Wikipedya htwiki https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj_Prensipal MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Medya Espesyal Diskite Itilizatè Diskisyon Itilizatè Wikipedya Diskisyon Wikipedya Fichye Diskisyon Fichye MedyaWiki Diskisyon MedyaWiki Modèl Diskisyon Modèl Èd Diskisyon Èd Kategori Diskisyon Kategori TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk 0 982 882342 868096 2026-07-01T17:45:56Z HyBoxwood 39691 [[w:zh:Template_talk:中华人民共和国国徽#編輯請求_2026-04-17_将svg替换为File:中華人民共和國國徽.svg]] 882342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Peyi |non_lokal=Chin |im_nasyonal=Mach volontè yo |lang=[[lang chinwa|Chinwa]] |jantile=Chinwa, Chinwaz |drapo_imaj=Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg |anblèm_imaj=中華人民共和國國徽.svg |fizo_orè=+8 |kapital=[[Peken]] |pi_gwo_vil=[[Changay]] |monnen_non=[[Yuan]] oubyen Renminbi |monnen_kòd=CNY |PIB_dat= |PIB_total=18,117 milya dola |PIB_total_ran=2 |PIB_pa_abitan=12 814 dola |PIB_pa_abitan_ran=65 |gouvènman_tip=Eta kominis ak yon sèl pati |chèf_tit=Prezidan Pati Kominis Chin |chèf_non=[[Xi Jinping]] |sipèfisi_dat=2024 |sipèfisi_ran=4 |sipèfisi_total=9,596,961 |dlo_pousantaj=2,8 |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran=2 |popilasyon_total=1,408,280,000 |popilasyon_dansite=147 |endepandans_dat=[[1949]] |endepandans_tip= |endepandans_de= |kòd=CN, CHN |endikatif_entènet=cn |endikatif_telefonik=86 |endikatif_radyofonik= |EDI=0,768 |EDI_ran=79 |EDI_dat=2024 |kat_politik=China map.png |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= }} [[Fichye:Qing china.jpg|thumb|right|Chin, 1892]] '''Chin''' oubyen '''Repiblik popilè Chin''', se yon peyi ki sitiye nan [[Azi]]. Kapital se [[Peken]]. == Istwa == == Jewografi == Lachin se 3yèm oswa 4yèm [[Lis peyi ak teritwa pa sipefisi|pi gwo peyi nan mond lan]] apre [[Risi]], [[Kanada]] ak, selon metòd kalkil la itilize, [[Etazini]] (ki gen ladan [[Alaska]])? Lachin sitiye nan sant [[Azi]] ak gen 14 peyi vwazen. An reyalite, li se, avèk larisi, leta avèk plis peyi vwazen. Peyi vwazen li yo : [[Vyetnam]] ak [[Laos]] nan sid, [[Bimani]] nan sid-sid-lwès, [[Boutan]] ak [[Nepal]] nan lwès-sid-lwès, [[End]] nanlwès-sid-lwès ak nan lwès, [[Pakistan]], [[Afganistan]], [[Tadjikistan]] ak [[Kigistan]] nan lwès-nò-lwès, [[Kazakstan]] nan nò-lwès, [[Mongoli]] nan nò, [[Risi]] nan nò-lès ak [[Kore dinò]] nan lès-nò-lès. Lachin gen yon fwontyè terès total de 22117 km, pi gran nan lemonn. Lachin gen tou fwontyè maritim avèk [[Kore disid]], [[Japon]] ak [[Filipin]]. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{Azi}} [[Kategori:Peyi]] [[Kategori:Chin| ]] tv9nurtguxk68fy3azcxwxg269d2436 0 3817 882347 881520 2026-07-02T09:27:34Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 882347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ale menm non|mas}} [[Fichye:Mars Hubble.jpg|thumb|Planèt Mas nan teleskop [[Hubble]].]] [[Fichye:Cerberus Hemisphere.jpg|thumb|11 fevrye 1980 pa sond Viking I.]] [[Fichye:4_Terrestrial_Planets_Size_Comp_True_Color.png|thumb|Konparezon ant tay planèt yo : [[Mèki]], [[Venis]], [[Latè]] epi Mas.]] '''Mas''' (senbòl : [[Fichye:Mars symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|♂]]) se katryèm [[planèt]] nan [[sistèm solè]]. == Misyon nan lespas == * [[Phoenix]] : Yon misyon [[NASA]] ap mennen ak patisipasyon entènasyonal, tankou [[Kanada]], [[Swis]]. Phoenix se yon wobo ekipe ak tout enstriman syantifik pou li eksplore sòl planèt yo. Li pati depi Latè 4 out 2007 epi li rive 26 me, 00h54 [[GMT]] anlè planèt Mas, nan pòl nò li. ** Lansman li : [https://web.archive.org/web/20080529030106/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/phoenix/launch/index.html] == Foto misyon eksplorasyon == <gallery> Fichye:070802 phoenix lab 02.jpg|Konpozisyon l Fichye:Phoenix Mars Lander in testing PIA01885.jpg|Tèst syantifik yo tap fè sou li nan mwa septanm 2006 Fichye:Sojourner, MER, Phoenix lander, and Curiosity comparisons, in Metric units.jpg|lòt wobo yo Fichye:Descent_of_Phoenix_with_a_crater_in_the_background_taken_by_Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter.jpg|Men kote wobo a tap poze, 10 km toupre yon kratè ([[Heimdall]], 10 km) Fichye:Phoenix mission horizon stitched high definition.jpg|Premyè foto wobo a voye sou latè, ki ap reprezante sifas li wè Fichye:Mars rocks.jpg|misyon [[mars pathfinder]] Fichye:Nasa mars opportunity rock water 150 eng 02mar04.jpg|yon foto yon wòch mikwoskopik, nan misyon [[Rover opportunity]], ki ap montre prezans ansyen de kèk sous dlo Fichye:Victoria Crater, Cape Verde-Mars.jpg|Kratè victoria, foto misyon [[Rover opportunity]] depi Cape Verde, kote wobo a rete ko l; foto an fèt nan 3 semèn (16 oktòb - 6 novanm 2006) Fichye:VallesMarinerisHuge.jpg|Vale Marineris, li long de 4500km, li laj de 200km </gallery> <gallery> Fichye:Phoenix mission landing.jpg|Men pye l Fichye:PIA10741 Possible Ice Below Phoenix.jpg|Men anba kò l Fichye:Phoenix mini-DVD on Mars.jpg|Fotografi DVD syantifik yo mete sou wobo an pou misyon nan fiti yo; moun yo ap twouve anndan l tout istwa nou konnen anlè planèt mas Fichye:Phoenix Sol1 pic3.jpg|Premyè foto li pran de sifas planèt an Fichye:PIA10735 Phoenix B&W panorama.jpg|Yon panorama de kote li poze kò l </gallery> == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081012233842/http://www.worldwindcentral.com/wiki/Mars 3D maps of Mars in NASA World Wind] * [http://www.google.com/mars/ Google Mars] – Interactive image of Mars * [http://themis.asu.edu/valles_video/ Flight Into Mariner Valley] – NASA/JPL/Arizona State University 3D flythrough of Valles Marineris * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070701175739/http://www.marsgeo.com/ Marsgeo.com] – [[Mars Rover]] photos, videos & surface geology * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080724030705/http://mars.skymania.com/ Guide to Mars] – information about Mars and how to observe it. * [http://www.nineplanets.org/mars.html Nine Planets Mars page] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041101091421/http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4212/on-mars.html On Mars: Exploration of the Red Planet 1958–1978] from the NASA History Office. * [http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/980815paper.html Martian Law – a CATO white paper] * [http://www.maniacworld.com/mars_mariner_valley.htm Computer Simulation of a flyby through Mariner Valley] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010416234927/http://www.marsunearthed.com/ Mars Unearthed] – Comparisons of terrains between Earth and Mars * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130505042300/http://ralphaeschliman.com/id30.htm Ralph Aeschliman's Online Atlas of Mars] * [http://www.geody.com/?world=mars Geody Mars] – World's search engine that supports [[NASA World Wind]], [[Celestia]], and other applications. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221102181818/http://www.dualmoments.com/marsrovers/index.html Be on Mars] – Anaglyphs from the Mars Rovers (3D) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090705142931/http://onmars.jpl.nasa.gov/ NASA/JPL OnMars WMS Server for Mars Data] – Work as Google Earth client overlays * [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/expmars/images.html Exploring Mars: Image Center] * [http://www.astronomycast.com/astronomy/episode-52-mars/ Astronomy Cast: Mars] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3426539.stm BBC News update on Mars Express' findings of polar water ice and water-eroded features on the surface] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4285119.stm BBC News Mars pictures reveal frozen sea] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100130202708/http://www.space-nasa.com/02-apr-2007-esa-1.html 04/02/07: ESA Prepares for a Human Mission to Mars] * [http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/34/image/l Mars' apparent relative size] at opposition as seen by HST * [http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Archive/Archive-Mars.html Mars articles in Planetary Science Research Discoveries] === Resous kat === * [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/SystemSearch2.jsp?System=Mars Mars Nomenclature] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509184918/http://pdsmaps.wr.usgs.gov/PDS/public/explorer/html/marspick.htm PDS Map-a-planet] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090224211834/http://planetologia.elte.hu/terkep/mars-viking-en.pdf Viking Photomap] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131027185557/http://planetologia.elte.hu/terkep/mars-mola-en.pdf MOLA (topographic) map] [[Kategori:Mas (planèt)]] [[Kategori:Planèt]] envbua66yja6jx9we2q2c5o07t2ayt6 0 70668 882346 881344 2026-07-02T06:07:26Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 882346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau |foto= |tèks=Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau |fonksyon=sosyològ ak edikatris |domèn=Sosyoloji, fòmasyon |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[5 jiyè]] [[1905]] |lye nesans=[[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |dat lanmò=[[1970]] |lye lanmò=[[Nouyòk]] |peyi lanmò=[[Etazini]] |nasyonalite=ayisyen |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau''', ([[5 jiyè]] [[1905]], [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199935796.001.0001/acref-9780199935796-e-2028 |title=Sylvain-Bouchereau, Madeleine - Oxford Reference |last=|first=|date=|website=oxfordreference.com|doi=10.1093/acref/9780199935796.001.0001/acref-9780199935796-e-2028 |access-date=25 me 2018}}</ref>-[[1970]] [[Nouyòk]]), se yon pyonyè sosyològ ak edikatris [[Ayiti|ayisyèn]]. An 1934, li pami fondatè ''Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale'' (Lig Aksyon Sosyal Fanm), premye òganizasyon feminis fòmèl an Ayiti.<ref name="dr">{{Cite web|url=http://citoyennes.pressbooks.com/chapter/madeleine-sylvain-haiti/|title=Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau, Haïti (1903-1970)|author=Dorce, Ricarson|publisher=Citoyennes|access-date=14 fevriye 2016|archive-date=2016-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222020233/http://citoyennes.pressbooks.com/chapter/madeleine-sylvain-haiti/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name="jcl">{{Cite web|url=http://www.haiticulture.ch/Madeleine_Sylvain-Bouchereau.html|title=Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau|author=Claude-Narcisse, Jasmine|year=1997|website=Haiticulture.ch|access-date=14 fevriye 2016|archive-date=2016-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217045933/http://www.haiticulture.ch/Madeleine_Sylvain-Bouchereau.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Biyografi == Li fèt 5 jiyè 1905 nan [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]]. Li se pitit Eugénie Mallebranche ak [[Georges Sylvain]], yon powèt epi diplomat.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.haiti-reference.com/notables/getperson.php?personID=I105&tree=Chercheurs |title=Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau |publisher=Haiti-Référence |access-date=14 fevriye 2016 |archive-date=2019-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330200218/https://www.haiti-reference.com/notables/getperson.php?personID=I105&tree=Chercheurs |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Yon etidyan briyan, li fè fòmasyon li an Ayiti, [[Pòtoriko]] ak [[Etazini]]. Li diplome nan fakilte dwa nan [[Université d'État d'Haïti]] an 1933. Li etidye edikasyon ak sosyoloji Pòtoriko (1936–38) ak nan kolèj [[Bryn Mawr]], [[Pènsilvani]], kote li te resevwa yon doktora nan sosyoloji nan lane 1941. Tèz li ''Haïti et ses femmes'' ''(Ayiti ak fanm li yo)'' ''Une étude d'évolution culturelle'' ''(Yon etid sou evolisyon kiltirèl)'' te pibliye an 1957.<ref name="dr" /> Karyè akademik li te kòmanse an 1941, lè li te anseye etnoloji nan Enstiti Ayiti a, ki ap kontinye nan lane 1945 nan Lekòl Nasyonal la Agrikilti ak nan Inivèsite Fisk.<ref name="jcl" /> Li te yon manm onorè nan sororite Delta Sigma Theta. Li se tou yon lide pou amelyore kondisyon sosyal ak ekonomik pou fanm yo, ansanm ak plizyè lòt fanm ki soti nan klas siperyè ak presegondè yo. Li te etabli ''Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale'' ''(Feminine League for Social Action)''. Sylvain-Bouchereau te jwe yon pati enpòtan nan kontribiye nan ''La Voix des Femmes'', jounal òganizasyon an.<ref name="dr"/> == Patisipasyon entènasyonal == Karyè entènasyonal Sylvain-Bouchereau te kòmanse an 1937, lè li te delege ayisyen an nan Twazyèm Konferans Entè-Ameriken sou Edikasyon. Li te yon patisipan byen bonè nan travay la nan [[ONI|Nasyon Zini]] , fè aranjman pou fè sèvis sosyal pou prizonye politik polonè nan lane 1944. Li te chita sou premye komite pou dwa fanm e, ant 1952 ak 1956. Li te ede Fi Entènasyonal Lig pou Lapè ak Libète nan bay kou edikatif nan vil [[Kopènag]] ak Hamburg. Ant 1966 ak 1968, Sylvain-Bouchereau te yon konseye Gouvènman [[Togo]] sou devlopman kominote a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.haiticulture.ch/Madeleine_Sylvain-Bouchereau.html|title=Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau|last=Claude-Narcisse, Jasmine|year=1997|website=Haiticulture.ch|access-date=14 fevriye 2016|archive-date=2016-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217045933/http://www.haiticulture.ch/Madeleine_Sylvain-Bouchereau.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sylvain-Bouchereau te youn nan sèt (7) frè ak sè remakab. Sè ansyen li, [[Suzanne Comhaire-Sylvain]] (1898-1925), te premye fanm antwopològ Ayiti, pandan ke ti sè li, [[Yvonne Sylvain]] (1907-1989), te premye doktè fanm nan peyi a. Frè li, [[Normil Sylvain]] (1900-1929), te kreye ''La Revue indigène'' ki pibliye pwezi ayisyen ak literati. Pi piti frè li, [[Pierre Sylvain]] (1910–1991), yon botanis, te rapòte sou pwodiksyon kafe nan peyi Letiopi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8k074wr/entire_text/|title=Guide to the Suzanne Comhaire-Sylvan Papers M1835|publisher=Online Archive of California|access-date=14 fevriye 2016}}</ref> Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau te mouri nan lane 1970 nan vil [[Nouyòk]].<ref name="jcl" /> == Zèv li yo (seleksyon) == * 1944 ː ''Edikasyon de fanm nan Ayiti'', Pòtoprens, Imp. de l'Etat. * 1944 ː ''Conférence Haïtienne'' : La Famille Renaud, Pòtoprens, Editions Henri Deschamps. * 1946 ː ''Les Droits des femmes et la nouvelle constitution'', nan ''La Femme haïtienne te reponn aux attaques formulées kont li nan asanblaj constituant, Port-au-Prince, Société d'Editions Et de Librairie. * 1950 ː ''La Classe moyenne en Haïti'', nan Matériaux pou etidye klas la an mwayèn nan Amérique Latine, Washington, Département de syans sosyal de inite panaméricaine. * 1957 ː ''Haïti et ses femmes. Une étude d'évolution culturelle'', Pòtoprens, Les Presses Libres. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160414035449/http://www.lehman.cuny.edu/ile.en.ile/paroles/comhaire-sylvain_hommage.html Suzanne Comhaire-Sylvain] ak foto fanmi Sylvain-Bouchereau sou ile.en.ile {{DEFAULTSORT:Sylvain-Bouchereau, Madeleine}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Fanm ekriven]] [[Kategori:Literati]] [[Kategori:Ekriven]] [[Kategori:Ekriven ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Fanm syantifik]] [[Kategori:Feminis ayisyèn]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1905]] [[Kategori:Lanmò 1970]] [[Kategori:Fanmi Sylvain]] e1ksfovf5hwrhwd5eklfo72b4maxiqw 0 73379 882345 772832 2026-07-01T20:06:02Z ~2026-37513-58 39675 882345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox eleksyon|non=Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyen an 1957|peyi=Ayiti|dat=22 septanm 1957|kalite=Prezidansyèl|kandida1=[[François Duvalier]]|vòt1=680 509|pousantaj1=72.36|kandida2=[[Louis Déjoie]]|vòt2=249 956|kandida3=[[Clément Jumelle]]|vòt3=9 980|pousantaj2=26.58|kandida1_2=|vòt1_2=|pousantaj1_2=|kandida2_2=|vòt2_2=|pousantaj2_2=|koulè1=#500F0B|pati1=[[Pati Inite Nasyonal]]|imaj_kandida1=Dr. Francois Duvalier.jpg|koulè2=#FAC577|imaj_kandida2=Agronomist Louis Déjoie.jpg|pati2=[[Inyon Repibliken]]|koulè3=#e1a5e1|imaj_kandida3=Me. Clement Jumelle.jpg|pati3=[[Mouvman nasyonal]]|pousantaj3=1.06|imaj_kandida1_2=Silver - replace this image female and male.svg|koulè1_2=|koulè2_2=|imaj_kandida2_2=Silver - replace this image female and male.svg|patisipasyon=940 445|prezidan_anvan=[[Antonio Kébreau]]|prezidan_eli=[[François Duvalier]]|imaj_kandida4=Silver - replace this image female and male.svg|koulè4=#eeeeee}}'''Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 1957 la''' te fèt ann [[Ayiti]] sou 22 septanm 1957, kòm yon pati nan eleksyon jeneral 1957 la. == Kontèks politik == Aprè demisyon [[Paul Eugène Magloire|Paul Magloire]] ak amnisti ki dekrete an [[1956 (almanak gregoryen)|1956]], yon klima malèz sosyal ak enstabilite politik te rive ant desanm 1956 ak jen 1957, senk (5) gouvènman pwovizwa yo te swivi youn lòt. Palman an te fonn e faksyon lame yo kontinye ap konfwonte.<ref>Sauveur Pierre Etienne, ''Haïti, misère de la démocratie'', L'Harmattan, 1999, p.70</ref> Kandida a [[François Duvalier]] evre ak yon pwogram, popilis ki t ap chache flate majorite Afriken-Ayisyen repoze sou yon estrateji rasis "pro-[[negritid]] " (oswa "nwaris") opoze elit Milat yo reprezante pa Louis Dejoie. Eleksyon prezidansyèl yo te òganize nan dat [[22 septanm]] [[1957]] pa [[Antonio Kébreau|Jeneral Kébreau]], ki se prezidan Konsèy Militè Gouvènman an. François Duvalier te eli avèk 69,1% nan vòt yo, advèsè prensipal li Louis Déjoie kolekte sèlman 28.3%. Clement Jumelle te akize lame favoritis yo e li te retire kandidati li jis anvan eleksyon an. Sepandan, li kolekte prèske 10 000 vòt. Aprè envèstiti nouvo prezidan François Duvalier, Louis Déjoie te oblije ale nan egzil nan [[Kiba]], Clément Jumelle te pran maki a pou dezan epi li te pran refij nan anbasad Kiba kote li te mouri nan dat 11 avril [[1959]].<ref> {{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://haiti-reference.com/pages/plan/histoire-et-societe/dates-04avril/|title=Dates Historiques : Mois d’Avril|date=30 mas 2001|website=haiti-reference.com|access-date=5 septanm 2015}}.</ref> Finalman, ansyen Prezidan Paul Magloire tou te fòse nan egzil nan [[Etazini]] jouk [[1986]] ak nan finisman rejim la Duvalier. == Rezilta == {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" |- ! colspan="2" |Kandida !Bilten !% vòt yo |- | style="text-align:left;" |[[François Duvalier]] |[[Pati Inite Nasyonal]] |680 509 |72,36 |- | style="text-align:left;" |[[Louis Déjoie]] |[[Inyon Repibliken]] |249 956 |26,58 |- | style="text-align:left;" |[[Clément Jumelle]] |[[Mouvman nasyonal]] |{{formatnum:9980}} |1,06 |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |'''Total pou vòt yo''' |'''940 445''' |'''100 ''' |} == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.haiti-reference.com/politique/elections/elections-pres.php Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyen an] sou haiti-reference.com [[Kategori:Politik]] [[Kategori:Eleksyon]] [[Kategori:Eleksyon prezidansyèl]] [[Kategori:Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn]] ll4f8btq2qev70vx9bntetva3va1v41 0 73381 882344 738292 2026-07-01T19:43:30Z ~2026-37513-58 39675 882344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox eleksyon|non=Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyen an 1988|peyi=Ayiti|dat=17 janvye 1988|kalite=Prezidansyèl|kandida1=[[Leslie Manigat]]|vòt1=534 110|pousantaj1=50.22|kandida2=[[Hubert de Ronceray]]|vòt2=209 526|kandida3=[[Gérard Philippe Auguste]]|vòt3=151 391|pousantaj2=19.70|kandida1_2=|vòt1_2=|pousantaj1_2=|kandida2_2=|vòt2_2=|pousantaj2_2=|koulè1=#05903f|pati1=[[Gwoup Pwogresis|Pwogresis]]|imaj_kandida1=Picture of President Leslie Manigat.png|koulè2=#26C4EC|imaj_kandida2=Hubert de Ronceray.png|pati2=[[Gwoup sosyal|Sosyal]]|koulè3=#dd0000|imaj_kandida3=Silver - replace this image male cropped.jpg|pati3=[[Gwoup nasyonal|Nasyonal]]|pousantaj3=14.23|imaj_kandida1_2=Silver - replace this image female and male.svg|koulè1_2=|koulè2_2=|imaj_kandida2_2=Silver - replace this image female and male.svg|patisipasyon=1 063 537|prezidan_anvan=[[Henri Namphy]]|prezidan_eli=[[Leslie Manigat]]|imaj_kandida4=Silver - replace this image female and male.svg|koulè4=#eeeeee}}'''Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn nan an 1988''' te premyè konsiltasyon prezidansyèl depi an [[1957 (almanak gregoryen)|1957]] ki te pote sou pouvwa diktatè [[François Duvalier]]. [[Leslie Manigat]] te genyen eleksyon prezidansyèl 1988 la. == Kontèks politik == Sou [[29 mas]] [[1987 (almanak gregoryen)|1987]] yon konstitisyon te apwouve pa referandòm. Eleksyon prezidansyèl yo te pwograme pou menm ane a nan dat 29 novanm 1987, men yo te anile akòz plizyè entèvansyon pa [[Tonton Makout]], milis lame ki masakre elektè yo ak detwi plizyè biwo vòt yo. Lame ayisyèn nan, ki te dirije pa Jeneral [[Henri Namphy]], òganize nan mwa janvye 1988 eleksyon ki te kontwovèsyal ak lajman boykote. Ratifye pa Palman an ki soti nan eleksyon yo [[17 janvye]] [[1988 (almanak gregoryen)|1988]], li konsa ranplase sa yo ki an [[1963 (almanak gregoryen)|1963]] mete kanpe pa ansyen diktatè a François Duvalier. == Kandida yo == Plizyè kandida te kanmenm nan lis la pou eleksyon prezidansyèl sa a. * [[Leslie Manigat]] * Gérard Philippe Auguste * Hubert de Ronceray == Nouvo prezidans lan == Leslie Manigat te eli Prezidan Repiblik la avèk 50,22% nan vòt yo. Leslie François Manigat te sèmante nan dat 7 fevriye 1988. Li te siksede Jeneral Namphy. Li chwazi, pou pwemyè fwa nan [[Politik nan Ayiti|istwa Ayiti a]], yon [[Premye Minis Ayiti|Premye Minis]], [[Martial Célestin]], pòs kreye pa nouvo konstitisyon an 1987. 20 jen 1988, Jeneral [[Henri Namphy]] ranvèse li pandan yon koudeta militè ak rekòmanse lòd nan eta ayisyen an ke li menm li te transmèt Leslie Manigat. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Politik]] [[Kategori:Eleksyon]] [[Kategori:Eleksyon prezidansyèl]] [[Kategori:Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn]] 7n5b9uvw590nyxjsbw8fhm3kpv2ojly 0 94389 882343 859019 2026-07-01T17:46:47Z HyBoxwood 39691 [[w:zh:Template_talk:中华人民共和国国徽#編輯請求_2026-04-17_将svg替换为File:中華人民共和國國徽.svg]] 882343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Pèsonalite politik | charte = Chef d'État | nom = Hu Jintao<br />胡锦涛 | imaj = Hu Jintao 2012.jpg | lejand = Hu Jintao en 2012. | fonksyon1 = 6e Prezidan repiblik popilè Chin | a pati fonksyon1 = {{dat|15|mas|2003}} | jiska fonksyon1 = {{dat|14|mas|2013}}<br /><small>({{durée|15|3|2003|14|3|2013}})</small> |eleksyon1 = {{dat|15|mas|2003}} | reeleksyon1 = 15 mas 2008 | premye minis 1 = [[Wen Jiabao]] | vis prezidan 1 = [[Zeng Qinghong]]<br />[[Xi Jinping]] | predesesè 1 = [[Jiang Zemin]] | siksesè 1 = [[Xi Jinping]] | fonksyon2 = [[Sekretè Jeneral Pati Kominis Chinwa]] | a pati fonksyon2 = {{dat|15|Novanm|2002}} | jiska fonksyon2 = {{dat|15|Novanm|2012}}<br /><small>({{durée|15|11|2002|15|11|2012}})</small> | eleksyon2 = {{dat|15|Novanm|2002}} | re-eleksyon2 = {{dat|22|Oktòb|2007}} | predesesè 2 = [[Jiang Zemin]] | siksesè 2 = [[Xi Jinping]] | fonksyon3 = [[Komisyon Militè Santral (Repiblik Pèp la Lachin)|Prezidan Komisyon Militè Santral Pati Kominis Lachin nan]] | a pati fonksyon3 = {{dat|19|septanm|2004}} | jiska fonksyon3 = {{dat|15|Novanm|2012}}<br /><small>({{durée|19|9|2004|15|11|2012}})</small> | predesesè 3 = [[Jiang Zemin]] | siksesè 3 = [[Xi Jinping]] | fonksyon4 = [[Komisyon Militè Santral (Repiblik Pèp la Lachin)|Prezidan Komisyon Militè Santral Eta a]] | a pati fonksyon 4 = {{dat|13|Mas|2005}} | jiska fonksyon4 = {{dat|14|Mas|2013}}<br /><small>({{durée|13|3|2005|14|3|2013}})</small> | predesesè 4 = [[Jiang Zemin]] | siksesè 4 = [[Xi Jinping]] | non nesans = | dat nesans = {{dat nesans|21|desanm|1942|laj = wi}} | lye nesans = [[Taizhou (Jiangsu)]], [[Repiblik Lachin (1912-1949)|Lachin]] | dat lanmò = | kote lanmò = | nati lanmò = | antèman = | nasyonalite = [[Repiblik Pèp la Lachin|Chinwa]] | pati = [[Chinese Communist Party]] | papa = | manman = | frè ak sè = | konjwent = [[Liu Yongqing]] | pitit = [[Hu Haifeng]]<br />Hu Haiqing | antouraj = | inivèsite = [[Tsinghua University]] | pwofesyon = | relijyon = [[Ateism|Ate]] | rezidans = [[Zhongnanhai]] | siyati = Hu Jintao autograph.svg | anblèm = 中華人民共和國國徽.svg | lis = [[Sekretè Jeneral Pati Kominis Lachin nan|Sekretè Jeneral Pati Kominis Lachin nan]]<br />[[Prezidan Repiblik Pèp la Lachin|Prezidan Repiblik Pèp la Lachin]] | fonksyon5 = [[Vis Prezidan Repiblik Pèp la Lachin]] | jiska fonksyon5 = {{dat|15|Mas|1998}} | jiska fonksyon5 = {{date|15|Mas|2003}}<br /><small>({{durée|15|3|1998|15|3|2003}})</small> | predesesè 5 = [[Rong Yiren]] | siksesè 5 = [[Zeng Qinghong]] | prezidan 5 = [[Jiang Zemin]] | eleksyon5 = {{dat|15|Mas|1998}} | fonksyon6 = Sekretè Pati Kominis Chinwa Rejyon Otonòm Tibet la | a pati fonksyon6 = {{dat|1|Desanm|1988}} | jiska fonksyon6 = {{dat|19|oktòb|1992}}<br /><small>({{durée|1|12|1988|19|10|1992}})</small> | predesesè 6 = [[Wu Jinghua]] | siksesè 6 = [[Chen Kuiyuan]] }} '''Hu Jintao''' (an chinwa senplifye :胡锦涛 ; pinyin : {{MSAPI|xǔ tɕìntʰáu}} <ref>[[Prononciation du mandarin standard|Prononciation]] en [[mandarin standard]] [[Transcription phonétique|retranscrite]] selon la [[Alphabet phonétique international|norme API]]. </ref> ), ki fèt 21 desanm 1942 nan Taizhou, Jiangsu (apeprè {{Unité|300|km}} nan lwès [[Shanghai]]), se yon prezidan [[Chin|Chinwa]]. Li te sekretè jeneral CPC a soti 15 novanm 2002 rive 15 novanm 2012 ak prezidan Repiblik Pèp la Lachin 15 mas 2003 rive 14 mas 2013, li te eli ankò sou 15 mas 2008 pa [[Asanble nasyonal popilè]]. == Biyografi == Hu Jintao marye ak Liu Yongqing, li te rankontre nan Inivèsite Tsinghua.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/well-travelled-but-not-very-well-known-20031024-gdhnb2.html|title=Well travelled - but not very well known|date=24 10 2003|publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en}}.</ref>. De timoun fèt nan maryaj sa a: Hu Haifeng ak Hu Haiqing. Pitit gason l Hu Haifeng se yon biznisman Chinwa. An 2008, li te monte sekretè Pati Kominis Tsinghua Holdings <ref>Brice Pedroletti, [https://www.lemonde.fr/la-crise-financiere/article/2009/07/22/nuctech-anciennement-dirigee-par-le-fils-du-president-hu-jintao-est-impliquee-dans-une-affaire-de-corruption_1221502_1101386.html « Nuctech, anciennement dirigée par le fils du président Hu Jintao, est impliquée dans une affaire de corruption »], ''Le Monde'', 22 jiyè 2009. </ref>, ki kontwole {{Lien|langue=en|fr=Nuctech}} ak plis pase 20 lòt sosyete <ref>AFP, [http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2009/07/24/2003449421 « China Internet blackout linked to leader’s son »], ''Tapei Times''. </ref>. Pitit fi li Hu Haiqing marye ak {{Lien|langue=en|fr=Mao Daolin}} <ref>Jordan Pouilleux, [https://web.archive.org/web/20131017230637/http://www.regards.fr/IMG/pdf/chine.pdf « Chine : les fortunes des princes rouges »], [[Regards|regards.fr]].</ref>, ansyen patwon nan sitwèb Sina.com <ref>[http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2012/09/A/48159 « Chine, pouvoir et puissance. Fils de… »], ''Le Monde diplomatique'', septanm 2012. </ref>. == Nòt ak referans == {{Referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] 36bxriofb2vk99gdql90p03xw9w3tyt