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|left-arrow}}
|-
| {{up-arrow}}
|&quot;up arrow&quot; or &quot;upwards arrow&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;uarr;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|up-arrow}}
|-
| {{prime}}
|&quot;prime&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;prime;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|prime}}
|}

=== Notes ===
&lt;references&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|content=
This is shared documentation for templates which insert single characters that are read aloud by &quot;most&quot; [[screen reader]]s.
}}
[[Category:Documentation see also templates|Symbols]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3uv1lvvrumj65domwazb8mbudfvf0xt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339351</id>
      <parentid>339350</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Accessible_symbols_table]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339350</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2891" sha1="3uv1lvvrumj65domwazb8mbudfvf0xt" xml:space="preserve">== Accessible symbols ==
Wikipedia previously provided templates that generated images with alt text for symbols not read by screen readers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Bohman | first = Paul | date=20 January 2014 | title = Why Don’t Screen Readers Always Read What’s on the Screen? Part 1: Punctuation and Typographic Symbols | url = https://www.deque.com/blog/dont-screen-readers-read-whats-screen-part-1-punctuation-typographic-symbols/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As of 2023,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title =  How screen readers read special characters: an update |date=  17 March 2023 | last = Ragas | first = Sophie | url = https://www.elevenways.be/en/articles/screenreaders-special-characters}}&lt;/ref&gt; the symbols in the table below will be read in the default configuration of all three major screen readers ([[JAWS (screen reader)|JAWS]], Apple's [[VoiceOver]] and [[NonVisual Desktop Access|NVDA]]).

Depending on user-configured verbosity settings, a reader may hear additional characters read aloud or fewer typographic or punctuation characters read aloud.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=How Screen Readers Make Digital Content Accessible | url=https://www.audioeye.com/post/what-is-a-screen-reader/ | author=AudioEye |date=14 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Accessible symbols for tables
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Symbol
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Pronounced as
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |HTML entity
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Template name
|-
| {{asterisk}}
|&quot;star&quot; or &quot;asterisk&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;ast;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|asterisk}}
|-
| {{dagger}}
|&quot;dagger&quot; or &quot;single dagger&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;dagger;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|dagger}}
|-
| {{double-dagger}}
|&quot;double dagger&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;Dagger;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|double-dagger}}
|-
| {{number sign}}
|&quot;number&quot; or &quot;hash tag&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;num;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|number sign}} or {{t|hash-tag}}
|-
| °
|&quot;degree&quot; or &quot;degrees&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;deg;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|degree}}
|-
| {{arrow}}
|&quot;right arrow&quot; or &quot;rightwards arrow&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|arrow}}
|-
| {{down-arrow}}
|&quot;down arrow&quot; or &quot;downwards arrow&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;darr;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|down-arrow}}
|-
| ←
|&quot;left arrow&quot; or &quot;leftwards arrow&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;larr;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|left-arrow}}
|-
| {{up-arrow}}
|&quot;up arrow&quot; or &quot;upwards arrow&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;uarr;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|up-arrow}}
|-
| {{prime}}
|&quot;prime&quot;
|&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;html&quot; inline&gt;&amp;prime;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
|{{t|prime}}
|}

=== Notes ===
&lt;references&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation|content=
This is shared documentation for templates which insert single characters that are read aloud by &quot;most&quot; [[screen reader]]s.
}}
[[Category:Documentation see also templates|Symbols]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3uv1lvvrumj65domwazb8mbudfvf0xt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Protected page</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>69804</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339352</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-30T17:24:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Primefac</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>update /config call</comment>
      <origin>339352</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="27068" sha1="p8ryzquso3eyufqyguwh2oyqz5eu1l6" xml:space="preserve">-- This module implements {{pp-meta}} and its daughter templates such as
-- {{pp-dispute}}, {{pp-vandalism}} and {{pp-sock}}.

-- Initialise necessary modules.
require('strict')
local makeFileLink = require('Module:File link')._main
local effectiveProtectionLevel = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main
local effectiveProtectionExpiry = require('Module:Effective protection expiry')._main
local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')

-- Lazily initialise modules and objects we don't always need.
local getArgs, makeMessageBox, lang

-- Set constants.
local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Protected page/config'

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort)
	if cat then
		return string.format(
			'[[%s:%s|%s]]',
			mw.site.namespaces[14].name,
			cat,
			sort
		)
	end
end

-- Validation function for the expiry and the protection date
local function validateDate(dateString, dateType)
	if not lang then
		lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	end
	local success, result = pcall(lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', dateString)
	if success then
		result = tonumber(result)
		if result then
			return result
		end
	end
	error(string.format(
		'invalid %s: %s',
		dateType,
		tostring(dateString)
	), 4)
end

local function makeFullUrl(page, query, display)
	return string.format(
		'[%s %s]',
		tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(page, query)),
		display
	)
end

-- Given a directed graph formatted as node -&gt; table of direct successors,
-- get a table of all nodes reachable from a given node (though always
-- including the given node).
local function getReachableNodes(graph, start)
	local toWalk, retval = {[start] = true}, {}
	while true do
		-- Can't use pairs() since we're adding and removing things as we're iterating
		local k = next(toWalk) -- This always gets the &quot;first&quot; key
		if k == nil then
			return retval
		end
		toWalk[k] = nil
		retval[k] = true
		for _,v in ipairs(graph[k]) do
			if not retval[v] then
				toWalk[v] = true
			end
		end
	end
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Protection = {}
Protection.__index = Protection

Protection.supportedActions = {
	edit = true,
	move = true,
	autoreview = true,
	upload = true
}

Protection.bannerConfigFields = {
	'text',
	'explanation',
	'tooltip',
	'alt',
	'link',
	'image'
}

function Protection.new(args, cfg, title)
	local obj = {}
	obj._cfg = cfg
	obj.title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle()

	-- Set action
	if not args.action then
		obj.action = 'edit'
	elseif Protection.supportedActions[args.action] then
		obj.action = args.action
	else
		error(string.format(
			'invalid action: %s',
			tostring(args.action)
		), 3)
	end

	-- Set level
	obj.level = args.demolevel or effectiveProtectionLevel(obj.action, obj.title)
	if not obj.level or (obj.action == 'move' and obj.level == 'autoconfirmed') then
		-- Users need to be autoconfirmed to move pages anyway, so treat
		-- semi-move-protected pages as unprotected.
		obj.level = '*'
	end

	-- Set expiry
	local effectiveExpiry = effectiveProtectionExpiry(obj.action, obj.title)
	if effectiveExpiry == 'infinity' then
		obj.expiry = 'indef'
	elseif effectiveExpiry ~= 'unknown' then
		obj.expiry = validateDate(effectiveExpiry, 'expiry date')
	end

	-- Set reason
	if args[1] then
		obj.reason = mw.ustring.lower(args[1])
		if obj.reason:find('|') then
			error('reasons cannot contain the pipe character (&quot;|&quot;)', 3)
		end
	end

	-- Set protection date
	if args.date then
		obj.protectionDate = validateDate(args.date, 'protection date')
	end
	
	-- Set banner config
	do
		obj.bannerConfig = {}
		local configTables = {}
		if cfg.banners[obj.action] then
			configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.banners[obj.action][obj.reason]
		end
		if cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action] then
			configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action][obj.level]
			configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action].default
		end
		configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.masterBanner
		for i, field in ipairs(Protection.bannerConfigFields) do
			for j, t in ipairs(configTables) do
				if t[field] then
					obj.bannerConfig[field] = t[field]
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return setmetatable(obj, Protection)
end

function Protection:isUserScript()
	-- Whether the page is a user JavaScript or CSS page.
	local title = self.title
	return title.namespace == 2 and (
		title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css'
	)
end

function Protection:isProtected()
	return self.level ~= '*'
end

function Protection:shouldShowLock()
	-- Whether we should output a banner/padlock
	return self:isProtected() and not self:isUserScript()
end

-- Whether this page needs a protection category.
Protection.shouldHaveProtectionCategory = Protection.shouldShowLock

function Protection:isTemporary()
	return type(self.expiry) == 'number'
end

function Protection:makeProtectionCategory()
	if not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() then
		return ''
	end

	local cfg = self._cfg
	local title = self.title
	
	-- Get the expiry key fragment.
	local expiryFragment
	if self.expiry == 'indef' then
		expiryFragment = self.expiry
	elseif type(self.expiry) == 'number' then
		expiryFragment = 'temp'
	end

	-- Get the namespace key fragment.
	local namespaceFragment = cfg.categoryNamespaceKeys[title.namespace]
	if not namespaceFragment and title.namespace % 2 == 1 then
			namespaceFragment = 'talk'
	end

	-- Define the order that key fragments are tested in. This is done with an
	-- array of tables containing the value to be tested, along with its
	-- position in the cfg.protectionCategories table.
	local order = {
		{val = expiryFragment,    keypos = 1},
		{val = namespaceFragment, keypos = 2},
		{val = self.reason,       keypos = 3},
		{val = self.level,        keypos = 4},
		{val = self.action,       keypos = 5}
	}

	--[[
	-- The old protection templates used an ad-hoc protection category system,
	-- with some templates prioritising namespaces in their categories, and
	-- others prioritising the protection reason. To emulate this in this module
	-- we use the config table cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority to set the
	-- reasons for which namespaces have priority over protection reason.
	-- If we are dealing with one of those reasons, move the namespace table to
	-- the end of the order table, i.e. give it highest priority. If not, the
	-- reason should have highest priority, so move that to the end of the table
	-- instead.
	--]]
	table.insert(order, table.remove(order, self.reason and cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority[self.reason] and 2 or 3))
 
	--[[
	-- Define the attempt order. Inactive subtables (subtables with nil &quot;value&quot;
	-- fields) are moved to the end, where they will later be given the key
	-- &quot;all&quot;. This is to cut down on the number of table lookups in
	-- cfg.protectionCategories, which grows exponentially with the number of
	-- non-nil keys. We keep track of the number of active subtables with the
	-- noActive parameter.
	--]]
	local noActive, attemptOrder
	do
		local active, inactive = {}, {}
		for i, t in ipairs(order) do
			if t.val then
				active[#active + 1] = t
			else
				inactive[#inactive + 1] = t
			end
		end
		noActive = #active
		attemptOrder = active
		for i, t in ipairs(inactive) do
			attemptOrder[#attemptOrder + 1] = t
		end
	end
 
	--[[
	-- Check increasingly generic key combinations until we find a match. If a
	-- specific category exists for the combination of key fragments we are
	-- given, that match will be found first. If not, we keep trying different
	-- key fragment combinations until we match using the key
	-- &quot;all-all-all-all-all&quot;.
	--
	-- To generate the keys, we index the key subtables using a binary matrix
	-- with indexes i and j. j is only calculated up to the number of active
	-- subtables. For example, if there were three active subtables, the matrix
	-- would look like this, with 0 corresponding to the key fragment &quot;all&quot;, and
	-- 1 corresponding to other key fragments.
	-- 
	--   j 1  2  3
	-- i  
	-- 1   1  1  1
	-- 2   0  1  1
	-- 3   1  0  1
	-- 4   0  0  1
	-- 5   1  1  0
	-- 6   0  1  0
	-- 7   1  0  0
	-- 8   0  0  0
	-- 
	-- Values of j higher than the number of active subtables are set
	-- to the string &quot;all&quot;.
	--
	-- A key for cfg.protectionCategories is constructed for each value of i.
	-- The position of the value in the key is determined by the keypos field in
	-- each subtable.
	--]]
	local cats = cfg.protectionCategories
	for i = 1, 2^noActive do
		local key = {}
		for j, t in ipairs(attemptOrder) do
			if j &gt; noActive then
				key[t.keypos] = 'all'
			else
				local quotient = i / 2 ^ (j - 1)
				quotient = math.ceil(quotient)
				if quotient % 2 == 1 then
					key[t.keypos] = t.val
				else
					key[t.keypos] = 'all'
				end
			end
		end
		key = table.concat(key, '|')
		local attempt = cats[key]
		if attempt then
			return makeCategoryLink(attempt, title.text)
		end
	end
	return ''
end

function Protection:isIncorrect()
	if not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() then
		return true
	end
	if type(self.expiry) ~= 'number' then
		return false
	end
	local expiry = os.date('*t', self.expiry)
	-- Avoid checking today.day or os.time(), unless close. https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416616
	local today = os.date('*t')
	return (expiry.year &lt; today.year)
		or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month &lt; today.month)
		or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month == today.month and expiry.day &lt; today.day)
		or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month == today.month and expiry.day == today.day and self.expiry &lt; os.time())
end

function Protection:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate()
	local action, namespace = self.action, self.title.namespace
	return self.level == 'templateeditor'
		and (
			(action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move')
			or (namespace ~= 10 and namespace ~= 828)
		)
end

function Protection:makeCategoryLinks()
	local msg = self._cfg.msg
	local ret = {self:makeProtectionCategory()}
	if self:isIncorrect() then
		ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink(
			msg['tracking-category-incorrect'],
			self.title.text
		)
	end
	if self:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() then
		ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink(
			msg['tracking-category-template'],
			self.title.text
		)
	end
	return table.concat(ret)
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Blurb class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Blurb = {}
Blurb.__index = Blurb

Blurb.bannerTextFields = {
	text = true,
	explanation = true,
	tooltip = true,
	alt = true,
	link = true
}

function Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg)
	return setmetatable({
		_cfg = cfg,
		_protectionObj = protectionObj,
		_args = args
	}, Blurb)
end

-- Private methods --

function Blurb:_formatDate(num)
	-- Formats a Unix timestamp into dd Month, YYYY format.
	lang = lang or mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	local success, date = pcall(
		lang.formatDate,
		lang,
		self._cfg.msg['expiry-date-format'] or 'j F Y',
		'@' .. tostring(num)
	)
	if success then
		return date
	end
end

function Blurb:_getExpandedMessage(msgKey)
	return self:_substituteParameters(self._cfg.msg[msgKey])
end

function Blurb:_substituteParameters(msg)
	if not self._params then
		local parameterFuncs = {}

		parameterFuncs.CURRENTVERSION     = self._makeCurrentVersionParameter
		parameterFuncs.EDITREQUEST        = self._makeEditRequestParameter
		parameterFuncs.EXPIRY             = self._makeExpiryParameter
		parameterFuncs.EXPLANATIONBLURB   = self._makeExplanationBlurbParameter
		parameterFuncs.IMAGELINK          = self._makeImageLinkParameter
		parameterFuncs.INTROBLURB         = self._makeIntroBlurbParameter
		parameterFuncs.INTROFRAGMENT      = self._makeIntroFragmentParameter
		parameterFuncs.PAGETYPE           = self._makePagetypeParameter
		parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONBLURB    = self._makeProtectionBlurbParameter
		parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONDATE     = self._makeProtectionDateParameter
		parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLEVEL    = self._makeProtectionLevelParameter
		parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLOG      = self._makeProtectionLogParameter
		parameterFuncs.TALKPAGE           = self._makeTalkPageParameter
		parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPBLURB       = self._makeTooltipBlurbParameter
		parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPFRAGMENT    = self._makeTooltipFragmentParameter
		parameterFuncs.VANDAL             = self._makeVandalTemplateParameter
		
		self._params = setmetatable({}, {
			__index = function (t, k)
				local param
				if parameterFuncs[k] then
					param = parameterFuncs[k](self)
				end
				param = param or ''
				t[k] = param
				return param
			end
		})
	end
	
	msg = msg:gsub('${(%u+)}', self._params)
	return msg
end

function Blurb:_makeCurrentVersionParameter()
	-- A link to the page history or the move log, depending on the kind of
	-- protection.
	local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText
	if self._protectionObj.action == 'move' then
		-- We need the move log link.
		return makeFullUrl(
			'Special:Log',
			{type = 'move', page = pagename},
			self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-move-display')
		)
	else
		-- We need the history link.
		return makeFullUrl(
			pagename,
			{action = 'history'},
			self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-edit-display')
		)
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeEditRequestParameter()
	local mEditRequest = require('Module:Submit an edit request')
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	
	-- Get the edit request type.
	local requestType
	if action == 'edit' then
		if level == 'autoconfirmed' then
			requestType = 'semi'
		elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then
			requestType = 'extended'
		elseif level == 'templateeditor' then
			requestType = 'template'
		end
	end
	requestType = requestType or 'full'
	
	-- Get the display value.
	local display = self:_getExpandedMessage('edit-request-display')

	return mEditRequest._link{type = requestType, display = display}
end

function Blurb:_makeExpiryParameter()
	local expiry = self._protectionObj.expiry
	if type(expiry) == 'number' then
		return self:_formatDate(expiry)
	else
		return expiry
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeExplanationBlurbParameter()
	-- Cover special cases first.
	if self._protectionObj.title.namespace == 8 then
		-- MediaWiki namespace
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('explanation-blurb-nounprotect')
	end

	-- Get explanation blurb table keys
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	local talkKey = self._protectionObj.title.isTalkPage and 'talk' or 'subject'

	-- Find the message in the explanation blurb table and substitute any
	-- parameters.
	local explanations = self._cfg.explanationBlurbs
	local msg
	if explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level][talkKey] then
		msg = explanations[action][level][talkKey]
	elseif explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level].default then
		msg = explanations[action][level].default
	elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default[talkKey] then
		msg = explanations[action].default[talkKey]
	elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default.default then
		msg = explanations[action].default.default
	else
		error(string.format(
			'could not find explanation blurb for action &quot;%s&quot;, level &quot;%s&quot; and talk key &quot;%s&quot;',
			action,
			level,
			talkKey
		), 8)
	end
	return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
end

function Blurb:_makeImageLinkParameter()
	local imageLinks = self._cfg.imageLinks
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	local msg
	if imageLinks[action][level] then
		msg = imageLinks[action][level]
	elseif imageLinks[action].default then
		msg = imageLinks[action].default
	else
		msg = imageLinks.edit.default
	end
	return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
end

function Blurb:_makeIntroBlurbParameter()
	if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-expiry')
	else
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-noexpiry')
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeIntroFragmentParameter()
	if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-expiry')
	else
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-noexpiry')
	end
end

function Blurb:_makePagetypeParameter()
	local pagetypes = self._cfg.pagetypes
	return pagetypes[self._protectionObj.title.namespace]
		or pagetypes.default
		or error('no default pagetype defined', 8)
end

function Blurb:_makeProtectionBlurbParameter()
	local protectionBlurbs = self._cfg.protectionBlurbs
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	local msg
	if protectionBlurbs[action][level] then
		msg = protectionBlurbs[action][level]
	elseif protectionBlurbs[action].default then
		msg = protectionBlurbs[action].default
	elseif protectionBlurbs.edit.default then
		msg = protectionBlurbs.edit.default
	else
		error('no protection blurb defined for protectionBlurbs.edit.default', 8)
	end
	return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
end

function Blurb:_makeProtectionDateParameter()
	local protectionDate = self._protectionObj.protectionDate
	if type(protectionDate) == 'number' then
		return self:_formatDate(protectionDate)
	else
		return protectionDate
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeProtectionLevelParameter()
	local protectionLevels = self._cfg.protectionLevels
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	local msg
	if protectionLevels[action][level] then
		msg = protectionLevels[action][level]
	elseif protectionLevels[action].default then
		msg = protectionLevels[action].default
	elseif protectionLevels.edit.default then
		msg = protectionLevels.edit.default
	else
		error('no protection level defined for protectionLevels.edit.default', 8)
	end
	return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
end

function Blurb:_makeProtectionLogParameter()
	local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText
	if self._protectionObj.action == 'autoreview' then
		-- We need the pending changes log.
		return makeFullUrl(
			'Special:Log',
			{type = 'stable', page = pagename},
			self:_getExpandedMessage('pc-log-display')
		)
	else
		-- We need the protection log.
		return makeFullUrl(
			'Special:Log',
			{type = 'protect', page = pagename},
			self:_getExpandedMessage('protection-log-display')
		)
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeTalkPageParameter()
	return string.format(
		'[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]',
		mw.site.namespaces[self._protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name,
		self._protectionObj.title.text,
		self._args.section or 'top',
		self:_getExpandedMessage('talk-page-link-display')
	)
end

function Blurb:_makeTooltipBlurbParameter()
	if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-expiry')
	else
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-noexpiry')
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeTooltipFragmentParameter()
	if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-expiry')
	else
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-noexpiry')
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeVandalTemplateParameter()
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{
		title=&quot;vandal-m&quot;,
		args={self._args.user or self._protectionObj.title.baseText}
	}
end

-- Public methods --

function Blurb:makeBannerText(key)
	-- Validate input.
	if not key or not Blurb.bannerTextFields[key] then
		error(string.format(
			'&quot;%s&quot; is not a valid banner config field',
			tostring(key)
		), 2)
	end

	-- Generate the text.
	local msg = self._protectionObj.bannerConfig[key]
	if type(msg) == 'string' then
		return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
	elseif type(msg) == 'function' then
		msg = msg(self._protectionObj, self._args)
		if type(msg) ~= 'string' then
			error(string.format(
				'bad output from banner config function with key &quot;%s&quot;'
					.. ' (expected string, got %s)',
				tostring(key),
				type(msg)
			), 4)
		end
		return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
	end
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- BannerTemplate class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local BannerTemplate = {}
BannerTemplate.__index = BannerTemplate

function BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg)
	local obj = {}
	obj._cfg = cfg

	-- Set the image filename.
	local imageFilename = protectionObj.bannerConfig.image
	if imageFilename then
		obj._imageFilename = imageFilename
	else
		-- If an image filename isn't specified explicitly in the banner config,
		-- generate it from the protection status and the namespace.
		local action = protectionObj.action
		local level = protectionObj.level
		local namespace = protectionObj.title.namespace
		local reason = protectionObj.reason
		
		-- Deal with special cases first.
		if (
			namespace == 10
			or namespace == 828
			or reason and obj._cfg.indefImageReasons[reason]
			)
			and action == 'edit'
			and level == 'sysop'
			and not protectionObj:isTemporary()
		then
			-- Fully protected modules and templates get the special red &quot;indef&quot;
			-- padlock.
			obj._imageFilename = obj._cfg.msg['image-filename-indef']
		else
			-- Deal with regular protection types.
			local images = obj._cfg.images
			if images[action] then
				if images[action][level] then
					obj._imageFilename = images[action][level]
				elseif images[action].default then
					obj._imageFilename = images[action].default
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return setmetatable(obj, BannerTemplate)
end

function BannerTemplate:renderImage()
	local filename = self._imageFilename
		or self._cfg.msg['image-filename-default']
		or 'Transparent.gif'
	return makeFileLink{
		file = filename,
		size = (self.imageWidth or 20) .. 'px',
		alt = self._imageAlt,
		link = self._imageLink,
		caption = self.imageCaption
	}
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Banner class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Banner = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate)
Banner.__index = Banner

function Banner.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg)
	local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb.
	obj.imageWidth = 40
	obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') -- Large banners use the alt text for the tooltip.
	obj._reasonText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('text')
	obj._explanationText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('explanation')
	obj._page = protectionObj.title.prefixedText -- Only makes a difference in testing.
	return setmetatable(obj, Banner)
end

function Banner:__tostring()
	-- Renders the banner.
	makeMessageBox = makeMessageBox or require('Module:Message box').main
	local reasonText = self._reasonText or error('no reason text set', 2)
	local explanationText = self._explanationText
	local mbargs = {
		page = self._page,
		type = 'protection',
		image = self:renderImage(),
		text = string.format(
			&quot;'''%s'''%s&quot;,
			reasonText,
			explanationText and '&lt;br /&gt;' .. explanationText or ''
		)
	}
	return makeMessageBox('mbox', mbargs)
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Padlock class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Padlock = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate)
Padlock.__index = Padlock

function Padlock.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg)
	local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb.
	obj.imageWidth = 20
	obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('tooltip')
	obj._imageAlt = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt')
	obj._imageLink = blurbObj:makeBannerText('link')
	obj._indicatorName = cfg.padlockIndicatorNames[protectionObj.action]
		or cfg.padlockIndicatorNames.default
		or 'pp-default'
	return setmetatable(obj, Padlock)
end

function Padlock:__tostring()
	local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()
	-- The nowiki tag helps prevent whitespace at the top of articles.
	return frame:extensionTag{name = 'nowiki'} .. frame:extensionTag{
		name = 'indicator',
		args = {name = self._indicatorName},
		content = self:renderImage()
	}
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Exports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local p = {}

function p._exportClasses()
	-- This is used for testing purposes.
	return {
		Protection = Protection,
		Blurb = Blurb,
		BannerTemplate = BannerTemplate,
		Banner = Banner,
		Padlock = Padlock,
	}
end

function p._main(args, cfg, title)
	args = args or {}
	cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE)

	local protectionObj = Protection.new(args, cfg, title)

	local ret = {}

	-- If a page's edit protection is equally or more restrictive than its
	-- protection from some other action, then don't bother displaying anything
	-- for the other action (except categories).
	if not yesno(args.catonly) and (protectionObj.action == 'edit' or
		args.demolevel or
		not getReachableNodes(
			cfg.hierarchy,
			protectionObj.level
		)[effectiveProtectionLevel('edit', protectionObj.title)])
	then
		-- Initialise the blurb object
		local blurbObj = Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg)
	
		-- Render the banner
		if protectionObj:shouldShowLock() then
			ret[#ret + 1] = tostring(
				(yesno(args.small) and Padlock or Banner)
				.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg)
			)
		end
	end

	-- Render the categories
	if yesno(args.category) ~= false then
		ret[#ret + 1] = protectionObj:makeCategoryLinks()
	end
	
	-- For arbitration enforcement, flagging [[WP:PIA]] pages to enable [[Special:AbuseFilter/1339]] to flag edits to them
	if protectionObj.level == &quot;extendedconfirmed&quot; then
		if require(&quot;Module:TableTools&quot;).inArray(protectionObj.title.talkPageTitle.categories, &quot;Wikipedia pages subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict&quot;) then
			ret[#ret + 1] = &quot;&lt;p class='PIA-flag' style='display:none; visibility:hidden;' title='This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.'&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&quot;
		end
	end
	
	return table.concat(ret)	
end

function p.main(frame, cfg)
	cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE)

	-- Find default args, if any.
	local parent = frame.getParent and frame:getParent()
	local defaultArgs = parent and cfg.wrappers[parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '')]

	-- Find user args, and use the parent frame if we are being called from a
	-- wrapper template.
	getArgs = getArgs or require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
	local userArgs = getArgs(frame, {
		parentOnly = defaultArgs,
		frameOnly = not defaultArgs
	})

	-- Build the args table. User-specified args overwrite default args.
	local args = {}
	for k, v in pairs(defaultArgs or {}) do
		args[k] = v
	end
	for k, v in pairs(userArgs) do
		args[k] = v
	end
	return p._main(args, cfg)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>p8ryzquso3eyufqyguwh2oyqz5eu1l6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339353</id>
      <parentid>339352</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Protected_page]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339352</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="27068" sha1="p8ryzquso3eyufqyguwh2oyqz5eu1l6" xml:space="preserve">-- This module implements {{pp-meta}} and its daughter templates such as
-- {{pp-dispute}}, {{pp-vandalism}} and {{pp-sock}}.

-- Initialise necessary modules.
require('strict')
local makeFileLink = require('Module:File link')._main
local effectiveProtectionLevel = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main
local effectiveProtectionExpiry = require('Module:Effective protection expiry')._main
local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')

-- Lazily initialise modules and objects we don't always need.
local getArgs, makeMessageBox, lang

-- Set constants.
local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Protected page/config'

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Helper functions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort)
	if cat then
		return string.format(
			'[[%s:%s|%s]]',
			mw.site.namespaces[14].name,
			cat,
			sort
		)
	end
end

-- Validation function for the expiry and the protection date
local function validateDate(dateString, dateType)
	if not lang then
		lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	end
	local success, result = pcall(lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', dateString)
	if success then
		result = tonumber(result)
		if result then
			return result
		end
	end
	error(string.format(
		'invalid %s: %s',
		dateType,
		tostring(dateString)
	), 4)
end

local function makeFullUrl(page, query, display)
	return string.format(
		'[%s %s]',
		tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(page, query)),
		display
	)
end

-- Given a directed graph formatted as node -&gt; table of direct successors,
-- get a table of all nodes reachable from a given node (though always
-- including the given node).
local function getReachableNodes(graph, start)
	local toWalk, retval = {[start] = true}, {}
	while true do
		-- Can't use pairs() since we're adding and removing things as we're iterating
		local k = next(toWalk) -- This always gets the &quot;first&quot; key
		if k == nil then
			return retval
		end
		toWalk[k] = nil
		retval[k] = true
		for _,v in ipairs(graph[k]) do
			if not retval[v] then
				toWalk[v] = true
			end
		end
	end
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Protection = {}
Protection.__index = Protection

Protection.supportedActions = {
	edit = true,
	move = true,
	autoreview = true,
	upload = true
}

Protection.bannerConfigFields = {
	'text',
	'explanation',
	'tooltip',
	'alt',
	'link',
	'image'
}

function Protection.new(args, cfg, title)
	local obj = {}
	obj._cfg = cfg
	obj.title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle()

	-- Set action
	if not args.action then
		obj.action = 'edit'
	elseif Protection.supportedActions[args.action] then
		obj.action = args.action
	else
		error(string.format(
			'invalid action: %s',
			tostring(args.action)
		), 3)
	end

	-- Set level
	obj.level = args.demolevel or effectiveProtectionLevel(obj.action, obj.title)
	if not obj.level or (obj.action == 'move' and obj.level == 'autoconfirmed') then
		-- Users need to be autoconfirmed to move pages anyway, so treat
		-- semi-move-protected pages as unprotected.
		obj.level = '*'
	end

	-- Set expiry
	local effectiveExpiry = effectiveProtectionExpiry(obj.action, obj.title)
	if effectiveExpiry == 'infinity' then
		obj.expiry = 'indef'
	elseif effectiveExpiry ~= 'unknown' then
		obj.expiry = validateDate(effectiveExpiry, 'expiry date')
	end

	-- Set reason
	if args[1] then
		obj.reason = mw.ustring.lower(args[1])
		if obj.reason:find('|') then
			error('reasons cannot contain the pipe character (&quot;|&quot;)', 3)
		end
	end

	-- Set protection date
	if args.date then
		obj.protectionDate = validateDate(args.date, 'protection date')
	end
	
	-- Set banner config
	do
		obj.bannerConfig = {}
		local configTables = {}
		if cfg.banners[obj.action] then
			configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.banners[obj.action][obj.reason]
		end
		if cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action] then
			configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action][obj.level]
			configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action].default
		end
		configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.masterBanner
		for i, field in ipairs(Protection.bannerConfigFields) do
			for j, t in ipairs(configTables) do
				if t[field] then
					obj.bannerConfig[field] = t[field]
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return setmetatable(obj, Protection)
end

function Protection:isUserScript()
	-- Whether the page is a user JavaScript or CSS page.
	local title = self.title
	return title.namespace == 2 and (
		title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css'
	)
end

function Protection:isProtected()
	return self.level ~= '*'
end

function Protection:shouldShowLock()
	-- Whether we should output a banner/padlock
	return self:isProtected() and not self:isUserScript()
end

-- Whether this page needs a protection category.
Protection.shouldHaveProtectionCategory = Protection.shouldShowLock

function Protection:isTemporary()
	return type(self.expiry) == 'number'
end

function Protection:makeProtectionCategory()
	if not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() then
		return ''
	end

	local cfg = self._cfg
	local title = self.title
	
	-- Get the expiry key fragment.
	local expiryFragment
	if self.expiry == 'indef' then
		expiryFragment = self.expiry
	elseif type(self.expiry) == 'number' then
		expiryFragment = 'temp'
	end

	-- Get the namespace key fragment.
	local namespaceFragment = cfg.categoryNamespaceKeys[title.namespace]
	if not namespaceFragment and title.namespace % 2 == 1 then
			namespaceFragment = 'talk'
	end

	-- Define the order that key fragments are tested in. This is done with an
	-- array of tables containing the value to be tested, along with its
	-- position in the cfg.protectionCategories table.
	local order = {
		{val = expiryFragment,    keypos = 1},
		{val = namespaceFragment, keypos = 2},
		{val = self.reason,       keypos = 3},
		{val = self.level,        keypos = 4},
		{val = self.action,       keypos = 5}
	}

	--[[
	-- The old protection templates used an ad-hoc protection category system,
	-- with some templates prioritising namespaces in their categories, and
	-- others prioritising the protection reason. To emulate this in this module
	-- we use the config table cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority to set the
	-- reasons for which namespaces have priority over protection reason.
	-- If we are dealing with one of those reasons, move the namespace table to
	-- the end of the order table, i.e. give it highest priority. If not, the
	-- reason should have highest priority, so move that to the end of the table
	-- instead.
	--]]
	table.insert(order, table.remove(order, self.reason and cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority[self.reason] and 2 or 3))
 
	--[[
	-- Define the attempt order. Inactive subtables (subtables with nil &quot;value&quot;
	-- fields) are moved to the end, where they will later be given the key
	-- &quot;all&quot;. This is to cut down on the number of table lookups in
	-- cfg.protectionCategories, which grows exponentially with the number of
	-- non-nil keys. We keep track of the number of active subtables with the
	-- noActive parameter.
	--]]
	local noActive, attemptOrder
	do
		local active, inactive = {}, {}
		for i, t in ipairs(order) do
			if t.val then
				active[#active + 1] = t
			else
				inactive[#inactive + 1] = t
			end
		end
		noActive = #active
		attemptOrder = active
		for i, t in ipairs(inactive) do
			attemptOrder[#attemptOrder + 1] = t
		end
	end
 
	--[[
	-- Check increasingly generic key combinations until we find a match. If a
	-- specific category exists for the combination of key fragments we are
	-- given, that match will be found first. If not, we keep trying different
	-- key fragment combinations until we match using the key
	-- &quot;all-all-all-all-all&quot;.
	--
	-- To generate the keys, we index the key subtables using a binary matrix
	-- with indexes i and j. j is only calculated up to the number of active
	-- subtables. For example, if there were three active subtables, the matrix
	-- would look like this, with 0 corresponding to the key fragment &quot;all&quot;, and
	-- 1 corresponding to other key fragments.
	-- 
	--   j 1  2  3
	-- i  
	-- 1   1  1  1
	-- 2   0  1  1
	-- 3   1  0  1
	-- 4   0  0  1
	-- 5   1  1  0
	-- 6   0  1  0
	-- 7   1  0  0
	-- 8   0  0  0
	-- 
	-- Values of j higher than the number of active subtables are set
	-- to the string &quot;all&quot;.
	--
	-- A key for cfg.protectionCategories is constructed for each value of i.
	-- The position of the value in the key is determined by the keypos field in
	-- each subtable.
	--]]
	local cats = cfg.protectionCategories
	for i = 1, 2^noActive do
		local key = {}
		for j, t in ipairs(attemptOrder) do
			if j &gt; noActive then
				key[t.keypos] = 'all'
			else
				local quotient = i / 2 ^ (j - 1)
				quotient = math.ceil(quotient)
				if quotient % 2 == 1 then
					key[t.keypos] = t.val
				else
					key[t.keypos] = 'all'
				end
			end
		end
		key = table.concat(key, '|')
		local attempt = cats[key]
		if attempt then
			return makeCategoryLink(attempt, title.text)
		end
	end
	return ''
end

function Protection:isIncorrect()
	if not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() then
		return true
	end
	if type(self.expiry) ~= 'number' then
		return false
	end
	local expiry = os.date('*t', self.expiry)
	-- Avoid checking today.day or os.time(), unless close. https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416616
	local today = os.date('*t')
	return (expiry.year &lt; today.year)
		or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month &lt; today.month)
		or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month == today.month and expiry.day &lt; today.day)
		or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month == today.month and expiry.day == today.day and self.expiry &lt; os.time())
end

function Protection:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate()
	local action, namespace = self.action, self.title.namespace
	return self.level == 'templateeditor'
		and (
			(action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move')
			or (namespace ~= 10 and namespace ~= 828)
		)
end

function Protection:makeCategoryLinks()
	local msg = self._cfg.msg
	local ret = {self:makeProtectionCategory()}
	if self:isIncorrect() then
		ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink(
			msg['tracking-category-incorrect'],
			self.title.text
		)
	end
	if self:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() then
		ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink(
			msg['tracking-category-template'],
			self.title.text
		)
	end
	return table.concat(ret)
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Blurb class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Blurb = {}
Blurb.__index = Blurb

Blurb.bannerTextFields = {
	text = true,
	explanation = true,
	tooltip = true,
	alt = true,
	link = true
}

function Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg)
	return setmetatable({
		_cfg = cfg,
		_protectionObj = protectionObj,
		_args = args
	}, Blurb)
end

-- Private methods --

function Blurb:_formatDate(num)
	-- Formats a Unix timestamp into dd Month, YYYY format.
	lang = lang or mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	local success, date = pcall(
		lang.formatDate,
		lang,
		self._cfg.msg['expiry-date-format'] or 'j F Y',
		'@' .. tostring(num)
	)
	if success then
		return date
	end
end

function Blurb:_getExpandedMessage(msgKey)
	return self:_substituteParameters(self._cfg.msg[msgKey])
end

function Blurb:_substituteParameters(msg)
	if not self._params then
		local parameterFuncs = {}

		parameterFuncs.CURRENTVERSION     = self._makeCurrentVersionParameter
		parameterFuncs.EDITREQUEST        = self._makeEditRequestParameter
		parameterFuncs.EXPIRY             = self._makeExpiryParameter
		parameterFuncs.EXPLANATIONBLURB   = self._makeExplanationBlurbParameter
		parameterFuncs.IMAGELINK          = self._makeImageLinkParameter
		parameterFuncs.INTROBLURB         = self._makeIntroBlurbParameter
		parameterFuncs.INTROFRAGMENT      = self._makeIntroFragmentParameter
		parameterFuncs.PAGETYPE           = self._makePagetypeParameter
		parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONBLURB    = self._makeProtectionBlurbParameter
		parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONDATE     = self._makeProtectionDateParameter
		parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLEVEL    = self._makeProtectionLevelParameter
		parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLOG      = self._makeProtectionLogParameter
		parameterFuncs.TALKPAGE           = self._makeTalkPageParameter
		parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPBLURB       = self._makeTooltipBlurbParameter
		parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPFRAGMENT    = self._makeTooltipFragmentParameter
		parameterFuncs.VANDAL             = self._makeVandalTemplateParameter
		
		self._params = setmetatable({}, {
			__index = function (t, k)
				local param
				if parameterFuncs[k] then
					param = parameterFuncs[k](self)
				end
				param = param or ''
				t[k] = param
				return param
			end
		})
	end
	
	msg = msg:gsub('${(%u+)}', self._params)
	return msg
end

function Blurb:_makeCurrentVersionParameter()
	-- A link to the page history or the move log, depending on the kind of
	-- protection.
	local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText
	if self._protectionObj.action == 'move' then
		-- We need the move log link.
		return makeFullUrl(
			'Special:Log',
			{type = 'move', page = pagename},
			self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-move-display')
		)
	else
		-- We need the history link.
		return makeFullUrl(
			pagename,
			{action = 'history'},
			self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-edit-display')
		)
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeEditRequestParameter()
	local mEditRequest = require('Module:Submit an edit request')
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	
	-- Get the edit request type.
	local requestType
	if action == 'edit' then
		if level == 'autoconfirmed' then
			requestType = 'semi'
		elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then
			requestType = 'extended'
		elseif level == 'templateeditor' then
			requestType = 'template'
		end
	end
	requestType = requestType or 'full'
	
	-- Get the display value.
	local display = self:_getExpandedMessage('edit-request-display')

	return mEditRequest._link{type = requestType, display = display}
end

function Blurb:_makeExpiryParameter()
	local expiry = self._protectionObj.expiry
	if type(expiry) == 'number' then
		return self:_formatDate(expiry)
	else
		return expiry
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeExplanationBlurbParameter()
	-- Cover special cases first.
	if self._protectionObj.title.namespace == 8 then
		-- MediaWiki namespace
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('explanation-blurb-nounprotect')
	end

	-- Get explanation blurb table keys
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	local talkKey = self._protectionObj.title.isTalkPage and 'talk' or 'subject'

	-- Find the message in the explanation blurb table and substitute any
	-- parameters.
	local explanations = self._cfg.explanationBlurbs
	local msg
	if explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level][talkKey] then
		msg = explanations[action][level][talkKey]
	elseif explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level].default then
		msg = explanations[action][level].default
	elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default[talkKey] then
		msg = explanations[action].default[talkKey]
	elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default.default then
		msg = explanations[action].default.default
	else
		error(string.format(
			'could not find explanation blurb for action &quot;%s&quot;, level &quot;%s&quot; and talk key &quot;%s&quot;',
			action,
			level,
			talkKey
		), 8)
	end
	return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
end

function Blurb:_makeImageLinkParameter()
	local imageLinks = self._cfg.imageLinks
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	local msg
	if imageLinks[action][level] then
		msg = imageLinks[action][level]
	elseif imageLinks[action].default then
		msg = imageLinks[action].default
	else
		msg = imageLinks.edit.default
	end
	return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
end

function Blurb:_makeIntroBlurbParameter()
	if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-expiry')
	else
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-noexpiry')
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeIntroFragmentParameter()
	if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-expiry')
	else
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-noexpiry')
	end
end

function Blurb:_makePagetypeParameter()
	local pagetypes = self._cfg.pagetypes
	return pagetypes[self._protectionObj.title.namespace]
		or pagetypes.default
		or error('no default pagetype defined', 8)
end

function Blurb:_makeProtectionBlurbParameter()
	local protectionBlurbs = self._cfg.protectionBlurbs
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	local msg
	if protectionBlurbs[action][level] then
		msg = protectionBlurbs[action][level]
	elseif protectionBlurbs[action].default then
		msg = protectionBlurbs[action].default
	elseif protectionBlurbs.edit.default then
		msg = protectionBlurbs.edit.default
	else
		error('no protection blurb defined for protectionBlurbs.edit.default', 8)
	end
	return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
end

function Blurb:_makeProtectionDateParameter()
	local protectionDate = self._protectionObj.protectionDate
	if type(protectionDate) == 'number' then
		return self:_formatDate(protectionDate)
	else
		return protectionDate
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeProtectionLevelParameter()
	local protectionLevels = self._cfg.protectionLevels
	local action = self._protectionObj.action
	local level = self._protectionObj.level
	local msg
	if protectionLevels[action][level] then
		msg = protectionLevels[action][level]
	elseif protectionLevels[action].default then
		msg = protectionLevels[action].default
	elseif protectionLevels.edit.default then
		msg = protectionLevels.edit.default
	else
		error('no protection level defined for protectionLevels.edit.default', 8)
	end
	return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
end

function Blurb:_makeProtectionLogParameter()
	local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText
	if self._protectionObj.action == 'autoreview' then
		-- We need the pending changes log.
		return makeFullUrl(
			'Special:Log',
			{type = 'stable', page = pagename},
			self:_getExpandedMessage('pc-log-display')
		)
	else
		-- We need the protection log.
		return makeFullUrl(
			'Special:Log',
			{type = 'protect', page = pagename},
			self:_getExpandedMessage('protection-log-display')
		)
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeTalkPageParameter()
	return string.format(
		'[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]',
		mw.site.namespaces[self._protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name,
		self._protectionObj.title.text,
		self._args.section or 'top',
		self:_getExpandedMessage('talk-page-link-display')
	)
end

function Blurb:_makeTooltipBlurbParameter()
	if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-expiry')
	else
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-noexpiry')
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeTooltipFragmentParameter()
	if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-expiry')
	else
		return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-noexpiry')
	end
end

function Blurb:_makeVandalTemplateParameter()
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{
		title=&quot;vandal-m&quot;,
		args={self._args.user or self._protectionObj.title.baseText}
	}
end

-- Public methods --

function Blurb:makeBannerText(key)
	-- Validate input.
	if not key or not Blurb.bannerTextFields[key] then
		error(string.format(
			'&quot;%s&quot; is not a valid banner config field',
			tostring(key)
		), 2)
	end

	-- Generate the text.
	local msg = self._protectionObj.bannerConfig[key]
	if type(msg) == 'string' then
		return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
	elseif type(msg) == 'function' then
		msg = msg(self._protectionObj, self._args)
		if type(msg) ~= 'string' then
			error(string.format(
				'bad output from banner config function with key &quot;%s&quot;'
					.. ' (expected string, got %s)',
				tostring(key),
				type(msg)
			), 4)
		end
		return self:_substituteParameters(msg)
	end
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- BannerTemplate class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local BannerTemplate = {}
BannerTemplate.__index = BannerTemplate

function BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg)
	local obj = {}
	obj._cfg = cfg

	-- Set the image filename.
	local imageFilename = protectionObj.bannerConfig.image
	if imageFilename then
		obj._imageFilename = imageFilename
	else
		-- If an image filename isn't specified explicitly in the banner config,
		-- generate it from the protection status and the namespace.
		local action = protectionObj.action
		local level = protectionObj.level
		local namespace = protectionObj.title.namespace
		local reason = protectionObj.reason
		
		-- Deal with special cases first.
		if (
			namespace == 10
			or namespace == 828
			or reason and obj._cfg.indefImageReasons[reason]
			)
			and action == 'edit'
			and level == 'sysop'
			and not protectionObj:isTemporary()
		then
			-- Fully protected modules and templates get the special red &quot;indef&quot;
			-- padlock.
			obj._imageFilename = obj._cfg.msg['image-filename-indef']
		else
			-- Deal with regular protection types.
			local images = obj._cfg.images
			if images[action] then
				if images[action][level] then
					obj._imageFilename = images[action][level]
				elseif images[action].default then
					obj._imageFilename = images[action].default
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return setmetatable(obj, BannerTemplate)
end

function BannerTemplate:renderImage()
	local filename = self._imageFilename
		or self._cfg.msg['image-filename-default']
		or 'Transparent.gif'
	return makeFileLink{
		file = filename,
		size = (self.imageWidth or 20) .. 'px',
		alt = self._imageAlt,
		link = self._imageLink,
		caption = self.imageCaption
	}
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Banner class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Banner = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate)
Banner.__index = Banner

function Banner.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg)
	local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb.
	obj.imageWidth = 40
	obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') -- Large banners use the alt text for the tooltip.
	obj._reasonText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('text')
	obj._explanationText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('explanation')
	obj._page = protectionObj.title.prefixedText -- Only makes a difference in testing.
	return setmetatable(obj, Banner)
end

function Banner:__tostring()
	-- Renders the banner.
	makeMessageBox = makeMessageBox or require('Module:Message box').main
	local reasonText = self._reasonText or error('no reason text set', 2)
	local explanationText = self._explanationText
	local mbargs = {
		page = self._page,
		type = 'protection',
		image = self:renderImage(),
		text = string.format(
			&quot;'''%s'''%s&quot;,
			reasonText,
			explanationText and '&lt;br /&gt;' .. explanationText or ''
		)
	}
	return makeMessageBox('mbox', mbargs)
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Padlock class
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local Padlock = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate)
Padlock.__index = Padlock

function Padlock.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg)
	local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb.
	obj.imageWidth = 20
	obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('tooltip')
	obj._imageAlt = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt')
	obj._imageLink = blurbObj:makeBannerText('link')
	obj._indicatorName = cfg.padlockIndicatorNames[protectionObj.action]
		or cfg.padlockIndicatorNames.default
		or 'pp-default'
	return setmetatable(obj, Padlock)
end

function Padlock:__tostring()
	local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()
	-- The nowiki tag helps prevent whitespace at the top of articles.
	return frame:extensionTag{name = 'nowiki'} .. frame:extensionTag{
		name = 'indicator',
		args = {name = self._indicatorName},
		content = self:renderImage()
	}
end

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Exports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local p = {}

function p._exportClasses()
	-- This is used for testing purposes.
	return {
		Protection = Protection,
		Blurb = Blurb,
		BannerTemplate = BannerTemplate,
		Banner = Banner,
		Padlock = Padlock,
	}
end

function p._main(args, cfg, title)
	args = args or {}
	cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE)

	local protectionObj = Protection.new(args, cfg, title)

	local ret = {}

	-- If a page's edit protection is equally or more restrictive than its
	-- protection from some other action, then don't bother displaying anything
	-- for the other action (except categories).
	if not yesno(args.catonly) and (protectionObj.action == 'edit' or
		args.demolevel or
		not getReachableNodes(
			cfg.hierarchy,
			protectionObj.level
		)[effectiveProtectionLevel('edit', protectionObj.title)])
	then
		-- Initialise the blurb object
		local blurbObj = Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg)
	
		-- Render the banner
		if protectionObj:shouldShowLock() then
			ret[#ret + 1] = tostring(
				(yesno(args.small) and Padlock or Banner)
				.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg)
			)
		end
	end

	-- Render the categories
	if yesno(args.category) ~= false then
		ret[#ret + 1] = protectionObj:makeCategoryLinks()
	end
	
	-- For arbitration enforcement, flagging [[WP:PIA]] pages to enable [[Special:AbuseFilter/1339]] to flag edits to them
	if protectionObj.level == &quot;extendedconfirmed&quot; then
		if require(&quot;Module:TableTools&quot;).inArray(protectionObj.title.talkPageTitle.categories, &quot;Wikipedia pages subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict&quot;) then
			ret[#ret + 1] = &quot;&lt;p class='PIA-flag' style='display:none; visibility:hidden;' title='This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.'&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&quot;
		end
	end
	
	return table.concat(ret)	
end

function p.main(frame, cfg)
	cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE)

	-- Find default args, if any.
	local parent = frame.getParent and frame:getParent()
	local defaultArgs = parent and cfg.wrappers[parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '')]

	-- Find user args, and use the parent frame if we are being called from a
	-- wrapper template.
	getArgs = getArgs or require('Module:Arguments').getArgs
	local userArgs = getArgs(frame, {
		parentOnly = defaultArgs,
		frameOnly = not defaultArgs
	})

	-- Build the args table. User-specified args overwrite default args.
	local args = {}
	for k, v in pairs(defaultArgs or {}) do
		args[k] = v
	end
	for k, v in pairs(userArgs) do
		args[k] = v
	end
	return p._main(args, cfg)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>p8ryzquso3eyufqyguwh2oyqz5eu1l6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Protected page/config</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>69805</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339354</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-30T17:22:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Primefac</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>per prev, old wrappers moved, removing from this list</comment>
      <origin>339354</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="46946" sha1="pj6zo6l44p4bk4pwax9tlbkyf7cpx34" xml:space="preserve">-- This module provides configuration data for [[Module:Protection banner]].

return {

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
--                                BANNER DATA
--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[
-- Banner data consists of six fields:
-- * text - the main protection text that appears at the top of protection
--   banners.
-- * explanation - the text that appears below the main protection text, used
--   to explain the details of the protection.
-- * tooltip - the tooltip text you see when you move the mouse over a small
--   padlock icon.
-- * link - the page that the small padlock icon links to.
-- * alt - the alt text for the small padlock icon. This is also used as tooltip
--   text for the large protection banners.
-- * image - the padlock image used in both protection banners and small padlock
--   icons.
--
-- The module checks in three separate tables to find a value for each field.
-- First it checks the banners table, which has values specific to the reason
-- for the page being protected. Then the module checks the defaultBanners
-- table, which has values specific to each protection level. Finally, the
-- module checks the masterBanner table, which holds data for protection
-- templates to use if no data has been found in the previous two tables.
--
-- The values in the banner data can take parameters. These are specified
-- using ${TEXTLIKETHIS} (a dollar sign preceding a parameter name
-- enclosed in curly braces).
--
--                          Available parameters:
--
-- ${CURRENTVERSION} - a link to the page history or the move log, with the
-- display message &quot;current-version-edit-display&quot; or
-- &quot;current-version-move-display&quot;.
--
-- ${EDITREQUEST} - a link to create an edit request for the current page.
--
-- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} - an explanation blurb, e.g. &quot;Please discuss any changes
-- on the talk page; you may submit a request to ask an administrator to make
-- an edit if it is minor or supported by consensus.&quot;
--
-- ${IMAGELINK} - a link to set the image to, depending on the protection
-- action and protection level.
--
-- ${INTROBLURB} - the PROTECTIONBLURB parameter, plus the expiry if an expiry
-- is set. E.g. &quot;Editing of this page by new or unregistered users is currently 
-- disabled until dd Month YYYY.&quot;
--
-- ${INTROFRAGMENT} - the same as ${INTROBLURB}, but without final punctuation
-- so that it can be used in run-on sentences.
--
-- ${PAGETYPE} - the type of the page, e.g. &quot;article&quot; or &quot;template&quot;.
-- Defined in the cfg.pagetypes table.
--
-- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} - a blurb explaining the protection level of the page, e.g.
-- &quot;Editing of this page by new or unregistered users is currently disabled&quot;
--
-- ${PROTECTIONDATE} - the protection date, if it has been supplied to the
-- template.
--
-- ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} - the protection level, e.g. &quot;fully protected&quot; or
-- &quot;semi-protected&quot;.
--
-- ${PROTECTIONLOG} - a link to the protection log or the pending changes log,
-- depending on the protection action.
--
-- ${TALKPAGE} - a link to the talk page. If a section is specified, links
-- straight to that talk page section.
--
-- ${TOOLTIPBLURB} - uses the PAGETYPE, PROTECTIONTYPE and EXPIRY parameters to
-- create a blurb like &quot;This template is semi-protected&quot;, or &quot;This article is
-- move-protected until DD Month YYYY&quot;.
--
-- ${VANDAL} - links for the specified username (or the root page name)
-- using Module:Vandal-m.
--
--                                 Functions
--
-- For advanced users, it is possible to use Lua functions instead of strings
-- in the banner config tables. Using functions gives flexibility that is not
-- possible just by using parameters. Functions take two arguments, the
-- protection object and the template arguments, and they must output a string.
--
-- For example:
--
-- text = function (protectionObj, args)
--     if protectionObj.level == 'autoconfirmed' then
--         return 'foo'
--     else
--         return 'bar'
--     end
-- end
--
-- Some protection object properties and methods that may be useful:
-- protectionObj.action - the protection action
-- protectionObj.level - the protection level
-- protectionObj.reason - the protection reason
-- protectionObj.expiry - the expiry. Nil if unset, the string &quot;indef&quot; if set
--     to indefinite, and the protection time in unix time if temporary.
-- protectionObj.protectionDate - the protection date in unix time, or nil if
--     unspecified.
-- protectionObj.bannerConfig - the banner config found by the module. Beware
--     of editing the config field used by the function, as it could create an
--     infinite loop.
-- protectionObj:isProtected - returns a boolean showing whether the page is
--     protected.
-- protectionObj:isTemporary - returns a boolean showing whether the expiry is
--     temporary.
-- protectionObj:isIncorrect - returns a boolean showing whether the protection
--     template is incorrect.
--]]

-- The master banner data, used if no values have been found in banners or
-- defaultBanners.
masterBanner = {
	text = '${INTROBLURB}',
	explanation = '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}',
	tooltip = '${TOOLTIPBLURB}',
	link = '${IMAGELINK}',
	alt = 'Page ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}'
},

-- The default banner data. This holds banner data for different protection
-- levels.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
defaultBanners = {
	edit = {},
	move = {},
	autoreview = {
		default = {
			alt = 'Page protected with pending changes',
			tooltip = 'All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users',
			image = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg'
		}
	},
	upload = {}
},

-- The banner data. This holds banner data for different protection reasons.
-- In fact, the reasons specified in this table control which reasons are
-- valid inputs to the first positional parameter.
--
-- There is also a non-standard &quot;description&quot; field that can be used for items
-- in this table. This is a description of the protection reason for use in the
-- module documentation.
--
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
banners = {
	edit = {
		blp = {
			description = 'For pages protected to promote compliance with the'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons'
				.. '|biographies of living persons]] policy',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons'
				.. &quot;|Wikipedia's&amp;nbsp;policy on&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;biographies&quot;
				.. ' of&amp;nbsp;living&amp;nbsp;people]].',
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with the policy on'
				.. ' biographies of living persons',
		},
		deceased = {
			description = 'For user pages of Wikipedia users who are deceased',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent vandalism of a deceased'
				.. ' Wikipedian\'s user page.'
				.. ' A family member who wishes to edit this user page can use this'
				.. ' user\'s ${TALKPAGE} or submit a request to [[Wikipedia:VRT|the'
				.. ' Volunteer Response Team]].',
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} because this Wikipedian is deceased'
		},
		dmca = {
			description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation'
				.. ' due to [[Digital Millennium Copyright Act]] takedown requests',
			explanation = function (protectionObj, args)
				local ret = 'Pursuant to a rights owner notice under the Digital'
					.. ' Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) regarding some content'
					.. ' in this article, the Wikimedia Foundation acted under'
					.. ' applicable law and took down and restricted the content'
					.. ' in question.'
				if args.notice then
					ret = ret .. ' A copy of the received notice can be found here: '
						.. args.notice .. '.'
				end
				ret = ret .. ' For more information, including websites discussing'
					.. ' how to file a counter-notice, please see'
					.. &quot; [[Wikipedia:Office actions]] and the article's ${TALKPAGE}.&quot;
					.. &quot;'''Do not remove this template from the article until the&quot;
					.. &quot; restrictions are withdrawn'''.&quot;
				return ret
			end,
			image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg',
			link = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#office',
		},
		dispute = {
			description = 'For pages protected due to editing disputes',
			text = function (protectionObj, args)
				-- Find the value of &quot;disputes&quot;.
				local display = 'disputes'
				local disputes
				if args.section then
					disputes = string.format(
						'[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]',
						mw.site.namespaces[protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name,
						protectionObj.title.text,
						args.section,
						display
					)
				else
					disputes = display
				end

				-- Make the blurb, depending on the expiry.
				local msg
				if type(protectionObj.expiry) == 'number' then
					msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} or until editing %s have been resolved.'
				else
					msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} until editing %s have been resolved.'
				end
				return string.format(msg, disputes)
			end,
			explanation = &quot;This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the&quot;
				.. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}',
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to editing disputes',
		},
		ecp = {
			description = 'For articles in topic areas authorized by'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|ArbCom]] or'
				.. ' meets the criteria for community use',
			alt = 'Extended-protected ${PAGETYPE}',
		},
		mainpage = {
			description = 'For pages protected for being displayed on the [[Main Page]]',
			text = 'This file is currently'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from'
				.. ' editing because it is currently or will soon be displayed'
				.. ' on the [[Main Page]].',
			explanation = 'Images on the Main Page are protected due to their high'
				.. ' visibility. Please discuss any necessary changes on the ${TALKPAGE}.'
				.. '&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;'
				.. &quot;'''Administrators:''' Once this image is definitely off the Main Page,&quot;
				.. ' please unprotect this file, or reduce to semi-protection,'
				.. ' as appropriate.&lt;/span&gt;',
		},
		office = {
			description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation',
			text = function (protectionObj, args)
				local ret = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the'
					.. ' scrutiny of the'
					.. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]'
					.. ' and is protected.'
				if protectionObj.protectionDate then
					ret = ret .. ' It has been protected since ${PROTECTIONDATE}.'
				end
				return ret
			end,
			explanation = &quot;If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and&quot;
				.. &quot; additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not remove protection from this&quot;
				.. &quot; page unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation to do&quot;
				.. &quot; so.'''&quot;,
			image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg',
			link = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#office',
		},
		reset = {
			description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation and'
				.. ' &quot;reset&quot; to a bare-bones version',
 			text = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the'
					.. ' scrutiny of the'
					.. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]'
					.. ' and is protected.',
			explanation = function (protectionObj, args)
				local ret = ''
				if protectionObj.protectionDate then
					ret = ret .. 'On ${PROTECTIONDATE} this ${PAGETYPE} was'
				else
					ret = ret .. 'This ${PAGETYPE} has been'
				end
				ret = ret .. ' reduced to a'
				.. ' simplified, &quot;bare bones&quot; version so that it may be completely'
				.. ' rewritten to ensure it meets the policies of'
				.. ' [[WP:NPOV|Neutral Point of View]] and [[WP:V|Verifiability]].'
				.. ' Standard Wikipedia policies will apply to its rewriting—which'
				.. ' will eventually be open to all editors—and will be strictly'
				.. ' enforced. The ${PAGETYPE} has been ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} while'
				.. ' it is being rebuilt.\n\n'
				.. 'Any insertion of material directly from'
				.. ' pre-protection revisions of the ${PAGETYPE} will be removed, as'
				.. ' will any material added to the ${PAGETYPE} that is not properly'
				.. ' sourced. The associated talk page(s) were also cleared on the'
				.. &quot; same date.\n\n&quot;
				.. &quot;If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and&quot;
				.. &quot; additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not override&quot;
				.. &quot; this action, and do not remove protection from this page,&quot;
				.. &quot; unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation&quot;
				.. &quot; to do so. No editor may remove this notice.'''&quot;

				return ret
			end,
			image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg',
			link = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#office',
		},
		sock = {
			description = 'For pages protected due to'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppetry]]',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppets]] of'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] or'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Banning policy|banned users]]'
				.. ' from editing it.',
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to prevent sock puppets of blocked or banned users from'
				.. ' editing it',
		},
		template = {
			description = 'For [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]]'
				.. ' templates and Lua modules',
			text = 'This is a permanently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protected]] ${PAGETYPE},'
				.. ' as it is [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]].',
			explanation = 'Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may'
				.. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] or'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Template editor|template editor]] to make an edit if'
				.. ' it is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit'
				.. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. You can also'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be'
				.. ' unprotected.',
			tooltip = 'This high-risk ${PAGETYPE} is permanently ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}'
				.. ' to prevent vandalism',
			alt = 'Permanently protected ${PAGETYPE}',
		},
		usertalk = {
			description = 'For pages protected against disruptive edits by a'
				.. ' particular user',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent ${VANDAL} from using it to make disruptive edits,'
				.. ' such as abusing the'
				.. ' &amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[Template:unblock|unblock]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125; template.',
			explanation = 'If you cannot edit this user talk page and you need to'
				.. ' make a change or leave a message, you can'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for edits to a protected page'
				.. '|request an edit]],'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request unprotection]],'
				.. ' [[Special:Userlogin|log in]],'
				.. ' or [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].',
		},
		vandalism = {
			description = 'For pages protected against'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} due to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]].',
			explanation = function (protectionObj, args)
				local ret = ''
				if protectionObj.level == 'sysop' then
					ret = ret .. &quot;This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the&quot;
						.. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. '
				end
				return ret .. '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}'
			end,
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to vandalism',
		}
	},
	move = {
		dispute = {
			description = 'For pages protected against page moves due to'
				.. ' disputes over the page title',
			explanation = &quot;This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the&quot;
				.. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}',
			image = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg'
		},
		vandalism = {
			description = 'For pages protected against'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism#Page-move vandalism'
				.. ' |page-move vandalism]]'
		}
	},
	autoreview = {},
	upload = {}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
--                            GENERAL DATA TABLES
--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection blurbs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table produces the protection blurbs available with the
-- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} parameter. It is sorted by protection action and
-- protection level, and is checked by the module in the following order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level
-- 2. page's protection action, default protection level
-- 3. &quot;edit&quot; protection action, default protection level
--
-- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
protectionBlurbs = {
	edit = {
		default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#full|'
			.. 'protected]] from editing',
		templateeditor = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#template'
			.. '|protected]] from editing',
		autoconfirmed = 'Editing of this ${PAGETYPE} by [[Wikipedia:User access'
			.. ' levels#New users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered'
			.. ' users|unregistered]] users is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection'
			.. ' policy#semi|disabled]]',
		extendedconfirmed = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under [[Wikipedia:Protection'
			.. ' policy#extended|extended confirmed protection]]',
	},
	move = {
		default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#Move'
			.. ' protection|protected]] from [[Help:Moving a page|page moves]]'
	},
	autoreview = {
		default = 'All edits made to this ${PAGETYPE} by'
			.. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#New users|new]] or'
			.. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users|unregistered]]'
			.. ' users are currently'
			.. ' [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]]'
	},
	upload = {
		default = 'Uploading new versions of this ${PAGETYPE} is currently disabled'
	}
},


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Explanation blurbs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table produces the explanation blurbs available with the
-- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} parameter. It is sorted by protection action,
-- protection level, and whether the page is a talk page or not. If the page is
-- a talk page it will have a talk key of &quot;talk&quot;; otherwise it will have a talk
-- key of &quot;subject&quot;. The table is checked in the following order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level, page's talk key
-- 2. page's protection action, page's protection level, default talk key
-- 3. page's protection action, default protection level, page's talk key
-- 4. page's protection action, default protection level, default talk key
--
-- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
explanationBlurbs = {
	edit = {
		autoconfirmed = {
			subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you'
				.. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can'
				.. ' ${EDITREQUEST}, discuss changes on the ${TALKPAGE},'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or'
				.. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].',
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you'
				.. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or'
				.. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].',
		},
		extendedconfirmed = {
			default = 'Extended confirmed protection prevents edits from all unregistered editors'
				.. ' and registered users with fewer than 30 days tenure and 500 edits.'
				.. ' The [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended|policy on community use]]'
				.. ' specifies that extended confirmed protection can be applied to combat'
				.. ' disruption, if semi-protection has proven to be ineffective.'
				.. ' Extended confirmed protection may also be applied to enforce'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|arbitration sanctions]].'
				.. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may'
				.. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask for uncontroversial changes supported by'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]].'
		},
		default = {
			subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you'
				.. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it'
				.. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit'
				.. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus'
				.. '|consensus]]. You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for'
				.. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request]] that this page be unprotected.',
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' You may [[Wikipedia:Requests for page'
				.. ' protection#Current requests for edits to a protected page|request an'
				.. ' edit]] to this page, or [[Wikipedia:Requests for'
				.. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|ask]] for it to be unprotected.'
		}
	},
	move = {
		default = {
			subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved'
				.. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves on the'
				.. ' ${TALKPAGE} or at [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be'
				.. ' unprotected.',
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved'
				.. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves at'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be'
				.. ' unprotected.'
		}
	},
	autoreview = {
		default = {
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' Edits to this ${PAGETYPE} by new and unregistered users'
				.. ' will not be visible to readers until they are accepted by'
				.. ' a reviewer. To avoid the need for your edits to be'
				.. ' reviewed, you may'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or'
				.. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].'
		},
	},
	upload = {
		default = {
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' The page may still be edited but new versions of the file'
				.. ' cannot be uploaded until it is unprotected. You can'
				.. ' request that a new version be uploaded by using a'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Edit requests|protected edit request]], or you'
				.. ' can  [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]]'
				.. ' that the file be unprotected.'
		}
	}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection levels
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table provides the data for the ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} parameter, which
-- produces a short label for different protection levels. It is sorted by
-- protection action and protection level, and is checked in the following
-- order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level
-- 2. page's protection action, default protection level
-- 3. &quot;edit&quot; protection action, default protection level
--
-- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
protectionLevels = {
	edit = {
		default = 'protected',
		templateeditor = 'template-protected',
		extendedconfirmed = 'extended-confirmed-protected',
		autoconfirmed = 'semi-protected',
	},
	move = {
		default = 'move-protected'
	},
	autoreview = {
	},
	upload = {
		default = 'upload-protected'
	}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Images
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table lists different padlock images for each protection action and
-- protection level. It is used if an image is not specified in any of the
-- banner data tables, and if the page does not satisfy the conditions for using
-- the ['image-filename-indef'] image. It is checked in the following order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level
-- 2. page's protection action, default protection level
images = {
	edit = {
		default = 'Full-protection-shackle.svg',
		templateeditor = 'Template-protection-shackle.svg',
		extendedconfirmed = 'Extended-protection-shackle.svg',
		autoconfirmed = 'Semi-protection-shackle.svg'
	},
	move = {
		default = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg',
	},
	autoreview = {
		default = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg'
	},
	upload = {
		default = 'Upload-protection-shackle.svg'
	}
},

-- Pages with a reason specified in this table will show the special &quot;indef&quot;
-- padlock, defined in the 'image-filename-indef' message, if no expiry is set.
indefImageReasons = {
	template = true
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Image links
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table provides the data for the ${IMAGELINK} parameter, which gets
-- the image link for small padlock icons based on the page's protection action
-- and protection level. It is checked in the following order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level
-- 2. page's protection action, default protection level
-- 3. &quot;edit&quot; protection action, default protection level
--
-- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
imageLinks = {
	edit = {
		default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#full',
		templateeditor = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#template',
		extendedconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended',
		autoconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#semi'
	},
	move = {
		default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#move'
	},
	autoreview = {
		default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#pending'
	},
	upload = {
		default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#upload'
	}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Padlock indicator names
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table provides the &quot;name&quot; attribute for the &lt;indicator&gt; extension tag
-- with which small padlock icons are generated. All indicator tags on a page
-- are displayed in alphabetical order based on this attribute, and with
-- indicator tags with duplicate names, the last tag on the page wins.
-- The attribute is chosen based on the protection action; table keys must be a
-- protection action name or the string &quot;default&quot;.
padlockIndicatorNames = {
	autoreview = 'pp-autoreview',
	default = 'pp-default'
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection categories
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[
-- The protection categories are stored in the protectionCategories table.
-- Keys to this table are made up of the following strings:
--
-- 1. the expiry date
-- 2. the namespace
-- 3. the protection reason (e.g. &quot;dispute&quot; or &quot;vandalism&quot;)
-- 4. the protection level (e.g. &quot;sysop&quot; or &quot;autoconfirmed&quot;)
-- 5. the action (e.g. &quot;edit&quot; or &quot;move&quot;)
-- 
-- When the module looks up a category in the table, first it will will check to
-- see a key exists that corresponds to all five parameters. For example, a
-- user page semi-protected from vandalism for two weeks would have the key
-- &quot;temp-user-vandalism-autoconfirmed-edit&quot;. If no match is found, the module
-- changes the first part of the key to &quot;all&quot; and checks the table again. It
-- keeps checking increasingly generic key combinations until it finds the
-- field, or until it reaches the key &quot;all-all-all-all-all&quot;.
--
-- The module uses a binary matrix to determine the order in which to search.
-- This is best demonstrated by a table. In this table, the &quot;0&quot; values
-- represent &quot;all&quot;, and the &quot;1&quot; values represent the original data (e.g.
-- &quot;indef&quot; or &quot;file&quot; or &quot;vandalism&quot;).
--
--        expiry    namespace reason   level     action
-- order
-- 1      1         1         1        1         1
-- 2      0         1         1        1         1
-- 3      1         0         1        1         1
-- 4      0         0         1        1         1
-- 5      1         1         0        1         1
-- 6      0         1         0        1         1
-- 7      1         0         0        1         1
-- 8      0         0         0        1         1
-- 9      1         1         1        0         1
-- 10     0         1         1        0         1
-- 11     1         0         1        0         1
-- 12     0         0         1        0         1
-- 13     1         1         0        0         1
-- 14     0         1         0        0         1
-- 15     1         0         0        0         1
-- 16     0         0         0        0         1
-- 17     1         1         1        1         0
-- 18     0         1         1        1         0
-- 19     1         0         1        1         0
-- 20     0         0         1        1         0
-- 21     1         1         0        1         0
-- 22     0         1         0        1         0
-- 23     1         0         0        1         0
-- 24     0         0         0        1         0
-- 25     1         1         1        0         0
-- 26     0         1         1        0         0
-- 27     1         0         1        0         0
-- 28     0         0         1        0         0
-- 29     1         1         0        0         0
-- 30     0         1         0        0         0
-- 31     1         0         0        0         0
-- 32     0         0         0        0         0
--
-- In this scheme the action has the highest priority, as it is the last
-- to change, and the expiry has the least priority, as it changes the most.
-- The priorities of the expiry, the protection level and the action are
-- fixed, but the priorities of the reason and the namespace can be swapped
-- through the use of the cfg.bannerDataNamespaceHasPriority table.
--]]

-- If the reason specified to the template is listed in this table,
-- namespace data will take priority over reason data in the protectionCategories
-- table.
reasonsWithNamespacePriority = {
	vandalism = true,
},

-- The string to use as a namespace key for the protectionCategories table for each
-- namespace number.
categoryNamespaceKeys = {
	[  2] = 'user',
	[  3] = 'user',
	[  4] = 'project',
	[  6] = 'file',
	[  8] = 'mediawiki',
	[ 10] = 'template',
	[ 12] = 'project',
	[ 14] = 'category',
	[100] = 'portal',
	[828] = 'module',
},

protectionCategories = {
	['all|all|all|all|all']                     = 'Wikipedia fully protected pages',
	['all|all|office|all|all']                  = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages',
	['all|all|reset|all|all']                   = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages',
	['all|all|dmca|all|all']                    = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages',
	['all|all|mainpage|all|all']                = 'Wikipedia fully protected main page files',
	['all|all|all|extendedconfirmed|all']       = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages',
	['all|all|ecp|extendedconfirmed|all']       = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages',
	['all|template|all|all|edit']               = 'Wikipedia fully protected templates',
	['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit']          = 'Wikipedia semi-protected pages',
	['indef|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit']        = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages',
	['all|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit']          = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people',
	['temp|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia temporarily semi-protected biographies of living people',
	['all|all|dispute|autoconfirmed|edit']      = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected due to dispute',
	['all|all|sock|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users',
	['all|all|vandalism|autoconfirmed|edit']    = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism',
	['all|category|all|autoconfirmed|edit']     = 'Wikipedia semi-protected categories',
	['all|file|all|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia semi-protected files',
	['all|portal|all|autoconfirmed|edit']       = 'Wikipedia semi-protected portals',
	['all|project|all|autoconfirmed|edit']      = 'Wikipedia semi-protected project pages',
	['all|talk|all|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia semi-protected talk pages',
	['all|template|all|autoconfirmed|edit']     = 'Wikipedia semi-protected templates',
	['all|user|all|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia semi-protected user and user talk pages',
	['all|all|all|templateeditor|move']         = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules',
	['all|all|all|templateeditor|edit']         = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules',
	['all|template|all|templateeditor|edit']    = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates',
	['all|template|all|templateeditor|move']    = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates', -- move-protected templates
	['all|all|blp|sysop|edit']                  = 'Wikipedia indefinitely protected biographies of living people',
	['temp|all|blp|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia temporarily protected biographies of living people',
	['all|all|dispute|sysop|edit']              = 'Wikipedia pages protected due to dispute',
	['all|all|sock|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia pages protected from banned users',
	['all|all|vandalism|sysop|edit']            = 'Wikipedia pages protected against vandalism',
	['all|category|all|sysop|edit']             = 'Wikipedia fully protected categories',
	['all|file|all|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia fully protected files',
	['all|project|all|sysop|edit']              = 'Wikipedia fully protected project pages',
	['all|talk|all|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia fully protected talk pages',
	['all|template|all|extendedconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected templates',
	['all|template|all|extendedconfirmed|move'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected templates',
	['all|template|all|sysop|edit']             = 'Wikipedia fully protected templates',
	['all|user|all|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia fully protected user and user talk pages',
	['all|module|all|all|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia fully protected modules',
	['all|module|all|templateeditor|edit']      = 'Wikipedia template-protected modules',
	['all|module|all|extendedconfirmed|edit']   = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected modules',
	['all|module|all|autoconfirmed|edit']       = 'Wikipedia semi-protected modules',
	['all|all|all|sysop|move']                  = 'Wikipedia move-protected pages',
	['indef|all|all|sysop|move']                = 'Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages',
	['all|all|dispute|sysop|move']              = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to dispute',
	['all|all|vandalism|sysop|move']            = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism',
	['all|portal|all|sysop|move']               = 'Wikipedia move-protected portals',
	['all|project|all|sysop|move']              = 'Wikipedia move-protected project pages',
	['all|talk|all|sysop|move']                 = 'Wikipedia move-protected talk pages',
	['all|template|all|sysop|move']             = 'Wikipedia move-protected templates',
	['all|user|all|sysop|move']                 = 'Wikipedia move-protected user and user talk pages',
	['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|autoreview']    = 'Wikipedia pending changes protected pages',
	['all|file|all|all|upload']                 = 'Wikipedia upload-protected files',
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Expiry category config
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table configures the expiry category behaviour for each protection
-- action.
-- * If set to true, setting that action will always categorise the page if
--   an expiry parameter is not set.
-- * If set to false, setting that action will never categorise the page.
-- * If set to nil, the module will categorise the page if:
--   1) an expiry parameter is not set, and
--   2) a reason is provided, and
--   3) the specified reason is not blacklisted in the reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck
--      table.

expiryCheckActions = {
	edit = nil,
	move = false,
	autoreview = true,
	upload = false
},

reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck = {
	blp = true,
	template = true,
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Pagetypes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table produces the page types available with the ${PAGETYPE} parameter.
-- Keys are namespace numbers, or the string &quot;default&quot; for the default value.
pagetypes = {
	[0] = 'article',
	[6] = 'file',
	[10] = 'template',
	[14] = 'category',
	[828] = 'module',
	default = 'page'
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Strings marking indefinite protection
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table contains values passed to the expiry parameter that mean the page
-- is protected indefinitely.
indefStrings = {
	['indef'] = true,
	['indefinite'] = true,
	['indefinitely'] = true,
	['infinite'] = true,
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Group hierarchy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table maps each group to all groups that have a superset of the original
-- group's page editing permissions.
hierarchy = {
	sysop = {},
	reviewer = {'sysop'},
	filemover = {'sysop'},
	templateeditor = {'sysop'},
	extendedconfirmed = {'sysop'},
	autoconfirmed = {'reviewer', 'filemover', 'templateeditor', 'extendedconfirmed'},
	user = {'autoconfirmed'},
	['*'] = {'user'}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Wrapper templates and their default arguments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table contains wrapper templates used with the module, and their
-- default arguments. Templates specified in this table should contain the
-- following invocation, and no other template content:
--
-- {{#invoke:Protection banner|main}}
--
-- If other content is desired, it can be added between
-- &lt;noinclude&gt;...&lt;/noinclude&gt; tags.
--
-- When a user calls one of these wrapper templates, they will use the
-- default arguments automatically. However, users can override any of the
-- arguments.
wrappers = {
	['Template:Protected page']							= {},
	['Template:Extended confirmed–protected']			= {'ecp'},
	['Template:Protected biography of a living person']	= {'blp'},
	['Template:Protected due to a dispute']				= {'dispute'},
	['Template:Move-protected']							= {action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'},
	['Template:Move-protected due to a dispute']		= {'dispute', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'},
	['Template:Move-protected due to vandalism']		= {'vandalism', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'},
	['Template:Office-protected']						= {'office'},
	['Template:Pending changes–protected']				= {action = 'autoreview', small = true},
	['Template:Semi-protected indefinitely']			= {small = true},
	['Template:Protected due to sockpuppetry']			= {'sock'},
	['Template:Template-protected']						= {'template', small = true},
	['Template:Upload-protected']						= {action = 'upload'},
	['Template:Protected talk page of a blocked user']	= {'usertalk'},
	['Template:Protected due to vandalism']				= {'vandalism'},
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- 
--                                 MESSAGES
-- 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

msg = {

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Intro blurb and intro fragment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages specify what is produced by the ${INTROBLURB} and
-- ${INTROFRAGMENT} parameters. If the protection is temporary they use the
-- intro-blurb-expiry or intro-fragment-expiry, and if not they use
-- intro-blurb-noexpiry or intro-fragment-noexpiry.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages.
['intro-blurb-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY}.',
['intro-blurb-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}.',
['intro-fragment-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY},',
['intro-fragment-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tooltip blurb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages specify what is produced by the ${TOOLTIPBLURB} parameter.
-- If the protection is temporary the tooltip-blurb-expiry message is used, and
-- if not the tooltip-blurb-noexpiry message is used.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages.
['tooltip-blurb-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY}.',
['tooltip-blurb-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}.',
['tooltip-fragment-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY},',
['tooltip-fragment-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Special explanation blurb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- An explanation blurb for pages that cannot be unprotected, e.g. for pages
-- in the MediaWiki namespace.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message.
['explanation-blurb-nounprotect'] = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
	.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
	.. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you'
	.. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an'
	.. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it'
	.. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit'
	.. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus'
	.. '|consensus]].',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection log display values
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages determine the display values for the protection log link
-- or the pending changes log link produced by the ${PROTECTIONLOG} parameter.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages.
['protection-log-display'] = 'protection log',
['pc-log-display'] = 'pending changes log',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Current version display values
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages determine the display values for the page history link
-- or the move log link produced by the ${CURRENTVERSION} parameter.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages.
['current-version-move-display'] = 'current title',
['current-version-edit-display'] = 'current version',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Talk page
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This message determines the display value of the talk page link produced
-- with the ${TALKPAGE} parameter.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message.
['talk-page-link-display'] = 'talk page',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Edit requests
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This message determines the display value of the edit request link produced
-- with the ${EDITREQUEST} parameter.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message.
['edit-request-display'] = 'submit an edit request',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Expiry date format
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This is the format for the blurb expiry date. It should be valid input for
-- the first parameter of the #time parser function.
['expiry-date-format'] = 'F j, Y &quot;at&quot; H:i e',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tracking categories
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages determine which tracking categories the module outputs.
['tracking-category-incorrect'] = 'Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates',
['tracking-category-template'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Images
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These are images that are not defined by their protection action and protection level.
['image-filename-indef'] = 'Full-protection-shackle.svg',
['image-filename-default'] = 'Transparent.gif',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- End messages
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- End configuration
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
}</text>
      <sha1>pj6zo6l44p4bk4pwax9tlbkyf7cpx34</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339355</id>
      <parentid>339354</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Module:Protected_page/config]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339354</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="46946" sha1="pj6zo6l44p4bk4pwax9tlbkyf7cpx34" xml:space="preserve">-- This module provides configuration data for [[Module:Protection banner]].

return {

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
--                                BANNER DATA
--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[
-- Banner data consists of six fields:
-- * text - the main protection text that appears at the top of protection
--   banners.
-- * explanation - the text that appears below the main protection text, used
--   to explain the details of the protection.
-- * tooltip - the tooltip text you see when you move the mouse over a small
--   padlock icon.
-- * link - the page that the small padlock icon links to.
-- * alt - the alt text for the small padlock icon. This is also used as tooltip
--   text for the large protection banners.
-- * image - the padlock image used in both protection banners and small padlock
--   icons.
--
-- The module checks in three separate tables to find a value for each field.
-- First it checks the banners table, which has values specific to the reason
-- for the page being protected. Then the module checks the defaultBanners
-- table, which has values specific to each protection level. Finally, the
-- module checks the masterBanner table, which holds data for protection
-- templates to use if no data has been found in the previous two tables.
--
-- The values in the banner data can take parameters. These are specified
-- using ${TEXTLIKETHIS} (a dollar sign preceding a parameter name
-- enclosed in curly braces).
--
--                          Available parameters:
--
-- ${CURRENTVERSION} - a link to the page history or the move log, with the
-- display message &quot;current-version-edit-display&quot; or
-- &quot;current-version-move-display&quot;.
--
-- ${EDITREQUEST} - a link to create an edit request for the current page.
--
-- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} - an explanation blurb, e.g. &quot;Please discuss any changes
-- on the talk page; you may submit a request to ask an administrator to make
-- an edit if it is minor or supported by consensus.&quot;
--
-- ${IMAGELINK} - a link to set the image to, depending on the protection
-- action and protection level.
--
-- ${INTROBLURB} - the PROTECTIONBLURB parameter, plus the expiry if an expiry
-- is set. E.g. &quot;Editing of this page by new or unregistered users is currently 
-- disabled until dd Month YYYY.&quot;
--
-- ${INTROFRAGMENT} - the same as ${INTROBLURB}, but without final punctuation
-- so that it can be used in run-on sentences.
--
-- ${PAGETYPE} - the type of the page, e.g. &quot;article&quot; or &quot;template&quot;.
-- Defined in the cfg.pagetypes table.
--
-- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} - a blurb explaining the protection level of the page, e.g.
-- &quot;Editing of this page by new or unregistered users is currently disabled&quot;
--
-- ${PROTECTIONDATE} - the protection date, if it has been supplied to the
-- template.
--
-- ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} - the protection level, e.g. &quot;fully protected&quot; or
-- &quot;semi-protected&quot;.
--
-- ${PROTECTIONLOG} - a link to the protection log or the pending changes log,
-- depending on the protection action.
--
-- ${TALKPAGE} - a link to the talk page. If a section is specified, links
-- straight to that talk page section.
--
-- ${TOOLTIPBLURB} - uses the PAGETYPE, PROTECTIONTYPE and EXPIRY parameters to
-- create a blurb like &quot;This template is semi-protected&quot;, or &quot;This article is
-- move-protected until DD Month YYYY&quot;.
--
-- ${VANDAL} - links for the specified username (or the root page name)
-- using Module:Vandal-m.
--
--                                 Functions
--
-- For advanced users, it is possible to use Lua functions instead of strings
-- in the banner config tables. Using functions gives flexibility that is not
-- possible just by using parameters. Functions take two arguments, the
-- protection object and the template arguments, and they must output a string.
--
-- For example:
--
-- text = function (protectionObj, args)
--     if protectionObj.level == 'autoconfirmed' then
--         return 'foo'
--     else
--         return 'bar'
--     end
-- end
--
-- Some protection object properties and methods that may be useful:
-- protectionObj.action - the protection action
-- protectionObj.level - the protection level
-- protectionObj.reason - the protection reason
-- protectionObj.expiry - the expiry. Nil if unset, the string &quot;indef&quot; if set
--     to indefinite, and the protection time in unix time if temporary.
-- protectionObj.protectionDate - the protection date in unix time, or nil if
--     unspecified.
-- protectionObj.bannerConfig - the banner config found by the module. Beware
--     of editing the config field used by the function, as it could create an
--     infinite loop.
-- protectionObj:isProtected - returns a boolean showing whether the page is
--     protected.
-- protectionObj:isTemporary - returns a boolean showing whether the expiry is
--     temporary.
-- protectionObj:isIncorrect - returns a boolean showing whether the protection
--     template is incorrect.
--]]

-- The master banner data, used if no values have been found in banners or
-- defaultBanners.
masterBanner = {
	text = '${INTROBLURB}',
	explanation = '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}',
	tooltip = '${TOOLTIPBLURB}',
	link = '${IMAGELINK}',
	alt = 'Page ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}'
},

-- The default banner data. This holds banner data for different protection
-- levels.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
defaultBanners = {
	edit = {},
	move = {},
	autoreview = {
		default = {
			alt = 'Page protected with pending changes',
			tooltip = 'All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users',
			image = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg'
		}
	},
	upload = {}
},

-- The banner data. This holds banner data for different protection reasons.
-- In fact, the reasons specified in this table control which reasons are
-- valid inputs to the first positional parameter.
--
-- There is also a non-standard &quot;description&quot; field that can be used for items
-- in this table. This is a description of the protection reason for use in the
-- module documentation.
--
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
banners = {
	edit = {
		blp = {
			description = 'For pages protected to promote compliance with the'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons'
				.. '|biographies of living persons]] policy',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons'
				.. &quot;|Wikipedia's&amp;nbsp;policy on&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;biographies&quot;
				.. ' of&amp;nbsp;living&amp;nbsp;people]].',
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with the policy on'
				.. ' biographies of living persons',
		},
		deceased = {
			description = 'For user pages of Wikipedia users who are deceased',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent vandalism of a deceased'
				.. ' Wikipedian\'s user page.'
				.. ' A family member who wishes to edit this user page can use this'
				.. ' user\'s ${TALKPAGE} or submit a request to [[Wikipedia:VRT|the'
				.. ' Volunteer Response Team]].',
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} because this Wikipedian is deceased'
		},
		dmca = {
			description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation'
				.. ' due to [[Digital Millennium Copyright Act]] takedown requests',
			explanation = function (protectionObj, args)
				local ret = 'Pursuant to a rights owner notice under the Digital'
					.. ' Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) regarding some content'
					.. ' in this article, the Wikimedia Foundation acted under'
					.. ' applicable law and took down and restricted the content'
					.. ' in question.'
				if args.notice then
					ret = ret .. ' A copy of the received notice can be found here: '
						.. args.notice .. '.'
				end
				ret = ret .. ' For more information, including websites discussing'
					.. ' how to file a counter-notice, please see'
					.. &quot; [[Wikipedia:Office actions]] and the article's ${TALKPAGE}.&quot;
					.. &quot;'''Do not remove this template from the article until the&quot;
					.. &quot; restrictions are withdrawn'''.&quot;
				return ret
			end,
			image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg',
			link = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#office',
		},
		dispute = {
			description = 'For pages protected due to editing disputes',
			text = function (protectionObj, args)
				-- Find the value of &quot;disputes&quot;.
				local display = 'disputes'
				local disputes
				if args.section then
					disputes = string.format(
						'[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]',
						mw.site.namespaces[protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name,
						protectionObj.title.text,
						args.section,
						display
					)
				else
					disputes = display
				end

				-- Make the blurb, depending on the expiry.
				local msg
				if type(protectionObj.expiry) == 'number' then
					msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} or until editing %s have been resolved.'
				else
					msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} until editing %s have been resolved.'
				end
				return string.format(msg, disputes)
			end,
			explanation = &quot;This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the&quot;
				.. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}',
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to editing disputes',
		},
		ecp = {
			description = 'For articles in topic areas authorized by'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|ArbCom]] or'
				.. ' meets the criteria for community use',
			alt = 'Extended-protected ${PAGETYPE}',
		},
		mainpage = {
			description = 'For pages protected for being displayed on the [[Main Page]]',
			text = 'This file is currently'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from'
				.. ' editing because it is currently or will soon be displayed'
				.. ' on the [[Main Page]].',
			explanation = 'Images on the Main Page are protected due to their high'
				.. ' visibility. Please discuss any necessary changes on the ${TALKPAGE}.'
				.. '&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;'
				.. &quot;'''Administrators:''' Once this image is definitely off the Main Page,&quot;
				.. ' please unprotect this file, or reduce to semi-protection,'
				.. ' as appropriate.&lt;/span&gt;',
		},
		office = {
			description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation',
			text = function (protectionObj, args)
				local ret = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the'
					.. ' scrutiny of the'
					.. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]'
					.. ' and is protected.'
				if protectionObj.protectionDate then
					ret = ret .. ' It has been protected since ${PROTECTIONDATE}.'
				end
				return ret
			end,
			explanation = &quot;If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and&quot;
				.. &quot; additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not remove protection from this&quot;
				.. &quot; page unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation to do&quot;
				.. &quot; so.'''&quot;,
			image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg',
			link = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#office',
		},
		reset = {
			description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation and'
				.. ' &quot;reset&quot; to a bare-bones version',
 			text = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the'
					.. ' scrutiny of the'
					.. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]'
					.. ' and is protected.',
			explanation = function (protectionObj, args)
				local ret = ''
				if protectionObj.protectionDate then
					ret = ret .. 'On ${PROTECTIONDATE} this ${PAGETYPE} was'
				else
					ret = ret .. 'This ${PAGETYPE} has been'
				end
				ret = ret .. ' reduced to a'
				.. ' simplified, &quot;bare bones&quot; version so that it may be completely'
				.. ' rewritten to ensure it meets the policies of'
				.. ' [[WP:NPOV|Neutral Point of View]] and [[WP:V|Verifiability]].'
				.. ' Standard Wikipedia policies will apply to its rewriting—which'
				.. ' will eventually be open to all editors—and will be strictly'
				.. ' enforced. The ${PAGETYPE} has been ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} while'
				.. ' it is being rebuilt.\n\n'
				.. 'Any insertion of material directly from'
				.. ' pre-protection revisions of the ${PAGETYPE} will be removed, as'
				.. ' will any material added to the ${PAGETYPE} that is not properly'
				.. ' sourced. The associated talk page(s) were also cleared on the'
				.. &quot; same date.\n\n&quot;
				.. &quot;If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and&quot;
				.. &quot; additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not override&quot;
				.. &quot; this action, and do not remove protection from this page,&quot;
				.. &quot; unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation&quot;
				.. &quot; to do so. No editor may remove this notice.'''&quot;

				return ret
			end,
			image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg',
			link = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#office',
		},
		sock = {
			description = 'For pages protected due to'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppetry]]',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppets]] of'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] or'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Banning policy|banned users]]'
				.. ' from editing it.',
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to prevent sock puppets of blocked or banned users from'
				.. ' editing it',
		},
		template = {
			description = 'For [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]]'
				.. ' templates and Lua modules',
			text = 'This is a permanently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protected]] ${PAGETYPE},'
				.. ' as it is [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]].',
			explanation = 'Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may'
				.. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] or'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Template editor|template editor]] to make an edit if'
				.. ' it is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit'
				.. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. You can also'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be'
				.. ' unprotected.',
			tooltip = 'This high-risk ${PAGETYPE} is permanently ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}'
				.. ' to prevent vandalism',
			alt = 'Permanently protected ${PAGETYPE}',
		},
		usertalk = {
			description = 'For pages protected against disruptive edits by a'
				.. ' particular user',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent ${VANDAL} from using it to make disruptive edits,'
				.. ' such as abusing the'
				.. ' &amp;#123;&amp;#123;[[Template:unblock|unblock]]&amp;#125;&amp;#125; template.',
			explanation = 'If you cannot edit this user talk page and you need to'
				.. ' make a change or leave a message, you can'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for edits to a protected page'
				.. '|request an edit]],'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request unprotection]],'
				.. ' [[Special:Userlogin|log in]],'
				.. ' or [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].',
		},
		vandalism = {
			description = 'For pages protected against'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]',
			text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} due to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]].',
			explanation = function (protectionObj, args)
				local ret = ''
				if protectionObj.level == 'sysop' then
					ret = ret .. &quot;This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the&quot;
						.. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. '
				end
				return ret .. '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}'
			end,
			tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to vandalism',
		}
	},
	move = {
		dispute = {
			description = 'For pages protected against page moves due to'
				.. ' disputes over the page title',
			explanation = &quot;This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the&quot;
				.. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}',
			image = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg'
		},
		vandalism = {
			description = 'For pages protected against'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism#Page-move vandalism'
				.. ' |page-move vandalism]]'
		}
	},
	autoreview = {},
	upload = {}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
--                            GENERAL DATA TABLES
--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection blurbs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table produces the protection blurbs available with the
-- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} parameter. It is sorted by protection action and
-- protection level, and is checked by the module in the following order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level
-- 2. page's protection action, default protection level
-- 3. &quot;edit&quot; protection action, default protection level
--
-- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
protectionBlurbs = {
	edit = {
		default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#full|'
			.. 'protected]] from editing',
		templateeditor = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#template'
			.. '|protected]] from editing',
		autoconfirmed = 'Editing of this ${PAGETYPE} by [[Wikipedia:User access'
			.. ' levels#New users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered'
			.. ' users|unregistered]] users is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection'
			.. ' policy#semi|disabled]]',
		extendedconfirmed = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under [[Wikipedia:Protection'
			.. ' policy#extended|extended confirmed protection]]',
	},
	move = {
		default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#Move'
			.. ' protection|protected]] from [[Help:Moving a page|page moves]]'
	},
	autoreview = {
		default = 'All edits made to this ${PAGETYPE} by'
			.. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#New users|new]] or'
			.. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users|unregistered]]'
			.. ' users are currently'
			.. ' [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]]'
	},
	upload = {
		default = 'Uploading new versions of this ${PAGETYPE} is currently disabled'
	}
},


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Explanation blurbs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table produces the explanation blurbs available with the
-- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} parameter. It is sorted by protection action,
-- protection level, and whether the page is a talk page or not. If the page is
-- a talk page it will have a talk key of &quot;talk&quot;; otherwise it will have a talk
-- key of &quot;subject&quot;. The table is checked in the following order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level, page's talk key
-- 2. page's protection action, page's protection level, default talk key
-- 3. page's protection action, default protection level, page's talk key
-- 4. page's protection action, default protection level, default talk key
--
-- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
explanationBlurbs = {
	edit = {
		autoconfirmed = {
			subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you'
				.. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can'
				.. ' ${EDITREQUEST}, discuss changes on the ${TALKPAGE},'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or'
				.. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].',
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you'
				.. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or'
				.. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].',
		},
		extendedconfirmed = {
			default = 'Extended confirmed protection prevents edits from all unregistered editors'
				.. ' and registered users with fewer than 30 days tenure and 500 edits.'
				.. ' The [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended|policy on community use]]'
				.. ' specifies that extended confirmed protection can be applied to combat'
				.. ' disruption, if semi-protection has proven to be ineffective.'
				.. ' Extended confirmed protection may also be applied to enforce'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|arbitration sanctions]].'
				.. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may'
				.. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask for uncontroversial changes supported by'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]].'
		},
		default = {
			subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you'
				.. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it'
				.. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit'
				.. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus'
				.. '|consensus]]. You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for'
				.. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request]] that this page be unprotected.',
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' You may [[Wikipedia:Requests for page'
				.. ' protection#Current requests for edits to a protected page|request an'
				.. ' edit]] to this page, or [[Wikipedia:Requests for'
				.. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|ask]] for it to be unprotected.'
		}
	},
	move = {
		default = {
			subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved'
				.. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves on the'
				.. ' ${TALKPAGE} or at [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be'
				.. ' unprotected.',
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved'
				.. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves at'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be'
				.. ' unprotected.'
		}
	},
	autoreview = {
		default = {
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' Edits to this ${PAGETYPE} by new and unregistered users'
				.. ' will not be visible to readers until they are accepted by'
				.. ' a reviewer. To avoid the need for your edits to be'
				.. ' reviewed, you may'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection'
				.. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level'
				.. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or'
				.. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].'
		},
	},
	upload = {
		default = {
			default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
				.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
				.. ' The page may still be edited but new versions of the file'
				.. ' cannot be uploaded until it is unprotected. You can'
				.. ' request that a new version be uploaded by using a'
				.. ' [[Wikipedia:Edit requests|protected edit request]], or you'
				.. ' can  [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]]'
				.. ' that the file be unprotected.'
		}
	}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection levels
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table provides the data for the ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} parameter, which
-- produces a short label for different protection levels. It is sorted by
-- protection action and protection level, and is checked in the following
-- order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level
-- 2. page's protection action, default protection level
-- 3. &quot;edit&quot; protection action, default protection level
--
-- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
protectionLevels = {
	edit = {
		default = 'protected',
		templateeditor = 'template-protected',
		extendedconfirmed = 'extended-confirmed-protected',
		autoconfirmed = 'semi-protected',
	},
	move = {
		default = 'move-protected'
	},
	autoreview = {
	},
	upload = {
		default = 'upload-protected'
	}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Images
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table lists different padlock images for each protection action and
-- protection level. It is used if an image is not specified in any of the
-- banner data tables, and if the page does not satisfy the conditions for using
-- the ['image-filename-indef'] image. It is checked in the following order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level
-- 2. page's protection action, default protection level
images = {
	edit = {
		default = 'Full-protection-shackle.svg',
		templateeditor = 'Template-protection-shackle.svg',
		extendedconfirmed = 'Extended-protection-shackle.svg',
		autoconfirmed = 'Semi-protection-shackle.svg'
	},
	move = {
		default = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg',
	},
	autoreview = {
		default = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg'
	},
	upload = {
		default = 'Upload-protection-shackle.svg'
	}
},

-- Pages with a reason specified in this table will show the special &quot;indef&quot;
-- padlock, defined in the 'image-filename-indef' message, if no expiry is set.
indefImageReasons = {
	template = true
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Image links
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table provides the data for the ${IMAGELINK} parameter, which gets
-- the image link for small padlock icons based on the page's protection action
-- and protection level. It is checked in the following order:
-- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level
-- 2. page's protection action, default protection level
-- 3. &quot;edit&quot; protection action, default protection level
--
-- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table.
-- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables.
imageLinks = {
	edit = {
		default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#full',
		templateeditor = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#template',
		extendedconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended',
		autoconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#semi'
	},
	move = {
		default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#move'
	},
	autoreview = {
		default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#pending'
	},
	upload = {
		default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#upload'
	}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Padlock indicator names
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table provides the &quot;name&quot; attribute for the &lt;indicator&gt; extension tag
-- with which small padlock icons are generated. All indicator tags on a page
-- are displayed in alphabetical order based on this attribute, and with
-- indicator tags with duplicate names, the last tag on the page wins.
-- The attribute is chosen based on the protection action; table keys must be a
-- protection action name or the string &quot;default&quot;.
padlockIndicatorNames = {
	autoreview = 'pp-autoreview',
	default = 'pp-default'
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection categories
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[[
-- The protection categories are stored in the protectionCategories table.
-- Keys to this table are made up of the following strings:
--
-- 1. the expiry date
-- 2. the namespace
-- 3. the protection reason (e.g. &quot;dispute&quot; or &quot;vandalism&quot;)
-- 4. the protection level (e.g. &quot;sysop&quot; or &quot;autoconfirmed&quot;)
-- 5. the action (e.g. &quot;edit&quot; or &quot;move&quot;)
-- 
-- When the module looks up a category in the table, first it will will check to
-- see a key exists that corresponds to all five parameters. For example, a
-- user page semi-protected from vandalism for two weeks would have the key
-- &quot;temp-user-vandalism-autoconfirmed-edit&quot;. If no match is found, the module
-- changes the first part of the key to &quot;all&quot; and checks the table again. It
-- keeps checking increasingly generic key combinations until it finds the
-- field, or until it reaches the key &quot;all-all-all-all-all&quot;.
--
-- The module uses a binary matrix to determine the order in which to search.
-- This is best demonstrated by a table. In this table, the &quot;0&quot; values
-- represent &quot;all&quot;, and the &quot;1&quot; values represent the original data (e.g.
-- &quot;indef&quot; or &quot;file&quot; or &quot;vandalism&quot;).
--
--        expiry    namespace reason   level     action
-- order
-- 1      1         1         1        1         1
-- 2      0         1         1        1         1
-- 3      1         0         1        1         1
-- 4      0         0         1        1         1
-- 5      1         1         0        1         1
-- 6      0         1         0        1         1
-- 7      1         0         0        1         1
-- 8      0         0         0        1         1
-- 9      1         1         1        0         1
-- 10     0         1         1        0         1
-- 11     1         0         1        0         1
-- 12     0         0         1        0         1
-- 13     1         1         0        0         1
-- 14     0         1         0        0         1
-- 15     1         0         0        0         1
-- 16     0         0         0        0         1
-- 17     1         1         1        1         0
-- 18     0         1         1        1         0
-- 19     1         0         1        1         0
-- 20     0         0         1        1         0
-- 21     1         1         0        1         0
-- 22     0         1         0        1         0
-- 23     1         0         0        1         0
-- 24     0         0         0        1         0
-- 25     1         1         1        0         0
-- 26     0         1         1        0         0
-- 27     1         0         1        0         0
-- 28     0         0         1        0         0
-- 29     1         1         0        0         0
-- 30     0         1         0        0         0
-- 31     1         0         0        0         0
-- 32     0         0         0        0         0
--
-- In this scheme the action has the highest priority, as it is the last
-- to change, and the expiry has the least priority, as it changes the most.
-- The priorities of the expiry, the protection level and the action are
-- fixed, but the priorities of the reason and the namespace can be swapped
-- through the use of the cfg.bannerDataNamespaceHasPriority table.
--]]

-- If the reason specified to the template is listed in this table,
-- namespace data will take priority over reason data in the protectionCategories
-- table.
reasonsWithNamespacePriority = {
	vandalism = true,
},

-- The string to use as a namespace key for the protectionCategories table for each
-- namespace number.
categoryNamespaceKeys = {
	[  2] = 'user',
	[  3] = 'user',
	[  4] = 'project',
	[  6] = 'file',
	[  8] = 'mediawiki',
	[ 10] = 'template',
	[ 12] = 'project',
	[ 14] = 'category',
	[100] = 'portal',
	[828] = 'module',
},

protectionCategories = {
	['all|all|all|all|all']                     = 'Wikipedia fully protected pages',
	['all|all|office|all|all']                  = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages',
	['all|all|reset|all|all']                   = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages',
	['all|all|dmca|all|all']                    = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages',
	['all|all|mainpage|all|all']                = 'Wikipedia fully protected main page files',
	['all|all|all|extendedconfirmed|all']       = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages',
	['all|all|ecp|extendedconfirmed|all']       = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages',
	['all|template|all|all|edit']               = 'Wikipedia fully protected templates',
	['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit']          = 'Wikipedia semi-protected pages',
	['indef|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit']        = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages',
	['all|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit']          = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people',
	['temp|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia temporarily semi-protected biographies of living people',
	['all|all|dispute|autoconfirmed|edit']      = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected due to dispute',
	['all|all|sock|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users',
	['all|all|vandalism|autoconfirmed|edit']    = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism',
	['all|category|all|autoconfirmed|edit']     = 'Wikipedia semi-protected categories',
	['all|file|all|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia semi-protected files',
	['all|portal|all|autoconfirmed|edit']       = 'Wikipedia semi-protected portals',
	['all|project|all|autoconfirmed|edit']      = 'Wikipedia semi-protected project pages',
	['all|talk|all|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia semi-protected talk pages',
	['all|template|all|autoconfirmed|edit']     = 'Wikipedia semi-protected templates',
	['all|user|all|autoconfirmed|edit']         = 'Wikipedia semi-protected user and user talk pages',
	['all|all|all|templateeditor|move']         = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules',
	['all|all|all|templateeditor|edit']         = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules',
	['all|template|all|templateeditor|edit']    = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates',
	['all|template|all|templateeditor|move']    = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates', -- move-protected templates
	['all|all|blp|sysop|edit']                  = 'Wikipedia indefinitely protected biographies of living people',
	['temp|all|blp|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia temporarily protected biographies of living people',
	['all|all|dispute|sysop|edit']              = 'Wikipedia pages protected due to dispute',
	['all|all|sock|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia pages protected from banned users',
	['all|all|vandalism|sysop|edit']            = 'Wikipedia pages protected against vandalism',
	['all|category|all|sysop|edit']             = 'Wikipedia fully protected categories',
	['all|file|all|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia fully protected files',
	['all|project|all|sysop|edit']              = 'Wikipedia fully protected project pages',
	['all|talk|all|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia fully protected talk pages',
	['all|template|all|extendedconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected templates',
	['all|template|all|extendedconfirmed|move'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected templates',
	['all|template|all|sysop|edit']             = 'Wikipedia fully protected templates',
	['all|user|all|sysop|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia fully protected user and user talk pages',
	['all|module|all|all|edit']                 = 'Wikipedia fully protected modules',
	['all|module|all|templateeditor|edit']      = 'Wikipedia template-protected modules',
	['all|module|all|extendedconfirmed|edit']   = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected modules',
	['all|module|all|autoconfirmed|edit']       = 'Wikipedia semi-protected modules',
	['all|all|all|sysop|move']                  = 'Wikipedia move-protected pages',
	['indef|all|all|sysop|move']                = 'Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages',
	['all|all|dispute|sysop|move']              = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to dispute',
	['all|all|vandalism|sysop|move']            = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism',
	['all|portal|all|sysop|move']               = 'Wikipedia move-protected portals',
	['all|project|all|sysop|move']              = 'Wikipedia move-protected project pages',
	['all|talk|all|sysop|move']                 = 'Wikipedia move-protected talk pages',
	['all|template|all|sysop|move']             = 'Wikipedia move-protected templates',
	['all|user|all|sysop|move']                 = 'Wikipedia move-protected user and user talk pages',
	['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|autoreview']    = 'Wikipedia pending changes protected pages',
	['all|file|all|all|upload']                 = 'Wikipedia upload-protected files',
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Expiry category config
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table configures the expiry category behaviour for each protection
-- action.
-- * If set to true, setting that action will always categorise the page if
--   an expiry parameter is not set.
-- * If set to false, setting that action will never categorise the page.
-- * If set to nil, the module will categorise the page if:
--   1) an expiry parameter is not set, and
--   2) a reason is provided, and
--   3) the specified reason is not blacklisted in the reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck
--      table.

expiryCheckActions = {
	edit = nil,
	move = false,
	autoreview = true,
	upload = false
},

reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck = {
	blp = true,
	template = true,
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Pagetypes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table produces the page types available with the ${PAGETYPE} parameter.
-- Keys are namespace numbers, or the string &quot;default&quot; for the default value.
pagetypes = {
	[0] = 'article',
	[6] = 'file',
	[10] = 'template',
	[14] = 'category',
	[828] = 'module',
	default = 'page'
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Strings marking indefinite protection
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table contains values passed to the expiry parameter that mean the page
-- is protected indefinitely.
indefStrings = {
	['indef'] = true,
	['indefinite'] = true,
	['indefinitely'] = true,
	['infinite'] = true,
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Group hierarchy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table maps each group to all groups that have a superset of the original
-- group's page editing permissions.
hierarchy = {
	sysop = {},
	reviewer = {'sysop'},
	filemover = {'sysop'},
	templateeditor = {'sysop'},
	extendedconfirmed = {'sysop'},
	autoconfirmed = {'reviewer', 'filemover', 'templateeditor', 'extendedconfirmed'},
	user = {'autoconfirmed'},
	['*'] = {'user'}
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Wrapper templates and their default arguments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This table contains wrapper templates used with the module, and their
-- default arguments. Templates specified in this table should contain the
-- following invocation, and no other template content:
--
-- {{#invoke:Protection banner|main}}
--
-- If other content is desired, it can be added between
-- &lt;noinclude&gt;...&lt;/noinclude&gt; tags.
--
-- When a user calls one of these wrapper templates, they will use the
-- default arguments automatically. However, users can override any of the
-- arguments.
wrappers = {
	['Template:Protected page']							= {},
	['Template:Extended confirmed–protected']			= {'ecp'},
	['Template:Protected biography of a living person']	= {'blp'},
	['Template:Protected due to a dispute']				= {'dispute'},
	['Template:Move-protected']							= {action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'},
	['Template:Move-protected due to a dispute']		= {'dispute', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'},
	['Template:Move-protected due to vandalism']		= {'vandalism', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'},
	['Template:Office-protected']						= {'office'},
	['Template:Pending changes–protected']				= {action = 'autoreview', small = true},
	['Template:Semi-protected indefinitely']			= {small = true},
	['Template:Protected due to sockpuppetry']			= {'sock'},
	['Template:Template-protected']						= {'template', small = true},
	['Template:Upload-protected']						= {action = 'upload'},
	['Template:Protected talk page of a blocked user']	= {'usertalk'},
	['Template:Protected due to vandalism']				= {'vandalism'},
},

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- 
--                                 MESSAGES
-- 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

msg = {

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Intro blurb and intro fragment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages specify what is produced by the ${INTROBLURB} and
-- ${INTROFRAGMENT} parameters. If the protection is temporary they use the
-- intro-blurb-expiry or intro-fragment-expiry, and if not they use
-- intro-blurb-noexpiry or intro-fragment-noexpiry.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages.
['intro-blurb-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY}.',
['intro-blurb-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}.',
['intro-fragment-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY},',
['intro-fragment-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tooltip blurb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages specify what is produced by the ${TOOLTIPBLURB} parameter.
-- If the protection is temporary the tooltip-blurb-expiry message is used, and
-- if not the tooltip-blurb-noexpiry message is used.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages.
['tooltip-blurb-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY}.',
['tooltip-blurb-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}.',
['tooltip-fragment-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY},',
['tooltip-fragment-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Special explanation blurb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- An explanation blurb for pages that cannot be unprotected, e.g. for pages
-- in the MediaWiki namespace.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message.
['explanation-blurb-nounprotect'] = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|'
	.. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.'
	.. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you'
	.. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an'
	.. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it'
	.. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit'
	.. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus'
	.. '|consensus]].',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Protection log display values
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages determine the display values for the protection log link
-- or the pending changes log link produced by the ${PROTECTIONLOG} parameter.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages.
['protection-log-display'] = 'protection log',
['pc-log-display'] = 'pending changes log',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Current version display values
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages determine the display values for the page history link
-- or the move log link produced by the ${CURRENTVERSION} parameter.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages.
['current-version-move-display'] = 'current title',
['current-version-edit-display'] = 'current version',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Talk page
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This message determines the display value of the talk page link produced
-- with the ${TALKPAGE} parameter.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message.
['talk-page-link-display'] = 'talk page',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Edit requests
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This message determines the display value of the edit request link produced
-- with the ${EDITREQUEST} parameter.
-- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message.
['edit-request-display'] = 'submit an edit request',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Expiry date format
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- This is the format for the blurb expiry date. It should be valid input for
-- the first parameter of the #time parser function.
['expiry-date-format'] = 'F j, Y &quot;at&quot; H:i e',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Tracking categories
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These messages determine which tracking categories the module outputs.
['tracking-category-incorrect'] = 'Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates',
['tracking-category-template'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Images
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- These are images that are not defined by their protection action and protection level.
['image-filename-indef'] = 'Full-protection-shackle.svg',
['image-filename-default'] = 'Transparent.gif',

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- End messages
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- End configuration
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
}</text>
      <sha1>pj6zo6l44p4bk4pwax9tlbkyf7cpx34</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Unichar/name/styles.css</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69806</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339356</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-05T19:13:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Pppery</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{pp-template}} */</comment>
      <origin>339356</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="126" sha1="3j9r5lzqecf1jjn0qgvcktq4zmv1zi5" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}} */
.unichar-name {
	font-variant: small-caps;
	text-transform: lowercase;
	font-feature-settings: 'onum';
}</text>
      <sha1>3j9r5lzqecf1jjn0qgvcktq4zmv1zi5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339357</id>
      <parentid>339356</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-25T18:09:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Suyash.dwivedi</username>
        <id>15373</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>1 badlao [[:en:Template:Unichar/name/styles.css]] se import karaa gais hae: imported from en wiki</comment>
      <origin>339356</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="126" sha1="3j9r5lzqecf1jjn0qgvcktq4zmv1zi5" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}} */
.unichar-name {
	font-variant: small-caps;
	text-transform: lowercase;
	font-feature-settings: 'onum';
}</text>
      <sha1>3j9r5lzqecf1jjn0qgvcktq4zmv1zi5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>