Wikipedya htwiki https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj_Prensipal MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.22 first-letter Medya Espesyal Diskite Itilizatè Diskisyon Itilizatè Wikipedya Diskisyon Wikipedya Fichye Diskisyon Fichye MedyaWiki Diskisyon MedyaWiki Modèl Diskisyon Modèl Èd Diskisyon Èd Kategori Diskisyon Kategori TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Gadget Discussion gadget Définition de gadget Discussion définition de gadget 0 64785 804630 721232 2022-07-28T19:04:01Z 2806:105E:14:96D8:9CE3:A15F:9AC2:DC35 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non= Tony Bravo |foto= Tony Bravo in 1980.jpg |tèks= |fonksyon= aktè |dat nesans= [[6 me]] [[1945]] |lye nesans= [[Meksiko]] |peyi nesans= [[Meksik]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= meksiken |zèv= |nòt= }} '''Tony Bravo''', ki fèt [[6 me]] [[1945]], se yon aktè meksiken. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == === Sinema === * 2003 : ''Bronco, la película''<ref>[http://www.cine.com/actores.php?actor=36808 Cine (Películas de Tony Bravo)]</ref> * 2003 : ''La Tregua''<ref>[http://www.proceso.com.mx/256107/8220la-tregua-8221-de-alfonso-rosas-pliego-se-estrena-en-octubre Proceso (“La tregua”, de Alfonso Rosas Pliego, se estrena en octubre)]</ref> * 1994 : ''La desalmada'' * 1993 : ''Dónde quedó la bolita'' * 1993 : ''La leyenda del Santo'' * 1992 : ''Cazador de cabezas'' * 1992 : ''Cobra silenciosa'' * 1991 : ''Instinto asesino'' * 1991 : ''Frontera roja'' * 1991 : ''Invitación a morir'' * 1991 : ''Operación narcóticos'' * 1990 : ''Muerte bajo la piel'' * 1990 : ''Furia asesina'' * 1990 : ''Halcones de la frontera'' * 1990 : ''Ladrones de tumbas'' * 1990 : ''La mujer del tahúr'' * 1989 : ''Cazador de recompensas'' * 1989 : ''Samurai Warriors'' * 1987 : ''El vengador solitario'' * 1987 : ''Muerte de el federal de camiones'' * 1986 : ''El cachas de oro'' * 1986 : ''Murieron a la mitad del río'' * 1983 : ''Niño pobre, niño rico'' * 1981 : ''Las piernas del millón'' * 1980 : ''Vivir para amar'' === Telenovela === * 1978 : ''[[Pasiones encendidas]]'' : Carlos * 1979 : ''[[Muchacha de barrio]]'' : Norberto * 1982 : ''[[El amor nunca muere (telenovela)|El amor nunca muere]]'' : José Beltrán * 1984 : ''[[Tú eres mi destino]]'' : Javier * 1985 : ''[[Tú o nadie]]'' : Luis * 1986 : ''[[Murieron a la mitad del rio]]'' : Lupe Flores * 1986 : ''[[El cachas de oro]]'' : Mauricio * 1987 : ''[[El precio de la fama]]'' : Antonio * 1988 : ''[[Encadenados (telenovela)|Encadenados]]'' : Carlos Montes * 1989 : ''[[Lo blanco y lo negro]]'' : Luis Soto * 1993 : ''[[Sueño de amor (telenovela)|Sueño de amor]]'' : Carlo Lombardo * 1996 : ''[[Cañaveral de pasiones]]'' : Rafael Elizondo * 1996 : ''[[Mujer, casos de la vida real]]'' * 1998 : ''[[La mentira (telenovela, 1998)|La mentira]]'' : André Belot * 1999 : ''[[Infierno en el paraíso]]'' : Javier * 2001 : ''[[El derecho de nacer (telenovela, 2001)|El derecho de nacer]]'' : Doktè Alejandro Sierra * 2004-2005 : ''[[Apuesta por un amor]]'' : Camilo Beltrán * 2005 : ''[[Peregrina (telenovela, 2005)|Peregrina]]'' : Alonso Manrique * 2010 : ''[[Soy tu dueña]]'' : Evelio Zamarripa / Úrsulo Barragán * 2013 : ''[[Corazón indomable]]'' : Direktè * 2014-2015 : ''[[Hasta el fin del mundo]]'' : Javier Cruz === Seri televizyon === * 2008 : ''[[Central de abasto (seri)|Central de abasto]]'' : Toño * 2006 : ''[[¡Qué madre, tan padre!]]'' * 1998 : ''[[¿Qué nos pasa?]]'' * 1997 : ''[[Mujer, casos de la vida real]]'' == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bravo, Tony}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè meksiken]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1945]] lm7519fzkeubo7pw095wwzkcsem0ekl 804631 804630 2022-07-28T19:07:34Z 2806:105E:14:96D8:9CE3:A15F:9AC2:DC35 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non= Tony Bravo |foto= Tony Bravo in 1980.jpg |tèks= Tony Bravo |fonksyon= aktè |dat nesans= [[6 me]] [[1945]] |lye nesans= [[Meksiko]] |peyi nesans= [[Meksik]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= meksiken |zèv= |nòt= }} '''Tony Bravo''', ki fèt [[6 me]] [[1945]], se yon aktè meksiken. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == === Sinema === * 2003 : ''Bronco, la película''<ref>[http://www.cine.com/actores.php?actor=36808 Cine (Películas de Tony Bravo)]</ref> * 2003 : ''La Tregua''<ref>[http://www.proceso.com.mx/256107/8220la-tregua-8221-de-alfonso-rosas-pliego-se-estrena-en-octubre Proceso (“La tregua”, de Alfonso Rosas Pliego, se estrena en octubre)]</ref> * 1994 : ''La desalmada'' * 1993 : ''Dónde quedó la bolita'' * 1993 : ''La leyenda del Santo'' * 1992 : ''Cazador de cabezas'' * 1992 : ''Cobra silenciosa'' * 1991 : ''Instinto asesino'' * 1991 : ''Frontera roja'' * 1991 : ''Invitación a morir'' * 1991 : ''Operación narcóticos'' * 1990 : ''Muerte bajo la piel'' * 1990 : ''Furia asesina'' * 1990 : ''Halcones de la frontera'' * 1990 : ''Ladrones de tumbas'' * 1990 : ''La mujer del tahúr'' * 1989 : ''Cazador de recompensas'' * 1989 : ''Samurai Warriors'' * 1987 : ''El vengador solitario'' * 1987 : ''Muerte de el federal de camiones'' * 1986 : ''El cachas de oro'' * 1986 : ''Murieron a la mitad del río'' * 1983 : ''Niño pobre, niño rico'' * 1981 : ''Las piernas del millón'' * 1980 : ''Vivir para amar'' === Telenovela === * 1978 : ''[[Pasiones encendidas]]'' : Carlos * 1979 : ''[[Muchacha de barrio]]'' : Norberto * 1982 : ''[[El amor nunca muere (telenovela)|El amor nunca muere]]'' : José Beltrán * 1984 : ''[[Tú eres mi destino]]'' : Javier * 1985 : ''[[Tú o nadie]]'' : Luis * 1986 : ''[[Murieron a la mitad del rio]]'' : Lupe Flores * 1986 : ''[[El cachas de oro]]'' : Mauricio * 1987 : ''[[El precio de la fama]]'' : Antonio * 1988 : ''[[Encadenados (telenovela)|Encadenados]]'' : Carlos Montes * 1989 : ''[[Lo blanco y lo negro]]'' : Luis Soto * 1993 : ''[[Sueño de amor (telenovela)|Sueño de amor]]'' : Carlo Lombardo * 1996 : ''[[Cañaveral de pasiones]]'' : Rafael Elizondo * 1996 : ''[[Mujer, casos de la vida real]]'' * 1998 : ''[[La mentira (telenovela, 1998)|La mentira]]'' : André Belot * 1999 : ''[[Infierno en el paraíso]]'' : Javier * 2001 : ''[[El derecho de nacer (telenovela, 2001)|El derecho de nacer]]'' : Doktè Alejandro Sierra * 2004-2005 : ''[[Apuesta por un amor]]'' : Camilo Beltrán * 2005 : ''[[Peregrina (telenovela, 2005)|Peregrina]]'' : Alonso Manrique * 2010 : ''[[Soy tu dueña]]'' : Evelio Zamarripa / Úrsulo Barragán * 2013 : ''[[Corazón indomable]]'' : Direktè * 2014-2015 : ''[[Hasta el fin del mundo]]'' : Javier Cruz === Seri televizyon === * 2008 : ''[[Central de abasto (seri)|Central de abasto]]'' : Toño * 2006 : ''[[¡Qué madre, tan padre!]]'' * 1998 : ''[[¿Qué nos pasa?]]'' * 1997 : ''[[Mujer, casos de la vida real]]'' == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bravo, Tony}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè meksiken]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1945]] 4aj0k02hji84xks78nsy6dslweos5zh 804632 804631 2022-07-28T19:08:01Z 2806:105E:14:96D8:9CE3:A15F:9AC2:DC35 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non= Tony Bravo |foto= Tony Bravo in 1980.jpg |tèks= Tony Bravo (1980) |fonksyon= aktè |dat nesans= [[6 me]] [[1945]] |lye nesans= [[Meksiko]] |peyi nesans= [[Meksik]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= meksiken |zèv= |nòt= }} '''Tony Bravo''', ki fèt [[6 me]] [[1945]], se yon aktè meksiken. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == === Sinema === * 2003 : ''Bronco, la película''<ref>[http://www.cine.com/actores.php?actor=36808 Cine (Películas de Tony Bravo)]</ref> * 2003 : ''La Tregua''<ref>[http://www.proceso.com.mx/256107/8220la-tregua-8221-de-alfonso-rosas-pliego-se-estrena-en-octubre Proceso (“La tregua”, de Alfonso Rosas Pliego, se estrena en octubre)]</ref> * 1994 : ''La desalmada'' * 1993 : ''Dónde quedó la bolita'' * 1993 : ''La leyenda del Santo'' * 1992 : ''Cazador de cabezas'' * 1992 : ''Cobra silenciosa'' * 1991 : ''Instinto asesino'' * 1991 : ''Frontera roja'' * 1991 : ''Invitación a morir'' * 1991 : ''Operación narcóticos'' * 1990 : ''Muerte bajo la piel'' * 1990 : ''Furia asesina'' * 1990 : ''Halcones de la frontera'' * 1990 : ''Ladrones de tumbas'' * 1990 : ''La mujer del tahúr'' * 1989 : ''Cazador de recompensas'' * 1989 : ''Samurai Warriors'' * 1987 : ''El vengador solitario'' * 1987 : ''Muerte de el federal de camiones'' * 1986 : ''El cachas de oro'' * 1986 : ''Murieron a la mitad del río'' * 1983 : ''Niño pobre, niño rico'' * 1981 : ''Las piernas del millón'' * 1980 : ''Vivir para amar'' === Telenovela === * 1978 : ''[[Pasiones encendidas]]'' : Carlos * 1979 : ''[[Muchacha de barrio]]'' : Norberto * 1982 : ''[[El amor nunca muere (telenovela)|El amor nunca muere]]'' : José Beltrán * 1984 : ''[[Tú eres mi destino]]'' : Javier * 1985 : ''[[Tú o nadie]]'' : Luis * 1986 : ''[[Murieron a la mitad del rio]]'' : Lupe Flores * 1986 : ''[[El cachas de oro]]'' : Mauricio * 1987 : ''[[El precio de la fama]]'' : Antonio * 1988 : ''[[Encadenados (telenovela)|Encadenados]]'' : Carlos Montes * 1989 : ''[[Lo blanco y lo negro]]'' : Luis Soto * 1993 : ''[[Sueño de amor (telenovela)|Sueño de amor]]'' : Carlo Lombardo * 1996 : ''[[Cañaveral de pasiones]]'' : Rafael Elizondo * 1996 : ''[[Mujer, casos de la vida real]]'' * 1998 : ''[[La mentira (telenovela, 1998)|La mentira]]'' : André Belot * 1999 : ''[[Infierno en el paraíso]]'' : Javier * 2001 : ''[[El derecho de nacer (telenovela, 2001)|El derecho de nacer]]'' : Doktè Alejandro Sierra * 2004-2005 : ''[[Apuesta por un amor]]'' : Camilo Beltrán * 2005 : ''[[Peregrina (telenovela, 2005)|Peregrina]]'' : Alonso Manrique * 2010 : ''[[Soy tu dueña]]'' : Evelio Zamarripa / Úrsulo Barragán * 2013 : ''[[Corazón indomable]]'' : Direktè * 2014-2015 : ''[[Hasta el fin del mundo]]'' : Javier Cruz === Seri televizyon === * 2008 : ''[[Central de abasto (seri)|Central de abasto]]'' : Toño * 2006 : ''[[¡Qué madre, tan padre!]]'' * 1998 : ''[[¿Qué nos pasa?]]'' * 1997 : ''[[Mujer, casos de la vida real]]'' == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bravo, Tony}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè meksiken]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1945]] 9udzucbhwqoofptp2cdk1d5yqqelrpr 0 67845 804635 804601 2022-07-29T11:09:14Z Massénat Emmanuel 28367 wikitext text/x-wiki Atik sa a prezante nou yon '''lis jounal an [[Ayiti]]'''. == Chak jou == * ''[[Le Matin (Ayiti)|Le Matin]]'' * ''[[Le Moniteur haïtien]]'' * ''[[Le National (Ayiti)|Le National]]'' * ''[[Le Nouvelliste (Ayiti)|Le Nouvelliste]]'' == Chak semèn == * ''[[Haïti Liberté]]'' * ''[[Haïti Observateur]]'' * ''[[Haïti Progrès]]'' * ''[[Haiti en Marche]]'' * ''[[Lakay Weekly]]''<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web |url=https://lenouvelliste.com/article/116260/magic-haiti-et-lakay-weekly-les-nouveaux-bebes |title=Magic Haïti et Lakay weekly, les nouveaux bébés |website=lenouvelliste.com |date=30 avril 2013 |access-date=20 septanm 2018}}</ref> * ''[[Ticket (magazin)]]'' == Laprès elektwonik == * [https://balistrad.com/ Balistrad] * [http://www.haitilibre.com/ Haitilibre] * [http://www.loophaiti.com/ Loop Haiti] * [https://netalkolemedia.com NetAlKole Media] * [https://www.rezonodwes.com Rezo Nòdwès] * [[TOP MAG WORLD]] [https://topmagworld.com] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.newspaperindex.com/fr/journaux/Ha%C3%AFti Lis jounal ayisyen] sou newspaperindex.com * [https://www.sandekennedy.com/list-of-haiti-newspapers-news-sites-and-magazines/ Lis jounal ayisyen] sou sandekennedy.com [[Kategori:Lis]] [[Kategori:Jounal]] [[Kategori:Jounal ayisyen‎]] bwfmbhwxnf2w7i3bc0a0rhkr63daryj 0 75095 804627 769404 2022-07-28T14:14:50Z AngelDust1941 27741 Ajoute imaj: File:ABC-2021-LOGO.svg wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ABC-2021-LOGO.svg|thumb|logo 2021]] '''American Broadcasting Company''' ('''ABC''') se yon estasyon televizyon [[Etazini|Ameriken]] ki posede [[Walt Disney Television]], yon divizyon [[The Walt Disney Company]]. Li te fonde sou 15 me [[1943]] pa Edward J. Noble ak Louis Blanche. Estasyon an biwo santral li nan [[New York]]. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Estasyon televizyon]] [[Kategori:Etazini]] kcf50d5dqfnzo89vzo3t49pwjbl9tsc 0 79279 804628 787414 2022-07-28T14:19:23Z Akriparo2002 27771 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fabienne Galula''' se yon [[aktè|aktris]] [[Frans|fransèz]]. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == === Televizyon === *[[2007]] : ''La Femme et le Pantin'' (fim) : Sophie *[[2008]] : ''[[PJ (seri)|P.J.]]'' (seri), epizòd ''Virage'' ak ''Enfants errants'' : Claire Cayatte *[[2008]] : ''[[Braquage en famille]]'' (fim) : jounalis 4 *[[2009]] : ''[[Joséphine, ange gardien]]'' (seri), epizòd ''Le Frère que je n'ai pas eu'' : pasyant *[[2010]] : ''[[Boulevard du Palais (seri)|Boulevard du Palais]]'' (seri), epizòd '' Au cœur du piège'' : Madanm Givray *[[2011]] : ''[[Julie Lescaut]]'' (seri), epizòd ''Les Risques du métier'' : Maria *[[2011]] : ''[[Le jour où tout a basculé]]'' (seri), epizòd ''On a volé mes enfants (Voleur d'enfants)'' : Pauline *[[2013]] : ''[[Y'a pas d'âge]]'' (seri), epizòd ''Pour organiser une soirée pyjama'' ak ''Pour accueillir un tournage'' : Marie-Claudine *[[2014]] : ''[[Le juge est une femme]]'' (seri), epizòd ''Les Dessous du palais'' : Béatrice Chapuis *[[2014]] : ''[[Enfin te voilà !]]'' (seri), epizòd 19 *[[2016]] : ''[[L'Entreprise (fim)|L'Entreprise]]'' (fim tv) : prezidan nan konsèy *[[2017]] : ''[[Section de recherches (seri)|Section de recherches]]'' (seri), epizòd '' Prêt à tout'' : Lisa Lecoeur *[[2018]] : ''[[Sagesse2rue]]'' (''Tales4Today'') (seri), epizòd ''La Dette'' ak ''Une main tendue'' : fanm charitab *[[2018]] : ''[[Dix pour cent]]'' (seri), epizòd ''Virginie et Ramzy'' : jounalis la *[[2021]] : ''[[100 % bio]]'' de [[Fabien Onteniente]] : Sandrine Leroy == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1579826/ Fabienne Galula] sou IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Galula, Fabienne}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1972]] 5jgbz0r2t1oczfnz4tw4mulwzdji5mw 0 79635 804633 801860 2022-07-29T08:37:28Z Caro de Segeda 23815 /* Normalisation lang */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lingua| | lang = Interlingue | pale nan = Mondyal | moun kap pale = | lang ofisyèl = Okenn kote | gouvène pa = [[Interlingue-Union]] | iso1 = ie | iso2 = ile | iso3 = ile | kat jeyografik = }} '''Interlingue''' (an kreyòl ayisyen ː entèlang) ([interˈliŋɡwe]), ansyen '''Occidental''' ([oktsidenˈtaːl]), se yon lang oksilyè entènasyonal ki te pibliye nan lane 1922. Kreyatè li, Edgar de Wahl, envante li pou reyalize yon maksimòm tou de regilarite gramatikal ak karaktè natirèl. Vokabilè a baze sou mo ki pre-egziste ak ki soti nan divès lang ak yon sistèm derivasyon lè li sèvi avèk rekonèt prefiks ak sifiks. == Istwa ak aktivite == === Kòmansman === Edgar de Wahl te anonse kreyasyon Occidental an 1922 ak premye nimewo magazin ''Cosmoglotta'', ki te pibliye nan [[Talin]], [[Estoni]], sou non ''Kosmoglott''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1922, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=1&size=45|access-date=2021-07-24|archive-date=2021-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626092436/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=1&size=45}}</ref> Occidental se te yon pwodwi nan ane nan eksperyans pèsonèl sou non Auli (langaj oksilyè), ke li te itilize soti nan 1906 a 1921 epi ki pita vin genyen tinon prwoto-Occidental la.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&size=45&page=8|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 8|website=anno.onb.ac.at|access-date=2018-12-18|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022348/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&size=45&page=8}}</ref> De Wahl, okòmansman yon moun k ap pwononse Volapük e apre sa, li te kòmanse kreye Occidental apre vòt echwe pou refòm Esperanto an 1894.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 18|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=19&size=45|access-date=2020-12-20|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203629/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=19&size=45}}</ref> De Wahl te koresponn ak lòt kreyatè lang, pami yo matematisyen Italyen Giuseppe Peano (kreyatè Latino sine flexione), nan men li te vin gen yon apresyasyon pou seleksyon vokabilè entènasyonal li yo, ak Waldemar Rosenberger, kreyatè Idiom Neutral.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 18|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=18&size=45|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415023325/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=18&size=45|archive-date=2021-04-15|access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref> [[Fichye:Occidental-Union, Wien 1928.jpg|thumb|right|Patisipan nan yon rasanbleman Occidental nan Vyèn, 1928: Engelbert Pigal, Karl Janotta, A. Deminger, Hanns Hörbiger, Eugen Moess, Franz Houdek, Johann Robert Hörbiger.]] [[Fichye:Occidentalists in Vienna, 1927.jpg|thumb|right|Reyinyon itilizatè lang Occidental (Interlingue) nan Vyèn an 1927.]] Sou anons li an 1922, Occidental te prèske fini.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=40&size=45|title=Kosmoglott, 1925, p.40|quote=Translation: "I found the most precise sense of "-atu" for example no earlier than 1924 ... maybe with time I will also find the precise sense of "-il, -esc, -itudo", etc."|access-date=2019-02-19|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015947/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=40&size=45}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&page=15&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1947, p. 15|website=anno.onb.ac.at|access-date=2018-12-28|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021222/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&page=15&size=45}}</ref> De Wahl pa t 'gen entansyon anonse lang lan pou kèk ane, men deside akselere liberasyon li apre li te tande ke Lig Nasyon an (LON) te kòmanse yon ankèt sou kesyon an nan yon lang entènasyonal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=27|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 27|access-date=2019-01-06|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021220/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=27}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=4&size=45|title=Kosmoglott 001, 1922, p. 4|access-date=2020-08-02|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022050/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=4&size=45}}</ref> Premye piblikasyon li te ye nan Occidental, yon ti liv ki rele ''Transcendent Algebra'' pa Jacob Linzbach, te parèt yon ti tan anvan ''Kosmoglott'' debut.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://keyboardfire.com/s/transalg/|title= Transcendental Algebra|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190822222146/http://keyboardfire.com/s/transalg/|access-date= 2019-11-30|archive-date= 2019-08-22}}</ref> Occidental te kòmanse rasanble disip akòz lizibilite li, malgre yon mank total de gramè ak diksyonè.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&size=45&page=7|title=Kosmoglott, 1925, p.7|website=anno.onb.ac.at|access-date=2018-12-28|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204017/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=7&size=45|}}</ref> Dezan pita nan 1924, de Wahl te ekri ke li te koresponn ak anviwon 30 moun "nan bon Occidental" malgre mank de materyèl aprantisaj,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1924, p. 14|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1924&size=45&teil=0101&page=14|quote=Translation: "He asserts that Occidental, despite being easily readable, is very difficult to write and that one could hardly find 10 people in the world able to write it without errors. Well, with me alone there is already three times that number corresponding in good Occidental."|access-date=2019-02-07|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022346/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1924&size=45&teil=0101&page=14}}</ref> ak itilizatè lòt lang yo te kòmanse rantre nan Occidental.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jki.amu.edu.pl/files/JKI%20-%2014%20-%2009%20-%20Kuznecov[1].pdf|title="Kosmoglot" – la unua interlingvistika societo en Ruslando|access-date=2020-08-11|archive-date=2020-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922171623/http://jki.amu.edu.pl/files/JKI%20-%2014%20-%2009%20-%20Kuznecov%5B1%5D.pdf}}</ref> Premye diksyonè a, Radicarium Directiv, yon koleksyon mo rasin Occidental ak ekivalan yo nan uit lang, te pibliye ane annapre a.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wahl|first=E. de|title=Radicarium directiv del lingue international (Occidental) in 8 lingues.|date=1925|location=Tallinn|oclc=185538723}}</ref> Kosmoglott te tou yon fowòm pou plizyè lòt lang planifye, pandan ke yo te toujou ekri sitou nan Occidental. Non an te chanje nan Cosmoglotta an 1927 kòm li te kòmanse ofisyèlman pwomouvwa Occidental olye de lòt lang, e ke janvye biwo editoryal ak administratif magazin an te deplase nan katye Vyèn nan Mauer, kounye a yon pati nan Liesing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta, 1927, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=7&size=45|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204017/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=7&size=45}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1947, p. 17|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1947&size=45&page=17|access-date=2019-01-18|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214174909/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1947&size=45&page=17|}}</ref> Anpil nan siksè yo byen bonè pou Occidental nan peryòd sa a te soti nan nouvo lokal santral biwo a, ansanm ak efò Engelbert Pigal, tou ki soti nan Otrich, ki gen atik Li Ovre de Edgar de Wahl (Travay Edgar de Wahl) te mennen nan enterè nan. Occidental soti nan itilizatè Ido.<ref name=":1" /> Itilizasyon an Frans te kòmanse nan 1928, ak nan kòmansman pwochen deseni kap vini an te etabli kominote Occidental la nan [[Almay]], [[Otrich]], [[Syèd]], Tchekoslovaki ak [[Swis]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Helvetia, January 1930|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&datum=1930&page=9&size=45|quote="...Occ. esset unesimli propagat per Germanes, Austrianes, Svedes, Tchecoslovacos e solmen ante du annus ha penetrat in Francia."|access-date=2020-09-04|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022218/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&datum=1930&page=9&size=45}}</ref> === Peryòd Vyèn ak Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la === [[File:Postkarte Lingue international Occidental.jpg|thumb|right|Kat postal ak tèks Occidental te kreye an 1928 nan Vyèn]] Peryòd Vyèn nan te make tou pa estabilite finansye. Avèk èd de gwo sipòtè, Hans Hörbiger, ki soti tou Vyèn, ak G.A. Moore soti nan Lond, Cosmoglotta te pwospere malgre kriz ekonomik la. Apre de yo te mouri an 1931, Cosmoglotta te fòse ankò konte sou revni ki soti nan abònman ak repiblikasyon.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1937, p.79|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1937&page=80&size=45|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415030229/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1937&page=80&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Mouvman k ap grandi a te kòmanse fè kanpay plis assertive pou Occidental nan kòmansman ane 1930 yo,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1933&size=45&page=22|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1933, p. 20.|access-date=2019-04-11|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024026/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1933&size=45&page=22|url-status=live}}</ref> pwofite lizibilite li nan je li lè li kontakte òganizasyon tankou konpayi, anbasad, enpresyon ak LON ak lèt ​​antyèman nan Occidental ki te souvan konprann epi reponn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=30|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1935, p. 30|access-date=2019-02-20|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415032533/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=30|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1931, p. 92|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1931&size=45&page=95|quote=Un commercial firma in Tchecoslovacia scri spontanmen al redaction: "Mi firma...opera in Italia solmen per li medium de Occidental, e to in omni romanic states. To es un miraculos fact. Vu posse scrir a omni romano in Occidental e il va comprender vor idées."|access-date=2020-10-22|archive-date=2020-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027051833/http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1931&size=45&page=95|url-status=live}}</ref> Anrejistreman oksidantal pale sou dosye gramofòn pou distribisyon yo te fè premye nan peryòd sa a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1934&size=45&page=67|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1934, p. 52.|access-date=2019-04-13|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014454/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1934&size=45&page=67|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=12|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1935, p. 12|access-date=2019-02-20|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022338/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=12|url-status=live}}</ref> Ane yo soti nan 1935 a 1939 yo te patikilyèman aktif pou Cosmoglotta ak yon dezyèm edisyon nan jounal la te pibliye. Orijinèlman gen tit Cosmoglotta-Informationes,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B (Cosmoglotta-Informationes), 1935, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&page=1&size=45|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203535/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&page=1&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> li te byento chanje non Cosmoglotta B, konsantre sou atik ki gen plis enterè entèn tankou pwoblèm lengwistik, rapò sou Occidental nan nouvèl la, ak mizajou finansye. Nan kòmansman ane 1936, san konte 110 nimewo Cosmoglotta ak lòt jounal ak bilten, yon total de 80 piblikasyon te egziste nan ak sou Occidental.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1936, p. 17|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&size=45&page=17|access-date=2019-02-23|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020219/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&size=45&page=17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1936, p. 38|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&size=45&page=38|access-date=2019-02-23|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020032/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&page=38&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Men, ane anvan Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la te poze difikilte pou oksidantal ak lòt lang ki planifye. Yo te entèdi nan Almay,[26] Otrich[27] ak Tchekoslovaki, fòse yo dispans,[28] epi kenbe yo anba siveyans pa Gestapo a,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=122|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 122|quote=English translation: The final exchange of telegrams between us was your telegram in March 1938 where you asked me if I would go to The Hague to participate in the IALA conference, and my quick negative response, not followed by a letter explaining why. You certainly had guessed the cause, but you cannot know what actually happened. Immediately after the coming of Hitler I had the "honour", as president of an international organisation, to be watched by the Gestapo, which interrogated me multiple times and searched through my house, confiscating a large part of my correspondence and my interlinguistic material."|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2021-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324052338/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=122|url-status=live}}</ref> ki te tou detwi materyèl ansèyman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 33.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&size=45&page=33|quote=Translation: "I myself lost my entire rich Occidental-Interlingue possessions in 1936 through home raids by the infamous Gestapo...How thankful you must be to your governments which have avoided such catastrophes that our land (Germany) has suffered, one after another, for 35 years now."|access-date=2019-01-16|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024141/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&size=45&page=33|url-status=live}}</ref> Entèdiksyon lang oksilyè nan Almay te patikilyèman domaje paske se te kote pifò Oksidans yo t ap viv nan epòk la.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=32|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 32|access-date=2019-01-06|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024144/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=32|url-status=live}}</ref> Enkapasite pou aksepte peman pou abònman se te yon souflèt finansye ki te kontinye apre lagè a<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p. 11|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=11&size=45|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203603/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=11&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> ansanm ak divizyon Almay nan zòn enfliyans, se pa tout sa ki te pèmèt peman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1947, p. 107|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=99|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204211/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=99|url-status=live}}</ref> De Wahl, nan Tallinn, pa t 'kapab kominike ak Inyon Oksidantal la nan Swis soti nan 1939 rive oktòb 1947, premye akòz lagè a ak apre sa entèsepsyon nan lapòs ant Swis ak Inyon Sovyetik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1947, p. 100|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=92|access-date=2019-01-02|website=anno.onb.ac.at|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415023923/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=92|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 100|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=101&size=45|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204221/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=101&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> San okouran de sa, de Wahl te dekonprann nan mank nan repons nan lèt kontinye l 'yo; menm yon gwo koleksyon pwezi tradui an Occidental pa t janm delivre. Sèl lèt li te resevwa nan Swis te vini an 1947, li te mande Inyon Occidental la poukisa li pa t reponn okenn nan li.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 99|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=100&size=45|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203808/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=100&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Pandan se tan, kay de Wahl ak tout bibliyotèk li te detwi pandan bonbadman Tallinn. De Wahl tèt li te nan prizon pou yon tan apre li te refize kite Estoni pou Almay, epi pita te pran refij nan yon lopital sikyatrik kote li te viv lavi l '.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|quote="Post la okupo de Tallinn per sovetia armeo estis deportita kaj malaperinta la edzino de De Wahl, lia domo komplete forbruliĝis dum bombardado, detruiĝis lia riĉa biblioteko kaj manuskriptoj. Post la alveno de naziaj trupoj De Wahl rifuzis translokiĝon al Germanio kaj estis enkarcerigita. Por savi lin, liaj amikoj lasis proklami lin mense malsana. En la jaro 1944, 77-jaraĝa, li eniris sanatorion Seewald apud Tallinn kaj restis tie ankaŭ post la milito, ne havante propran loĝejon"|access-date=2019-01-22|archive-date=2019-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 98|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=99&size=45|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203805/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=99&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Epidemi lagè a nan 1939 te mete yon kanpe nan piblikasyon tou de Cosmoglottas jiska 1940, men nan 1941 Cosmoglotta B te kòmanse piblikasyon yon lòt fwa ankò epi li te kontinye jiska 1950.<ref name=":3" /> Yon edisyon swa Cosmoglotta A oswa B te pibliye chak mwa ant janvye 1937 ak septanm 1939, ak Lè sa a (apre chòk inisyal lagè a) chak mwa soti nan septanm 1941 jiska jen 1951.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=73&size=45|title=Plan de aparition de KOSMOGLOTT 1922–1926 e COSMOGLOTTA 1927–1972 (Austrian National Library)|access-date=2019-01-28|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025601/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=73&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Pandan lagè a, sèlman moun ki nan net Swis ak Syèd te kapab konplètman konsakre tèt yo nan lang nan, pote sou aktivite semi-ofisyèlman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1941, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1941&page=1&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183239/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1941&page=1&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1943, p. 85|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185453/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45}}</ref> Pandan lagè a, oksidantal yo te remake ke lang yo te souvan pèmèt yo voye pa telegram andedan ak deyò nan Swis (espesyalman pou ale ak soti nan Syèd)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p.8.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=8&size=45|access-date=2018-12-22|website=anno.onb.ac.at|quote=English translation: "At the assembly of the Swiss Association for Occidental in Bienne it was noted with satisfaction that despite the war the cooperation at least with the Swedish worldlanguage friends was always able to be maintained, in that the letters and telegrams written in Occidental passed by the censors without problem."|archive-date=2021-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207153229/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=8&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> menm san rekonesans ofisyèl, sipoze ke sansi yo te kapab konprann li <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=6&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1943, p. 6 |access-date=2018-12-10 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024228/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=6&size=45 |url-status=live }}</ref> te panse yo te ekri an Panyòl oswa Romansch<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=15&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 15 |access-date=2018-12-10 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021903/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=15&size=45 |url-status=live }}</ref> (yon ti lang romans men ofisyèl nan Swis). Sa te pèmèt kèk kominikasyon pran plas ant Oksidantal yo nan Swis ak Syèd. Lòt sant aktivite Oksidantal yo an Ewòp pa t byen mache, ak stock materyèl etid nan Vyèn ak Tallinn te detwi nan bonbadman<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=9&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p.9|website=anno.onb.ac.at|access-date=2018-12-22|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020703/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=9&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> ak anpil Oksidansyen te voye nan kan konsantrasyon nan Almay ak Tchekoslovaki.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 119.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45|access-date=2018-12-22|website=anno.onb.ac.at|quote=English translation: "When I arrived in Prague after my escape from the concentration of Leitmeritz, I had literally nothing except a ragged prison uniform, the so-called "pyjama" of the prison camps...Soon after I arrived in Prague I published an ad to search friends of the international language..."|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203639/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 83.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=83&size=45|access-date=2018-12-22|website=anno.onb.ac.at|quote=English translation: "The letters from France are starting to arrive in Switzerland. Especially appreciated are those from Mr. Lerond, a teacher in Bréville tra Donville (Manche) and from Mr. René Chabaud, who happily returned safe and sound from a prison camp in Germany."|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022910/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=83&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Kontak yo te retabli yon ti tan apre lagè pa moun ki te rete yo, ak lèt ​​ki soti nan peyi tankou Lafrans, Tchekoslovaki, Fenlann ak Grann Bretay rive nan Cosmoglotta. Ekriven yo te di ke yo te pare yo kòmanse aktivite yon lòt fwa pou lang nan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p. 108|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=108&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-01|archive-date=2021-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801150349/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=108&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946. p. 119-120|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=2020-12-17|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203639/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45}}</ref> Cosmoglotta te gen abonnés nan 58 vil nan Swis<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=24&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 24 |access-date=2018-12-10 |archive-date=2021-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330075537/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=24&size=45 |url-status=live }}</ref> kèk mwa anvan fen Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la an Ewòp, ak Cosmoglotta A te kòmanse piblikasyon ankò an 1946.<ref name=":3" /> === Normalisation lang === Pandan lagè a anpil Oksidantalis te pran estandadize lang lan.<ref name=":15" /> De Wahl te kreye Occidental ak yon kantite karakteristik ki pa chanje, men li te kwè ke swiv li nan "lwa lavi yo" te ba li yon baz ase fèm ke li te kapab swiv yon "evolisyon natirèl"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1922, p. 65|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=65&size=45|access-date=2020-12-16|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203337/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=65&size=45}}</ref> ak yon fleksibilite ki ta "pèmèt tan. ak pratik yo pran swen modifikasyon ki ta pwouve ke yo nesesè".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 95|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=103&size=45|access-date=2020-08-22|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020154/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&size=45&page=103}}</ref> Kòm yon rezilta, kèk mo te gen plis pase yon fòm akseptab, ki pa t 'kapab rezoud pa dekrè sèlman, kidonk kite desizyon final la nan kominote a lè yo enkli tou de fòm posib nan premye diksyonè oksidantal yo.<ref>[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=3&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 3:] {{Wayback|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=3&size=45 |date=20210415020331 }} Tradiksyon: "Pou kèk santèn mo entènasyonal gen de fòm ant ki pa fasil pou konnen kiyès ki pi bon. E. de Wahl te ekri sajès tou de nan premye diksyonè yo, ak entansyon pou kite pratik pran desizyon an."</ref> Yon egzanp te konsène vèb ''scrir'' (ekri) ak yon posib lòt fòm ''scripter'', kòm tou de te kreye derivasyon entènasyonalman rekonèt: ''scritura'' ak ''scritor'' soti nan ''scrir'', oswa ''scriptura'' ak ''scriptor'' soti nan ''scripter''.<ref name=":16" /> De Wahl te eksprime yon preferans pou ''scrir'', li te jwenn ''scripter'' yon ti jan lou, men kòmante ke lèt la te sètènman akseptab e ke Occidental ta ka pran yon evolisyon menm jan ak lang natirèl kote tou de fòm yo vin an komen, ak fòm ki pi long la gen yon evolisyon. karaktè pi lou ak fòmèl ak pi kout la fòme yon ton pi lejè ak plis chak jou (tankou ''history'' vs story''nan angle).<ref name=":16">{{Cite book|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=14&size=45|title=Kosmoglott, 1925, p. 14|date=May 1925|access-date=2020-12-16|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203618/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=14&size=45}}</ref> Òtograf se te yon lòt zòn kote plizyè posiblite te egziste, sètadi òtograf etimolojik (''adtractiv'', ''opression''), òtograf istorik (''attractiv'', ''oppression''), oswa òtograf senplifye (''attractiv'', ''opression'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=66&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1944, p. 66 |access-date=2018-12-07 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014651/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=66&size=45 }}</ref> Premye opsyon a pa t janm itilize, epi òtograf senplifye a te vin tounen estanda an 1939.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schmidt|first=Dr. Thomas|title=GROSSES MODERNES WÖRTERBUCH INTERLINGUE (OCCIDENTAL) - DEUTSCH|year=2020|location=Berlin|pages=2|quote=Von seiner Entstehung bis zum Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkrieges 1939 wurde die Rechtschreibung der Sprache deutlich vereinfacht. Diese sogenannte „simplificat ortografie“ löste die alte „historic ortografie“ ab.}}</ref> Anpil nan estandadize lang lan te akonpli nan fason sa a atravè preferans kominote a (pa egzanp, tou de (pa egzanp, yo te pwopoze ni ''ac''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1926, p. 52|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1926&page=52&size=45|access-date=2019-02-27|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024147/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1926&page=52&size=45}}</ref> ni ''anc'' pou mo "tou", men kominote a byen vit etabli sou ''anc''), men li pa t 'tout fason sa a. Avèk dout ki rete sou fòm ofisyèl kèk mo ak mank de materyèl jeneral ki gen entansyon pou piblik la an jeneral,<ref name="Sin-nombre-p2Ul-1">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1938, p. 82|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1938&size=45&page=71|access-date=2019-03-23|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015942/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1938&size=45&page=71}}</ref> anpil tan te pase pandan Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la nan estandadize lang nan ak kreye kou, ak akòz kontinyasyon lagè a, nan mwa Out. 1943 yo pran desizyon pou kreye yon akademi pwovizwa pou rann pwosesis sa a ofisyèl.<ref name=":15">[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1943, p. 85:] {{Wayback|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45 |date=20210415024913 }} English translation: "Because the president and secretary of the Academy are located in countries in a state of war, the leading Occidentalists of the neutral countries, Switzerland and Sweden, believe it necessary to set up an INTERIM ACADEMY which will function until the other will be able to resume its work. The decisions of this interim academy will be '''conditional''', i.e.: must be validated by the regular Academy after the war, and due to that it will deliver to it all documents justifying its decisions, with detailed reasons."</ref> Pwosesis sa a te jis kòmanse pa lontan anvan lagè a, e Swis yo te twouve yo izole de rès kontinan an, te chwazi pou konsantre sou materyèl enstriksyon yo te pare nan fen lagè a.<ref name="Sin-nombre-p2Ul-1"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1939, p. 1|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1939&page=1&size=45|access-date=2019-03-24|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415033016/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1939&page=1&size=45}}</ref> Lè yo fè sa, yo souvan jwenn tèt yo konfwonte ak yon chwa ant de "teyorikman egalman bon" fòm ki te rete nan itilizasyon popilè, men ki gen prezans ta ka konfizyon yon nouvo moun k ap aprann lang nan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&size=45&page=49 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 49 |access-date=2018-12-13 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021844/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&size=45&page=49 }}</ref> Akademi an te kenbe efò normalisation yo ta baze sou itilizasyon aktyèl la, ki deklare ke: {{Quote|...standardizasyon lang lan gen limit natirèl. 'Normalize' lang lan pa vle di abitrèman rann youn nan solisyon posib yo ofisyèl epi rejte lòt yo kòm endezirab ak enèvan. Se sèlman solisyon ki te deja sipòte pa pratik yo estanda."<ref>[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=67&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1944, p. 67:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020828/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=67&size=45 |date=2021-04-15 }} "...li standardisation del lingue have su natural límites. "Standardisar li lingue ne significa arbitrarimen oficialisar un del solutiones possibil e rejecter li altris quam índesirabil e genant. On standardisa solmen solutiones queles ja ha esset sanctionat per li practica."</ref>}} === IALA, Interlingua, ak chanjman non an Interlingue === Asosyasyon Lang Oksilyè Entènasyonal (IALA), ki te fonde an 1924[61] pou etidye ak detèmine pi bon lang ki te planifye pou kominikasyon entènasyonal la, te okòmansman te wè ak sispèk pa kominote oksidantal la. Ko-fondatè Alice Vanderbilt Morris se te yon Esperantis, menm jan ak anpil nan anplwaye li yo,[62] ak anpil Oksidantal ki gen ladan de Wahl li menm[62] te kwè ke lidèchip li anba Esperantis William Edward Collinson vle di ke li te mete kanpe ak yon anplwaye. nan lengwis pwofesyonèl anba yon pretèks net ak syantifik pou ranfòse yon rekòmandasyon final pou Esperanto. Sepandan, byento, relasyon yo te amelyore, paske li te vin klè ke IALA te gen entansyon vin enpasyal ke posib nan familyarize tèt li ak tout lang ki te planifye ki egziste deja. Ric Berger, yon Oksidantal enpòtan ki te vin antre nan Interlingua nan ane 1950 yo, te fè yon vizit pèsonèl nan Morris an 1935 kote li menm ak mari l te montre yon kiryozite pou Occidental epi envite l pou l pale nan lang nan, sa ki te amelyore anpil opinyon Berger sou òganizasyon an. [63] An 1945, IALA te anonse ke li te planifye pou kreye pwòp lang li epi li te montre kat vèsyon posib anba konsiderasyon, yo tout yo te natiralistik[64] kòm opoze ak chema. An jeneral, oksidantal yo te kontan dèske IALA te deside kreye yon lang ki sanble nati konsa ak oksidantal, yo te wè li kòm yon asosyasyon kredib ki te bay diskisyon yo enpòtan pou yon lang oksilyè ta dwe soti nan etid lang natirèl olye pou yo eseye anfòm. yo nan yon sistèm atifisyèl. Ric Berger te patikilyèman pozitif nan dekri lang kap vini an kòm yon viktwa pou lekòl natirèl la[64] ak "prèske menm lang lan" an 1948.[65] Berger te toujou gen rezèvasyon, sepandan, dout si yon pwojè ki gen yon aspè ak estrikti menm jan an ta kapab "toudenkou lakòz prejije [kont lang planifye] tonbe epi kreye inite nan mitan patizan yo nan lang entènasyonal yo".[66] Berger te pè tou ke li ta ka tou senpleman "dispèse patizan yo nan lang natirèl la san anyen pa montre pou li" apre Occidental te kreye "inite nan lekòl la naturalistik" pou lontan.[66] Pandan ke de lang yo te gen 90 pousan vokabilè ki idantik[67] san diferans òtograf yo te pran an konsiderasyon (egzanp ak filosofie ak filozofi konsidere kòm menm mo a), estriktirèl ak derivasyon yo te trè diferan. Règ De Wahl nan Occidental te sitou elimine vèb laten doub tij (vèb tankou aji: ager, aji- oswa voye: mitter, miss-), alòske Interlingua te senpleman aksepte yo kòm yon pati ak pati nan yon sistèm natirèl.[68] Lang kontwòl yo (Italyen, Panyòl ak/oswa Pòtigè, Fransè, Angle) itilize pa Interlingua pou fòme vokabilè li yo anplis mande pou yo jwenn yon mo elijib nan twa lang sous ("règ twa a"),[69] ki ta konfli ak substra jèrmanik Occidental la ak divès lòt mo ki ta pa elijib pa definisyon nan yon lang inifye ki te kenbe metodoloji Interlingua a. Interlingua te pèmèt tou opsyonèl konjigezon vèbal iregilye tankou so, pitit gason ak sia kòm premye moun sengilye, twazyèm-person pliryèl ak konjonktif fòm esser, vèb 'yo dwe'.[70] Occidental te tou toujou refè apre lagè a. Cosmoglotta te kontinye rapòte nan 1946 sou ki moun ki te siviv lagè a, ki moun ki nan mitan yo te pare yo patisipe ankò ak moun ki te toujou soti nan kontak.[71][72] Magazin nan te gen anpil presyon sou finansman pa depans enprime apre lagè a ak enkapasite li nan kolekte peman nan sèten peyi,[73] yon kontras ki make ak IALA ki byen finanse[74] ki baze nan New York.[75] Politik entènasyonal te yon lòt difikilte pou Oksidantalis apre lagè a. Kòmansman Gè Fwad la te kreye yon sitiyasyon alèz pou Inyon-Occidental la,[76][77][78] ki gen non malerezman kowenside ak sa yo ki nan yon lig politik anti-Ris; Oksidantal Swis yo te kwè se poutèt sa tout lèt de Wahl te soti nan Tallinn te entèsepte.[79] De Wahl te rete inyorans de devlopman nan lang ak pwopozisyon an pou tout rès lavi l '.[80] Nan kòmansman ane 1948, Oksidansyen Tchekoslovak yo te kòmanse mande yon nouvo non ki ta pèmèt yo kontinye aktivite lengwistik yo san sispèk, yo te pwopoze non Interal (International auxiliari lingue), a ke sendika a te reponn ke tèm Interlingue a ta pi apwopwiye ak yo. yo te lib pou prezante lang lan kòm "Interlingue (Occidental)", oswa menm retire mansyone nan Occidental nan parantèz si yo te vle.[81] Ric Berger te kòmanse defann yon chanjman nan non soti nan Occidental a Interlingue an 1948[82] ki li te espere tou ta ede nan yon fizyon ant de lang yo.[83] Vòt ofisyèl sou chanjman non an nan Interlingue te fèt an 1949 epi yo te pase ak 91 pousan sipò, ki fè non ofisyèl la Interlingue, ak Interlingue (Occidental) tou pèmèt, kòmanse septanm 1949.[84] Premye Interlingua an 1951 te febli Interlingue-Occidental, ki jouk lè sa a pa t gen konteste nan domèn lang oksilyè planifikasyon natirèl. Pèsepsyon Vĕra Barandovská-Frank te genyen sou sitiyasyon an nan moman an te jan sa a (tradui soti nan Esperanto): : ''Nan domèn lang planifikasyon natiralistik Occidental-Interlingue te jis nan moman sa a pa te konteste (sitou apre lanmò Otto Jespersen, otè Novial), paske tout nouvo pwojè yo te prèske imitasyon li. Sa te aplike pou Interlingua tou, men li te pote avèk li yon diksyonè 27 000 mo lengwis pwofesyonèl mete ansanm ki te pote anpil respè, malgre nan prensip sèlman konfime chemen De Wahl te kòmanse a. [...] Nan sikonstans sa yo efò Ric Berger te fè pou deplase tout itilizatè Interlingue an masse nan Interlingua de IALA te yon chòk. Erezi li te lakòz dout ak entèripsyon nan sèk Interlingue, sitou apre li te vin patisipe nan piblikasyon "Revista de Interlingua". Lide ansyen nan yon fizyon natirèl nan tou de lang yo te montre yo te ireyèl, ak nouvo lang nan vin tounen yon rival li''.[85][86] Don Harlow menm jan an rezime ane 1951 pou Occidental: : ''Interlingua te gen yon sikonskripsyon pare. Prèske trant ane te pase depi kreyasyon Oksidantal, ki gen fòs nan monn "naturalis" la te anpeche lòt pwojè "naturalis" devlope pwòp mouvman yo. Men zetwal Occidental la te bese depi lagè a. Kounye a, tankou yon boulon ki soti nan ble a, te vini kado syèl la te voye sa a: yon nouvo lang konstwi menm plis "naturalistik" pase oksidantal. Malgre tout tantativ patizan oksidantal yo te fè pou evite inevitab la - pa egzanp, ak taktik tankou chanje non lang yo Interlingue - pifò oksidantis ki te rete yo te fè yon pelerinaj kout nan chapèl Interlingua''.[74] === Sispann ak renesans === Pandan ke migrasyon an nan anpil itilizatè yo nan Interlingua te febli anpil Interlingue, gout nan aktivite ki te vini an te piti piti e li te fèt sou plizyè deseni.[87] Cosmoglotta B sispann piblikasyon apre 1950, ak frekans Cosmoglotta A te kòmanse piti piti piti: yon fwa chak dezyèm mwa apati 1952, ak Lè sa a, yon fwa pou chak trimès soti nan 1963.[39] Lòt bilten nan Interlingue te kontinye parèt pandan tan sa a tankou ''Cive del Munde'' ([[Swis]]), ''Voce de Praha'' ([[Tchekoslovaki]]), ''Sved Interlinguist'' ([[Syèd]]), ''International Memorandum'' ([[Wayòm Ini]]), ''Interlinguistic Novas'' ([[Frans]]), ''Jurnal Scolari International'' ([[Frans]]), ''Buletine Pedagogic International'' (Frans), ''Super li Frontieras'' (Frans), ''Interlingue-Postillon'' (1958, Almay), ''Novas de Oriente'' (1958, Japon), ''Amicitie european'' (1959, Swis), ''Teorie e practice'' (Swis-Tchekoslovaki, 1967), ak ''Novas in Interlingue'' (Tchekoslovaki, 1971).<ref name=":4" /> Barandovská-Frank te kwè ke reflu nan enterè nan Occidental-Interlingue te fèt an konsè ak aje nan jenerasyon an ki te premye trase nan li soti nan lòt lang planifye: : ''Pifò nan moun ki enterese nan Interlingue te fè pati jenerasyon an ki te vin konnen alafwa ak Volapük, Esperanto ak Ido, pita sou jwenn solisyon ki pi estetik (esansyèlman natiralistik) nan Occidental-Interlingue. Answit, anpil moun te deplase nan Interlingua IALA a, ki sepandan pa t pwouve yo te gen plis siksè malgre enpresyon orijin syantifik li te fè, e moun ki te rete fidèl a Occidental-Interlingue pa t reyisi bay antouzyasm yo bay yon nouvo jenerasyon''.<ref name=":4" /> Aktivite nan Interlingue te rive nan yon ba pandan ane 1980 yo ak kòmansman ane 1990 yo, lè piblikasyon Cosmoglotta te sispann pou kèk ane. Pandan ke nimewo 269 te pibliye an 1972 apre yo fin pibliye yon fwa pa sezon ant 1963,<ref name=":3" /> nimewo 289 pa te rive jiska ete 2000<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, Summer 2000|url=http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/Cg289/cg289.htm|access-date=2018-12-13|archive-date=2021-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922200525/http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/Cg289/cg289.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> pou yon mwayèn de mwens pase yon nimewo chak ane. Dapre Harlow, "an 1985, dènye peryodik Occidental la, Cosmoglotta, te sispann piblikasyon, epi editè li a, Mesye Adrian Pilgrim, yo site kòm li te dekri Occidental kòm yon 'lang mò.'"<ref name="harlow2000" /> Yon dekad apre, yon fim dokimantè nan 1994 pa Steve Hawley ak Steyger sou lang ki planifye te entwodui Donald Gasper, oratè Interlingue, kòm "youn nan dènye moun ki rete nan lang oksidantal la". Menm jan ak lòt lang ki te planifye yo, arive Entènèt la te ankouraje Interlingue renesans<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|access-date=2019-01-22|archive-date=2019-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>. Nan ane 1999 premye Yahoo! Gwoup nan Occidental te fonde, Cosmoglotta te kòmanse pibliye tanzantan ankò, ak lang nan te vin yon sijè nan diskisyon nan literati sou lang oksilyè.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/historie.html|access-date=2019-01-30|website=www.ie-munde.com|archive-date=2019-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130162516/https://www.ie-munde.com/historie.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yon egzanp se Liv Esperanto ki te pibliye an 1995 pa Harlow, ki te ekri ke Occidental te gen yon anfaz entansyonèl sou fòm Ewopeyen yo e ke kèk nan dirijan patizan li yo te adopte yon filozofi ewosantrik, ki te kapab anpeche pwopagasyon li.<ref name="harlow2000" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 33|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=39&size=45|access-date=2020-12-20|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203551/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=39&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Toujou, opinyon opoze a<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 64|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=68&size=45|quote=Yo confesse que yo vide poc in li Europan cultura del ultim 1900 annus quel es tam remarcabilmen preciosi. To quo es max visibil es tyrannie, oppression, guerres e nigri superstition.|access-date=2020-10-18|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014456/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=68&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1949, p.108|url=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131845221/Cosmoglotta%20A%20149%20%28oct%201949%29|quote=In ti témpor yo esset in Sydney, e pro que yo havet grand interesse por li indigenes e volet converter mi blanc fratres a un bon opinion pri ili, yo scrit in li presse pri ti heroic action e comparat li brutalitá del blanc rasse con li conciliantie e self-sacrificie del negros.|access-date=2020-10-18|archive-date=2020-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724141051/http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131845221/Cosmoglotta%20A%20149%20%28oct%201949%29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> te komen tou nan kominote a ak Occidental te vin aderan nan anpil nasyon ki gen ladan nasyon Azyatik yo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1937|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1937&size=45&page=114|quote=JAPAN: Kokusaigo-Kenkyusho, Daita 11-784, Setagaya, TOKIO (Pch. Tokio 62 061)|access-date=2019-01-29|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015404/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1937&size=45&page=114|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1958, p. 66, 77|website=[[GitHub]]|url=https://github.com/occidental-lang/occidental-lang.github.io/blob/master/resources/Cosmoglotta_V_1958.pdf|access-date=2020-12-22|archive-date=2021-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915114204/https://github.com/occidental-lang/occidental-lang.github.io/blob/master/resources/Cosmoglotta_V_1958.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Yon Wikipedya Interlingue te apwouve an 2004. Nan dènye ane yo, reyinyon ofisyèl moun ki pale entèlingue yo te rekòmanse: youn nan Ulm an 2013,<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Litt incontra in Ulm.|journal=IE-MUNDE (Revúe in Interlingue-Occidental) Numeró 7 – Octobre 2013}}</ref> yon lòt nan Minik nan 2014 ak twa patisipan,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/incontra-de-interlingue-7-im-de-april-2014-in-muenchen.html|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|website=www.ie-munde.com|access-date=2019-01-30|archive-date=2019-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130162556/https://www.ie-munde.com/incontra-de-interlingue-7-im-de-april-2014-in-muenchen.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ak yon twazyèm nan Ulm ane kap vini an ak senk.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=TRIESIM MINI-INCONTRA DE INTERLINGUE|journal=IE-MUNDE (Revúe in Interlingue-Occidental) Numeró 11 – Octobre 2015}}</ref> Dènye ane yo te montre nouvo liv ki te pibliye nan Interlingue tankou Ti Prens la,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/textus-in-interlingue.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=www.ie-munde.com}}</ref> Levanjil Mak la,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/textus-in-interlingue.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=www.ie-munde.com}}</ref> Salute, Jonathan!<ref>[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan! Salute, Jonathan!]</ref>, ak zèv Vicente Costalago: ''Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas''<ref>[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-sercha-in-li-castelle-dewahl-e-altri-racontas/paperback/product-j2775p.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas]</ref>, ''Antologie hispan''<ref name ="antologie">[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/antologie-hispan/paperback/product-pmknpz.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Antologie hispan]</ref>, ''Fabules, rakontas e mites''<ref name ="fabules">[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/fabules-contes-e-mites/paperback/product-4g6ezk.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Fabules, racontas e mites]</ref> ak ''Li tresor de Fluvglant''<ref>[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-tresor-de-fluvglant/paperback/product-8grj8y.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Li tresor de Fluvglant]</ref>. == Filozofi langaj == [[File:Werbemarke für die Plansprache Occidental (Interlingue).jpg|thumb|Sticker soti nan 1930 te kreye pou mete aksan sou lizibilite a premye je: Li lingue quel vu comprende (Lang ou konprann) ak Occidental propaga se self (Occidental ankouraje tèt li).]] De Wahl te premye entwodui lang planifye atravè [[Volapük]], yon lang oksilyè entènasyonal ki te pibliye an 1879. De Wahl te fini vin youn nan itilizatè yo pi bonè nan [[Esperanto]] (''la lingvo internacia''), ke li te rankontre pou premye fwa an 1888 pandan peryòd li kòm yon Volapükist e pou ki li te nan pwosesis pou konpoze yon diksyonè nan tèm maren.<ref name=":9" /> Li te vin tounen yon patizan fervan nan Esperanto pandan plizyè ane kote li te kolabore ak Zamenhof sou kèk pati nan konsepsyon lang nan<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 56|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=62&size=45|access-date=2020-12-20|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204208/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=62&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> e li te tradui youn nan premye zèv yo an Esperanto: "Princidino Mary", te pibliye an 1889. orijinèlman anba non Princino Mary. Li te rete yon Esperantis jiska 1894 lè vòt pou refòm Esperanto echwe; li te youn nan de jis ki te vote ni pou Esperanto san chanje, ni pou refòm ki te pwopoze pa Zamenhof, men pou yon refòm konplètman nouvo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=19&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 19|access-date=2019-01-30|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203629/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=19&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Occidental pa t ap anonse pou yon 28 ane konplè apre de Wahl te abandone Esperanto, yon peryòd kote li te pase travay ak lòt kreyatè lang ap eseye devlope yon sistèm ki konbine natiralism ak regilarite, yon konbinezon ki te vin tounen yon pwen vann souvan referans nan la. pwomosyon oksidantal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1929, p. 101|quote=Inter omni projectes, Occidental es li sol quel in altissim gradu ha penat satisfar li amalgamation del du quasi contradictori postulates: regularitá e naturalitá.|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=105&size=45|access-date=2021-05-11|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511090145/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=105&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1938, p. 64|quote=Do secun li principies fundamental de Occidental: «junter quant possibil regularitá e naturalitá», just li form «radica» es li sol rect e apt por ti parol.|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1938&page=53&size=45|access-date=2021-05-11|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511090144/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1938&page=53&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1929, p. 76|quote=Nu, si li europan popules va un die introducter un tal radical ortografic reforma in su lingues quam li turcos, it va esser natural que anc li lingue international va secuer ti reforma, ma til tande, noi pensa, noi have ancor sufficent témpor e prefere ne chocar li publica e destructer li etymologie, do li regularitá e naturalitá.|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&size=45&page=80|access-date=2021-05-11|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511090131/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&size=45&page=80|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1929, p. 10|quote=Qui in li divers revues interlinguistic...retrosecue li labores de Wahl til lor origines, ti va constatar, que li autor de Occidental ja in su unesim publicationes esset un consecuent representant e protagonist del strict naturalitá del futuri lingue international; ma in contrast a altri interlinguistes del camp naturalistic, Wahl ha sempre accentuat que ti ci naturalitá deve accordar con plen regularitá del structura del lingue.|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=14&size=45|access-date=2021-05-11|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511090137/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=14&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1935, p. 14|quote=Occidental esset publicat de Prof. E. de Wahl in 1922. It ha monstrat nos que li vocabularium del grand lingues de civilisation posse esser regularisat per un sistema de derivation admirabilmen simplic, sin arbitrari formes, sin inventet regules». Pro to Occidental es un excellent combination de naturalitá e regularitá. Ti du caracteres merita esser expresset in li insigne e yo proposi representar ti du atributes per li equigambi rect-triangul sur li diametre de un circul. Li equigambie expresse que li naturalitá e li regularitá esset tractat con egal cuidas per sr. de Wahl.|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&page=14&size=45|access-date=2021-05-11|archive-date=2021-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512060218/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&page=14&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Pami moun de Wahl te travay avèk yo pandan y ap devlope Occidental te genyen Waldemar Rosenberger (Idiom Neutral), Julius Lott (Mundolingue), ak Antoni Grabowski (Modèn Latin pou yon tan, anvan li retounen nan Esperanto).[113][4] Metòd "patizan natiralism" sa yo t'ap chache a se te distilasyon mo ki egziste deja yo nan pati yo pou jwenn rasin entènasyonal yo anndan yo (tankou natiralizasyon nan nat-ur-al-is-ation), answit itilize nan lòt mo pou kenbe. mo rasin nan yon minimòm pandan w ap kenbe yon aparans natirèl.[114] Dekonpozisyon mo ki egziste deja yo te bay yon gwo kantite afiks. Pa egzanp, jis sa yo itilize pou fòme non ki refere a yon kalite moun se jan sa a: -er- (molinero – miller), -or- (redakteur – editè), -ari- (milyonè – milyonè), -on- ( espyon, espyon), -ard (mentard, mantè), -astr- (poetastro, powèt move), -es (franceso, franse), -essa (reyessa, larenn). Dapre de Wahl, li te toujou pi bon pou chwazi yon sifiks pwodiktif pase pou yo fòse yo envante nouvo mo soti nan radikal konplètman nouvo pita sou.[115] Anplis de sa, règ de Wahl te devlope pita pèmèt pou sòti regilye soti nan vèb laten doub-tij.[116] Delegasyon pou Adopsyon yon Lang Oksilyè Entènasyonal, yon gwoup akademisyen ki te fòme pou etidye pwoblèm yon lang entènasyonal e ki te rekòmande Esperanto ak refòm (ki mennen nan lang ke yo rele Ido), te fèt an 1907 anvan Occidental te anonse. Konsa, de Wahl te chwazi voye yon memorandòm prensip ki baze sou yon lang entènasyonal, yon memorandòm ki te rive apre komite a te deja ajourne.[117] Li te sèlman te note an pasan pa Louis Couturat, ki te deja abitye ak de Wahl ak kolaboratè li yo. Prensip yo ki endike nan memorandòm nan lis nan yon demann pou komite a deklare:[118] # ke okenn nan sistèm ki ekziste yo pa satisfezan; # ke lang entènasyonal pou konstwi a ta dwe baze sou materyèl entènasyonal; # ke li ta dwe gen yon sistèm egzak nan fòmasyon nan mo ki, pa pwòp règ li yo, jwenn mo ki vrèman entènasyonal; # ke li ta dwe gen yon gramè natirèl ki pa pwodui fòm ki pa natirèl; # ke li ta dwe gen yon òtograf entènasyonal. De Wahl pibliye an 1922 yon modifikasyon nan prensip Otto Jespersen ki di "Sa a lang entènasyonal pi bon ki nan chak pwen ofri pi gwo fasilite a pi gwo kantite a",[119] ki deklare ke lang entènasyonal la ta dwe pi fasil pou majorite moun ki bezwen. li (lit. ki moun ki dwe aplike li),[120] oswa nan lòt mo moun ki bezwen li nan relasyon entènasyonal yo.[121] De Wahl te kwè ke kantite moun ki pale yo pa t toujou bezwen pran an konsiderasyon, patikilyèman nan domèn espesyalize tankou botanik kote pou egzanp tèm Oenethera biennis (yon kalite plant) ta dwe aplike san okenn chanjman nan yon lang entènasyonal menm si tout popilasyon mondyal la nan botanik, moun ki pi souvan abitye ak ki gen anpil chans sèvi ak mo a, pa t 'depase 10,000.[120] Sa a tou implique ke mo ki fè pati kilti patikilye yo ta dwe enpòte san modifikasyon, ki De Wahl kwè te pote nouvo lide ki gen valè nan kilti Ewopeyen an ki te vin "malad" apre Premye Gè Mondyal la. Li te site tèm yo karma, ko-tau (kowtow). , geisha, ak mahdí an 1924 kòm egzanp sa yo ki pa ta dwe mete nan yon "korse vokal"[95] nan tèminezon obligatwa (egzanp karmo, koŭtoŭo, gejŝo, madho nan Esperanto) lè yo enpòte nan lang entènasyonal la: : ''Mo sa yo, toujou pa gwo kantite, te wè yon gwo ogmantasyon nan syèk ki sot pase a, ak nan tan kap vini an ap grandi nan pwopòsyon tèt nèg lè, atravè kominikasyon entènasyonal, lide yo nan kilti ki estab Oriental yo pral inonde ak enfliyanse Ewòp la malad, ki se. kounye a pèdi ekilib li. Epi plis mo yo gate, se plis ide yo reprezante yo pral gate.[95]'' Nan yon atik sou devlopman nan fiti lang, de Wahl te ekri an 1927 ke akòz dominasyon Ewopeyen an nan syans yo ak lòt domèn Occidental te mande pou yon fòm ak derivasyon rekonèt pou Ewopeyen yo, men ke li ta dwe tou ekipe ak yon estrikti gramatikal ki kapab pran. sou plis analyse, fòm ki pa sòti nan tan kap vini an (tankou ekivalan "bake man" pou baker oswa "wise way" pou sajès) si tandans lengwistik atravè lemond yo te kòmanse montre yon preferans pou yo.[122] De Wahl te kwè ke te gen yon bon balans yo dwe kenbe ant regilarite schematic kont natiralism nan yon lang entènasyonal, kote twòp nan ansyen an ka pratik pou elèv k ap aprann bonè a men degoutan pou yon oratè, ak vis vèrsa: :''Eksepsyon yo pa fè pou fè etid pi difisil pou etranje, men pou fè pale pi kout ak pi likid [...] Li klè ke nan lang sa a kòm youn ki pi enpèsonèl, abstrè ak biznis nan tout, regilarite pral pi plis ak plis. elaji pase nan tout lòt lang nasyonal ak tribi ak idiom. Men, li p'ap janm ka rive jwenn yon chematism total [...] Epitou isit la solisyon reyèl la pral yon amonizasyon nan de prensip kontrè yo. Li mande pénétration sansib nan nesesite reyèl la nan ensten an nan superpopulasyon entènasyonal la."[123]'' Pandan ke prensipalman Romans nan vokabilè,[124][125][126] de Wahl te chwazi pou yon gwo substra jèrmanik ki li te santi li te plis ekspresyon pou vokabilè teknik ak materyèl (pwòp tèt ou, ost (lès), svimmar (naje), bab panyòl, elatriye), ak vokabilè romans ak grèk ki pi apwopwiye nan derivasyon mo entènasyonal yo (fémina pou fanm fòme feminen, can pou chen fòme canin (kanin), elatriye) ansanm ak konsepsyon mantal, kòporèl ak natirèl.[127] ] Ti lang romans tankou Laden, Provençal (Occitan) ak Catalan ansanm ak kreyòl yo te enpòtan nan devlopman Occidental pou de Wahl,[128][129] ki te ekri osi bonè ke lè 1912 ke lang li te devlope te pi sanble ak provensal pase. Italyen oswa Panyòl.[130] Magazin Swis Der Landbote te fè yon kòmantè menm jan an pandan y ap revize lang nan 1945, kòmante komik ke "li nan kèk egzanp yo nan Occidental ba nou enpresyon nan yon mwatye aprann Catalan pa yon etranje ki pa konprann anpil gramè a." 131] De Wahl ensiste ke aparans natirèl Occidental la pa vle di enpòtasyon an gwo nan ekspresyon nasyonal ak itilizasyon, e li te avèti ke fè sa ta mennen nan dezòd. Youn nan atik li yo sou sijè sa a te dirije sou itilizatè angle ak franse ki li te kwè mal te wè Occidental kòm yon melanj de yo: "(Aparans chaotic Occidental a) se pa fòt nan Occidental tèt li, men pito sa nan itilizatè li yo ak espesyalman nan. Fransè ak angle, oswa moun ki panse ke lang entènasyonal la ta dwe yon melanj de lang sa yo [...] sa se yon erè fondamantal, sitou si fòm sa yo prezante eksepsyon ak iregilarite nan sistèm Occidental la."[132] Alphonse Matejka te ekri. nan Cosmoglotta ke de Wahl "toujou reklame yon minimòm de otonomi pou lang li epi li te goumen anmè kont tout pwopozisyon ki te gen entansyon ogmante natiralism nan lang nan sèlman nan avèg imite lang romans yo, oswa jan de Wahl te di bridman nan youn nan lèt li yo bay. mwen, 'pa simante franse oswa angle'".[133] Lefètke Occidental te fè erè sou bò regilarite a te mennen nan vokabilè ki te toujou rekonèt men diferan de nòm entènasyonal la, tankou ínpossibil nan plas enposib (ín + poss + ibil), syantifik (syantifik, soti nan scient-ie + -ic), ak deskripsyon (deskripsyon, soti nan deskripsyon-r + -tion). Sa a se youn nan pi gwo diferans ki genyen ant li ak Interlingua, ki gen yon vokabilè ki soti nan sa yo rele 'pwototip'[134] (zansèt ki pi resan komen nan lang sous li yo) pandan Interlingue/Occidental konsantre sou derivasyon aktif, espontane. Vokabilè yo te jije teknikman akseptab menm si li pa t matche ak fòm nan lòt lang vivan, ak mo sa yo ki sòti dekri kòm "fòm ke lang vivan ta kapab pwodwi lè l sèvi avèk pwòp mwayen yo".[135] === Vokabilè === Menmsi li te sanble favorab pou fanmi lang romans la, de Wahl pa t 'wè Occidental kòm yon lang romans epi li pa t tolere okenn nasyonalis oswa chovinism nan chwa mo yo pou lang nan. Opinyon li sou jistis nan chwa vokabilè a te ke: "Kèlkeswa anpil espesyal, nouvo, mo enpòtan chak [kilti] te respektivman te ajoute nan kilti imen an komen, anpil yo resevwa."[136] Nan yon atik ki rele "International o. Romanic" (Entènasyonal oswa Romans) an 1929, li te bay egzanp nan yon kantite kategori nan ki lang patikilye te gen yon enfliyans patikilyèman gwo. Sa yo enkli grèk pou syans ak filozofi (teorema, teosofie, astronomie), Latin pou politik ak lalwa (sosyal, republica, komisyon), Scandinavian, Olandè ak angle pou navigasyon (log, fregatte, mast, brigg, bote), ak plizyè lòt. vokabilè entènasyonal ki soti nan lòt lang (sabat, alkòl, sultan, divan, nirvana, orang-utan, bushido, té, dalai-lama, sigar, djaz, zèb, bumerang, elatriye).[136] === Senbòl === Senbòl Oksidantal la ak dimansyon li yo[137] yo te chwazi an 1936 apre kèk deliberasyon ak anpil lòt senbòl pwopoze ki te gen ladann lèt stilize, yon etwal (tankou nan Esperanto ak Ido), yon solèy kouche pou reprezante solèy la nan lwès (lwès la). ), yon glòb, ak plis ankò.[138] Titil la, deja itilize pa Occidental-Union, te finalman chwazi dapre senk kritè:[139] karaktè senbolik, senplisite, orijinalite, fasil pou yo konfonn ak yon lòt senbòl, ak pou yo te bikromatik (gen de koulè) kontrèman ak polikromatik. . Pi lwen pase senk kritè yo, oksidantal yo nan epòk la referans avantaj ki genyen nan mank de yon siyifikasyon fiks pou tilde nan esfè piblik la, ak resanblans li nan yon fòm vag, ki vle di lapawòl.[139] == Literati == Pifò nan tèks yo literè nan Interlingue, tou de orijinal ak tradui, yo te pibliye nan Cosmoglotta. Lòt tèks yo te pibliye nan jounal la "Helvetia", ak lòt moun, nan yon limit pi piti, nan fòm liv. Literati entè-lang kapab divize an plizyè peryòd : * Premye peryòd ant 1921 ak 1927 * Peryòd Vyèn ant 1927 ak 1949 * Peryòd estanasyon ant 1950 ak 1999 * Renouvèlman soti nan 1999 Dènye travay literè ki te pibliye nan Interlingue la te : * ''Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas'', ekri pa Vicente Costalago e ki te pibliye 27 mas 2021<ref>[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-sercha-in-li-castelle-dewahl-e-altri-racontas/paperback/product-j2775p.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas]</ref> * ''Antologie hispan'', di [[Chabi|Vicente Costalago]] ekri pa Vicente Costalago e ki te pibliye 2021.<ref>[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/antologie-hispan/paperback/product-pmknpz.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Antologie hispan]</ref> * ''Fabules, racontas e mites'', ekri pa Vicente Costalago e ki te pibliye 2021.<ref name ="fabules">[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/fabules-contes-e-mites/paperback/product-4g6ezk.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Fabules, racontas e mites]</ref> == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://occidental-lang.com Occidental: The International Auxiliary Language] [[Kategori:Interlingue]] hsx19czgzmu5uut1ru2e3668w8hznje 804634 804633 2022-07-29T08:37:49Z Caro de Segeda 23815 /* Normalisation lang */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lingua| | lang = Interlingue | pale nan = Mondyal | moun kap pale = | lang ofisyèl = Okenn kote | gouvène pa = [[Interlingue-Union]] | iso1 = ie | iso2 = ile | iso3 = ile | kat jeyografik = }} '''Interlingue''' (an kreyòl ayisyen ː entèlang) ([interˈliŋɡwe]), ansyen '''Occidental''' ([oktsidenˈtaːl]), se yon lang oksilyè entènasyonal ki te pibliye nan lane 1922. Kreyatè li, Edgar de Wahl, envante li pou reyalize yon maksimòm tou de regilarite gramatikal ak karaktè natirèl. Vokabilè a baze sou mo ki pre-egziste ak ki soti nan divès lang ak yon sistèm derivasyon lè li sèvi avèk rekonèt prefiks ak sifiks. == Istwa ak aktivite == === Kòmansman === Edgar de Wahl te anonse kreyasyon Occidental an 1922 ak premye nimewo magazin ''Cosmoglotta'', ki te pibliye nan [[Talin]], [[Estoni]], sou non ''Kosmoglott''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1922, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=1&size=45|access-date=2021-07-24|archive-date=2021-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626092436/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=1&size=45}}</ref> Occidental se te yon pwodwi nan ane nan eksperyans pèsonèl sou non Auli (langaj oksilyè), ke li te itilize soti nan 1906 a 1921 epi ki pita vin genyen tinon prwoto-Occidental la.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&size=45&page=8|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 8|website=anno.onb.ac.at|access-date=2018-12-18|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022348/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&size=45&page=8}}</ref> De Wahl, okòmansman yon moun k ap pwononse Volapük e apre sa, li te kòmanse kreye Occidental apre vòt echwe pou refòm Esperanto an 1894.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 18|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=19&size=45|access-date=2020-12-20|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203629/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=19&size=45}}</ref> De Wahl te koresponn ak lòt kreyatè lang, pami yo matematisyen Italyen Giuseppe Peano (kreyatè Latino sine flexione), nan men li te vin gen yon apresyasyon pou seleksyon vokabilè entènasyonal li yo, ak Waldemar Rosenberger, kreyatè Idiom Neutral.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 18|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=18&size=45|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415023325/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=18&size=45|archive-date=2021-04-15|access-date=2019-01-30}}</ref> [[Fichye:Occidental-Union, Wien 1928.jpg|thumb|right|Patisipan nan yon rasanbleman Occidental nan Vyèn, 1928: Engelbert Pigal, Karl Janotta, A. Deminger, Hanns Hörbiger, Eugen Moess, Franz Houdek, Johann Robert Hörbiger.]] [[Fichye:Occidentalists in Vienna, 1927.jpg|thumb|right|Reyinyon itilizatè lang Occidental (Interlingue) nan Vyèn an 1927.]] Sou anons li an 1922, Occidental te prèske fini.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=40&size=45|title=Kosmoglott, 1925, p.40|quote=Translation: "I found the most precise sense of "-atu" for example no earlier than 1924 ... maybe with time I will also find the precise sense of "-il, -esc, -itudo", etc."|access-date=2019-02-19|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015947/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=40&size=45}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&page=15&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1947, p. 15|website=anno.onb.ac.at|access-date=2018-12-28|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021222/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&page=15&size=45}}</ref> De Wahl pa t 'gen entansyon anonse lang lan pou kèk ane, men deside akselere liberasyon li apre li te tande ke Lig Nasyon an (LON) te kòmanse yon ankèt sou kesyon an nan yon lang entènasyonal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=27|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 27|access-date=2019-01-06|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021220/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=27}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=4&size=45|title=Kosmoglott 001, 1922, p. 4|access-date=2020-08-02|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022050/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=4&size=45}}</ref> Premye piblikasyon li te ye nan Occidental, yon ti liv ki rele ''Transcendent Algebra'' pa Jacob Linzbach, te parèt yon ti tan anvan ''Kosmoglott'' debut.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://keyboardfire.com/s/transalg/|title= Transcendental Algebra|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190822222146/http://keyboardfire.com/s/transalg/|access-date= 2019-11-30|archive-date= 2019-08-22}}</ref> Occidental te kòmanse rasanble disip akòz lizibilite li, malgre yon mank total de gramè ak diksyonè.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&size=45&page=7|title=Kosmoglott, 1925, p.7|website=anno.onb.ac.at|access-date=2018-12-28|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204017/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=7&size=45|}}</ref> Dezan pita nan 1924, de Wahl te ekri ke li te koresponn ak anviwon 30 moun "nan bon Occidental" malgre mank de materyèl aprantisaj,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1924, p. 14|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1924&size=45&teil=0101&page=14|quote=Translation: "He asserts that Occidental, despite being easily readable, is very difficult to write and that one could hardly find 10 people in the world able to write it without errors. Well, with me alone there is already three times that number corresponding in good Occidental."|access-date=2019-02-07|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022346/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1924&size=45&teil=0101&page=14}}</ref> ak itilizatè lòt lang yo te kòmanse rantre nan Occidental.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jki.amu.edu.pl/files/JKI%20-%2014%20-%2009%20-%20Kuznecov[1].pdf|title="Kosmoglot" – la unua interlingvistika societo en Ruslando|access-date=2020-08-11|archive-date=2020-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922171623/http://jki.amu.edu.pl/files/JKI%20-%2014%20-%2009%20-%20Kuznecov%5B1%5D.pdf}}</ref> Premye diksyonè a, Radicarium Directiv, yon koleksyon mo rasin Occidental ak ekivalan yo nan uit lang, te pibliye ane annapre a.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wahl|first=E. de|title=Radicarium directiv del lingue international (Occidental) in 8 lingues.|date=1925|location=Tallinn|oclc=185538723}}</ref> Kosmoglott te tou yon fowòm pou plizyè lòt lang planifye, pandan ke yo te toujou ekri sitou nan Occidental. Non an te chanje nan Cosmoglotta an 1927 kòm li te kòmanse ofisyèlman pwomouvwa Occidental olye de lòt lang, e ke janvye biwo editoryal ak administratif magazin an te deplase nan katye Vyèn nan Mauer, kounye a yon pati nan Liesing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta, 1927, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=7&size=45|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204017/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=7&size=45}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1947, p. 17|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1947&size=45&page=17|access-date=2019-01-18|archive-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214174909/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1947&size=45&page=17|}}</ref> Anpil nan siksè yo byen bonè pou Occidental nan peryòd sa a te soti nan nouvo lokal santral biwo a, ansanm ak efò Engelbert Pigal, tou ki soti nan Otrich, ki gen atik Li Ovre de Edgar de Wahl (Travay Edgar de Wahl) te mennen nan enterè nan. Occidental soti nan itilizatè Ido.<ref name=":1" /> Itilizasyon an Frans te kòmanse nan 1928, ak nan kòmansman pwochen deseni kap vini an te etabli kominote Occidental la nan [[Almay]], [[Otrich]], [[Syèd]], Tchekoslovaki ak [[Swis]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Helvetia, January 1930|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&datum=1930&page=9&size=45|quote="...Occ. esset unesimli propagat per Germanes, Austrianes, Svedes, Tchecoslovacos e solmen ante du annus ha penetrat in Francia."|access-date=2020-09-04|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022218/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e1e&datum=1930&page=9&size=45}}</ref> === Peryòd Vyèn ak Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la === [[File:Postkarte Lingue international Occidental.jpg|thumb|right|Kat postal ak tèks Occidental te kreye an 1928 nan Vyèn]] Peryòd Vyèn nan te make tou pa estabilite finansye. Avèk èd de gwo sipòtè, Hans Hörbiger, ki soti tou Vyèn, ak G.A. Moore soti nan Lond, Cosmoglotta te pwospere malgre kriz ekonomik la. Apre de yo te mouri an 1931, Cosmoglotta te fòse ankò konte sou revni ki soti nan abònman ak repiblikasyon.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1937, p.79|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1937&page=80&size=45|access-date=2019-03-13|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415030229/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1937&page=80&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Mouvman k ap grandi a te kòmanse fè kanpay plis assertive pou Occidental nan kòmansman ane 1930 yo,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1933&size=45&page=22|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1933, p. 20.|access-date=2019-04-11|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024026/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1933&size=45&page=22|url-status=live}}</ref> pwofite lizibilite li nan je li lè li kontakte òganizasyon tankou konpayi, anbasad, enpresyon ak LON ak lèt ​​antyèman nan Occidental ki te souvan konprann epi reponn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=30|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1935, p. 30|access-date=2019-02-20|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415032533/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=30|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1931, p. 92|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1931&size=45&page=95|quote=Un commercial firma in Tchecoslovacia scri spontanmen al redaction: "Mi firma...opera in Italia solmen per li medium de Occidental, e to in omni romanic states. To es un miraculos fact. Vu posse scrir a omni romano in Occidental e il va comprender vor idées."|access-date=2020-10-22|archive-date=2020-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027051833/http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1931&size=45&page=95|url-status=live}}</ref> Anrejistreman oksidantal pale sou dosye gramofòn pou distribisyon yo te fè premye nan peryòd sa a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1934&size=45&page=67|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1934, p. 52.|access-date=2019-04-13|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014454/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1934&size=45&page=67|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=12|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1935, p. 12|access-date=2019-02-20|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022338/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&size=45&page=12|url-status=live}}</ref> Ane yo soti nan 1935 a 1939 yo te patikilyèman aktif pou Cosmoglotta ak yon dezyèm edisyon nan jounal la te pibliye. Orijinèlman gen tit Cosmoglotta-Informationes,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B (Cosmoglotta-Informationes), 1935, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&page=1&size=45|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203535/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&page=1&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> li te byento chanje non Cosmoglotta B, konsantre sou atik ki gen plis enterè entèn tankou pwoblèm lengwistik, rapò sou Occidental nan nouvèl la, ak mizajou finansye. Nan kòmansman ane 1936, san konte 110 nimewo Cosmoglotta ak lòt jounal ak bilten, yon total de 80 piblikasyon te egziste nan ak sou Occidental.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1936, p. 17|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&size=45&page=17|access-date=2019-02-23|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020219/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&size=45&page=17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1936, p. 38|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&size=45&page=38|access-date=2019-02-23|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020032/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1936&page=38&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Men, ane anvan Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la te poze difikilte pou oksidantal ak lòt lang ki planifye. Yo te entèdi nan Almay,[26] Otrich[27] ak Tchekoslovaki, fòse yo dispans,[28] epi kenbe yo anba siveyans pa Gestapo a,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=122|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 122|quote=English translation: The final exchange of telegrams between us was your telegram in March 1938 where you asked me if I would go to The Hague to participate in the IALA conference, and my quick negative response, not followed by a letter explaining why. You certainly had guessed the cause, but you cannot know what actually happened. Immediately after the coming of Hitler I had the "honour", as president of an international organisation, to be watched by the Gestapo, which interrogated me multiple times and searched through my house, confiscating a large part of my correspondence and my interlinguistic material."|access-date=2019-02-02|archive-date=2021-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324052338/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&size=45&page=122|url-status=live}}</ref> ki te tou detwi materyèl ansèyman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 33.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&size=45&page=33|quote=Translation: "I myself lost my entire rich Occidental-Interlingue possessions in 1936 through home raids by the infamous Gestapo...How thankful you must be to your governments which have avoided such catastrophes that our land (Germany) has suffered, one after another, for 35 years now."|access-date=2019-01-16|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024141/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1948&size=45&page=33|url-status=live}}</ref> Entèdiksyon lang oksilyè nan Almay te patikilyèman domaje paske se te kote pifò Oksidans yo t ap viv nan epòk la.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=32|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 32|access-date=2019-01-06|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024144/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&size=45&page=32|url-status=live}}</ref> Enkapasite pou aksepte peman pou abònman se te yon souflèt finansye ki te kontinye apre lagè a<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p. 11|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=11&size=45|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203603/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=11&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> ansanm ak divizyon Almay nan zòn enfliyans, se pa tout sa ki te pèmèt peman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1947, p. 107|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=99|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204211/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=99|url-status=live}}</ref> De Wahl, nan Tallinn, pa t 'kapab kominike ak Inyon Oksidantal la nan Swis soti nan 1939 rive oktòb 1947, premye akòz lagè a ak apre sa entèsepsyon nan lapòs ant Swis ak Inyon Sovyetik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1947, p. 100|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=92|access-date=2019-01-02|website=anno.onb.ac.at|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415023923/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1947&size=45&page=92|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 100|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=101&size=45|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204221/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=101&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> San okouran de sa, de Wahl te dekonprann nan mank nan repons nan lèt kontinye l 'yo; menm yon gwo koleksyon pwezi tradui an Occidental pa t janm delivre. Sèl lèt li te resevwa nan Swis te vini an 1947, li te mande Inyon Occidental la poukisa li pa t reponn okenn nan li.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1948, p. 99|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=100&size=45|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203808/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=100&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Pandan se tan, kay de Wahl ak tout bibliyotèk li te detwi pandan bonbadman Tallinn. De Wahl tèt li te nan prizon pou yon tan apre li te refize kite Estoni pou Almay, epi pita te pran refij nan yon lopital sikyatrik kote li te viv lavi l '.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|quote="Post la okupo de Tallinn per sovetia armeo estis deportita kaj malaperinta la edzino de De Wahl, lia domo komplete forbruliĝis dum bombardado, detruiĝis lia riĉa biblioteko kaj manuskriptoj. Post la alveno de naziaj trupoj De Wahl rifuzis translokiĝon al Germanio kaj estis enkarcerigita. Por savi lin, liaj amikoj lasis proklami lin mense malsana. En la jaro 1944, 77-jaraĝa, li eniris sanatorion Seewald apud Tallinn kaj restis tie ankaŭ post la milito, ne havante propran loĝejon"|access-date=2019-01-22|archive-date=2019-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1948, p. 98|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=99&size=45|access-date=2020-12-15|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203805/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1948&page=99&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Epidemi lagè a nan 1939 te mete yon kanpe nan piblikasyon tou de Cosmoglottas jiska 1940, men nan 1941 Cosmoglotta B te kòmanse piblikasyon yon lòt fwa ankò epi li te kontinye jiska 1950.<ref name=":3" /> Yon edisyon swa Cosmoglotta A oswa B te pibliye chak mwa ant janvye 1937 ak septanm 1939, ak Lè sa a (apre chòk inisyal lagè a) chak mwa soti nan septanm 1941 jiska jen 1951.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=73&size=45|title=Plan de aparition de KOSMOGLOTT 1922–1926 e COSMOGLOTTA 1927–1972 (Austrian National Library)|access-date=2019-01-28|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025601/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=73&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Pandan lagè a, sèlman moun ki nan net Swis ak Syèd te kapab konplètman konsakre tèt yo nan lang nan, pote sou aktivite semi-ofisyèlman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1941, p. 1|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1941&page=1&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183239/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1941&page=1&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1943, p. 85|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185453/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45}}</ref> Pandan lagè a, oksidantal yo te remake ke lang yo te souvan pèmèt yo voye pa telegram andedan ak deyò nan Swis (espesyalman pou ale ak soti nan Syèd)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p.8.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=8&size=45|access-date=2018-12-22|website=anno.onb.ac.at|quote=English translation: "At the assembly of the Swiss Association for Occidental in Bienne it was noted with satisfaction that despite the war the cooperation at least with the Swedish worldlanguage friends was always able to be maintained, in that the letters and telegrams written in Occidental passed by the censors without problem."|archive-date=2021-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207153229/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=8&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> menm san rekonesans ofisyèl, sipoze ke sansi yo te kapab konprann li <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=6&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1943, p. 6 |access-date=2018-12-10 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024228/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=6&size=45 |url-status=live }}</ref> te panse yo te ekri an Panyòl oswa Romansch<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=15&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 15 |access-date=2018-12-10 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021903/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=15&size=45 |url-status=live }}</ref> (yon ti lang romans men ofisyèl nan Swis). Sa te pèmèt kèk kominikasyon pran plas ant Oksidantal yo nan Swis ak Syèd. Lòt sant aktivite Oksidantal yo an Ewòp pa t byen mache, ak stock materyèl etid nan Vyèn ak Tallinn te detwi nan bonbadman<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=9&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p.9|website=anno.onb.ac.at|access-date=2018-12-22|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020703/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1946&page=9&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> ak anpil Oksidansyen te voye nan kan konsantrasyon nan Almay ak Tchekoslovaki.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 119.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45|access-date=2018-12-22|website=anno.onb.ac.at|quote=English translation: "When I arrived in Prague after my escape from the concentration of Leitmeritz, I had literally nothing except a ragged prison uniform, the so-called "pyjama" of the prison camps...Soon after I arrived in Prague I published an ad to search friends of the international language..."|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203639/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 83.|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=83&size=45|access-date=2018-12-22|website=anno.onb.ac.at|quote=English translation: "The letters from France are starting to arrive in Switzerland. Especially appreciated are those from Mr. Lerond, a teacher in Bréville tra Donville (Manche) and from Mr. René Chabaud, who happily returned safe and sound from a prison camp in Germany."|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022910/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=83&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Kontak yo te retabli yon ti tan apre lagè pa moun ki te rete yo, ak lèt ​​ki soti nan peyi tankou Lafrans, Tchekoslovaki, Fenlann ak Grann Bretay rive nan Cosmoglotta. Ekriven yo te di ke yo te pare yo kòmanse aktivite yon lòt fwa pou lang nan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946, p. 108|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=108&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-01|archive-date=2021-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801150349/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=108&size=45}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1946. p. 119-120|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45|url-status=live|access-date=2020-12-17|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203639/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=119&size=45}}</ref> Cosmoglotta te gen abonnés nan 58 vil nan Swis<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=24&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 24 |access-date=2018-12-10 |archive-date=2021-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330075537/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=24&size=45 |url-status=live }}</ref> kèk mwa anvan fen Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la an Ewòp, ak Cosmoglotta A te kòmanse piblikasyon ankò an 1946.<ref name=":3" /> === Normalisation lang === Pandan lagè a anpil Oksidantalis te pran estandadize lang lan.<ref name=":15" /> De Wahl te kreye Occidental ak yon kantite karakteristik ki pa chanje, men li te kwè ke swiv li nan "lwa lavi yo" te ba li yon baz ase fèm ke li te kapab swiv yon "evolisyon natirèl"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1922, p. 65|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=65&size=45|access-date=2020-12-16|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203337/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1922&page=65&size=45}}</ref> ak yon fleksibilite ki ta "pèmèt tan. ak pratik yo pran swen modifikasyon ki ta pwouve ke yo nesesè".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 95|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=103&size=45|access-date=2020-08-22|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020154/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&size=45&page=103}}</ref> Kòm yon rezilta, kèk mo te gen plis pase yon fòm akseptab, ki pa t 'kapab rezoud pa dekrè sèlman, kidonk kite desizyon final la nan kominote a lè yo enkli tou de fòm posib nan premye diksyonè oksidantal yo.<ref>[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=3&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 3:] {{Wayback|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&page=3&size=45 |date=20210415020331 }} Tradiksyon: "Pou kèk santèn mo entènasyonal gen de fòm ant ki pa fasil pou konnen kiyès ki pi bon. E. de Wahl te ekri sajès tou de nan premye diksyonè yo, ak entansyon pou kite pratik pran desizyon an."</ref> Yon egzanp te konsène vèb ''scrir'' (ekri) ak yon posib lòt fòm ''scripter'', kòm tou de te kreye derivasyon entènasyonalman rekonèt: ''scritura'' ak ''scritor'' soti nan ''scrir'', oswa ''scriptura'' ak ''scriptor'' soti nan ''scripter''.<ref name=":16" /> De Wahl te eksprime yon preferans pou ''scrir'', li te jwenn ''scripter'' yon ti jan lou, men kòmante ke lèt la te sètènman akseptab e ke Occidental ta ka pran yon evolisyon menm jan ak lang natirèl kote tou de fòm yo vin an komen, ak fòm ki pi long la gen yon evolisyon. karaktè pi lou ak fòmèl ak pi kout la fòme yon ton pi lejè ak plis chak jou (tankou ''history'' vs story''nan angle).<ref name=":16">{{Cite book|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=14&size=45|title=Kosmoglott, 1925, p. 14|date=May 1925|access-date=2020-12-16|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203618/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1925&page=14&size=45}}</ref> Òtograf se te yon lòt zòn kote plizyè posiblite te egziste, sètadi òtograf etimolojik (''adtractiv'', ''opression''), òtograf istorik (''attractiv'', ''oppression''), oswa òtograf senplifye (''attractiv'', ''opression'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=66&size=45 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1944, p. 66 |access-date=2018-12-07 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014651/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=66&size=45 }}</ref> Premye opsyon a pa t janm itilize, epi òtograf senplifye a te vin tounen estanda an 1939.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schmidt|first=Dr. Thomas|title=GROSSES MODERNES WÖRTERBUCH INTERLINGUE (OCCIDENTAL) - DEUTSCH|year=2020|location=Berlin|pages=2|quote=Von seiner Entstehung bis zum Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkrieges 1939 wurde die Rechtschreibung der Sprache deutlich vereinfacht. Diese sogenannte „simplificat ortografie“ löste die alte „historic ortografie“ ab.}}</ref> Anpil nan estandadize lang lan te akonpli nan fason sa a atravè preferans kominote a (pa egzanp, yo te pwopoze ni ''ac''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosmoglott, 1926, p. 52|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1926&page=52&size=45|access-date=2019-02-27|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415024147/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1926&page=52&size=45}}</ref> ni ''anc'' pou mo "tou", men kominote a byen vit etabli sou ''anc''), men li pa t 'tout fason sa a. Avèk dout ki rete sou fòm ofisyèl kèk mo ak mank de materyèl jeneral ki gen entansyon pou piblik la an jeneral,<ref name="Sin-nombre-p2Ul-1">{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1938, p. 82|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1938&size=45&page=71|access-date=2019-03-23|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015942/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1938&size=45&page=71}}</ref> anpil tan te pase pandan Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la nan estandadize lang nan ak kreye kou, ak akòz kontinyasyon lagè a, nan mwa Out. 1943 yo pran desizyon pou kreye yon akademi pwovizwa pou rann pwosesis sa a ofisyèl.<ref name=":15">[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1943, p. 85:] {{Wayback|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1943&page=85&size=45 |date=20210415024913 }} English translation: "Because the president and secretary of the Academy are located in countries in a state of war, the leading Occidentalists of the neutral countries, Switzerland and Sweden, believe it necessary to set up an INTERIM ACADEMY which will function until the other will be able to resume its work. The decisions of this interim academy will be '''conditional''', i.e.: must be validated by the regular Academy after the war, and due to that it will deliver to it all documents justifying its decisions, with detailed reasons."</ref> Pwosesis sa a te jis kòmanse pa lontan anvan lagè a, e Swis yo te twouve yo izole de rès kontinan an, te chwazi pou konsantre sou materyèl enstriksyon yo te pare nan fen lagè a.<ref name="Sin-nombre-p2Ul-1"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1939, p. 1|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1939&page=1&size=45|access-date=2019-03-24|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415033016/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1939&page=1&size=45}}</ref> Lè yo fè sa, yo souvan jwenn tèt yo konfwonte ak yon chwa ant de "teyorikman egalman bon" fòm ki te rete nan itilizasyon popilè, men ki gen prezans ta ka konfizyon yon nouvo moun k ap aprann lang nan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&size=45&page=49 |title=Cosmoglotta B, 1945, p. 49 |access-date=2018-12-13 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415021844/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1945&size=45&page=49 }}</ref> Akademi an te kenbe efò normalisation yo ta baze sou itilizasyon aktyèl la, ki deklare ke: {{Quote|...standardizasyon lang lan gen limit natirèl. 'Normalize' lang lan pa vle di abitrèman rann youn nan solisyon posib yo ofisyèl epi rejte lòt yo kòm endezirab ak enèvan. Se sèlman solisyon ki te deja sipòte pa pratik yo estanda."<ref>[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=67&size=45 Cosmoglotta B, 1944, p. 67:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415020828/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1944&page=67&size=45 |date=2021-04-15 }} "...li standardisation del lingue have su natural límites. "Standardisar li lingue ne significa arbitrarimen oficialisar un del solutiones possibil e rejecter li altris quam índesirabil e genant. On standardisa solmen solutiones queles ja ha esset sanctionat per li practica."</ref>}} === IALA, Interlingua, ak chanjman non an Interlingue === Asosyasyon Lang Oksilyè Entènasyonal (IALA), ki te fonde an 1924[61] pou etidye ak detèmine pi bon lang ki te planifye pou kominikasyon entènasyonal la, te okòmansman te wè ak sispèk pa kominote oksidantal la. Ko-fondatè Alice Vanderbilt Morris se te yon Esperantis, menm jan ak anpil nan anplwaye li yo,[62] ak anpil Oksidantal ki gen ladan de Wahl li menm[62] te kwè ke lidèchip li anba Esperantis William Edward Collinson vle di ke li te mete kanpe ak yon anplwaye. nan lengwis pwofesyonèl anba yon pretèks net ak syantifik pou ranfòse yon rekòmandasyon final pou Esperanto. Sepandan, byento, relasyon yo te amelyore, paske li te vin klè ke IALA te gen entansyon vin enpasyal ke posib nan familyarize tèt li ak tout lang ki te planifye ki egziste deja. Ric Berger, yon Oksidantal enpòtan ki te vin antre nan Interlingua nan ane 1950 yo, te fè yon vizit pèsonèl nan Morris an 1935 kote li menm ak mari l te montre yon kiryozite pou Occidental epi envite l pou l pale nan lang nan, sa ki te amelyore anpil opinyon Berger sou òganizasyon an. [63] An 1945, IALA te anonse ke li te planifye pou kreye pwòp lang li epi li te montre kat vèsyon posib anba konsiderasyon, yo tout yo te natiralistik[64] kòm opoze ak chema. An jeneral, oksidantal yo te kontan dèske IALA te deside kreye yon lang ki sanble nati konsa ak oksidantal, yo te wè li kòm yon asosyasyon kredib ki te bay diskisyon yo enpòtan pou yon lang oksilyè ta dwe soti nan etid lang natirèl olye pou yo eseye anfòm. yo nan yon sistèm atifisyèl. Ric Berger te patikilyèman pozitif nan dekri lang kap vini an kòm yon viktwa pou lekòl natirèl la[64] ak "prèske menm lang lan" an 1948.[65] Berger te toujou gen rezèvasyon, sepandan, dout si yon pwojè ki gen yon aspè ak estrikti menm jan an ta kapab "toudenkou lakòz prejije [kont lang planifye] tonbe epi kreye inite nan mitan patizan yo nan lang entènasyonal yo".[66] Berger te pè tou ke li ta ka tou senpleman "dispèse patizan yo nan lang natirèl la san anyen pa montre pou li" apre Occidental te kreye "inite nan lekòl la naturalistik" pou lontan.[66] Pandan ke de lang yo te gen 90 pousan vokabilè ki idantik[67] san diferans òtograf yo te pran an konsiderasyon (egzanp ak filosofie ak filozofi konsidere kòm menm mo a), estriktirèl ak derivasyon yo te trè diferan. Règ De Wahl nan Occidental te sitou elimine vèb laten doub tij (vèb tankou aji: ager, aji- oswa voye: mitter, miss-), alòske Interlingua te senpleman aksepte yo kòm yon pati ak pati nan yon sistèm natirèl.[68] Lang kontwòl yo (Italyen, Panyòl ak/oswa Pòtigè, Fransè, Angle) itilize pa Interlingua pou fòme vokabilè li yo anplis mande pou yo jwenn yon mo elijib nan twa lang sous ("règ twa a"),[69] ki ta konfli ak substra jèrmanik Occidental la ak divès lòt mo ki ta pa elijib pa definisyon nan yon lang inifye ki te kenbe metodoloji Interlingua a. Interlingua te pèmèt tou opsyonèl konjigezon vèbal iregilye tankou so, pitit gason ak sia kòm premye moun sengilye, twazyèm-person pliryèl ak konjonktif fòm esser, vèb 'yo dwe'.[70] Occidental te tou toujou refè apre lagè a. Cosmoglotta te kontinye rapòte nan 1946 sou ki moun ki te siviv lagè a, ki moun ki nan mitan yo te pare yo patisipe ankò ak moun ki te toujou soti nan kontak.[71][72] Magazin nan te gen anpil presyon sou finansman pa depans enprime apre lagè a ak enkapasite li nan kolekte peman nan sèten peyi,[73] yon kontras ki make ak IALA ki byen finanse[74] ki baze nan New York.[75] Politik entènasyonal te yon lòt difikilte pou Oksidantalis apre lagè a. Kòmansman Gè Fwad la te kreye yon sitiyasyon alèz pou Inyon-Occidental la,[76][77][78] ki gen non malerezman kowenside ak sa yo ki nan yon lig politik anti-Ris; Oksidantal Swis yo te kwè se poutèt sa tout lèt de Wahl te soti nan Tallinn te entèsepte.[79] De Wahl te rete inyorans de devlopman nan lang ak pwopozisyon an pou tout rès lavi l '.[80] Nan kòmansman ane 1948, Oksidansyen Tchekoslovak yo te kòmanse mande yon nouvo non ki ta pèmèt yo kontinye aktivite lengwistik yo san sispèk, yo te pwopoze non Interal (International auxiliari lingue), a ke sendika a te reponn ke tèm Interlingue a ta pi apwopwiye ak yo. yo te lib pou prezante lang lan kòm "Interlingue (Occidental)", oswa menm retire mansyone nan Occidental nan parantèz si yo te vle.[81] Ric Berger te kòmanse defann yon chanjman nan non soti nan Occidental a Interlingue an 1948[82] ki li te espere tou ta ede nan yon fizyon ant de lang yo.[83] Vòt ofisyèl sou chanjman non an nan Interlingue te fèt an 1949 epi yo te pase ak 91 pousan sipò, ki fè non ofisyèl la Interlingue, ak Interlingue (Occidental) tou pèmèt, kòmanse septanm 1949.[84] Premye Interlingua an 1951 te febli Interlingue-Occidental, ki jouk lè sa a pa t gen konteste nan domèn lang oksilyè planifikasyon natirèl. Pèsepsyon Vĕra Barandovská-Frank te genyen sou sitiyasyon an nan moman an te jan sa a (tradui soti nan Esperanto): : ''Nan domèn lang planifikasyon natiralistik Occidental-Interlingue te jis nan moman sa a pa te konteste (sitou apre lanmò Otto Jespersen, otè Novial), paske tout nouvo pwojè yo te prèske imitasyon li. Sa te aplike pou Interlingua tou, men li te pote avèk li yon diksyonè 27 000 mo lengwis pwofesyonèl mete ansanm ki te pote anpil respè, malgre nan prensip sèlman konfime chemen De Wahl te kòmanse a. [...] Nan sikonstans sa yo efò Ric Berger te fè pou deplase tout itilizatè Interlingue an masse nan Interlingua de IALA te yon chòk. Erezi li te lakòz dout ak entèripsyon nan sèk Interlingue, sitou apre li te vin patisipe nan piblikasyon "Revista de Interlingua". Lide ansyen nan yon fizyon natirèl nan tou de lang yo te montre yo te ireyèl, ak nouvo lang nan vin tounen yon rival li''.[85][86] Don Harlow menm jan an rezime ane 1951 pou Occidental: : ''Interlingua te gen yon sikonskripsyon pare. Prèske trant ane te pase depi kreyasyon Oksidantal, ki gen fòs nan monn "naturalis" la te anpeche lòt pwojè "naturalis" devlope pwòp mouvman yo. Men zetwal Occidental la te bese depi lagè a. Kounye a, tankou yon boulon ki soti nan ble a, te vini kado syèl la te voye sa a: yon nouvo lang konstwi menm plis "naturalistik" pase oksidantal. Malgre tout tantativ patizan oksidantal yo te fè pou evite inevitab la - pa egzanp, ak taktik tankou chanje non lang yo Interlingue - pifò oksidantis ki te rete yo te fè yon pelerinaj kout nan chapèl Interlingua''.[74] === Sispann ak renesans === Pandan ke migrasyon an nan anpil itilizatè yo nan Interlingua te febli anpil Interlingue, gout nan aktivite ki te vini an te piti piti e li te fèt sou plizyè deseni.[87] Cosmoglotta B sispann piblikasyon apre 1950, ak frekans Cosmoglotta A te kòmanse piti piti piti: yon fwa chak dezyèm mwa apati 1952, ak Lè sa a, yon fwa pou chak trimès soti nan 1963.[39] Lòt bilten nan Interlingue te kontinye parèt pandan tan sa a tankou ''Cive del Munde'' ([[Swis]]), ''Voce de Praha'' ([[Tchekoslovaki]]), ''Sved Interlinguist'' ([[Syèd]]), ''International Memorandum'' ([[Wayòm Ini]]), ''Interlinguistic Novas'' ([[Frans]]), ''Jurnal Scolari International'' ([[Frans]]), ''Buletine Pedagogic International'' (Frans), ''Super li Frontieras'' (Frans), ''Interlingue-Postillon'' (1958, Almay), ''Novas de Oriente'' (1958, Japon), ''Amicitie european'' (1959, Swis), ''Teorie e practice'' (Swis-Tchekoslovaki, 1967), ak ''Novas in Interlingue'' (Tchekoslovaki, 1971).<ref name=":4" /> Barandovská-Frank te kwè ke reflu nan enterè nan Occidental-Interlingue te fèt an konsè ak aje nan jenerasyon an ki te premye trase nan li soti nan lòt lang planifye: : ''Pifò nan moun ki enterese nan Interlingue te fè pati jenerasyon an ki te vin konnen alafwa ak Volapük, Esperanto ak Ido, pita sou jwenn solisyon ki pi estetik (esansyèlman natiralistik) nan Occidental-Interlingue. Answit, anpil moun te deplase nan Interlingua IALA a, ki sepandan pa t pwouve yo te gen plis siksè malgre enpresyon orijin syantifik li te fè, e moun ki te rete fidèl a Occidental-Interlingue pa t reyisi bay antouzyasm yo bay yon nouvo jenerasyon''.<ref name=":4" /> Aktivite nan Interlingue te rive nan yon ba pandan ane 1980 yo ak kòmansman ane 1990 yo, lè piblikasyon Cosmoglotta te sispann pou kèk ane. Pandan ke nimewo 269 te pibliye an 1972 apre yo fin pibliye yon fwa pa sezon ant 1963,<ref name=":3" /> nimewo 289 pa te rive jiska ete 2000<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, Summer 2000|url=http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/Cg289/cg289.htm|access-date=2018-12-13|archive-date=2021-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922200525/http://cosmoglotta.narod.ru/Cg289/cg289.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> pou yon mwayèn de mwens pase yon nimewo chak ane. Dapre Harlow, "an 1985, dènye peryodik Occidental la, Cosmoglotta, te sispann piblikasyon, epi editè li a, Mesye Adrian Pilgrim, yo site kòm li te dekri Occidental kòm yon 'lang mò.'"<ref name="harlow2000" /> Yon dekad apre, yon fim dokimantè nan 1994 pa Steve Hawley ak Steyger sou lang ki planifye te entwodui Donald Gasper, oratè Interlingue, kòm "youn nan dènye moun ki rete nan lang oksidantal la". Menm jan ak lòt lang ki te planifye yo, arive Entènèt la te ankouraje Interlingue renesans<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Barandovská-Frank|first=Vĕra|title=Latinidaj planlingvoj (AIS-kurso, 1 studunuo)|url=http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|access-date=2019-01-22|archive-date=2019-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010131/http://interl.home.amu.edu.pl/interlingvistiko/Barandovska_Latinidaj_planlingvoj.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>. Nan ane 1999 premye Yahoo! Gwoup nan Occidental te fonde, Cosmoglotta te kòmanse pibliye tanzantan ankò, ak lang nan te vin yon sijè nan diskisyon nan literati sou lang oksilyè.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/historie.html|access-date=2019-01-30|website=www.ie-munde.com|archive-date=2019-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130162516/https://www.ie-munde.com/historie.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yon egzanp se Liv Esperanto ki te pibliye an 1995 pa Harlow, ki te ekri ke Occidental te gen yon anfaz entansyonèl sou fòm Ewopeyen yo e ke kèk nan dirijan patizan li yo te adopte yon filozofi ewosantrik, ki te kapab anpeche pwopagasyon li.<ref name="harlow2000" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 33|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=39&size=45|access-date=2020-12-20|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203551/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=39&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Toujou, opinyon opoze a<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 64|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=68&size=45|quote=Yo confesse que yo vide poc in li Europan cultura del ultim 1900 annus quel es tam remarcabilmen preciosi. To quo es max visibil es tyrannie, oppression, guerres e nigri superstition.|access-date=2020-10-18|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014456/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=68&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1949, p.108|url=http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131845221/Cosmoglotta%20A%20149%20%28oct%201949%29|quote=In ti témpor yo esset in Sydney, e pro que yo havet grand interesse por li indigenes e volet converter mi blanc fratres a un bon opinion pri ili, yo scrit in li presse pri ti heroic action e comparat li brutalitá del blanc rasse con li conciliantie e self-sacrificie del negros.|access-date=2020-10-18|archive-date=2020-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724141051/http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/131845221/Cosmoglotta%20A%20149%20%28oct%201949%29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> te komen tou nan kominote a ak Occidental te vin aderan nan anpil nasyon ki gen ladan nasyon Azyatik yo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1937|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1937&size=45&page=114|quote=JAPAN: Kokusaigo-Kenkyusho, Daita 11-784, Setagaya, TOKIO (Pch. Tokio 62 061)|access-date=2019-01-29|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015404/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1937&size=45&page=114|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1958, p. 66, 77|website=[[GitHub]]|url=https://github.com/occidental-lang/occidental-lang.github.io/blob/master/resources/Cosmoglotta_V_1958.pdf|access-date=2020-12-22|archive-date=2021-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915114204/https://github.com/occidental-lang/occidental-lang.github.io/blob/master/resources/Cosmoglotta_V_1958.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Yon Wikipedya Interlingue te apwouve an 2004. Nan dènye ane yo, reyinyon ofisyèl moun ki pale entèlingue yo te rekòmanse: youn nan Ulm an 2013,<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Litt incontra in Ulm.|journal=IE-MUNDE (Revúe in Interlingue-Occidental) Numeró 7 – Octobre 2013}}</ref> yon lòt nan Minik nan 2014 ak twa patisipan,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/incontra-de-interlingue-7-im-de-april-2014-in-muenchen.html|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|website=www.ie-munde.com|access-date=2019-01-30|archive-date=2019-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130162556/https://www.ie-munde.com/incontra-de-interlingue-7-im-de-april-2014-in-muenchen.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ak yon twazyèm nan Ulm ane kap vini an ak senk.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=TRIESIM MINI-INCONTRA DE INTERLINGUE|journal=IE-MUNDE (Revúe in Interlingue-Occidental) Numeró 11 – Octobre 2015}}</ref> Dènye ane yo te montre nouvo liv ki te pibliye nan Interlingue tankou Ti Prens la,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/textus-in-interlingue.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=www.ie-munde.com}}</ref> Levanjil Mak la,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=IE-Munde – Jurnal e information pri Interlingue (Occidental)|url=https://www.ie-munde.com/textus-in-interlingue.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=www.ie-munde.com}}</ref> Salute, Jonathan!<ref>[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan! Salute, Jonathan!]</ref>, ak zèv Vicente Costalago: ''Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas''<ref>[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-sercha-in-li-castelle-dewahl-e-altri-racontas/paperback/product-j2775p.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas]</ref>, ''Antologie hispan''<ref name ="antologie">[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/antologie-hispan/paperback/product-pmknpz.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Antologie hispan]</ref>, ''Fabules, rakontas e mites''<ref name ="fabules">[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/fabules-contes-e-mites/paperback/product-4g6ezk.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Fabules, racontas e mites]</ref> ak ''Li tresor de Fluvglant''<ref>[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-tresor-de-fluvglant/paperback/product-8grj8y.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Li tresor de Fluvglant]</ref>. == Filozofi langaj == [[File:Werbemarke für die Plansprache Occidental (Interlingue).jpg|thumb|Sticker soti nan 1930 te kreye pou mete aksan sou lizibilite a premye je: Li lingue quel vu comprende (Lang ou konprann) ak Occidental propaga se self (Occidental ankouraje tèt li).]] De Wahl te premye entwodui lang planifye atravè [[Volapük]], yon lang oksilyè entènasyonal ki te pibliye an 1879. De Wahl te fini vin youn nan itilizatè yo pi bonè nan [[Esperanto]] (''la lingvo internacia''), ke li te rankontre pou premye fwa an 1888 pandan peryòd li kòm yon Volapükist e pou ki li te nan pwosesis pou konpoze yon diksyonè nan tèm maren.<ref name=":9" /> Li te vin tounen yon patizan fervan nan Esperanto pandan plizyè ane kote li te kolabore ak Zamenhof sou kèk pati nan konsepsyon lang nan<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1927, p. 56|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=62&size=45|access-date=2020-12-20|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204208/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1927&page=62&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> e li te tradui youn nan premye zèv yo an Esperanto: "Princidino Mary", te pibliye an 1889. orijinèlman anba non Princino Mary. Li te rete yon Esperantis jiska 1894 lè vòt pou refòm Esperanto echwe; li te youn nan de jis ki te vote ni pou Esperanto san chanje, ni pou refòm ki te pwopoze pa Zamenhof, men pou yon refòm konplètman nouvo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=19&size=45|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1946, p. 19|access-date=2019-01-30|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203629/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1946&page=19&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Occidental pa t ap anonse pou yon 28 ane konplè apre de Wahl te abandone Esperanto, yon peryòd kote li te pase travay ak lòt kreyatè lang ap eseye devlope yon sistèm ki konbine natiralism ak regilarite, yon konbinezon ki te vin tounen yon pwen vann souvan referans nan la. pwomosyon oksidantal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1929, p. 101|quote=Inter omni projectes, Occidental es li sol quel in altissim gradu ha penat satisfar li amalgamation del du quasi contradictori postulates: regularitá e naturalitá.|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=105&size=45|access-date=2021-05-11|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511090145/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=105&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1938, p. 64|quote=Do secun li principies fundamental de Occidental: «junter quant possibil regularitá e naturalitá», just li form «radica» es li sol rect e apt por ti parol.|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1938&page=53&size=45|access-date=2021-05-11|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511090144/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1938&page=53&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1929, p. 76|quote=Nu, si li europan popules va un die introducter un tal radical ortografic reforma in su lingues quam li turcos, it va esser natural que anc li lingue international va secuer ti reforma, ma til tande, noi pensa, noi have ancor sufficent témpor e prefere ne chocar li publica e destructer li etymologie, do li regularitá e naturalitá.|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&size=45&page=80|access-date=2021-05-11|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511090131/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&size=45&page=80|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta A, 1929, p. 10|quote=Qui in li divers revues interlinguistic...retrosecue li labores de Wahl til lor origines, ti va constatar, que li autor de Occidental ja in su unesim publicationes esset un consecuent representant e protagonist del strict naturalitá del futuri lingue international; ma in contrast a altri interlinguistes del camp naturalistic, Wahl ha sempre accentuat que ti ci naturalitá deve accordar con plen regularitá del structura del lingue.|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=14&size=45|access-date=2021-05-11|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511090137/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&datum=1929&page=14&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cosmoglotta B, 1935, p. 14|quote=Occidental esset publicat de Prof. E. de Wahl in 1922. It ha monstrat nos que li vocabularium del grand lingues de civilisation posse esser regularisat per un sistema de derivation admirabilmen simplic, sin arbitrari formes, sin inventet regules». Pro to Occidental es un excellent combination de naturalitá e regularitá. Ti du caracteres merita esser expresset in li insigne e yo proposi representar ti du atributes per li equigambi rect-triangul sur li diametre de un circul. Li equigambie expresse que li naturalitá e li regularitá esset tractat con egal cuidas per sr. de Wahl.|url=https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&page=14&size=45|access-date=2021-05-11|archive-date=2021-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512060218/https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0m&datum=1935&page=14&size=45|url-status=live}}</ref> Pami moun de Wahl te travay avèk yo pandan y ap devlope Occidental te genyen Waldemar Rosenberger (Idiom Neutral), Julius Lott (Mundolingue), ak Antoni Grabowski (Modèn Latin pou yon tan, anvan li retounen nan Esperanto).[113][4] Metòd "patizan natiralism" sa yo t'ap chache a se te distilasyon mo ki egziste deja yo nan pati yo pou jwenn rasin entènasyonal yo anndan yo (tankou natiralizasyon nan nat-ur-al-is-ation), answit itilize nan lòt mo pou kenbe. mo rasin nan yon minimòm pandan w ap kenbe yon aparans natirèl.[114] Dekonpozisyon mo ki egziste deja yo te bay yon gwo kantite afiks. Pa egzanp, jis sa yo itilize pou fòme non ki refere a yon kalite moun se jan sa a: -er- (molinero – miller), -or- (redakteur – editè), -ari- (milyonè – milyonè), -on- ( espyon, espyon), -ard (mentard, mantè), -astr- (poetastro, powèt move), -es (franceso, franse), -essa (reyessa, larenn). Dapre de Wahl, li te toujou pi bon pou chwazi yon sifiks pwodiktif pase pou yo fòse yo envante nouvo mo soti nan radikal konplètman nouvo pita sou.[115] Anplis de sa, règ de Wahl te devlope pita pèmèt pou sòti regilye soti nan vèb laten doub-tij.[116] Delegasyon pou Adopsyon yon Lang Oksilyè Entènasyonal, yon gwoup akademisyen ki te fòme pou etidye pwoblèm yon lang entènasyonal e ki te rekòmande Esperanto ak refòm (ki mennen nan lang ke yo rele Ido), te fèt an 1907 anvan Occidental te anonse. Konsa, de Wahl te chwazi voye yon memorandòm prensip ki baze sou yon lang entènasyonal, yon memorandòm ki te rive apre komite a te deja ajourne.[117] Li te sèlman te note an pasan pa Louis Couturat, ki te deja abitye ak de Wahl ak kolaboratè li yo. Prensip yo ki endike nan memorandòm nan lis nan yon demann pou komite a deklare:[118] # ke okenn nan sistèm ki ekziste yo pa satisfezan; # ke lang entènasyonal pou konstwi a ta dwe baze sou materyèl entènasyonal; # ke li ta dwe gen yon sistèm egzak nan fòmasyon nan mo ki, pa pwòp règ li yo, jwenn mo ki vrèman entènasyonal; # ke li ta dwe gen yon gramè natirèl ki pa pwodui fòm ki pa natirèl; # ke li ta dwe gen yon òtograf entènasyonal. De Wahl pibliye an 1922 yon modifikasyon nan prensip Otto Jespersen ki di "Sa a lang entènasyonal pi bon ki nan chak pwen ofri pi gwo fasilite a pi gwo kantite a",[119] ki deklare ke lang entènasyonal la ta dwe pi fasil pou majorite moun ki bezwen. li (lit. ki moun ki dwe aplike li),[120] oswa nan lòt mo moun ki bezwen li nan relasyon entènasyonal yo.[121] De Wahl te kwè ke kantite moun ki pale yo pa t toujou bezwen pran an konsiderasyon, patikilyèman nan domèn espesyalize tankou botanik kote pou egzanp tèm Oenethera biennis (yon kalite plant) ta dwe aplike san okenn chanjman nan yon lang entènasyonal menm si tout popilasyon mondyal la nan botanik, moun ki pi souvan abitye ak ki gen anpil chans sèvi ak mo a, pa t 'depase 10,000.[120] Sa a tou implique ke mo ki fè pati kilti patikilye yo ta dwe enpòte san modifikasyon, ki De Wahl kwè te pote nouvo lide ki gen valè nan kilti Ewopeyen an ki te vin "malad" apre Premye Gè Mondyal la. Li te site tèm yo karma, ko-tau (kowtow). , geisha, ak mahdí an 1924 kòm egzanp sa yo ki pa ta dwe mete nan yon "korse vokal"[95] nan tèminezon obligatwa (egzanp karmo, koŭtoŭo, gejŝo, madho nan Esperanto) lè yo enpòte nan lang entènasyonal la: : ''Mo sa yo, toujou pa gwo kantite, te wè yon gwo ogmantasyon nan syèk ki sot pase a, ak nan tan kap vini an ap grandi nan pwopòsyon tèt nèg lè, atravè kominikasyon entènasyonal, lide yo nan kilti ki estab Oriental yo pral inonde ak enfliyanse Ewòp la malad, ki se. kounye a pèdi ekilib li. Epi plis mo yo gate, se plis ide yo reprezante yo pral gate.[95]'' Nan yon atik sou devlopman nan fiti lang, de Wahl te ekri an 1927 ke akòz dominasyon Ewopeyen an nan syans yo ak lòt domèn Occidental te mande pou yon fòm ak derivasyon rekonèt pou Ewopeyen yo, men ke li ta dwe tou ekipe ak yon estrikti gramatikal ki kapab pran. sou plis analyse, fòm ki pa sòti nan tan kap vini an (tankou ekivalan "bake man" pou baker oswa "wise way" pou sajès) si tandans lengwistik atravè lemond yo te kòmanse montre yon preferans pou yo.[122] De Wahl te kwè ke te gen yon bon balans yo dwe kenbe ant regilarite schematic kont natiralism nan yon lang entènasyonal, kote twòp nan ansyen an ka pratik pou elèv k ap aprann bonè a men degoutan pou yon oratè, ak vis vèrsa: :''Eksepsyon yo pa fè pou fè etid pi difisil pou etranje, men pou fè pale pi kout ak pi likid [...] Li klè ke nan lang sa a kòm youn ki pi enpèsonèl, abstrè ak biznis nan tout, regilarite pral pi plis ak plis. elaji pase nan tout lòt lang nasyonal ak tribi ak idiom. Men, li p'ap janm ka rive jwenn yon chematism total [...] Epitou isit la solisyon reyèl la pral yon amonizasyon nan de prensip kontrè yo. Li mande pénétration sansib nan nesesite reyèl la nan ensten an nan superpopulasyon entènasyonal la."[123]'' Pandan ke prensipalman Romans nan vokabilè,[124][125][126] de Wahl te chwazi pou yon gwo substra jèrmanik ki li te santi li te plis ekspresyon pou vokabilè teknik ak materyèl (pwòp tèt ou, ost (lès), svimmar (naje), bab panyòl, elatriye), ak vokabilè romans ak grèk ki pi apwopwiye nan derivasyon mo entènasyonal yo (fémina pou fanm fòme feminen, can pou chen fòme canin (kanin), elatriye) ansanm ak konsepsyon mantal, kòporèl ak natirèl.[127] ] Ti lang romans tankou Laden, Provençal (Occitan) ak Catalan ansanm ak kreyòl yo te enpòtan nan devlopman Occidental pou de Wahl,[128][129] ki te ekri osi bonè ke lè 1912 ke lang li te devlope te pi sanble ak provensal pase. Italyen oswa Panyòl.[130] Magazin Swis Der Landbote te fè yon kòmantè menm jan an pandan y ap revize lang nan 1945, kòmante komik ke "li nan kèk egzanp yo nan Occidental ba nou enpresyon nan yon mwatye aprann Catalan pa yon etranje ki pa konprann anpil gramè a." 131] De Wahl ensiste ke aparans natirèl Occidental la pa vle di enpòtasyon an gwo nan ekspresyon nasyonal ak itilizasyon, e li te avèti ke fè sa ta mennen nan dezòd. Youn nan atik li yo sou sijè sa a te dirije sou itilizatè angle ak franse ki li te kwè mal te wè Occidental kòm yon melanj de yo: "(Aparans chaotic Occidental a) se pa fòt nan Occidental tèt li, men pito sa nan itilizatè li yo ak espesyalman nan. Fransè ak angle, oswa moun ki panse ke lang entènasyonal la ta dwe yon melanj de lang sa yo [...] sa se yon erè fondamantal, sitou si fòm sa yo prezante eksepsyon ak iregilarite nan sistèm Occidental la."[132] Alphonse Matejka te ekri. nan Cosmoglotta ke de Wahl "toujou reklame yon minimòm de otonomi pou lang li epi li te goumen anmè kont tout pwopozisyon ki te gen entansyon ogmante natiralism nan lang nan sèlman nan avèg imite lang romans yo, oswa jan de Wahl te di bridman nan youn nan lèt li yo bay. mwen, 'pa simante franse oswa angle'".[133] Lefètke Occidental te fè erè sou bò regilarite a te mennen nan vokabilè ki te toujou rekonèt men diferan de nòm entènasyonal la, tankou ínpossibil nan plas enposib (ín + poss + ibil), syantifik (syantifik, soti nan scient-ie + -ic), ak deskripsyon (deskripsyon, soti nan deskripsyon-r + -tion). Sa a se youn nan pi gwo diferans ki genyen ant li ak Interlingua, ki gen yon vokabilè ki soti nan sa yo rele 'pwototip'[134] (zansèt ki pi resan komen nan lang sous li yo) pandan Interlingue/Occidental konsantre sou derivasyon aktif, espontane. Vokabilè yo te jije teknikman akseptab menm si li pa t matche ak fòm nan lòt lang vivan, ak mo sa yo ki sòti dekri kòm "fòm ke lang vivan ta kapab pwodwi lè l sèvi avèk pwòp mwayen yo".[135] === Vokabilè === Menmsi li te sanble favorab pou fanmi lang romans la, de Wahl pa t 'wè Occidental kòm yon lang romans epi li pa t tolere okenn nasyonalis oswa chovinism nan chwa mo yo pou lang nan. Opinyon li sou jistis nan chwa vokabilè a te ke: "Kèlkeswa anpil espesyal, nouvo, mo enpòtan chak [kilti] te respektivman te ajoute nan kilti imen an komen, anpil yo resevwa."[136] Nan yon atik ki rele "International o. Romanic" (Entènasyonal oswa Romans) an 1929, li te bay egzanp nan yon kantite kategori nan ki lang patikilye te gen yon enfliyans patikilyèman gwo. Sa yo enkli grèk pou syans ak filozofi (teorema, teosofie, astronomie), Latin pou politik ak lalwa (sosyal, republica, komisyon), Scandinavian, Olandè ak angle pou navigasyon (log, fregatte, mast, brigg, bote), ak plizyè lòt. vokabilè entènasyonal ki soti nan lòt lang (sabat, alkòl, sultan, divan, nirvana, orang-utan, bushido, té, dalai-lama, sigar, djaz, zèb, bumerang, elatriye).[136] === Senbòl === Senbòl Oksidantal la ak dimansyon li yo[137] yo te chwazi an 1936 apre kèk deliberasyon ak anpil lòt senbòl pwopoze ki te gen ladann lèt stilize, yon etwal (tankou nan Esperanto ak Ido), yon solèy kouche pou reprezante solèy la nan lwès (lwès la). ), yon glòb, ak plis ankò.[138] Titil la, deja itilize pa Occidental-Union, te finalman chwazi dapre senk kritè:[139] karaktè senbolik, senplisite, orijinalite, fasil pou yo konfonn ak yon lòt senbòl, ak pou yo te bikromatik (gen de koulè) kontrèman ak polikromatik. . Pi lwen pase senk kritè yo, oksidantal yo nan epòk la referans avantaj ki genyen nan mank de yon siyifikasyon fiks pou tilde nan esfè piblik la, ak resanblans li nan yon fòm vag, ki vle di lapawòl.[139] == Literati == Pifò nan tèks yo literè nan Interlingue, tou de orijinal ak tradui, yo te pibliye nan Cosmoglotta. Lòt tèks yo te pibliye nan jounal la "Helvetia", ak lòt moun, nan yon limit pi piti, nan fòm liv. Literati entè-lang kapab divize an plizyè peryòd : * Premye peryòd ant 1921 ak 1927 * Peryòd Vyèn ant 1927 ak 1949 * Peryòd estanasyon ant 1950 ak 1999 * Renouvèlman soti nan 1999 Dènye travay literè ki te pibliye nan Interlingue la te : * ''Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas'', ekri pa Vicente Costalago e ki te pibliye 27 mas 2021<ref>[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-sercha-in-li-castelle-dewahl-e-altri-racontas/paperback/product-j2775p.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas]</ref> * ''Antologie hispan'', di [[Chabi|Vicente Costalago]] ekri pa Vicente Costalago e ki te pibliye 2021.<ref>[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/antologie-hispan/paperback/product-pmknpz.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Antologie hispan]</ref> * ''Fabules, racontas e mites'', ekri pa Vicente Costalago e ki te pibliye 2021.<ref name ="fabules">[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/fabules-contes-e-mites/paperback/product-4g6ezk.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Fabules, racontas e mites]</ref> == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://occidental-lang.com Occidental: The International Auxiliary Language] [[Kategori:Interlingue]] 6by17ovies7acdhrnd7axh91o2ci2us 0 81500 804629 798066 2022-07-28T14:26:18Z AngelDust1941 27741 edisyon minè wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hazbin Hotel Sign.png|thumb|Siy ofisyèl nan seri a]] '''''Hazbin Hotel''''' se yon seri entènèt pou granmoun ki te premye premye [[28 oktòb]] [[2019]] sou [[YouTube]]. == Rezime == Charlie Morningstar se [[prensès]] [[lanfè]] a, ki vle rachte moun ki ap fè peche pou yo ka ale nan syèl la. == Ekip teknik == == Aktè == === Aktè prensipal === * Jill Harris kòm Charlie * Monica Franco kòm Vaggie * Michael Kovach kòm Angel Dust * Edward Bosco kòm Alastor, Demon Radyo a * Mick Lauer kòm Husk * Michelle Marie kòm Nifty === Aktè segondè === * Krystal LaPorte kòm Cherri Bomb == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://m.imdb.com/title/tt7216636/ Hazbin Hotel] sou IMDb [[Kategori:2019]] [[Kategori:Seri ameriken]] rqkufyhdo62bqnnckk5p1da70owmo0v