Wikipedia hifwiki https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahila_Panna MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.4 first-letter saadhan khaas baat sadasya sadasya ke baat Wikipedia Wikipedia baat file file ke baat MediaWiki MediaWiki ke baat Template Template ke baat madat madat ke baat vibhag voibhag ke baat TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2543 339762 339643 2026-11-12T04:59:16Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language |name = Spanish, Castilian |nativename = {{lang|es|español}}, {{lang|es|castellano}} |pronunciation ={{IPA-es|espaˈɲol|}}, {{IPA-es|kasteˈʎano|}} |familycolor = Indo-European |script = [[w:Latin alphabet|Latin]] ([[Spanish alphabet|Spanish variant]]) |region = (see [[#Geographic distribution|below]]) |speakers = Pahila bhasa 329<ref name=Ethnologue1>[http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size Spanish language total]. Ethnologue. Retrieved 14 August 2009.</ref> million to 400<ref name=demogr/><ref name=congress/><ref name=elcastellano/> million.<br />500 million as first or second language.<ref name=Es2009 /> |fam2 = [[w:Italic languages|Italic]] |fam3 = [[w:Romance languages|Romance]] |fam4 = [[w:Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western]] |fam5 = [[w:Gallo-Iberian|Gallo-Iberian]] |fam6 = [[w:Iberian Romance languages|Ibero-Romance]] |fam7 = [[w:West Iberian languages|West Iberian]] |script = [[w:Latin alphabet|Latin]] ([[w:Spanish alphabet|Spanish variant]]) |script = [[w:Latin alphabet|Latin]] ([[w:Spanish alphabet|Spanish variant]]) |nation = [[w:List of countries where Spanish is an official language|21 countries]], [[United Nations]], [[European Union]], [[Organisation of American States]], [[Organization of Ibero-American States]], [[Union of South American Nations]], [[Central American Integration System]], [[African Union]], [[Caricom]], [[World Trade Organization]], [[North American Free Trade Agreement]], [[Andean Community of Nations]], [[Mercosur]], [[Inter-American Development Bank]], [[Latin Union]], [[Antarctic Treaty]]. |agency = [[Association of Spanish Language Academies]] ({{lang|es|[[Real Academia Española]]}} and 21 other national Spanish language academies) |iso1 = es |iso2 = spa |iso3 = spa |lingua = 51-AAA-b |map = Detailed SVG map of the Hispanophone world.svg }} '''Spanish language''', ek [[Romance bhasa]] hae, jon ki [[Latin]] se aais hae, me se sab se common bhasa hae. Spanish bhasa ke dunia ke dher des me bola jaae hae. Iske khaas kaaran hae ke Spanish log bahut pahile dher colony establsh karin rahha. Uu des jisme Spanish official language hae ke Hispanic country bola jaae hae Kuchh Hispanic des hae: [[North America]], [[Central America]], aur [[Caribbean Islands]]: [[Costa Rica]], [[Cuba]], The [[Dominican Republic]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Mexico]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Panama]], [[Puerto Rico]], aur [[El Salvador]]. [[United States]] aur [[Belize]], me jaada log [[English bhasa]] me baat kare hae, lekin Spanish duusra bhasa hae. [[South America]]: [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], [[Chile]], [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], [[Guyana]], [[Paraguay]], [[Peru]], [[Uruguay]], [[Venezuela]]. Duniake aur jagha: [[Philippines]], aaur [[Equatorial Guinea]]. Spain me aur bhasa hae jon ki Spanish se closely related hae, jaise ki [[Catalan language|Catalan]] aur [[Galician language|Galician]]. Spanish bhasa ke kabhi kabhi '''Castilian''' bola jaae hae, [[Castile]] ke baad me, jon ki Spain ke ek region hae. Spanish me Spanish sabd hae "Español", aur Spanish sabd for Castilian hae "Castellano". == Spanish bhasa me ginti == {| border="1" ! Number Spanish me!!Number Fiji Hindi me |- | uno ||ek |- |dos||dui |- |tres||tiin |- |cuatro ||chaar |- |cinco ||paanch |- |seis||chhe |- |siete ||saat |- |ocho||aath |- |nueve ||nau |- |diez ||das |}<ref>[http://www.zompist.com/million.htm Numbers in Million-Speaker Languages]</ref> == Geographic distribution == Spanish is recognised as one of the official languages of the [[United Nations]], the [[European Union]], the [[Organization of American States]], the [[Organization of Ibero-American States]], the [[African Union]], the [[Union of South American Nations]], the [[Latin Union]], and the [[Caricom]] and has legal status in the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]]. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%;" |- ! style="width:18%;"|Country ! style="width:12%;"|Population <ref name="UN 2009 estimate">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/abaadi/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf |title=UN 2009 estimate |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-04-21}}</ref> ! style="width:16%;"|Spanish as a native language speakers<ref>Britannica Books of the years 2003 to 2009 [[:es:Anexo:Hablantes de español como lengua materna en el 2003 (según el Britannica Book)]]. Sources used by the Encyclopaedia Britannica (Ethnologue -14th edition, Joshua Project 2000 —People's List, U.S. Census Bureau.) {{Verify credibility|date=March 2010}}</ref> ! style="width:24%;"|Bilingual and as a second language speakers (in countries where Spanish is official)<ref name=Eurob2006>[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf eurobarometer (2006)], [[:es:Anexo:Hablantes de español en la U.E. según el Eurobarómetro (2006)]] for Europe countries</ref> or as a foreign language (where it is not official)<ref name=SpanishStudents>Spanish students for countries out of Europe according to [http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_06-07/pdf/cifras.pdf Instituto Cervantes 06-07] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106014858/http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_06-07/pdf/cifras.pdf |date=2012-01-06 }} (There aren't concrete sources about Spanish speakers as a second language except to Europe and Latin America countries).</ref> ! style="width:16%;"|Spanish speakers as percentage of abaadi<ref name="DemografíaLengEsp">[http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf Demografía de la lengua española] (page 28) to countries with official spanish status.</ref> ! style="width:14%;"|Total number of Spanish speakers |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Mexico}} | 112,336,538 <ref>[http://www.conapo.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=36&Itemid=234 CONAPO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527065510/http://www.conapo.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=36&Itemid=234 |date=2011-05-27 }} (2010).</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 112336538 / 100 * 92.17 round 0}}}} <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html cia.gov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129161335/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html |date=2018-01-29 }}: Spanish only 92.7%</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 112336538 / 100 * 98.5 - 112336538 / 100 * 92.17 round 0}}}} | 98.5% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 112336538 / 100 * 98.5 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|United States}} | 307,006,550 <ref name=USpopfinder>Population figure for 2009 from [http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation U.S. Population in 1990, 2000, and 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624024924/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation |date=2011-06-24 }}, U.S. Census Bureau</ref> |35,468,501 <ref>Hispanics older than 5 years old ([http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/STTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S1601&-ds_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false US Census Bureau 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606173334/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/STTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_S1601&-ds_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false |date=2011-06-06 }})</ref> | 14,531,499 | {{#expr: 50000000 / 307006550 * 100 round 1}}% | 50,000,000<ref>[[Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española]]: [http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=1113 elcastellano.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224203228/http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=1113 |date=2016-02-24 }}, José Ma. Ansón: [http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=685 noticias elcastellano.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224203229/http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=685 |date=2016-02-24 }}, Jorge Ramos Avalos: [http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=1145765 univision.com], Elbio Rodríguez Barilari: [http://congresosdelalengua.es/valparaiso/ponencias/lengua_comunicacion/rodriguez_elbio.htm congresosdelalengua.es] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715164424/http://congresosdelalengua.es/valparaiso/ponencias/lengua_comunicacion/rodriguez_elbio.htm |date=2013-07-15 }} , [http://www.abcdesevilla.es/hemeroteca/historico-29-03-2008/sevilla/Cultura/mas-de-70-expertos-participaran-en-la-iii-acta-internacional-de-la-lengua-espa%C3%B1ola-en-la-rabida_1641753752939.html III Acta Internacional de la Lengua Española], [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/13/arts/television/cnn-en-espanol-restructures-its-programming.html nytimes.com] (The United States is now the second-largest Spanish-speaking country in the world, with more Spanish speakers than Spain, and exceeded only by Mexico).</ref><ref>There are 50,477,594 Hispanic people from a total US abaadi of more than 308 million according to the [https://web.archive.org/web/20110102165602/http://www.census.gov/popest/states/asrh/tables/SC-EST2009-04.xls Census Bureau 2010]. 35,468,501 Hispanics older than 5 speak Spanish at home, so there are 15 million posible Spanish speakers as a second language with differents knowladges. In addition, there are 6 ([http://www.cervantes.es/docs/Enciclopedia_del_espa%C3%B1ol_en_el_mundo.pdf cervantes.es] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923202102/http://www.cervantes.es/docs/Enciclopedia_del_espa%C3%B1ol_en_el_mundo.pdf |date=2015-09-23 }}) or 7.8 ([http://www.fundacionsiglo.com/espanol/cap1.pdf fundacionsiglo.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527180733/http://www.fundacionsiglo.com/espanol/cap1.pdf |date=2012-05-27 }}) million Spanish students in USA, many of them are not Hispanics. Finally, there are 9 million illegal Hispanics in USA, some of them aren't in the census ([http://www.impre.com/laraza/opinion/editorial/2009/4/19/palidos-de-hambre-120230-1.html impre.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111083239/http://www.impre.com/laraza/opinion/editorial/2009/4/19/palidos-de-hambre-120230-1.html |date=2012-01-11 }}).</ref> |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Spain}} | 47,150,819 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/ |title=INE Datos básicos ... acceso directo (1/1/2010) |publisher=Ine.es |date=2001-05-28 |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 47150819 / 100 * 89.0 round 0}}}} <ref>89.0% speak Spanish as a first language ([http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf eurobarometer (2006)])</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 47150819 / 100 * 98.8 - 47150819 / 100 * 89.0 round 0}}}} | 98.8% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 47150819 / 100 * 98.8 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Colombia}} | 46,010,000 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php |title=DANE |publisher=DANE |date= |accessdate=2010-09-01 |archive-date=2012-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114091321/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 46010000 / 100 * 99.03 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 46010000 / 100 * 99.2 - 46010000 / 100 * 99.03 round 0}}}} | 99.2% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 46010000 / 100 * 99.2 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Argentina}} | 40,900,496 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/proyecyestimaciones_1950-2015.pdf |title=SINTITUL-7 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109220415/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/2/proyecyestimaciones_1950-2015.pdf |archivedate=2005-11-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 40900496 / 100 * 96.84 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 40900496 / 100 * 99.4 - 40900496 / 100 * 96.84 round 0}}}} | 99.4% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 40900496 / 100 * 99.4 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Venezuela}} | 29,243,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.gov.ve/ |title=(30 Aug., 2010) |publisher=INE |date= |accessdate=2010-07-01 |archive-date=2019-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912233212/http://www.ine.gov.ve/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 29243000 / 100 * 96.48 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 29243000 / 100 * 98.8 - 29243000 / 100 * 96.48 round 0}}}} | 98.8% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 29243000 / 100 * 98.8 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Peru}} | 29,797,694 <ref>{{cite web |author=Ezio Quispe Fernández |url=http://www.inei.gob.pe/ |title=(2011) |publisher=INEI |date= |accessdate=2010-04-21 |archive-date=1997-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970412040139/http://www.inei.gob.pe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 29797694 / 100 * 79.77 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 29797694 / 100 * 86.6 - 29797694 / 100 * 79.77 round 0}}}} | 86.6% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 29797694 / 100 * 86.6 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Chile}} | 17,248,450 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/demografia_y_vitales/proyecciones/Informes/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20InforP_T.pdf |title=INE (Chile - 2011)|format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-04-21}}</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 17248450 / 100 * 89.94 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 17248450 / 100 * 99.3 - 17248450 / 100 * 89.94 round 0}}}} | 99.3% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 17248450 / 100 * 99.3 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Ecuador}} | 14,306,000 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecuadorencifras.com/cifras-inec/main.html |title=Ecuador en Cifras |publisher=INEC |date= |accessdate=2010-09-01}}</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 14306000 / 100 * 92.96 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 14306000 / 100 * 98.1 - 14306000 / 100 * 92.96 round 0}}}} | 98.1% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 14306000 / 100 * 98.1 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Guatemala}} | 14,361,666 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gob.gt/index.php/demografia-y-poblacion/42-demografiaypoblacion/207-infodemo2010 |title=Información Demógrafica 2010 |publisher=INE |date=2007-09-21 |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 14361666 / 100 * 64.7 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 14361666 / 100 * 86.4 - 14361666 / 100 * 64.7 round 0}}}} | 86.4% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 14361666 / 100 * 86.4 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Cuba}} | 11,235,863 <ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.one.cu/aec2009/datos/3.1.xls|title=UN (2010)|date=|accessdate=2011-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221033803/http://www.one.cu/aec2009/datos/3.1.xls|archivedate=2010-12-21|url-status=live}}</ref> | 11,235,863 | | 99.4% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 11235863 / 100 * 99.4 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Dominican Republic}} | 10,225,000 <ref name="autogenerated1"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 10225000 / 100 * 98.98 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 10225000 / 100 * 99.6 - 10225000 / 100 * 98.98 round 0}}}} | 99.6% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 10225000/ 100 * 99.6 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Bolivia}} | 10,426,154 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gov.bo/indice/visualizador.aspx?ah=PC20410.HTM |title=(2010) |publisher=INE |date= |accessdate=2010-04-21}}</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 10426154 / 100 * 41.73 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 10426154 / 100 * 87.9 - 10426154 / 100 * 41.73 round 0}}}} | 87.9% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 10426154 / 100 * 87.9 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Honduras}} | 8,215,313 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gob.hn/drupal/sites/default/files/Resumen%20de%20la%20Proyeccion%20de%20Poblacion%20de%20Honduras%202001-2015_0.xls|title=INE (2011)|date=|accessdate=2011-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519232641/http://www.ine.gob.hn/drupal/sites/default/files/Resumen%20de%20la%20Proyeccion%20de%20Poblacion%20de%20Honduras%202001-2015_0.xls|archivedate=2011-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 8215313 / 100 * 97.16 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 8215313 / 100 * 99.0 - 8215313 / 100 * 97.16 round 0}}}} | 99.0% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 8215313 / 100 * 99.0 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|El Salvador}} | 6,183,002 <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090919205554/http://www.digestyc.gob.sv/Portada/Presentacion%20Poblacion.pdf Census 2010 estimation] (page 32)</ref> | 6,183,002 | | 99.7% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 6183002 / 100 * 99.7 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|France}} | 64,057,790 | 440,106 <ref>1% of 44,010,619 (abaadi of France older than 15 years in 2005). Source: Eurobarometer 2006. There are 179,678 immigrants from Spain according to INE (1/1/2009)</ref> | 5,721,380 | 9.6% | 6,161,486 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Nicaragua}} | 5,822,000 <ref name="autogenerated1"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 5822000 / 100 * 87.4 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 5822000 / 100 * 97.0 - 5822000 / 100 * 87.4 round 0}}}} | 97.0% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 5822000 / 100 * 97.0 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Morocco}} | 31,759,997<ref>[http://www.hcp.ma/ Morocco census]</ref> | 20,000 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=MA |title=ethnologue.com |publisher=ethnologue.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-21}}</ref> | 5,480,000 | 17.32% | 5,500,000<ref>there are between 4 and 7 million Spanish speakers in Morocco (Ammadi, 2002) [http://www.educacion.es/exterior/ma/es/File/MI%20ARTICULO%20PDF%20OK.pdf educacion.es]</ref><ref>According to a survey made in 2005 by CIDOB ([http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/elcano/elcano_es/zonas_es/lengua+y+cultura/ari116-2008 realinstitutoelcano.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718084050/http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/elcano/elcano_es/zonas_es/lengua+y+cultura/ari116-2008 |date=2016-07-18 }}, [http://www.afapredesa.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=195&Itemid=2 afapredesa.org]). According to the Morocco Census of 2004, the Morocco abaadi is 29,680,069 ([http://www.hcp.ma/ hcp.ma]</ref> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Brazil}} | 190,732,694 <ref>[http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1766&id_pagina=1 IBGE 2010]</ref> | 448,689 <ref>50% of 733,000 foreigners in Brazil are from [[Mercosur]] (Page 32 [http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf] + 82,189 spanish immigrants ([http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=/t20/p85001/a2010/l0/&file=01001.px&type=pcaxis&L=0 INE (1/1/2010)]).</ref> | 5,000,000<ref>[http://www.cervantes.es/imagenes/File/prensa/anuario2009.pdf 2009 Annuary of the Instituto Cervantes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205011131/http://www.cervantes.es/imagenes/File/prensa/anuario2009.pdf |date=2011-02-05 }}: More than 5 million students are learning Spanish. [http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=775 elcastellano.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615014710/http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=775 |date=2009-06-15 }},[http://editor.elespectador.com/brasil/articulo43526-presidente-brasileno-espera-los-ninos-hablen-espanol elespectador.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408173436/http://editor.elespectador.com/brasil/articulo43526-presidente-brasileno-espera-los-ninos-hablen-espanol |date=2014-04-08 }}, [http://www.oei.org.co/noticias/noticia12042007_1.htm oei.org.co]: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, president of Brazil: Near 9 million students are learning Spanish and the forecast is 12 million in 2010. [http://www.cervantes.es/docs/Espanol_en_Brasil.pdf Instituto Cervantes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222135030/http://www.cervantes.es/docs/Espanol_en_Brasil.pdf |date=2009-12-22 }}: More than 1 million of spanish students in the private school and almost 11 million estimated for 2010 in the public school.</ref> | 2.86% | 5,448,689 |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Costa Rica}} | 4,615,646 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/GeneradorPagina.aspx |title=Primera variación del año registró un 0,68% |publisher=INEC |date= |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 4615646 / 100 * 97.25 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 4615646 / 100 * 99.2 - 4615646 / 100 * 97.25 round 0}}}} | 99.2% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 4615646 / 100 * 99.2 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Paraguay}} | 6,460,000 | 369,000 | 4,043,555 | 69.5% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 6460000 / 100 * 69.5 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Puerto Rico}} | 3,998,000 <ref name="autogenerated1"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 3998000 / 100 * 95.10 round 0}}}} <ref>95.10% of the abaadi speaks Spanish ([http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GRTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-_box_head_nbr=R1602&-ds_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=true&-format=US-30&-mt_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_R0504_US30&-CONTEXT=grt U.S. Census Bureau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606220348/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GRTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-_box_head_nbr=R1602&-ds_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=true&-format=US-30&-mt_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_R0504_US30&-CONTEXT=grt |date=2011-06-06 }})</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 3998000 / 100 * 98.8 - 3998000 / 100 * 95.10 round 0}}}} | 98.8% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 3998000 / 100 * 98.8 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|United Kingdom}} | 60,943,912 | 107,654 <ref>59,017 immigrants from Spain (Spanish census 2001) + 48,637 immigrants from Colombia. [http://www.bolpress.com/art.php?Cod=2002068592 Open Channels and Colombian consul (1999)]</ref> | 3,814,846 | 6.4% | 3,922,500 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Uruguay}} | 3,372,000 <ref name="autogenerated1"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 3372000 / 100 * 96.6 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 3372000 / 100 * 98.9 - 3372000 / 100 * 96.6 round 0}}}} | 98.9% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 3372000 / 100 * 98.9 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Panama}} | 3,508,000 <ref name="autogenerated1"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 3508000 / 100 * 76.8 round 0}}}} | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 3508000 / 100 * 93.1 - 3508000 / 100 * 76.8 round 0}}}} | 93.1% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 3508000 / 100 * 93.1 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Philippines}} | 96,061,683 | 2,660 <ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=PH Ethnologue]. There are 2,532 immigrants from Spain according to [http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fp85001&file=inebase&L= INE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207025255/http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fp85001&file=inebase&L= |date=2010-12-07 }} (1/1/2009)</ref> | 3,014,115 | 3.1% | 3,016,773 <ref>1,816,773 Spanish + 1,200,000 Spanish creole: Antonio Quilis "La lengua española en Filipinas", 1996 pag.234 [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/01350553135573500088680/209438_0013.pdf cervantesvirtual.com], [http://www.mepsyd.es/exterior/au/es/File/Ten_Reasons_low-res(1).pdf mepsyd.es] (page 23), [http://www.mepsyd.es/redele/Biblioteca2006/DavidSanchez/Memoria.pdf mepsyd.es] (page 249), [http://spanish-differences.com/Spanish/Philippines-Spanish.php spanish-differences.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817015943/http://spanish-differences.com/Spanish/Philippines-Spanish.php |date=2009-08-17 }}, [http://www.aresprensa.com/cms/cms/front_content.php?idart=208 aresprensa.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223115032/http://www.aresprensa.com/cms/cms/front_content.php?idart=208 |date=2008-12-23 }}. The figure 2,900,000 Spanish speakers, we can find in [http://books.google.es/books?ei=vCXASpS0LqXkmwO0lZnlBg&ct=result&q=Pluricentric+languages%3A+differing+norms+in+different+nations+spanish+philippines+speakers&btnG=Buscar+libros "Pluricentric languages: differing norms in different nations"] (page 45 by R.W.Thompson), or in [http://www.sispain.org/spanish/language/worldwid.html sispain.org]./ More than 2 million Spanish speakers and around 3 million with Chavacano speakers according to "Instituto Cervantes de Manila" ([http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=505 elcastellano.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629084919/http://www.elcastellano.org/noticia.php?id=505 |date=2010-06-29 }})</ref> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Germany}} | 82,369,548 | 140,000 <ref>Britannica Book of the Year 1998 [http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_99/otero/p03.htm#7] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917062525/http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_99/otero/p03.htm#7 |date=2009-09-17 }}. There are 103,063 immigrants from Spain according to INE (1/1/2009)</ref> | 2,566,972 | 3.2% | 2,706,972 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Italy}} | 58,145,321 | 89,905 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mmrree.gov.ec/mre/documentos/novedades/boletines/ano2003/julio/bol257.htm |title=14,905 Spanish (Census 2001) + 75,000 from Ecuador |publisher=Mmrree.gov.ec |date= |accessdate=2010-04-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611085532/http://www.mmrree.gov.ec/mre/documentos/novedades/boletines/ano2003/julio/bol257.htm |archivedate=2008-06-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> | 1,968,320 | 3.5% | 2,058,225 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#efefef;" | {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} | 1,153,915 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abaadi-statistics.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=es&dat=32&srt=pnan&col=dq&geo=-91 |title=Equatorial Guinea census (2009) |publisher=Population-statistics.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-21 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | n.a. | 1,044,293 | 90.5% <ref name="DemografíaLengEsp"/><ref>13,7% of the abaadi speaks Spanish with native knowladge and other 74% as a second language [http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_06-07/pdf/paises_08.pdf cvc.cervantes.es] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026105600/http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_06-07/pdf/paises_08.pdf |date=2012-10-26 }}.</ref> | {{formatnum:{{#expr: 1153915 / 100 * 90.5 round 0}}}} |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Canada}} | 33,212,696 | 909,000 <ref>PMB Statistics 2006 [http://www.mediaincanada.com/articles/mic/20061011/profile.html?page=2 mediaincanada.com] (Spanish-speaking people over the age of 12). Although Canada Census told about 345,345 people who speaks Spanish in 2006, Hispanic organizations claim about 520,260 Hispanics in 2001, and more than 700,000 in 2006 ([http://hispanosencanada.ca/portal/content/view/651/ hispanosencanada.ca]{{dead link|date=February 2011 }}, [http://dialogos.ca/revista/numero3/articulo2.htm dialogos.ca] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113073613/http://dialogos.ca/revista/numero3/articulo2.htm |date=2007-11-13 }}), and currently there are near 1 million: ([https://web.archive.org/web/20071109125024/http://www.tlntv.com/pressReleases/2007/TLN%20EN%20ESPANOL%20is%20born.pdf tlntv.com].</ref> | 92,853 <ref name="SpanishStudents"/> | 3% | 1,001,853 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Portugal}} | 10,676,910 | 9,744 | 727,282 | 6.9% | 737,026 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Netherlands}} | 16,645,313 | 19,978 <ref>Spanish (census 2001)</ref> | 662,116 | 4.1% | 682,094 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Belgium}} | 10,403,951 | 85,990 <ref>1% of 8,598,982 (abaadi of Belgium older than 15 years in 2005). Source: Eurobarometer 2006</ref> | 515,939 | 5.8% | 601,929 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Romania}} | 22,246,862 | | 544,531 | 2.4% | 544,531 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Sweden}} | 9,045,389 | 101,472 <ref>Sweden Census SCB (2002)</ref> | 442,601 | 6% | 544,073 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Australia}} | 21,007,310 | 106,517 <ref>Page 32 of the [http://www.ucm.es/info/icei/pdf/DT%2003-06.pdf "Demogeafía de la lengua española"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612022111/http://www.ucm.es/info/icei/pdf/DT%2003-06.pdf |date=2009-06-12 }}. 104,000 according to Britannica Book of the Year 2003</ref> | 374,571 <ref>Page 32 of the [http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf Demografía de la lengua española "Demografía de la lengua española"]</ref> | 2.3% | 481,088 <ref name="SpanishStudents"/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Poland}} | 38,500,696 | | 316,104 | 0.8% | 316,104 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Austria}} | 8,205,533 | | 267,177 | 3.3% | 267,177 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Ivory Coast}} | 20,179,602 | | 235,806 <ref name="SpanishStudents"/> | 1.2% | 235,806 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Algeria}} | 33,769,669 | | 223,000 <ref>Between 150,000 and 200,000 in Tinduf ([http://www.aprendemas.com/Noticias/html/N1960_F17012007.HTML aprendemas.com]) + 48,000 in Wilaya of Oran (page 31 of [http://www.ucm.es/info/icei/pdf/DT%2003-06.pdf Demografía de la lengua española] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612022111/http://www.ucm.es/info/icei/pdf/DT%2003-06.pdf |date=2009-06-12 }})</ref> | 0.7% | 223,379 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Denmark}} | 5,484,723 | | 219,003 | 4% | 219,003 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Israel}} | 7,112,359 | 130,000 <ref>50,000 sefardíes (Britannica Book of the Year 1998)[http://cvc.cervantes.es/obref/anuario/anuario_99/otero/p03.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104141520/http://cvc.cervantes.es/obref/anuario/anuario_99/otero/p03.htm |date=2012-01-04 }} + 80,000 from Iberoamerica [http://cvc.cervantes.es/obref/congresos/sevilla/comunicacion/ponenc_shadas.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105200617/http://cvc.cervantes.es/obref/congresos/sevilla/comunicacion/ponenc_shadas.htm |date=2012-01-05 }}</ref> | 45,231 | 2.5% | 175,231 <ref>Pages 34, 35 of the [http://www.ucm.es/info/icei/pdf/DT%2003-06.pdf "Demografía de la lengua española"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612022111/http://www.ucm.es/info/icei/pdf/DT%2003-06.pdf |date=2009-06-12 }}.</ref> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Switzerland}} | 7,581,520 | 123,000 <ref>{{cite web |author=Centro Virtual Cervantes |url=http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_99/otero/p03.htm#7 |title=Britannica Book of the Year 1998 |publisher=Cvc.cervantes.es |date= |accessdate=2010-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917062525/http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_99/otero/p03.htm#7 |archive-date=2009-09-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | 14,420 | 1.7% <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.all-about-switzerland.info/swiss-abaadi-languages.html |title=all-about-switzerland.info |publisher=all-about-switzerland.info |date= |accessdate=2010-04-21}}{{dead link|date=February 2011}}</ref> | 137,420 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Japan}} | 127,288,419 | 76,565 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publico.es/250381/los-japoneses-latinos-se-sienten-discriminados |title=70,000 from Peru |publisher=publico.es |date=2009-09-09 |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> | 60,000 <ref name="SpanishStudents"/> | 0.1% | 136,565 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Bulgaria}} | 7,262,675 | | 133,910 | 1.8% | 133,910 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Belize}} | 301,270 | 106,795 <ref name="Demografía de la lengua española">Page 32 of [http://www.ucm.es/info/icei/pdf/DT%2003-06.pdf Demografía de la lengua española] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612022111/http://www.ucm.es/info/icei/pdf/DT%2003-06.pdf |date=2009-06-12 }}</ref> | 21,848 | 42.7% | 128,643 <ref name="Demografía de la lengua española"/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Netherlands Antilles}} | 223,652 | 10,699 | 114,835 | 56.1% | 125,534 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Ireland}} | 4,156,119 | | 123,591 | 3% | 123,591 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Senegal}} | 12,853,259 | | 101,455 <ref name="SpanishStudents"/> | 0.8% | 101,455 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Greece}} | 10,722,816 | | 86,742 | 0.8% | 86,742 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Finland}} | 5,244,749 | | 85,586 | 1.6% | 85,586 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Hungary}} | 9,930,915 | | 85,034 | 0.9% | 85,034 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Aruba}} | 100,018 | 6,800 | 68,602 | 75.3% | 75,402 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Croatia}} | 4,491,543 | | 73,656 | 1.6% | 73,656 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Andorra}} | 84,484 | 29,907 <ref>35.4% speak Spanish as a first language [http://www.iea.ad/cres/observatori/temes/llengua3trimestre2005.htm www.iea.ad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529044524/http://www.iea.ad/cres/observatori/temes/llengua3trimestre2005.htm |date=2010-05-29 }}</ref> | 25,356 | 68.7% <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iea.ad/cres/observatori/temes/llengua3trimestre2005.htm |title=www.iea.ad |publisher=www.iea.ad |date= |accessdate=2010-04-21 |archive-date=2010-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529044524/http://www.iea.ad/cres/observatori/temes/llengua3trimestre2005.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> | 58,040 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Slovakia}} | 5,455,407 | | 43,164 | 0.8% | 43,164 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Norway}} | 4,644,457 | 12,573 | 23,677 | 0.8% | 36,250 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Russia}} | 140,702,094 | 3,320 | 20,000 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cervantes.es/imagenes/File/prensa/anuario2009.pdf |title=ANUARIO IC 2009 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205011131/http://www.cervantes.es/imagenes/File/prensa/anuario2009.pdf |archive-date=2011-02-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | 0.01% | 23,320 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|New Zealand}} | 4,173,460 | 21,645 <ref>New Zealand census (2006)</ref> | | 0.5% | 21,645 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Guam}} | 154,805 | | 19,092 | 12.3% | 19,092 <ref>Page 34 of the [http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf Demografía de la Lengua Española]</ref> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flagicon|United States Virgin Islands}} [[US Virgin Islands]] | 108,612 | 16,788 | | 15.5% | 16,788 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|China}} | 1,345,751,000 | 2,292<ref>Spanish residents in China ([http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fp85001&file=inebase&L= INE, 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207025255/http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fp85001&file=inebase&L= |date=2010-12-07 }})</ref> | 12,835 <ref name="SpanishStudents"/> | 0.001124% | 15,127 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Lithuania}} | 3,565,205 | | 13,943 | 0.4% | 13,943 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Gibraltar}} | 27,967 | 13,857 | | 49.5% | 13,857 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Cyprus}} | 792,604 | | | 1.4% | 11,044 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Turkey}} | 71,892,807 | 380 | 8,000 <ref>Page 37 of the [http://www.ucm.es/info/icei/pdf/DT%2003-06.pdf Demografía de la lengua española] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612022111/http://www.ucm.es/info/icei/pdf/DT%2003-06.pdf |date=2009-06-12 }}</ref> | 0.01% | 8,380 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Jamaica}} | 2,804,322 | 8,000 | | 0.3% | 8,000 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Luxembourg}} | 486,006 | 3,000 | 4,344 | 1.5% | 7,344 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Malta}} | 403,532 | 6,458 | | 1.6% | 6,458 <ref name=Eurob2006/> |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} | 1,047,366 | 4,100 | | 0.4% | 4,100 |- style="background:#fff;" | {{flag|Western Sahara}} | 513,000 <ref name="UN 2009 estimate"/> | n.a.<ref>The Spanish 1970 census claims 16.648 Spanish speakers in Western Sahara ( [http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_99/otero/p03.htm#7] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917062525/http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_99/otero/p03.htm#7 |date=2009-09-17 }}) but probably most of them were people born in Spain who left after the Moroccan annexation</ref> | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |- style="background:#efefef;" | '''Total native speakers in the world + bilingual and as a second language where Spanish is official:''' | |rowspan=2| {{formatnum:{{#expr: 103540587 + 35468501 + 41964229 + 45563703 + 39608040 + 28213646 + 23769621 + 15513256 + 13298858 + 9291998 + 11235863 + 10120705 + 4350834 + 7981998 + 6183002 + 2397380 + 5088428 + 20000 + 448689 + 4488716 + 369000 + 3802098 + 3257352 + 2694144 + 2660 + 909000 + 106517 + 130000 + 123000 + 76565 + 106795 + 10699 + 6800 + 29907 + 12573 + 3320 + 21645 + 16788 + 2292 + 13857 + 8000 + 4100 round 0}}}} <ref name=demogr>[http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf Demografía de la lengua española] (page 38). 359.5 million people where Spanish is official and 40.5 where it is not official with native knowladges of Spanish, and another 40 million with limited knowladges. The figures of the census used are from 2000 to 2005.</ref> | 32,440,098 | |''' {{formatnum:{{#expr: 110651490 + 35468501 + 46585009 + 45641920 + 40655093 + 28892084 + 25804803 + 17127711 + 14034186 + 12408479 + 11168448 + 10184100 + 9164589 + 8133160 + 6164453 + 2397380 + 5647340 + 20000 + 448689 + 4578721 + 4489700 + 3950024 + 3334908 + 3265948 + 2660 + 1044293 + 909000 + 106517 + 130000 + 123.000 + 76565 + 106795 + 10699 + 6.800 + 23618 + 21645 + 12573 + 3320 + 16788 + 2608 + 8000 + 4100 round 0}}}} ''' <ref>450 million Spanish speakers ([http://www.fundacionblu.org/actaslengua/acta_conclusiones_lengua_espanola.asp?id=1 I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129052910/http://www.fundacionblu.org/actaslengua/acta_conclusiones_lengua_espanola.asp?id=1 |date=2011-01-29 }} and [http://www.fundacionblu.org/actaslengua/acta_lengua_espanola.asp?id=7 IV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015030418/http://www.fundacionblu.org/actaslengua/acta_lengua_espanola.asp?id=7 |date=2010-10-15 }} International minutes of the Spanish language, and [http://www.cervantes.es/sobre_instituto_cervantes/prensa/2009/noticias/caffarel_casa_america.htm Instituto Cervantes]). 460 million Spanish speakers ([http://pdf.diariohoy.net/2007/03/25/pdf/10-c.pdf diariohoy.net], [http://www.lne.es/sociedad-cultura/1583/colombia-convierte-capital-lengua-espanola/503977.html lne.es])</ref> |- style="background:#fff;" | '''Total with Spanish speakers as a foreign language:''' | | 81,213,062 | | ''' {{formatnum:{{#expr: 452696047 + 14531499 + 18922281 - 2397380 + 8536126 + 5480000 + 3014115 + 374571 + 45231 + 21848 + 114835 + 68602 + 25356 + 19092 + 16788 round 0}}}} '''<ref name=Es2009 /><ref>In addition to 452,653,523 speakers with native knowledges, there are 14,531,499 speakers as a second language in USA. There are 18,922,281 speakers in the EU ([[:es:Anexo:Hablantes de español en la U.E. según el Eurobarómetro (2006)]]), but 2,397,380 as a first language ([http://eprints.ucm.es/8936/1/DT03-06.pdf page 37]) are counted. There are 5,480,000 and 3,014,115 speakers as a secondary language in Morocco and Philippines. There are 18,000,000 students according to the Instituto Cervantes ([[:es:Anexo:Estudiantes de español]]), but there are already counted 6,000,000 students from U.S. (cosidered into the 14,531,499 second language speakers), and already considered counted 3,385,000 students into the 18,922,281 speakers in the EU out of Spain , according to the Eurobarometer. Finally 58,382 and 20,492 students considered counted into the Morocco and Philippines speakers. There are a total of 8,536,126 students more to add, avoiding double accounting.</ref> |} === Hafta ke din === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Fiji Hindi || Spanish |- ||Sombaar||lunes |- ||Mangar||martes |- ||Budh||miércoles |- ||Bif||jueves |- ||Suk||viernes |- ||Sanichar||sábado |- ||Etwaar||domingo |} <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/socialculture/a/120709dieshebdomadis.htm |title=Latin Days of the week |access-date=2011-10-27 |archive-date=2011-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118085633/http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/socialculture/a/120709dieshebdomadis.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == <references/> == Duusra websites == * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=spa Ethnologue report for Spanish] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091022151050/http://geocities.com/Athens/Aegean/2444/splatin.html Spanish evolution from Latin] * {{es icon}} [http://buscon.rae.es/diccionario/drae.htm Dictionary of the RAE] [[Real Academia Española]]'s official Spanish language dictionary * [[Wikivoyage:Spanish phrasebook|Spanish phrasebook]] on [[Wikivoyage]] * [https://www.kopekpansiyonu.org/ Köpek pansiyonu] Gutenberg EBook * [http://www.verbix.com/languages/spanish.shtml Spanish verb conjugations] * [http://www.onlinespanishhelp.com/viewSentence.php Random Spanish Audio Examples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201092946/http://www.onlinespanishhelp.com/viewSentence.php |date=2009-02-01 }} * [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15353/15353-h/15353-h.htm#e1 The Project Gutenberg EBook of A First Spanish Reader] by [[Erwin W. Roessler]] and [[Alfred Remy]]. {{InterWiki|code=es}} <!-- interwiki --> [[vibhag:Spanish bhasa| ]] [[vibhag:Spain ke bhasa]] [[vibhag:Romance bhasa]] lp9ghhqlj9ejbfporuessdh1e4pf5xo 0 4739 339763 339687 2026-11-12T04:59:25Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | name = Steven Spielberg | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KBE}} | image = MKr25402 Steven Spielberg (Berlinale 2023) (3x4 cropped).jpg | caption = Spielberg, 2023 me | birth_name = Steven Allan Spielberg | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1946|12|18}} | birth_place = [[Cincinnati]], Ohio, US<!-- Per [[MOS:U.S.]], "the use or non-use of periods (full stops) should also be consistent with other country abbreviations in the same article (thus 'the US, UK, and USSR', not 'the U.S., UK, and USSR')." --> | education = [[California State University, Long Beach]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | occupation = {{hlist|Director|producer|screenwriter}} | organization = {{hlist|[[Amblin Entertainment]]|[[Amblin Partners]]|[[DreamWorks Pictures]]}} | years_active = 1959–present | works = {{hlist|[[Steven Spielberg filmography|Filmography]]|[[Steven Spielberg's unrealized projects|unrealized projects]]}} | spouse = {{unbulleted list | {{marriage|[[Amy Irving]]|1985|1989|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Kate Capshaw]]|1991}} }} | children = 6, including [[Sasha Spielberg|Sasha]], [[Sawyer Spielberg|Sawyer]], and [[Destry Spielberg|Destry]] | father = [[Arnold Spielberg]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Anne Spielberg]] (sister) * [[Nancy Spielberg]] (sister) * [[Jessica Capshaw]] (stepdaughter) }} | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Steven Spielberg|Full list]] | module2 = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename= Steven Spielberg Voice from Music by John Williams - World Premiere Interviews Interviews from the World Premiere of the film. edited 0.webm|title=Spielberg's voice|type=speech|description=Spielberg at the premiere of ''[[Music by John Williams]]'' (2024)<br />Recorded October 2024}} | signature = Steven Spielberg Signature.svg }} '''Steven Allan Spielberg''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|p|iː|l|b|ɜr|ɡ}}; janam: [[18 December]] [[1946]]) ek American filmmaker hae. Uu [[New Hollywood]] jamaana ke ek khaas jan hae aur aadhmik [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] ke suruu kare waala ek jan hae. Spielberg ke dher jan ek sab se mahaan aur influential filmmakers me maana jaawe hae [[history of cinema]] me aur uu [[List of highest-grossing film directors|highest-grossing film director of all time]] hae, kaaheki [[Steven Spielberg filmography|uske films]] $11 billion se jaada paisa dunia bhar me banaus hae.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Grossing Director at the Worldwide Box Office |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-star-records/worldwide/lifetime-specific-technical-role/director |access-date=December 25, 2022 |website=The Numbers |archive-date=October 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001025802/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-star-records/worldwide/lifetime-specific-technical-role/director |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uske [[List of awards and nominations received by Steven Spielberg|sammaan]] me, uske tiin [[Academy Awards]], chaar [[Golden Globe Awards]], chaar [[BAFTA Awards]], 12 [[Emmy Awards]], ek [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]], aur ek [[Grammy Award]] mila hae, aur iske saathe [[AFI Life Achievement Award]], 1995 me, ek [[honorary knighthood]] 2001 me, [[Kennedy Center Honor]] 2006 me, [[Cecil B. DeMille Award]] 2009 me, [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] 2015 me, aur [[National Medal of Arts]] 2023 me. ''[[Forbes]]'' ke anusaar , uu dunia ke ek sab se dhani celebrities me se ek hae, kaaheki uske net worth kamti-se-kamti $5.3 billion hae.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunter-Hart |first=Monica |title=The World's Celebrity Billionaires 2025 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/monicahunter-hart/2025/04/01/the-worlds-celebrity-billionaires-2025/ |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Spielberg">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/steven-spielberg/|title=Profile: Steven Spielberg|magazine=Forbes|access-date=December 10, 2024}}</ref> Uu 22 jan me se ek hae jon [[EGOT]] status achieve karis hae.<ref name="Davis">{{Cite magazine |last=Davis |first=Clayton |date=2026-02-01 |title=Steven Spielberg Achieves EGOT Status With Grammy Win for 'Music by John Williams' |url=https://variety.com/2026/music/awards/steven-spielberg-egot-grammys-win-1236648688/ |access-date=2026-02-02 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine) | Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Steven Spielberg becomes an Egot after winning Grammy for John Williams documentary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/feb/02/steven-spielberg-becomes-an-egot-after-winning-a-grammy |publisher=The Guardian |access-date=2026-05-26 |date=2026-02-02}}</ref> == Steven Spielberg ke film == * ''Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull'' ([[2008]]) * ''Dhil Maree Tur Teener Chale'' ([[2006]]) * ''Munich'' ([[2005]]) * ''War of the Worlds'' ([[2005]]) * ''The Terminal'' ([[2004]]) * ''Catch Me If You Can'' ([[2002]]) * ''Minority Report'' ([[2002]]) * ''A.I.: Artificial Intelligence'' ([[2001]]) * ''Saving Private Ryan'' ([[1998]]) (Academy Award, ''Best Director'') * ''The Lost World: Jurassic Park'' ([[1997]]) * ''Amistad'' ([[1997]]) * ''Schindler's List'' ([[1993]]) (Academy Award, ''Best Director, Best Picture'') * ''Jurassic Park'' ([[1993]]) * ''Hook'' ([[1991]]) * ''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' ([[1989]]) * ''Always'' ([[1989]]) * ''Empire of the Sun'' ([[1987]]) * ''The Color Purple'' ([[1985]]) * ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' ([[1984]]) * ''Twilight Zone: The Movie'' ([[1983]]) segment: ''Kick the Can'' * ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial'' ([[1982]]) * ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'' ([[1981]]) * ''1941'' ([[1979]]) * ''Close Encounters of the Third Kind'' ([[1977]]) * ''Jaws'' ([[1975]]) * ''The Sugarland Express'' ([[1974]]) ==References== {{reflist)) {{BD|1946||Spielberg, Steven}} [[Vibhag:S]] [[vibhag:United States ke director]] [[vibhag:United States ke producer]] {{bio-stub}} 7y4rj06hjdn04r694qlo1sprmhhkyxe 0 6192 339753 335089 2026-11-12T01:06:59Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country | fullcountryname = ''Republika Hrvatska''<br />Republic of Croatia | image_flag = Flag_of_Croatia.svg | image_coa =Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg | image_location = Europe_location_CRO.png | nationalmotto = "Bog i Hrvati"<br /><small>"God and Croats" (Historically "''Antemurale Christianitatis''" ([[Latin]]),<br />"Bulwark of Christianity")</small> | nationalsong = "Lijepa naša domovino"<small><br />"Our beautiful homeland"</small> | officiallanguages = [[Croatian language|Croatian]] | populationtotal = 4,551,000 (July 2005 est) | populationrank = 115th | populationdensity = 81 | countrycapital = [[Zagreb]] | countrylargestcity = Zagreb | areatotal = 56,594 | arearank = 126th | areawater = | areawaterpercent = | establishedin = [[Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]] dissolved:<br />[[June 25]], [[1991]] | leadertitlename = [[President]]: [[Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović]]<br />[[Prime minister]]: [[Andrej Plenković]] | currency = [[Croatian kuna]] | utcoffset = [[Central European Time|CET]]: [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] +1<br />[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]: [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] +2 | dialingcode = 385 | internettld = .hr }} '''Croatia''' ek desh hai [[Europe]] mein. Iska [[capital (city)|capital]] [[city]] hai [[Zagreb]]. [[file:Hr-map.png|thumb|left|A map of Croatia]] Republic of Croatia, [[Mediterranean Sea]] aur Central [[Europe]] ke biich me ekchhota des hae. Ii Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ke ek republic rahaa, lekin 1991 se ajaad hae. Ii des [[European Union]] ke member bane mmange hae aur [[3 April]] [[2008]]me iske [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] me join kare keinvite karaa gais rahaa. [[17 October]] [[2007]] ke Croatia, [[List of elected members of the United Nations Security Council|non-permanent member]] ke [[United Nations Security Council]] ke memberbanaa. Bahut din bhae, ii jagha me Illyrian log rahat rahin aur ii logan pe Rome raj karat rahaa. Seventh century AD me, Slavs logan aae ke hian pe rahe lagin. Eleventh century me Croatia pe [[Austria-Hungary]] raaj karat rahaa. 1918 me ii [[Yugoslavia]] ke ek hissa banaa. [[World War II]] ke time Croatia independent hoe ke Hitler ke taraf hoe gais. 1945 me, Croatia nawaa, communist Yugoslavia (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) ke ek hissa banaa jon ki 1991 me khalaas bhais. Croatia abhi ek ajaad des hae. GDP per capita hai 26926 USD. [[Dalmatia]], Croatia ke ek hissa hae. <gallery> file:Croatia Pula Town Hall BW 2014-10-11 12-00-09.jpg file:Croatia Fazana BW 2014-10-11 16-16-00.jpg file:Aerial view to Motovun.jpg file:Anfiteatro de Pula, Croacia, 2017-04-17, DD 49-57 HDR PAN.jpg file:Svetvinčenat, Croatia – Main Square.jpg file:Croatia Fazana 2014-10-11 13-30-19.jpg file:20210621 105256 Croatia.jpg file:Croatian nation football squad (42545971655).jpg file:CroaciavsSuica2004.JPG </gallery> == Duusra websites == * [http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=2 The Croatian government's official website @ vlada.hr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205020608/http://www.vlada.hr/default.asp?ru=2 |date=2007-02-05 }} * [http://us.mfa.hr/?mh=186&mv=1111 Basic facts, website of the Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613175123/http://us.mfa.hr/?mh=186&mv=1111 |date=2007-06-13 }} * [http://www.croatia.hr/ Croatian National Tourist Board] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070707214010/http://www.hr/croatia General information about Croatia] * [http://www.croatia.com Web site about Croatia] * [http://www.gocroatia.info Croatia Apartments and Hotels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131105436/http://www.gocroatia.info/ |date=2010-01-31 }} * [http://www.croatia-expert.com Web site about Croatia living and travelling] [[vibhag:Croatia]] [[vibhag:NATO ke member]] [[vibhag:European Union ke member]] [[vibhag:C]] qd92ewb81njdylb13jm1qtm76jollgz 0 6339 339757 337598 2026-11-12T02:00:44Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339757 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Unemployed marching to see Mitchell, 1931.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Many became [[unemployment|unemployed]] in the Great Depression.]] '''Great Depression''' uu time rahaa jab dunia bhar ke des ke economy bahut kharaam hoe gais rahaa. Ii 1929 ke Wall Street Crash se suruu bhais rahaa. [[24 October]] [[1929]] se lae ke [[29 October]] [[1929]] talak wall street me share ke daam bahut jaada giraa. Dher jan ke kaam se nikal dewa gais rahaa. Ii log bahut garib hoe gain aur kuchh log ke rahe khatir ghar bhi nai rahaa. == Overview == {{Multiple image | image1 = US Unemployment from 1910-1960.svg | image2 = 1929 wall street crash graph.svg | caption1 = U. S. ke unemployment rate 1910 se 1960 tak, jisme Great Depression (1929–39) ke saal ke highlight karaa gais hae | caption2 = Dow Jones Industrial Average, 1928–1930 | align = right }} === Crisis ke suruu ke economic picture === [[Wall Street crash of 1929]] ke baad, jab [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] 381 se 198 jiraa rahaa, dui mahina me , lekin log optimistik rahin kuchh din talak. 1930 ke suruwaat me, stock market uppar gais, aur April 1930 me Dow 294 talak pahunch gais (pre-depression levels), lekin iske baad ii niche gire lagaa, aur 1932 me 41 talak gir gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite web|title=1998/99 Prognosis Based Upon 1929 Market Autopsy|url=https://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_98/vronsky060698.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517075810/https://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_98/vronsky060698.html|archive-date=17 May 2008|access-date=22 May 2008|publisher=Gold Eagle}}</ref> Suruu me, sarkar aur businesses 1930 ke pahila aadha hissa me jaada kharchaa karin , pahile waala saal ke mukaable me. Lekin kharide waale, jisme se dher log [[1930s]] me stock market me dher paisa lose kare rahin, aapan kharchaa ke 10% se kaat de rahin. Iske saathe, mid-1930s se, ek kharaab jhuura ke kaaran U. S. ke kheti waala jgha ke barbaad kar diis rahaa. <ref>{{cite web|title=Drought: A Paleo Perspective&nbsp;– 20th Century Drought|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_history.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330022940/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_history.html|archive-date=30 March 2009|access-date=5 April 2009|publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]]}}</ref> Interest rates , mid-1930 talak ekdam kamti hoe gais rahaa, lekin [[deflation]] aur log ke paisa kharchaa kare aur udhaar le pe hichkichaana ke kaaran consumer spending aur investment kamti rahaa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hamilton|first=James|year=1987|title=Monetary Factors in the Great Depression|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-monetary-economics_1987-03_19_2/page/145|journal=Journal of Monetary Economics|volume=19|issue=2|pages=145–69|doi=10.1016/0304-3932(87)90045-6|issn=0304-3932}}</ref> May 1930 talak, motar ke [[wikt:bikri|bikri]] 1928 ke level se kamti hoe gais rahaa. Jaada chij ke daam gire lagaa, lekin [[wikt:talab|talab]] 1930 me nai gira rahaa. 1931 me ek [[deflationary spiral]] suruu bhais rahaa. Kisan log ke prathithi aur kharaa rahaak; fasal ke girte daam aur Great Plains me jhuura uu log economic outlook ke naas kar diis rahaa. Great Depression ke choti pe Great Plains le lagbhag 10% khet ke bejaa gais rahaa, federal sarkar ke sahaeta ke bawajuut. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Great Depression|url=https://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/DustBowl/TheGreatDepression.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329184059/http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/DustBowl/TheGreatDepression.aspx|archive-date=29 March 2018|access-date=29 March 2018|website=drought.unl.edu|language=en-US}}</ref> === United States se bahaar === Suruu me, [[U.S. economy]] ke [[wikt:utpaadan|utpaadan]] kamti hona, khaali ek kaaran rahaa, jisse aur des me bhi utpaadan giaa rahaa, trade, capital movement, aur global business confidence kamti bhais rahaa. Iske baad, har ek des ke bhitri kamjori nai to taagat, haalat ke aur kharaab nai to achchhaa karis rahaa. Jaise, U.K. ke economy, jon ek economic downturn me rahaa late [[1920s]] bhar, me depression ke kamti asar rahaa, U.S. ke mukable me, Iske jagha, German economyke industrial output U.S. ke rakam gira rahaa.<ref name=cpk>{{Cite book|last=Kindleberger|first=Charles P.|title=The world in depression, 1929–1939|date=1986|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-05591-9|edition=Rev. and enl.|series=History of the world economy in the twentieth century|location=Berkeley}}</ref> Kuchh economic historians rates of recovery and relative severity of the economic decline ke antar ke attribute kare hae ki uu des effectively aapan currency ke devaluate kare paais rahaa ki nai. Iske support mile hae ki kaise ii crisis progress bhais rahaa in, e.g., Britain, Argentina, aur Brazil me, jon sab aapan currency ke jaldi devalue kar de rahin aur normal patterns of growth pe aur jaldi laut gay rahin, uu des ke mukable me jon [[gold standard]] ke kaam me laate rahin, jaise [[France]] aur [[Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kindleberger|first=Charles Poor|title=The world in depression, 1929–1939|date=1973|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-05592-6|edition=Rev. and enl. ed., 11. [print.]|series=History of the world economy in the twentieth century|location=Berkeley, Calif.}}</ref> Ek-ek des ke kosis aapan des ke shore kare ke [[protectionist]] policies se—jaise 1930 me U.S. [[Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act]] aur retaliatory tariffs duusra des me, ke kaaran dunia ke trade gir gais rahaa, jisse depression aur kharaab hoe gais rahaa.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression|date=July 2002|publisher=Gale|isbn=978-0-7876-5701-7|editor-last1=Richard|editor-first1=Clay Hanes|edition=Volume I}}</ref> 1933 talak, economic decline ke kaaran dunia ke trade, chaar saal pahile ke one-third rahaa.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tignor|first=Robert L.|title=Worlds together, worlds apart: a history of the world from the beginnings of humankind to the present|url=https://archive.org/details/worldstogetherwo0000tign_s6m3|date=28 October 2013|isbn=978-0-393-92207-3|edition=Fourth|location=New York|oclc=854609153|publisher=W. W. Norton}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50%;text-align: right;" |+ conomic indicators 1929–1932 ke badlao<ref>[[Jerome Blum]], [[Rondo Cameron]], [[Thomas G. Barnes]], ''The European world: a history,'' (2nd ed 1970), 885 pp.</ref> |- ! scope="col" style="width:36%;"| ! scope="col" style="width:16%; text-align:center;"| United States ! scope="col" style="width:16%; text-align:center;"| United Kingdom ! scope="col" style="width:16%; text-align:center;"| France ! scope="col" style="width:16%; text-align:center;"| Germany |- | style="text-align: left;"| Industrial production | −46% | −23% | −24% | −41% |- | style="text-align: left;"| Wholesale prices | −32% | −33% | −34% | −29% |- | style="text-align: left;"| Foreign trade | −70% | −60% | −54% | −61% |- | style="text-align: left;"| Unemployment | +607% | +129% | +214% | +232% |} == Course == [[File:Crowd outside nyse.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|Ek jhund [[Wall Street]] aur Broad Street ke intersection pe ekkathaa hoe hae Wall Street crash of 1929 ke baad]] === Origins === Jab ki Great Depression ke kaaran ke dispute karaa jaae hae aur iske duuno global aur national phenomena pe trace karaa jaae sake hae, iske immediate kaaran ke U.S. economy ke context me examine karaa jaawe hae, jahaan se ii crises dunia ke baaki des me faela rahaa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patel |first=Kiran Klaus |title=The New Deal: A Global History |date=2016 |publisher=Princeton University Press |pages=1–45 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt1h4mhhp |jstor=j.ctt1h4mhhp |isbn=978-0-691-14912-7 }}</ref> [[World War I]] ke baad, [[Roaring Twenties]] United States aur Western Europe me dher prosperity laais rahaa.<ref name="Soule-1947">George H. Soule, ''Prosperity Decade: From War to Depression: 1917–1929,'' (1947).</ref> Suruu me, 1929 ke saal suruu bhais jisme achchhaa economic prospects rahaa: 25 March 1929 me ek chhotaa crash ke bawajuut, market September talak barrte rahaa. Stock prices September me gire lagaa aur mahina ke ant me volatile rahaa.<ref name="pbsstock2">{{cite web|title=Timeline: A selected Wall Street chronology|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/crash/timeline/timeline2.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923040829/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/crash/timeline/timeline2.html|archive-date=23 September 2008|access-date=30 September 2008|publisher=PBS}}</ref> Stocks ke ek barra bikri October ke biich me suruu bhais rahaa. Aakhri me, 24 October ke din, [[Wall Street crash of 1929|Black Thursday]] bhais, American stock 11% gira rahaa, opening bell pe. Market ke stabilize kare ke kosis asafal rahaa, aur 28 October, Black Monday ke din, market aur 12% giraa rahaa. Agle din, Black Tuesday ke roj, market ek aur 11% gira.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Post|first1=Special to Financial|date=24 October 2011|title=The Great Crash of 1929, some key dates|language=en-CA|website=Financial Post|url=https://financialpost.com/personal-finance/the-great-crash-of-1929-some-key-dates|access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|author=<!--ET Bureau-->|date=22 October 2017|title=Market crash of 1929: Some facts of the economic downturn|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/miscellaneous/market-crash-of-1929-some-facts-of-the-economic-downturn/articleshow/61166918.cms|access-date=16 February 2019|work=The Economic Times|publisher=Times Inernet}}</ref> Hajaaro investors barbaad hoe gay rahin, aur billions of dollars khalaas hoe gais rahaa; dher stocks ke koi daam me bhi nai beja jaae sakat rahaa, koi bhi daam me.<ref name=":4" /> Budh ke din, market 12% uppar gais, lekin ii time talak dher barbaadi hoe gais rahaa. Jab ki market 14 November se 17 April 1930 talak recovery me rahaa, jaada kar ke ii ek lambaa slump rahaa. F September 1929 se 8 July 1932 talak, market 85% gira rahaa .<ref>Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Economic Data website ke anusaar, jon monthly timeseries 1929 September – 1932 June pe based hae, Dow Jones Industrial Average 87.1% giraa, jab Cowles Commission aur S&P's ke stock index 85.0% gira rahaa: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=qj2m , https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=qj2l.</ref> Crash ke bawajuut, crisis ke sab se kharaab effect dunia bhar me 1929 ke baad faela rahaa. December 1930 me crisis fir se panic level pahunch gais rahaa, jisme ek [[bank run]] [[Bank of United States]] pe, pahile ke a privately run bank jiske U.S. government (not to be confused with the [[Federal Reserve]]) se koi sambandh nai rahaa. Kaaheki ii bank aapan creditors ke bhare nai paais rahaa, ii fail hoe gais rahaa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gordon|first=John Steele|date=November–December 2018|title=The Bank of United States|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2160290916|journal=ABA Banking Journal|volume=110|issue=6|pages=58|id={{ProQuest|2160290916}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Calomiris|first=Charles W.|date=November 2007|title=Bank Failures in Theory and History: The Great Depression and Other "Contagious" Events|url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w13597|journal=National Bureau of Economic Research|series=Working Paper Series|doi=10.3386/w13597|s2cid=154123748|doi-access=free}}</ref> 608 American banks jon November aur December 1930 me band bhay rahin, Bank of United States ke $550&nbsp;million deposits lost deposit ke one-third rahaa, aur iske band hoe ke kaaran closure, bank failures ek critical mass me paunch gais rahaa.<ref>{{Citation|last=Ferguson|first=Niall|title=The Ascent of Money|date=October 2009|pages=163|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-986-173-584-9}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} <!-- interwiki --> [[Category:G]] [[Category:Itihaas]] h8fx98irsnkbfe21x4wmw1l60dcup6r 0 6606 339752 330356 2026-11-12T00:44:40Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339752 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Map of Lebanon.png|thumb]] '''Beirut''', [[Lebanon]] ke [[capital]] [[city]] hae. Ii dunia ke sab se purana city hae. Ii city [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] ke east me hae aur iske east me snow-capped mountains hae. == Gallery == <gallery> Image:Beirut_sunset(5).jpg|Sunset in Beirut, Lebanon Image:Beirut.jpg|View from bickfaya, Beirut, Lebanon Image:Beirut Downtown.jpg|Beirut Downtown, Lebanon </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} * Linda Jones Hall, ''Roman Berytus: Beirut in Late Antiquity,'' 2004. * Samir Kassir, ''Histoire de Beyrouth,'' Fayard 2003. * Richard Talbert, Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, (ISBN 0-691-03169-X), p.&nbsp;69. == Duusra websites == * [http://www.beirut.gov.lb Official website of Beirut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226230039/http://www.beirut.gov.lb/ |date=2011-02-26 }} * [http://www.downtownbeirut.com Downtown Beirut] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100928163535/http://discoverlebanon.com/en/panoramic_views/beirut/allenby_street.php Discover Lebanon - Beirut chhapas and images, virtual tour, Allenby street, parliament, museum] '''Government''' * [http://www.informs.gov.lb/EN/Main/index.asp? ''Informs.gov.lb''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506090021/http://www.informs.gov.lb/EN/Main/index.asp |date=2006-05-06 }}, the Lebanese government portal for information and forms '''Culture''' * [http://www.beirutnationalmuseum.com Musée National de Beyrouth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106175220/http://www.beirutnationalmuseum.com/ |date=2018-01-06 }}, the national museum of Beirut * [http://www.culture.gov.lb Ministry of Culture] '''Education''' * [http://www.higher-edu.gov.lb Ministry of Higher Studies (Arabic only)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004004650/http://www.higher-edu.gov.lb/ |date=2013-10-04 }} * [http://www.ul.edu.lb Lebanese University (French only)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323143306/http://www.ul.edu.lb/ |date=2010-03-23 }} * [http://www.aub.edu.lb American University of Beirut] * [http://www.lau.edu.lb Lebaneae American University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314072150/http://lau.edu.lb/ |date=2010-03-14 }} * [http://www.liu.edu.lb/beirut/index.html Lebanese International University (Beirut)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805183525/http://www.liu.edu.lb/beirut/index.html |date=2009-08-05 }} * [http://www.haegazian.edu.lb Haigazian University]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.aust.edu.lb American University College of Science and Technology] * [http://www.bau.edu.lb Beirut Arab University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516100553/http://www.bau.edu.lb/ |date=2021-05-16 }} * [http://www.hcu.edu.lb HaririCanadian University (HCU)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717123643/http://www.hcu.edu.lb/ |date=2019-07-17 }} === Media === * [http://www.future.com.lb ''Future Television (Al Mustaqbal)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050924181053/http://www.future.com.lb/ |date=2005-09-24 }}, major source of Lebanese news * [http://www.lbcgroup.tv/lbc/en/main/ ''Lebanese Broadcasting Company (LBC)''], major source of Lebanese news * [http://www.almanar.com.lb/NewsSite/News.aspx?language=en ''Al Manar TV''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202041844/http://www.almanar.com.lb/NewsSite/News.aspx?language=en |date=2010-02-02 }}, Hezbollah-run news channel [[vibhag:B]] [[vibhag:Capital cities]] [[vibhag:Lebanon]] oi2df49st38p91haip2gyhgcbcnc8av 0 6616 339761 332654 2026-11-12T04:53:19Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |official_name = Скопје<br />Skopje |website = [http://www.skopje.gov.mk/en/ skopje.gov.mk] |image_skyline = Skopje panorama 5.jpg |image_caption = Skyline of Skopje |image_flag = |image_seal = Coat of arms of Skopje (2018-today).png |image_map = MKD_muni_nonn(Skopje).png |map_caption = Location of the city of Skopje (green) in Macedonia |subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Municipalities of Macedonia|Municipality]] |subdivision_name = {{MKD}} |subdivision_name1 =[[Greater Skopje]] |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = [[Trifun Kostovski]] |area_magnitude = 1 E8 |area_total_km2 = 1854 |population_as_of = 2007 |population_total = 700 000{{Fact|date=January 2009}} |population_density_km2 = 273.422 |population_density_sq_mi = 105.568 |population_metro = 850.000{{Fact|date=January 2009}} |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |{{coord|42|0|N|21|26|E|type:city(650,000)_region:MK}} |elevation_m = 240 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = Postal codes |postal_code = 1000 |area_code = 02 |Licence Registration = SK |footnotes = Patron saint: [[Virgin Mary]] }} '''Skopje''' ([[Macedonian bhasa|Macedonian]]: '''Скопје'''; transcribed ''Skopje''), [[Republic of Macedonia]] ke sab se barraa aur [[capital]] [[city]] hae. Ii city des ke administrative, cultural, economic aur academic centre hae. Pahile iske, aur naam se bhi jaana jaawat rahaa, jaise ki : ''Üsküp'' ([[Turkish bhasa|Turkish]]) nai to ''Skoplje'' ([[Serbo-Croatian bhasa|Serbo-Croatian]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cdsee.org/pdf/WorkBook3_sr.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2010-03-20 |archive-date=2012-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304163618/http://www.cdsee.org/pdf/WorkBook3_sr.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Ii city ke purana city [[Scupi]] ke uppar banawa gais hae. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.skopje.gov.mk/EN/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=0&tabid=46 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2010-03-20 |archive-date=2009-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512232543/http://www.skopje.gov.mk/EN/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=0&tabid=46 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. 2002, ii city kepopulation 506,926 log rahaa. <ref>[http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/kniga_13.pdf 2002 census results] English aur Macedonian (PDF) me</ref>. == Duusra websites == {{commonscat|Skopje}} * [http://www.sitel.com.mk/default.asp?ItemID=B74429CB286FCB41B3A634E317FDD0C6 New Years Eve in Skopje] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103140213/http://sitel.com.mk/default.asp?ItemID=B74429CB286FCB41B3A634E317FDD0C6 |date=2009-01-03 }} * [http://skopje.inyourpocket.com/ Skopje In Your Pocket city guide] * [http://www.skopjeonline.com.mk/ Skopje Online: Culture, Dining, Sports, and Entertainment Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203121830/http://www.skopjeonline.com.mk/ |date=2018-12-03 }} * [http://www.skopjeclubbing.com.mk/ Skopje Clubbing - Nightlife Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218232541/http://www.skopjeclubbing.com.mk/ |date=2013-02-18 }} * [http://skp.airports.com.mk/ Skopje Alexander the Great Airport] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081210143705/http://www.sas.com.mk/en/ Skopje Intercity Bus Station] * [http://www.ukim.edu.mk/index.php?lan=en Saints Cyril and Methodius University - Skopje] * [http://www.skopje.gov.mk/en City of Skopje Official Portal] * [http://wikitravel.org/en/Skopje Skopje travel guide] {{coord|42.0052|21.4417|type:city|display=title}} == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:S]] [[Category:Capital cities]] [[Category:Republic of Macedonia]] 4w8v2ta2wnld9jjc7veog5r7eyggsuu 0 27146 339764 327248 2026-11-12T09:53:28Z Sampaadak 1104 339764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | name = Woody Allen | image = Woody Allen Cannes 2016.jpg | alt = Allen ke headshot chhaapa | caption = Allen in 2016 | birth_name = Allan Stewart Konigsberg | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1935|11|30}}{{efn|name="birth date"|}} | birth_place = New York City, U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | education = | occupation = {{hlist|Director|writer|actor|comedian|musician}} | years_active = 1950–present | spouse = {{Unbulleted list | {{marriage|Harlene Susan Rosen|1956|1962|reason=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Louise Lasser]]|1966|1970|reason=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Soon-Yi Previn]]|1997}} }} | partner = [[Mia Farrow]] (1980–1992) | children = 5, including [[Moses Farrow|Moses]] and [[Ronan Farrow|Ronan]] | relatives = [[Letty Aronson]] (sister) | works = [[Woody Allen filmography|Full list]] | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Woody Allen|Full list]] | website = {{URL|https://woodyallen.com/}} | signature = Woody Allen signature.svg }} '''Woody<!--The name "Heywood" is disputed and only covered in one NYT obituary, and there seems to be consensus to not include in the lead--> Allen''' (janam: '''Allan Stewart Konigsberg'''; [[30 November]] [[1935]]){{efn|Despite most references listing his birth date as December 1, in his 2020 autobiography, ''Apropos of Nothing'', Allen writes that he was actually born on November 30: "Actually, I was born on the thirtieth of November very close to midnight, and my parents pushed the date so I could start off on a day one."{{sfn|Allen|2020|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=81HYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT11 11]}} The discrepancy first came to light in 2015, when author [[David Evanier]] addressed it in his book ''Woody Allen: The Biography''.{{sfn|Evanier|2015|p=66}}<ref>Horgan, Richard (December 14, 2015). [https://www.adweek.com/performance-marketing/woody-allen-david-evanier-biography "Woody Allen's Bronx Bump"]. ''Adweek''. "Woody's birthday is not really December 1; it is November 30."</ref><ref>[https://www.thirteen.org/metrofocus/2015/12/revisiting-woody-allens-highs-lows-on-his-80th-birthday "Revisiting Woody Allen's Highs, Lows On His 80th Birthday"]. ''MetroFocus''. December 1, 2015. "Today on Dec. 1, film legend Woody Allen celebrates his 80th birthday. However, it's not his real birthday. He was born on Nov. 30 but chose the first of December as his birthday so he could be no. 1."</ref><ref>Evanier, David (November 9, 2015). [https://time.com/4100521/woody-allen-biography "How Woody Allen Got His Nickname"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228002149/https://time.com/4100521/woody-allen-biography/ |date=December 28, 2023 }}. ''Time''.</ref> Since Allen's confirmation, various sources have corrected the date in their databases.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Woody-Allen "Woody Allen | Biography, Movies, & Facts"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved January 11, 2024.</ref><ref>Leonte, Tudor (November 28, 2022). [https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/celebrity-actor-director-birthdays-week-163947283.html "Celebrity Actor & Director Birthdays This Week: Woody Allen Turns 87"]. ''Y! Entertainment''.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9ef3006f|title= Woody Allen|work=British Film Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903021451/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9ef3006f|archive-date=September 3, 2023}}</ref><ref>[https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ds3nh6 "Woody Allen - Social Networks and Archival Context"]. ''snaccooperative.org''. Retrieved January 5, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/woody_allen "Woody Allen"]. ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Retrieved January 5, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.onthisday.com/people/woody-allen "Woody Allen (Actor, Screenwriter and Director)"]. ''OnThisDay.com''.</ref><ref>[https://www.almanac.com/fact/woody-allen-actor-producer-born "Woody Allen"]. ''Almanac.com''. Retrieved January 19, 2024.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/2615%7C158123/Woody-Allen#overview|title=Woody Allen - Turner Classic Movies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514003825/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/2615%7C158123/Woody-Allen#overview|archive-date=May 14, 2024}}</ref><ref>[https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2024/11/30/UPI-Almanac-for-Saturday-Nov-30-2024/3831732936811 "On This Day in History - November 30th - Almanac"]. United Press International. November 30, 2024.</ref><ref>Associated Press (November 30, 2024). [https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/11/30/metro/today-history-november-30-wto-protesters-police-clash-seattle "Today in History: November 30, WTO protesters and police clash in Seattle"]. ''The Boston Globe''.</ref><ref>Roche, Calum (November 30, 2025). [https://en.as.com/entertainment/woody-allen-turns-90-today-these-are-the-movie-directors-must-watch-films-f202511-n/ "Woody Allen turns 90 today: these are the movie director's must-watch films"]. ''AS USA''.</ref>|name="birth date"|}} ek [[America]]n filmmaker, actor, writer, aur comedian hae. Uske career 70 saal ke hae, jisme uu film, television, aur theater ke khaatir likhis hae. Ek screenwriter ke ruup me, Allen [[List of superlative Academy Award winners and nominees#Best Original Screenplay|record hold kare hae]] sab se jaada jiit (3) aur nominations (16) [[Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay]] ke khaatir. Uske chaar [[Academy Awards]] ke alaawa, uske [[List of awards and nominations received by Woody Allen|dher aur sammaan milaa hae]], jisme hae das [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Awards]], dui [[Golden Globe Awards]], ek [[Grammy Award]], aur nominations ek [[Primetime Emmy Award|Emmy Award]] aur ek [[Tony Award]] ke khaatir.<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/tonys/la-et-cm-tony-awards-2014-season-20140608-story.html| title= Woody Allen Will Be a No Show, Per Tradition| newspaper= Los Angeles Times| access-date= March 21, 2020}}</ref> Uske [[Golden Lion|Honorary Golden Lion]] 1995 me, [[BAFTA Fellowship]] 1997 me, ek [[Honorary Palme d'Or]] 2002 me, aur [[Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award]] 2014 me, mila rahaa. Uske dui films ke [[National Film Registry]] me indust karaa gais hae, by the [[Library of Congress]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{bio-stub}} {{BD|1935||Allen, Woody}} [[Category:A]] [[vibhag:United States ke director]] [[vibhag:United States ke lekhak]] [[vibhag:United States ke actor]] [[vibhag:United States ke comedian]] [[vibhag:United States ke sangeetkaar]] 12jdiw8a0l9u60x1104dkbawawy2uaq 0 30943 339773 315642 2026-11-12T10:47:11Z Sampaadak 1104 339773 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Avatar''''' ek [[2009]] me banaa [[English bhasa|English]], [[Spanish bhasa|Spanish]] film hae. Ii film [[USA]] me [[James Cameron]] ke direction me banaa rahaa. Ii film me Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Sigourney Weaver, Stephen Lang acting kare rahin. == Sandharb == [[Vibhag:A]] [[Vibhag:English films]] [[Vibhag:Spanish films]] [[Vibhag:2009 films]] {{Film stub}} 9tmfxvgjamu83y8p9l7l2hvvnnhe3bp 0 30990 339770 316757 2026-11-12T10:30:57Z Sampaadak 1104 339770 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Titanic''''' ek [[1997]] me banaa [[English bhasa|English]] film hae. Ii film [[USA]] me [[James Cameron]] ke direction me banaa rahaa. Ii film me Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet, Billy Zane, Kathy Bates acting kare rahin. == Sandharb == [[Vibhag:C]] [[vibhag:English films]] [[Vibhag:1997 films]] {{Film stub}} ownlx79ugfl6wy8hyzo3fql0s2adppv 0 31039 339774 316465 2026-11-12T10:52:00Z Sampaadak 1104 339774 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Abyss''''' ek [[1989]] me banaa [[English bhasa|English]] film hae. Ii film [[USA]] me [[James Cameron]] ke direction me banaa rahaa. Ii film me Ed Harris, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Michael Biehn, Leo Burmester acting kare rahin. == Sandharb == [[Vibhag:T]] [[Vibhag:English films]] [[Vibhag:1989 films]] {{Film stub}} 54r07tigrb7gmxfmzremtlzn5cv8hgq 0 31245 339771 248336 2026-11-12T10:37:39Z Sampaadak 1104 339771 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Aliens''''' ek [[1986]] me banaa [[English bhasa|English]] film hai. Yea film [[USA]] me [[James Cameron]] ke direction me banaa rahaa. Ii film me Sigourney Weaver, Carrie Henn, Michael Biehn, Paul Reiser acting kare hae. == Sandharb == [[Vibhag:A]] [[Vibhag:English films]] [[Vibhag:1986 films]] {{Film stub}} acp61ks5fyna8yuw7hb5glqi0fzqwlo 0 31383 339775 284164 2026-11-12T10:55:58Z Sampaadak 1104 339775 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Aliens of the Deep''''' ek [[2005]] me banaa [[English bhasa|English]] film hae. Ii film [[USA]] me [[James Cameron]], [[Steven Quale]] ke direction me banaa rahaa. Ii film me Anatoly M. Sagalevitch, Genya Chernaiev, Victor Nischeta, Pamela Conrad acting kare hae. == Sandharb == [[Vibhag:A]] [[Vibhag:English films]] [[Vibhag:2005 films]] {{Film stub}} hk4mpr1qld70tuhj5sfyp7l1w82rqft 0 32294 339767 315913 2026-11-12T10:14:45Z Sampaadak 1104 339767 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Countdown''''' ek [[1967]] me banaa [[English bhasa|English]] film hae. Ii film [[USA]] me [[Robert Altman]] ke direction me banaa rahaa. Ii film me James Caan, Joanna Moore, Robert Duvall, Barbara Baxley acting kare rahin. == External link == [[Vibhag:C]] [[vibhag:English films]] [[Vibhag:1967 films]] {{Film stub}} 0pwyggk5kt7ewkjo8uomi3abffdjr6g 0 33248 339758 332477 2026-11-12T02:06:55Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}} {{Infobox building |name = The Harmandir Sahib<br/>ਹਰਿਮੰਦਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ<br/>The Golden Temple |alternate_names = Darbar Sahib |image = Harmandir Sahib 2015 copy.jpg |image_size = 300px |caption= The Harmandir Sahib'' (The abode of God)'',<br />known as the Golden Temple<ref name=eos/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikhs.org/summary.htm|title=Sikhism Religion of the Sikh People|work=sikhs.org}}</ref> |latd = 31|latm = 37|lats = 12|latNS = N |longd = 74|longm = 52|longs = 37|longEW = E |iso_region = IN |coordinates_display = title |location_town = [[Amritsar]] |location_country = [[India]] |construction_start_date=December 1585&nbsp;AD |completion_date=August 1604 |style = [[Sikh architecture]] }} [[File:Complete view of Golden Temple complex 06.jpg|thumb|Sri Harmandir Sahib Prisar ka poora drishya]] [[File:Complete view of Golden Temple complex 09.jpg|thumb|Sri Harmandir Sahib Prisar ka poora drishya ]] '''Sri Harmandir Sahib''' (''The abode of God'') (''Parmatma ke Ghar'') ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਹਰਿਮੰਦਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ), ya'''Sri Darbar Sahib''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ, {{IPA-pa|dəɾbɑɾ sɑhɪb}})<ref name=eos>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |title=Harimandar |last1=Kerr |first1=Ian J. |website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala |access-date=21 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729230458/http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |archive-date=29 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>Golden Temple, Punjabi University, Parm Barkshish Singh, Devinder Kumar Verma, ''ISBN 978-81-7380-569-1''</ref> jise Aam Bhasha Me '''"Golden Temple"''' Kha Jata Hae ,<ref name=eos/> [[Sikh]] Samudaye Ka Sabse Pvitar Dharmik Sthan Hae Jo [[Bharat]] Des Ke [[Punjab]] Prant Ke [[Amritsar]] Shahar Me Sthit hae.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=aZk9XzqCFGUC</ref><ref>https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/five-years-on-govt-yet-to-announce-closure-of-galliara-project-191665</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ&q=the+oxford+handbook+of+sikh+studies</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=aZk9XzqCFGUC</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amritsar.com/Golden%20Temple%20History.shtml |title=History, Harmandir Sahib, the Golden Temple, Amritsar |publisher=Amritsar Portal |accessdate=29 November 2014 |archive-date=2 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802020452/http://www.amritsar.com/Golden%20Temple%20History.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Photo gallery== {{Panorama |image = File:Golden temple pano.jpg |height = 1500 |alt = Golden Temple,Amritsar |caption = Panorama of Golden Temple, ''View 1'' }} {{Panorama |image =File:GodenTemple_Panorama.jpg |height = 300 |alt = Golden Temple,Amritsar |caption =Panorama of Golden Temple, ''View 2'' }} {{Panorama |image = File:Langar hall darbar sahib.JPG |height = 325 |alt = Golden Temple,Amritsar |caption = Visitors (without distinction of background) eating food in Langar, Sri Darbar Sahib Amritsar |File:Complete view of Golden Temple complex 06.jpg| }} <gallery> File:Nishan sahib golden temple.jpg|Nishaan Sahib (Flagstaffs) File:Golden Temple 1.jpg|The Harmandir Sahib Complex File:Golden Temple Amritsar 1987.jpg|Harmandir Sahib Amritsar 1987, [[Amritsar]]. File:GoldenTemplePanorama.jpg|Panorama of the main building and Sarovar File:Golden_Temple_1202.jpg|North Entrance gate near Ath-sath Tirath (68 Sacred Places) File:1s00 1189.jpg|Causeway to the Harmandir Sahib File:Golden_Temple_1194.jpg|Wide-angle view of the Harmandir Sahib File:Langar Canteen, Inside Golden Temple.JPG|Langar Canteen, inside the Harmandir Sahib File:Harminder sahib5.jpg|The Harmandir Sahib File:Ber Baba Buddha Ji.jpg|Ber Baba Buddha Ji File:അമൃതിലെ മീനുകൾ.jpg|Fish in Amrit File:Golden Temple side view in day light.JPG|Golden Temple side view in day light File:Harmandir Sahib Temple Punjab.JPG|Harmandir Sahib Temple Punjab File:"2" Girl at Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab India February 2014.jpg|Girl at the temple in traditional clothing File:Dukh bhanjani beri.jpg|Dukh Bhanjani Beri & Ath Sath Tirath File:Sikh pilgrim at the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar, India.jpg|Sikh pilgrim at the Harmandir Sahib.<ref name="Sarovar">{{cite book|title=Sarovar - Sacred Pool|url=http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Sarovar.htm}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027054148/http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Sarovar.htm |date=27 October 2016 }}</ref> File:Hamandir Sahib (Golden Temple).jpg|The Harmandir Sahib main building with Akal Takht Sahib File:Akal Takht and Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar, Punjab, India.jpg|Akal Takht and Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar. File:Golden_Temple_00009.jpg|Entrance to the Harmandir Sahib as seen from the inside of the complex File:Complete view of Golden Temple complex 07.jpg|Harmandir Sahib ka raatri ka poora view File:Complete view of Golden Temple complex 09.jpg|Din ka chitr File:Ramgarhia Bunga , Golden Temple , Amritsar.jpg|[[Ramgharia Bunga]] File:Langar , participatory community kitchen , Golden Temple ,Amritsar 03.jpg|Langar Tyari ki Seva File:Langar , participatory community kitchen , Golden Temple ,Amritsar 02.jpg|Langar Tyari ki Seva File:Langar , participatory community kitchen , Golden Temple ,Amritsar 01.jpg|Langar Hall Mein khana prosna File:Miri-Piri , the twin Nishan Sahib flags ,Golden Temple ,Amritsar.jpg|[[Miri Piri} Nishan Sahib File:A Sikh at Golden Temple.jpg| Ek Sikh Shardhaloo Pvitr srovar mein Snaan krte hue </gallery> </gallery> ==Ye Bhi Dekho== {{portal|South Asia|Punjab|Sikhism}} *[[Hazur Sahib Nanded]] *[[List of Gurudwaras]] *[[Most sacred sites]] *[[Sikhism]] *[[Mazhabi]] [[sikh]] {{clear}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==External links== {{commons|Harmandir Sahib}} *{{Official website|http://www.goldentempleamritsar.org/}} *[http://new.sgpc.net/ Website of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116080518/http://new.sgpc.net/ |date=16 November 2013 }} *[https://itunes.apple.com/in/app/golden-temple-live-kirtan/id562758691?mt=8 Official iPhone application] *{{Dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Punjab/Localities/Amritsar/Society_and_Culture/Religion/Golden_Temple/}} *[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1500_1599/sikhism/goldenphotosearly/goldenphotosearly.html photos from the 1880s] {{Sikhism}} [[vibhag:Religious buildings completed in 1604]] [[vibhag:Gurdwaras in Punjab, India]] [[vibhag:Amritsar]] [[vibhag:Domes]] [[vibhag:Indian architecture]] [[vibhag:Rebuilt buildings and structures in India]] [[vibhag:Religious tourism in India]] [[vibhag:1604 establishments in India]] [[vibhag:Gurdwara]] [[vibhag:G]] [[vibhag:T]] [[vibhag:H]] [[vibhag:S]] 3dv6o7r5wftow1s9yf1xosbwkjz02db 0 49281 339760 333751 2026-11-12T04:19:12Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Raveena Tandon | image = RaveenaTandon.jpg | alt = | caption = 2012 mein | birth_name = Raveena Tandon | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1974|10|26}} | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India | residence = | nationality = [[Bharat|Bhartiya]] }} '''Raveena Tandon''' (janam 26 October 1974)<ref name=DoB>{{cite news |last1=कुशवाहा |first1=अल्केश |title=सलमान के साथ 'पत्थर के फूल' में फरमाया था इश्क, ऐसी ग्लैमरस नजर आती हैं ये बॉलीवुड एक्ट्रेस.. देखें Pics |url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/bollywood/raveena-tandon-birthday-bollywood-actress-glamorous-life-see-pics-1937973 |access-date=14 April 2019 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=26 October 2018 |language=hi }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414165513/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/bollywood/raveena-tandon-birthday-bollywood-actress-glamorous-life-see-pics-1937973 |date=14 April 2019 }}</ref> ek bharatiya abhinetri, model, aur producer hae. ==References== <references/> ==Bahaari jorr== {{Commons category|Raveena Tandon}} * {{IMDb name|id=0849199}} * {{Twitter|TandonRaveena |name=Raveena Tandon}} [[vibhag:Abhinetri]] [[vibhag:1974 janam]] [[vibhag:Jinda log]] [[vibhag:India ke log]] k94nxmdsbsumd0h183mk8q1h2j7c8dn 0 53959 339768 333275 2026-11-12T10:20:41Z Ziv 35523 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Cbi logo.svg]] → [[File:Central Bureau of Investigation logo.svg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] · corr. 339768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox government agency | name = '''Central Bureau of Investigation''' | native_name_a = {{lang|hi|केन्द्रीय अन्वेषण ब्यूरो}} | type = Agency | seal = Central Bureau of Investigation logo.svg | seal_width = | seal_caption = | logo = | logo_width = | logo_caption = [[Seal (emblem)|Seal]] of CBI | motto = | employees = Sanctioned: 7274<br />Actual: 6391<br />Vacant: 883*<br /><small>as on 1 Feb 2022</small><ref name=cbi_vacancy_March2017>{{cite web|title=Over all vacancy position of CBI as on 01.03.2017|url=http://www.cbi.nic.in/rt_infoact/cbi_vac20170301.pdf|page=01|access-date=21 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321181846/http://www.cbi.nic.in/rt_infoact/cbi_vac20170301.pdf|archive-date=21 March 2017}}</ref> | budget = | formed = 1963 by resolution of home ministry | headquarters = [[New Delhi]], [[India]] | chief1_name = [[Subodh Kumar Jaiswal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/subodh-jaiswal-cbi-director-7330189/|title=Maharashtra cadre IPS Subodh Jaiswal is new CBI Director|last1=Tiwary|first1=Deeptiman|last2=C.G.|first2=Manoj|work=The Indian Express|location=New Delhi|date=25 May 2021|access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref> | chief1_position = [[Director General]] | chief2_name = | chief2_position = | chief3_name = | chief3_position = | chief4_name = | chief4_position = | chief5_name = | chief5_position = | chief6_name = | jurisdiction = [[Government of India]] | chief6_position = | chief7_name = | chief7_position = | chief8_name = | chief8_position = | chief9_name = | chief9_position = | parent_department = [[Department of Personnel and Training]] | parent_agency = | website = {{URL|https://www.cbi.gov.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''Central Bureau of Investigation''' [[India]] mein ek police ka sub division tha aur abhi ek police ka division hae jaha pe alag kisam ke kanuni jankari nikale jate hae. Iska dusra naam '''''CBI''''' hae. Picture/Filmo mein inko CBI se Jane jaate hae. Inka founder '''Dharamnath Prasad Kohli''' the who ek Indian police officer the. CBI ke president ya chair person hote hae aur inka headquarters New Delhi mein hae. Subodh Kumar Jaiswal CBI ke current chairperson hae aur 25 March 2021 se kaam kar rahe hae. CBI san 1963 se shuru hua tha. CBI mein log ke tasweer aur naam mile bhi jate hae. CBI aur Interpol ke sambandh jaane jate hae. <gallery> file:Subodh Kumar Jaiswal, Indian Police Service.jpg|Director abhi ke file:CBI Headquarters New Delhi.jpg|Head Office file:D.P.Kohli.jpg|Founder (D P. Kohli) </gallery> == CBI directors (pradhaan) == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background: gold" |Name ! style="Background: blue" |From ! style="Background: red" |To |- |Shri [[D. P. Kohli|Dharamnath Prasad Kohli]] |1 April 1963 |31 May 1968 |- |'''[[F. V. Arul]]''' |31 May 1968 |6 May 1971 |- |D. Sen |6 May 1971 |29 March 1977 |- |''[[S. N. Mathur]]'' |29 March 1977 |2 May 1977 |- |C. V. Narsimhan |2 May 1977 |25 November 1977 |- |'''''[[John Lobo]]''''' |25 November 1977 |30 June 1979 |- |'''R. D. Singh''' |30 June 1979 |24 January 1980 |- |J. S. Bajwa |24 January 1980 |28 February 1985 |- |M. G. Katre |28 February 1985 |31 October 1989 |- |A. P. Mukherjee |31 October 1989 |11 January 1990 |- |R. Sekhar |11 January 1990 |14 February 1990 |- |Vijay Karan |14 February 1990 |14 February 1990 |- |''[[S. K. Datta]]'' |14 February 1990 |31 July 1993 |- |K. V. R. Rao |31 July 1993 |31 July 1996 |- |Joginder Singh |31 July 1996 |30 June 1997 |- |R. C. Sharma |30 June 1997 |31 January 1998 |- |''[[Devarayapuram Ramasamy Kaarthikeyan|D. R. Karthikeyan]] (acting)'' |31 January 1998 |''31 March 1998'' |- |T. N. Mishra |31 March 1998 |4 January 1999 |- |''[[R. K. Raghavan]]'' |4 January 1999 |1 April 2001 |- |P. C. Sharma |1 April 2001 |6 December 2003 |- |U. S. Misra |6 December 2003 |6 December 2005 |- |Vijay Shanker Tiwari |12 December 2005 |31 July 2008 |- |[[Ashwani Kumar(Governor)|'''Ashwani Kumar''']] |2 August 2008 |30 November 2010 |- |''A. P. Singh'' |30 November 2010 |30 November 2012 |- |[[Ranjit Sinha]] |3 December 2012 |2 December 2014 |- |''Anil Sinha'' |3 December 2014 |2 December 2016 |- |''[[Rakesh Asthana (Special Director)]]'' |3 December 2016 |27 July 2021 |- |'''Alok Verma''' |1 February 2017 |10 January 2019 |- |M. Nageshwar Rao '''(interim)''' |24 October 2018 |1 February 2019 |- |[[Praveen Sinha (Special Director)]] |2 February 2021 | present |- |''[[Subodh Kumar Jaiswal]]'' |25 May 2021 |present |} == references == [[vibhag:India]] [[vibhag:C]] [[vibhag:B]] [[vibhag:I]] <references /> 1pvwkcr87q33e10ljsqhfwvk4e3hx5x 0 58133 339748 338747 2026-11-11T14:28:43Z CommonsDelinker 148 Removing [[:c:File:Nusli_Wadia.jpg|Nusli_Wadia.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Taivo|Taivo]] because: Missing [[:c:COM:EI|essential information]] such as [[:c:COM:L|license]], [[:c:COM:PERMISSION|permission]] or source ([[:c:COM:CSD#F 339748 wikitext text/x-wiki Nusli Wadia: Ness and Jahangir Wadia aur Neville Wadia Net worth: 4 - 6 billion USD == Li bhi dekho == ''Mohammad Jinnah(Liaquat Ali Khan), Dina Wadia, Jesus, Hiranand Karani aur Salvador Dali, Forbes aur Bloomberg'' [[vibhag:N]] 4lju102afb0gsd689654fdex27gnu8v 0 61254 339756 337659 2026-11-12T01:50:22Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language family | name = Germanic | region = Dunia bhar me, jaada kar ke Northern, Western and Central Europe, the [[Americas]] ([[Anglo-America]], [[Caribbean Netherlands]] and [[Suriname]]), [[Southern Africa]], [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]], [[Oceania]] | familycolor = Indo-European | protoname = [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] | child1 = [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] | child2 = [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] | child3 = [[East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] [[Extinct_language|{{Extinct}}]] | iso2 = gem | iso5 = gem | glotto = germ1287 | glottorefname = Germanic | lingua = 52- (phylozone) | map = Germanic languages with dialects revised.png | mapcaption = European Germanic languages | map2 = Germanic languages.svg | mapalt2 = world map dekhae hae uu des jahaan pe ek Germanic bhasa khaas, nai to sarkari bhasa hae | mapcaption2 = ''world map dekhae hae uu des jahaan pe ek Germanic bhasa khaas, nai to sarkari bhasa hae''<br /> {{legend|#800000|Des jahaan pe ek Germanic bhasa jaada log ke matr bhasa hae.}} {{legend|#ff0000|Des jahaan pe ek Germanic bhasa sarlari bhasa hae lekin jaada log ke matr bhasa nai hae]]}} {{legend|#f6c0f1|Des jahaan pe ek Germanic bhasa ke koi official status nai hae lekin kaam me laawa jaae hae}} }} '''Germanic bhasa''', ek bhasa ke palwaar hae jon [[Indo-European bhasa]] ke palwaar ke ek hissa hae. Isme lagbhag 515 million log baat kare hae{{refn|group=nb|Estimates of native speakers of the Germanic languages vary from 450 million, jaada kar ke [[Europe]], [[North America]], [[Oceania]] aur southern [[Africa]] me. Sab se jaada baat karaa jaae waala Germanic bhasa, [[English bhasa]] hae, jon [[dunia]] ke sab se jaada bola jaae waala bhasa hae, with lagbhag 2 billion baat kare waala log. Sab Germanic bhasa Proto-Germanic me se aais hae jisme Iron Age me [[Scandinavia]], northern [[Germany]]<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Andrew |editor-last=Bell-Fialkoll |title=The Role of Migration in the History of the Eurasian Steppe: Sedentary Civilization v. "Barbarian" and Nomad |url=https://archive.org/details/roleofmigrationi0000unse |year=2000 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=0-312-21207-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/roleofmigrationi0000unse/page/117 117]}}</ref>, [[North Sea]] ke coast me aur [[Baltic Sea]] ke coast me bola jaawat rahaa.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Germanic-languages/The-emergence-of-Germanic-languages | title=Germanic languages - Proto-Germanic, Indo-European, Germanic Dialects &#124; Britannica | access-date=29 December 2023 | archive-date=29 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229223738/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Germanic-languages/The-emergence-of-Germanic-languages | url-status=live }}</ref> Germanic bhasa ke tiin hissa me baata jaae hae; [[North Germanic bhasa]], [[West Germanic bhasa]] aur [[East Germanic bhasa]]. West Germanic bhasa me tiin sab se jaada bola jaae waala Germanic bhasa hae; English bhasa, jon 360-400 million log ke matr bhasa hae<ref name="NE100">{{cite web |url=http://www.ne.se/spr%C3%A5k/v%C3%A4rldens-100-st%C3%B6rsta-spr%C3%A5k-2010 |title=Världens 100 största språk 2010 |work=[[Nationalencyklopedin]] |trans-title=The world's 100 largest languages in 2010 |year=2010 |access-date=12 February 2014 |language=sv |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006155303/http://www.ne.se/spr%C3%A5k/v%C3%A4rldens-100-st%C3%B6rsta-spr%C3%A5k-2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>, [[German bhasa]], jon 100 million log ke matr bhasa hae aur [[Dutch bhasa]], jon 24 million log ke matr bhasa hae. Aur West Germanic bhasa hae [[Afrikaans]], [[Low German bhasa]], [[Yiddish]], [[Scots bhasa]], [[Limburgish bhasa]] aur [[Frisian bhasa]]. Sab se barraa North Germanic bhasa hae [[Swedish bhasa]], [[Danish bhasa]], aur [[Norwegian bhasa]]. East Germanic bhasa me [[Gothic bhasa]], [[Burgundian bhasa]] aur [[Vandalic bhasa]] rahaa, jon sab abhi mar gais hae. [[vibhag:G]] [[vibhag:Germanic bhasa| ]] eihvfvzlb9mwdud8bofotap8p131mwx 0 62713 339759 319489 2026-11-12T03:07:59Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Lena | native_name = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Lone-maiden-formation.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Lena Pillars a, naddi ke bagal me, Yakutsk ke nagiich | map = Lena River basin.png | map_size = | map_caption = Lena ke watershed | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 2 <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[Russia]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|4,294|km|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = {{convert|10,000|m|abbr=on}} | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = {{convert|28|m|abbr=on}} | discharge1_location = [[Kyusyur]], [[Russia]] (Basin size: {{convert|2,440,000|km2|abbr=on}} to {{convert|2,418,974|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic">{{cite journal |last1=Stadnyk |first1=Tricia A. |last2=Tefs |first2=A. |last3=Broesky |first3=M. |last4=Déry |first4=S. J. |last5=Myers |first5=P. G. |last6=Ridenour |first6=N. A. |last7=Koenig |first7=K. |last8=Vonderbank |first8=L. |last9=Gustafsson |first9=D. |title=Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic |journal=Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |date=28 May 2021 |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=00098 |doi=10.1525/elementa.2020.00098 |bibcode=2021EleSA...9...98S |s2cid=236682638 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | discharge1_min = {{convert|366|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = (Period of data: 1971–2015){{convert|17,773|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic"/> (Period of data: 1970–1999){{convert|17,067|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwp.ru/upload/medialibrary/6a1/6a16cca9b59251ad80a7945d9acb5ef6.pdf|title=Variations of the Present-Day Annual and Seasonal Runoff in the Far East and Siberia with the Use of Regional Hydrological and Global Climate Models|year=2018|access-date=2025-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251028194341/https://www.iwp.ru/upload/medialibrary/6a1/6a16cca9b59251ad80a7945d9acb5ef6.pdf|archive-date=2025-10-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{convert|15,500|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref>http://www.abratsev.narod.ru/biblio/sokolov/p1ch23b.html, Sokolov, Eastern Siberia // Hydrography of USSR. (in russian)</ref> | discharge1_max = {{convert|241,000|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} [[Lena Delta]], [[Laptev Sea]], [[Russia]] (Period of data: 1984–2018){{convert|577|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Changing freshwater contributions to the Arctic"/> (Period of data: 1940–2019) {{convert|545.7|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card/Report-Card-2018/ArtMID/7878/ArticleID/786/Riser-Discharge|title=River Discharge|access-date=2025-02-16|archive-date=2021-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921152947/https://www.arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card/Report-Card-2018/ArtMID/7878/ArticleID/786/Riser-Discharge|url-status=dead}}</ref> | discharge5_location = [[Kirensk]] | discharge5_min = | discharge5_avg = {{convert|480|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge5_max = | discharge4_location = [[Vitim]] | discharge4_min = | discharge4_avg = {{convert|1,700|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge4_max = | discharge3_location = [[Olyokminsk]] | discharge3_min = | discharge3_avg = {{convert|4,500|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge3_max = | discharge2_location = [[Vilyuy]] | discharge2_avg = {{convert|12,100|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} [[Tabaga]], [[Yakutsk]] (Basin size: {{convert|987,000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} (Period of data: 1967–2017) {{convert|7,453.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="HAL">{{cite journal |last1=Gautier |first1=Emmanuèle |last2=Dépret |first2=Thomas |last3=Cavero |first3=Julien |last4=Costard |first4=François |last5=Virmoux |first5=Clément |last6=Fedorov |first6=Alexander |last7=Konstantinov |first7=Pavel |last8=Jammet |first8=Maël |last9=Brunstein |first9=Daniel |title=Fifty-year dynamics of the Lena River islands (Russia): Spatio-temporal pattern of large periglacial anabranching river and influence of climate change |journal=Science of the Total Environment |date=August 2021 |volume=783 |pages=147020 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147020 |pmid=34088165 |s2cid=234836524 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021ScTEn.78347020G }}</ref>(max. {{convert|51,600|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}})<ref name="HAL"/> | source1 = [[Baikal Mountains]] | source1_location = [[Kachugsky District]], [[Irkutsk Oblast]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|53|59|40|N|107|52|33|E|}} (approximately) | source1_elevation = {{convert|1,640|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Lena Delta]] | mouth_location = Arctic Ocean, [[Laptev Sea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|72.4087|126.6847}} | mouth_elevation = {{Convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|2,460,742|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} to<br/> {{convert|2,490,000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[Vilyuy]] | tributaries_right = [[Kirenga]], [[Vitim (river)|Vitim]], [[Olyokma]], [[Aldan (river)|Aldan]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Lena''', Russian Far East ke ek [[naddi]] hae aur ii [[Siberia]] ke tiin barraa naddi me se sab se east me hae. Ii tiino naddi [[Arctic Ocean]] me jaae ke nikle hae. The Lena naddi {{cvt|4,294|km|mi}} lambaa hae aur iske drainage basin {{cvt|2,490,000|km2|mi2}} hae. Lena Naddi, [[dunia]] ke 11th sab se lambaa naddi hae aur sab se lambaa naddi jon puura [[Russia]] ke bhittar hae.<ref name=gvr>{{GVR|253823|Река Лена}}</ref> [[vibhag:L]] [[vibhag:Siberia ke naddi]] hd7okbw797pxq2ma9hij9exnd4nm42c 0 62923 339751 320179 2026-11-12T00:21:57Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Amur Naddi | name_other = Heilong | name_etymology = [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]: {{transliteration|mn|amar}} ("rest") se <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Amur River.JPG | image_size = 260px | image_caption = | map = Amurrivermap.png | map_size = 260px | map_caption = Amur watershed ke map| pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 4 <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Russia]]|[[China]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Cities | subdivision_name5 = {{hlist|[[Blagoveshchensk]]|[[Heihe]]|[[Tongjiang, Heilongjiang|Tongjiang]]<br/>|[[Khabarovsk]]|[[Amursk]]<br/>|[[Komsomolsk-on-Amur]]<br/>|[[Nikolayevsk-on-Amur]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|2,824|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia |first1=Aleksandr Pavlovich |last1=Muranov |first2=Charles E. |last2=Greer |first3=Lewis |last3=Owen |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Amur-River |title=Amur River |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |edition=online |access-date=2016-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521234231/https://www.britannica.com/place/Amur-River |archive-date=2016-05-21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader">{{cite book|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader|last1=Eugene A.|first1=Simonov|last2=Thomas D.|first2=Dahmer|date=2008 |publisher=Ecosystems |isbn=9789881722713}}</ref><br/> ([[Amur]]–[[Argun (Amur)|Argun]]–Hailar: 4,444 km)<ref name="Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader">{{cite book|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader|last1=Eugene A.|first1=Simonov|last2=Thomas D.|first2=Dahmer|date=2008 |publisher=Ecosystems |isbn=9789881722713}}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = {{convert|5,000|m|abbr=on}} | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = {{convert|57|m|abbr=on}} | discharge1_location=[[Amur Liman|Near mouth]] | discharge1_avg =(Period: 2002–2020){{cvt|12,360|m3/s|km3/year|abbr=on}}<ref name="Intra-Seasonal Variability">{{cite journal|journal=Remote Sensing|title=Intra-Seasonal Variability of Sea Level on the Southwestern Bering Sea Shelf and Its Impact on the East Kamchatka and East Sakhalin Currents|doi=10.3390/rs15204984|volume=15|issue=20|last1=Andrey|first1=Andreev|year=2023|page=4984 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023RemS...15.4984A }}</ref> (Period: 1896–2004){{convert|11,330|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/water/blanks/assessment/okhotsk_japan.pdf|title=DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SEA OF JAPAN|pages=60–67}}</ref><br><ref name="Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader">{{cite book|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader|last1=Eugene A.|first1=Simonov|last2=Thomas D.|first2=Dahmer|date=2008 |publisher=Ecosystems |isbn=9789881722713}}</ref> <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Onon (river)|Onon]]-[[Shilka (river)|Shilka]] | source1_location = [[Khan Khentii Strictly Protected Area]], [[Khentii Province]], Mongolia | source1_coordinates= {{coord|48|48|59|N|108|46|13|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|2,045|m|abbr=on}} | source2 = [[Argun (Amur)|Argun]] | source2_location = [[Greater Khingan]], [[Hulunbuir]], China | source2_coordinates= {{coord|49.937|122.465|display=inline}} | source2_elevation = | source_confluence = | source_confluence_location = Near Pokrovka, [[Russia]] | source_confluence_coordinates= {{coord|53|19|58|N|121|28|37|E|display=inline}} | source_confluence_elevation = {{convert|303|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Strait of Tartary]] | mouth_location = Near [[Nikolayevsk-on-Amur]],<br/> [[Khabarovsk Krai]], Russia | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|52|56|50|N|141|05|02|E}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression =[[Strait of Tartary]] ([[Sea of Okhotsk]]) | river_system = [[Amur|Amur River]] | basin_size = {{convert|1,855,000|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Britannica" /><br/> {{cvt|2,129,700|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<br/>(with undrained areas)<ref name="Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader">{{cite book|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader|last1=Eugene A.|first1=Simonov|last2=Thomas D.|first2=Dahmer|date=2008 |publisher=Ecosystems |isbn=9789881722713}}</ref> | tributaries_left = [[Shilka (river)|Shilka]], [[Amazar (river)|Amazar]], Oldoy, [[Zeya (river)|Zeya]], [[Bureya (river)|Bureya]],<br/> [[Arkhara River|Arkhara]], [[Bidzhan]], [[Bira (river)|Bira]], [[Tunguska (Amur)|Tunguska]], [[Lake Bolon|Bolon]],<br/> [[Gorin (river)|Gorin]], [[Lake Udyl|Bichi]], [[Amgun]], Palvinskaya | tributaries_right = [[Argun (Amur)|Argun]], Emuer, [[Huma River (Heilongjiang)|Huma]], Xun, Kuerbin,<br/> [[Songhua River|Songhua]], Nongjiang, [[Ussuri]], Sita,<br/> Nemta, [[Anyuy (Amur)|Anyuy]], [[Gur (river)|Gur]], Yai | custom_label = | custom_data = |discharge2_location=[[Bogorodskoye, Khabarovsk Krai|Bogorodskoye]] |discharge2_avg=(Period: 2008–2019){{cvt|11,459|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="A hydraulic model of the Amur River informed by ICESat-2 elevation">{{cite journal|journal=Hydrological|title=A hydraulic model of the Amur River informed by ICESat-2 elevation|volume=68|issue=14|last1=Peter|first1=Bauer-Gottwein|last2=Elena|first2=Zakharova|last3=Monica|first3=Coppo Frías|last4=Heidi|first4=Ranndal|last5=Karina|first5=Nielsen|last6=Linda|first6=Christoffersen|page=2027-2041|year=2023|doi=10.1080/02626667.2023.2245811 |bibcode=2023HydSJ..68.2027B |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2023.2245811}}</ref> (Period: 1896–2004){{convert|10,100|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="auto1"/><br><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iwp.ru/upload/medialibrary/6a1/6a16cca9b59251ad80a7945d9acb5ef6.pdf|title=Variations of the Present-Day Annual and Seasonal Runoff in the Far East and Siberia with the Use of Regional Hydrological and Global Climate Models|access-date=2025-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251028194341/https://www.iwp.ru/upload/medialibrary/6a1/6a16cca9b59251ad80a7945d9acb5ef6.pdf|archive-date=2025-10-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> |discharge3_location=[[Komsomolsk-on-Amur]] |discharge3_avg =(Period: 2012–2019){{cvt|10,259|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="A hydraulic model of the Amur River informed by ICESat-2 elevation">{{cite journal|journal=Hydrological|title=A hydraulic model of the Amur River informed by ICESat-2 elevation|volume=68|issue=14|last1=Peter|first1=Bauer-Gottwein|last2=Elena|first2=Zakharova|last3=Monica|first3=Coppo Frías|last4=Heidi|first4=Ranndal|last5=Karina|first5=Nielsen|last6=Linda|first6=Christoffersen|page=2027-2041|year=2023|doi=10.1080/02626667.2023.2245811 |bibcode=2023HydSJ..68.2027B |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2023.2245811}}</ref> |discharge4_location=[[Khabarovsk]] |discharge4_avg=(Period: 2008–2018){{cvt|8,384|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="A hydraulic model of the Amur River informed by ICESat-2 elevation">{{cite journal|journal=Hydrological|title=A hydraulic model of the Amur River informed by ICESat-2 elevation|volume=68|issue=14|last1=Peter|first1=Bauer-Gottwein|last2=Elena|first2=Zakharova|last3=Monica|first3=Coppo Frías|last4=Heidi|first4=Ranndal|last5=Karina|first5=Nielsen|last6=Linda|first6=Christoffersen|page=2027-2041|year=2023|doi=10.1080/02626667.2023.2245811 |bibcode=2023HydSJ..68.2027B |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2023.2245811}}</ref> (Period: 1896–2004){{convert|8,360|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="auto1"/><br> |discharge5_location=[[Blagoveshchensk]] |discharge5_avg =(Period: 1971–2000){{cvt|2,859.1|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Heilong Jiang-Amur">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=53&catid=213&Itemid=179|title=Heilong Jiang-Amur}}</ref> | extra = }} '''Amur Naddi''', jiske '''Heilong Naddi''' ke naam se bhi jaana jaae hae, northeast [[Asia]] ke ek naddi hae jon saal bhar bahe hae. Ii [[Russia]] ke far east aur northeast [[China]] ke biich ke border bhi hae. Amur Naddi 2,824 km (1,755 mi) lambaa hae aur iske drainage baisin {{cvt|1,855,000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} ke hae.<ref name="bse">[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article049012.html Амур (река в Азии)], [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]</ref> Agar isme iske khaas upnaddi, Argun Naddi ke jorraa jaae tab ii {{cvt|4,444|km|mi|abbr=on}} lambaa hae<ref name="Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader">{{cite book|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader|last1=Eugene A.|first1=Simonov|last2=Thomas D.|first2=Dahmer|date=2008 |publisher=Ecosystems |isbn=9789881722713}}</ref>, jisse ii [[dunia]] ke 10th sab se lambaa naddi hae. [[vibhag:A]] [[vibhag:Siberia ke naddi]] [[vibhag:China ke naddi]] 8gj1t18ugw8rizxvy2hrk1z9opx44vb 0 67353 339749 334952 2026-11-11T17:05:49Z Ayaan Idris Khan 42182 /* Gallery */ removed highly probably AI generated image 339749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|honorific_prefix=[[Maharaja]]|name=Virendra Vasudev Mohan Dar|image=Kalighat Patachitra of Maharaja Virendra Mohan Dar.jpg|caption=|birth_date=14 September 1758|birth_place=[[Akhnoor]], [[Kashmir]]|death_date=3 February 1821 (aged 62)|known_for=[[Dar Raj]] ke sansthapak|children=4|relations=[[Vaqif Ali Khan Dar|Vallabh Mohan Dar]] (brother)}} [[Maharaja]] '''Virendra Vasudev Mohan Dar''' jinhe '''Raja Virendra Mohan Dar''' ke naam se bhi jaana jata hai, 18vin sadi ke ek pramukh [[Kashmiri Pandit]] [[Maharaja]] the. Unka janm 1758 me [[Akhnoor]] kshetra, [[Kashmir]] me hua tha.<ref>Bhattacharya, N. (1938, April 18). ''Dar Raj (Dhar Raj) of Akhnur and Dhaka : Nalinikanta Bhattacharya : [[iarchive:dar-raj-dhar-raj-of-akhnur-and-dhaka|Dar Raj (Dhar Raj) of Akhnur and Dhaka]]''[[iarchive:dar-raj-dhar-raj-of-akhnur-and-dhaka|.]] Internet Archive. </ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=eUy3EQAAQBAJ&pli=1|title=Mahārāja Vīrendra Mohan Dār of Akhnūr|last=Mukherjee|first=Ramesh Chandra|date=1987-07-21|publisher=Nīldhôni Prokāśônā|year=1987|location=Calcutta|language=en}}</ref> Virendra Mohan Dar [[Dar Raj]] ke sansthapak the aur unhe [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] ke shasan kaal ke dauran '''Maharaja''' ki upadhi pradan ki gayi thi. Unka prabhav Kashmir ke rajnitik aur samajik itihaas me mahatvapurn maana jata hai. Unke vanshaj baad me Bengal ke kuch hisson me sthapit hue, jahan Dar Raj parivar ka itihas viksit hua.<ref name="KashmirHistory">Khan, Mohammad Ishaq (2004). ''History of Medieval Kashmir''. Srinagar: Gulshan Books. pp. 312–314.</ref> Kayi aitihasik granthon aur census dastavez me Virendra Mohan Dar ka ullekh milta hai, jisme unhe Kashmir ke Durrani kaal ke pramukh sthaniya shasakon me gina gaya hai. Unka nidhan 1821 me hua tha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ikram|first=Sheikh Mohamad|title=History of Muslim Civilization in India and Pakistan|date=1989|publisher=Institute of Islamic Culture|pages=201–202}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sufi|first=G. M. D.|title=Kashīr, Being a History of Kashmir from the Earliest Times to Our Own|date=1974|publisher=Light & Life Publishers|pages=85–86}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Abstracts: Modern History Abstracts, 1775–1914|date=1988|publisher=American Bibliographical Center|pages=69, 70, 98}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Census of India, 1931|date=1933|publisher=Manager of Publications|pages=186, 188}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery> file:Kalighat Patachitra of Maharaja Virendra Mohan Dar.jpg|Maharaja Virendra Mohan Dar. Posthumous Kalighat patachitra, commissioned by his great-grandson [[Mohini Mohan Dhar]], {{Circa|1929}}, Kalighat, Calcutta. file:Akhnoorer Maharaja Virendra Mohan Dar er Jiboncharit.png|''From book- Akhnoorer Maharaja Virendra Mohan Dar er Jiboncharit'' SN Chattopadhyay, 1929 file:Virendra Mohan Dar.jpg|Virendra Mohan Dar image from ''[https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=eUy3EQAAQBAJ Mahārāja Vīrendra Mohan Dār of Akhnūr]'' Ramesh Chandra Mukherjee Jul 1987 · ''Nīldhôni Prokāśônā'' file:Virendra Mohan Dar of Akhnoor.jpg|Virendra Mohan Dar of Akhnoor image, 2013 file:Raja Virendra Mohan Dar.jpg|Physical Image- Image of Maharaja Virendra Mohan Dar, Srinagar, 1981 </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} i04l3n0fiueq2ldvqfohrfd505xqy0r 0 68414 339755 334492 2026-11-12T01:29:52Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Feryal Clark | native_name = Feryal Clark | native_name_lang = en | image = Official portrait of Feryal Clark MP crop 2.jpg | caption = Feryal Clark | office = [[Member of Parliament]] (United Kingdom) | constituency = [[Enfield North]] | term_start = 12 December 2019 | term_end = | predecessor = Joan Ryan | successor = | party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] | nationality = British | occupation = [[Politician]] }} '''Feryal Clark''' (janam ke naam: Feryal Demirci) ek British [[politician]] hai, jon [[United Kingdom]] ke [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] ke member hai. Uu 2019 ke United Kingdom general election ke baad se '[[Enfield North]]' constituency se [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) hai. National politics me aae se pahile, uu local government me bhi kaam karis rahaa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brunskill |first=Ian |date=19 March 2020 |title=The Times guide to the House of Commons 2019: the definitive record of Britain's historic 2019 General Election |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers Limited |page=193 |isbn=978-0-00-839258-1}}</ref> == Shuruaati political career == Feryal Clark aapan political career [[London]] ke local elections se suruu karis rahaa. Uu Hackney Borough Council me 'Hoxton East and Shoreditch' ward ke represent karis. 2010 aur 2014 ke local elections me uske councillor chuna gais rahaa. Ii time me uu health aur social care ke portfolio bhi sambhaalis.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/22944723.local-elections-hoxton-east-shoreditch-ward-result/ |title=Local elections: Hoxton East and Shoreditch ward result |date=2014-05-23 |website=Hackney Gazette |language=en |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.andrewteale.me.uk/leap/results/2010/7/#ward122 |title=Local Elections Archive Project - 2010 - Hackney |website=www.andrewteale.me.uk |access-date=8 March 2026 |archive-date=22 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222163826/https://www.andrewteale.me.uk/leap/results/2010/7/#ward122 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2016 me, Clark (uu time Demirci) ke [[London Assembly]] election khatir Labour Party ke list me rakha gais rahaa, lekin uu nai chuna gais.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.londonelects.org.uk/im-voter/who-vote/london-wide-assembly-member-candidates |title=London-wide Assembly Member candidates 2016 {{!}} London Elects |website=www.londonelects.org.uk |language=en |access-date=8 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812091858/https://www.londonelects.org.uk/im-voter/who-vote/london-wide-assembly-member-candidates |archive-date=12 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Parliamentary career == November 2019 me, Clark ke 'Enfield North' constituency se Labour Party ke candidate chuna gais.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hackneypost.co.uk/feryal-clark-enfield-north/ |title=Feryal Clark selected as Labour Candidate for Enfield North |last=Grossman |first=Sam |date=2019-11-07 |website=Hackney Post |language=en-GB |access-date=8 March 2026 |archive-date=2024-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126184703/http://hackneypost.co.uk/feryal-clark-enfield-north/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.t-vine.com/hackney-councillor-feryal-demirci-is-labours-parliamentary-candidate-for-enfield-north/ |title=Hackney councillor Feryal Demirci is Labour’s Parliamentary candidate for Enfield North |website=www.t-vine.com |language=en-GB |access-date=8 March 2026 |archive-date=24 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724084905/https://www.t-vine.com/hackney-councillor-feryal-demirci-is-labours-parliamentary-candidate-for-enfield-north/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> December 2019 ke [[United Kingdom general election, 2019|general election]] me uu jitis aur pahila dafe British parliament ke Member of Parliament banis.<ref>{{cite news |title=Enfield North parliamentary constituency – Election 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref> === Labour Party leadership aur Shadow Cabinet === 2020 ke Labour Party leadership election me, Clark Lisa Nandy ke support karis rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wigantoday.net/news/politics/here-are-the-23-mps-backing-wigans-lisa-nandy-in-the-labour-party-leadership-contest-2499554 |title=Here are the 23 MPs backing Wigan's Lisa Nandy in the Labour Party leadership contest |date=2020-01-10 |website=Wigan Today |language=en |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref> December 2021 me, jab party leader Keir Starmer aapan team me badlao karis, tab Clark ke 'Shadow Minister for Primary Care and Patient Safety' banawa gais.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://labourlist.org/2021/12/keir-starmer-unveils-new-frontbench-team-after-wider-reshuffle/ |title=Keir Starmer unveils new frontbench team after wider reshuffle |last=Rodgers |first=Sienna |date=2021-12-04 |website=LabourList |language=en-GB |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Feryal |date=4 December 2021 |title=Delighted to have been asked to join @wesstreeting's team as Shadow Minister for Primary Care and Patient Safety |website=Twitter |url=https://x.com/i/status/1467167943414976522}}</ref> September 2023 me ek aur badlao me, uske Labour frontbench par 'Shadow Minister of State' ke rup me promote karaa gais.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://labourlist.org/2023/09/labour-reshuffle-starmer-unveils-five-new-shadow-ministers/ |title=Labour reshuffle: Starmer unveils 12 more junior shadow ministers |last=Jones |first=Tom Belger, Morgan |date=2023-09-05 |website=LabourList |language=en-GB |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref> === 2024 election aur abhi ke position === 4 July 2024 ke general election me Clark ke Enfield North se fir se chuna gais.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://electionresults.parliament.uk/ |title=UK Parliament election results: General election for the constituency of Enfield North on 4 July 2024 |website=UK Parliament election results |language=en-GB |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref> Election ke baad jab Labour Party sarkaar me aais, tab uske Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) me Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State appoint karaa gais.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/people/feryal-clark |title=Feryal Clark MP |website=GOV.UK |language=en |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref> == Political views == Parliament me Clark health aur social care ke mudda pe aapan awaaz uthaais hai. January 2022 me, uu United Kingdom ke sarkaar se 1915 ke [[Armenian Genocide]] ke official recognition dewe ke maang karis rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.armradio.am/2022/01/27/feryal-clark-mp-calls-on-uk-government-to-recognize-the-armenian-genocide/ |title=Feryal Clark MP calls on UK Government to recognize the Armenian Genocide |website=Public Radio of Armenia |language=en-US |access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} == Bahaari jorr == * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75621766 Wikidata pe Feryal Clark (Q75621766)] * [https://members.parliament.uk/member/4785/profile UK Parliament website pe profile] [[Category:United Kingdom ke politician]] [[Category:Labour Party (UK) ke politician]] [[Category:Jinda log]] lymjd34s24axgxea3h69k7ztebxxf9b 0 69858 339754 339723 2026-11-12T01:27:04Z InternetArchiveBot 26740 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 339754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | name = Elia Kazan | image = Elia Kazan.JPG | caption = Kazan, {{c.|1950}} me | native_name = {{small|{{lang|el|Ηλίας Καζαντζόγλου}}}} | signature = Elia Kazan's signature.png | birth_name = Elias Kazantzoglou | birth_date = {{birth date|1909|9|7}} | birth_place = [[Constantinople<!--Use "Constantinople" for the Ottoman-era city, see [[Talk:History of Istanbul]] RFC on Constantinople -->, Ottoman Empire]] <br/> (now Istanbul, Turkey) | death_date = {{death date and age|2003|9|28|1909|9|7}} | death_place = [[Manhattan]], New York City, U.S. | education = {{ubl|[[Williams College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])|[[Yale University]]|[[Juilliard School]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Director|producer|screenwriter|actor}} | years_active = 1934–1976 | spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|[[Molly Day Thacher]]|1932|1963|end=died}}|{{marriage|[[Barbara Loden]]|1967|1980|end=died}}|{{marriage|[[Frances Kazan|Frances Rudge]]|1982}}}} | children = 5, including [[Nicholas Kazan|Nicholas]] | relatives = {{ubl|[[Zoe Kazan]] (granddaughter)|[[Maya Kazan]] (granddaughter)}} }} '''Elias Kazantzoglou''' ({{IPA|el|iˈli.as kazanˈdzoɣlu|IPA}}; [[7 September]] [[1909]] – [[28 September]] [[2003]]), jiske '''Elia Kazan''' ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa, ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|iː|l|i|ə|_|k|ə|ˈ|z|æ|n}} {{respell|EE|lee|ə|_|kə|ZAN}}),<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kazan Dictionary.com – Kazan]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/elia-kazan |title=Oxford Learners' Dictionary – Elia Kazan |access-date=2024-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221062147/https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/elia-kazan |archive-date=2025-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ek<!-- DO NOT ADD "GREEK" HERE. See MOS:ETHNICITY. He was born in Istanbul and moved to the United States as a child. The lede covers his family background.--> Greek-American film aur theatre director, producer, screenwriter aur actor rahaa, jiske ''[[The New York Times]]'' describe karis rahaa, as "one of the most honored and influential directors in [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] and [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] history". ==References== {{reflist}} {{BD|1909|2003|Kazan, Elia}} [[Vibhag:K]] [[Vibhag:United States ke director]] [[Vibhag:United States ke producer]] [[Vibhag:United States ke lekhak]] [[Vibhag:United States ke actor]] nmwhq7dc1rmwvnc5wktdn4h7juco0r1 3 69864 339750 2026-11-11T17:05:50Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page 339750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|name=Ayaan Idris Khan}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 17:05, 11 Navambar 2026 (UTC) 9qw2dvqjw1tfxkgdk2vx2ygyvsy23u6 14 69865 339765 2026-11-12T09:54:31Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "[[Vibhag:United States ke log]] [[Vibhag:Comedians]]" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 339765 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Vibhag:United States ke log]] [[Vibhag:Comedians]] dgls0ftcblx2qdjn590tu49zjdbmrz3 14 69866 339766 2026-11-12T09:55:00Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "[[Vibhag:Dunia ke log]]" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 339766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Vibhag:Dunia ke log]] 2mymx6gbeqcu53s4e1qmeqlae2l74oj 0 69867 339769 2026-11-12T10:27:01Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox Person | name = Robert Altman | image = Robert Altman - 1983.jpg | caption = Altman, 1983 me | birth_name = Robert Bernard Altman | birth_date = {{Birth date|1925|2|20|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Kansas City, Missouri]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|2006|11|20|1925|2|20}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * Film director * screenwriter * fi..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 339769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | name = Robert Altman | image = Robert Altman - 1983.jpg | caption = Altman, 1983 me | birth_name = Robert Bernard Altman | birth_date = {{Birth date|1925|2|20|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Kansas City, Missouri]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|2006|11|20|1925|2|20}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * Film director * screenwriter * film producer }} | works = [[Robert Altman filmography|Full list]] | years_active = 1947–2006 | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|LaVonne Elmer|1946|1951}} * {{marriage|Lotus Corelli|1954|1957}} * {{marriage|[[Kathryn Reed Altman|Kathryn Reed]]|1959}}}} | children = 6, including [[Stephen Altman|Stephen]] and [[Robert Reed Altman|Robert Reed]] | module = {{Infobox military person | embed = yes | allegiance = {{flag|United States|1912}} | branch = [[File:US Army Air Corps Hap Arnold Wings.svg|25px]] [[United States Army Air Forces]] | service_years = 1943–1947 | rank = [[File:US-O2 insignia.svg|7px]] [[First lieutenant]] | units = [[Thirteenth Air Force]]<br />[[307th Operations Group|307th Bombardment Group]] | battles = {{tree list}} * [[World War II]] ** [[Asiatic-Pacific Theater]] {{tree list/end}} | awards = [[File:USAAF Wings.png|35px]] [[United States Aviator Badge#World War II|Army Air Force Pilot Badge]]<br />[[File:AF Presidential Unit Citation Ribbon.png|25px]] [[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Air Force Presidential Unit Citation]]<br />[[File:American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|25px]] [[American Campaign Medal]]<br />[[File:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|25px]] [[Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal]]<br />[[File:World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|25px]] [[World War II Victory Medal (United States)|World War II Victory Medal]]<br />[[File:Presidential Unit Citation (Philippines).svg|25px]] [[Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation|Philippine Presidential Unit Citation]] }} }} '''Robert Bernard Altman''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɔː|l|t|m|ə|n}} {{respell|AWLT|mən}};<ref>{{Cite Dictionary.com|Altman|access-date=March 2, 2026}}</ref> [[20 February]] [[1925]] – [[20 November]] [[2006]]) ek [[America]]n filmmaker rahaa. Uske [[New Hollywood]] era ke ek enduring jan maana jaawe hae. Uske directing [[subversive]] aur[[satire|satirical films]] with overlapping dialogue and [[ensemble cast]]s ke khaatir bhi jaana jaawe hae. Aapan [[Robert Altman filmography|career bhar me]] uske [[List of awards and nominations received by Robert Altman|dher sammaan]] mila rahaa, jisme ek [[Academy Honorary Award]], dui [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTAs]], tiin [[Independent Spirit Awards]], ek [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]], ek [[David di Donatello Award]], aur ek [[Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe]] hae, aur iske alaawa nominations saat competitive [[Academy Awards]] ke khaatir. ==References== {{reflist}} {{BD|1925|2006|Altman, Robert}} [[Vibhag:A]] [[Vibhag:United States ke director]] [[Vibhag:United States ke lekhak]] [[Vibhag:United States ke producer]] afqytg1aoup1teqkzgj0smsq7qbuksc 14 69868 339772 2026-11-12T10:38:19Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "[[Vibhag:1986]] [[Vibhag:Films]]" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 339772 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Vibhag:1986]] [[Vibhag:Films]] jks0rt5yraf34kcznp66s31327jq050 0 69869 339776 2026-11-12T11:21:58Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox Person | honorific_suffix = | image = James Cameron at 53rd Saturn Awards 2026-01 (cropped).jpg | caption = Cameron, 2026 me | birth_name = James Francis Cameron | birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1954|08|16}} | birth_place = [[Kapuskasing]], Ontario, Canada | citizenship = {{ubl|Canada ([[Jus soli|by birth]])|New Zealand (New Zealand nationality law#Voluntary acquisition|a..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 339776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | honorific_suffix = | image = James Cameron at 53rd Saturn Awards 2026-01 (cropped).jpg | caption = Cameron, 2026 me | birth_name = James Francis Cameron | birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1954|08|16}} | birth_place = [[Kapuskasing]], Ontario, Canada | citizenship = {{ubl|Canada ([[Jus soli|by birth]])|New Zealand ([[New Zealand nationality law#Voluntary acquisition|acquired]], since 2025)}} | education = | occupation = {{hlist|Film director|producer|screenwriter|editor|entrepreneur|philanthropist|explorer}} | years_active = 1978–present | organization = {{hlist|[[Lightstorm Entertainment]]|[[Digital Domain]]|Earthship Productions}} | works = {{hlist|[[James Cameron filmography|Filmography]]|[[James Cameron's unrealized projects|unrealized projects]]}} | spouses = {{flatlist| * {{marriage|Sharon Williams |1978|1984|end=div}} * {{marriage|[[Gale Anne Hurd]]|1985|1989|end=div}} * {{marriage|[[Kathryn Bigelow]]|1989|1991|end=div}} * {{marriage|[[Linda Hamilton]]|1997|1999|end=div}} * {{marriage|[[Suzy Amis Cameron|Suzy Amis]]|2000}} }} | children = 5 | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by James Cameron|Full list]] | signature = James Cameron Signature.svg }} '''James Francis Cameron''' (janam: [[16 August]] [[1954]]) ek [[Canada|Canadian]] aur [[New Zealand]]er<!--See talk page before updating citizenship. The current consensus is that his New Zealand citizenship is too new to be relevant to his notability.--> filmmaker aur explorer hae.<!--Keep most notable occupations in lead per MOS:ROLEBIO--> [[James Cameron filmography|Uske films]] cutting-edge [[History of film technology|film technology]] ke [[Classical Hollywood cinema|classical filmmaking]] techniques se jorre hae aur $10&nbsp;billion se jaada paisa [[dunia]] bhar me banais hae, jiske kaaran uu [[List of highest-grossing film directors|second highest-grossing film director]] sab time ke hae. Uu post-[[New Hollywood]] era ke ek khaas jan rahaa, aur uske [[List of awards and nominations received by James Cameron|dher sammaan]] mila rahaa, jisme hae tiin [[Academy Awards]], dui [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], aur chaar [[Golden Globe Awards]], aur iske alaawa nominations chhe [[British Academy Film Awards]] ke khaatir. ==References== {{reflist}} {{BD|1954||Cameron, James}} [[Vibhag:C]] [[Vibhag:Canada ke director]] [[Vibhag:Canada ke producer]] [[Vibhag:Canada ke lekhak]] [[Vibhag:New Zealand ke director]] [[Vibhag:New Zealand ke producer]] [[Vibhag:New Zealand ke lekhak]] n8si3heftt6izw7tmvdt25akoy6pw74 0 69870 339777 2026-11-12T11:34:29Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox Person | name = Frank Capra | image = Frank Capra.jpg | caption = Capra, {{circa|1930s}} | birth_name = Francesco Rosario Capra | birth_date = {{birth date|1897|05|18}} | birth_place = [[Bisacquino]], [[Sicily]], [[Kingdom of Italy]] | citizenship = {{Ubl|Italy (until 1920)|United States (from 1920)}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1991|09|03|1897|05|18}} | death_place = [[La Quinta, California]], U.S. | b..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 339777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | name = Frank Capra | image = Frank Capra.jpg | caption = Capra, {{circa|1930s}} | birth_name = Francesco Rosario Capra | birth_date = {{birth date|1897|05|18}} | birth_place = [[Bisacquino]], [[Sicily]], [[Kingdom of Italy]] | citizenship = {{Ubl|Italy (until 1920)|United States (from 1920)}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1991|09|03|1897|05|18}} | death_place = [[La Quinta, California]], U.S. | burial_place = [[Coachella Valley Public Cemetery]] | other_names = Frank Russell Capra | education = [[California Institute of Technology]] | occupation = {{hlist|Film director|producer|screenwriter}} | years_active = 1922–1964 | title = President of the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] 1935–1939 | political_party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]<ref name="Wilson 2013, p. 266">Wilson 2013, p. 266.</ref> | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|Helen Howell|1923|1928|end=div}} * {{marriage|Lucille Warner|1932|1984|end=died}} }} | children = 4, including [[Frank Capra Jr.|Frank Jr.]] | module = {{Infobox military person | embed = yes | allegiance = United States | branch = [[United States Army]] | service_years = 1918<br />1941–1945<ref name="weserved">[https://army.togetherweserved.com/army/servlet/tws.webapp.WebApp?cmd=ShadowBoxProfile&type=Person&ID=342630 Capra, Frank, COL - U.S. Army] army.togetherweserved.com. Retrieved June 21, 2021.</ref> | rank = [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] | units = [[Signal Corps (United States Army)|Army Signal Corps]]<ref name="dga"/><ref name="issuu">[https://issuu.com/fghms/docs/fghms_fact_sheet_-_capra Frank Capra - Colonel, U.S. Army Signal Corps, WWII] [[Fort Gordon]] Historical Museum Society via [[Issuu]]. Retrieved June 21, 2021.</ref> | battles = [[World War I]]<br />[[World War II]] | awards = }} }} '''Frank Russell Capra''' (janam: '''Francesco Rosario Capra'''; [[18 May]] [[1897]]&nbsp;– [[3 September]] [[1991]]) ek Italian me paidais [[America]]n film director, producer, aur screenwriter jon creative force rahaa dher khaas award-winning films [[1930s]] aur [[1940s]] ke khaatir. Uske janam [[Italy]] me bhais rahaa aur uu [[Los Angeles]] me barraa bhais rahaa, paanch saal ke umar se , uske [[Rags to riches|rags-to-riches]] kahaani ke kaaran film historians, jaise [[Ian Freer]] uske "[[American Dream]] personified" maane hae.<ref name="Freer">Freer 2009, pp. 40–41.</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{BD|1897|1991|Capra, Frank}} [[Vibhag:C]] [[Vibhag:United States ke director]] [[Vibhag:United States ke producer]] [[Vibhag:United States ke lekhak]] c6ep486nz3k5lw7gee3skrplkwa1rdk 0 69871 339778 2026-11-12T11:48:37Z Sampaadak 1104 Panna jisme "{{Infobox Person | name = Francis Ford Coppola | image = Lena Herzog Francis Ford Coppola Wernder Herzog Venice Film Festival (cropped).jpg | caption = Coppola, 2025 me | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1939|04|07}} | birth_place = [[Detroit]], Michigan<!--Do NOT wikilink, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]].-->, U.S.<!--Do NOT wikilink U.S. as per [[MOS:OVERLINK]]. As per [[Template:Infobox person]], birthplac..." hae ke banae dewa gais hae. 339778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | name = Francis Ford Coppola | image = Lena Herzog Francis Ford Coppola Wernder Herzog Venice Film Festival (cropped).jpg | caption = Coppola, 2025 me | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1939|04|07}} | birth_place = [[Detroit]], Michigan<!--Do NOT wikilink, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]].-->, U.S.<!--Do NOT wikilink U.S. as per [[MOS:OVERLINK]]. As per [[Template:Infobox person]], birthplace indicates city, state, then country. No need to spell out "United States; 'U.S.' is fine.--> | education = {{plainlist| * [[Hofstra University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) * [[University of California, Los Angeles]] ([[Master of Fine Arts|MFA]]) }} | occupation = {{hlist|Director|producer|screenwriter}} | organization = [[American Zoetrope]] | years_active = 1962–present | works = {{hlist|[[Francis Ford Coppola filmography|Filmography]]|[[Francis Ford Coppola's unrealized projects|unrealized projects]]}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Eleanor Coppola|Eleanor Neil]]|1963|2024|end=died}} | children = {{flatlist| * [[Gian-Carlo Coppola|Gian-Carlo]] * [[Roman Coppola|Roman]] * [[Sofia Coppola|Sofia]] }} | father = [[Carmine Coppola]] | mother = [[Italia Coppola|Italia Pennino]] | family = [[Coppola family|Coppola]] | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Francis Ford Coppola|Full list]] | signature = Francis Ford Coppola Signature.svg }} '''Francis Ford Coppola''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|oʊ|p|əl|ə}} {{respell|KOH|pə|lə}};<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4l2STOyqDI&t=15s|title=The Godfather, Coda: The Death of Michael Corleone {{!}} Francis Ford Coppola Featurette|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=November 17, 2020|access-date=April 6, 2022|archive-date=April 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406013526/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4l2STOyqDI&t=15s|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHKUpEp_dNI|title=A Special Message from Director Francis Ford Coppola|publisher=StudioCanal UK|date=September 9, 2021|access-date=April 6, 2022|archive-date=April 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406013527/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHKUpEp_dNI|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojqWclLQOxk&t=58s|title=This Is YouTube|publisher=YouTube|date=March 4, 2010|access-date=April 6, 2022|archive-date=April 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406013812/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojqWclLQOxk&t=58s|url-status=live}}</ref> janam: [[7 April]] [[1939]])<ref>{{Britannica|136867}}</ref> ek [[America]]n filmmaker hae. Uu [[New Hollywood]] ke ek khaas jan rahaa. Coppola ke jaada kar ke ek greatest aur sab se jaada influential filmmakers [[History of film|history of cinema]] me maana jaawe hae. Uske [[List of awards and nominations received by Francis Ford Coppola|dher sammaan]] mila hae, jisme paanch [[Academy Awards]], ek [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Award]], tiin [[Golden Globe Awards]], aur dui [[Palme d'Or|Palmes d'Or]], aur iske alaawa nominations dui [[Emmy Awards]] aur ek [[Grammy Award]]. Coppola ke honour karaa gais hae [[Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award]] se 2010 me, t [[Kennedy Center Honors]] 2024 me, aur [[AFI Life Achievement Award]] 2025 me.<ref name=KennedyCenter>{{cite web| title=Francis Ford Coppola| work=[[The Kennedy Center]]| url=https://www.kennedy-center.org/artists/c/co-cz/francis-ford-coppola/}}</ref> Uske chaar films [[National Film Registry]] induct karaa gais hae, by the [[Library of Congress]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{BD|1939||Coppola, Francis Ford}} [[Vibhag:C]] [[Vibhag:United States ke producer]] [[Vibhag:United States ke director]] [[Vibhag:United States ke lekhak]] r3piw8gawwf20459i6eaevdzo38bfs7