Wikipedia:Samaj Portal

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      <comment>/* Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon */ nawaa vibhag</comment>
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{{Samaj Portal Header}}
{{Archive box|auto=yes|search=yes}}
[[Category:Portals]]

&lt;!-- Please, put your message below. --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:42, 20 Actobar 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Actobar 2025 (UTC)
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== ESEAP Conference 2026 ==

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/ESEAP_Conference_2026 ESEAP Conference 2026] will be the 4th regional conference for Wikimedia communities throughout the ESEAP region. ESEAP stands for East, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. The conference will take place in Kaohsiung, Taiwan on 15–17 May 2026. The theme for the 2026 conference is &quot;New Era of ESEAP: Pioneer the Future Together!&quot;.  applications are open till November 30, 2025: &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:gray 3px 2px 3px;&quot;&gt;[[User:Suyash.dwivedi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF5733;&quot;&gt;Suyash&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:#2E86C1;&quot;&gt;Dwivedi&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;''' ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|💬]]) 18:48, 10 Navambar 2025 (UTC)

== New Gadget Added: WikidataInfo ==
Our community now has a new gadget, WikidataInfo. This gadget displays basic Wikidata information (such as labels, descriptions, and aliases) associated with that article at the top of every page, below the title.

This helps users quickly see what information an article has on Wikidata.
If you're looking for this feature, go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|Preferences → Gadgets]] and enable WikidataInfo. Request any other useful gadgets you may need. ''': &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:gray 3px 2px 3px;&quot;&gt;[[User:Suyash.dwivedi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF5733;&quot;&gt;Suyash&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:#2E86C1;&quot;&gt;Dwivedi&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;''' ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|💬]]) 19:40, 10 Navambar 2025 (UTC)

== Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 on Fiji-Hindi Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|200px|right|]]
'''Wikipedia Asian Month''' is an annual contest focused on promoting Asian content across various language-specific Wikipedias. Each participating community hosts a month-long online edit-a-thon every November–December to create new articles or improve existing ones about Asian topics, excluding those related to their own country. Participation is not limited to Asian communities.
'''This is the first-ever Fiji-Hindi Wikipedia edition''' of the contest. It will run from '''November 15, 2025, to December 14, 2025'''.Please '''[[Wikipedia:Asian Month/2025|click here]]''' to participate. ''': &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:gray 3px 2px 3px;&quot;&gt;[[User:Suyash.dwivedi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF5733;&quot;&gt;Suyash&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:#2E86C1;&quot;&gt;Dwivedi&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;''' ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|💬]]) 18:18, 14 Navambar 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Navambar 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:43, 28 Navambar 2025 (UTC)
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== Infobox display issue fix karis gais hae ==


Infobox ke display problem ab '''fix kar dewa gais hai'''! 

=== Ka rahaa samasya? ===
* Infobox pura page ke width me stretch hoe rahe rahaa
* Right side me float nai hoe rahe rahaa
* Article parrhe me dikkat hoe rahe rahaa

=== Ka fix karis gais hai? ===
* [[Module:Infobox/styles.css]] me complete styling add karis gais
* Width: 22em (standard Wikipedia width)
* Proper float right aur center alignment
* Title, image aur caption sab center aligned

=== Editors ke khatir ===
{{Tick}} Koi bhi template edit kare ke jarurat nai hai&lt;br&gt;
{{Tick}} Sab existing infobox automatically thik ho jaai&lt;br&gt;
{{Tick}} Sirf browser refresh karo (Ctrl+Shift+R)&lt;br&gt;

=== Example ===
Dekho: [[Bindusara]], [[Magadha]] - infobox ab sahi se display hoe hae!

Agar koi aur problem dikhai de to hiya report karo. ''': &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:gray 3px 2px 3px;&quot;&gt;[[User:Suyash.dwivedi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF5733;&quot;&gt;Suyash&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:#2E86C1;&quot;&gt;Dwivedi&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;''' ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|💬]]) 10:46, 29 Navambar 2025 (UTC)

== Fiji-Hindi Wikipedia – Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 Results ==

[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|120px|right|Wikipedia Asian Month Logo]]
[[File:Rose and Carnation Flower Bouquet 02.png|100px|left|Happy Wiki Anniversary]]
We are happy to announce the results of Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 for the Fiji-Hindi Wikipedia. This year marked our first participation in the campaign, and we are pleased to share that we received a total of 18 submissions.
We congratulate User [[sadasya:Sampaadak|'''Sampaadak''']] for being declared the winner. Results can be viewed here: https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/asian-month-2025-hif
Our sincere thanks to all participants for their valuable contributions. We hope to see increased community participation and even more article contributions in the coming year. Thank you -''': &lt;span style=&quot;text-shadow:gray 3px 2px 3px;&quot;&gt;[[User:Suyash.dwivedi|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FF5733;&quot;&gt;Suyash&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:#2E86C1;&quot;&gt;Dwivedi&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;''' ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|💬]]) 17:31, 21 Disambar 2025 (UTC)

== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Janwari 2026 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[sadasya:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[sadasya ke baat:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 Janwari 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:01, 19 Janwari 2026 (UTC)
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== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[sadasya:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[sadasya ke baat:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 Aprel 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|Baat]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 Juun 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
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-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Juun 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

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Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 Julai 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

* You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|en}}.
* If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

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* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
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[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Saptambar 2026 (UTC)
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== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==
''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)''

Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.&lt;br/&gt;
We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader).

We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.&lt;br/&gt;
Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis.
[[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of &quot;Language Link&quot; edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]]

The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why?
Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. 

Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]]

Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:26, 21 Saptambar 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==
''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)''

Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary.

The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the  Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].&lt;br/&gt;
Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes.

Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]])  sent via [[sadasya:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[sadasya ke baat:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:28, 9 Actobar 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==
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&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-10-28|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-10-28T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-10-28T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. 
You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

* You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-10-28|en}}.
* If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

* Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.

This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. 

'''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 14:01, 26 Actobar 2026 (UTC)
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  <page>
    <title>Indian Ocean</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="7033" sha1="9cmt4nhjxqv2oru0hfqx9ickpjv55zw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox body of water
| name               = Indian Ocean
| other_name         = &lt;!--    Images     --&gt;
| image              = Indian Ocean-CIA WFB Map.png
| alt                =  International Hydrographic Organization ke anusaar etana duur talak Indian Ocean hae.
| caption            = International Hydrographic Organization ke anusaar&lt;br/&gt; etana duur talak Indian Ocean hae.
| image_bathymetry   = Indian Ocean bathymetry srtm.png
| caption_bathymetry = Indian Ocean ilaaka ke Topographic/bathymetric chhaapa
&lt;!--    Stats      --&gt;| location           = 
| coordinates        = {{Coord|20|S|80|E|type:waterbody_scale:100000000}}
| type               = [[Ocean]]
| etymology          = 
| part_of            = 
| inflow             = [[Zambezi]], [[Ganges River|Ganges]]-[[Brahmaputra]], [[Indus River|Indus]],&lt;br/&gt; [[Jubba River|Jubba]], and [[Murray River|Murray]] (5 sab se barraa)
| oceans             = 
| catchment          = {{Convert|21100000|km2|abbr=on}}
| basin_countries    = [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]], [[Western Asia]],&lt;br/&gt; [[Northeast Africa|Northeast]], [[East Africa|East]] aur [[Southern Africa]]&lt;br/&gt; aur [[Australia (continent)|Australia]]
| length             = {{Convert|9600|km|abbr=on}}&lt;br/&gt;(Antarctica to Bay of Bengal)&lt;ref name=&quot;Demo-etal-intro&quot; /&gt;
| width              = {{Convert|7600|km|abbr=on}}&lt;br/&gt;(Africa to Australia)&lt;ref name=&quot;Demo-etal-intro&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Demopoulos|Smith|Tyler|2003|loc=Introduction, p. 219}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area               = {{Convert|70560000|km2|abbr=on}}
| depth              = {{Convert|3741|m|abbr=on}}
| max-depth          = {{Convert|7290|m|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;([[Sunda Trench]])
| volume             = &lt;!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --&gt;
| residence_time     = 
| salinity           = 
| shore              = {{Convert|66526|km|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;KeeIrv-2005&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Keesing|Irvine|2005|loc=Introduction, p. 11–12; Table 1, p.12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| elevation          = &lt;!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --&gt;
| temperature_high   = &lt;!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --&gt;
| temperature_low    = &lt;!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --&gt;
| islands            = [[Madagascar]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Maldives]], &lt;br/&gt;[[Réunion|Reunion]], [[Seychelles]], [[Mauritius]],&lt;br/&gt; [[Lakshwadeep]], [[Andaman and Nicobar]]
| islands_category   = Islands of the Indian Ocean
| sections           = 
| trenches           = 
| benches            = 
| cities             = [[Mumbai]], [[Chennai]], [[Perth]], dher aur
&lt;!--   Below       --&gt;| reference          = &lt;ref name=&quot;CIAWFB-2018&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|CIA World Fact Book 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
{{Paanch Ocean|Indianocean|PNG}}
'''Indian Ocean''' uu [[ocean]] hae jiske north me [[Asia]], east me [[Australia]] aur [[Pacific Ocean]], south me [[Southern Ocean]], aur west me [[Africa]] aur [[Atlantic Ocean]] hae. Iske naam [[India]] se aais hae jon ki north me hae aur jiske sab beach Indian Ocean se mile hae. [[Bay of Bengal]], [[Arabian Sea]], [[Persian Gulf]] aur[[Red Sea]] sab ii ocean ke bhaag hae.
[[file:2004 Indonesia Tsunami edit.gif|left|200px|2004 Indian Ocean tsunami ke animation]]

== Indian Ocean ke border ==
[[file:Indian Ocean - en IHO.png|thumb|right|300px|The Indian Ocean, jaise ki [[CIA]] ''[[The World Factbook]]'' me likha gais hae&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= Indian Ocean |work= [[The World Factbook]] |publisher= [[Central Intelligence Agency]] |url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xo.html |accessdate= 27 November 2010 |archive-date= 12 June 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070612211825/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xo.html |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (blue area), and as defined by the IHO (black outline - excluding marginal waterbodies).]]

[[Indian Ocean]], southern [[Asia]] talak jaawe hae aur [[Africa]] aur [[Australia]] ke alag kare hae.

[[International Hydrographic Organization]] (IHO) ke 3rd edition, ''Limits of Oceans and Seas'' ,Indian Ocean (isme se chhota chhota samundar ke nikal dewa gais hae) ke ii rakam se define kare hae:&lt;ref name=&quot;iho-ohi.net&quot;/&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
''Uttar ke bagal'', [[Arabian Sea]] hae, jiske ke dakchhin me&lt;ref group=&quot;Indian&quot;&gt;Iske IHO define kare hae &quot;A line running from the South extremity of [[Addu Atoll]] ([[Maldives]]), to the Eastern extreme of [[Hafun|Ràs Hafun]] ([[Africa]], 10°26'N)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Lakshadweep Sea]] hae. [[Bay of Bengal]] ke dakchhin se,&lt;ref group=&quot;Indian&quot;&gt;Defined by IHO as &quot;[[Adam's Bridge]] (between India and Ceylon and from the Southern extreme of [[Dondra Head]] (South point of Ceylon) to the North point of Poeloe Bras ({{Coord|5|44|N|95|04|E|display=inline}})&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;  [[East Indian Archipelago|East Indian Archipelago ke oachchhim se]],&lt;ref group=&quot;Indian&quot;&gt;Defined by IHO as the southern limits of the [[Java Sea]] (&quot;the North and West coasts of Java to Java Hoofd ({{Coord|6|46|S|105|12|E|display=inline}}) its Western point, and thence a line to Vlakke Hoek ({{Coord|5|55|S|104|35|E|display=inline}}) the Southern extreme of [[Sumatra]]&quot;), the [[Bali Sea]] (&quot;A line from Tanjong Banenan through the Southern points of Balt {{sic}} and [[Nusa Penida|Noesa]] Islands to Tanjong Bt Gendang, the Southwest extreme of [[Lombok]], and its South coast to Tanjong Ringgit the Southeast extreme, thence a line to Tanjong Mangkoen ({{Coord|9|01|S|116|43|E|display=inline}}) the Southwest extreme of [[Sumbawa|Soembawa]]&quot;), the [[Savu Sea]] (&quot;By a line from the Southwest point of Timor to the Northeast point of [[Rote Island|Roti]], through this island to its Southwest point, thence a line to Poeloe Dana ({{Coord|10|49|S|121|17|E|display=inline}}) and to Tanjong Ngoendjoe, the Southern extreme of [[Sumba|Soemba]] and through this island to Tanjong Karosso, its Western point&quot;), and the western limit of the [[Timor Sea]] (&quot;A line from Cape Londonderry to the Southwest point of [[Rote Island|Roti Island]] ({{Coord|10|56|S|122|48|E|display=inline}})&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; aur [[Great Australian Bight]] ke dakchhin se.&lt;ref group=&quot;Indian&quot;&gt;Defined by IHO as &quot;A line joining [[West Cape Howe National Park|West Cape Howe]] ({{Coord|35|08|S|117|37|E|display=inline}}) [[Australia]] to [[South West Cape (Tasmania)|South West Cape]], [[Tasmania]]&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;p&gt;''Pachchhim me.''  [[Cape Agulhas]] sen [[20th meridian east|20° long. East]], aur ii meridian ke follow kar ke [[Antarctica|Antarctic Continent]] talak.
&lt;p&gt;''East me.'' [[South East Cape]], [[Tasmania]] ke sab se dakchhin jagha se meridian 146°55'E Antarctic Continent talak.
&lt;p&gt;''South me.'' Antarctic Continent.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;references group=&quot;Indian&quot; /&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Duusra websites ==
* [http://www.alphavilla.co.uk/mauritius_map_indian_ocean.html Maps of the indian Ocean] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112134042/http://www.alphavilla.co.uk/mauritius_map_indian_ocean.html |date=2011-11-12 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070707212757/http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_Indien Océan Indien in easy French]

[[vibhag:Indian Ocean| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marlene Dietrich</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2775</id>
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      <text bytes="10528" sha1="8o3o0o62pc2mnfnxbrzgq98dbjpm7qe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox actor
| bgcolour     = silver
| name         = Marlene Dietrich
| image        = Marlene Dietrich in Stage Fright trailer.jpg
| imagesize    = 237px
| caption      = From the trailer for ''Stage Fright'' 
| birthdate    = [[27 December]] [[1901]]
| birthplace   = Berlin-Schöneberg, German Empire
| deathdate    = [[6 May]] [[1992]]
| deathplace   = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| birthname    = Marie Magdalene Dietrich
| occupation = Actress/Singer 
| yearsactive  = 1919–1984
| spouse       = Rudolf Sieber (1924–1976)
| academyawards = 
| tonyawards = '''Special Tony Award''' (1968)
| homepage = http://www.marlene.com/
}}
'''Marlene Dietrich''' ([[27 December]], [[1901]] – [[6 May]], [[1992]]), [[Germany]] ke ek abhinetri (actress), gawaiya, aur entertainer rahii rahii. Ii pahila German actress rahii jon ki Hollywood me safal bhaes rahaa.

Uske ek kaafi din talak kaam kais rahaa, jon ki ek cabaret me gawe waali, chorus girl aur abhinetri se [[Berlin]] me 1920s me suruu bhaes rahaa. 1930s me uu ek Hollywood filam star banis, [[World War II]] me larrai waala jahga pe entertainer rahii aur aakhri me 1950s aur 60s me ek international stage show abhinetri banis. 

== Bachpan ke din ==
{{multiple image
&lt;!-- Essential parameters --&gt;
| align     = left
| direction = vertical
| width     = 170
&lt;!-- Image 1 --&gt;
| image1    = Map Rote Insel-Berlin.svg
| alt1      = 
| caption1  = Location of Marlene Dietrich's birthplace in [[Rote Insel]] in Berlin
&lt;!-- Image 2 --&gt;
| image2    = Marlene Dietrich Birth House Panorama 2012-07-28 small.tiff
| alt2      = 
| caption2  = Dietrich's birthplace in Leberstraße 65, Berlin-[[Schöneberg]]
}}

Marlene Dietrich ke janam ke naam Marie Magdalene Dietrich rahaa aur uu 27 December 1901 ke Leberstraße 65  [[Rote Insel]] in [[Schöneberg]] ke neighbourhood me, jon abhi Berlin me hae, me paida bhais rahii. Uske maiyaa, Wilhelmina Elisabeth Josefine (née Felsing), ek dhani  Berlin palwaar, jon  ek jewelry aur clock-making firm ke maalik rahaa se rahii. Uske pitaji  Louis Erich Otto Dietrich, ek police lieutenant rahaa. Dietrich ke ek bahini rahaa, Elisabeth (5 February 1900 – 8 May 1973).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FamilySearch.org |url=https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LZ4F-D5G/ottilie-josefine-elisabeth-dietrich-1900-1973 |access-date=20 May 2023 |website=ancestors.familysearch.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dietrich ke pitaji ke janam  26 August 1867 aur maut August 1908 me bhais rahaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Louis Erich Otto Dietrich 1867–1908 – Ancestry® |url=https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/louis-erich-otto-dietrich-24-6vrhrf |access-date=21 May 2023 |website=www.ancestry.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Bach|2011|p=19}} Uske khaas dost, Eduard von Losch, ek [[Aristocracy (class)|aristocratic]] first lieutenant  [[Grenadiers]] me, Wilhelmina se saadi 1914 me karis rahaa, lekin uu July 1916 me mar gais rahaa from wounds sustained during the First World War.&lt;ref name=Born /&gt; Von Losch kabhi officially  Dietrich bahini log ke adopt nai karis rahaa, jiske kaaran Dietrich ke surname  von Losch kabhi nai rahaa, jaise kabhi-kabhi bataawa gais hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ourqueerhistory.com/marlene-dietrich-german-american-actress-and-singer/|title=Marlene Dietrich (German-American actress and singer)|work=Our Queer History|date=9 February 2016|access-date=1 June 2016|archive-date=15 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815061447/http://ourqueerhistory.com/marlene-dietrich-german-american-actress-and-singer/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dietrich ke palwaar uske  &quot;Lena&quot;, &quot;Lene&quot;, nai to &quot;Leni&quot; ke nicknamae diye rahin({{IPA|de|leːnɛ|IPA}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yf2741A_BkYC&amp;q=maria+magdalena+dietrich&amp;pg=PA56|title = A to Z of American Women in the Performing Arts|isbn = 978-1-4381-0790-5|last1 = Sonneborn|first1 = Liz|date = 14 May 2014| publisher=Infobase }}&lt;/ref&gt; Gyrah saal ke umar me uu duuno naam ke jorr ke &quot;Marlene&quot; naam banais rahaa. Dietrich Auguste-Viktoria Girls' School me 1907 se 1917 talak parrhis rahaa.{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=20}} aur  Victoria-Luise-Schule (abhi ke Goethe-Gymnasium) [[Berlin-Wilmersdorf]] me,  1918 me garaduate karis rahaa.{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=26}} Uu violin study karis rahaa {{sfn|Bach|1992|p=32}} aur  theater aur poetry ke dhuaan dewat rahii, jab uu teenager rahii. Ek wrist injury{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=39}} ke kaaran uu  concert violinist nai bane paais, lekin 1922 talak uske pahila kaam milaa rahaa violinbajaawe ke ek  [[pit orchestra]] for silent films at a Berlin cinema. She was fired after four weeks.{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=42}}

Uske sab se pahila professional stage appearances ek [[chorus girl]] ban ke rahaa Guido Thielscher's Girl-Kabarett [[vaudeville]]-style entertainments and in [[Rudolf Nelson]] revues in Berlin ke tour ke saathe.{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=44}} 1922 me, Dietrich bina safaltaa ke theatrical director and impresario [[Max Reinhardt]]'s drama academy ke khaatir audition karis rahaa;{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=49}} lekin, kuchh din baad Detriech uske  theatres me  chorus girl aaur small roles in dramas karis rahaa.

=== Kaam ke suruwaat ===
Dietrich pahila dafe film me acting ek chhotaa part   film ''[[The Little Napoleon]]'' (1923) me karis rahaa.{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=491}} Uu aapan aage ke admii,  Rudolf Sieber ke ''[[Tragedy of Love]]''  ke set me, 1923 me milis rahaa. Dietrich aur Sieber ke saaadi ek civil ceremony me, Berlin me, 17 May 1923 me bhais rahaa.{{sfn|Bach|2011|p=62}} Uske ekke larrki [[Maria Riva|Maria Elisabeth Sieber]], ke janam 13 December 1924 me bhais rahaa.{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=65}}

Dietrich  stage aur film me, duuno Berlin aur Vienna mee [[1920s]] bhar kaam karis rahaa. Stage pe, uske role dher rakam ke importance ke rahaa [[Frank Wedekind]]' ke'[[Pandora's Box (play)|Pandora's Box]]'',{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=480}} [[William Shakespeare]] ke ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]''{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=480}} aur ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'',{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=482}} aur [[George Bernard Shaw]] ke ''[[Back to Methuselah]]''{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=483}} aur ''[[Misalliance (play)|Misalliance]]''.{{sfn|Bach|1992|p=488}} Musicals aur revues jaise ''Broadway'', ''Es Liegt in der Luft'', aur ''Zwei Krawatten'', me uske jaada dhyaan milaa rahaa. Late 1920s talak, Dietrich khaas parts screen me karat rahii, jisme rahaa roles in ''[[Café Elektric]]'' (1927), ''[[I Kiss Your Hand, Madame]]'' (1928), aur ''[[The Ship of Lost Souls]]'' (1929).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ship of Lost Men (Das Schiff der verlorenen Menschen)|url=https://www.amazon.com/Ship-Lost-Schiff-verlorenen-Menschen/dp/B008L1GDK6|publisher=Amazon|access-date=17 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Chapa ke gallery ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Marlene Dietrich in Morocco trailer 2.jpg|1930 me, ''Morroco'' ke triler se
Bundesarchiv Bild 102-14627, Marlene Dietrich.jpg|1933, Germany me
Marlene Dietrich in A Foreign Affair trailer.JPG|1948 me ''A Foreign Affair'' ke trailer me
|1997 ke Germany ke stamp me
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Films ==
* ''Im Schatten des Glücks'' (1919)
* ''Love Tragedy'' (1923)
* ''The Little Napoleon'' (1923)
* ''Man by the Wayside'' (1923)
* ''Leap Into Life'' (1924)
* ''Dance Mad'' (1925)
* ''The Bogus Baron'' (1926)
* ''[[Manon Lescaut]]'' (1926)
* ''Madame Doesn't Want Children'' (1926)
* ''A Modern DuBarry'' (1927)
* ''Chin Up, Charley!'' (1927)
* ''His Greatest Bluff'' (1927)
* ''Cafe Electric'' (1927)
* ''Princess Olala'' (1928)
* ''Dangers of the Engagement Period'' (1929)
* ''I Kiss Your Hand Madame'' (1929)
* ''The Woman One Longs For'' (1929)
* ''The Ship of Lost Men'' (1929)
* ''The Blue Angel'' (1930)
* ''Morocco'' (1930)
* ''Dishonored'' (1931)
* ''Shanghae Express'' (1932)
* ''Blonde Venus'' (1932)
* ''The Song of Songs'' (1933)
* ''The Scarlet Empress'' (1934)
* ''The Fashion Side of Hollywood'' (1935) (short subject)
* ''The Devil is a Woman'' (1935)
* ''I Loved a Soldier'' (1936) (unfinished)
* ''Desire'' (1936)
* ''The Garden of Allah'' (1936)
* ''Knight Without Armour'' (1937)
* ''Angel'' (1937)
* ''[[Destry Rides Again]]'' (1939)
* ''Seven Sinners'' (1940)
* ''The Flame of New Orleans'' (1941)
* ''Manpower'' (1941)
* ''The Lady Is Willing'' (1942)
* ''The Spoilers'' (1942)
* ''Pittsburgh'' (1942)
* ''Show Business at War'' (1943) (short subject)
* ''Follow the Boys'' (1944)
* ''Kismet'' (1944)
* ''Martin Roumagnac'' (1946)
* ''Golden Earrings'' (1947)
* ''A Foreign Affair'' (1948)
* ''Jigsaw'' (1949) (cameo)
* ''Stage Fright'' (1950)
* ''No Highway in the Sky'' (1951)
* ''Rancho Notorious'' (1952)
* ''The Monte Carlo Story'' (1956)
* ''Around the World in Eighty Days'' (1956) (cameo)
* ''Witness for the Prosecution'' (1957)
* ''Touch of Evil'' (1958)
* ''Judgment at Nuremberg'' (1961)
* ''Black Fox: The True Story of Adolf Hitler'' (1962) (documentary) (narrator)
* ''Paris, When It Sizzles'' (1964) (cameo)
* ''An Evening With Marlene Dietrich'' (''I Wish You Love'') (1972) London concert film
* ''Just a Gigolo'' (1979)
* ''Marlene'' (1984) (documentary)

== Duusra websites ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.marlene.com/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060212183356/http://www.marlenedietrich.org/ Marlene Dietrich UK Website The Legendary, Lovely Marlene]
* [http://mysite.mweb.co.za/residents/tt21/ LEGEND : Marlene Dietrich's concert career.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117053959/http://mysite.mweb.co.za/residents/tt21/ |date=2014-01-17 }}
* [http://www14.brinkster.com/hitmaker/art.asp?ID=DietrichMarlene&amp;NotB=N The Hitmaker Archive of Dietrich's recordings associated with Burt Bacharach's musical direction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013110450/http://www14.brinkster.com/hitmaker/art.asp?ID=DietrichMarlene&amp;NotB=N |date=2007-10-13 }}
* [http://www.thebookstandard.com/bookstandard/news/hollywood/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001434638 &quot;Lost Marlene Dietrich Love Poem to Ronald Reagan Found&quot;]
* [http://www.fyne.co.uk/index.php?item=218 Gay Great - Marlene Dietrich]
* [http://www.abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=2989920&amp;page=1 ABC Nightline (03/28/07): 'I Want to Kiss You Forever': Romance and Friendship Mix in Rare Dietrich, Hemingway Letters Set for First Public Viewing]
* [http://www.lenci-dolls.net/07012006.html Marlene Dietrich's mascot dolls]
* [http://marlenedietrich.org/ Marlene Dietrich Collection, Berlin (MDCB)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060212183356/http://www.marlenedietrich.org/ |date=2006-02-12 }}

{{BD|1901|1992|Dietrich, Marlene}}

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      <text bytes="1472" sha1="rts6lbb8agoyrla0edogj855kn8nsrz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| name          = kelvin &lt;!--not capitalised--&gt;
| image         = Temperature-scales-comparison.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert-image
| caption       = Equivalent temperatures in the Kelvin&amp;nbsp;(K), [[Celsius]]&amp;nbsp;(°C), and [[Fahrenheit]]&amp;nbsp;(°F) scales
| standard      = [[SI]]
| quantity      = [[temperature]]
| symbol        = K
| namedafter    = [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin]]
| conversionslink = [[Conversion of scales of temperature#Kelvin scale|Conversions]]
| calcinput = {{calculator|id=k|type=number|min=0|size=6|default=273.15}}
| convertfromx  = yes
| units1        = [[Celsius]]
| inunits1      = {{calculator|id=c|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round(k-273.15,5)|default=0}}&amp;nbsp;[[Celsius|°C]]
| units2        = [[Fahrenheit]]
| inunits2      = {{calculator|id=f|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round((k-273.15)*9/5+32,5)|default=32}}&amp;nbsp;[[Fahrenheit|°F]]
| units3        = [[Rankine scale]]
| inunits3      = {{calculator|id=ra|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round(k*1.8,5)|default=491.67}}&amp;nbsp;[[Rankine scale|°Ra]]
| extraheader   = 
| extralabel    = 2019 definition
| extradata     = [[Boltzmann constant|{{math|''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;}}]] ≝ {{val|1.380649|e=-23}}&amp;nbsp;[[Joules|J]]/K
}}
'''Kelvin''', garmii ke naap ke unit hae. Ii saat [[SI base unit|base units]] me [[International System of Units]] (SI) se ek hae au iske symbol '''K''' hae.

[[Vibhag:K]]
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      <text bytes="1463" sha1="lcyyxccmca45124naw84k603pgezgfp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| name          = kelvin &lt;!--not capitalised--&gt;
| image         = Temperature-scales-comparison.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert-image
| caption       = Baraabar ke garmii Kelvin&amp;nbsp;(K), [[Celsius]]&amp;nbsp;(°C), aur [[Fahrenheit]]&amp;nbsp;(°F) scales me
| standard      = [[SI]]
| quantity      = [[temperature]]
| symbol        = K
| namedafter    = [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin]]
| conversionslink = [[Conversion of scales of temperature#Kelvin scale|Conversions]]
| calcinput = {{calculator|id=k|type=number|min=0|size=6|default=273.15}}
| convertfromx  = yes
| units1        = [[Celsius]]
| inunits1      = {{calculator|id=c|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round(k-273.15,5)|default=0}}&amp;nbsp;[[Celsius|°C]]
| units2        = [[Fahrenheit]]
| inunits2      = {{calculator|id=f|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round((k-273.15)*9/5+32,5)|default=32}}&amp;nbsp;[[Fahrenheit|°F]]
| units3        = [[Rankine scale]]
| inunits3      = {{calculator|id=ra|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round(k*1.8,5)|default=491.67}}&amp;nbsp;[[Rankine scale|°Ra]]
| extraheader   = 
| extralabel    = 2019 definition
| extradata     = [[Boltzmann constant|{{math|''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;}}]] ≝ {{val|1.380649|e=-23}}&amp;nbsp;[[Joules|J]]/K
}}
'''Kelvin''', garmii ke naap ke unit hae. Ii saat [[SI base unit|base units]] me [[International System of Units]] (SI) se ek hae au iske symbol '''K''' hae.

[[Vibhag:K]]
[[Category:SI base units]]
[[Category:Naap taul]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="1928" sha1="rofefsbeykc51bkkkz47s26nk4c7bk4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| name          = kelvin &lt;!--not capitalised--&gt;
| image         = Temperature-scales-comparison.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert-image
| caption       = Baraabar ke garmii Kelvin&amp;nbsp;(K), [[Celsius]]&amp;nbsp;(°C), aur [[Fahrenheit]]&amp;nbsp;(°F) scales me
| standard      = [[SI]]
| quantity      = [[temperature]]
| symbol        = K
| namedafter    = [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin]]
| conversionslink = [[Conversion of scales of temperature#Kelvin scale|Conversions]]
| calcinput = {{calculator|id=k|type=number|min=0|size=6|default=273.15}}
| convertfromx  = yes
| units1        = [[Celsius]]
| inunits1      = {{calculator|id=c|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round(k-273.15,5)|default=0}}&amp;nbsp;[[Celsius|°C]]
| units2        = [[Fahrenheit]]
| inunits2      = {{calculator|id=f|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round((k-273.15)*9/5+32,5)|default=32}}&amp;nbsp;[[Fahrenheit|°F]]
| units3        = [[Rankine scale]]
| inunits3      = {{calculator|id=ra|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round(k*1.8,5)|default=491.67}}&amp;nbsp;[[Rankine scale|°Ra]]
| extraheader   = 
| extralabel    = 2019 definition
| extradata     = [[Boltzmann constant|{{math|''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;}}]] ≝ {{val|1.380649|e=-23}}&amp;nbsp;[[Joules|J]]/K
}}
'''Kelvin''', garmii ke naap ke unit hae. Ii saat [[SI base unit|base units]] me [[International System of Units]] (SI) se ek hae au iske symbol '''K''' hae. '''Kelvin scale''' ek absolute garmii ke naape waala scale hae  jon sab se kamtii temperature hoe sake hae ([[absolute zero]]),  jiske 0&amp;nbsp;K maana jaawe hae. Definition ke anusaar, Celsius scale (symbol °C) aur Kelvin scale ke ekke magnitude hae (jiske matlab hae ki, garmii keek kelvin  se barrnaa aur  1&amp;nbsp;°C  ke barrai, duuno  1&amp;nbsp;K ke baraaba r hae), aur koi temperature  degrees Celsius me ke  kelvin scale me badlaa jaawe sake hae, 273.15 jorr ke.

[[Vibhag:K]]
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      <text bytes="2805" sha1="qnug6d5dsk2pxwc243tmkfglxyxs2dg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| name          = kelvin &lt;!--not capitalised--&gt;
| image         = Temperature-scales-comparison.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert-image
| caption       = Baraabar ke garmii Kelvin&amp;nbsp;(K), [[Celsius]]&amp;nbsp;(°C), aur [[Fahrenheit]]&amp;nbsp;(°F) scales me
| standard      = [[SI]]
| quantity      = [[temperature]]
| symbol        = K
| namedafter    = [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin]]
| conversionslink = [[Conversion of scales of temperature#Kelvin scale|Conversions]]
| calcinput = {{calculator|id=k|type=number|min=0|size=6|default=273.15}}
| convertfromx  = yes
| units1        = [[Celsius]]
| inunits1      = {{calculator|id=c|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round(k-273.15,5)|default=0}}&amp;nbsp;[[Celsius|°C]]
| units2        = [[Fahrenheit]]
| inunits2      = {{calculator|id=f|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round((k-273.15)*9/5+32,5)|default=32}}&amp;nbsp;[[Fahrenheit|°F]]
| units3        = [[Rankine scale]]
| inunits3      = {{calculator|id=ra|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round(k*1.8,5)|default=491.67}}&amp;nbsp;[[Rankine scale|°Ra]]
| extraheader   = 
| extralabel    = 2019 definition
| extradata     = [[Boltzmann constant|{{math|''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;}}]] ≝ {{val|1.380649|e=-23}}&amp;nbsp;[[Joules|J]]/K
}}
'''Kelvin''', garmii ke naap ke unit hae. Ii saat [[SI base unit|base units]] me [[International System of Units]] (SI) se ek hae au iske symbol '''K''' hae. '''Kelvin scale''' ek absolute garmii ke naape waala scale hae  jon sab se kamtii temperature hoe sake hae ([[absolute zero]]),  jiske 0&amp;nbsp;K maana jaawe hae. Definition ke anusaar, Celsius scale (symbol °C) aur Kelvin scale ke ekke magnitude hae (jiske matlab hae ki, garmii keek kelvin  se barrnaa aur  1&amp;nbsp;°C  ke barrai, duuno  1&amp;nbsp;K ke baraaba r hae), aur koi temperature  degrees Celsius me ke  kelvin scale me badlaa jaawe sake hae, 273.15 jorr ke.

19th-century ke [[Great Britain|British]] vigyanik, [[Lord Kelvin]] sab se pahile ii scale ke  develop aur propose karis rahaa. Iske dher dafe  &quot;absolute Celsius&quot; scale bola jaawat rahaa, [[20th century]] ke suruwaat me. Kelvin ke formally International System of Units me 1954 me jorraa gais rahaa, jon define karat rahaa 273.16&amp;nbsp;K ke paani ke triple point ke temperature (0.01 °C). [[Celsius]], [[Fahrenheit]], aur [[Rankine scale|Rankine]] scales ke fir se define karaa gais rahaa  Kelvin scale ke terms me ii definition ke kaam me laae ke.  [[2019 revision of the SI]] abhi now define kare hae  kelvin ke  in terms of energy by setting the [[Boltzmann constant]]; every 1&amp;nbsp;K change of [[thermodynamic temperature]] corresponds to a change in the [[thermal energy]], {{math|''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;''T''}}, of ''exactly'' {{physconst|k|ref=no|symbol=no|unit=[[joules]]}}.
[[Vibhag:K]]
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      <id>339373</id>
      <parentid>339372</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T09:53:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DrAndySingh</username>
        <id>33780</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>339373</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2795" sha1="2biczaxlriuvx7df2x2zr9wo7bf5khb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| name          = kelvin &lt;!--not capitalised--&gt;
| image         = Temperature-scales-comparison.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert-image
| caption       = Baraabar ke garmii Kelvin&amp;nbsp;(K), [[Celsius]]&amp;nbsp;(°C), aur [[Fahrenheit]]&amp;nbsp;(°F) scales me
| standard      = [[SI]]
| quantity      = [[temperature]]
| symbol        = K
| namedafter    = [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin]]
| conversionslink = [[Conversion of scales of temperature#Kelvin scale|Conversions]]
| calcinput = {{calculator|id=k|type=number|min=0|size=6|default=273.15}}
| convertfromx  = yes
| units1        = [[Celsius]]
| inunits1      = {{calculator|id=c|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round(k-273.15,5)|default=0}}&amp;nbsp;[[Celsius|°C]]
| units2        = [[Fahrenheit]]
| inunits2      = {{calculator|id=f|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round((k-273.15)*9/5+32,5)|default=32}}&amp;nbsp;[[Fahrenheit|°F]]
| units3        = [[Rankine scale]]
| inunits3      = {{calculator|id=ra|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round(k*1.8,5)|default=491.67}}&amp;nbsp;[[Rankine scale|°Ra]]
| extraheader   = 
| extralabel    = 2019 definition
| extradata     = [[Boltzmann constant|{{math|''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;}}]] ≝ {{val|1.380649|e=-23}}&amp;nbsp;[[Joules|J]]/K
}}
'''Kelvin''', garmii ke naap ke unit hae. Ii saat [[SI base unit|base units]] me [[International System of Units]] (SI) se ek hae au iske symbol '''K''' hae. '''Kelvin scale''' ek absolute garmii ke naape waala scale hae  jon sab se kamtii temperature hoe sake hae ([[absolute zero]]),  jiske 0&amp;nbsp;K maana jaawe hae. Definition ke anusaar, Celsius scale (symbol °C) aur Kelvin scale ke ekke magnitude hae (jiske matlab hae ki, garmii keek kelvin  se barrnaa aur  1&amp;nbsp;°C  ke barrai, duuno  1&amp;nbsp;K ke baraaba r hae), aur koi temperature  degrees Celsius me ke  kelvin scale me badlaa jaawe sake hae, 273.15 jorr ke.

19th-century ke [[Great Britain|British]] vigyanik, [[Lord Kelvin]] sab se pahile ii scale ke  develop aur propose karis rahaa. Iske dher dafe  &quot;absolute Celsius&quot; scale bola jaawat rahaa, [[20th century]] ke suruwaat me. Kelvin ke formally International System of Units me 1954 me jorraa gais rahaa, jon define karat rahaa 273.16&amp;nbsp;K ke paani ke triple point ke temperature (0.01 °C). [[Celsius]], [[Fahrenheit]], aur [[Rankine scale|Rankine]] scales ke fir se define karaa gais rahaa  Kelvin scale ke terms me ii definition ke kaam me laae ke.  [[2019 revision of the SI]] abhi now define kare hae  kelvin ke   energy se  [[Boltzmann constant]] ke set kar ke; har ek 1&amp;nbsp;K  [[thermodynamic temperature]] ke badlao  [[thermal energy]] ke badlao ke baraabar hae, {{math|''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;''T''}}, of ''exactly'' {{physconst|k|ref=no|symbol=no|unit=[[joules]]}}.
[[Vibhag:K]]
[[Category:SI base units]]
[[Category:Naap taul]]</text>
      <sha1>2biczaxlriuvx7df2x2zr9wo7bf5khb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>339375</id>
      <parentid>339373</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T09:56:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DrAndySingh</username>
        <id>33780</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>339375</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2757" sha1="geltur7l9xmy2b937c98np5lyc1nzqr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| name          = kelvin &lt;!--not capitalised--&gt;
| image         = Temperature-scales-comparison.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert-image
| caption       = Baraabar ke garmii Kelvin&amp;nbsp;(K), [[Celsius]]&amp;nbsp;(°C), aur [[Fahrenheit]]&amp;nbsp;(°F) scales me
| standard      = [[SI]]
| quantity      = [[temperature]]
| symbol        = K
| namedafter    = [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin]]
| conversionslink = [[Conversion of scales of temperature#Kelvin scale|Conversions]]
| calcinput = {{calculator|id=k|type=number|min=0|size=6|default=273.15}}
| convertfromx  = yes
| units1        = [[Celsius]]
| inunits1      = {{calculator|id=c|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round(k-273.15,5)|default=0}}&amp;nbsp;[[Celsius|°C]]
| units2        = [[Fahrenheit]]
| inunits2      = {{calculator|id=f|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round((k-273.15)*9/5+32,5)|default=32}}&amp;nbsp;[[Fahrenheit|°F]]
| units3        = [[Rankine scale]]
| inunits3      = {{calculator|id=ra|type=plain|size=9|NaN-text=?|formula=round(k*1.8,5)|default=491.67}}&amp;nbsp;[[Rankine scale|°Ra]]
| extraheader   = 
| extralabel    = 2019 definition
| extradata     = [[Boltzmann constant|{{math|''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;}}]] ≝ {{val|1.380649|e=-23}}&amp;nbsp;[[Joules|J]]/K
}}
'''Kelvin''', garmii ke naap ke unit hae. Ii saat [[SI base unit|base units]] me [[International System of Units]] (SI) se ek hae au iske symbol '''K''' hae. '''Kelvin scale''' ek absolute garmii ke naape waala scale hae  jon sab se kamtii temperature hoe sake hae ([[absolute zero]]),  jiske 0&amp;nbsp;K maana jaawe hae. Definition ke anusaar, Celsius scale (symbol °C) aur Kelvin scale ke ekke magnitude hae (jiske matlab hae ki, garmii keek kelvin  se barrnaa aur  1&amp;nbsp;°C  ke barrai, duuno  1&amp;nbsp;K ke baraaba r hae), aur koi temperature  degrees Celsius me ke  kelvin scale me badlaa jaawe sake hae, 273.15 jorr ke.

19th-century ke [[Great Britain|British]] vigyanik, [[Lord Kelvin]] sab se pahile ii scale ke  develop aur propose karis rahaa. Iske dher dafe  &quot;absolute Celsius&quot; scale bola jaawat rahaa, [[20th century]] ke suruwaat me. Kelvin ke formally International System of Units me 1954 me jorraa gais rahaa, jon define karat rahaa 273.16&amp;nbsp;K ke paani ke triple point ke temperature (0.01 °C). [[Celsius]], [[Fahrenheit]], aur [[Rankine scale|Rankine]] scales ke fir se define karaa gais rahaa  Kelvin scale ke terms me ii definition ke kaam me laae ke.  [[2019 revision of the SI]] abhi now define kare hae  kelvin ke   energy se  [[Boltzmann constant]] ke set kar ke; har ek 1&amp;nbsp;K  [[thermodynamic temperature]] ke badlao  [[thermal energy]] ke badlao ke baraabar hae, {{math|''k''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;''T''}}, of ''exactly'' [[joules]].
[[Vibhag:K]]
[[Category:SI base units]]
[[Category:Naap taul]]</text>
      <sha1>geltur7l9xmy2b937c98np5lyc1nzqr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Second</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8729</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339383</id>
      <parentid>310113</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T10:30:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DrAndySingh</username>
        <id>33780</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>339383</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2430" sha1="lbonfkoqvmu7e0ylejb4t8j0ahnva0b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| bgcolour      = 
| name          = second &lt;!-- Please do not capitalize: all unit infoboxes help to familiarize correct usage. --&gt;
| image         = File:Clock-pendulum.gif
| caption       = A [[pendulum]]-governed [[escapement]] of a clock, ticking every second
| standard      = [[SI]]
| quantity      = [[time]]
| symbol        = s
}}
'''Second''' ([[International System of Units|SI]] symbol: '''s'''), jske kabhi abhi '''sec.''' se abbreviate karaa jaawe hae, [[International System of Units]] (SI) [[SI base unit|base unit]] ke [[time]] ke measuement hae. 

== Aur dekho ==

* [[Atomic clock]]
* [[Becquerel]]
* [[Hertz]]
* [[International Atomic Time]]
* [[International System of Units]]
* [[Leap second]]
* [[Magneto-optical trap]]
* [[Time standard]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
{{commons}}
* [http://www.npl.co.uk/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.1086 National Physical Laboratory: ''Trapped ion optical frequency standards'' ]
* [http://resource.npl.co.uk/docs/networks/time/meeting3/klein.pdf ''High-accuracy strontium ion optical clock''; National Physical Laboratory (2005)]
* [http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/research/optical_frequency_projects_e.html#optical National Research Council of Canada: ''Optical frequency standard based on a single trapped ion''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314011450/http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/research/optical_frequency_projects_e.html#optical |date=2008-03-14 }}
* [http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/second.html NIST: ''Definition of the second''; notice the cesium atom must be in its ground state at 0 K]
* [http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-1/second.html Official BIPM definition of the second]
* [http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/leapsec.html Seconds and leap seconds by the USNO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961126204059/http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/leapsec.html |date=1996-11-26 }}
* [http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/metrologia-leapsecond.pdf The leap second: its history and possible future]
* [http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/faq_time_e.html#10 ''What is a Cesium atom clock?''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220155423/http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/faq_time_e.html#10 |date=2009-02-20 }}

[[Category:Centimetre gram second system of units]]
[[Category:Orders of magnitude (time)]]
[[Category:SI base units]]
[[Category:Naap taul]]
[[vibhag:Samay]]</text>
      <sha1>lbonfkoqvmu7e0ylejb4t8j0ahnva0b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Watt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8730</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339382</id>
      <parentid>182988</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T10:27:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DrAndySingh</username>
        <id>33780</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>339382</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1170" sha1="digns4k6t2efz8c7lg5e02wj2f61wmb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| bgcolour =
| name = watt
| image = Alimentation 420 W.jpg
| caption = A 420-watt [[power supply]]
| standard = [[SI]]
| quantity = [[Power (physics)|power]]
| symbol = W
| namedafter = [[James Watt]]
| units1 = [[SI base unit]]s
| inunits1 = 1 [[kg]]&amp;sdot;[[metre|m]]&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;sdot;[[second|s]]&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;
| units2 = [[CGS unit]]s
| inunits2 = {{val|e=7|u=[[Erg (unit)|erg]]⋅[[second|s]]&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;}}
| units3 = [[English Engineering Units]]
| inunits3 = {{cvt|1|W|ftlbf/s|sigfig=7|disp=out}} = {{cvt|1|W|hp|sigfig=7|disp=out}}
}}
'''Watt''' ({pronounced:ˈwɒt , symbol: W) [[International System of Units]] (SI) me [[power (physics)|power]] ke khatir [[SI derived unit|derived unit]] unit hae, jiske Scottish engineer '''[[James Watt]]''' (1736–1819) ke naam se rakkha gais hae. 

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=notes}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bahaari jorr==

*Nelson, Robert A., &quot;''[http://www.aticourses.com/international_system_units.htm The International System of Units] Its History and Use in Science and Industry''&quot;. Via Satellite, February 2000.
{{SI derived units|sp=us}}

[[Category:SI derived units]]
[[Category:Naap taul]]</text>
      <sha1>digns4k6t2efz8c7lg5e02wj2f61wmb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Volt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8731</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339381</id>
      <parentid>302207</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T10:26:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DrAndySingh</username>
        <id>33780</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1742" sha1="hp9zcx64rne45ngcxb1wf87vlov108q" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| name = volt
| image = [[File:NISTvoltChip.jpg|240px]]
| caption = [[Josephson voltage standard]] chip developed by the [[NIST|National Bureau of Standards]] as a standard volt
| standard = [[SI]]
| quantity = [[electric potential]], [[electromotive force]]
| symbol = V
| 
| namedafter = [[Alessandro Volta]]
| extralabel = [[SI base unit]]s
| extradata = [[kilogram|kg]]⋅[[metre|m]]&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;⋅[[second|s]]&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;⋅[[ampere|A]]&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
}}
'''Volt''' (symbol: '''V''') [[electromotive force]], jiske jaada kar ke &quot;[[voltage]]&quot; bola jaawe hae, ke [[SI]] [[SI derived unit|derived unit]] hae.&lt;ref name=&quot;BIPM Definition&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-2/table3.html| title = SI Brochure, Table 3 (Section 2.2.2)| accessdate = 2007-07-29|year= 2006| publisher = BIPM}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== References ==
&lt;!-- ----------------------------------------------------------
  See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a 
  discussion of different citation methods and how to generate 
  footnotes using the &lt;ref&gt;, &lt;/ref&gt; and  &lt;reference /&gt; tags
----------------------------------------------------------- --&gt;
{{reflist}}

== Bahaari jorr ==
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5645396659673218353&amp;q=Physics+for+Future+Presidents+Electricity&amp;total=5&amp;start=0&amp;num=10&amp;so=0&amp;type=search&amp;plindex=0#0h20m30s Google Video Lecture about Electricity and Volt by Richard A. Muller] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520022521/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5645396659673218353&amp;q=Physics+for+Future+Presidents+Electricity&amp;total=5&amp;start=0&amp;num=10&amp;so=0&amp;type=search&amp;plindex=0#0h20m30s |date=2011-05-20 }}

[[Category:SI derived units]]
[[Category:Naap taul]]</text>
      <sha1>hp9zcx64rne45ngcxb1wf87vlov108q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Newton</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8795</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339380</id>
      <parentid>268940</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T10:23:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DrAndySingh</username>
        <id>33780</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>339380</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="752" sha1="5kyax925nm0sladd480y1x1v295f70z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| bgcolour =
| name = newton
| image = One Newton, illustrated (transparent background).svg
| caption = Visualization of one newton of force
| standard = [[SI]]
| quantity = [[force]]
| symbol = N
| namedafter = [[Sir Isaac Newton]]
| units1 = SI base units
| inunits1     = 1 [[kilogram|kg]]⋅[[metre|m]]⋅[[second|s]]&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt;
| units2       = CGS units
| inunits2     = 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[dyne|dyn]]
| units3       = Imperial units
| inunits3     = {{convert|1.000000|N|lbf|disp=out|lk=out}}
}}
'''Newton''' (symbol: N), [[force (physics)|force]] ke [[SI]] unit hae. Iske Sir [[Isaac Newton]] ke baad naam dewa gais hae. 
:&lt;math&gt;1\, \mathrm{N}=1\, \mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}&lt;/math&gt;

[[Category:SI units]]</text>
      <sha1>5kyax925nm0sladd480y1x1v295f70z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Metre</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8796</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339379</id>
      <parentid>309764</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T10:21:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DrAndySingh</username>
        <id>33780</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>339379</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2018" sha1="lzy3umk9hn2pcc9gfus3whk4f9ru2ep" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| name          = metre
| image         = Metric standards Rijksmuseum.jpg
| caption       = Replicas of historical metric standards, including a copy of the ''[[Mètre des Archives]]''
| standard      = [[SI]]
| quantity      = [[length]]
| symbol        = m&lt;ref&gt;
  {{cite web
  | url=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/meter.html
  | title=Base unit definitions: Meter
  | publisher=[[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]
  | access-date=2010-09-28
  }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| units1        = [[imperial units|Imperial]]/[[US customary units|US]] units
| inunits1      = {{unbulleted list
  | ≈ {{val|1.0936|u=[[Yard|yd]]}}
  | ≈ {{val|3.2808|u=[[Foot (unit)|ft]]}}
  | ≈ {{val|39.37|u=[[Inch|in]]}}
  }}
| units2        = Nautical units
| inunits2      = ≈ {{val|0.00053996|u=[[nautical mile|nmi]]}}
}}
'''Metre''' (US spelling, ''meter'') [[SI]] measurement system me [[lambai]] ke basic unit hae. Iske [[abbreviation]] '''m''' hae. 

== Units based on the meter ==

* '''0.000000000000000000000001 Ym (yottametre) = 1 m'''* 0.000000000000000000001 Zm (zettametre) = 1 m
* '''0.000000000000000001 Em (exametres) = 1 m'''* 0.000000000000001 Pm (petametres) = 1 m
* 0.000000000001 Tm (terametres) = 1 m
* 0.000000001 Gm (gigametres) = 1 m
* 0.000001 Mm (megametres) = 1 m
* '''0.001 km ([[kilometer]]s) = 1 m'''
* 0.01 hm (hectometres) = 1 m
* 0.1 dam(decameters) = 1 m
* '''1 m (meter)'''
* 10 dm (decimeters) = 1 m
* '''100 cm ([[centimeter]]s) = 1 m'''
* '''1000 mm (millimeters) = 1 m'''
* '''1,000,000 μm ([[micron]] or [[micrometer]]s) = 1 m'''
* '''1,000,000,000 nm (nanometers) = 1 m'''
* 1,000,000,000,000 pm (psychometric) = 1 m
* 1,000,000,000,000,000 fm (femtometres) = 1 m
* 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 am (attometres) = 1 m
* 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 zm (zeptometres) = 1 m
* 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 ym (yoctometres) = 1 m
''*Note: units in '''bold''' are the most commonly used.'''''

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Vibhag:M]]
[[Category:SI units]]
[[Category:Naap]]</text>
      <sha1>lzy3umk9hn2pcc9gfus3whk4f9ru2ep</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kilogram</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>59479</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339377</id>
      <parentid>323554</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T10:12:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DrAndySingh</username>
        <id>33780</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>339377</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1283" sha1="q3n5zpvtqrob3syeulg1o3prcyunuv3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| name          = kilogram
| image         = Poids fonte 5 kg à 2 hg 02.jpg
| caption       = A series of 5, 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.2 kilogram weights, made of [[cast iron]]
| standard      = [[SI]]
| quantity      = [[mass]]
| symbol        = kg
| units1        = [[Avoirdupois]]
| inunits1      = {{Ublist|≈ {{val|2.2046}} [[pound (mass)|pounds]]&lt;ref &gt;The avoirdupois pound is part of both [[United States customary units|United States customary system of units]] and the [[Imperial units|Imperial system of units]]. It is [[International yard and pound|defined as exactly]] {{val|0.45359237|u=kilograms}}.&lt;/ref&gt;|≈ {{val|35.274|ul=oz}}}}
| units2        = [[British Gravitational System|British Gravitational]]
| inunits2      = ≈ {{val|0.0685}} [[slug (unit)|slugs]]
| units3        = Unified atomic mass units
| inunits3      = {{val|6.02214076|e=26|ul=Da}}
}}
'''Kilogram''', [[International System of Units]] (SI) me [[mass]] ke base unit hae. Iske [[vigyan]], [[engineering]] aur [[len-den]] me [[dunia]] bhar me kaam me laawa jaae hae. Ek kilogram ke mass ek [[litre]] [[paani]] ke wajan ke baraabar hae. Ek kilogram 2.2 [[pound]]s ke baraabar hae. Ek [[tonne]], ek [[hajaar]] kilogram ke baraabar hae.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[vibhag:K]]
[[vibhag:Naap]]</text>
      <sha1>q3n5zpvtqrob3syeulg1o3prcyunuv3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Litre</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>59480</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339378</id>
      <parentid>309773</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T10:19:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DrAndySingh</username>
        <id>33780</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>339378</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1015" sha1="8ytc4vwdey9fp1xgp1n7s373c87znlw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| name       = litre
| image      = [[File:CubeLitre.svg|class=skin-invert-image|200px]]
| caption    = One litre is equal to the volume of a cubic decimetre.
| standard   = [[International System of Units#Non-SI units|Non-SI units mentioned in the SI Brochure]]
| quantity   = [[volume]]
| symbol     = L
| symbol2    = l
| namedafter = [[Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution#Volume – dry measures|litron]]
| units1   = [[SI base unit]]
| inunits1 = {{val||e=-3|ul=m3}}
| units2   = [[United States customary units|U.S. customary]]
| inunits2 = ≈{{thin space}}{{val|0.264|u=gallon}}
}}
[[File:Masskrug.jpg|thumb|upright|Ek-litre beer mugs  at the Germany me.]]
'''Litre''', jiske [[America]] me '''liter''' likha jaae hae, [[International System of Units]] (SI) me [[volume]] ke [[naap|naapa]] jaae hae. Ek litre me 1000 cubic centimetre rahe hae jiske matlab ii hae ki ii ek [[cube]] ke baraabar hae jon ki 10cm x 10cm x 10cm hae.

{{stub}}

[[vibhag:L]]
[[vibhag: Naap]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Army Public School, Ballygunge</title>
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      <text bytes="3366" sha1="agw0nlqqozjjpp3l1o3oelx93t01am7" xml:space="preserve">'''Army Public School''' ek English-medium [[co-ed]] school hai, jo [[Ballygunge]], [[Kolkata]], India me sthit hai. Yeh school 10+2 tak ki shiksha pradaan karta hai, jisme +2 level me 3 mukhya stream milte hai. Is school ka sthaapna 1994 me hua tha, jab isme 7 adhyapak aur 173 chhatra the.&lt;ref name=&quot;EducationinBengal&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://educationbengal.in/school/army-public-school|title=Army Public School|publisher=EducationinBengal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105159/http://educationbengal.in/school/army-public-school|archive-date=4 March 2016|accessdate=5 January 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yeh school [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] se sambandhit hai.&lt;ref name=&quot;SchoolFinder&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.schoolfinder.co.in/school/Kolkata/Ballygunge/CBSE/Army_Public_School_Kolkata|title=Army Public School Kolkata , Ballygunge, Kolkata - SchoolFinder|publisher=SchoolFinder|accessdate=5 January 2016}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Infobox school|name=Army Public School, Ballygunge|native_name=|address=Ballygunge Military Camp- B.M.C.|city=[[Kolkata]]|state=[[West Bengal]]|country=[[India]]|type=[[Military academy|Military school]]|authority=[[Army Welfare Education Society]]|motto=Truth is God|established={{Start date and age|01 April 1994|df=yes}}|school_board=[[Central Board of Secondary Education]]|principal=Dr. Suchitra Bandyopadhyay&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Principal's Message - APS-Kolkata |url=http://www.apskolkata.co.in/principal |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=apskolkata.co.in }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;|website={{URL|www.apskolkata.co.in|apskolkata.co.in}}|alumni=Prince Minor II Thakur [[Vinayak Singh Oberoi]] Author-Philanthropist|image=Army_Public_School_Kolkata.jpg}}

== Itihas ==
Yeh school 1994 me sthaapit hua tha, aur tab isme 7 shikshak aur 173 vidyarthi the. Yeh school [[CBSE]] se sambandhit hai.&lt;ref name=&quot;SchoolFinder2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.schoolfinder.co.in/school/Kolkata/Ballygunge/CBSE/Army_Public_School_Kolkata|title=Army Public School Kolkata , Ballygunge, Kolkata - SchoolFinder|publisher=SchoolFinder|accessdate=5 January 2016}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gharana vyavastha ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! style=&quot;width: 0.5em&quot; |
!Gharana
|-
| style=&quot;background:blue;&quot; |
|Bhava
|-
| style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |
|Khurana
|-
| style=&quot;background:green;&quot; |
|Raman
|-
| style=&quot;background:Red;&quot; |
|Bose
|}

==Puratana chhatra==
School ke puratana chhatra me kai prasiddh vyakti shamil hai:

* Prince Minor II  [[Vinayak Singh]] of [[House of Dar|Dar]] and [[Hatkhola royal family|Hatkhola]] – ek prasiddh lekhak aur samaj-sevak, jo 10 lakh rupiya daan kar chuke hai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.peliplat.com/en/article/10016432/vinayak-singh-oberoi-philanthropy |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124110605/https://www.peliplat.com/en/article/10016432/vinayak-singh-oberoi-philanthropy |archive-date=2025-01-24 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Moupiya Paira – UPSC NDA me doosra aur teesra sthal prapt kiya.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ndtv.com/topic/upsc-nda-topper&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sandarbh ==
{{reflist}}

== Baahari Kadi ==

* {{Official website|http://www.apskolkata.co.in}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Joule</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>64932</id>
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      <id>339376</id>
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      <text bytes="2275" sha1="q95rleh4c90w2vp3bn3azneavy0mxxe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Unit
| bgcolour      = 
| name          = joule
| image         = Definición del Joule.svg
| imageclass    = skin-invert-image
| caption       = Intuitive representation of the joule as the work of a motive force
| standard      = [[SI]]
| quantity      = [[energy]]
| symbol        = J
| namedafter    = [[James Prescott Joule]]
| units1        = [[SI base unit]]s
| inunits1      = [[kilogram|kg]]⋅[[metre|m]]&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;⋅[[second|s]]&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt;
| units2        = [[CGS unit]]s
| inunits2      = {{val|1|e=7}} [[Erg (unit)|erg]]
| units3        = [[#Watt-second|watt-second]]s
| inunits3      = {{val|1}}&amp;nbsp;[[Watt|W]]⋅[[second|s]]
| units4        = [[kilowatt-hour]]s
| inunits4      = ≈{{val|2.78|e=-7|u=kW⋅h}}
| units5        = [[calorie|kilocalories (thermochemical)]]
| inunits5      = {{val|2.390|e=-4|u=kcal&lt;sub&gt;th&lt;/sub&gt;}}
| units6        = [[British thermal unit|BTUs]]
| inunits6      = {{val|9.48|e=-4|u=BTU}}
| units7        = [[electronvolt]]s
| inunits7      = ≈{{val|6.24|e=18|u=eV}}
}}
'''Joule''' (''J'' se darshawat baa) [[energy]] ke SI unit baa. Ii [[International System of Units]] (SI) me energy, work aur heat ke naap ke laagi use kaila jaala.&lt;ref name=&quot;BIPMSI&quot;&gt;[https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure International System of Units (SI) — BIPM]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ek joule ke SI base units me ii tarah likhal jaa sakela:

:'''1 J = 1 kg⋅m²⋅s⁻²'''

Ek joule utna energy ke barabar baa jitna kaam tab hola jab 1 [[newton (unit)|newton]] ke bal kisi object ke bal ke direction me 1 [[metre]] ke doori tak move karela.&lt;ref name=&quot;NISTJoule&quot;&gt;[https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?j Joule — NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty]&lt;/ref&gt;

Electrical system me, agar 1 [[ampere]] ke electric current 1 [[ohm]] ke resistance se 1 second tak gujarela, ta dissipated energy 1 joule ke barabar hola.&lt;ref name=&quot;NISTJoule&quot;/&gt;

Ii unit ke naam [[James Prescott Joule]] (1818–1889), English physicist, ke naam par rakh gais baa. Joule energy aur heat ke sambandh par apna experimental kaam ke laagi jaana jaat rahe.&lt;ref name=&quot;BritannicaJoule&quot;&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Prescott-Joule James Prescott Joule — Encyclopaedia Britannica]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[vibhag:Science]]

==References==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Syed Hasan Imam Rizvi Zangipuri</title>
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      <text bytes="9290" sha1="ry1sdblzbbpu9qymkdty7d4bbo8ajod" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox religious biography
|name=Syed Hasan Imam Rizvi Zangipuri
|religion=[[Shia Islam]]
|birth_date=02 March 1974
|honorific prefix=Ayatollah
|children=Syed Raza Imam Zangipuri, Syed Jawad Imam Zangipuri
|office1=Mira Road, [[Mumbai]] ke Imam-e-Jumma
|term_start1=2003
|office2=Dean of Hawzah Sahibe Zamaan, Qom, [[Iran]]
|office3=Mira Road, [[Mumbai|Northern Mumbai]] aur Western Suburbs ke Shia samaj ke mukhiya
|term_start3=2003
|office4=Imam University Zangipur ke Chairman
|term_start4=November 25, 2024
|background=#B0C4DE
|image=Maulana Hasan Imam Sb.jpg
|spouse=Syeda Nishat Fatima Hasan Imam Zangipuri
|location=[[Mumbai]], [[India]]
|post=Mira Road, [[Mumbai|Northern Mumbai]] aur Western Suburbs ke Shia samaj ke mukhiya, Imam-e-Jumma wal Jamaat
|term2=1997-2002}}

'''Ayatollah Syed Hasan Imam Rizvi Zangipuri''' (janam 2 March 1974&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/details/the-shia-times-shia-olama-magazine-2005-pg-19-maulana-hasan-imam-rizvi&lt;/ref&gt;) ek Bharatiya [[Shia Islam|Shia]] dharamguru aur dharmik neta hain. U 2 dashak se jaada samay se Mira Road ke Haidery Jama Masjid me Imam-e-Jumma ke roop me seva karat aail hain.&lt;ref name=&quot;inquilab2021&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=27 November 2021|title=وسیم رضوی کے خلاف میراروڈ کے مسلمانوں میں بھی شدید بے چینی اور اضطراب|language=Urdu|trans-title=Extreme unrest and anxiety among the Muslims of Mira Road against Wasim Rizvi|work=Inquilab|url=https://www.inquilab.com/news/articles/extreme-unrest-and-anxiety-among-the-muslims-of-mira-road-against-wasim-rizvi-31886}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/the-shia-times-2-successful-decades-of-maulana-hasan-imam-rizvi|title=The Shia Times, 2 Successful Decades Of Maulana Hasan Imam Rizvi|last=The Shia Times|date=2022-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dharmik jeewan ==
Ayatullah Hasan Imam Mira Road ke Haidery Jama Masjid se judal rahal hain, jahan ''Inquilab'' unke masjid ke Khatib aur Imam ke roop me batavela.&lt;ref name=&quot;inquilab2021&quot; /&gt; U Mira Road aur dusra jagah par dharmik bhashan dele hain aur Shia dharmik aur samudayik program me hissa lele hain.

March 2025 me, ''Inquilab'' Haidery Jama Masjid me bhail Quds Day program ke report kais aur Hasan Imam ke okar Khatib aur Imam ke roop me pahichan kais. Akhbar Quds Day, Palestine aur Muslim ekta ke baare me unkar kahal baat ke report kais.&lt;ref name=&quot;quds2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=29 March 2025|title=رمضان المبارک کے آخری جمعہ کوشہر و مضافات میں ’یوم القدس‘ منایا گیا|language=Urdu|trans-title=Quds Day was observed in the city and suburbs on the last Friday of Ramadan|work=Inquilab|url=https://www.inquilab.com/news/articles/quds-day-was-celebrated-in-the-city-and-suburbs-on-the-last-friday-of-ramadan-75185}}&lt;/ref&gt;

December 2025 me, ''Inquilab'' Mira Road me bhail Seerat-un-Nabi aur Ittehad-ul-Ummah conference ke report kais, jahan Hasan Imam ke fir se Haidery Jama Masjid ke Khatib aur Imam ke roop me pahichan karal gais. U parivar vyavastha ke majboot kare me admi ke bhumika ke baare me bhashan dele rahal.&lt;ref name=&quot;seerat2025&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=1 December 2025|title=سیرت النبیؐ و اتحاد امت کانفرنس میں قرآن مجید کے راستے پر چلنے کی تلقین|language=Urdu|trans-title=Call to follow the path of the Holy Quran at the Seerat-un-Nabi and Ittehad-ul-Ummah conference|work=Inquilab|url=https://www.inquilab.com/news/articles/exhortation-to-follow-the-path-of-the-holy-quran-at-the-seerat-ul-nabi-pbuh-and-ittehad-ul-ummah-conference-87709}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Hamari Aawaz'' ke 2021 ke ek report me bhi unke Shia Haidery Jama Masjid ke Khatib aur Imam bataval gais aur Mira Road me samajik sudhar ke ek meeting me unkar kahal baat ke report karal gais.&lt;ref name=&quot;hamariaawaz&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=16 March 2021|title=کرونا وائرس سے زیادہ خطرناک جہیز کا وائرس ہے: قاضی مطیع الرحمٰن قاسمی|language=Urdu|work=Hamari Aawaz|url=https://news.hamariaawaz.com/7967/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260928105656/https://news.hamariaawaz.com/7967/ |date=28 September 2026 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Samudayik aur sarvajanik kaam ==
Hasan Imam dharmik bhashan, samudayik meeting aur sarvajanik virodh me hissa lele hain. Abhilekhiy recording me unke Jannatul Baqi, Yaum-e-Quds, hijab vivad aur Waseem Rizvi vivad se judal program me dikhaval gais.&lt;ref name=&quot;baqi2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/2017-maulana-hasan-imam-rizvis-protest-on-jannatul-baqi|title=2017 Maulana Hasan Imam Rizvi's Protest on Jannatul Baqi|website=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;quds2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/2023-yaum-e-quds-protest-mira-road-maulana-hasan-imam-rizvi|title=2023 Yaum E Quds Protest, Mira Road, Maulana Hasan Imam Rizvi|website=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;waseemarchive&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/2021-darul-qaza-mira-road-with-maulana-hasan-imam-rizvi-protest-on-waseem-rizvi-la|title=2021 Darul Qaza Mira Road With Maulana Hasan Imam Rizvi|website=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2021 me, ''Inquilab'' Waseem Rizvi ke Quran se sambandhit prastavit kaam ke lekar bhail vivad par Hasan Imam ke pratikriya ke report kais. Akhbar unke Haidery Jama Masjid ke Khatib aur Imam ke roop me quote kais.&lt;ref name=&quot;inquilab2021&quot; /&gt;

''Inquilab'' ke March 2022 me hijab par bhail ek meeting ke baare me ek alag report me Maulana Hasan Imam ke program me aail dharmik logan me ginal gais.&lt;ref name=&quot;hijabinq&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=19 March 2022|title=اگر لڑکیاں حجاب پہنیں گی تو اسکول اور کالج انتظامیہ کو اجازت دینے پر مجبور ہونا پڑے گا|language=Urdu|trans-title=If girls wear hijab, school and college administrations will be forced to give permission|work=Inquilab|url=https://www.inquilab.com/news/articles/if-the-girls-wear-hijab-the-school-and-college-administration-will-be-forced-to-give-permission-34717}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== 2017 vivad ==
2017 me, Hasan Imam Mira Road me patrakar Rohit Sardana se judal ek virodh me shamil rahal. Abhilekhiy video record unke ek virodh rally aur Shia samuday ke logan ke Naya Nagar Police Station jae se sambandhit dikhavela.&lt;ref name=&quot;sardanatv&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/shia-crowd-lead-by-maulana-hasan-imam-rizvi-filed-fir-in-mira-road-police-statio|title=Shia Crowd Lead By Maulana Hasan Imam Rizvi Filed FIR In Mira Road Police Station Against Rohit Sardana On 2017|website=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sardanarally&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/2017-rohit-sardana-protest-rally-maulana-hasan-imam-rizvi|title=2017, Rohit Sardana Protest Rally, Maulana Hasan Imam Rizvi|website=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baad ke ek report ''Veritas International Express'' unke Mira Road ke ek senior Shia dharamguru ke roop me bataval aur report kais ki Sardana ke khilaf shikayat ke sambandh me u Shia samuday ke logan ke Naya Nagar Police Station le gais.&lt;ref name=&quot;veritassardana&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=2 September 2026|title=Senior Shia Cleric and Chief of Shia Population of Mira Road Maulana Syed Hasan Imam Zangipuri files an FIR against Journalist Rohit Sardana|work=Veritas International Express|url=https://veritasinternationalexpress.mojonetwork.in/national-news/mira-road-shia-cleric-fir-against-journalist-rohit-sardana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''The Times of India'' ke samay ke ek report me bhi Sardana ke baat ke sambandh me Mira Road me darj police shikayat ke alag se document kais gais.&lt;ref name=&quot;toiSardana&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=23 November 2017|title=Muslim groups see red over journo's tweet|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/muslim-groups-see-red-over-journos-tweet/articleshow/61759448.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Haidery Jama Masjid ==
Mira Road ke Haidery Jama Masjid ke ''The Times of India'' Mumbai ke paschimi upnagar me seva kare wala ek bada Shia masjid bataval hai. Akhbar okar dharmik gatividhi, samudayik kalyan program aur garib parivar ke bachcha ke shiksha sahayata ke baare me report kais.&lt;ref name=&quot;haideriTOI&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=17 July 2022|title=Mumbai: Western suburbs get biggest Shia mosque that will coach poor kids|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-western-suburbs-get-biggest-shia-mosque-that-will-coach-poor-kids/articleshow/92930297.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hasan Imam ke masjid se sambandh ''Inquilab'' me alag se document bhail ba, jahan baar-baar unke okar Khatib aur Imam bataval gais.&lt;ref name=&quot;inquilab2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;quds2025&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;seerat2025&quot; /&gt;

== Naam ke roop ==
Srot me Hasan Imam ke naam ke kai roop istemal bhail ba. Eme '''Maulana Syed Hasan Imam''', '''Maulana Hasan Imam''', '''Maulana Hasan Imam Rizvi''' aur '''Maulana Hasan Imam Zangipuri''' shamil ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;inquilab2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;quds2025&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;veritassardana&quot; /&gt;

Abhilekhiy samagri me lamba roop '''Maulana Syed Hasan Imam Rizvi Zangipuri''' bhi istemal bhail ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;interview2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/interview-of-maulana-hasan-imam-rizvi-2015-zainabia-channel|title=Interview Of Maulana Hasan Imam Rizvi, 2015, Zainabia Channel|date=2015|website=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aur dekhi ==
[[Shia Islam]]

== Sandarbh ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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          or ({{#if:{{{units6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits6|}}}|1|0}})
   | {{#if:{{{conversionslink|}}}|{{{conversionslink|}}}|Conversions}}
     &lt;tr class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{#if:{{{calcinput|}}}|{{{calcinput|}}}|{{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|{{math|''x''}}|1}}}}{{#if:{{{nospacebefore|}}}||&amp;nbsp;}}{{{symbol|{{lc:{{{name|{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}} ''in ...''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''... {{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|corresponds to|is equal to}} ...''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  }}

| label12 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units1|}}}
|  data12 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits1|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits1|}}} }}

| label13 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units2|}}}
|  data13 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits2|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits2|}}} }}

| label14 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units3|}}}
|  data14 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits3|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits3|}}} }}

| label15 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units4|}}}
|  data15 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits4|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits4|}}} }}

| label16 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units5|}}}
|  data16 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits5|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits5|}}} }}

| label17 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units6|}}}
|  data17 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits6|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits6|}}} }}

| label18 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units7|}}}
|  data18 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units7|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits7|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits7|}}} }}

&lt;!------------- Conversions (imperial) ---------------&gt;
| header20 =
  {{#ifexpr: ({{#if:{{{units_imp1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp1|}}}|1|0}})
          or ({{#if:{{{units_imp2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp2|}}}|1|0}})
          or ({{#if:{{{units_imp3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp3|}}}|1|0}})
          or ({{#if:{{{units_imp4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp4|}}}|1|0}})
          or ({{#if:{{{units_imp5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp5|}}}|1|0}})
          or ({{#if:{{{units_imp6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp6|}}}|1|0}})
   | Conversions (imperial)
     &lt;tr class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|{{math|''x''}}|1}}&amp;nbsp;imp&amp;nbsp;{{{symbol|unit}}} ''in ...''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''... {{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|corresponds to|is equal to}} ...''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  }}

| label22 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_imp1|}}}
|  data22 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_imp1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp1|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_imp1|}}} }}

| label23 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_imp2|}}}
|  data23 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_imp2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp2|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_imp2|}}} }}

| label24 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_imp3|}}}
|  data24 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_imp3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp3|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_imp3|}}} }}

| label25 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_imp4|}}}
|  data25 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_imp4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp4|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_imp4|}}} }}

| label26 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_imp5|}}}
|  data26 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_imp5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp5|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_imp5|}}} }}

| label27 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_imp6|}}}
|  data27 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_imp6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp6|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_imp6|}}} }}

&lt;!---------------- Conversions (US) ------------------&gt;
| header30 = 
  {{#ifexpr: ({{#if:{{{units_us1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us1|}}}|1|0}})
          or ({{#if:{{{units_us2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us2|}}}|1|0}})
          or ({{#if:{{{units_us3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us3|}}}|1|0}})
          or ({{#if:{{{units_us4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us4|}}}|1|0}})
          or ({{#if:{{{units_us5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us5|}}}|1|0}})
          or ({{#if:{{{units_us6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us6|}}}|1|0}})
   | Conversions (US)
     &lt;tr class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|{{math|''x''}}|1}}&amp;nbsp;US&amp;nbsp;{{{symbol|unit}}} ''in ...''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;''... {{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|corresponds to|is equal to}} ...''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  }}

| label32 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_us1|}}}
|  data32 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_us1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us1|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_us1|}}} }}

| label33 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_us2|}}}
|  data33 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_us2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us2|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_us2|}}} }}

| label34 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_us3|}}}
|  data34 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_us3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us3|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_us3|}}} }}

| label35 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_us4|}}}
|  data35 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_us4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us4|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_us4|}}} }}

| label36 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_us5|}}}
|  data36 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_us5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us5|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_us5|}}} }}

| label37 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_us6|}}}
|  data37 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_us6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us6|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_us6|}}} }}

}}&lt;!-- needed for dark mode e.g. [[Horsepower]]--&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Template:Infobox/styles-images.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--

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    <title>Template:Calculator</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>69808</id>
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      <id>339370</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T09:21:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DrAndySingh</username>
        <id>33780</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Panna jisme &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Pages using gadget Calculator]]&lt;!-- Category goes first for compat with codex--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;{{#if:{{{class|}}}|calculator-field {{{class}}}|calculator-field}}&quot; {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id=&quot;calculator-field-{{{id}}}&quot;}} data-calculator-type=&quot;{{{type|number}}}&quot; {{#if:{{{style|}}}{{#ifeq:{{{type}}}|hidden|1}}|style=&quot;{{#ifeq:{{{type}}}|hidden|display:none;|}}{{{style|}}}&quot;}} {{#if:{{{formula|}}}|data-calculator-formula=&quot;{{{formula}}}&quot;}} {{...&quot; hae ke banae dewa gais hae.</comment>
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class=&quot;{{#if:{{{class|}}}|calculator-field {{{class}}}|calculator-field}}&quot;
{{#if:{{{id|}}}|id=&quot;calculator-field-{{{id}}}&quot;}}
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{{#if:{{{min|}}}|data-calculator-min=&quot;{{{min}}}&quot;}}
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    <title>Template:Physconst</title>
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      <id>339374</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T09:54:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DrAndySingh</username>
        <id>33780</id>
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      <comment>Panna jisme &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#switch: 1  | {{#ifeq:{{{runc|}}}|yes|1}} = {{#ifeq:{{{symbol|}}}|yes|''u''&lt;sub&gt;r&lt;/sub&gt;({{Physical constants/data|{{{1}}}|symbol}})&amp;nbsp;&amp;#61;&amp;nbsp;}}{{val|{{Physical constants/data|{{{1}}}|runc}}|e={{Physical constants/data|{{{1}}}|rexp}}}}  | {{#ifeq:{{{ref|}}}|only|1}} =  | #default = {{#ifeq:{{{symbol|}}}|yes|{{Physical constants/data|{{{1}}}|symbol}}&amp;nbsp;{{#if:{{{round|}}}|≈|&amp;#61;}}&amp;nbsp;}}&lt;!-- --&gt;{{val      |1={{#if:{{{round|...&quot; hae ke banae dewa gais hae.</comment>
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      <text bytes="1391" sha1="q956bg8u2qnkp9k9k4r8nauc1dewehn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#switch: 1
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 | {{#ifeq:{{{ref|}}}|only|1}} =
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--&gt;{{val
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  <page>
    <title>Square metre</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>69810</id>
    <revision>
      <id>339384</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-27T11:06:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DrAndySingh</username>
        <id>33780</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Panna jisme &quot;{{infobox Unit | name          = square metre | image         = Mètre carré.png | caption       = Visualisation of a square metre | standard      = [[International System of Units|SI]] | quantity      = [[area]] | symbol        = m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; }}  '''Square metre''' ([[American and British English spelling differences#-re, -er|international spelling]] jiske [[International Bureau of Weights and Measures]]) kaam me laawe hae, nai to,  '''square met...&quot; hae ke banae dewa gais hae.</comment>
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      <text bytes="5499" sha1="hk2vpbu0tyvzjoreld96zwu6w1gtoin" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox Unit
| name          = square metre
| image         = Mètre carré.png
| caption       = Visualisation of a square metre
| standard      = [[International System of Units|SI]]
| quantity      = [[area]]
| symbol        = m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
}}

'''Square metre''' ([[American and British English spelling differences#-re, -er|international spelling]] jiske [[International Bureau of Weights and Measures]]) kaam me laawe hae, nai to,  '''square meter''' (American spelling)  [[area]] ke unit hae [[International System of Units]] (SI) me aur jiske  symbol '''m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;''' hae.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | editor=David R. Lide | chapter=INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS | title=[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] | edition=90th | year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ii ek  [[square]] ke area hae jiske sides ke lambaai ek [[metre]] hae.

[[SI prefix]] ke jorre aur nikaale se multiples aur submultiples bane hae; lekin, kaaheki unit [[exponentiate]]d hae,  [[quantities]] exponentially barraa hoe hae by the corresponding [[power of 10]]. Jaise, 1 [[kilometre]] hae 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (ek [[hajaar]]) times the length of 1 metre, lekin 1 square kilometre  (10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; hae, one [[million]]) times the area of 1 square metre, aur 1 cubic kilometre is (10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;, one [[billion]]) cubic metres hae.

Iske ultaa hae ''[[reciprocal square metre]]'' ('''m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt;'''), jiske jaada kar ke &quot;per square metre&quot; bola jaawe hae.

== SI prefixes applied ==

[[File:Square Meter Unit Conversion Visual Aid.svg|thumb|Square Meter Unit Conversion Visual Aid]]

Square metre ke sab SI prefixes ke saathe kaam me laawa jaaae sake hae .

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Multiplication        !! Name       !! Symbol

! Multiplication        !! Name       !! Symbol
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;
| '''square metre''' ([[Hectare#Centiare|centiare]])
|'''m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''
|10&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;
| '''square metre''' ([[Hectare#Centiare|centiare]])
|'''m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;'''
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;|| square decametre ([[Hectare#Are|are]]) || dam&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|10&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt;|| square decimetre || dm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;|| kilo square metre|| k(m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
|10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;|| milli square metre|| m(m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;|| square hectometre ([[hectare]])|| hm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 
|10&lt;sup&gt;−4&lt;/sup&gt;|| square centimetre|| cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;|| [[square kilometre]]|| km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|10&lt;sup&gt;−6&lt;/sup&gt;|| square millimetre|| mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;|| square megametre|| Mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|10&lt;sup&gt;−12&lt;/sup&gt;|| square micrometre|| μm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;|| square gigametre|| Gm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|10&lt;sup&gt;−18&lt;/sup&gt;|| square nanometre|| nm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt;|| square terametre  || Tm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|10&lt;sup&gt;−24&lt;/sup&gt;|| square picometre|| pm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;30&lt;/sup&gt;|| square petametre|| Pm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|10&lt;sup&gt;−30&lt;/sup&gt;|| square femtometre|| fm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;36&lt;/sup&gt;|| square exametre|| Em&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|10&lt;sup&gt;−36&lt;/sup&gt;|| square attometre|| am&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;42&lt;/sup&gt;|| square zettametre|| Zm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|10&lt;sup&gt;−42&lt;/sup&gt;|| square zeptometre|| zm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;48&lt;/sup&gt;|| square yottametre|| Ym&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|10&lt;sup&gt;−48&lt;/sup&gt;|| square yoctometre|| ym&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;54&lt;/sup&gt;
|square ronnametre
|Rm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|10&lt;sup&gt;−54&lt;/sup&gt;
|square rontometre
|rm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|10&lt;sup&gt;60&lt;/sup&gt;
|square quettametre
|Qm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|10&lt;sup&gt;−60&lt;/sup&gt;
|square quectometre
|qm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|}

== Unicode characters ==

Unicode has several characters used to represent metric area units, but these are for compatibility with East Asian character encodings and are {{em|not}} meant to be used in new documents.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unicode-U3300&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3300.pdf |access-date=May 24, 2019 |title=The Unicode Standard 12.0 – CJK Compatibility ❰ Range: 3300—33FF ❱ |author=Unicode Consortium |author-link=Unicode Consortium |date=2019 |website=Unicode.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{unichar|33A1|Square M Squared}}
* {{unichar|33A2|Square KM Squared}}
* {{unichar|3378|Square DM Squared}}
* {{unichar|33A0|Square CM Squared}}
* {{unichar|339F|Square MM Squared}}
Instead, the [[Unicode subscripts and superscripts|Unicode superscript]] {{unichar|00B2}} can be used, as in m².

== Conversions ==

One square metre is equal to:
{{div col|colwidth=19em}}
* {{val|0.000001}} [[square kilometre]] (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
* {{val|10000}} square centimetres (cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
* {{val|0.0001}} [[hectare]]s (ha)
* {{val|0.001}} [[decare]]s (daa)
* {{val|0.01}} [[hectare#Are|ares]] (a)
* {{val|0.1}} [[deciare]]s (da)
* {{val|1}} [[centiare]] (ca)
* {{val|0.000247105381}} [[acre]]s (ac)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Convert Square Meter to acres (sqm to ac) |url=https://changeunit.com/unit/area/convert-from-square-meter-to-acres/|access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Change Unit |language=en-US }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{val|0.0247105381}} [[cent (area)|cents]]
* {{val|1.195990}} [[square yard]]s (sq yd)
* {{val|10.763911}} [[square foot|square feet]] (ft&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
* {{val|1550.0031}} [[square inch]]es (in&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
* [[Conversion of units#Area|Conversion of units § Area]]
* [[Orders of magnitude (area)]]
* [[SI]]
* [[SI prefix]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.bipm.fr/en/si/ BIPM (SI maintenance agency)] (home page)
* [http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/ BIPM brochure] (SI reference)

[[Category:Units of area]]
[[Category:SI derived units]]</text>
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