Wikipedya htwiki https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj_Prensipal MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Medya Espesyal Diskite Itilizatè Diskisyon Itilizatè Wikipedya Diskisyon Wikipedya Fichye Diskisyon Fichye MedyaWiki Diskisyon MedyaWiki Modèl Diskisyon Modèl Èd Diskisyon Èd Kategori Diskisyon Kategori TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk 0 1081 882698 694035 2026-07-12T21:59:27Z 1104s72 38991 882698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{kolektivite tèritoryal}} Gana, ki rele ofisyèlman '''Repiblik Gana''', se yon peyi ki nan [[Afrik lwès|Afrik de Lwès]]. Li gen Gòlf Gine ak Oseyan [[Oseyan Atlantik|Atlantik]] nan sid li. Li fè fwontyè ak [[Kòt divwa|Kòtdivwa]] nan lwès, [[Boukinafaso|Burkina Faso]] nan nò, ak [[Togo]] nan lès. Gana gen yon sifas anviwon 239,567 kilomèt kare. Peyi a gen plizyè kalite anviwònman natirèl, tankou savann bò lanmè ak gwo forè twopikal. Gen plis pase 35 milyon moun k ap viv nan Gana. Se 13yèm peyi ki gen plis moun nan Afrik, epi dezyèm nan Afrik de Lwès. Kapital la ak pi gwo vil la se Accra. Premye wayòm ki te parèt nan zòn Gana se te Bonoman nan sid ak Wayòm Dagbon nan nò. Bonoman te deja egziste nan 11yèm syèk la. Apre sa, Anpi Asante ak lòt wayòm Akan yo te devlope nan sid peyi a. Nan 15yèm syèk la, Pòtigal te rive nan zòn nan pou fè komès. Apre sa, lòt peyi Ewòp yo te vin goumen pou kontwole komès la. Nan 19yèm syèk la, Britanik yo te pran kontwòl kòt la. Apre plis pase 100 ane rezistans kont kolonizasyon, kat teritwa Britanik yo—Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories, ak British Togoland—te mete ansanm pou fòme yon sèl peyi. Nan dat 6 mas 1957, Gana te vin premye koloni nan Afrik ki anba dezè Sahara ki te jwenn endepandans li. Anba prezidan Kwame Nkrumah, Gana te jwe yon gwo wòl nan mouvman pou mete fen nan kolonizasyon ak nan pwomosyon inite peyi afriken yo. Gana se yon peyi ki gen anpil gwoup etnik, lang ak relijyon. Akan yo se pi gwo gwoup etnik la, men yo pa fòme majorite popilasyon an. Pifò moun nan Gana se kretyen, prèske yon senkyèm se mizilman, epi gen lòt ki pratike relijyon tradisyonèl oswa ki pa gen okenn relijyon. Gana se yon repiblik demokratik kote prezidan an se chèf leta ak chèf gouvènman an. Peyi a rekonèt kòm youn nan peyi ki pi estab politikman nan Afrik. Li se youn nan manm fondatè Inyon Afriken an ak Mouvman Peyi Ki Pa Alinye yo. Li se tou manm Nasyonzini, Kominote Ekonomik Peyi Afrik de Lwès (ECOWAS), Gwoup 24 la, ak Commonwealth la.{{Commonscat}} {{Afrik}} [[Kategori:Peyi nan Afrik]] [[Kategori:Gana|*]] 4w3f3gcyomv275i8hrj2cipoxlqqydn 0 15066 882688 331068 2026-07-12T19:25:00Z 1104s72 38991 882688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{definisyon |fanmi=adjektif |objè= |imaj= |referans= }} '''Relijye''' se ki gen rapò avèk relijyon an. == Tradiksyon == *[[Lòt kreyòl]]: Relizye *[[franse|Franse]]: Religieux *[[angle|Angle]]: Religious *[[alman|Alman]]: Religiös *[[panyòl|Panyòl]]: Religioso == Istwa == Istwa mo sa == referans == == Kèk lyen == eusrfnmdz1lql1hz9dhhwmwbvlo56id 0 19524 882706 680297 2026-07-12T22:45:25Z 1104s72 38991 882706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' se yon [[matematisyen]] [[alman]]. {{moun |non=Wilhelm Killing |foto=Wilhelm Karl Joseph Killing.jpeg |tèks= |fonksyon=matematisyen |dat nesans= |lye nesans= |peyi nesans=[[Almay]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=alman |zèv= |nòt= }} == Byografi == *Killing te etidye nan Inivèsite Münster, epi pita li te ekri tèz doktora li anba direksyon Karl Weierstrass ak Ernst Kummer nan Bèlen an 1872. Ant 1868 ak 1872, li te travay kòm pwofesè nan jimnazyòm (lekòl segondè). An 1875, li te marye ak Anna Commer, ki te pitit fi yon pwofesè mizik. Apre sa, li te vin pwofesè nan kolèj seminè '''[[Collegium Hosianum]]''' nan Braunsberg (jodi a yo rele Braniewo). Pou li te ka pran pozisyon ansèyman sa a, li te antre nan lòd relijye a epi li te vin prèt. Li te vin rektè kolèj la epi li te sèvi kòm prezidan konsèy vil la. Kòm pwofesè ak administratè, Killing te apresye anpil e moun te gen gwo respè pou li. Finalman, an 1892, li te vin pwofesè nan Inivèsite Münster. An 1886, Killing ak madanm li te antre nan Twazyèm Lòd Fransiskan . == Zèv li yo == *Sa li fè, piblikasyon li nan domèn konesans matematik li == Referans == *Referans pou konnen plis anlè moun sa a ---- [[kategori:matematisyen]] [[kategori:matematik]] dbx077ezjr3do8om0linhm2lkixv9yr 0 20006 882700 650238 2026-07-12T22:15:51Z 1104s72 38991 882700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} David Kazhdan (an ebre: דוד קשדן), ki te fèt sou non '''Dmitry Aleksandrovich Kazhdan''' (an ris: Дмитрий Александрович Каждан) nan dat 20 jen 1946, se yon matematisyen ki soti nan ansyen [[Inyon Repiblik Sosyalis Sovyetik|Inyon Sovyetik]] epi ki vin sitwayen [[Izrayèl]]. Li rekonèt pou travay li nan domèn '''teyori reprezantasyon''' nan matematik. An 1990, li te resevwa '''Bous MacArthur''', yon prim ki bay moun yo rekonèt pou gwo kreyativite ak reyalizasyon yo. An 2012, li te resevwa '''[[Pri Izrayèl]]''' nan kategori matematik ak syans enfòmatik. {{moun |non=David Kazhdan |foto= |tèks= |fonksyon=matematisyen |dat nesans= |lye nesans= |peyi nesans= |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=ameriken |zèv= |nòt= }} == Byografi == *David Kazhdan te fèt 20 jen 1946 nan vil Moskou, nan ansyen Inyon Sovyetik. Papa li se Alexander Kazhdan. An 1969, li te jwenn doktora li anba direksyon matematisyen Alexandre Kirillov, epi li te fè pati gwoup matematik Israel Gelfand. Li se [[jwif]]. An 1975, li te kite Inyon Sovyetik pou l al travay nan Inivèsite Harvard Ozetazini. Se nan menm epòk sa a li te chanje non li soti '''Dmitry Aleksandrovich''' pou '''David''', epi li te vin pratike relijyon jwif otodòks. An 2002, li te imigre ann Izrayèl. Depi lè sa a, li se pwofesè nan Inivèsite Ebre Jerizalèm, epi li se pwofesè emerit nan Inivèsite Harvard. Nan dat 6 oktòb 2013, li te blese grav nan yon aksidan machin pandan li t ap monte bisiklèt nan Jerizalèm. David Kazhdan gen kat pitit. Youn nan pitit gason li yo, Eli Kazhdan, te direktè jeneral pati politik '''Yisrael BaAliyah''', ki pita te vin fè pati '''Likud'''. Li te sèvi tou kòm chèf estaf nan Ministè Endistri ak Komès, ansanm ak Ministè Enteryè, epi li te konseye Natan Sharansky sou zafè politik etranjè. == Zèv li yo == *Sa li fè, piblikasyon li nan domèn konesans matematik li == Referans == *Referans pou konnen plis anlè moun sa a {{Souliye-Matematisyen}} [[Kategori:Matematisyen]] hynlrk0vdj1fe4qorn1mm90lscfvpcw 0 21883 882703 663240 2026-07-12T22:26:49Z 1104s72 38991 882703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' se yon [[fizisyen]] [[syedwa]], nan peyi [[Syèd]], [[ameriken]], nan peyi [[Etazini]] . Dat li yo : ( 2293–1905 ) . {{moun |non=Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby |foto= |tèks= |fonksyon=fizisyen |dat nesans= |lye nesans= |peyi nesans= |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= |zèv= |nòt=Li se yon fizisyen }} == Byografi == *Carl-Gustaf Rossby te fèt nan vil [[Stokolm|Stockholm]], nan Syèd. Li te premye nan senk pitit Arvid Rossby ak Alma Charlotta Marelius. Li te etidye nan Inivèsite Stockholm, kote li te vin enterese nan [[fizik]] matematik. An 1919, li te ale nan Inivèsite Bergen, nan Nòvèj, pou etidye [[jeofizik]] anba pwofesè Vilhelm Bjerknes. Se la li te kòmanse travay nan meteyowoloji ak oseyanografi. Gwoup Bjerknes la t ap devlope nouvo lide sou meteyowoloji, ki vin rele pita '''Lekòl Bergen an''', tankou teyori sou '''[[front polè]]'''. An 1921, Rossby te retounen Syèd pou travay nan Biwo Meteyowolojik ak Idrografik la, ki pita te vin rele [[Enstiti Meteyowolojik]] ak Idwolojik Syèd (SMHI). Li te patisipe kòm meteyològ nan plizyè ekspedisyon [[oseyanografik]]. Lè li pat nan ekspedisyon, li te kontinye etid li nan fizik matematik nan Inivèsite Stockholm, kote li te resevwa diplòm li an 1925. Menm ane a, li te resevwa yon bous pou ale Ozetazini pou etidye kijan teyori front polè a te ka sèvi pou prevwa tan an. Pandan li tap travay nan Biwo Meteyo Etazini nan Washington, D.C., li te fè rechèch sou mouvman lè nan atmosfè a epi li te ede kreye premye sèvis meteyo pou aviyasyon sivil. An 1928, li te vin pwofesè asosye nan Enstiti Teknoloji Massachusetts (MIT). Yon ti tan apre sa, MIT te louvri premye depatman meteyowoloji Ozetazini. An 1931, li te vin chèchè nan Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Pandan peryòd sa a, li te etidye tèm tankou tèrmodinamik atmosfè a, melanj ak twoub lè a, ansanm ak relasyon ant oseyan yo ak atmosfè a. Nan dat 9 janvye 1939, Rossby te vin sitwayen ameriken. Menm ane a, li te nonmen asistan direktè rechèch nan Biwo Meteyo Etazini. An 1940, li te vin chèf depatman meteyowoloji nan Inivèsite Chicago. Se la li te konsantre sou gwo mouvman ki fèt nan atmosfè a. Li te dekri epi esplike '''kouran jè''' yo ak '''ond Rossby''' yo, ki se de fenomèn enpòtan nan meteyowoloji. Pandan [[Dezyèm Gè mondyal|Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la]], Rossby te òganize fòmasyon pou meteyològ [[militè]] yo. Apre lagè a, li te kòmanse sèvi ak òdinatè pou amelyore previzyon tan an, dapre modèl matematik li yo. An 1947, li te vin premye direktè Enstiti Meteyowolojik ak Idwolojik Syèd (SMHI). Li te pataje tan li ant enstiti sa a, Inivèsite Chicago, ak Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Apre lagè a, li te kolabore ak pwofesè Hans Ertel nan Bèlen pou devlope fòmil matematik ki dekri ond Rossby yo. Ant 1954 ak lanmò li an 1957 nan Stockholm, Rossby te ede devlope domèn chimi atmosfè a. Travay li te resevwa anpil rekonesans. Nan dat 17 desanm 1956, magazin '''Time''' te mete foto li sou kouvèti li. Li te premye meteyològ ki te parèt sou kouvèti yon gwo magazin. Nan dènye ane lavi li, li te etidye efè gaz kabonik (CO₂) nan atmosfè a ak fason li te ka fè tanperati Latè a monte. == Zèv li yo == *Sa li fè, piblikasyon li nan domèn konesans fizik li == Referans == *Referans pou konnen plis anlè moun sa a ---- [[kategori:fizisyen]] [[kategori:fizik]] [[Kategori:Syèd]] i61ow90ll4nu4sk5e4lmm3a9ycsj4co 0 25925 882718 755066 2026-07-13T03:29:13Z 1104s72 38991 882718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{kolektivite tèritoryal |non_lokal=Hampton |koodone_lat= |koodone_lon= |drapo_imaj= |anblèm_imaj= |tip=vil |dat= |zòn_tip=Eta |zòn=[[Georgie]] |kapital_tip= |kapital_non=[[Washington]] |chèf_tit= |chèf_non=? |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total= |dlo_pousantaj= |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |rote_mwayen= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total= |popilasyon_dansite= |popilasyon_tip= |aktivite= |kat_anplasman= |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |sitwèb= |kòd_tip=jewografik |kòd= |nòt= }} Hampton se yon vil ki sitiye nan sidwès [[Konte Henry]], nan eta [[Georgie|Georgia]], Ozetazini. Dapre resansman ane 2020 an, popilasyon an te 8 368 moun. Se yon zòn rezidansyèl ki nan sidès zòn [[Metwopolitèn Atlanta a|metwopolitèn Atlanta a.]] == Istwa == Nan tan lontan, yo te konn rele vil la "Bear Creek" oswa "Bear Creek Station"; non sa a soti nan non yon rivyè ki pase nan zòn nan. Yo te deplase vil la, yo te re-etabli l epi yo te chanje non l an 1873, lè yo te konstwi liy tren *Central Railroad of Georgia* la nan yon distans apeprè yon mil nan direksyon lès. Yo te ba li non sa a an onè Brigadye Jeneral Wade Hampton, yon sòlda ameriken ki te patisipe nan Lagè Endepandans Etazini ak nan Lagè 1812 la. Istwa Hampton kòmanse nan kòmansman ane 1820 yo, lè premye kolon blan yo te rive nan zòn Bear Creek la. == referans == == Kèk lyen == [[kategori:vil nan Georgie]] [[Kategori:Vil nan Etazini]] [[kategori:jewografi]] <br /> https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_13.txt https://www.census.gov/ https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/315076 https://www.kenkrakow.com/gpn/h.pdf<br /> b23bferz91dc9ls38q1v5hrl2de5mb7 0 30681 882716 756277 2026-07-13T03:23:22Z 1104s72 38991 882716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{kolektivite tèritoryal |non_lokal=Jenkins |koodone_lat= |koodone_lon= |drapo_imaj= |anblèm_imaj= |tip=vil |dat= |zòn_tip=Eta |zòn=[[Kentucky]] |kapital_tip= |kapital_non=[[Washington]] |chèf_tit= |chèf_non=? |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total= |dlo_pousantaj= |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |rote_mwayen= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total= |popilasyon_dansite= |popilasyon_tip= |aktivite= |kat_anplasman= |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |sitwèb= |kòd_tip=jewografik |kòd= |nòt= }} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' se yon vil [[Etazini]]. Li sitye nan leta [[Kentucky]]. Chèf-lye li se ?. == Istwa == Nan sezon otòn ane 1911, '''Consolidation Coal Company''' te achte kote vil '''Jenkins''' ye kounye a kòm yon pati nan yon tè ki te mezire anviwon '''100,000 kawo tè''' (40,000 ekta) nan konte '''Pike''', '''Letcher''', ak '''Floyd''', nan men '''Northern Coal and Coke Company'''. Apre acha a te finalize, yo te fè plan pou pwolonje liy tren '''Lexington and Eastern Railroad''' la soti '''Jackson''' rive nan yon vil ki rele '''McRoberts'''. Plan yo te gen ladan tou fondasyon vil '''Jenkins''', ki te resevwa non li an onè '''George C. Jenkins''', youn nan direktè '''Consolidation Coal Company''' yo. Paske yo te bezwen bati plizyè santèn kay ak lòt konstriksyon, yo te monte '''nèf izin bwa (sawmills)''' ak '''de faktori brik (brickyards)'''. Yo te konstwi yon '''dynamo''' pou pwodui elektrisite tanporèman pou kay yo. Apre sa, yo te bati yon liy tren etwat tanporè ki te travèse '''Pine Mountain''' soti '''Glamorgan, Virginia''', pou transpòte materyèl ak ekipman ki te nesesè pou devlopman vil la. Gouvènman vil Jenkins te etabli dèske yo te mete tè ak lokal komèsyal yo an vann. Konpayi an te menm bay vil la pwòp '''maréchal''' (ajan lapolis) pa li pou fè respekte lalwa. Finalman, Jenkins te enkòpore kòm yon '''vil sizyèm klas''' nan dat '''9 janvye 1912'''. Jenkins te genyen yon ekip bezbòl nan lig minè ant '''1948''' ak '''1951'''. Ekip la, ki te rele '''Jenkins Cavaliers''', te fè pati '''Mountain States League''' nan nivo '''Class D'''. Yo te jwe match lakay yo nan '''Jenkins Athletic Field'''. Depi '''16 oktòb 1912''', Jenkins genyen yon '''Masonic Lodge Hall''', yon lokal pou manm òganizasyon masonik la. An '''1956''', '''Consolidation Coal''' te vann Jenkins bay '''Bethlehem Steel'''. An '''1988''', '''Bethlehem Steel''' te fèmen min chabon an. '''Diana Baldwin''' ak '''Anita Cherry''', ki te anboche kòm minè an '''1973''', yo kwè se premye fanm Ozetazini ki te travay andedan yon min chabon anba tè. Yo te tou premye fanm ki te manm '''United Mine Workers of America''' pou travay andedan yon min. Tou de te anboche pa '''Beth-Elkhorn Coal Company''' nan Jenkins. Pandan gwo inondasyon ki te frape sidès eta '''Kentucky''' an '''2020''', dlo te debòde sou tèt baraj '''Elkhorn Lake''', ki sitiye anlè Jenkins e ki konsidere kòm youn nan baraj ki pi danjere nan Kentucky. Anviwon '''30%''' nan vil Jenkins ekspoze ak risk inondasyon si baraj la ta kraze, epi vil la pa gen yon plan ijans konplè pou fè fas ak yon sitiyasyon konsa. ==Politik== ==Ekonomi== == referans == == Kèk lyen == [[kategori:vil nan Kentucky]] [[Kategori:Vil nan Etazini]] [[kategori:jewografi]] 2dj74yy6di7swo8dssf1xr84t3daakv 882717 882716 2026-07-13T03:23:51Z 1104s72 38991 882717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{kolektivite tèritoryal |non_lokal=Jenkins |koodone_lat= |koodone_lon= |drapo_imaj= |anblèm_imaj= |tip=vil |dat= |zòn_tip=Eta |zòn=[[Kentucky]] |kapital_tip= |kapital_non=[[Washington]] |chèf_tit= |chèf_non=? |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total= |dlo_pousantaj= |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |rote_mwayen= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total= |popilasyon_dansite= |popilasyon_tip= |aktivite= |kat_anplasman= |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |sitwèb= |kòd_tip=jewografik |kòd= |nòt= }} '''{{PAGENAME}}''' se yon vil [[Etazini]]. Li sitye nan leta [[Kentucky]]. Chèf-lye li se ?. == Istwa == Nan sezon otòn ane 1911, '''[[Consolidation Coal Company]]''' te achte kote vil '''Jenkins''' ye kounye a kòm yon pati nan yon tè ki te mezire anviwon '''100,000 kawo tè''' (40,000 ekta) nan konte '''Pike''', '''Letcher''', ak '''Floyd''', nan men '''Northern Coal and Coke Company'''. Apre acha a te finalize, yo te fè plan pou pwolonje liy tren '''Lexington and Eastern Railroad''' la soti '''Jackson''' rive nan yon vil ki rele '''McRoberts'''. Plan yo te gen ladan tou fondasyon vil '''Jenkins''', ki te resevwa non li an onè '''George C. Jenkins''', youn nan direktè '''Consolidation Coal Company''' yo. Paske yo te bezwen bati plizyè santèn kay ak lòt konstriksyon, yo te monte '''nèf izin bwa (sawmills)''' ak '''de faktori brik (brickyards)'''. Yo te konstwi yon '''dynamo''' pou pwodui elektrisite tanporèman pou kay yo. Apre sa, yo te bati yon liy tren etwat tanporè ki te travèse '''Pine Mountain''' soti '''Glamorgan, Virginia''', pou transpòte materyèl ak ekipman ki te nesesè pou devlopman vil la. Gouvènman vil Jenkins te etabli dèske yo te mete tè ak lokal komèsyal yo an vann. Konpayi an te menm bay vil la pwòp '''maréchal''' (ajan lapolis) pa li pou fè respekte lalwa. Finalman, Jenkins te enkòpore kòm yon '''vil sizyèm klas''' nan dat '''9 janvye 1912'''. Jenkins te genyen yon ekip bezbòl nan lig minè ant '''1948''' ak '''1951'''. Ekip la, ki te rele '''Jenkins Cavaliers''', te fè pati '''Mountain States League''' nan nivo '''Class D'''. Yo te jwe match lakay yo nan '''Jenkins Athletic Field'''. Depi '''16 oktòb 1912''', Jenkins genyen yon '''Masonic Lodge Hall''', yon lokal pou manm òganizasyon masonik la. An '''1956''', '''Consolidation Coal''' te vann Jenkins bay '''Bethlehem Steel'''. An '''1988''', '''Bethlehem Steel''' te fèmen min chabon an. '''Diana Baldwin''' ak '''Anita Cherry''', ki te anboche kòm minè an '''1973''', yo kwè se premye fanm Ozetazini ki te travay andedan yon min chabon anba tè. Yo te tou premye fanm ki te manm '''United Mine Workers of America''' pou travay andedan yon min. Tou de te anboche pa '''Beth-Elkhorn Coal Company''' nan Jenkins. Pandan gwo inondasyon ki te frape sidès eta '''Kentucky''' an '''2020''', dlo te debòde sou tèt baraj '''Elkhorn Lake''', ki sitiye anlè Jenkins e ki konsidere kòm youn nan baraj ki pi danjere nan Kentucky. Anviwon '''30%''' nan vil Jenkins ekspoze ak risk inondasyon si baraj la ta kraze, epi vil la pa gen yon plan ijans konplè pou fè fas ak yon sitiyasyon konsa. ==Politik== ==Ekonomi== == referans == == Kèk lyen == [[kategori:vil nan Kentucky]] [[Kategori:Vil nan Etazini]] [[kategori:jewografi]] 5xil1noz9ev9i0d9143sysf8f38dci1 0 34793 882721 750264 2026-07-13T03:36:42Z 1104s72 38991 882721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{kolektivite tèritoryal |non_lokal= Dakota City |koodone_lat= |koodone_lon= |drapo_Fichye= |anblèm_Fichye= |tip=vil |dat= |zòn_tip=Eta |zòn= [[Nebraska]] |kapital_tip= |kapital_non= |chèf_tit= |chèf_non= |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total= |dlo_pousantaj= |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |rote_mwayen= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total= |popilasyon_dansite= |popilasyon_tip= |aktivite= |kat_anplasman= |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |sitwèb= |kòd_tip=jewografik |kòd= |nòt= }} Dakota City se yon vil epi chèf-lye [[Konte Dakota]], nan eta [[Nebraska]], Etazini. Popilasyon an te 2 081 moun nan resansman ane 2020 an. Pi gwo izin [[Tyson Foods]] pou pwodiksyon vyann bèf la sitiye nan Dakota City. == Istwa == Yo te trase plan vil Dakota City an 1856. Yo te ba li non sa a an lonè pèp Dakota a. Yo te rekonèt Dakota City ofisyèlman kòm yon vil an 1858. Legliz Emmanuel Lutheran nan Dakota City nan lis Rejis Nasyonal pou Sit Istorik yo. Nan dat 1ye me 2020, 669 travayè nan izin Tyson Foods lokal la, yon izin ki okipe zafè anbalaj vyann te pran viris COVID-19 la; sa te lakòz yo fèmen izin nan jiska 4 me pou yo te ka fè netwayaj ak dezenfeksyon. == Relasyon ak Ayiti == * Kominote Ayisyen, relasyon ant eta sa epi Ayiti == Jewografi == Dapre Biwo Resansman Etazini, vil la gen yon sipèfisi total 1,20 mil kare (3,11 km²); ladan l, 1,08 mil kare (2,80 km²) se tè epi 0,12 mil kare (0,31 km²) se dlo. == Ekonomi == == Devlòpman == == Politik == == Edikasyon == == Anviwònman == == referans == == Kèk lyen == [[Kategori:Vil nan Nebraska]] [[Kategori:Vil nan Etazini]] [[Kategori:Jewografi]] ik30cyjs8x7e1eezb5ks3favan9sge4 0 37118 882722 766487 2026-07-13T03:41:05Z 1104s72 38991 882722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{kolektivite tèritoryal |non_lokal= Wilton |koodone_lat= |koodone_lon= |drapo_imaj= |anblèm_imaj= |tip=vil |dat= |zòn_tip=Eta |zòn= [[New York]] |kapital_tip= |kapital_non= |chèf_tit= |chèf_non= |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total= |dlo_pousantaj= |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |rote_mwayen= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total= |popilasyon_dansite= |popilasyon_tip= |aktivite= |kat_anplasman= |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |sitwèb= |kòd_tip=jewografik |kòd= |nòt= }} Wilton se yon vil nan Konte Saratoga, nan eta [[Nou Yòk (eta)|New York]], [[Etazini|Ozetazini]]. Popilasyon li te 17,361 moun dapre resansman ane 2020 an. Vil Wilton sitiye nan pati nòdès konte a, nan nòdès [[Saratoga Springs, New York|Saratoga Springs]], yon vil li pataje fwontyè avèk li. Vil la se yon sant ekonomik lokal epi li gen anpil devlopman rezidansyèl (zòn banlye), sitou lè yo konpare l ak vil vwazen li yo. == Istwa == Istwa == Relasyon ak Ayiti == *Kominote Ayisyen, relasyon ant eta sa epi Ayiti == Jewografi == == Ekonomi == == Devlòpman == == Politik == == Edikasyon == == Anviwònman == == referans == == Kèk lyen == [[kategori:vil nan New York]] [[Kategori:Vil nan Etazini]] [[kategori:jewografi]] b25wlbfv1etxisv4ne3tlpo3s0yp1ep 0 59120 882629 805061 2026-07-12T13:17:17Z Raphael1256 18443 882629 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wii''' ([[Lang japoné|japoné]]: ウィー) se yon [[konsol jwèt videyo]] [[Nintendo]] te komèsyalize. Kòm yon konsole setyèm jenerasyon, Wii a prensipalman te konkiran [[Xbox 360]] ([[Microsoft]]) ak [[PlayStation 3]] ([[Sony Interactive]]) a. Nintendo deklare ke konsole li yo vize yon pi laj demografik pase sa yo ki nan de lòt yo. Kòm nan mwa fevriye 2010, Wii dirije jenerasyon an sou PlayStation 3 ak Xbox 360 nan lavant atravè lemond, ak nan mwa desanm 2009 bat rekò a pou konsole ki pi vann nan yon sèl mwa nan peyi [[Etazini]]. == Jwèt videyo == Yon karakteristik diferan nan konsole a se kontwolè san fil li yo, Wii Remote, ki ka itilize kòm yon aparèy pou mont pòtatif epi detekte mouvman nan twa (3) dimansyon. Yon lòt karakteristik diferan nan konsole a se [[WiiConnect24]], ki pèmèt li resevwa mesaj ak mizajou sou entènèt la pandan y ap nan mòd sibstiti. Wii a se senkyèm konsole lakay Nintendo, siksesè dirèk nan [[Nintendo GameCube]] a, epi li kapab jwe tout jwèt GameCube ofisyèl yo. Nintendo premye te pale de konsole a nan konferans pou laprès E3 2004 la epi pita te revele sistèm nan nan E3 2005 la. prezidan nintendo a [[Satoru Iwata]] devwale yon pwototip nan kontwolè a nan mwa septanm 2005 [[Tokyo Game Show]] la. Nan E3 2006], konsole a te genyen premye nan plizyè prim. Rive [[8 desanm]] 2006, li te konplete lansman li nan kat (4) mache kle yo. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060928040528/http://wii.com/ Sitwèb ofisyèl Wii mondyal ak jeneral] [[Kategori:Enfòmatik]] [[Kategori:Nintendo]] j2hhq57tkgh985xdcpi1nstua6yf3a5 3 67450 882711 882421 2026-07-13T01:20:38Z MediaWiki message delivery 11567 /* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-29 */ nouvelle section 882711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Achiv auto | recherche = oui | âge = 90 jou }} == Modèl:Refsou == Is [[Modèl:Refsou]] the same as [[w:en:Template:Citation needed]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 jiyè 2024 à 17:14 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Of course they are the same, and it is copied from the French version with translation into Haitian Creole [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:37 (UTC) ::So the same as [[Modèl:Referans nesesè]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:56 (UTC) == Thank You for Your Contribution to Feminism and Folklore 2024! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|center|500px]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikimedian, We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor. As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in organizing the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeHYAhFA9Q5vUs9UA1N45TOUxUdSNO8igGTmg4oPUL_qXS1EQ/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] by August 15th, 2024. Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2025. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity. Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia. With warm regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''. --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 jiyè 2024 à 12:28 (UTC) </div>. <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2024&oldid=26557949 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 jiyè 2024 à 01:56 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 jiyè 2024 à 01:44 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27264174 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class. The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies. Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 out 2024 à 01:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27278917 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 out 2024 à 03:19 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27345183 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 septanm 2024 à 01:42 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27357319 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 septanm 2024 à 00:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Voters == Have you invited eligible voters to [[Wikipedya:Administratè#Kitanago 2024-2025]], or would you like me to? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 27 septanm 2024 à 01:56 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], no I don't do it yet. Thanks for helping me! [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:32 (UTC) ::I'll post messages to the more active editors in [[Espesyal:ItilizatèAktif]]. (I have done this for admin elections here for years now.) [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:59 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 septanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as "little Danes". While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 oktòb 2024 à 03:16 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 oktòb 2024 à 02:38 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Request == Hi! Can you please take a look at [[:Kategori:Pou efase]]? Thanks, [[Itilizatè:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:TenWhile6|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 09:36 (UTC) :Okay [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 16:59 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklores 2024 Organizers Feedback == Dear Organizer, [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | right | frameless]] We extend our heartfelt gratitude for your invaluable contributions to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2024 Feminism and Folklore 2024]. Your dedication to promoting feminist perspectives on Wikimedia platforms has been instrumental in the campaign's success. To better understand your initiatives and impact, we invite you to participate in a short survey (5-7 minutes). Your feedback will help us document your achievements in our report and showcase your story in our upcoming blog, highlighting the diversity of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore] initiatives. Click to participate in the [https://forms.gle/dSeoDP1r7S4KCrVZ6 survey]. By participating in the By participating in the survey, you help us share your efforts in reports and upcoming blogs. This will help showcase and amplify your work, inspiring others to join the movement. The survey covers: #Community engagement and participation #Challenges and successes #Partnership Thank you again for your tireless efforts in promoting [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore]. Best regards,<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 14:23, 26 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 oktòb 2024 à 02:05 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 novanm 2024 à 02:17 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == [Reminder] Apply for Cycle 3 Grants by December 1st! == Dear Feminism and Folklore Organizers, We hope this message finds you well. We are excited to inform you that the application window for Wikimedia Foundation's Cycle 3 of our grants is now open. Please ensure to submit your applications by December 1st. For a comprehensive guide on how to apply, please refer to the Wiki Loves Folklore Grant Toolkit: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Grant_Toolkit Additionally, you can find detailed information on the Rapid Grant timeline here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid#Timeline We appreciate your continuous efforts and contributions to our campaigns. Should you have any questions or need further assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out: '''support@wikilovesfolkore.org''' Kind regards, <br> On behalf of the Wiki Loves Folklore International Team. <br> [[User:Joris Darlington Quarshie | Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[User talk:Joris Darlington Quarshie|talk]]) 08:39, 9 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 novanm 2024 à 02:09 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27708700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 novanm 2024 à 02:53 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27735014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 novanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 desanm 2024 à 02:48 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == [Workshop] Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia == Dear Recipient,<br> We are excited to invite you to the third workshop in our Advocacy series, part of the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign. This highly anticipated workshop, titled <b>"Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia,"</b> will be led by the esteemed Alex Stinson, Lead Program Strategist at the Wikimedia Foundation. Don't miss this opportunity to gain valuable insights into forging effective partnerships. ===Workshop Objectives=== * <b>Introduction to Partnerships: </b>Understand the importance of building win-win relationships within the Wikimedia movement. * <b>Strategies for Collaboration: </b>Learn practical strategies for identifying and fostering effective partnerships. * <b>Case Studies:</b> Explore real-world examples of successful partnerships in the Wikimedia community. * <b>Interactive Discussions: </b>Engage in discussions to share experiences and insights on collaboration and advocacy. ===Workshop Details=== 📅 Date: 7th December 2024<br> ⏰ Time: 4:30 PM UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1733589000 Check your local time zone])<br> 📍 Venue: Zoom Meeting ===How to Join:=== Registration Link: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Identifying_Win-Win_Relationships_with_Partners_for_Wikimedia <br> Meeting ID: 860 4444 3016 <br> Passcode: 834088 We welcome participants to bring their diverse perspectives and stories as we drive into the collaborative opportunities within the Wikimedia movement. Together, we’ll explore how these partnerships can enhance our advocacy and community efforts. Thank you, Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 07:34, 03 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Evènman nan Nouyòk == Bonjou ! Demen, dimanch 8 desanm, pral gen yon ti evènman nan Nouyòk, kote mwen pral montre kèk moun ki pale kreyòl ayisyen ki jan yo edite Wikipedia. Nou pral petèt kreye ak modifye kèk atik. Ou se administratè a, donk mwen te vle fè w konnen sa. Mwen pa pale kreyòl ayisyen byen, men mwen ka li ak ekri kreyòl yon ti, ak mwen pral fè tout sa mwen kapab pou gade ki moun sa a edite byen. Mèsi ! [[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Amire80|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 21:02 (UTC) :Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amire80]] ! Pa gen pwoblèm, si ou ta bezwen sipò mwen, pa neglije kontakte m. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 22:43 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 desanm 2024 à 01:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Lang template == In [https://ht.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doctor_Who&oldid=856014 this]: The {{tl|lang}} template here is meant to put a small (80%) language code in the article, like this: {{lang|en|Something}}. It has mostly been used in the ==External links== section. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 12 desanm 2024 à 17:36 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Likewise in wp fr this model is used to indicate the language of a text, of any word. I don't know yet, does it have another role? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 20:20 (UTC) ::I think that [[Template:Lang]] on this wiki might have been intended, when it was originally created, to correspond to [[w:en:Template:In lang]] and not [[w:en:Template:Lang]]. See [[Lis endikatif telefòn entènasyonal pa kòd zòn#Lyen ekstèn]] for one that uses both {{tl|en}} and also {{tl|lang|en||}}. ::80% font size is okay for a note that says <small>(In English)</small>. It's not okay for text in the middle of an article, or in its title: "{{lang|en|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone}} is the first Harry Potter book." Also, I don't really want to see "(en)" in ordinary sentences. ::For pure markup purposes, then the visual editor adds the codes (same menu as other character formatting): <span lang="en" dir="ltr">This is English</span>. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 21:57 (UTC) :::The majority of articles using this template are directly translated from French, mainly using machine translation. Therefore, it is used in the same way as in the French version. If this template were to be changed now, wouldn't it require increased monitoring of translations coming from French? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 22:32 (UTC) ::::Well... that depends on whether the translation method is "Paste raw wikitext into Google Translate and hope that what comes out isn't too broken" or "Use the [[mw:Content translation]] tools, which are designed to map templates to their matching pairs via Wikidata". Google Translate screws up all kinds of things (e.g., turning <code><nowiki>[[Link]]</nowiki></code> into <code>[Link ] ]</code>) so this would be just one more among hundreds of problems it creates. ::::If we want to turn it into a way of wrapping some text in <code><nowiki><span lang="en" dir="ltr"></nowiki></code> tags, then we need to change the template. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 15 desanm 2024 à 02:11 (UTC) :::::I understand, maybe it's a copy of the English or French version? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 03:28 (UTC) ::::::The creator here spoke French, but the creation of this template predates the creation of [[w:fr:Modèle:Lang]] (which has since been renamed "Langue"). Meta-Wiki's and the English Wikipedia's are a couple of months older, but they don't match the formatting. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 20:07 (UTC) :::::::In this sense what do you think is the best solution according to you? We must correct it immediately and avoid the same thing in future articles. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 21:38 (UTC) ::::::::I replaced the template with the one from the English version ([[:en:template:Lang]]) although it will have an effect on the articles that use it, but I think it is better to use it instead ([[:fr:Modèle:en langue]]) <==> ht :([[modèl:Nan lang]]) to better respond. Here you have to scrupulously monitor the articles automatically translated from the French version. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 17 desanm 2024 à 14:41 (UTC) :::::::::That sounds good. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 desanm 2024 à 21:21 (UTC) ::::::::::Great [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 20 desanm 2024 à 18:47 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 01:45 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 desanm 2024 à 02:55 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 in Your Country == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless]] Dear Team, My name is Joris Darlington Quarshie (user: Joris Darlington Quarshie), and I am the Event Coordinator for the Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (WLF) International campaign. Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 is a photographic competition aimed at highlighting folk culture worldwide. The annual international photography competition is held on Wikimedia Commons between the 1st of February and the 31st of March. This campaign invites photographers and enthusiasts of folk culture globally to showcase their local traditions, festivals, cultural practices, and other folk events by uploading photographs to Wikimedia Commons. As we celebrate the seventh anniversary of Wiki Loves Folklore, the international team is thrilled to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and organizations worldwide to host a local edition in their respective countries. This is an opportunity to bring more visibility to the folk culture of your region and contribute valuable content to the internet. * Please find the project page for this year’s edition at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025 * To sign up and organize the event in your country, visit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025/Organize If you wish to organize your local edition in either February or March instead of both months, feel free to let us know. In addition to the photographic competition, there will also be a Wikipedia writing competition called Feminism and Folklore, which focuses on topics related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture on Wikipedia. We welcome your team to organize both the photo and writing campaigns or either one of them in your local Wiki edition. If you are unable to organize both campaigns, feel free to share this opportunity with other groups or organizations in your region that may be interested. * You can find the Feminism and Folklore project page here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 * The page to sign up is: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page For any questions or to discuss further collaboration, feel free to contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. If your team wishes to connect via a meeting to discuss this further, please let us know. We look forward to your participation in Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 and to seeing the incredible folk culture of your region represented on Wikimedia Commons. Sincerely, The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 08:50, 27 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 desanm 2024 à 02:37 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28019313 --> == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, My name is [[User:SAgbley|Stella Agbley]], and I am the Event Coordinator for the Feminism and Folklore 2025 (FnF) International campaign. We're thrilled to announce the Feminism and Folklore 2025 writing competition, held in conjunction with Wiki Loves Folklore 2025! This initiative focuses on enriching Wikipedia with content related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture. === Why Host the Competition? === * Empower voices: Provide a platform for discussions on feminism and its intersection with folk culture. * Enrich Wikipedia: Contribute valuable content to Wikipedia on underrepresented topics. * Raise awareness: Increase global understanding of these important issues. === Exciting Prizes Await! === We're delighted to acknowledge outstanding contributions with a range of prizes: **International Recognition:** * 1st Prize: $300 USD * 2nd Prize: $200 USD * 3rd Prize: $100 USD * Consolation Prizes (Top 10): $50 USD each **Local Recognition (Details Coming Soon!):** Each participating Wikipedia edition (out of 40+) will offer local prizes. Stay tuned for announcements! All prizes will be distributed in a convenient and accessible manner. Winners will receive major brand gift cards or vouchers equivalent to the prize value in their local currency. === Ready to Get Involved? === Learn more about Feminism and Folklore 2025: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 Feminism and Folklore 2025] Sign Up to Organize a Campaign: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page Campaign Sign-Up Page] === Collaboration is Key! === Whether you choose to organize both photo and writing competitions (Wiki Loves Folklore and Feminism and Folklore) or just one, we encourage your participation. If hosting isn't feasible, please share this opportunity with interested groups in your region. === Let's Collaborate! === For questions or to discuss further collaboration, please contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. We're happy to schedule a meeting to discuss details further. Together, let's celebrate women's voices and enrich Wikipedia with valuable content! Thank you, **Wiki Loves Folklore International Team** </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:02, 05 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of "national security". The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 janvye 2025 à 03:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28070038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Julemerke]])&#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 janvye 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28086717 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 janvye 2025 à 01:20 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28099770 --> == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 26 janvye 2025 à 06:24 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Doc James@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam ("Great Leader"). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 janvye 2025 à 01:30 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28156501 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 fevriye 2025 à 12:21 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 fevriye 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 fevriye 2025 à 01:21 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28245290 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative "informal and ad-hoc group" in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 fevriye 2025 à 02:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28300238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 mas 2025 à 01:50 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 mas 2025 à 02:50 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Join Us Today: Amplify Women’s Stories on Wikipedia! == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, {{quote|Join us this International Women’s Month to uncover hidden stories and reshape cultural narratives! Dive into an interactive workshop where we’ll illuminate gaps in folklore and women’s history on Wikipedia—and take action to ensure their legacies are written into history.}} Facilitated by '''Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight''', this workshop will explore how to identify and curate missing stories about women’s contributions to culture and heritage. Let’s work together to amplify voices that have been overlooked for far too long! == Event Details == * '''📅 Date''': Today (15 March 2025) * '''⏰ Time''': 4:00 PM UTC ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Convert to your time zone]) * '''📍 Platform''': [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87522074523?pwd=0EEz1jfr4i9d9Nvdm3ioTaFdRGZojJ.1 Zoom Link] * '''🔗 Session''': [[meta:Event:Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities|Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities]] * '''🆔 Meeting ID''': 860 8747 3266 * '''🔑 Passcode''': FNF@2025 == Participation == Whether you’re a seasoned editor or new to Wikipedia, this is your chance to contribute to a more inclusive historical record. ''Bring your curiosity and passion—we’ll provide the tools and guidance!'' '''Let’s make history ''her'' story too.''' See you there! Best regards,<br> '''Joris Quarshie'''<br> [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]] <div style="margin-top:1em; text-align:center;"> Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|msg]]) 07:15, 24 March 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive. Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of "immense artistic value" by Le Monde. It has also been described as the "Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema" by The Guardian. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 mas 2025 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28392163 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 mas 2025 à 01:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28433698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 31 mas 2025 à 03:52 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 7 avril 2025 à 01:54 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 avril 2025 à 02:27 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 avril 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28559524 --> == Invitation: Gendering the Archive - Building Inclusive Folklore Repositories (April 30th) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, You are invited to a hands-on session focused on [[meta:Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation|Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation]]. This online workshop will guide participants on how to create, edit, and expand gender-inclusive folklore articles and multimedia archives on Wikipedia and Wikidata. The session will be led by Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu. === Objectives === * '''Design Inclusive Repositories:''' Learn best practices for structuring folklore archives that foreground gender perspectives. * '''Hands-On Editing:''' Practice creating and improving articles and items on Wikipedia and Wikidata with a gender-inclusive lens. * '''Collaborative Mapping:''' Work in small groups to plan new entries and multimedia uploads that document underrepresented voices. * '''Advocacy & Outreach:''' Discuss strategies to promote and sustain these repositories within your local and online communities. === Details === * '''Date:''' 30th April 2025 * '''Day:''' Wednesday * '''Time:''' 16:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) * '''Venue:''' Online (Zoom) * '''Speaker:''' Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu (Co-founder, Wikimedia Rwanda & Community Engagement Director) === How to Join === * '''Zoom Link:''' [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89158738825?pwd=ezEgXbAqwq9KEr499DvJxSzZyXSVQX Join here] * '''Meeting ID:''' 891 5873 8825 * '''Passcode:''' FNF@2025 * '''Add to Calendar:''' [https://zoom.us/meeting/tZ0scuGvrTMiGNH4I3T7EEQmhuFJkuCHL7Ci/ics?meetingMasterEventId=Xv247OBKRMWeJJ9LSbX2hA Add to your calendar] '''' === Agenda === # Welcome & Introductions: Opening remarks and participant roll-call. # Presentation: Overview of gender-inclusive principles and examples of folklore archives. # Hands-On Workshop: Step-by-step editing on Wikipedia and Wikidata—create or expand entries. # Group Brainstorm: Plan future repository items in breakout groups. # Q&A & Discussion: Share challenges, solutions, and next steps. # Closing Remarks: Summarise key takeaways and outline follow-up actions. We look forward to seeing you there! Best regards,<br> Stella<br> Feminism and Folklore Organiser -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 10:28, 24 April 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=28399508 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 avril 2025 à 00:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 me 2025 à 07:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 me 2025 à 02:28 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28709947 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 me 2025 à 02:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28731710 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Tread plate]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato. We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 me 2025 à 06:04 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28751788 --> == Kanada == Bonjou, Nan paj [[Kanada]], mwen te wè ou te modifye infobox la avèk youn Wikipedya fransè. Tradiksyon an infobox sa a pa komplete, ou vle tradui li oubyen mwen ka fè sa mwen mèm ? (Petèt fen semèn sa a) [[Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|HalikhSovar78]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|diskisyon]]) 1 jen 2025 à 16:15 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 jen 2025 à 05:39 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 jen 2025 à 02:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Future self]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 jen 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == You're invited: Feminism and Folklore Advocacy Session – June 20! == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> Hello {{PAGENAME}} [[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]] We are pleased to invite you to an inspiring session in the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign Advocacy Series titled: 🎙️ Documenting Indigenous Women’s Wisdom: The Role of Grandmothers and Elders<br> 🗓 Friday, June 20, 2025<br> ⏰ 4:00 PM UTC<br> 🌍 Online – [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/86470824823?pwd=s7ruwuxrradtJNcZLVT9EyClb8g7ho.1 Zoom link]<br> 👤 Facilitator: Obiageli Ezeilo (Wiki for Senior Citizens Network)<br> Join us as we explore how the oral teachings of grandmothers and elders preserve cultural heritage and influence today’s feminist movements. Learn how to document these narratives using Wikimedia platforms! 🔗 Event Page & Details: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Documenting_Indigenous_Women%E2%80%99s_Wisdom:_The_Role_of_Grandmothers_and_Elders This session includes:<br> ✔️ A keynote presentation<br> ✔️ Story-sharing interactive segment<br> ✔️ Q&A + tools for documenting women’s wisdom on Wikimedia<br> We hope to see you there! Warm regards,<br> Stella<br> On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 23:49, 17 June 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=28399508 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 jen 2025 à 01:18 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 jen 2025 à 02:05 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 7 jiyè 2025 à 02:10 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> ---[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 jiyè 2025 à 13:44 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28945528 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 jiyè 2025 à 01:28 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28984647 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 jiyè 2025 à 01:40 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29047614 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 out 2025 à 01:21 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29077280 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 out 2025 à 02:20 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29085671 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 out 2025 à 02:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 out 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 1 septanm 2025 à 02:40 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ja:トンスル]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee. Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 8 septanm 2025 à 02:28 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the "Kapsan faction". This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 15 septanm 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29249252 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 septanm 2025 à 02:45 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29311347 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori. Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 septanm 2025 à 00:58 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 oktòb 2025 à 12:48 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 oktòb 2025 à 01:06 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 oktòb 2025 à 02:04 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29452019 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 oktòb 2025 à 02:51 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29487357 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 novanm 2025 à 01:52 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29558323 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity. For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 novanm 2025 à 01:54 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29584005 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 novanm 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement. There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 novanm 2025 à 02:13 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> Bonjou Kitanago Mwen ekri w jis pou w sa banm yon ti limyè Pou kisa apre konkou wiki kreyolo yo, pa g on kote Ki montre ganyan yo ak prim ke yo resevwa an? == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The term "'''halachic state'''" (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 1 desanm 2025 à 08:01 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 8 desanm 2025 à 02:29 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Hope you’re doing well. I’m reaching out with some exciting updates about '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''. Thanks to the amazing support from organizers like you, the campaign has grown into one of the biggest and most collaborative initiatives in the entire Wikimedia movement. Your efforts have played a huge part in that, and we’re truly grateful. We’re hoping to make the 2026 edition even larger and even more community-driven. We’d be very happy to have you join again as an organizer. The sign-up process is simple this year: #Create your local event page (you can copy from the [[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore/Sample|sample]]) #Set up your Fountain or [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/ CampWiz] campaign. #Add your campaign link to the 2026 '''[[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2026/Project_Page|registration list]]''' The focus of the campaign remains the same - creating or expanding Wikipedia content on feminism, women’s issues, gender topics, and diverse folk traditions from around the world. International and local prizes will continue as before. '''Special Prize for 2026:''' Every participant will receive a Wikipedia 25 digital postcard as a token of appreciation for contributing to the global movement during Wikipedia’s 25th anniversary year. This will be sent to all contributors who take part in the campaign. We’re also adding an optional one-time internet and childcare support for organizers who may need extra assistance to carry out their local campaign. This is entirely optional and meant to help those who might otherwise face challenges in organizing. More details will be shared soon. If you’re unable to organize this year, no worries at all - please feel free to share the invitation with others in your community who might be interested. If you have any questions or would like to discuss plans, you can reach us on the [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026|talk page]] or by email. Looking forward to collaborating again, '''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 desanm 2025 à 18:18 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf25&oldid=29792058 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 15 desanm 2025 à 01:56 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29779168 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 desanm 2025 à 02:26 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Atik == Men mwen pral montre w atik sa a: <nowiki>https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic</nowiki> Sa a se yon mizisyen franse ki pa byen koni, li pa gen notoryete pou l gen yon atik sou Wikipedya. Li kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li. Atik sa a li menm te kreye l epi li gen anpil enfòmasyon trivial sou li, sa ki fè l fè pwomosyon pou tèt li isit la. Pèsonn pa konnen enfòmasyon sa yo sou li eksepte tèt li. Li se yon sockpuppet ki te deja pini anvan e menm yo te bloke kont li, men li kreye plizyè kont kòmsi li te yon sockpuppet pou l evite pinisyon. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2025-42618-52|&#126;2025-42618-52]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2025-42618-52|discussion]]) 23 desanm 2025 à 13:23 (UTC) :The user of the request above is using one of Amy Ivy's temporary accounts. This user is blocked on most other versions of Wikipedia for vandalism and spam, and they're doing it again; it's all they do all day. They enjoy destroying articles with small accounts and a large number of temporary ones. Look at Amy Ivy's main account to see for yourself. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2025-42722-69|&#126;2025-42722-69]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2025-42722-69|discussion]]) 24 desanm 2025 à 14:14 (UTC) ::Hello @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], this article has now been improved and sources have been added. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2025-43035-10|&#126;2025-43035-10]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2025-43035-10|discussion]]) 26 desanm 2025 à 03:55 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 desanm 2025 à 02:20 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 janvye 2026 à 03:00 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29871911 --> == Atik == Gade atik nèg sa a; li pa satisfè kondisyon notoryete yo. Mizisyen sa a pa popilè, men l ap eseye ak tout pri pou l jwenn yon atik Wikipedya. Li deja kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li isit la. Se yon moun sòt; li ekri atik yo sou tèt li. Donk m ap mande w, kijan yon nèg konsa moun pa konnen ka gen tout enfòmasyon sa yo isit la? Menm bagay pèsonèl li yo nan atik sa a; li menm li ekri l, pa vre? San mansyone nouvèl sa yo, ki te piblikasyon peye oswa ki te ekri sou lòd li pou fè pwomosyon pou tèt li. Se yon moun ki anvi atansyon ak validasyon, men Wikipedya gen kritè pa l, epi li pa satisfè yo. Analize l epi efase l. →<nowiki>[https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic]</nowiki> [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-11261-6|&#126;2026-11261-6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-11261-6|discussion]]) 6 janvye 2026 à 14:07 (UTC) :Bypassing [[metawiki:Special:CentralAuth/AmyIvy|AmyIvy]]<nowiki> user block through multiple temporary accounts + continuous spam and vandalism despite the warnings and blockages ~~~~</nowiki> [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-11577-7|&#126;2026-11577-7]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-11577-7|discussion]]) 6 janvye 2026 à 14:28 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso. Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 janvye 2026 à 01:45 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29894468 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear {{BASEPAGENAME}}, We are pleased to invite you to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and women. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support *For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. * Join the office hours on 23 January 2026 and connect with the international Team. ([[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|sign up now]]) If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp;[[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 janvye 2026 à 16:31 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf25&oldid=29949330 --> == Vandalis twòp sou yon peryòd tan ki long == Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], yon itilizatè ki bloke pou abi kont ak vandalis ap itilize plizyè kont tanporè pou kontourne bloke a epi vandalize ansiklopedi a. Yo regilyèman vize menm atik la, retire paragraf ak sous nan medya serye menm apre yo fin etabli lejitimite atik la. Li ta pi bon pou pran aksyon kont plizyè kont tanporè pwoblèmatik sa yo oswa pou pwoteje paj la. Mèsi. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-38626-5|&#126;2026-38626-5]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-38626-5|discussion]]) 18 janvye 2026 à 22:51 (UTC) :Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], moun ki kache dèyè kont tanporè yo pou vandalize a frape ankò. Piske yo pa gen anyen pi bon pou yo fè ak lavi yo, ou ta dwe pran mezi pou anpeche yo kontinye deranje Wikipedya. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-51934-9|&#126;2026-51934-9]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-51934-9|discussion]]) 24 janvye 2026 à 11:30 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze. Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 janvye 2026 à 02:14 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese. Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome. Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 janvye 2026 à 02:05 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 fevriye 2026 à 02:32 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!--Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240--> == Atik == Gade atik nèg sa a; li pa satisfè kondisyon notoryete yo. Mizisyen sa a pa popilè, men l ap eseye ak tout pri pou l jwenn yon atik Wikipedya. Li deja kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li isit la. Se yon moun sòt; li ekri atik yo sou tèt li. Donk m ap mande w, kijan yon nèg konsa moun pa konnen ka gen tout enfòmasyon sa yo isit la? Menm bagay pèsonèl li yo nan atik sa a; li menm li ekri l, pa vre? San mansyone nouvèl sa yo, ki te piblikasyon peye oswa ki te ekri sou lòd li pou fè pwomosyon pou tèt li. Se yon moun ki anvi atansyon ak validasyon, men Wikipedya gen kritè pa l, epi li pa satisfè yo. Analize l epi efase l. →<nowiki>https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic</nowiki> [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-72028-6|&#126;2026-72028-6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-72028-6|discussion]]) 2 fevriye 2026 à 13:44 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 fevriye 2026 à 03:59 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 fevriye 2026 à 13:45 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 fevriye 2026 à 11:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Atik == Gade atik nèg sa a; li pa satisfè kondisyon notoryete yo. Mizisyen sa a pa popilè, men l ap eseye ak tout pri pou l jwenn yon atik Wikipedya. Li deja kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li isit la. Se yon moun sòt; li ekri atik yo sou tèt li. Donk m ap mande w, kijan yon nèg konsa moun pa konnen ka gen tout enfòmasyon sa yo isit la? Menm bagay pèsonèl li yo nan atik sa a; li menm li ekri l, pa vre? San mansyone nouvèl sa yo, ki te piblikasyon peye oswa ki te ekri sou lòd li pou fè pwomosyon pou tèt li. Se yon moun ki anvi atansyon ak validasyon, men Wikipedya gen kritè pa l, epi li pa satisfè yo. Analize l epi efase l. →<nowiki>https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic</nowiki> [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-12378-61|&#126;2026-12378-61]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-12378-61|discussion]]) 25 fevriye 2026 à 18:44 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would "not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland". It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 mas 2026 à 02:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 mas 2026 à 07:31 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 mas 2026 à 02:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 mas 2026 à 02:07 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 mas 2026 à 02:37 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 avril 2026 à 12:27 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 avril 2026 à 02:56 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 avril 2026 à 02:34 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30430366 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 avril 2026 à 02:04 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30449041 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 28 avril 2026 à 18:33 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471754 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 me 2026 à 12:16 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30464799 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 me 2026 à 02:53 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30513945 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 me 2026 à 04:05 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as "The Forbidden Fruit"). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a "scientific fraud". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 me 2026 à 02:32 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Umuganda"Rwandan community work".jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine. The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 1 jen 2026 à 01:55 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:kr:주령구]])&#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata. L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 8 jen 2026 à 01:20 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30622359 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 15 jen 2026 à 02:24 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30662919 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 jen 2026 à 01:52 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Facial age estimation]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Facial age estimation''' is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div>--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 jen 2026 à 00:44 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Paulo César Vinha State Park]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Capim dourado.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Paulo César Vinha State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha) is a state park in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 jiyè 2026 à 01:35 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Caledonian MacBrayne]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cal-Mac HQ2005.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Caledonian MacBrayne''', in short form CalMac, is the trade name of CalMac Ferries Ltd, the major operator of passenger and vehicle ferries to the west coast of Scotland, serving ports on the mainland and 22 of the major islands. It is a subsidiary of holding company David MacBrayne, which is owned by the Scottish Government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 jiyè 2026 à 01:20 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> omoclmb5drefflm4nm77q1t613dtrd4 0 69810 882693 733106 2026-07-12T20:19:12Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 882693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Arlette Langmann |foto= |tèks=Arlette Langmann |fonksyon=senaris, dyalogis, montèz ak aktris |domèn=Sinema, televizyon, teyat |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[3 avril]] [[1946]] |lye nesans=[[Pari]] |peyi nesans=[[Frans]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite= franse |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Arlette Langmann''', ki fèt [[3 avril]] [[1946]] nan [[Pari]] ([[Frans]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinema-francais.fr/les_scenaristes/langmann_arlette.htm |title=Kopi achiv |access-date=2019-01-26 |archive-date=2018-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408152625/http://www.cinema-francais.fr/les_scenaristes/langmann_arlette.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> se yon senaris, dyalogis, montèz ak aktris fransèz. Li se sè [[Claude Berri]]. Li pataje lavi [[Jean-Paul Camail]] epi [[Maurice Pialat]]. == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == === Tankou aktris === * [[1976]] : ''[[Les lolos de Lola]]'' de [[Bernard Dubois (reyalizatè)|Bernard Dubois]] === Tankou montèz === * [[1970]] : ''[[La Maison des bois]]'' de [[Maurice Pialat]] * [[1972]] : ''[[Nous ne vieillirons pas ensemble]]'' de [[Maurice Pialat]] * [[1974]] : ''[[La Gueule ouverte (fim)|La Gueule ouverte]]'' de [[Maurice Pialat]] * [[1978]] : ''[[Passe ton bac d'abord]]'' de [[Maurice Pialat]] * [[1980]] : ''[[Je vous aime (fim)|Je vous aime]]'' de [[Claude Berri]] * [[1981]] : ''[[Le Maître d'école]]'' de [[Claude Berri]] * [[1985]] : ''[[Le Fou de guerre]]'' de [[Dino Risi]] * [[1986]] : ''[[Jean de Florette (fim)|Jean de Florette]]'' de [[Claude Berri]] === Tankou senaris === * [[1968]] : ''[[L'Enfance nue]]'' de [[Maurice Pialat]] * [[1980]] : ''[[Loulou (fim, 1980)|Loulou]]'' de [[Maurice Pialat]] * [[1983]] : ''[[À nos amours]]'' de [[Maurice Pialat]] * [[1989]] : ''[[La Fille de 15 ans]]'' de [[Jacques Doillon]] * [[1989]] : ''[[Chimère (fim, 1989)|Chimère]]'' de [[Claire Devers]] * [[1990]] : ''[[Uranus (fim)|Uranus]]'' de [[Claude Berri]] * [[1991]] : ''[[Nord (fim)|Nord]]'' de [[Xavier Beauvois]] * [[1992]] : ''[[Nous deux]]'' de [[Henri Graziani]] * [[1993]] : ''[[Les Amoureux (fim, 1994)|Les Amoureux]]'' de [[Catherine Corsini]] * [[1993]] : ''[[Germinal (fim, 1993)|Germinal]]'' de [[Claude Berri]] * [[1995 au cinéma|1995]] : ''[[Circuit Carole (fim)|Circuit Carole]]'' de [[Emmanuelle Cuau]] * [[1996]] : ''[[Les Victimes (fim)|Les Victimes]]'' de [[Patrick Grandperret]] * [[1999]] : ''[[Le Vent de la nuit (fim)|Le vent de la nuit]]'' de [[Philippe Garrel]] * [[1999]] : ''[[La Débandade (fim)|La Débandade]]'' de [[Claude Berri]] * [[2001]] : ''[[Sauvage innocence]]'' de [[Philippe Garrel]] * [[2005]] : ''[[Les Amants réguliers]]'' de [[Philippe Garrel]] * [[2008]] : ''[[La Frontière de l'aube]]'' de [[Philippe Garrel]] * [[2013]] : ''[[La Jalousie (film, 2013)|La Jalousie]]'' de [[Philippe Garrel]] * [[2015]] : ''[[L'Ombre des femmes]]'' de [[Philippe Garrel]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0486624/ Arlette Langmann] sou IMDb * [http://www.cineressources.net/recherche_t_r.php?type=PNP&pk=28588 Arlette Langmann] sou cineressources.net {{DEFAULTSORT:Langmann, Arlette}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè franse]] [[Kategori:Senaris sinema]] [[Kategori:Senaris franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1946]] rzti26lbodl0xb4vgk162199hw6rljr 0 72501 882648 880270 2026-07-12T15:29:32Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 882648 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agrikilti rezone''' se yon apwòch an [[Frans]] ki aplike a [[Agrikilti|pwodiksyon agrikòl ki]] pran an kont pwoteksyon anviwònman an, [[Lasante|sante]] ak byennèt bèt. Prensip prensipal la nan agrikilti rezone se optimize rezilta ekonomik la pa kontwole kantite entran itilize. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.actu-environnement.com/ae/dictionnaire_environnement/definition/agriculture_raisonnee.php4|title=Définition de Agriculture raisonnée|language=fr|access-date=2016-09-18}}</ref> Itilize pa otorite franse yo depi 2002, li te abandone an favè sètifikasyon anviwònmantal an . Konsèp la se pa byen sinonim ak agrikilti entegre, yon konsèp ki se tou itilize deyò Lafrans. == Konsèp == Daprè Dekrè No 2002-631 nan dat 25 avril 2002, "Metòd pwodiksyon rezone nan agrikilti konsiste nan aplikasyon an pa kiltivatè a sou fèm antye li nan yon apwòch global sa a, mwayen teknik ak pratik agrikòl selon egzijans agrikilti rezone".<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://agriculture.gouv.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/d_2002_631.pdf|title=Décret n° 2002-631 du 25 avril 2002 relatif à la qualification des exploitations agricoles au titre de l’agriculture raisonnée|access-date=7 janvye 2009|archive-date=2009-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205141213/http://agriculture.gouv.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/d_2002_631.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Referansyèl lan se pou respè anviwònman an, kontwòl risk sanitè, sante ak sekirite nan travay ak byennèt bèt yo. 103 kondisyon nasyonal li yo (katrevendis-uit (98) inisyal an 2002, senk (5) adisyonèl an 2005) konsène an patikilye<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://agriculture.gouv.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/a_300402_ref.pdf|title=Arrêté du 30 avril 2002 relatif au référentiel de l’agriculture raisonnée|access-date=7 janvye 2009|archive-date=2009-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205141205/http://agriculture.gouv.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/a_300402_ref.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000628161&dateTexte=#JORFARTI000001100891|title=Arrêté du 20 avril 2005 modifiant l'arrêté du 30 avril 2002 relatif au référentiel de l'agriculture raisonnée|access-date=16 janvye 2009}}</ref> : * aksede pou kiltivatè a ak anplwaye li yo nan enfòmasyon ak fòmasyon ki nesesè yo ka fè eksplwatasyon agrikòl la ; * aplike yon sistèm pou anrejistre ak siveyans operasyon te pote soti ak pwodui yo itilize pou bezwen yo nan kilti ak bèt ; * kontwòle entran agrikòl ak [[Dlo ize|eflyan]] ak dechè ki te pwodui pa fèm lan; * itilize avèk jistifikasyon nan mwayen apwopriye pou pwoteksyon kilti ak sante bèt nan fèm lan; * ekilibre fètilizasyon kilti; * aplike pratik nan kilti ki pèmèt prezèvasyon tè ak limite risk polisyon an ; * patisipe nan yon jesyon ekonomik ak ekilibre nan resous dlo ; * aplike règ nan domèn sekirite sanitè ak [[ijyèn]] ; * pran an kont bezwen bèt yo pou manje ak byennèt ; * kontribe pou fèm nan pwoteksyon nan peyizaj ak [[biyodivèsite]]. == Istwa == Konsèp la, ki itilize sèlman nan Frans, te ankouraje pa Forum nan Kiltivatè yo ki Responsab Respekte anviwònman an (FARRE). Soti nan 2002 ak 2013, konsèp la te reglemante pa pouvwa piblik (Ministè Agrikilti ak Ekoloji) atravè yon sètifikasyon. Pa desizyon Komisyon Nasyonal pou Sètifikasyon Anviwònman (CNCE) sou 9 oktòb 2013, yon dekrè.<ref>{{fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20220302224312/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jopdf/common/jo_pdf.jsp?numJO=0&dateJO=20140218&numTexte=00001&pageDebut=00001&pageFin= legifrance]</ref> aboli sètifikasyon agrikilti rezone e apwouve « tranzisyon definitif soti nan agrikilti rezone nan sètifikasyon anviwònman an » <ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://agriculture.gouv.fr/La-commission-nationale-de-la|title=Communiqué du ministère de l'Agriculture du 15/10/2013}}</ref> Sètifikasyon sa a gen twa (3) nivo, pi wo a ki se labèl la agrikilti "Haute Valeur Environnementale" (HVE).<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://agriculture.gouv.fr/sites/minagri/files/1506-ae-dep-certificationenvironnement-bd-11.pdf|title=Une certification environnementale pour les exploitations agricoles|date=|website=agriculture.gouv.fr|access-date=30 me 2016|archive-date=2022-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120080633/https://agriculture.gouv.fr/sites/minagri/files/1506-ae-dep-certificationenvironnement-bd-11.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Kritik == Forum nan Kiltivatè ki Responsab Respekte anviwònman an, ki fè pwomosyon agrikilti rezone, sesa a se tankou<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amisdelaterre.org/FARRE-l-Agriculture-Raisonnee-ou-un-drole-de-reseau-de-protecteurs.html|title=FARRE : l’Agriculture Raisonnée ou... un drôle de réseau de "protecteurs". - Les Amis de la Terre|date=20 jiyè 2009|website=amisdelaterre.org|access-date=25 out 2019}}</ref> yon emanasyon nan aktè prensipal yo nan agrikilti entansif. {{Article connexe|Forum des agriculteurs responsables respectueux de l'environnement#Critiques {{!}} Critiques du FARRE}} Pou François Veillerette ak Fabrice Nicolino, agrikilti rezone pa kesyon ase metòd agrikilti entansif yo. Inivèsitè Isabelle Doussan kwè referansyèl lan pou agrikilti rezone pa reyèlman diferan de règ ki deja etabli pou pwoteksyon anviwònman an. Opozan [Ki moun?] konsèp sa a regrète ke sou 103 egzijans nasyonal yo ki nan lis : * karant-senk (45) yo, se sèlman egzijans reglemantè, se konsa aplikasyon an pi ak senp nan lwa a, pou egzanp, "Sèlman itilize pwodui avèk otorizasyon pou mache", oswa, nan ka a nan bèt yo : "Fè kontwol sanitè ki gen rapò avèk maladi reglemante ", gen pwopriyete ak estanda fitosanitè. . . Obligasyon reglemantè sa yo enkli nan referansyèl sa yo jan li te konsidere malè ke yon sètifikasyon anviwònman ta kapab bay yon kiltivatè ki echwe pou konfòme li avèk règlemantasyon anviwònman esansyèl ; * diznèf (19) yo se angajman ke kiltivatè a dwe respekte nan de (2) ane nan akòde kalifikasyon li yo. Sepandan, angajman sa yo dwe onore paske verifikasyon an nan aplikasyon yo te fèt pa yon kò sètifikatè endepandan ; * pou trant-nèf (39) lòt règ ke kiltivatè a dwe respekte yo nan lòd yo gen sètifikasyon li yo, yo jeneralman konpoze de yon vilgarizasyon nan pratik agri-anviwònmantal bon. Opozan nan agrikilti rezone, si yo admèt ke konsèp sa a ka pèmèt yon pi gwo konsyans nan fèmye yo nan anviwònman an, kritike li pou pa pral byen lwen ase nan entèdi yo (GMO yo gen dwa nan agrikilti rezone) oswa nan limitasyon (pratik yo mande nan agrikilti rezone mennen nan optimize kantite pwodui yo itilize men pa gen estanda maksimòm nasyonal) . == Relasyon ak agrikilti entegre == Enstiti Nasyonal pou Rechèch Agronomik pa itilize konsèp agrikilti "rezone", franse ak san yon definisyon entènasyonal, men plis presizyon nan agrikilti entegre nan pwogram rechèch li yo <ref>[http://www.inra.fr/presse/production_integree INRA - Production intégrée]</ref> ; men sa pa kouvri menm pratik yo. Diksyonè franse Larousse a ilistre (100tyèm edisyon, 2005, paj 895) di : « Agrikilti rezone  : metòd pwodiksyon nan yon fèm ki gen pou objektif pou rekonsilye respè pou anviwònman an, sekirite ak rentabilité ekonomik. Synonyme  : agrikilti entegre " . == Gade tou == * Vitikilti rezone * Fèmye responsab Fowòm respè nan anviwònman an == Referans == {{Referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070607221854/http://www.farre.org/ FARRE, ofisyèl sou sitwèb] * [http://agriculture.gouv.fr/sections/publications/bulletin-officiel/2008/bo-n-49-du-04-12-08/arrete-du-05-11-2008 Tèks ofisyèl ki reglemante agrikilti dirab an Frans (Ministè Agrikilti)] [[Kategori:Agrikilti]] 93e6pvzzj82mni08ckwv3cte5t1ycdb 0 75086 882708 820334 2026-07-13T00:43:36Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 882708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Black''''' (an [[Lang kore|koreyen]] : 블랙, ''Beullaek'') se yon [[seri televizyon]] [[Kore disid|sidkoreyèn]] difize an [[2017]] sou [[OCN]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3036751 |title=Song Sung-heon, Go A-ra cast in OCN drama |access-date=2020-07-05 |archive-date=2020-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705094802/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3036751 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://www.ibtimes.sg/ocns-black-go-ara-song-seung-heon-confirmed-grim-reaper-drama-11939 OCN's Black: Go Ara and Song Seung Heon confirmed for grim reaper drama]</ref> == Aktè == * [[Song Seung-heon]] kòm detektif Han Moo-gang / Black (Sin vòlè #444) * [[Go Ara]] kòm Kang Ha-ram * [[Lee El]] kòm Yoon Soo-wan * [[Kim Dong-jun]] kòm Oh Man-soo == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7298976/ Black] sou IMDb * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180210002437/http://program.tving.com/ocn/black Sitwèb ofisyèl Black] sou program.tving.com [[Kategori:2017]] [[Kategori:Televizyon]] [[Kategori:Seri televizyon]] [[Kategori:Seri sidkoreyèn]] 8kvdikv26nt6yl3ls8i3vknnl5gm4z3 0 79088 882633 786562 2026-07-12T15:07:13Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 882633 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adriana Acosta''', ki fèt [[1973]] nan [[Meksiko]] ([[Meksik]]), se yon aktris ak cnantèz meksikèn.<ref>{{es}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.seriesweb.com/asp/actor.asp?actor=12480|title=Adriana Acosta|accessdate=2020-12-22|website=seriesweb.com|archive-date=2021-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527135709/http://www.seriesweb.com/asp/actor.asp?actor=12480|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Biyografi == == Zèv li yo == === Televizyon === * ''[[Dame chocolate]]'' (2007) - Matilde * ''[[Ángel rebelde]]'' (2004) - Rosa "Rosita" Rosales Pérez * ''[[¡Vivan los niños!]]'' (2002-2003) - Graciela "Chela" de Batalla * ''[[Carita de ángel]]'' (2000-2001) - Sè Fortunata Rico<ref>{{es}} {{Cite web|url=https://buenamente.com/post/asi-luce-el-reparto-de-carita-de-angel-17-anos-despues-de-su-estreno-bm/|title=Así luce el reparto de “Carita de Ángel” 17 años después de su estreno – Buena Mente|accessdate=2020-12-22}}</ref> * ''[[Amor gitano (telenovela, Meksik)|Amor gitano]]'' (1999) - Cleopatra * ''[[Mujer, casos de la vida real]]'' (1998-2003) * ''[[Luz Clarita]]'' (1996-1997) - Panchita<ref>{{es}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jessicalima/estas-son-las-transformaciones-de-antes-y-despues-del-elenco|title=Imágenes impresionantes de antes y después del elenco de Luz Clarita|accessdate=2020-12-22|author=Jessica Lima|publisher=BuzzFeed}}</ref> * ''[[Agujetas de color de rosa]]'' (1994-1995) - Curvas peligrosas == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nmnm0010153/ Adriana Acosta] sou IMDb {{DEFAULTSORT:Acosta, Adriana}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fanm]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] [[Kategori:Aktè sinema]] [[Kategori:Aktè televizyon]] [[Kategori:Aktè meksiken]] ncdl2tzsl94ha3azdwnpn3q61cxq3hy 0 88903 882707 878348 2026-07-12T22:47:30Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 882707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Pèsonalite politik | charte = international | non = Ban Ki-moon<br />반기문 | imaj = Ban Ki-moon 1-2.jpg | lejand = | fonksyon 1 = [[Lis Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini|Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini]] | a pati fonksyon 1 = 1 janvye 2007 | jiska fonksyon1 = 31 desanm 2016 | eleksyon1 = {{dat|13|Oktòb|2006}} | reeleksyon1 = {{dat|21|jen|2011}} | prezidan 1 = | premye minis 1 = | gouvènman 1 = | lejislati 1 = | kowalisyon 1 = | gwoup palmantè 1 = | predesesè 1 = [[Kofi Annan]] | siksesè 1 = [[António Guterres]] | fonksyon 2 = [[Ministè Afè Etranjè (Kore di Sid)|Minis Afè Etranjè ak Komès Kore di Sid]] | a pati fonksyon 2 = 17 janvye 2004 | jiska fonksyon2 = 10 novanm 2006<br/> | prezidan 2 = [[Roh Moo-hyun]] | premye minis 2 = [[Goh Kun]]<br /> [[Lee Hae Chan]]<br /> [[Han Duck-soo]]<br /> [[Han Myeong-sook]] | predesesè 2 = [[Yoon Young-kwan]] | siksesè 2 = [[Song Min-soon]] | non nesans = | dat nesans = 13 jen 1944 | kote nesans = [[Eumseong]] ([[Istwa Kore di pandan kolonizasyon Japonè|Kore di]]) | dat lanmò = | kote lanmò = | nati lanmò = | antèman = | nasyonalite = [[Kore disid|Kore di Sid]] | pati = Endepandan | papa = | manman = | frè ak sè = | konjwen= Yoo Soon-taek | timoun = | antouraj = | inivèsite = [[Seoul National University]]<br />[[Harvard University]] | pwofesyon = [[diplomasi|Diplòmat]] | relijyon = | rezidans = | siyati = Ban Ki Moon Signature.svg | anblèm = UN emblem blue.svg | lis = [[Lis Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini yo|Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini yo]] }} '''Ban Ki-moon''' ({{Koreyen|hangeul=반기문|hanja=潘基文}}, {{MSAPI|ban gimun}}<ref>[[Koreyen|Pononsyasyon]] nan [[Koreyen#Diferans ant Nò ak Sid|Kore di Sid]] [[Transkripsyon fonetik|transkripsyon]] dapre estanda [[Alfabè Fonetik Entènasyonal|API]].</ref>), ki fèt {{dat|13 jen 1944 }} rive. [[Eumseong]], se yon [[diplomasi|diplomat]] ak [[politisyen]] [[Kore disid|Kore di Sid]]. Ranplase [[Kofi Annan]], li se uityèm [[Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini]], li sèvi de manda depi {{dat-|1 janvye 2007}} rive {{dat-|31 desanm 2016}} . Anvan sa, li te Minis Afè Etranjè ak Komès peyi l ant {{dat-|janvye 2004}} ak {{dat-|Novanm 2006}}. Ban Ki-moon, yon moun ki pale natif natal [[Koreyen]], pale [[angle]]<ref name=Seoul_Post>{{en}} Charles Mercieca, [http://theseoultimes.com/ST/?url=/ST/db/read.php?idx=4160 {{en}} "Minis Afè Etranjè Koreyen an, Ban Ki-Moon asire w ke l ap reyisi Kofi Annan kòm Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini"], theseoultimes.com.</ref> ak la [[Franse]]<ref name=RTS>{{Web link|url=https://www.rts.ch/play/tv/l039actu-en-video/video/interview-de-ban-ki-moon- a-berne?id=3518692|title= Entèvyou ak Ban Ki-moon nan Bern|sit= [[Radyo ak Televizyon Swis]] (RTS)|dat= 17 oktòb 2011|fòma= videyo}}</ref>{{ ,}}<ref>{{Lien web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/video/2016/11/18/hollande-remet-la-legion-d-honor-a-ban- ki -moon_5033488_3210.html|title= Hollande prezante Legiyon Onè pou Ban Ki-moon|site= Le Monde|date= 18 novanm 2016|format= videyo}}</ref> (de nan sis [[lang ofisyèl yo) ​​nan Nasyon Zini|lang ofisyèl]] Nasyonzini yo) epi, dapre sèvis li yo, li gen yon bon konesans nan [[Alman]] ak [[Japonè]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fr.news.yahoo.com/09102006/290/ban-ki-moon-un-diplomate-lisse-et-consensuel-pour-l.html |title=Sous: dispatch ki soti nan ajans Reuters, reimprime sou sit la nouvèl yahoo |access-date=2023-11-25 |archive-date=2006-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118194810/http://fr.news.yahoo.com/09102006/290/ban-ki-moon-un-diplomate-lisse-et-consensuel-pour-l.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> . Pandan tout manda li 2007-2016, Ban te mete anfaz patikilye sou [[Rechofajman global]] e li te reyisi siyen [[Akò Klima Paris|Akò Paris]] sou emisyon kabòn. == Biyografi == === Jènès === Ban Ki-moon te fèt nan yon vilaj nan pwovens [[Chungcheongbuk]] nan [[Kore disid|Kore di Sid]] Lè sa a, anba [[Istwa Kore pandan kolonizasyon Japonè|Dominasyon Japonè]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.s9.com/Biography/Ban-Ki-Moon |title={{en}} Biyografi Ban Ki-Moon sou sitwèb s9.com la |access-date=2023-11-25 |archive-date=2022-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114145158/https://www.s9.com/Biography/Ban-Ki-Moon |dead-url=yes }}</ref>, li soti nan yon fanmi peyizan ki te rete nan vil [[Chungju|Chungju ki toupre.]] , kote li te grandi. Pandan anfans li, papa l te posede yon depo, men biznis la te fè fayit e fanmi an te pèdi nivo vi klas mwayèn li yo. Lè Ban te gen sizan, fanmi l te kouri pou dire [[Gè Kore di a]] epi li te pran refij sou pant yon mòn ki lwen, anvan li te retounen nan Chungju apre konfli a te fini. Nan Chungju High School, Ban se yon bon elèv, sitou nan etid li nan [[lang angle|angle]]. An 1952, klas li a te chwazi l pou l te voye yon mesaj bay Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini an [[Dag Hammarskjöld]], men yo pa konnen si mesaj la te voye. An 1962, li te genyen yon konpetisyon redaksyon patwone pa [[Mouvman Entènasyonal Lakwa Wouj ak Kwasan Wouj|Lakwa Wouj]] e li te genyen yon vwayaj nan [[Etazini]], li te rete pandan plizyè mwa nan yon fanmi akèy nan [[San. Francisco]]. Pandan vwayaj la, Ban te rankontre ak Prezidan Ameriken an [[John F. Kennedy]]. Lè yon jounalis nan reyinyon an te mande l kisa li te planifye pou l fè lè l te grandi, li te reponn, "Mwen vle vin yon diplomat." Li te jwenn yon diplòm bakaloreya nan [[relasyon entènasyonal]] nan [[Seoul National University]] an 1970, apre sa yon metriz nan administrasyon piblik nan [[John F. Kennedy School of Government]] nan inivèsite Harvard la an 1975<ref name=Bio_ONU>[http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2006/SG2118.doc.htm Biyografi Ban Ki-moon sou sitwèb Nasyonzini an] .</ref>. Nan Harvard, li te etidye anba Joseph Nye, ki te note ke Ban te gen "yon melanj ra nan analiz klè, imilite, ak pèseverans." === Premye etap nan Nasyonzini === Nan [[1978]]<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/french/news/story/2006/12/061215_bankimoon_bio.shtml Sous: BBCAfrique.com]</ref>, li te nonmen premye minis sekretè misyon Kore di Sid nan Nasyonzini<ref name=Bio_ONU/>, yon pozisyon li te okipe jiska [[1980]]<ref name=BBC_Afrique>Sous: BBCAfrique.com, ''op.cit .''</ref>, kote li te vin direktè biwo Nasyonzini nan Ministè Afè Etranjè Kore di Sid<ref name=Bio_ONU/>. Li te rete la jiska [[1983]]<ref name=BBC_Afrique/>. An [[1996]], li te vin konseye sekirite nasyonal pou [[Kim Young-sam]]<ref name=Seoul_Post/>. Li te chèf pèsonèl [[Han Seung-soo]], Prezidan Asanble Jeneral Nasyonzini an, nan ane 2001-2002<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16206635/ Sous: dispatch soti nan ajans la Associated Press, site ajans Reuters la]</ref>. Nan pozisyon sa a, li te travay sou adopsyon rezolisyon ki kondane [[atak 11 septanm 2001]]. === Chèf diplomasi Kore di Sid === Nan tèt diplomasi Kore di Sid depi {{date-|janvye 2004}}<ref name=Tromb.>{{en}} [http://www.mofat.go.kr/me/me_a001/me_b002/me_c010/ me01_02_sub04.jsp Apèsi sou Minis Afè Etranjè Koreyen yo (depi 1948)], sou sitwèb Ministè Afè Etranjè Koreyen an.</ref>, li se youn nan minis afè etranjè ki pi long nan pozisyon sa a<ref name=Tromb./>, li te siviv plizyè kriz entè-Koreyen. An patikilye, li defann pozisyon peyi li a, ki soti nan chanjman politik Ameriken an anvè [[Kore dinò]] depi Repibliken yo te retounen sou pouvwa a an 2001. === Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini === [[File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Ban_Ki-moon.jpg|vignette|Ban Ki-Moon ak [[Vladimir Putin]] (New York], 27 desanm 2013).]][[File:Secretary_Kerry,_Russian_Foreign_Minister_Lavrov_Meet_With_UN_Secretary-General_Ban,_UN_Special_Representative_Brahimi_(12075293396).jpg|vignette|Ban Ki-moon ak [[Sergueï Lavrov]], [[John Kerry]] ak [[Lakhdar Brahimi]] ([[Montreux]], 21 janvye 2014).]] Nan {{dat-|9 oktòb 2006}}, [[Konsèy Sekirite Nasyonzini|Konsèy Sekirite]] te nominasyon li kòm siksesè [[Kofi Annan]] kòm [[Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini]] soti nan {{dat|1 janvye 2007}}<ref name="UN_comm">[http://www.un.org/apps/sg/sgstats.asp?nid=2240 {{en}} 09/10/ 2006 - Kominike pou laprès Nasyonzini sou pwopozisyon pou yon nouvo sekretè jeneral]</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Reso_ONU_31102006" />. Nan {{date-|13 oktòb}}, Asanble Jeneral Nasyonzini an te eli l<ref>[http://www.un.org/ga/president/61/statements/statement20061013.shtml {{en }} 10/13 /2006 - Rapò Prezidan Asanble Jeneral Nasyonzini an, nan okazyon nominasyon yon nouvo Sekretè Jeneral.]</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Reso_ONU_31102006 ">{{lyen brize|accessed on=2013-03-20|url=http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N06/494/62/PDF/N0649462.pdf?OpenElement|title= 10/31/2006 - rezolisyon Nasyonzini ofisyèlman nominasyon Ban Ki-moon kòm Sekretè Jeneral.}}</ref> pa akklamasyon<ref name="ONU_serment">{{Cite web |url=http://www.un./ |title=org/News/fr-press/docs/2006/ AG10556.doc.htm 14/12/2006 - Wityèm Sekretè Jeneral Ban Ki-moon prete sèman devan Asanble Jeneral la |access-date=2023-11-25 |archive-date=2023-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609042028/http://www0.un/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. Nan {{date-|14 desanm 2006}}, li te fè sèman devan {{nobr|192|manm}} asanble a<ref name="UN_serment" />. [[Song Min-soon]] pran plas li kòm minis afè etranjè Kore di Sid<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://english.president.go.kr/cwd/en/archive/archive_view.php?meta_id=en_korea_net&id=cb0b429c7e732ec2dcc6b19 |title={{en}} 01/12/2006 - Song Min-toon nonmen fòmèlman Minis Afè Etranjè Kore di Sid, sou sitwèb Prezidan an. |access-date=2023-11-25 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230854/http://english.president.go.kr/cwd/en/archive/archive_view.php?meta_id=en_korea_net&id=cb0b429c7e732ec2dcc6b19 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Tromb." />. Li pale pou refòm Nasyonzini<ref>[http://www.mofat.go.kr/me/me_a001/me_b002/me_c008/1163725_1998.html {{en}} 09/25/2004 - Rapò sou la reyinyon ant Ban Ki-moon ak Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini an Kofi Annan, §5]</ref>e li di li totalman responsab pou jesyon nan lavni nan Sekretarya Jeneral la<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.un./ |title=org/ News/fr-press/docs/2006/AG10514.doc.htm Rapò Asanble Jeneral Nasyonzini 13/10/2006 |access-date=2023-11-25 |archive-date=2023-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609042028/http://www0.un/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. Manda li te fini nan {{date-|31 desanm 2011}}<ref name="Reso_ONU_31102006" />, yo te renonmen li pou senk ane nan {{date-|21 jen 2011}} pou yon dezyèm manda apati {{date-|1 janvye 2012}}<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2011/06/21/ban-ki-moon-reconduit-a-la-tete-de-l-onu_1539050_3210.html Ban Ki-moon renonmen kòm chèf Nasyonzini an nan ''[[Le Monde]]'' 21 jen 2011.</ref>. Nan {{dat-|Septanm 2014}}, li te kòmanse somè anviwònman ki te fèt nan New York. ==== Entèvansyon kòm Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini ==== Nan premye jou ofisyèl li kòm Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini, Ban Ki-moon pran yon pozisyon trè nuans konsènan ekzekisyon [[Saddam Hussein]]. Jouk lè sa a, Nasyonzini te kondane pèn lanmò a, yon kondanasyon [[Ashraf Qazi]] te raple, ki te reyafime jis apre pann Saddam Hussein, konbyen òganizasyon an te opoze "ak pinisyon kapital, menm nan ka krim lagè, krim kont limanite oswa jenosid”. Ban Ki-moon endike ke "kesyon pinisyon kapital la rete desizyon chak peyi manm" epi li pa mansyone entèdiksyon an sou pèn lanmò pa Nasyonzini an. Yo mande pòtpawòl li a [[Michèle Montas]] pou l reponn pozisyon Nasyonzini an konsènan pèn lanmò an pa chanje okenn fason. Li ta yon sipozisyon gòch nan biwo, men obsèvatè yo deja wè li kòm temwayaj nan lefèt ke "Ban Ki-moon se moun Ameriken yo"<ref>24 èdtan sou entènèt: ''Malèz nan Nasyonzini an apre Ban Ki-moon a twoublan. blnder'', pa Andrés Allemand, pibliye 4 janvye 2007.</ref>. Nan {{dat-|janvye 2007}}, li te mande prezidan Ameriken an [[George W. Bush]] pou fèmen [[kan Guantánamo a]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/actualites/international |title=/ameriques/20070111.OBS6506/ban_kimoon_appellea_fermer_guantanamo.html?idfx=RSS_notr ''Ban Ki-moon apèl pou fèmen Guantanamo'', sou sitwèb ''New Observer'' |access-date=2023-11-25 |archive-date=2009-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203183705/http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/actualites/international/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. [[File:UN_Secretary_General,_Mr._Ban_Ki-moon_(23342722871).jpg|vignette|Ban Ki-moon nan [[Konferans Chanjman klimatik Paris 2015 la]].]] Pandan youn nan premye vwayaj li yo nan [[Otrich]], li te fè yon vizit prive bay predesesè li ak zanmi [[Kurt Waldheim]], ak pase kontwovèsyal li kòm yon ansyen ofisye nan [[Wehrmacht la]]<ref>{ { ht}} Mark Turner, [http://www.un.org/News/fr-press/docs/2006/SG2120.doc.htm "Entèdiksyon nan reyinyon "prive" ak Waldheim", "The Financial Times", 23 fevriye 2007.]</ref>. Nan {{dat-|Mas 2007}}, Ban te konsidere kòm "enèvan" premye deklarasyon nouvo gouvènman inite Palestinyen an, ki te fòme ant [[Fatah]] ak [[Hamas]], sou "dwa lejitim" pèp Palestinyen an pou "rezistans nan tout fòm li yo". An 2009, dapre [[WikiLeaks|Wikileaks]] kab soti nan [[Departman Deta Etazini|Depatman Deta]], Etazini te kolekte anpil enfòmasyon ki gen rapò ak diplomat Nasyonzini yo, ki gen ladan Ban Ki-moon: Imèl , modpas Entènèt ak Intranet, nimewo kat labank, nimewo kat lwayote avyon ak orè travay anprent dwèt, imaj vizaj, analiz ADN ak iris, elatriye akizasyon espyonaj<ref>{{Atik|langue=fr|titre=WikiLeaks : colère feutrée à l'ONU après les accusations d'espionnage|périodique=Le Monde.fr||periodic=Le Monde.fr|date=2010-12-08 |issn=1950-6244|li sou entènèt=https://www.lemonde.fr/documents-wikileaks/article/2010/12/08/ wikileaks-colere-feutree-a-l-onu-apres-les-accusations-d -espionage_1450880_1446239.html|accessed on=2017-12-16|pages=}}</ref>. Li fè yon toune nan sis peyi nan nèf jou nan [[Mwayen Oryan an]], ki make pa plizyè douzèn tèt-à-tèt ak chèf deta ak gouvènman nan rejyon an<ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/debats/20070410.FIG000000014_ban_ki_moon_passe_le_cap_des_cent_jours_a_la_tete_des_nations_unies_et_tente_d_imposition_son_style.html Atik Le Figaro afiche sou entènèt le 10 avril 2007 sou learof.fr]</ref> [[File:Ban_Ki-Moon_Davos_2011.jpg|vignette|Ban Ki-Moon nan [[World Economic Forum]] (2011).]] Dapre [[Federasyon Sendika Entènasyonal la]], Ban Ki-moon te anonse nan {{dat-|11 Jiyè 2013}} yo retire rekonesans ofisyèl òganizasyon sendikal ki reprezante {{nimewo|65,000|manb yo}}. nan anplwaye li yo ak demantèlman nan konsèy direktè yo. Sendika anplwaye Nasyonzini yo ap fè kanpay pou Ban Ki-moon ranvèse desizyon li pran anvan fen ane a epi diskite ke estanda travay entènasyonal yo pa respekte ankò nan pwòp ògàn ak enstitisyon Nasyonzini yo. <ref>[www.world-psi.org/fr/la-psi-appelle-un-soutien-international-envers-le-respect-des-droits-du-personnel-des-nations-PSI Nasyonzini mande sipò entènasyonal pou respekte dwa moun. Anplwaye Nasyonzini], 13 septanm 2013.</ref>. Ban Ki-moon rann omaj a [[Nelson Mandela]] nan non [[Nasyonzini|Nasyonzini]] pandan yon seremoni ki te fèt {{dat-|10 desanm 2013}}. Jou {{dat-|9 novanm 2016}}, Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini an felisite [[Donald Trump]] pou viktwa li nan [[eleksyon prezidansyèl ameriken 2016 la|eleksyon prezidansyèl]]. Li ankouraje Ameriken yo pou yo sonje tou ke "inite nan divèsite [[Etazini]] se youn nan gwo fòs peyi a" epi li diskite sou batay kont [[chanjman klimatik]] ke Trump [[Refize mondyal la. warming|konteste egzistans la menm]] nan pwogram li a<ref>{{Web link|language=fr|title=Donald Trump pa kwè nan chanjman klimatik: Ozetazini, li pa fè sa se pa sèl...|url =http://www.lci.fr/international/donald-trump-ne-croit-pas-au-changement-climatique-aux-etats-unis-il-nest-pas-le- Seul-1532348.html|site =lci.fr|date=25 septanm 2016}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Web link|language=fr|title=Ban Ki-moon reyaji sou eleksyon Donald Trump|url= https://www.tdg.ch/monde/presidentelle-americaine/ban-kimoon-reagit-election-donald-trump/story/14150075|site=tdg.ch|date=9 Novanm 2016 }}</ref> . === Retounen nan Kore di Sid === Li te retounen nan Kore di Sid, li te fè yon toune nan peyi a nan {{dat-|janvye 2017}} epi yo te konsidere kòm yon kandida posib pou [[Koreyen Libète Pati|Pati Saenuri]] nan [[eleksyon 2017 eleksyon prezidansyèl Kore di Sid la| eleksyon prezidansyèl]] nan mwa me, apre revokasyon Prezidan [[Park Geun-hye]], ki soti nan menm pati a e ke li pwòch anpil<ref>{{Atik |language=fr|author1=Sung Il-kwon| title=Nan Kore di Sid, fen dinasti Park la|periodical=Le Monde Diplomatique|date=2017-01-01|li sou entènèt=https://www. monde-diplomatique.fr/2017/01/IL_KWON/57002| jwenn aksè nan=2018-07-21|paj=}}</ref>. Sepandan, li te renonse li nan {{date-|2 fevriye}} <ref>{{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20231125024309/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3029285&cloc=joongangdaily%7Chome%7C tèt Ban Ki-moon anonse fen kanpay prezidansyèl ofisyèl], ''Kore di Jooang chak jou'', 2 fevriye 2017.</ref>. == Nòt ak referans == {{Références}} == Gade tou == {{Lòt pwojè |commons = Category:Ban Ki-moon}} === Bibliyografi === * [https://www.courrierinternational.com/article.asp?obj_id=81750 “Nasyonzini an repare”], ''[[Courrier international]]'', nimewo 899, {{date-|24 janvye 2008}}. === Lyen ekstèn === {{liens}} * [http://www.un.org/fr/sg/biography.shtml Biyografi Ban Ki-moon sou sitwèb Nasyonzini an] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231026114855/https://search.archives.un.org/secretary-general-ban-ki-moon-2007-2018 Archives of Ban Ki-moon] sou sitwèb [[Nasyonzini]] * [http://www.un.org/ga/63/generaldebate/sg.shtml Diskou te bay nan Asanble Jeneral Nasyonzini (ouvèti deba jeneral anyèl la, 23 septanm 2008) ] {{CLEDETRI:Ban Ki-moon}} [[Kategori:Sekretè Jeneral Nasyonzini]] [[Kategori:Minis Afè Etranjè Kore di Sid]] [[Kategori:Pèsonalite politik Kore disid]] [[Kategori: Diplomat| Kore disid|]] [[Kategori:Nesans an jen |1944]] mvhiywh23docxnf9hgkbrr6o88akluv 0 95500 882726 878367 2026-07-13T06:32:39Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 882726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Christine Petit |foto=KavliPrize-7148 (43603979215).jpg |tèks=Christine Petit nan Trondheim pou pri Kavli 2018 |fonksyon=Medsen ak chèchè nan byoloji |dat nesans=4 fevriye 1948 |lye nesans=Laignes |peyi nesans=[[Frans]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=fransè |zèv= |nòt= }} '''Christine Petit''', non konplè Marie-Christine Chavance fèt yon 4 fevriye 1948 nan lokalite Laignes ki nan Côte-d'Or, se yon [[Medsen|doktè]] fransè ak [[chèchè]] nan [[Biyoloji|byoloji]] ki espesyalize nan jenetik imen. Li se pwofesè nan Collège de France ak pwofesè nan Enstiti Pasteur kote li te dirije yon inite Inserm jiska 2022. Travay li yo sou mekanis molekilè yo ki responsab pou ranvèsman sèks kay moun ak sou sa yo ki kache devlopman ak fonksyone nan sistèm oditif la te fè li jwenn anpil rekonpans, ki gen ladan Pri Kavli nan lane 2018, distenksyon ki pi prestijye nan domèn nerosyans. == Biyografi == Aprè maryaj li, Marie-Christine Chavance rele tèt li Christine Petit. Li te defann tèz medikal li nan lopital Salpêtrière nan lane 1974, ane li te antre nan Enstiti Pasteur. An 1982, li te jwenn yon doktora nan byochimik ak [[jenetik]]. Aprè de post-doktora nan Bâle ak nan Sant Jenetik Molekilè nan Gif-sur-Yvette, li te rantre nan Pasteur Institute epi answit, depi 1993, li te dirije inite Inserm U587 nan "Jenetik ak fizyoloji nan tande".<ref>{{cite news |date=2012-08-14 |title=Christine Petit. À l'écoute de nos gènes |trans-title=Christine Petit. Nan koute jèn byolojik nou yo |url=https://ipubli.inserm.fr/bitstream/handle/10608/7006/2012_08_14.pdf?sequence=3 |magazine=Science & Santé |publisher=INSERM |issue=8 |p=14-15 |access-date=2026-01-20}}</ref> Li te eli nan pòs pwofesè jenetik ak fizyoloji selilè nan College de France an nan lane 2002. Li se direktè depatman nerosyans nan Enstiti Pasteur depi lane 2006. Christine Petit se yon manm konplè nan [[Akademi Syans (Frans)|Akademi Syans]] depi 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=2002-01-14 |title=Christine Petit. Biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, génomique |trans-title=Christine Petit. Byoloji molekilè ak selilè, jénomik |url=https://www.academie-sciences.fr/christine-petit |website=Académie des sciences |access-date=2026-01-19}}</ref> Li te manm Konsèy Administrasyon Enstiti Pasteur an soti nan lane 2003 pou rive lane 2011. An 2019, li se manm Konsèy amelyorasyon ESPCI Paris<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-12-31 |title=Rapport annuel |trans-title=Rapò anyèl |url=https://www.espci.psl.eu/sites/www.espci.psl.eu/IMG/pdf/ra_2017-2019_compressed.pdf |website=ESPCI Paris |p=123 |quote=Un conseil de perfectionnement pour suivre l’évolution des formations (Yon Konsèy amelyorasyon pou suiv devlopman fòmasyon yo) |access-date=2026-01-19 |archive-date=2024-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912053325/https://www.espci.psl.eu/sites/www.espci.psl.eu/IMG/pdf/ra_2017-2019_compressed.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ak konsèy syantifik Genopole. == Kontribisyon syantifik == Christine Petit se yon espesyalis nan jenetik moun. Li te premye travay sou mekanis molekilè yo ki te lakoz ranvèseman sèks lakay moun (XX masculinity ak XY féminines). Apre sa, li te vire sou jenetik andikap sansoryèl moun, patikilyèman pwoblèm tande, kote li te jwe yon wòl pyonye nan idantifye yon pakèt kantite jèn ki enplike nan pwoblèm tande ([[Soud (adjektif)|soud)]] éréditèr. An patikilye, nan lane 1994, ak kontribisyon plizyè ekip syantis ak doktè, li te rive jwenn kote premye jèn ki responsab moun soud pa transmisyon otozomal resesif. Nan lane 1991, li te idantifye yon jèn ki enplike nan sendwòm Kallmann epi, nan lane 1995, yon jèn ki enplike nan sendwòm Usher. Premye dekouvèt sa yo louvri nouvo chimen rechèch sou soud. [[Ògàn]] sansoryèl tande an, kokle, chape anba tout analiz molekilè pa metòd klasik ; Apwòch jenetik ke Christine Petit devlope a te fè limyè sou plizyè aspè nan devlopman ak fonksyone nan kokle an ak plis espesyalman nan [[selil]] cheve yo, ki fòme estrikti ki resevwa son nan selil sansoryèl tande yo. Travay aktyèl li gen pou objektif pou konprann patojèn molekilè plizyè fòm jenetik soud. == Distenksyon == === Dekorasyon === Christine Petit te nonmen nan ran kavalye nan Lòd Nasyonal Rejiyon Onè a epi li te fè yon kavalye lòd la nan dat 4 décembre 2002, li te monte nan grad ofisye nan dat 31 décembre 2013 avèk tit "jenetikisyèn, pwofesè nan Collège de France, manm Enstiti a". Li te nonmen nan ran chevalye Knight nan Lòd Nasyonal la nan merit epi Lè sa, li monte nan ran ofisye. Li tev vin ofisye lòd la nan dat ki te li 6 juin 2011, Lè sa a, li te monte nan ran kòmandan<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-12-31 |title=Décret du 31 décembre 2020 portant promotion et nomination dans l'ordre national du Mérite |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000042846616/#:~:text=Petit |website=Légifrance Journal officiel de la République française |trans-title=Dèkret 31 desanm 2020 ki fè pwomosyon ak nonmen nan lòd nasyonal Meri a |access-date=2026-01-20}}</ref> nan dat 31 décembre 2020 kòm "pwofesè nan Collège de France, pwofesè nan Enstiti Pasteur, direktè yon inite rechèch konjwen, manm Akademi Syans". === Pri === * 1999: Pri Charles-Léopold-Mayer [[Akademi Syans (Frans)|Akademi Syans yo]]. * 2004: L'Oréal-Unesco Prize pou Fanm nan Syans.<ref name="lemonde2012-05-03">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2012/05/03/christine-petit-l-oreille-des-sourds_1695467_3244.html |title=Christine Petit, l'oreille des sourds |trans-title=Christine Petit, zòrèy moun ki soud |website=Le Monde |date=2012-05-03 |access-date=2026-01-19}}</ref> * 2006: Ko-gayan pri Louis-Jeantet pou Medsin. * 2007: Miz Grand Pri Inserm pou Rechèch Medikal.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007 |title=Les Prix Inserm |trans-title=Pri Inserm |url=https://www.inserm.fr/nous-connaitre/prix-inserm/#:~:text=Petit |website=INSERM |quote=Prix 2007 Grand Prix de la Recherche médicale : Christine Petit [Pri 2007 Grand Pri Rechèch Medikal: Christine Petit] |access-date=2026-01-19}}.</ref> * 2012: Ko-gayan ak [[Karen Steel]] pri {{lang|en|''Brain''}}<ref name="lemonde2012-05-03"/> nan Lundbeck Foundation. * 2018: Kavli<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herzberg |first=Nathaniel |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2018/05/31/sciences-le-prestigieux-prix-kavli-honore-deux-francaises_5307790_1650684.html |title=Sciences : le prestigieux prix Kavli honore deux Françaises |trans-title=Sciences: pri prestijye Kavli onore de fi franse |website=Le Monde |access-date=2026-01-18}}</ref> pri nan nerosyans (ak {{Lien|A. James Hudspeth}} ak Robert Fettiplace). * 2021: Ko-gayan ak Christopher A. Walsh pri Gruber<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-05-05 |last=Hreha |first=A. Sarah |title=Neuroscientists Christine Petit and Christopher A. Walsh Share $500,000 Gruber Neuroscience Prize for Pioneering Discoveries Regarding the Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms Behind Neurodevelopmental Hereditary Disorders |trans-title=Neyrolojis Christine Petit ak Christopher A. Walsh pataje pri Gruber Neyroloji a ki vo $500,000 pou dekouvèt pyonye ki gen rapò ak mekanis jenetik ak molekilè dèyè maladi ereditè devlopman nève |url=https://gruber.yale.edu/press/2021-gruber-neuroscience-prize-press-release |website=The Gruber Foundation |location=New Haven |language=en |access-date=2026-01-20}}</ref> Neyroloji nan Gruber Foundation. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{Liens}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] 6toiljrhwvss1bobo5secgilr4zl1tm 0 96500 882671 878497 2026-07-12T18:43:35Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 882671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2}}'''Andrise Pierre''' se yon otè pyès teyat ak [[pwofesè]] [[literati]] ayisyèn ki fèt 18 oktòb 1989 nan [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] . Li se moun ki te resevwa pri dram frankofòn SACD 2020 pou pyès teyat li <nowiki>''</nowiki>''Elle voulait ou croyait vouloir et puis tout à coup elle ne veut plus<nowiki>''</nowiki>.'' == Biyografi == === Jèn ak etid li === Andrise Pierre te fèt 18 oktòb nan 1989 [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]] nan peyi [[Ayiti]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://ile-en-ile.org/pierre_andrise/|title=Andrise Pierre|date=2020-10-29|website=Île en île|language=fr-FR|access-date=2025-03-22}}</ref> . Li se pi piti nan twa pitit, li grandi ak demi-frè li lakay papa l nan Ri de la Réunion, nan kè yon kapital ki te make pa kriz sosyo-politik. Nan lane 2008, fanmi li te demenaje nan [[Plenn Kildesak|Plaine]], kote li te dekouvri pasyon li pou lekti, sitou gras a pwofesè li. Peryòd sa a te make kòmansman yon relasyon ki long ak literati, ki t ap fòme chemen pwofesyonèl ak akademik li <ref name=":0" /> . Aprè li te fin gradye nan lekòl segondè, Andrise Pierre te pousuiv etid li nan literati modèn nan École Normale Supérieure nan lane 2011. Aprè sa, li te antre nan pwofesyon ansèyman , epi bay konferans sou [[literati ayisyèn]], li te abòde sijè tankou wòl pèsonaj fi yo ak etid otè klasik ak kontanporen yo. nan lane 2016, li te vin responsab aktivite kiltirèl nan Sant Kiltirèl Anne-Marie Morisset nan [[Dèlma (komin)|Delmas]] <ref name=":0"/> . === Karyè dramatik === '''Andrise Pierre'''<ref name=":3" /> se yon otè plizyè pyès teyat ki te reyisi. Li angaje nan kòz sosyal, li ekri pou konbat vyolans, patikilyèman vyolans kont [[fanm]] ak [[tifi]] ki minè <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/koze-kilti/20221210-andrise-pierre-le-th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre-pour-lutter-contre-les-violences|title=Koze kilti - Andrise Pierre, le théâtre pour lutter contre les violences|date=2022-12-10|website=RFI|language=fr|access-date=2025-03-22}}</ref> . ==== ''Vidé mon ventre du sang de mon fils'' ==== Nan lane 2019, li te genyen twazyèm plas nan Prix du texte francophone Écritures Théâtrales Contemporaines en Caraïbe (ETC Caraïbe) avèk pyès teyat li ''a Vidé mon ventre du sang de mon fils ?''. Tèks la rakonte lapenn yon manman apre lanmò brital pitit gason li , li eksplore tèm [[Kadejak|vyòl]], dèy ak enpinite . Pyès teyat la, reyalize pa Daphné Ménard, te prezante nan Pòtoprens an 2022 nan festival teyat ak atizay pèfòmans ''En Lisant'' <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://lenouvelliste.com/article/239659/vide-mon-ventre-du-sang-de-mon-fils-dandrise-pierre|title=Vidé mon ventre du sang de mon fils d'Andrise Pierre|website=lenouvelliste.com|language=en|access-date=2025-03-22}}</ref> . ==== ''Elle voulait ou croyait vouloir et puis tout à coup elle ne veut plus '' ==== Andrise Pierre te resevwa pri SACD pou dramaturji frankofòn pou pyès teyat li a ''Elle voulait ou croyait vouloir et puis tout à coup elle ne veut plus.''Li te resevwa li nan dat 27 septanm 2020 '','' nan ouvèti Festival ''Les Francophonies - des écritures à la scène'' nan Limoges <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sacd.fr/fr/andrise-pierre-prix-sacd-2020-de-la-dramaturgie-francophone|title=Andrise Pierre, Prix SACD 2020 de la Dramaturgie Francophone {{!}} SACD|date=2020-09-22|website=www.sacd.fr|language=fr|access-date=2025-03-22}}</ref> {{,}} . Li se dezyèm otè Ayisyen ki resevwa prim lan, apre Jean-René Lemoine an 2009 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icihaiti.com/en/news-31941-icihaiti-literature-ms-andrise-pierre-2020-francophone-dramaturgy-prize.html|title=iciHaiti - Literature : Ms. Andrise Pierre, 2020 Francophone Dramaturgy Prize - iciHaiti.com : All the news in brief 7/7|website=IciHaiti.com|access-date=2025-03-22}}</ref> . ==== ''Que Dieu ne noircisse pas nos matrices'' ==== Nan lane 2020, Andrise Pierre te rete nèf mwa nan Sant Intermondes La Rochelle olye de yon mwa edmi akòz [[pandemi Covid-19]] la. La li te ekri pyès teyat li a ''Que Dieu ne noircisse pas nos matrices <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sudouest.fr/environnement/un-nouveau-souffle-au-centre-intermondes-1644510.php|title=Un nouveau souffle au Centre Intermondes|date=2020-12-05|website=SudOuest.fr|language=fr-FR|access-date=2025-03-22}}</ref>'' <ref name=":2"/> . ==== ''Le Chêne endormi'' ==== Mwa desanm 2022, li te envite donè nan ^7yèm edisyon Festival Teyat ak Atizay Pèfòmans ''En Lisant'' nan Pòtoprens. La, li te prezante "''Le Chêne endormi "'' nan Teyat Yanvalou <ref name=":1"/> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://woymagazine.com/2023/02/15/an-interview-with-haitian-playwright-andrise-pierre-on-theatre-and-writing-to-fill-the-void/|title=Writing to Fill the Void: An Interview With Haitian Playwright Andrise Pierre|last=Woy|first=Team|date=2023-02-16|website=Woy Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2025-03-22|archive-date=2024-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205162856/https://woymagazine.com/2023/02/15/an-interview-with-haitian-playwright-andrise-pierre-on-theatre-and-writing-to-fill-the-void/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> . Pyès teyat sa te prezante ane apre nan Enstiti Franse an Ayiti, nan kad ^20yèm edisyon Festival Quatre Chemins. Li te dirije pa Éliezer Guérismé epi jwe pa Stéphanie François, Jenny Cadet, ak Édouard Baptiste (Youyou) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lenouvelliste.com/article/245531/voir-et-apprecier-le-chene-endormi-dandrise-pierre|title=Voir et apprécier Le Chêne endormi d'Andrise Pierre|website=lenouvelliste.com|language=en|access-date=2025-03-22}}</ref> . * Andrise Pierre, La petite fille que le soleil avait brûlée: théâtre, Éditions Espaces 34, coll. « Collection Théâtre », 2023 (ISBN 978-2-84705-298-5)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.editions-espaces34.fr/spip.php?page=espaces34_livre&id_article=2013|title=— La Petite Fille que le soleil avait brûlée — Éditions Espaces 34 —|website=www.editions-espaces34.fr|access-date=2025-03-22|archive-date=2024-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723023220/https://www.editions-espaces34.fr/spip.php?page=espaces34_livre&id_article=2013|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Referans == {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] a8ebs9jld5158hc0zt2fw0xu91cn6y2 0 97621 882702 882620 2026-07-12T22:21:03Z 1104s72 38991 882702 wikitext text/x-wiki   Nan Sikhi, '''5 vòlè''' yo ( Punjabi panj chor, pwononsyasyon: {{Pwononsyasyon API|pa|pand͡ʒ t͡ʃoɝ|}}nj chor ), yo rele tou jan '''senk mal''' yo oubyen '''senk vis''' yo (Punjabi: ਪੰਜ ਬੁਰਾਈਆਂ ''paja burā'ī'āṁ'' ), <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/beliefs/beliefs.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Sikh Beliefs|website=www.bbc.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-15}}</ref> se senk gwo feblès pèsonalite imen an ki pa ale ak esans espirityèl li, epi yo konnen kòm "vòlè" paske yo vòlè bon sans natirèl yon moun. Senk vòlè sa yo se [[kaam]] (lanvi), [[krodh]] (kòlè), lobh (avidite), moh (atachman) ak ahankar (ego oubyen ògèy twòp). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedya:Verifyabilite|<span title="The current source is insufficiently reliable (WP:NOTRS). (July 2023)">pi bon&nbsp;sous&nbsp;nesesè</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> == Gade tou == * [[Sis lènmi]] ([[Endouyis]]) * [[Kashaya]] ([[Jainis]]) * [[Kleshas]] ([[Boudis]]) * [[Senk obstak]] (Boudis) * [[Sèt peche mòtèl yo VII: Parese|Sèt peche mòtèl]] * [[Twa pwazon]] == Referans == {{Referans}} == Lekti siplemantè == * Sher Singh, ''[[iarchive:PhilosophyOfSikhism|Filozofi Sikhism la]]'' . Komite Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak * Nirbhai Singh, ''Filozofi Sikhism'' . Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distri, 1990 * Nripinder Singh, ''Tradisyon Moral Sikh la'' . Delhi: Manohar, 1990 * Teja Singh, ''Esè sou Sikhism'' . Lahore: Sikh University Press, 1944 * Wazir Singh, ''Filozofi Relijyon Sikh'' . Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1981. * Avtar Singh, ''Etik Sikh yo'' . Patiala: Inivèsite Punjabi, 1970 ev9ij59al762u5h36y9vtejv9089dpq 0 97627 882649 882526 2026-07-12T15:45:13Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 882649 wikitext text/x-wiki   Ajans Edikasyon Texas Ajans Edikasyon Texas la '''(TEA) (Texas Education Agency)''' se branch gouvènman Texas ki responsab edikasyon piblik nan Texas, Etazini. Ajans lan gen katye jeneral li nan Austin nan William B. Travis nan State Office Building. Gouvènè Texas la, Greg Abbott, nonmen Komisyonè Edikasyon an. Komisyonè a resevwa sipò tou nan men Komisyonè Adjwen Chèf yo, Komisyonè Adjwen yo, Komisyonè Asosye yo ak yon yerachi anplwaye ajans lan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tea.texas.gov/About_TEA/News_and_Multimedia/Press_Releases/2016/Morath_takes_office_as_Texas_Commissioner_of_Education/|title=Morath takes office as Texas Commissioner of Education|website=tea.texas.gov|language=en|access-date=Jan 6, 2019|archive-date=April 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410071858/https://tea.texas.gov/About_TEA/News_and_Multimedia/Press_Releases/2016/Morath_takes_office_as_Texas_Commissioner_of_Education/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tea.texas.gov/about-tea/welcome-and-overview|title=Welcome and Overview|last=Agency|first=Texas Education|date=2025-03-13|website=tea.texas.gov|language=en-US|access-date=2025-04-13}}</ref> [[Fichye:TEA Logo.png|vignette|'''Texas Education Agency Logo''']] [[Fichye:TravisStateOfficeBuilding.JPG|vignette|'''Ginin Ofisoshi''']] Sit wèb '''[https://tea.texas.gov tea.texas.gov]''' == Responsablite == '''TEA''' responsab sipèvizyon edikasyon piblik primè ak segondè nan eta Texas la, ki enplike plis pase 1,000 distri lekòl endepandan nan eta a. Gen 916 kanpis lekòl endepandan.Li responsab tou sekirite elèv yo. Sepandan, li pa gen okenn jiridiksyon sou lekòl prive oswa lekòl pawasyal (kit yo akredite oswa non) ni sou lekòl lakay. Ajans lan ap evolye kontinyèlman pou l konfòme li avèk règleman federal yo, lejislasyon eta a, ak bezwen elèv ak edikatè Texas yo k ap chanje. Responsablite '''TEA''' yo elaji pou anglobe: * Fikse estanda kourikoulòm (tankou TEKS) * Administre tès nan tout eta a (tankou STAAR) * Akreditasyon lekòl yo * Distribye lajan * Sipèvize edikasyon espesyal * Sipòte sètifikasyon ak responsablite pwofesè yo <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/texas-education-agency|title=Overview of the Texas Education Agency and Its Evolution|last=Association|first=Texas State Historical|website=Texas State Historical Association|language=en|access-date=2025-04-30}}</ref> == Bidjè ak enskripsyon == Ajans Edikasyon Texas la finanse pa pèp [[Teksas|Eta Texas la]], sou direksyon lejislati eli yo a epi avèk konsantman Gouvènè Texas la . Bidjè ajans lan dwe apwouve dapre kalandriye bianyèl lejislati a. Revni ajans lan soti nan fon jeneral eta a (sitou taks sou lavant), gouvènman federal la, Fon Lekòl Pèmanan an (yon fon souveren ke eta a kreye ak revni ki soti nan tè piblik yo), ak lòt sous. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center" !Ane (Fen Ane Lekòl la) !Bidjè, Total ($) (Ane Fiskal) !Bidjè, Chanjman ($) Kimilatif (YoY) |- |2024 |*$39,995,879,467<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://tea.texas.gov/about-tea/agency-finances/budget/fy-2024-tea-itemized-operating-budget.pdf|title=Texas Education Agency Operating Budget Fiscal Year 2024|date=December 2023|website=tea.texas.gov|publisher=State of Texas|access-date=2025-03-06}}</ref> |*$14,859,776,852 |- |2023 |$31,735,150,183<ref name=":2" /> |$6,599,047,568 |- |} s9k97jsyev30urgoazch01irlnaidi2 0 97643 882681 882626 2026-07-12T18:49:52Z 1104s72 38991 Créé en traduisant la section « Career » de la page « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349037657|Pedro Luis Lazo]] » 882681 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pedro Luis Lazo Iglesias''' (fèt 15 me 1973 an [[Pinar del Río|pwovens Pinar del Río]], [[Kiba]] ) se yon krich [[Bèzbòl|bezbòl]] ki te retrete kounya a. Li te sitou itilize kòm yon sekou nan konpetisyon entènasyonal, byenke li te yon titular nan Seri Nasyonal Kiben an, kote li te jwe pou Pinar del Río . Boul rapid li a te make a 97.&nbsp;mph, epi li te konbine l avèk yon slider mitan ane 80 yo. == Karyè == Lazo te fè pati ekip Kiben ki te genyen meday lò nan Je Olenpik Atlanta 1996 ak jwèt Atèn 2004, e li te genyen ajan nan Je Olenpik 2000 Sydney ak Beijing 2008. Li te parèt tou nan seri egzibisyon ant ekip nasyonal Kiben an ak Baltimore Orioles an 1999. Nan koup di mond bezbòl la an 2005 nan [[Peyiba|Peyi Ba yo]], Lazo te genyen 2 viktwa, 0 defèt ak 2 sove, yon mwayèn 0.54 kouri touche, epi sèlman 7 kou kont. manche. Li te lanse tou pou [[Kiba]] nan Klasik Mondyal Bezbòl la an Mas 2006 epi li te anrejistre yon enpresyonan sove 5 manche kont [[Dominikani|Repiblik Dominikèn]] nan match demi-final la. Lazo se lidè viktwa aktyèl nan Seri Nasyonal Kiben an ak 249 viktwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.baseballdecuba.com/HISTORICALPITCHING.ASP|title=Historical pitching statistics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109012602/http://www.baseballdecuba.com/HISTORICALPITCHING.ASP|archive-date=2010-01-09|access-date=2010-06-04}}</ref> mn4idobh5h2xquzsq0yedgvpu7w2xye 0 97644 882630 2026-07-12T15:04:23Z Armadillo Jack 39795 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353442398|Downtown Plano station]] » 882630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}}  {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. Istwa Predesesè Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  '''Estasyon Downtown Plano a''' se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]] . Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Red Line la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Orange Line lan. sb4d6198glskv5zonhsszkwpa6bs8sc 882631 882630 2026-07-12T15:04:54Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882631 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. Istwa Predesesè Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  '''Estasyon Downtown Plano a''' se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]] . Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Red Line la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Orange Line lan. l9i9mtwmi8u31cgpol9aqu14epy85lw 882632 882631 2026-07-12T15:07:09Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}}  {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. Istwa Predesesè Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  '''Estasyon Downtown Plano a''' se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]] . Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Red Line la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Orange Line lan. 80bksyi2bni12ywu3qldt55jq35900d 882634 882632 2026-07-12T15:07:41Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}}  {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  '''Estasyon Downtown Plano a''' se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]] . Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Red Line la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Orange Line lan. 2uaqtcm9fm31pm6mffb2tp3e5e8nj09 882635 882634 2026-07-12T15:08:19Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882635 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|DART Downtown Plano station - Fevriye 2020]] {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}}  {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  '''Estasyon Downtown Plano a''' se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]] . Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Red Line la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Orange Line lan. euk8h7fwd5gch547pa91cu366i6whvg 882636 882635 2026-07-12T15:08:47Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882636 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''' - Fevriye 2020]] {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}}  {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  '''Estasyon Downtown Plano a''' se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]] . Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Red Line la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Orange Line lan. 9sclu266bp8i1gjo3hljckzx81fatqx 882637 882636 2026-07-12T15:09:26Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. Istwa Predesesè Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  '''Estasyon Downtown Plano a''' se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]] . Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Red Line la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Orange Line lan. 7flcoz9mk8dpbqmkpn8xrs3p75sufwj 882638 882637 2026-07-12T15:09:41Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  '''Estasyon Downtown Plano a''' se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]] . Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Red Line la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Orange Line lan. 66cmw0191b8atpujf4cbh3h9pe5x1kc 882639 882638 2026-07-12T15:10:18Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|DART Downtown Plano station]] 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  '''Estasyon Downtown Plano a''' se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]] . Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Red Line la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Orange Line lan. tdfcd6gsbxsh3wmtmuliw30iy0nktc1 882640 882639 2026-07-12T15:11:32Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}}  {{coord|33|1|15|N|96|42|3|W|type:railwaystation_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. Istwa Predesesè Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  fo53g5ba49st2e0emn0w3qnpot96ujw 882641 882640 2026-07-12T15:11:43Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882641 wikitext text/x-wiki 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. Istwa Predesesè Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  ng7l63cdmu5ocai9y50eex2w9nokbb9 882642 882641 2026-07-12T15:13:41Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882642 wikitext text/x-wiki Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. '''<u>Adrès</u>''' '''1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]]''' Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  '''Estasyon Downtown Plano a''' se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]] . Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Red Line la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Orange Line lan. cptrv5yulfakicc8coxbb6uw3ffpzbw 882645 882642 2026-07-12T15:15:26Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882645 wikitext text/x-wiki Estasyon '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik Downtown Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. Koridò tren ki pase nan Downtown Plano a te konstwi pa Houston and Texas Central Railway nan fen 19yèm syèk la. Dallas Area Rapid Transit te achte koridò a an 1988. Sit estasyon modèn nan te itilize pa liy entèurban Texas Electric Railway soti 1908 rive 1948 kòm yon estasyon pasaje. Bilding estasyon Texas Electric Railway la, ke Mize Tren Entèurban an itilize kounye a, sitiye nan Haggard Park.  mtgylcrqac70idpsfsp56hyh6v9t549 882646 882645 2026-07-12T15:16:05Z Armadillo Jack 39795 fix broken code 882646 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 882647 882646 2026-07-12T15:17:05Z Quinlan83 25534 Requesting deletion ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1c) 882647 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{delete|1=Empty page <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> 5nlwa0xgwkszzkf2l246unlrvid46o0 882650 882647 2026-07-12T17:56:31Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882650 wikitext text/x-wiki Work in progress qoulvuo3427aqglct8rajwh5dardtza 882651 882650 2026-07-12T17:57:15Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882651 wikitext text/x-wiki Estasyon Downtown Plano a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. m6rehdj0jqwo9zm0nctc712npxnwrdz 882652 882651 2026-07-12T17:58:49Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882652 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] Estasyon Downtown Plano a se yon estasyon tren DART nan Plano, Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. lqe4vzf0r6yo090jkk302g13njuym6c 882653 882652 2026-07-12T17:59:08Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882653 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] Estasyon Downtown Plano a se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]]. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. nzpsbne22rb4v60vm3067g48ze13rnp 882654 882653 2026-07-12T18:03:24Z Armadillo Jack 39795 BON BAGAY 882654 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] Estasyon Downtown Plano a se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]]. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. Sistèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. 0n3jpxrintpgjcis4vgjk7o4zcgvwj1 882655 882654 2026-07-12T18:03:37Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882655 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] Estasyon Downtown Plano a se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]]. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. Sistèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. mmojklc7xpxlvlx2ywet3ouddsfk3o8 882656 882655 2026-07-12T18:03:54Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882656 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] '''Downtown Plano''' a se yon estasyon tren DART nan [[Plano, Texas]]. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. Sistèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. lsl7n9rkvad2voch9elu3zozm4hgu3i 882657 882656 2026-07-12T18:12:34Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882657 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] '''Estasyon Downtown Plano''' se yon estasyon tren DART  nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. Sistèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. gvo65uyv1lwpc12wq87qg74ho5tchqg 882658 882657 2026-07-12T18:12:56Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882658 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART  nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. Sistèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. 77wqjpu7bvvwnsk37snrb9tdmtvy70f 882659 882658 2026-07-12T18:15:58Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882659 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (Dallas Area Rapid Transit) nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. Sistèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. qwxxx4hp6d9knazaqtvphoafffqte6x 882660 882659 2026-07-12T18:16:08Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882660 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. Sistèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. nh9gl2jm53noto8sni7ohjhei81db48 882661 882660 2026-07-12T18:17:13Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882661 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. Sistèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. == Lyen deyò == 6mgnj9x6gilem4p31vj1v2hm2qbx4bx 882662 882661 2026-07-12T18:18:02Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882662 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. Sistèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. == Lyen deyò == == Referans == hwg30ck048y0ney13x0tbneqh4eh1yf 882663 882662 2026-07-12T18:18:17Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882663 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == == Referans == 1udq3is9094ooo8b7smp43d7yvnf124 882664 882663 2026-07-12T18:23:30Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882664 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref name="KTLALongest">{{cite web|url=https://ktla.com/news/california/the-worlds-longest-light-rail-line-is-about-to-get-even-longer/|title=The world’s longest light rail line is about to get even longer|last1=Schlepp|first1=Travis|date=28 July 2025|website=KTLA|access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == == Referans == q0f0bvvvi41j96jqhxbfxpqp39h8bu5 882665 882664 2026-07-12T18:24:12Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882665 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref name="KTLALongest">{{cite web|url=https://ktla.com/news/california/the-worlds-longest-light-rail-line-is-about-to-get-even-longer/|title=Liy tren lejè ki pi long nan mond lan pral vin pi long toujou.|last1=Schlepp|first1=Travis|date=28 July 2025|website=KTLA|access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == == Referans == t6c2f0a9un1i5s9bduq8i4zhgq8c94h 882666 882665 2026-07-12T18:37:28Z Armadillo Jack 39795 /* Lyen deyò */ 882666 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''']] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref name="KTLALongest">{{cite web|url=https://ktla.com/news/california/the-worlds-longest-light-rail-line-is-about-to-get-even-longer/|title=Liy tren lejè ki pi long nan mond lan pral vin pi long toujou.|last1=Schlepp|first1=Travis|date=28 July 2025|website=KTLA|access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == '''DART - Dallas Area Rapid Transit Home [https://www.dart.org/ www.dart.org]''' == Referans == t2u0462373w5mstt6m3x4n76wvznnoc 882667 882666 2026-07-12T18:39:21Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882667 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''DART Downtown Plano station''''''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == == Referans == dcv0xv2ttcqimuy5mncrhvlcswduq9p 882668 882667 2026-07-12T18:39:35Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882668 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == == Referans == sk9sqbnhjt58pv6682nbf468y8bpd4w 882669 882668 2026-07-12T18:40:43Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882669 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == == Referans == p0wx55thd72gf5xmkodos9psf8u1fpd 882670 882669 2026-07-12T18:42:57Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882670 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/about/about-dart/about-dart/dart-facts|title=DART Facts|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|language=en|access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Irving/DFW Corridor">{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartirvingdfwfactsheet.pdf|title=Irving/DFW Corridor: Bachman to DFW Airport Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthwestfactsheet.pdf|title=Northwest Corridor: Downtown Dallas to North Carrollton/Frankford Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartdowntowndallascbdfactsheet.pdf|title=Downtown Dallas Central Business District: Convention Center to Pearl Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthcentralfactsheet.pdf|title=North Central Corridor: Downtown Dallas to Parker Road Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == == Referans == i8qlfh0ptqz9pbjxdom2sm4q9wm00ht 882672 882670 2026-07-12T18:45:46Z Armadillo Jack 39795 /* Lyen deyò */ 882672 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/about/about-dart/about-dart/dart-facts|title=DART Facts|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|language=en|access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Irving/DFW Corridor">{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartirvingdfwfactsheet.pdf|title=Irving/DFW Corridor: Bachman to DFW Airport Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthwestfactsheet.pdf|title=Northwest Corridor: Downtown Dallas to North Carrollton/Frankford Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartdowntowndallascbdfactsheet.pdf|title=Downtown Dallas Central Business District: Convention Center to Pearl Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthcentralfactsheet.pdf|title=North Central Corridor: Downtown Dallas to Parker Road Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == {{Commons category|DART Light Rail}} *[http://www.dart.org/ Official site] *[http://www.transportedart.org Official site (Spanish Language)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.transportedart.org/|date=20080819193732}} **[http://www.dart.org/maps/systemmap.asp System Map] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/currentandfutureservicesmap.asp Expansion Plan Map] **[http://www.dart.org/about/history.asp DART History]{{Control de autoridades}} [[Categoría:Estaciones de ferrocarril de Estados Unidos inauguradas en 2002]] [[Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos con coordenadas en Wikidata]] == Referans == t8x3jyfbs9o6bomueeirniv64t70kn1 882673 882672 2026-07-12T18:46:32Z Armadillo Jack 39795 /* Lyen deyò */ 882673 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/about/about-dart/about-dart/dart-facts|title=DART Facts|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|language=en|access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Irving/DFW Corridor">{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartirvingdfwfactsheet.pdf|title=Irving/DFW Corridor: Bachman to DFW Airport Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthwestfactsheet.pdf|title=Northwest Corridor: Downtown Dallas to North Carrollton/Frankford Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartdowntowndallascbdfactsheet.pdf|title=Downtown Dallas Central Business District: Convention Center to Pearl Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthcentralfactsheet.pdf|title=North Central Corridor: Downtown Dallas to Parker Road Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == {{Commons category|DART Light Rail}} *[http://www.dart.org/ Official site] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/systemmap.asp System Map] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/currentandfutureservicesmap.asp Expansion Plan Map] **[http://www.dart.org/about/history.asp DART History] == Referans == ttmeq3y5eh9zfo69s5bi6hdx8p0picd 882674 882673 2026-07-12T18:46:55Z Armadillo Jack 39795 /* Lyen deyò */ 882674 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/about/about-dart/about-dart/dart-facts|title=DART Facts|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|language=en|access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Irving/DFW Corridor">{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartirvingdfwfactsheet.pdf|title=Irving/DFW Corridor: Bachman to DFW Airport Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthwestfactsheet.pdf|title=Northwest Corridor: Downtown Dallas to North Carrollton/Frankford Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartdowntowndallascbdfactsheet.pdf|title=Downtown Dallas Central Business District: Convention Center to Pearl Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthcentralfactsheet.pdf|title=North Central Corridor: Downtown Dallas to Parker Road Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == {{Commons category|DART Light Rail}} **[http://www.dart.org/ Official site] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/systemmap.asp System Map] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/currentandfutureservicesmap.asp Expansion Plan Map] **[http://www.dart.org/about/history.asp DART History] == Referans == i059o6j9yb056p8omtjgr682w0jo9eq 882675 882674 2026-07-12T18:47:05Z Armadillo Jack 39795 /* Lyen deyò */ 882675 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/about/about-dart/about-dart/dart-facts|title=DART Facts|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|language=en|access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Irving/DFW Corridor">{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartirvingdfwfactsheet.pdf|title=Irving/DFW Corridor: Bachman to DFW Airport Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthwestfactsheet.pdf|title=Northwest Corridor: Downtown Dallas to North Carrollton/Frankford Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartdowntowndallascbdfactsheet.pdf|title=Downtown Dallas Central Business District: Convention Center to Pearl Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthcentralfactsheet.pdf|title=North Central Corridor: Downtown Dallas to Parker Road Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == {{Commons category|DART Light Rail}} **[http://www.dart.org/ Official site] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/systemmap.asp System Map] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/currentandfutureservicesmap.asp Expansion Plan Map] **[http://www.dart.org/about/history.asp DART History] == Referans == hmms4vssizev817hfqlgjbzylvn6l8v 882676 882675 2026-07-12T18:47:34Z Armadillo Jack 39795 /* Lyen deyò */ 882676 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/about/about-dart/about-dart/dart-facts|title=DART Facts|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|language=en|access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Irving/DFW Corridor">{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartirvingdfwfactsheet.pdf|title=Irving/DFW Corridor: Bachman to DFW Airport Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthwestfactsheet.pdf|title=Northwest Corridor: Downtown Dallas to North Carrollton/Frankford Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartdowntowndallascbdfactsheet.pdf|title=Downtown Dallas Central Business District: Convention Center to Pearl Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthcentralfactsheet.pdf|title=North Central Corridor: Downtown Dallas to Parker Road Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == **[http://www.dart.org/ Official site] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/systemmap.asp System Map] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/currentandfutureservicesmap.asp Expansion Plan Map] **[http://www.dart.org/about/history.asp DART History] == Referans == mifpjfb5a66em5ofnjhc27mzcokm1y1 882677 882676 2026-07-12T18:47:56Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882677 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren DART (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/about/about-dart/about-dart/dart-facts|title=DART Facts|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|language=en|access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Irving/DFW Corridor">{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartirvingdfwfactsheet.pdf|title=Irving/DFW Corridor: Bachman to DFW Airport Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthwestfactsheet.pdf|title=Northwest Corridor: Downtown Dallas to North Carrollton/Frankford Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartdowntowndallascbdfactsheet.pdf|title=Downtown Dallas Central Business District: Convention Center to Pearl Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthcentralfactsheet.pdf|title=North Central Corridor: Downtown Dallas to Parker Road Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == {{Commons category|DART Light Rail}} **[http://www.dart.org/ Official site] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/systemmap.asp System Map] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/currentandfutureservicesmap.asp Expansion Plan Map] **[http://www.dart.org/about/history.asp DART History] == Referans == i059o6j9yb056p8omtjgr682w0jo9eq 882678 882677 2026-07-12T18:48:12Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882678 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren '''DART''' (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/about/about-dart/about-dart/dart-facts|title=DART Facts|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|language=en|access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Irving/DFW Corridor">{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartirvingdfwfactsheet.pdf|title=Irving/DFW Corridor: Bachman to DFW Airport Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthwestfactsheet.pdf|title=Northwest Corridor: Downtown Dallas to North Carrollton/Frankford Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartdowntowndallascbdfactsheet.pdf|title=Downtown Dallas Central Business District: Convention Center to Pearl Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthcentralfactsheet.pdf|title=North Central Corridor: Downtown Dallas to Parker Road Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == {{Commons category|DART Light Rail}} **[http://www.dart.org/ Official site] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/systemmap.asp System Map] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/currentandfutureservicesmap.asp Expansion Plan Map] **[http://www.dart.org/about/history.asp DART History] == Referans == btz50xjvsjn65rvj8dydvdn7b8iqa39 882679 882678 2026-07-12T18:48:50Z Armadillo Jack 39795 /* Lyen deyò */ 882679 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren '''DART''' (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/about/about-dart/about-dart/dart-facts|title=DART Facts|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|language=en|access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Irving/DFW Corridor">{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartirvingdfwfactsheet.pdf|title=Irving/DFW Corridor: Bachman to DFW Airport Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthwestfactsheet.pdf|title=Northwest Corridor: Downtown Dallas to North Carrollton/Frankford Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartdowntowndallascbdfactsheet.pdf|title=Downtown Dallas Central Business District: Convention Center to Pearl Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthcentralfactsheet.pdf|title=North Central Corridor: Downtown Dallas to Parker Road Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò =={{Commons category|DART Light Rail}} **[http://www.dart.org/ Official site] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/systemmap.asp System Map] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/currentandfutureservicesmap.asp Expansion Plan Map] **[http://www.dart.org/about/history.asp DART History] == Referans == gc5oirhh92xdjrhow1dmsvhukvgmwkr 882680 882679 2026-07-12T18:49:35Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882680 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren '''DART''' (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/about/about-dart/about-dart/dart-facts|title=DART Facts|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|language=en|access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Irving/DFW Corridor">{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartirvingdfwfactsheet.pdf|title=Irving/DFW Corridor: Bachman to DFW Airport Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthwestfactsheet.pdf|title=Northwest Corridor: Downtown Dallas to North Carrollton/Frankford Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartdowntowndallascbdfactsheet.pdf|title=Downtown Dallas Central Business District: Convention Center to Pearl Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthcentralfactsheet.pdf|title=North Central Corridor: Downtown Dallas to Parker Road Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == {{Commons category|DART Light Rail}} **[http://www.dart.org/ Official site] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/systemmap.asp System Map] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/currentandfutureservicesmap.asp Expansion Plan Map] **[http://www.dart.org/about/history.asp DART History] == Referans == 44wjmgvc03gerlazbuwqqpmc823vt38 882682 882680 2026-07-12T18:49:53Z Armadillo Jack 39795 882682 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren '''DART''' (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/about/about-dart/about-dart/dart-facts|title=DART Facts|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|language=en|access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Irving/DFW Corridor">{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartirvingdfwfactsheet.pdf|title=Irving/DFW Corridor: Bachman to DFW Airport Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthwestfactsheet.pdf|title=Northwest Corridor: Downtown Dallas to North Carrollton/Frankford Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartdowntowndallascbdfactsheet.pdf|title=Downtown Dallas Central Business District: Convention Center to Pearl Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthcentralfactsheet.pdf|title=North Central Corridor: Downtown Dallas to Parker Road Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == **[http://www.dart.org/ Official site] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/systemmap.asp System Map] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/currentandfutureservicesmap.asp Expansion Plan Map] **[http://www.dart.org/about/history.asp DART History] == Referans == nq0qtpoz4u63lbjylo9r5gylmkfo3h7 882684 882682 2026-07-12T18:56:31Z Armadillo Jack 39795 /* Lyen deyò */ 882684 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:DART Downtown Plano station - February 2020.jpg|vignette|'''Adrès:''' 1001 East 16th Street, Plano, Texas<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web |title=Downtown Plano Station |url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station |website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] |access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> ]] '''Downtown Plano station''' se yon estasyon tren '''DART''' (an Anglè: ''Dallas Area Rapid Transit'') nan peyi  Plano nan eta Texas. Se DART ki opere Dallas Light Rail la. Estasyon an sitiye nan distri istorik sant vil Plano a, sou bò lès Haggard Park. Li sèvi Liy Wouj la epi, pandan peryòd pik yo, Liy Orange la. istèm nan te kòmanse opere an 1996 epi li gen yon rezo plis pase 93 mil (150 km) ray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/about/about-dart/about-dart/dart-facts|title=DART Facts|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|language=en|access-date=2024-02-01}}</ref><ref name="Irving/DFW Corridor">{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartirvingdfwfactsheet.pdf|title=Irving/DFW Corridor: Bachman to DFW Airport Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthwestfactsheet.pdf|title=Northwest Corridor: Downtown Dallas to North Carrollton/Frankford Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartdowntowndallascbdfactsheet.pdf|title=Downtown Dallas Central Business District: Convention Center to Pearl Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dartorgcmsblob.dart.org/prod/docs/default-source/dart-facts/dartnorthcentralfactsheet.pdf|title=North Central Corridor: Downtown Dallas to Parker Road Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]}}</ref> Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas (DART) la se yon sistèm tren lejè ki sèvi zòn metwopolitèn Dallas nan Texas. Sistèm Transit Tren Lejè Dallas la opere pa DART. Sistèm nan gen 62 estasyon an fonksyon, tout adapte pou aksè pou moun ki gen mobilite redwi. == Lyen deyò == **[http://www.dart.org/ Official site] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/systemmap.asp System Map] **[http://www.dart.org/maps/currentandfutureservicesmap.asp Expansion Plan Map] == Referans == jp1aez7jhqdhei5yrmibn0pth6ekmmo 2 97645 882643 2026-07-12T15:14:32Z Armadillo Jack 39795 Paj ki kreye ak " Adrès 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] " 882643 wikitext text/x-wiki Adrès 1001 East 16th Street<ref name="Station Guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.dart.org/guide/transit-and-use/rail/rail-station-detail/downtown-plano-station|title=Downtown Plano Station|website=[[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]]|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>,[[Plano, Texas]] su1vuuctqzexlufcq0i19s7d1evb95r 882644 882643 2026-07-12T15:14:47Z Armadillo Jack 39795 Tout paj sa efase 882644 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 97646 882683 2026-07-12T18:56:04Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354973802|Prohibitions in Sikhism]] » 882683 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles>Moun k ap pratike Sikhi swiv yon seri entèdiksyon. Sa yo pa manda relijye jan Sikhi sijere a, yo pa entèdi, men pito se manda ki soti nan nòm sosyal. Menm jan ak nenpòt disip nan nenpòt lafwa oswa gwoup, patisipasyon an varye selon chak moun. == Entèdiksyon == Sikh [[Khalsa]] inisye ki te sibi inisyasyon yo swiv entèdiksyon sa yo estrikteman. Pandan ke gourou Sikh yo pa t aplike relijyon epi yo pa t kwè nan fòse moun swiv okenn relijyon patikilye an jeneral, kominote Sikh la ankouraje tout moun pou yo vin pi bon moun lè yo swiv Konsèy Guru a (Gurmatta), olye pou yo viv lavi san kòd disip Guru a (Man-mat) 4 gwo transgresyon: * Retire pwal – Koupe pwal, taye pwal, retire pwal, raze pwal, rache pwal, pase fil, kolore pwal, oubyen nenpòt lòt modifikasyon nan nenpòt pati nan kò a entèdi fòmèlman. Manje vyann Kutha, vyann yon bèt ki gen yon seremoni relijye pou touye l, tankou resitasyon yon priyè, jan lalwa Mizilman ak Jwif egzije sa. Sa a se minimòm absoli tout Sikh inisye yo egzije. Malgre ke kèk Sikh pratike epi rekòmande lakto vejetarism, anpil Sikh evite manje manje ki pa vejetaryen, epi yo kwè tout moun ta dwe swiv rejim sa a. Sa a se akòz plizyè aspè sosyal, kiltirèl, politik, ak familyal. Kidonk, te toujou gen gwo dezakò pami Sikh yo sou kesyon manje manje ki pa vejetaryen. Sikh ki swiv Rehat (Kòd Konduit) Damdami Taksal & Akhand Kirtani Jatha yo dakò ak opinyon sa a tou. Akali Nihang yo tradisyonèlman manje vyann epi yo renome pou fè Jhatka. Kidonk, gen yon pakèt opinyon ki egziste sou kesyon yon "rejim alimantè Sikh" ki apwopriye nan Panth la. Malgre sa, tout Sikh yo dakò ak konsansis minimòm lan ke vyann ki touye atravè metòd Mizilman (Halal), Jwif (Shechita) oswa nenpòt lòt fason relijye pou touye vyann, se estrikteman kont prensip Sikh yo. Akal Takht la reprezante otorite final la sou pwoblèm kontwovèsyal konsènan Sikh Panth la (kominote oswa kolektif). Hukamnama a (dekrè oswa klarifikasyon), ki te pibliye pa Akal Takht Jathedar Sadhu Singh Bhaura nan dat 15 fevriye 1980, deklare ke manje vyann pa ale kont kòd konduit Sikh yo. Sikh Amritdhari yo ka manje vyann toutotan se vyann Jhatka.[9] Adiltè: Viv ansanm ak yon lòt moun apa de mari oswa madanm ou (relasyon seksyèl ak nenpòt moun ou pa marye avè l - okòmansman yon entèdiksyon sou relasyon seksyèl ak fanm mizilman, Guru Gobind Singh te bay yon entèdiksyon pou pa sezi yo pandan lagè paske kontak seksyèl avèk yo te konsidere kòm polisyon. Kahn Singh Nabha nan Mouvman Singh Sabha te pita konkli ke lòd Guru a te entèprete kòm yon entèdiksyon sou relasyon seksyèl ak yon lòt fanm apa de madanm ou.) Bwason ki anpwazonnen - Yon Sikh pa dwe pran chanv (kanabis), opyòm, alkòl, tabak, kokayin, nakotik, elatriye. An brèf, okenn sibstans ki anpwazonnen pa otorize. Anjeneral, kanabis entèdi, men kèk Sikh konsome li nan fòm manjab nan yon rituèl. Gen kèk gwoup Sikh, tankou Damdami Taksal, ki menm opoze ak bwè kafeyin nan te Endyen. Te Endyen prèske toujou sèvi nan gurudwara Sikh atravè lemond. Gen kèk gwoup Akali Nihang ki konsome shaheedi degh (ਭੰਗ) ki gen kanabis, swadizan pou ede nan meditasyon. Sūkha parshaad (ਸੁੱਖਾ ਪ੍ਰਰਸਾਦ), "Sèk-dous", se tèm Akali Nihang yo itilize pou refere a li. Tradisyonèlman, yo te kraze l epi konsome l kòm yon likid, sitou pandan festival tankou Hola Mohalla. Yo pa janm fimen l, paske pratik sa a entèdi nan Sikhi. An 2001, Jathedar Santa Singh, lidè Budha Dal la, ansanm ak 20 chèf sèk Nihang yo, te refize aksepte entèdiksyon sou konsomasyon shaheedi degh pa klèje Sikh ki nan tèt Akal Takht la - pou prezève pratik tradisyonèl yo. Selon yon atik BBC ki te pibliye resamman, "Tradisyonèlman, yo te konn bwè shaheedi degh tou, yon melanj kanabis, pou yo te ka vin pi pwòch ak Bondye". Baba Santa Singh te ekskominike epi yo te ranplase l ak Baba Balbir Singh, ki te dakò pou l pa konsome bhang. Gen lòt pratik yo mansyone pou evite, dapre Sikh Rehat Maryada a: * Li entèdi pou gason ak fanm Sikh pèse nen oswa zòrèy pou mete bijou. * Timoun ki touye pitit fi: Yon Sikh pa ta dwe touye pitit fi li; ni li pa ta dwe kenbe okenn relasyon ak yon moun ki asasen pitit fi li. * Yon Sikh pa dwe vòlè, fòme asosyasyon dout oswa patisipe nan jwèt aza . * Li pa apwopriye pou yon fanm Sikh mete yon vwal ki kouvri figi l oswa pou l kache figi l. * Sik yo pa ka mete okenn siy lòt relijyon. Sik yo pa dwe gen tèt yo toutouni oswa mete kaskèt . Yo pa ka mete okenn [[bijou]] ki ka pèse okenn pati nan kò yo tou. * Klas prèt eritye - Sikhi pa gen prèt, paske yo te aboli pa Guru Gobind Singh (10yèm Guru Sikhism nan). <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhs.org/summary.htm|title=Sikhism Religion of the Sikh People|publisher=sikhs.org}}</ref> Sèl pozisyon li te kite se te yon [[Granti|Granthi]] pou pran swen Guru Granth Sahib la; nenpòt Sikh lib pou vin Granthi oswa li nan men Guru Granth Sahib la. <ref name="autogenerated2" /> * Espirityalite avèg: Yo pa ta dwe obsève oswa swiv idolatri, sipèstisyon, ak rituèl, tankou [[pelerinaj]], jèn, ak pirifikasyon rituèl ; sikonsizyon ; adorasyon zansèt; adorasyon tonm ; ak mete vwal obligatwa pou fanm yo. Sepandan, obsèvasyon [[senk K]] yo pa konsidere kòm sipèstisyon avèg, paske yo gen entansyon ede Sikh yo nan lavi chak jou yo. * Obsesyon materyèl: Yo pa ankouraje obsesyon ak richès materyèl nan Sikhism. * Sakrifis bèt: Sakrifis bèt pou [[Fete|selebre]] okazyon sakre yo entèdi. * Lavi ki pa oryante sou fanmi: Yo ankouraje Sik yo pou yo viv tankou yon rekli, yon mandyan, yon yogi / yogini, yon monastik ( mwàn / relijyez ), oswa selibatè . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> * Pale san valè: Vanteri, tripotaj, manti, kalomnye, " koute sou do ," elatriye, pa pèmèt. [[Guru Granth Sahib]] la di Sikh la, "bouch ou pa sispann kalomnye ak tripotaj sou lòt moun. Sèvis ou a pa itil e li pa bay rezilta." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=1253&english=t&id=53906|title=Sri Granth: Sri Guru Granth Sahib|website=srigranth.org}}</ref> == Gade tou == * Rechape * Rejim alimantè nan Sikhism * Kannabis ak Sikhism == Referans == {{Referans}} == Lyen ekstèn == * [http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/sikh-sikhi-sikhism/8828-fools-who-wrangle-over-flesh.html Moun sòt k'ap goumen pou lachè] * [https://www.scribd.com/doc/25772618/FOOLS-WHO-WRANGLE-OVER-FLESH-ORTHODOX-SIKH-VIEW-ON-MEAT Vèsyon Adobe nan Fools Who Wrangle Over Flesh] * [http://www.sikhs.wellington.net.nz/meat.pdf Pwofesè Gurbax Singh Dhillon – Manje Vyann ak Rehat Maryada] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8G8gUr9fIKc Videyo ki montre Jhatka nan Hazoor Sahib] * [http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/sikh-news/24666-sacrifice-at-hazur-sahib-myth-truth.html Mit Sakrifis Kabrit ak Hazoor Sahib la] * Tenets of Guru Gobind Singh by Baldev Singh * [http://sikhs.tulwar.com/meat.htm Istwa Sikh sou Rejim] * [http://www.sikhs.org/meat_au.htm Opinyon Sikh Scholar sou rejim alimantè a] ioysvkliekk7cdl1cul8vhbeqm89lwo 0 97647 882685 2026-07-12T19:14:29Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360201588|Tung Shing]] » 882685 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''''Tung Shing''''' ( Chinese 通勝 ), yo rele tou '''Kalandriye Jòn''' nan oubyen '''Kalandriye Imperial''' la, se yon gid divinasyon ak yon almanak Chinwa. Li konsiste prensipalman de yon [[Almanak|kalandriye]] ki baze sou tèm solè Chinwa yo olye de [[Kalandriye chinwa|kalandriye linè-solè Chinwa]] a. == Istwa == ''Tung Shing'' soti nan ''Wong Lik'' ({{Lang|zh-hant|黃曆}}, "Kalandriye Jòn nan"), ke lejann atribiye a Anperè Jòn nan. Li chanje fòm li plizyè fwa pandan ane yo pandan tout dinasti yo; yo di dènye vèsyon an te modifye anba [[dinasti Qing]] la epi yo te rele l '''''Tung Shu''''' ({{Lang|zh-hant|通書}} ). ''Tung'' ({{Lang|zh-hant|通}}) vle di "tout", ''Shu'' ({{Lang|zh-hant|書}}) vle di "liv", kidonk ''Tung Shu'' literalman vle di "Liv ki konnen tout bagay". Sepandan, nan Chinwa Kantonè ak Chinwa Mandarin, pwononsyasyon mo pou "liv" la se yon omofòn nan yon mo pou ''defèt'' ({{Lang|zh-hant|輸}}), kidonk ''Tung Shu'' te sonnen tankou "Defèt nan tout bagay" ({{Lang|zh-hant|通輸}}). Se poutèt sa, yo te chanje non an pou ''Tung Shing'' ({{Lang|zh-hant|通勝}}), ki vle di "Viktorye nan tout bagay". {{Sfn|Palmer|1986}} == Kontni == Pifò nan sa ki ekri nan liv la pale sou sa ki bon pou moun fè chak jou. Gen kèk fanmi Chinwa ki toujou swiv jou sa yo pou seremoni maryaj, lantèman, ak lòt bagay ankò. Anpil pratikan feng shui (fung shui) ak divinò k ap li desten sèvi ak Tung Shing lan tou pou konplete lòt metòd seleksyon dat. Yo itilize li pou chwazi jou ak lè pou gwo evènman enpòtan tankou maryaj, seremoni ouvèti ofisyèl, antre nan yon nouvo kay, ak siyati gwo kontra, ansanm ak ti evènman ki pi senp tankou lè pou kòmanse renovasyon oswa pou vwayaje. Itilizasyon ki pi komen pou Tung Shing se pou chwazi dat maryaj. Tung Shing lan gen enfòmasyon sou jou ki pote chans (bon chans) ak jou ki pote malè (move chans) pou maryaj oswa angajman. Anplis de sa, li bay lè ki pi bon pou moun reyalize aktivite sa yo. Tung Shing lan pèmèt moun konvèti lanne ak dat ant kalandriye lalin lan ak kalandriye solèy la (kalandriye komen an). Nan vèsyon ki pi detaye yo, kalandriye a bay lis eklipt (eklipt solèy ak eklipt lalin), dat chak sezon kòmanse, ak jou kote li pral fè frèt oswa cho. Li anseye prensip etik ak valè moral tou jeneralman atravè ti istwa. Vèsyon Tung Shing yo vann nan Hong Kong, Macau, ak Taiwan baze sou de vèsyon ki te fèt nan finisman dinasti Qing an. Liv sa a konnen tou pou definisyon an anglè li genyen ak pou mo li yo ki tradui nan karaktè kantonè == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:Tōngshèng_通勝_cover.jpg|alt=Cover of a version of 通勝 Tung Shing from year 2010| Kouvri yon vèsyon nan{{Lang|zh-hant|通勝}}Tung Shing depi ane 2010 Fichye:HK_WC_灣仔_Wan_Chai_莊士敦道_Johnston_Road_shop_執笠倉_Cheap_Lab_Store_通勝_Tung_Sheng_October_2021_SS2.jpg|alt=Tung Shing sold at a market| Tung Shing vann nan yon mache Fichye:HK_WCD_香港會展_HKCEC_WCN_灣仔北_Wan_Chai_North_香港書展_Hong_Kong_Book_Fair_July_2021_S64_81.jpg|alt=Covers depicting, from left: wealth, family, longevity| Kouvèti ki montre, soti agoch apati de: richès, fanmi, lonjevite Fichye:HKHM_沙田_Shatin_香港文化博物館_HK_Heritage_Museum_兒童探知館_Children's_Discovery_Gallery_永經堂印刷集團_Wing_King_Tong_Printing_蔡伯勵_Choi_Park_Lai_通勝_Tung_Sheng_June_2022_Px3_09.jpg|alt=Spring Cow Chart (春牛图) and lunar week| Spring Cow Chart (春牛图) ak semèn linè Fichye:HKHM_沙田_Shatin_香港文化博物館_HK_Heritage_Museum_兒童探知館_Children's_Discovery_Gallery_永經堂印刷集團_Wing_King_Tong_Printing_蔡伯勵_Choi_Park_Lai_通勝_Tung_Sheng_June_2022_Px3_10.jpg|alt=Feng shui and agricultural forecast| Feng shui ak previzyon agrikòl Fichye:HKHM_沙田_Shatin_香港文化博物館_HK_Heritage_Museum_兒童探知館_Children's_Discovery_Gallery_永經堂印刷集團_Wing_King_Tong_Printing_蔡伯勵_Choi_Park_Lai_通勝_Tung_Sheng_June_2022_Px3_05.jpg|alt=Heaven Official's Blessing (天官賜福) chart| Tablo benediksyon ofisyèl syèl la (天官賜福). </gallery> == Lòt espesyalite == * Entèprete sò yon moun * Mezire pwa nanm yon moun (mande Kat Pilye Destine ) * Tablo lekti figi ak lekti pla men * "Pandan plizyè syèk, yo te konnen T'ung Shu kòm Almanak Kiltivatè yo, epi pifò nan enfòmasyon pratik li yo te konsène move tan, rekòt, simen, rekòlte ak sou sa." {{Sfn|Palmer|1986}} == Gade tou == * Astwoloji Chinwa * ''Da Liu Ren'' (大六壬) * Fuji (ekriti planchèt) * Fulu * Divinasyon I Ching * Lingqijing * Kau Cim * ''Qi Men Dun Jia'' (奇門遁甲) * ''Chante Shaobing'' * Tai Sui * ''Tai Yi Shen Shu'' (太乙神數) * Tangki * ''Tui bei tu'' * Wen Wang Gua == Referans == {{Referans}} *   * {{Cite web|url=https://www.angelfire.com/magic/tungshing/main.htm|script-title=zh:中國語文及文化科報告主頁 ─ 什麼是通勝?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070124225557/http://www.angelfire.com/magic/tungshing/main.htm|archive-date=January 24, 2007}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.absolutelyfengshui.com/others/tong-sing-tung-shu.php|title=The Chinese Almanac (a.k.a. Tong Sing)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906050945/http://www.absolutelyfengshui.com/others/tong-sing-tung-shu.php|archive-date=September 6, 2009}} Includes list of chapters == lòt lyen ekstèn == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110626141350/http://www.shkp.com/en-US/Pages/tung-shing Tung shing sou entènèt] {{Nan lang|zh}} * [http://www.singaporegrooms.com/auspicious-wedding-dates-2010/ Lis dat maryaj favorab nan Tung Shu 2010 la] * [http://www.librarything.com/work/188394 ''T'ung Shu'' 1986] nan Library Thing * [[openlibrary:b/OL3022295M/T'ung_shu__the_ancient_Chinese_almanac|''T'ung Shu'' 1986]] nan Open Library * [[openlibrary:b/OL7858802M/T'Ung_Shu_Almanac_2001|''T'ung Shu'' 2001]] nan Open Library * [https://tongshu.com ''Tong Shu sou entènèt''] an Anglè ihgrst61rpinjzcjwp8pk4r7hc4fj9p 0 97648 882686 2026-07-12T19:21:09Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361808848|Kirpan]] » 882686 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Kirpan''' la ( Punjabi ; pwononsyasyon: [kɪɾpaːn] ) se yon lam ke Sikh [[Khalsa]] yo oblije mete kòm yon pati nan inifòm relijye yo, jan Kòd Konduit Sikh la preskri sa. Tradisyonèlman, kirpan an te yon ''talwar'' gwosè konplè nan anviwon 76 santimèt longè (30 an) ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhmuseum.com/nishan/weapons/kirpan.html|title=Nishan Sahib Khanda Sikh Symbols Sikh Museum History Heritage Sikhs|website=Sikh Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104082231/http://www.sikhmuseum.com/nishan/weapons/kirpan.html|archive-date=4 January 2023|access-date=2023-03-19|quote=In earlier times the sacred kirpan carried by Sikhs had traditionally been the full size tulwar sword. By the 20th century the kirpan carried by Sikhs had evolved from the typical {{convert|76|cm|abbr=on}} blade of a tulwar sword to a short blade less than {{convert|45|cm|abbr=on}}. The change in blade length of the sacred kirpan from a sword to a knife was a difficult one for Sikhs and a direct result of onerous laws passed by the British in India. Under the Indian Arms Act (XI) of 1878, no person could carry arms except under special exemption or by virtue of a licence; the act was applied to the Sikh kirpan. At the advent of World War I, the British government fearing that the ban would affect Sikh recruitment into the British Army, thought it advisable to relax the enforcement of the provision.}}</ref> sepandan, politik ak lwa kolonyal Britanik yo te entwodui nan 19yèm syèk la te diminye longè lam la, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/customs/fiveks.shtml|title=Sikhism: The Five Ks|website=BBC Religion|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928113912/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/customs/fiveks.shtml|archive-date=28 September 2017|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> <ref name="Sukhmandir">{{Cite web|url=http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Kirpan.htm|title=Kirpan – kakar – Sikh sword|last=Khalsa|first=Sukhmandir|website=About.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405150009/http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Kirpan.htm|archive-date=5 April 2015|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> e nan epòk modèn nan, kirpan an tipikman se yon ponya ant 12 and 30 santimèt longè (5–12 an) . Selon Kòd Konduit Sikh la, "Longè nepe pou mete a pa preskri", men li dwe koube epi gen yon sèl bò (jan fòm nepe orijinal li te ye a), epi mete sou zepòl dwat la ak atravè kò a. Li fè pati yon kòmandman relijye [[Guru Gobind Singh]] te bay an 1699, ki te fonde lòd Khalsa a epi prezante [[Senk K|senk atik lafwa yo]] ('senk K' yo) ki dwe mete tout tan. == Etimoloji == Mo Punjabi a ਕਿਰਪਾਨ, kirpān, gen yon etimoloji popilè ak de rasin: ''kirpa'', ki vle di "mizèrikòd", "gras", "konpasyon" oswa "jantiyès"; ak ''aanaa'', ki vle di "onè", "gras" oswa "diyite". Anfèt, mo a sòti nan oswa gen rapò ak Sanskri कृपाण (kṛpāṇa, "epe, ponya, kouto sakrifis"), finalman soti nan tij Proto-Indo-Ewopeyen an [[wiktionary:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kerp-|*kerp-]], ki soti nan *(s)ker, ki vle di "koupe". == Objektif == Sikh yo dwe gen kalite yon ''Sant Sipahi'' oubyen "sen sòlda", yo pa dwe montre okenn pè sou chan batay la epi trete lènmi yo bat yo yon fason imen. [[Guru Granth Sahib|Bhagat]] la defini plis kalite yon ''sant sipahi'' kòm yon moun ki "vrèman brav".&nbsp;...ki goumen pou moun ki nan bezwen yo". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhphilosophy.net/threads/the-sant-sipahi-tradition-flows-from-guru-nanak-himself.36543/|title=The Sikh War Code, its Spiritual Inspiration and Impact on History|date=2 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008203535/https://www.sikhphilosophy.net/threads/the-sant-sipahi-tradition-flows-from-guru-nanak-himself.36543/|archive-date=8 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020}}</ref> Kirpan yo koube epi yo gen yon sèl kwen koupe ki ka byen file oswa mou, <ref name="Sukhmandir">{{Cite web|url=http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Kirpan.htm|title=Kirpan – kakar – Sikh sword|last=Khalsa|first=Sukhmandir|website=About.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405150009/http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Kirpan.htm|archive-date=5 April 2015|access-date=18 March 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKhalsa">Khalsa, Sukhmandir. [http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Kirpan.htm "Kirpan – kakar – Sikh sword"]. ''About.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150405150009/http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Kirpan.htm Archived] from the original on 5 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> sa depann de konviksyon relijye moun ki mete yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/kirpan-factsheet-aug2018.pdf|title=Sikhism and the Sikh Kirpan Fact Sheet|website=Sihk Coalition|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620102934/https://www.sikhcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/kirpan-factsheet-aug2018.pdf|archive-date=20 June 2023|access-date=3 August 2023}}</ref> Yo varye nan gwosè epi yon Sikh ki te sibi seremoni inisyasyon Amrit Sanskar la ka pote plis pase youn; kirpan yo dwe fèt an asye oswa fè. === Senbolis === Kirpan an reprezante ''bhagauti'', ki vle di "pouvwa diven orijinèl". == Istwa == [[Fichye:Mural_painting_of_Bijla_Singh.jpg|vignette|Fresko Bijla Singh ki soti nan Gurdwara Baba Atal, Amritsar, ki montre li kenbe yon kirpan nan ren li.]] Sikhi te fonde nan 15yèm syèk la nan rejyon Punjab nan peyi Zend nan kòmansman epòk modèn nan . Nan moman fondasyon li a, rejyon rich nan kilti sa a te gouvène pa Anpi Mughal la. Pandan epòk fondatè lafwa Sikh la ak premye gourou li a, [[Guru Nanak]], Sikhi te fleri kòm yon kontrè ak ansèyman Endou ak Mizilman ki te gaye toupatou yo. Anperè Mughal [[Akbar]] te konsantre sou tolerans relijye . Relasyon li ak [[Guru Sikh yo|guru Sikh]] yo te kòdyal. Relasyon Sikh yo ak siksesè Akbar a, Jahangir, pa t amikal. Pita, dirijan Mughal yo te retabli tradisyon charia jizya a, yon taks sou moun ki pa Mizilman. Guru Arjan Dev, senkyèm gouru a, te refize retire referans a ansèyman Mizilman ak Endou yo nan Adi Granth la epi yo te rele l epi egzekite l . <ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/arjandev.shtml|title=Execution of Guru Arjun Dev Ji|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705040232/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/arjandev.shtml|archive-date=5 July 2013|access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref> Ensidan sa a konsidere kòm yon pwen enpòtan nan listwa Sikh, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Guru-Arjan|title=Biography of Guru Arjan|website=www.britannica.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616095920/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Guru-Arjan|archive-date=16 June 2023|access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> ki te mennen nan premye egzanp militarizasyon Sikh yo anba pitit gason Guru Arjan Dev [[Guru Hargobind|, Guru Hargobind]] . Guru Arjan Dev te eksplike senk Sikh ki te akonpaye l nan [[Lawo|Lahore]] ke Guru Hargobind dwe bati yon lame defans pou pwoteje pèp la. Guru Hargobind te antrene nan shashtar vidya, yon fòm atizay masyal ki te vin répandu pami Sikh yo. Li te premye konseptyalize lide kirpan an atravè nosyon Sant Sipahi, oswa "sòlda sen". Dapre Pashaura Singh, Guru Hargobind te fè gèrye li yo kenbe yon kirpan. Relasyon ant Sikh yo ak Mughal yo te vin pi mal apre ekzekisyon nevyèm [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] la pa Aurengzeb, ki te trè entoleran anvè Sikh yo, an pati motive pa dezi li pou enpoze lalwa Islamik la . Apre ekzekisyon lidè yo ak fè fas ak pèsekisyon k ap ogmante, Sikh yo te adopte militè ofisyèlman pou pwoteksyon pwòp tèt yo lè yo te kreye [[Khalsa]] a pita; ekzekisyon yo te pouse tou fòmalizasyon divès aspè nan lafwa Sikh la. Dizyèm ak dènye gouru a, [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Gobind Singh,]] te fòmèlman enkli kirpan an kòm yon atik lafwa obligatwa pou tout Sikh batize yo, <ref name="amritsar.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.amritsar.com/The%20Five%20K.shtml|title=The 5 K's|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521171343/http://www.amritsar.com/The%20Five%20K.shtml|archive-date=21 May 2013|access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref> sa fè li yon devwa pou Sik yo pou yo kapab defann moun ki nan bezwen yo, moun ki ap sibi opresyon yo, pou defann lajistis ak libète ekspresyon. == Fabrikasyon == Yo rapòte ke Guru Hargobind te etabli bòs fòjewon ki te ekspè nan fè nepe toupatou nan zòn Darbar Sahib nan vil Amritsar. Lè Guru Gobind Singh te vin pase lòd pou kirpan an tounen yonn nan senk 'K' yo (senk mak lafwa Sikh yo), demann pou kirpan te vin ogmante anpil. Pandan epòk Anperè Sikh la, Amritsar te tounen yon gwo sant pou fabrikasyon zam pou te ka bay fòs militè Sikh yo ekipman yo te bezwen. Premye faktori kirpan ki te mache ak machin elektrik nan Amritsar te parèt nan ane 1940 yo. Pandan ane 1980 yo, fabrikasyon kirpan yo te fè yon ti kanpe pandan sis mwa touswit apre Operasyon Blue Star la nan lanne 1984, sa ki te gen yon move efè sou biznis la. Men, nan ane 1990 yo, endistri a te reprann li epi inite fabrikasyon yo t ap pwodui plizyè milye kirpan chak jou. [[Fichye:Photograph_of_kirpan-maker_Inderjeet_Singh,_by_Jasleen_Kaur,_17_December_2008.jpg|vignette|Foto Inderjeet Singh, moun ki fè kirpan an]] Depi ane 1990 yo, pandan plizyè ane, endistri fabrikasyon kirpan Amritsari a, ki te sitou sitiye nan Sultanwind Gate, Kulfi Wali Gali, Sultanwind, East Mohan Nagar, Dana Mandi, ak 100 Feet Road, te diminye soti nan plizyè santèn atelye pou rive nan trant oswa karant akòz konpetisyon ak kirpan ki pi bon mache ki fèt an Chin epi ki te pwodui rapidman an gwo; kirpan Amritsari ki fèt alamen yo ka gen pi bon kalite men yo pi chè epi yo mwens anpil akòz pwosesis fabrikasyon yo ki pi dousman. Nan ane 2000 yo, fabrikasyon kirpan Chinwa yo te prèske elimine manifaktirè Sikh lokal yo. == Legalite == Nan tan modèn, te gen deba sou pèmèt Sikh yo pote yon kirpan ki tonbe anba entèdiksyon sou zam lam, ak kèk peyi ki pèmèt Sikh yo yon dispansasyon. Gen lòt pwoblèm ki pa gen rapò ak legalite sèlman, tankou si wi ou non yo dwe pèmèt pote kirpan nan avyon komèsyal oswa nan zòn kote yo aplike sekirite. === Ostrali === Nan mwa me 2021, eta Nouvèl Gal Sid te enpoze yon entèdiksyon pou pote nenpòt kouto, ki gen ladan kirpan, sou teren lekòl apre yon ti gason 14 an te swadizan pike yon ti gason 16 an ak kirpan li nan yon lekòl nan nòdwès Sydney nan dat 6 me. Apre manm kominote Sikh Sydney yo te pale epi defann dwa pitit yo pou pote bagay relijye nan lekòl, Depatman Edikasyon eta a te ranvèse desizyon sa a nan mwa out 2021 epi li te aplike nouvo direktiv konsènan pote kirpan ak kondisyon sa yo: * Kirpan yo dwe pi piti pase 8.5 santimèt (3.3 pous) nan longè epi li pa dwe gen pwent oswa bor byen file * Kirpan yo dwe sèlman mete anba rad. * Yo dwe retire Kirpan yo pandan y ap fè espò. Nan mwa Out 2023, eta Queensland te revoke yon entèdiksyon anvan pou pote kouto nan lekòl ak lòt kote piblik apre Sikh Ostralyen Kamaljit Kaur Athwal te mennen gouvènman eta Queensland nan tribinal an 2022. Lakou Siprèm Queensland la te jwenn ke entèdiksyon an, ki te endike nan seksyon 55 nan ''Lwa sou Zam 1990 (Qld)'', te vyole ''Lwa sou Diskriminasyon Rasyal 1975 (Cth)'' . === Bèljik === Nan dat 12 oktòb 2009, tribinal [[Anvè|dapèl]] Anvè a te deklare pote yon kirpan se yon senbòl relijye, sa ki te ranvèse yon amann 550 ero yo te bay yon tribinal pi ba pou "pote yon zam aksesib libman san demontre yon rezon lejitim". <ref name="Sikhs mogen dolk dragen">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gva.be/nieuws/binnenland/aid870081/sikhs-mogen-dolk-dragen-3.aspx|title=Sikhs mogen dolk dragen|year=2009|website=Gazet van Antwerpen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015043548/http://www.gva.be/nieuws/binnenland/aid870081/sikhs-mogen-dolk-dragen-3.aspx|archive-date=15 October 2009|access-date=7 March 2010}}</ref> === Kanada === Nan pifò plas piblik nan Kanada, yo pèmèt yon kirpan, byenke te gen kèk ka nan tribinal konsènan pote kirpan nan lokal lekòl yo. Nan desizyon Lakou Siprèm Kanada an 2006 nan ''Multani v Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys,'' tribinal la te deside ke entèdiksyon kirpan nan yon anviwònman lekòl te vyole Charte Dwa ak Libète Kanada a, epi ke restriksyon an pa t ka respekte anba atik 1 nan Charte a, dapre ''R v Oakes'' . Pwoblèm nan te kòmanse lè yon ti gason lekòl 12 an te lage yon 20 santimèt (7.9 nan) yon kirpan long nan lekòl la. Anplwaye lekòl la ak paran yo te trè enkyete, epi elèv la te oblije ale lekòl anba sipèvizyon lapolis jiskaske tribinal la pran yon desizyon . Yon elèv gen dwa gen yon kirpan sou li si li sele epi byen fèmen. <ref name="cdn-hr-reporter.ca">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdn-hr-reporter.ca/hr_topics/religion-and-creed/barring-kirpan-violates-freedom-religion|title=Barring Kirpan Violates Freedom of Religion|website=The Canadian Human Rights Reporter Inc. (CHRR)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929015835/http://www.cdn-hr-reporter.ca/hr_topics/religion-and-creed/barring-kirpan-violates-freedom-religion|archive-date=29 September 2013|access-date=31 August 2013}}</ref> Nan mwa septanm 2008, lapolis Monreyal te anonse ke yo pral akize yon elèv 13 an apre li te swadizan menase yon lòt elèv ak kirpan li a. Tribinal la te jwenn elèv la pa koupab de agresyon ak kirpan an, men koupab de menas kamarad lekòl li yo, epi yo te ba li yon liberasyon absoli nan dat 15 avril 2009. Nan dat 9 fevriye 2011, Asanble Nasyonal Kebèk la te vote a l'unanimité pou entèdi kirpan nan bilding palman pwovens lan. Sepandan, malgre opozisyon Bloc Québécois la, yo te vote pou pèmèt kirpan nan bilding palman federal yo . Apati 27 novanm 2017, Transpò Kanada mete ajou lis Atik Entèdi li yo pou pèmèt Sikh yo mete kirpan ki pi piti pase 6 santimèt (2.4 pous) nan longè sou tout vòl domestik ak entènasyonal (eksepte pou Etazini). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.4391247/world-sikh-organization-welcomes-canadian-decision-to-allow-small-kirpans-on-flights-1.4391256|title=World Sikh Organization welcomes Canadian decision to allow small kirpans on flights|date=10 November 2017|website=CBC|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701232406/http://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.4391247/world-sikh-organization-welcomes-canadian-decision-to-allow-small-kirpans-on-flights-1.4391256|archive-date=1 July 2018|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref> Apati 2024, anpil Khalsa Sikh nan Kanada te konn mete kirpan yo libman an piblik. Yon egzanp se politisyen Kanadyen Jagmeet Singh, ki te mete kirpan li. === Danmak === "Anplis de sa, nan dat 24 oktòb 2006, Tribinal Gwo Chans nan Lès peyi Danmak te konfime desizyon Tribinal Vil Copenhagen an te pran anvan sa, ki te deklare li ilegal pou yon Sikh pote yon kirpan. Sa te fè Danmak vin premye peyi nan mond lan ki pase yon lwa konsa. Anvan sa, Tribinal Vil la te kondane Ripudaman Singh, k ap travay kòm syantifik jodi a, paske li te vyole lwa a lè li te mache an piblik ak yon kouto. Yo te ba li yon amand 3 000 kouròn (kroner) oswa sis jou prizon. Atout Tribinal Gwo Chans lan te anile santans sa a, li te kenbe pozisyon l pou l di yon Sikh kap pote yon kirpan vyole lwa a. Jij la te deklare ke 'apre nou fin analize tout enfòmasyon sou akize a, rezon ki fè l gen yon kouto nan men l, ak lòt sikonstans yo, nou jwenn gwo sikonstans eksepsyonèl ki redui fòt la, sa ki fè nou dwe anile pini l la, dapre Atik 83 nan Kòd Penalis la, dezyèm peryòd.' Lwa peyi Danmak pèmèt moun mache ak kouto (ki pi long pase 6 santimèt epi ki pa ka fòme) nan espas piblik si se pou yon rezon valab yo rekonèt, tankou pou travay, pastan, ak lòt aktivite konsa. Men, Tribinal Gwo Chans lan pa t konsidere relijyon kòm yon rezon valab pou yon moun pote kouto. Li te deklare ke 'pou rezon sa yo, menm jan Tribinal Vil la te di l la, nou dakò ke rezon kote akize a ap pote yon kouto paske li se yon Sikh pa ka konsidere kòm yon bi valab nou rekonèt, dapre eksepsyon ki nan Atik 4 lwa sou zam nan, paragraf 1, premye peryòd, dezyèm pati.'" === peyi Zend === [[Fichye:No_weapons_but_kirpans.jpg|alt=Sign reading "No weapons are allowed inside the bank except for kripans by Sikhs." "Kirpans" is misspelled as "kripans".|vignette|Panyen nan yon bank nan Bangalore ki entèdi tout zam eksepte kirpan.]] Sikhism te soti nan soukontinan Endyen an pandan epòk Anpi Mughal la epi majorite popilasyon Sikh la ap viv nan [[End|peyi Zend]] jodi a, kote yo fòme anviwon 2% nan popilasyon li an . Atik 25 nan [[Konstitisyon End|Konstitisyon Endyen an]] konsidere pote yon kirpan pa Sikh kòm yon bagay ki enkli nan pwofesyon relijyon Sikh la epi li pa ilegal. <ref name="English Language Version of the Indian Constitution">{{Cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/Art1-242%20(1-88).doc|title=Constitution of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205135612/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/Art1-242%20(1-88).doc|archive-date=5 February 2009|access-date=24 November 2011}}</ref> Sikh yo gen dwa pote kirpan an abò vòl domestik nan peyi Zend. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2008/06/sikhs_can_carry.html|title=Sikhs Can Carry Knives on Airplanes in India – Schneier on Security|date=10 June 2008|website=schneier.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235054/https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2008/06/sikhs_can_carry.html|archive-date=19 January 2018|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref> === Itali === An 2015, yon Sikh [[Khalsa|amritdhari]] te resevwa yon amann nan vil Goito nan Lombard, nan pwovens Mantua, paske li te pote yon 18 centimetres (7.1 nan) kirpan "san yon rezon valab". An 2017, tribinal apèl ki pi wo nan peyi Itali a, Corte di Cassazione, te konfime amann lan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gazzettadimantova.gelocal.it/mantova/cronaca/2017/05/15/news/la-cassazione-i-migranti-devono-rispettare-i-nostri-valori-1.15342013|title=La Cassazione: I migranti devono rispettare i nostri valori, resta la condanna al sikh di Goito|date=15 May 2017}}</ref> Rapò medya yo te entèprete santans lan kòm yon entèdiksyon jeneralize sou kirpan an. Depite Amritsar Lok Sabha, Gurjeet Singh Aulja, te rankontre ak diplomat italyen yo epi yo te asire l ke pa gen okenn entèdiksyon jeneralize sou kirpan ki an vigè, epi ke ka a te sèlman gen yon enpòtans espesifik pou yon sèl ka epi li pat gen okenn aplikabilite jeneral. === Syèd === Lalwa syèd la entèdi "zam lari" nan plas piblik, sa gen ladan kouto sof si itilizasyon an gen yon enterè lejitim (pa egzanp, lapèch oswa travay). Li pa otorize pou pote kouto ki pi piti toujou, kidonk li pa sèten si kirpan yo nan lalwa. <ref name="dn.se">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=147&a=21666|title=Dagens Nyheter: Sikh får bära dolk i skolan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930235808/http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=147&a=21666|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> <ref name="do.se">{{Cite web|url=http://do.se/o.o.i.s/1627|title=Ombudsmannen mot etnisk diskriminering|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928082022/http://do.se/o.o.i.s/1627|archive-date=28 September 2007|access-date=18 June 2007}}</ref> === Wayòm Ini === Kòm yon atik ki gen lam, posede yon atik ki gen lam nan yon plas piblik se ilegal anba seksyon 139 nan Lwa sou Jistis Kriminèl 1988 la, men gen yon defans espesifik pou yon moun ki akize pou pwouve ke li pote l pou "rezon relijye". <ref name="S139">{{Cite web|url=http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?parentActiveTextDocId=2116646&ActiveTextDocId=2116820|title=Criminal Justice Act 1988|website=statutelaw.gov.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215073949/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/33/section/139/2007-04-06?timeline=true|archive-date=15 December 2019|access-date=2 February 2010}}</ref> Gen yon defans idantik pou ofans menm jan an (seksyon 139A) ki gen rapò ak pote atik ki gen lam sou teren lekòl la. <ref name="statutelaw.gov.uk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?parentActiveTextDocId=2116646&ActiveTextDocId=2116821|title=Section 139A Criminal Justice Act 1988|publisher=statutelaw.gov.uk}}</ref> Lis ofisyèl atik entèdi nan sit Je Olenpik Ete Lond 2012 yo te entèdi tout kalite zam, men li te pèmèt kirpan an eksplisitman. <ref name="london2012.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/mm/Document/Documents/General/01/25/44/06/Prohibitedandrestricteditemslists_Neutral.pdf|title=Official Reports, Studies, Publications - Downloads - Olympic.org|website=london2012.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818030601/http://www.london2012.com/mm/Document/Documents/General/01/25/44/06/Prohibitedandrestricteditemslists_Neutral.pdf|archive-date=18 August 2012}}</ref> Gen dispozisyon menm jan an ki egziste nan lalwa Ekossè a, seksyon 49 nan Lwa Krim (Konsolidasyon) (Ekoss) 1995 la fè li yon ofans pou posede yon atik ki gen lam oswa pwenti nan yon plas piblik. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Gen yon defans anba atik 49(5)(b) nan lwa a pou atik pwenti oswa ak lam ki pote pou rezon relijye. Atik 49A nan menm lwa a kreye ofans pou posede yon atik ak lam oswa ak lam nan yon lekòl, epi atik 49A(4)(c) kreye yon defans ankò lè atik la pote pou rezon relijye. Apre yo te fin asasinen Henry Nowak, yon etidyan 18 an nan Inivèsite Southampton, ak yon kirpan nan dat 3 desanm 2025, epi yo te kondane asasen Sikh li a nan dat 1ye jen 2026, te gen plis deba nan Wayòm Ini a sou si wi ou non pote kirpan an piblik ta dwe legal. Depite endepandan [ a ] James McMurdock te poze Premye Minis Keir Starmer kesyon sou pote kirpan nan Kesyon Premye Minis yo nan dat 11 jen 2026. === Ozetazini === An 1994, Nevyèm Sikwi a te deside ke elèv Sikh nan lekòl piblik yo gen dwa mete kirpan an. Tribinal eta nan [[Nou Yòk (eta)|New York]] ak [[Owayo|Ohio]] te pran desizyon an favè Sikh ki te fè fas ak sitiyasyon ra pou pouswit jidisyè anba lwa anti-zam pou mete kirpan, "akòz nati relijye kirpan an ak entansyon benin Sikh yo nan mete yo." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhcoalition.org/documents/pdf/kirpan-factsheet-oct2014.pdf|title=Sikhism and the Sikh Kirpan Fact Sheet|date=30 January 2007|publisher=Sikh Coalition|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020449/http://www.sikhcoalition.org/documents/pdf/kirpan-factsheet-oct2014.pdf|archive-date=17 November 2015|access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref> Nan vil New York, yo te rive nan yon konpwomi ak Konsèy Edikasyon an kote yo te pèmèt mete kouto yo toutotan yo te byen mare nan djenn yo ak adezif epi yo te fè yo enposib pou rale. Sevè sekirite vwayaj ayeryen nan 21yèm syèk la te lakòz pwoblèm pou Sikh ki pote kirpan nan ayewopò ak lòt pòs kontwòl. Apati 2016, Administrasyon Sekirite Transpò (TSA) entèdi eksplisitman pote "kouto ak nepe relijye" sou yon moun oswa nan bagaj kabin epi li egzije pou yo mete yo nan bagaj anrejistre. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tsa.gov/travel/frequently-asked-questions/may-i-keep-head-coverings-and-other-religious-cultural-or|title=May I keep head coverings and other religious, cultural or ceremonial items on during screening?|date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235457/https://www.tsa.gov/travel/frequently-asked-questions/may-i-keep-head-coverings-and-other-religious-cultural-or|archive-date=19 January 2018|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref> An 2008, lidè Sikh Ameriken yo te chwazi pou yo pa patisipe nan yon reyinyon entèrelijye ak [[Benwa XVI|Pap Benwa XVI]] nan Sant Kiltirèl Pap Jan Pòl II nan [[Wachintòn|Washington, DC]], paske Sèvis Sekrè Etazini an ta mande yo pou yo kite kirpan an dèyè. <ref name="APKirpan">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23499948|title=Feds say Sikhs can't meet pope due to dagger: Secret service won't allow representatives wear ceremonial dagger|date=6 March 2008|website=[[NBC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928020143/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/23499948/ns/world_news-europe/t/feds-say-sikhs-cant-meet-pope-due-weapon/|archive-date=28 September 2016|access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref> Sekretè jeneral Konsèy Sikh la te deklare: "Nou dwe respekte sentete kirpan an, sitou nan rasanbleman entèrelijye sa yo. Nou pa ka febli dwa ak libète relijyon nan non sekirite." <ref name="APKirpan" /> Yon pòtpawòl pou Sèvis Sekrè a te deklare: "Nou konprann kirpan an se yon objè relijye ki sen. Men, pa definisyon, li toujou yon zam. Nou aplike politik sekirite nou an yon fason ki konsistan e jis." <ref name="APKirpan" /> == Gade tou == * Gatka * Sant Sipahi == Nòt == {{Nòt}} [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] rgsi2wbd1frkkqtk9azbj1dhemwopjw 882687 882686 2026-07-12T19:22:05Z 1104s72 38991 882687 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Kirpan''' la ( Punjabi ਕਿਰਪਾਨ ; pwononsyasyon: [kɪɾpaːn] ) se yon lam ke Sikh [[Khalsa]] yo oblije mete kòm yon pati nan inifòm relijye yo, jan Kòd Konduit Sikh la preskri sa. Tradisyonèlman, kirpan an te yon ''talwar'' gwosè konplè nan anviwon 76 santimèt longè (30 an) ; <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhmuseum.com/nishan/weapons/kirpan.html|title=Nishan Sahib Khanda Sikh Symbols Sikh Museum History Heritage Sikhs|website=Sikh Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104082231/http://www.sikhmuseum.com/nishan/weapons/kirpan.html|archive-date=4 January 2023|access-date=2023-03-19|quote=In earlier times the sacred kirpan carried by Sikhs had traditionally been the full size tulwar sword. By the 20th century the kirpan carried by Sikhs had evolved from the typical {{convert|76|cm|abbr=on}} blade of a tulwar sword to a short blade less than {{convert|45|cm|abbr=on}}. The change in blade length of the sacred kirpan from a sword to a knife was a difficult one for Sikhs and a direct result of onerous laws passed by the British in India. Under the Indian Arms Act (XI) of 1878, no person could carry arms except under special exemption or by virtue of a licence; the act was applied to the Sikh kirpan. At the advent of World War I, the British government fearing that the ban would affect Sikh recruitment into the British Army, thought it advisable to relax the enforcement of the provision.}}</ref> sepandan, politik ak lwa kolonyal Britanik yo te entwodui nan 19yèm syèk la te diminye longè lam la, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/customs/fiveks.shtml|title=Sikhism: The Five Ks|website=BBC Religion|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928113912/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/customs/fiveks.shtml|archive-date=28 September 2017|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> <ref name="Sukhmandir">{{Cite web|url=http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Kirpan.htm|title=Kirpan – kakar – Sikh sword|last=Khalsa|first=Sukhmandir|website=About.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405150009/http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Kirpan.htm|archive-date=5 April 2015|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> e nan epòk modèn nan, kirpan an tipikman se yon ponya ant 12 and 30 santimèt longè (5–12 an) . Selon Kòd Konduit Sikh la, "Longè nepe pou mete a pa preskri", men li dwe koube epi gen yon sèl bò (jan fòm nepe orijinal li te ye a), epi mete sou zepòl dwat la ak atravè kò a. Li fè pati yon kòmandman relijye [[Guru Gobind Singh]] te bay an 1699, ki te fonde lòd Khalsa a epi prezante [[Senk K|senk atik lafwa yo]] ('senk K' yo) ki dwe mete tout tan. == Etimoloji == Mo Punjabi a ਕਿਰਪਾਨ, kirpān, gen yon etimoloji popilè ak de rasin: ''kirpa'', ki vle di "mizèrikòd", "gras", "konpasyon" oswa "jantiyès"; ak ''aanaa'', ki vle di "onè", "gras" oswa "diyite". Anfèt, mo a sòti nan oswa gen rapò ak Sanskri कृपाण (kṛpāṇa, "epe, ponya, kouto sakrifis"), finalman soti nan tij Proto-Indo-Ewopeyen an [[wiktionary:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kerp-|*kerp-]], ki soti nan *(s)ker, ki vle di "koupe". == Objektif == Sikh yo dwe gen kalite yon ''Sant Sipahi'' oubyen "sen sòlda", yo pa dwe montre okenn pè sou chan batay la epi trete lènmi yo bat yo yon fason imen. [[Guru Granth Sahib|Bhagat]] la defini plis kalite yon ''sant sipahi'' kòm yon moun ki "vrèman brav".&nbsp;...ki goumen pou moun ki nan bezwen yo". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhphilosophy.net/threads/the-sant-sipahi-tradition-flows-from-guru-nanak-himself.36543/|title=The Sikh War Code, its Spiritual Inspiration and Impact on History|date=2 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008203535/https://www.sikhphilosophy.net/threads/the-sant-sipahi-tradition-flows-from-guru-nanak-himself.36543/|archive-date=8 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020}}</ref> Kirpan yo koube epi yo gen yon sèl kwen koupe ki ka byen file oswa mou, <ref name="Sukhmandir">{{Cite web|url=http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Kirpan.htm|title=Kirpan – kakar – Sikh sword|last=Khalsa|first=Sukhmandir|website=About.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405150009/http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Kirpan.htm|archive-date=5 April 2015|access-date=18 March 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKhalsa">Khalsa, Sukhmandir. [http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Kirpan.htm "Kirpan – kakar – Sikh sword"]. ''About.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150405150009/http://sikhism.about.com/od/glossary/g/Kirpan.htm Archived] from the original on 5 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> sa depann de konviksyon relijye moun ki mete yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/kirpan-factsheet-aug2018.pdf|title=Sikhism and the Sikh Kirpan Fact Sheet|website=Sihk Coalition|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620102934/https://www.sikhcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/kirpan-factsheet-aug2018.pdf|archive-date=20 June 2023|access-date=3 August 2023}}</ref> Yo varye nan gwosè epi yon Sikh ki te sibi seremoni inisyasyon Amrit Sanskar la ka pote plis pase youn; kirpan yo dwe fèt an asye oswa fè. === Senbolis === Kirpan an reprezante ''bhagauti'', ki vle di "pouvwa diven orijinèl". == Istwa == [[Fichye:Mural_painting_of_Bijla_Singh.jpg|vignette|Fresko Bijla Singh ki soti nan Gurdwara Baba Atal, Amritsar, ki montre li kenbe yon kirpan nan ren li.]] Sikhi te fonde nan 15yèm syèk la nan rejyon Punjab nan peyi Zend nan kòmansman epòk modèn nan . Nan moman fondasyon li a, rejyon rich nan kilti sa a te gouvène pa Anpi Mughal la. Pandan epòk fondatè lafwa Sikh la ak premye gourou li a, [[Guru Nanak]], Sikhi te fleri kòm yon kontrè ak ansèyman Endou ak Mizilman ki te gaye toupatou yo. Anperè Mughal [[Akbar]] te konsantre sou tolerans relijye . Relasyon li ak [[Guru Sikh yo|guru Sikh]] yo te kòdyal. Relasyon Sikh yo ak siksesè Akbar a, Jahangir, pa t amikal. Pita, dirijan Mughal yo te retabli tradisyon charia jizya a, yon taks sou moun ki pa Mizilman. Guru Arjan Dev, senkyèm gouru a, te refize retire referans a ansèyman Mizilman ak Endou yo nan Adi Granth la epi yo te rele l epi egzekite l . <ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/arjandev.shtml|title=Execution of Guru Arjun Dev Ji|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705040232/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/arjandev.shtml|archive-date=5 July 2013|access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref> Ensidan sa a konsidere kòm yon pwen enpòtan nan listwa Sikh, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Guru-Arjan|title=Biography of Guru Arjan|website=www.britannica.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616095920/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Guru-Arjan|archive-date=16 June 2023|access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> ki te mennen nan premye egzanp militarizasyon Sikh yo anba pitit gason Guru Arjan Dev [[Guru Hargobind|, Guru Hargobind]] . Guru Arjan Dev te eksplike senk Sikh ki te akonpaye l nan [[Lawo|Lahore]] ke Guru Hargobind dwe bati yon lame defans pou pwoteje pèp la. Guru Hargobind te antrene nan shashtar vidya, yon fòm atizay masyal ki te vin répandu pami Sikh yo. Li te premye konseptyalize lide kirpan an atravè nosyon Sant Sipahi, oswa "sòlda sen". Dapre Pashaura Singh, Guru Hargobind te fè gèrye li yo kenbe yon kirpan. Relasyon ant Sikh yo ak Mughal yo te vin pi mal apre ekzekisyon nevyèm [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] la pa Aurengzeb, ki te trè entoleran anvè Sikh yo, an pati motive pa dezi li pou enpoze lalwa Islamik la . Apre ekzekisyon lidè yo ak fè fas ak pèsekisyon k ap ogmante, Sikh yo te adopte militè ofisyèlman pou pwoteksyon pwòp tèt yo lè yo te kreye [[Khalsa]] a pita; ekzekisyon yo te pouse tou fòmalizasyon divès aspè nan lafwa Sikh la. Dizyèm ak dènye gouru a, [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Gobind Singh,]] te fòmèlman enkli kirpan an kòm yon atik lafwa obligatwa pou tout Sikh batize yo, <ref name="amritsar.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.amritsar.com/The%20Five%20K.shtml|title=The 5 K's|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521171343/http://www.amritsar.com/The%20Five%20K.shtml|archive-date=21 May 2013|access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref> sa fè li yon devwa pou Sik yo pou yo kapab defann moun ki nan bezwen yo, moun ki ap sibi opresyon yo, pou defann lajistis ak libète ekspresyon. == Fabrikasyon == Yo rapòte ke Guru Hargobind te etabli bòs fòjewon ki te ekspè nan fè nepe toupatou nan zòn Darbar Sahib nan vil Amritsar. Lè Guru Gobind Singh te vin pase lòd pou kirpan an tounen yonn nan senk 'K' yo (senk mak lafwa Sikh yo), demann pou kirpan te vin ogmante anpil. Pandan epòk Anperè Sikh la, Amritsar te tounen yon gwo sant pou fabrikasyon zam pou te ka bay fòs militè Sikh yo ekipman yo te bezwen. Premye faktori kirpan ki te mache ak machin elektrik nan Amritsar te parèt nan ane 1940 yo. Pandan ane 1980 yo, fabrikasyon kirpan yo te fè yon ti kanpe pandan sis mwa touswit apre Operasyon Blue Star la nan lanne 1984, sa ki te gen yon move efè sou biznis la. Men, nan ane 1990 yo, endistri a te reprann li epi inite fabrikasyon yo t ap pwodui plizyè milye kirpan chak jou. [[Fichye:Photograph_of_kirpan-maker_Inderjeet_Singh,_by_Jasleen_Kaur,_17_December_2008.jpg|vignette|Foto Inderjeet Singh, moun ki fè kirpan an]] Depi ane 1990 yo, pandan plizyè ane, endistri fabrikasyon kirpan Amritsari a, ki te sitou sitiye nan Sultanwind Gate, Kulfi Wali Gali, Sultanwind, East Mohan Nagar, Dana Mandi, ak 100 Feet Road, te diminye soti nan plizyè santèn atelye pou rive nan trant oswa karant akòz konpetisyon ak kirpan ki pi bon mache ki fèt an Chin epi ki te pwodui rapidman an gwo; kirpan Amritsari ki fèt alamen yo ka gen pi bon kalite men yo pi chè epi yo mwens anpil akòz pwosesis fabrikasyon yo ki pi dousman. Nan ane 2000 yo, fabrikasyon kirpan Chinwa yo te prèske elimine manifaktirè Sikh lokal yo. == Legalite == Nan tan modèn, te gen deba sou pèmèt Sikh yo pote yon kirpan ki tonbe anba entèdiksyon sou zam lam, ak kèk peyi ki pèmèt Sikh yo yon dispansasyon. Gen lòt pwoblèm ki pa gen rapò ak legalite sèlman, tankou si wi ou non yo dwe pèmèt pote kirpan nan avyon komèsyal oswa nan zòn kote yo aplike sekirite. === Ostrali === Nan mwa me 2021, eta Nouvèl Gal Sid te enpoze yon entèdiksyon pou pote nenpòt kouto, ki gen ladan kirpan, sou teren lekòl apre yon ti gason 14 an te swadizan pike yon ti gason 16 an ak kirpan li nan yon lekòl nan nòdwès Sydney nan dat 6 me. Apre manm kominote Sikh Sydney yo te pale epi defann dwa pitit yo pou pote bagay relijye nan lekòl, Depatman Edikasyon eta a te ranvèse desizyon sa a nan mwa out 2021 epi li te aplike nouvo direktiv konsènan pote kirpan ak kondisyon sa yo: * Kirpan yo dwe pi piti pase 8.5 santimèt (3.3 pous) nan longè epi li pa dwe gen pwent oswa bor byen file * Kirpan yo dwe sèlman mete anba rad. * Yo dwe retire Kirpan yo pandan y ap fè espò. Nan mwa Out 2023, eta Queensland te revoke yon entèdiksyon anvan pou pote kouto nan lekòl ak lòt kote piblik apre Sikh Ostralyen Kamaljit Kaur Athwal te mennen gouvènman eta Queensland nan tribinal an 2022. Lakou Siprèm Queensland la te jwenn ke entèdiksyon an, ki te endike nan seksyon 55 nan ''Lwa sou Zam 1990 (Qld)'', te vyole ''Lwa sou Diskriminasyon Rasyal 1975 (Cth)'' . === Bèljik === Nan dat 12 oktòb 2009, tribinal [[Anvè|dapèl]] Anvè a te deklare pote yon kirpan se yon senbòl relijye, sa ki te ranvèse yon amann 550 ero yo te bay yon tribinal pi ba pou "pote yon zam aksesib libman san demontre yon rezon lejitim". <ref name="Sikhs mogen dolk dragen">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gva.be/nieuws/binnenland/aid870081/sikhs-mogen-dolk-dragen-3.aspx|title=Sikhs mogen dolk dragen|year=2009|website=Gazet van Antwerpen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015043548/http://www.gva.be/nieuws/binnenland/aid870081/sikhs-mogen-dolk-dragen-3.aspx|archive-date=15 October 2009|access-date=7 March 2010}}</ref> === Kanada === Nan pifò plas piblik nan Kanada, yo pèmèt yon kirpan, byenke te gen kèk ka nan tribinal konsènan pote kirpan nan lokal lekòl yo. Nan desizyon Lakou Siprèm Kanada an 2006 nan ''Multani v Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys,'' tribinal la te deside ke entèdiksyon kirpan nan yon anviwònman lekòl te vyole Charte Dwa ak Libète Kanada a, epi ke restriksyon an pa t ka respekte anba atik 1 nan Charte a, dapre ''R v Oakes'' . Pwoblèm nan te kòmanse lè yon ti gason lekòl 12 an te lage yon 20 santimèt (7.9 nan) yon kirpan long nan lekòl la. Anplwaye lekòl la ak paran yo te trè enkyete, epi elèv la te oblije ale lekòl anba sipèvizyon lapolis jiskaske tribinal la pran yon desizyon . Yon elèv gen dwa gen yon kirpan sou li si li sele epi byen fèmen. <ref name="cdn-hr-reporter.ca">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdn-hr-reporter.ca/hr_topics/religion-and-creed/barring-kirpan-violates-freedom-religion|title=Barring Kirpan Violates Freedom of Religion|website=The Canadian Human Rights Reporter Inc. (CHRR)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929015835/http://www.cdn-hr-reporter.ca/hr_topics/religion-and-creed/barring-kirpan-violates-freedom-religion|archive-date=29 September 2013|access-date=31 August 2013}}</ref> Nan mwa septanm 2008, lapolis Monreyal te anonse ke yo pral akize yon elèv 13 an apre li te swadizan menase yon lòt elèv ak kirpan li a. Tribinal la te jwenn elèv la pa koupab de agresyon ak kirpan an, men koupab de menas kamarad lekòl li yo, epi yo te ba li yon liberasyon absoli nan dat 15 avril 2009. Nan dat 9 fevriye 2011, Asanble Nasyonal Kebèk la te vote a l'unanimité pou entèdi kirpan nan bilding palman pwovens lan. Sepandan, malgre opozisyon Bloc Québécois la, yo te vote pou pèmèt kirpan nan bilding palman federal yo . Apati 27 novanm 2017, Transpò Kanada mete ajou lis Atik Entèdi li yo pou pèmèt Sikh yo mete kirpan ki pi piti pase 6 santimèt (2.4 pous) nan longè sou tout vòl domestik ak entènasyonal (eksepte pou Etazini). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.4391247/world-sikh-organization-welcomes-canadian-decision-to-allow-small-kirpans-on-flights-1.4391256|title=World Sikh Organization welcomes Canadian decision to allow small kirpans on flights|date=10 November 2017|website=CBC|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701232406/http://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.4391247/world-sikh-organization-welcomes-canadian-decision-to-allow-small-kirpans-on-flights-1.4391256|archive-date=1 July 2018|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref> Apati 2024, anpil Khalsa Sikh nan Kanada te konn mete kirpan yo libman an piblik. Yon egzanp se politisyen Kanadyen Jagmeet Singh, ki te mete kirpan li. === Danmak === "Anplis de sa, nan dat 24 oktòb 2006, Tribinal Gwo Chans nan Lès peyi Danmak te konfime desizyon Tribinal Vil Copenhagen an te pran anvan sa, ki te deklare li ilegal pou yon Sikh pote yon kirpan. Sa te fè Danmak vin premye peyi nan mond lan ki pase yon lwa konsa. Anvan sa, Tribinal Vil la te kondane Ripudaman Singh, k ap travay kòm syantifik jodi a, paske li te vyole lwa a lè li te mache an piblik ak yon kouto. Yo te ba li yon amand 3 000 kouròn (kroner) oswa sis jou prizon. Atout Tribinal Gwo Chans lan te anile santans sa a, li te kenbe pozisyon l pou l di yon Sikh kap pote yon kirpan vyole lwa a. Jij la te deklare ke 'apre nou fin analize tout enfòmasyon sou akize a, rezon ki fè l gen yon kouto nan men l, ak lòt sikonstans yo, nou jwenn gwo sikonstans eksepsyonèl ki redui fòt la, sa ki fè nou dwe anile pini l la, dapre Atik 83 nan Kòd Penalis la, dezyèm peryòd.' Lwa peyi Danmak pèmèt moun mache ak kouto (ki pi long pase 6 santimèt epi ki pa ka fòme) nan espas piblik si se pou yon rezon valab yo rekonèt, tankou pou travay, pastan, ak lòt aktivite konsa. Men, Tribinal Gwo Chans lan pa t konsidere relijyon kòm yon rezon valab pou yon moun pote kouto. Li te deklare ke 'pou rezon sa yo, menm jan Tribinal Vil la te di l la, nou dakò ke rezon kote akize a ap pote yon kouto paske li se yon Sikh pa ka konsidere kòm yon bi valab nou rekonèt, dapre eksepsyon ki nan Atik 4 lwa sou zam nan, paragraf 1, premye peryòd, dezyèm pati.'" === peyi Zend === [[Fichye:No_weapons_but_kirpans.jpg|alt=Sign reading "No weapons are allowed inside the bank except for kripans by Sikhs." "Kirpans" is misspelled as "kripans".|vignette|Panyen nan yon bank nan Bangalore ki entèdi tout zam eksepte kirpan.]] Sikhism te soti nan soukontinan Endyen an pandan epòk Anpi Mughal la epi majorite popilasyon Sikh la ap viv nan [[End|peyi Zend]] jodi a, kote yo fòme anviwon 2% nan popilasyon li an . Atik 25 nan [[Konstitisyon End|Konstitisyon Endyen an]] konsidere pote yon kirpan pa Sikh kòm yon bagay ki enkli nan pwofesyon relijyon Sikh la epi li pa ilegal. <ref name="English Language Version of the Indian Constitution">{{Cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/Art1-242%20(1-88).doc|title=Constitution of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205135612/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/Art1-242%20(1-88).doc|archive-date=5 February 2009|access-date=24 November 2011}}</ref> Sikh yo gen dwa pote kirpan an abò vòl domestik nan peyi Zend. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2008/06/sikhs_can_carry.html|title=Sikhs Can Carry Knives on Airplanes in India – Schneier on Security|date=10 June 2008|website=schneier.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235054/https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2008/06/sikhs_can_carry.html|archive-date=19 January 2018|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref> === Itali === An 2015, yon Sikh [[Khalsa|amritdhari]] te resevwa yon amann nan vil Goito nan Lombard, nan pwovens Mantua, paske li te pote yon 18 centimetres (7.1 nan) kirpan "san yon rezon valab". An 2017, tribinal apèl ki pi wo nan peyi Itali a, Corte di Cassazione, te konfime amann lan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gazzettadimantova.gelocal.it/mantova/cronaca/2017/05/15/news/la-cassazione-i-migranti-devono-rispettare-i-nostri-valori-1.15342013|title=La Cassazione: I migranti devono rispettare i nostri valori, resta la condanna al sikh di Goito|date=15 May 2017}}</ref> Rapò medya yo te entèprete santans lan kòm yon entèdiksyon jeneralize sou kirpan an. Depite Amritsar Lok Sabha, Gurjeet Singh Aulja, te rankontre ak diplomat italyen yo epi yo te asire l ke pa gen okenn entèdiksyon jeneralize sou kirpan ki an vigè, epi ke ka a te sèlman gen yon enpòtans espesifik pou yon sèl ka epi li pat gen okenn aplikabilite jeneral. === Syèd === Lalwa syèd la entèdi "zam lari" nan plas piblik, sa gen ladan kouto sof si itilizasyon an gen yon enterè lejitim (pa egzanp, lapèch oswa travay). Li pa otorize pou pote kouto ki pi piti toujou, kidonk li pa sèten si kirpan yo nan lalwa. <ref name="dn.se">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=147&a=21666|title=Dagens Nyheter: Sikh får bära dolk i skolan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930235808/http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=147&a=21666|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> <ref name="do.se">{{Cite web|url=http://do.se/o.o.i.s/1627|title=Ombudsmannen mot etnisk diskriminering|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928082022/http://do.se/o.o.i.s/1627|archive-date=28 September 2007|access-date=18 June 2007}}</ref> === Wayòm Ini === Kòm yon atik ki gen lam, posede yon atik ki gen lam nan yon plas piblik se ilegal anba seksyon 139 nan Lwa sou Jistis Kriminèl 1988 la, men gen yon defans espesifik pou yon moun ki akize pou pwouve ke li pote l pou "rezon relijye". <ref name="S139">{{Cite web|url=http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?parentActiveTextDocId=2116646&ActiveTextDocId=2116820|title=Criminal Justice Act 1988|website=statutelaw.gov.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215073949/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/33/section/139/2007-04-06?timeline=true|archive-date=15 December 2019|access-date=2 February 2010}}</ref> Gen yon defans idantik pou ofans menm jan an (seksyon 139A) ki gen rapò ak pote atik ki gen lam sou teren lekòl la. <ref name="statutelaw.gov.uk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?parentActiveTextDocId=2116646&ActiveTextDocId=2116821|title=Section 139A Criminal Justice Act 1988|publisher=statutelaw.gov.uk}}</ref> Lis ofisyèl atik entèdi nan sit Je Olenpik Ete Lond 2012 yo te entèdi tout kalite zam, men li te pèmèt kirpan an eksplisitman. <ref name="london2012.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.london2012.com/mm/Document/Documents/General/01/25/44/06/Prohibitedandrestricteditemslists_Neutral.pdf|title=Official Reports, Studies, Publications - Downloads - Olympic.org|website=london2012.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818030601/http://www.london2012.com/mm/Document/Documents/General/01/25/44/06/Prohibitedandrestricteditemslists_Neutral.pdf|archive-date=18 August 2012}}</ref> Gen dispozisyon menm jan an ki egziste nan lalwa Ekossè a, seksyon 49 nan Lwa Krim (Konsolidasyon) (Ekoss) 1995 la fè li yon ofans pou posede yon atik ki gen lam oswa pwenti nan yon plas piblik. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Gen yon defans anba atik 49(5)(b) nan lwa a pou atik pwenti oswa ak lam ki pote pou rezon relijye. Atik 49A nan menm lwa a kreye ofans pou posede yon atik ak lam oswa ak lam nan yon lekòl, epi atik 49A(4)(c) kreye yon defans ankò lè atik la pote pou rezon relijye. Apre yo te fin asasinen Henry Nowak, yon etidyan 18 an nan Inivèsite Southampton, ak yon kirpan nan dat 3 desanm 2025, epi yo te kondane asasen Sikh li a nan dat 1ye jen 2026, te gen plis deba nan Wayòm Ini a sou si wi ou non pote kirpan an piblik ta dwe legal. Depite endepandan [ a ] James McMurdock te poze Premye Minis Keir Starmer kesyon sou pote kirpan nan Kesyon Premye Minis yo nan dat 11 jen 2026. === Ozetazini === An 1994, Nevyèm Sikwi a te deside ke elèv Sikh nan lekòl piblik yo gen dwa mete kirpan an. Tribinal eta nan [[Nou Yòk (eta)|New York]] ak [[Owayo|Ohio]] te pran desizyon an favè Sikh ki te fè fas ak sitiyasyon ra pou pouswit jidisyè anba lwa anti-zam pou mete kirpan, "akòz nati relijye kirpan an ak entansyon benin Sikh yo nan mete yo." <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhcoalition.org/documents/pdf/kirpan-factsheet-oct2014.pdf|title=Sikhism and the Sikh Kirpan Fact Sheet|date=30 January 2007|publisher=Sikh Coalition|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020449/http://www.sikhcoalition.org/documents/pdf/kirpan-factsheet-oct2014.pdf|archive-date=17 November 2015|access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref> Nan vil New York, yo te rive nan yon konpwomi ak Konsèy Edikasyon an kote yo te pèmèt mete kouto yo toutotan yo te byen mare nan djenn yo ak adezif epi yo te fè yo enposib pou rale. Sevè sekirite vwayaj ayeryen nan 21yèm syèk la te lakòz pwoblèm pou Sikh ki pote kirpan nan ayewopò ak lòt pòs kontwòl. Apati 2016, Administrasyon Sekirite Transpò (TSA) entèdi eksplisitman pote "kouto ak nepe relijye" sou yon moun oswa nan bagaj kabin epi li egzije pou yo mete yo nan bagaj anrejistre. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tsa.gov/travel/frequently-asked-questions/may-i-keep-head-coverings-and-other-religious-cultural-or|title=May I keep head coverings and other religious, cultural or ceremonial items on during screening?|date=3 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235457/https://www.tsa.gov/travel/frequently-asked-questions/may-i-keep-head-coverings-and-other-religious-cultural-or|archive-date=19 January 2018|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref> An 2008, lidè Sikh Ameriken yo te chwazi pou yo pa patisipe nan yon reyinyon entèrelijye ak [[Benwa XVI|Pap Benwa XVI]] nan Sant Kiltirèl Pap Jan Pòl II nan [[Wachintòn|Washington, DC]], paske Sèvis Sekrè Etazini an ta mande yo pou yo kite kirpan an dèyè. <ref name="APKirpan">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23499948|title=Feds say Sikhs can't meet pope due to dagger: Secret service won't allow representatives wear ceremonial dagger|date=6 March 2008|website=[[NBC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928020143/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/23499948/ns/world_news-europe/t/feds-say-sikhs-cant-meet-pope-due-weapon/|archive-date=28 September 2016|access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref> Sekretè jeneral Konsèy Sikh la te deklare: "Nou dwe respekte sentete kirpan an, sitou nan rasanbleman entèrelijye sa yo. Nou pa ka febli dwa ak libète relijyon nan non sekirite." <ref name="APKirpan" /> Yon pòtpawòl pou Sèvis Sekrè a te deklare: "Nou konprann kirpan an se yon objè relijye ki sen. Men, pa definisyon, li toujou yon zam. Nou aplike politik sekirite nou an yon fason ki konsistan e jis." <ref name="APKirpan" /> == Gade tou == * Gatka * Sant Sipahi == Nòt == {{Nòt}} [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] n3mzyaht49ajod17hhe2rx8ip462h31 0 97649 882689 2026-07-12T19:33:38Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362340581|Maoming]] » 882689 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Maoming</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh">茂名市</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Mowming</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Prefecture-level city]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="border:1;;height:157px;overflow:hidden">[[Fichye:茂名市.jpg|278x278px]]</div><div>Skyline of Maoming</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="border:1;;height:96px;overflow:hidden">[[Fichye:约为2008年夏天的茂名.jpg|145x145px]]</div><div>Maoming International Hotel</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="border:1;;height:96px;overflow:hidden">[[Fichye:茂名市摩天轮.jpg|129x129px]]</div><div>Maoming Ferris Wheel</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="border:1;;height:96px;overflow:hidden">[[Fichye:晏镜岭.jpg|145x145px]]</div><div>Yan Jingling Mountain</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="border:1;;height:96px;overflow:hidden">[[Fichye:茂名市露天矿生态公园.jpg|129x129px]]</div><div>Open-Pit Mine Ecological Park</div></div></div></div></div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Nickname:&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南方油城</span></span> (Oil City of the South)</div> |- class="mergedrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[Fichye:Guangdong_subdivisions_-_Maoming.svg|250x250px|Location of Maoming City jurisdiction in Guangdong]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Maoming City jurisdiction in Guangdong</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="7" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Maoming","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q38927"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Maoming"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q38927"} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Interactive map of Maoming</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Fichye:China_edcp_location_map.svg|classe=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Maoming is located in China]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:90.001%;left:63.422%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Fichye:Red_pog.svg|lien=|classe=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Maoming]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Maoming</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in China</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates&#x20;(Maoming municipal government): <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Maoming&params=21.6627_N_110.9255_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-44_source:Gaode <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°39′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">110°55′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.6627°N 110.9255°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">21.6627; 110.9255</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:11}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Maoming&params=21.6627_N_110.9255_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-44_source:Gaode <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°39′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">110°55′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.6627°N 110.9255°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">21.6627; 110.9255</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Country | class="infobox-data" |People's Republic of China |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Province | class="infobox-data" |Guangdong |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Municipal seat | class="infobox-data" |Maonan District |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;CPC Committee Secretary | class="infobox-data" |Liang Yimin |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Mayor | class="infobox-data" |Li Hongjun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">李红军</span></span>) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Prefecture-level city</div> | class="infobox-data" |11,424.8&nbsp;km² (4,411.1&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |2,714&nbsp;km² (1,048&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |2,714&nbsp;km² (1,048&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |29&nbsp;m (95&nbsp;ft) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span>(2020 census)</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Prefecture-level city</div> | class="infobox-data" |6,174,050 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Density | class="infobox-data" |540.408/km² (1,399.65/sq&nbsp;mi) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |2,539,148 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Urban&nbsp;density | class="infobox-data" |935.6/km² (2,423/sq&nbsp;mi) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |2,539,148 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Metro&nbsp;density | class="infobox-data" |935.6/km² (2,423/sq&nbsp;mi) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Major Nationalities<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |Han |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Prefecture-level city | class="infobox-data" |CN¥ 370 billion<br /><br />US$ 57.3 billion |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Per capita | class="infobox-data" |CN¥ 59,648<br /><br />US$ 9,246 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Time zone | class="infobox-data" |UTC+8 (China Standard) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Postal code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">525000 (Urban center)<br /><br />525100-525400 (Other areas)</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Area code | class="infobox-data" |668 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ISO 3166 code | class="infobox-data nickname" |CN-GD-09 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |License Plate Prefix | class="infobox-data" |<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">粤K</span></span> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County-level divisions | class="infobox-data" |6 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Coastline | class="infobox-data" |220&nbsp;km (140&nbsp;mi) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://www.maoming.gov.cn www.maoming.gov.cn]</span> |} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Maoming''', ke yo rele tou '''Mowming''', [ a ] (Maoming Yue: [[Alfabè Fonetik Entènasyonal|[mɐu ²² mɪŋ ²¹ <nowiki>]</nowiki>]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jyutdict.org/|title=泛粵大典|website=jyutdict.org|access-date=2025-03-16}}</ref> ) se yon vil ki nan nivo prefekti ki sitiye nan sidwès pwovens Guangdong, nan Lachin. Vil la fè fas ak lanmè Sid Lachin nan sid, Maoming gen fontyè ak Zhanjiang nan lwès, Yangjiang nan lès, ak Yunfu nan nòdès, epi li mezire 362 kilometers (225 mi) soti nan kapital pwovens lan, Guangzhou, ak 121 kilometers (75 mi) soti nan Zhanjiang . Pò Maoming lan se yon pò Klas I ki te manyen 16.8 milyon tòn kago an 2007. Lwil rafine ak pwodui akwatik yo se prensipal pwodui ekspòtasyon vil la. Destinasyon prensipal ekspòtasyon yo enkli [[Hong Kong]], [[Makawo|Macao]] ak peyi manm ASEAN yo. Dapre resansman 2020 an, Maoming te gen yon popilasyon 6,174,050 moun, 2,539,148 ladan yo ap viv nan zòn bati a (oswa metwopolitèn), ki gen ladan 2 distri iben ( ''Maonan ak Dianbai'' ) ki an gran pati konibè. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/guangdong/admin/|title=China: Guăngdōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map}}</ref> To nesans vil la se 11.04‰, epi [[Pwodui enteryè bri|PIB]] li (2012) te 195.118 milya RMB (31.81 milya dola ameriken), yon ogmantasyon 10.6% parapò ak ane anvan an. <ref name="mm_statistic_2012">{{Cite web|url=http://tjj.maoming.gov.cn/tjgb/tjgb_mm_2012.html|title=Maoming Economic and Social Development Report|publisher=Bureau of Statistics of Maoming}}</ref> Selon sous gouvènman an, PIB Maoming te klase 7yèm pami 21 vil Guangdong yo, epi li te klase 79yèm pami 656 vil Lachin yo an 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bbs.southcn.com/thread-548930-1-1.html|title=SOUTHCN, Chinese City GDP Ranking 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720140109/http://bbs.southcn.com/thread-548930-1-1.html|archive-date=20 July 2011|access-date=16 April 2010}}</ref> == Etimoloji == Vil la te rele apre {{Lien|Pan Maoming|zh|潘茂名}} yon espesyalis ak doktè Taoist nan dinasti Jin. (290 &#x2013; 371), ki te fèt nan Gaozhou . Yo te chanje non zòn lokal la pa yon dekrè enperyal an lonè Pan nan lane 598 AD pandan dinasti Sui a. == Istwa == Pandan premye devlopman sivilizasyon Chinwa a nan vale Rivyè Wei ak Jòn yo ak atravè Plèn Nò Lachin nan, zòn ki antoure Maoming lan te anba men Baiyue yo. Apre Qin yo te anvayi peyi a nan fen 3yèm syèk la{{Espas}}Anvan Jezikri, zòn nan te divize an Nanhai, Xiang, ak Guilin. {{Nowrap|'''Maoming County'''}} te etabli c. 600 anba Sui a. Nan mwa septanm 1950, Konte Maoming te afilye ak Rejyon Administratif Gaolei a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://guangdong.chinadaily.com.cn/maoming/2021-11/22/c_450596.htm|title=Maoming, city with time-honored history|website=guangdong.chinadaily.com.cn|access-date=2024-10-11}}</ref> Anba [[Dinasti Qing|Qing]] la, li te fè pati Prefekti Gaozhou . Apre Gè Sivil Chinwa a, Maoming te vin kominote prensipal nan zòn nan epi li te vin vil nan nivo konte an 1959. An 2014, vil la te sant manifestasyon popilè kont p-Xylene, yon pwodui chimik ki baze sou benzèn ke endistri lokal la t ap pwodui. <ref name="luoma" /> Depi 18yèm Kongrè Pati a ak monte sekretè jeneral Pati a, [[Xi Jinping]], Maoming te youn nan zòn ki "pi afekte" nan kanpay anti-koripsyon an. Li te wè kòm yon vil kote achte ak vann pozisyon ofisyèl te gaye toupatou. Ankèt otorite enspeksyon santral yo te fè an 2014 la te jwenn ke anviwon 159 ofisyèl lokal te pran divès fòm lajan anba tab. Ansyen Sekretè Pati Kominis Maoming lan, Zhou Zhenhong, te kondane a lanmò ak yon ranbousman dezan pou koripsyon an relasyon ak eskandal p-Xylene nan. De lòt ansyen sekretè pati, Liang Yimin ak Luo Yinguo, te revoke nan pòs yo epi yo te kondane a prizon, respektivman. == Demografi == Prefekti a gen ladan l yon gwo kantite gwoup minorite, tankou Yao, Zhuang, ak Miao, sa ki ba li divès aktivite kiltirèl ak atizay popilè. Moun ki nan sid Maoming yo pale yon dyalèk Min ke imigran Putianese yo te pote ki gen rapò ak dyalèk Leizhou a, alòske moun ki nan nò Maoming yo pale dyalèk Gaoyang nan kantonè, ansanm ak Mandarin . Anplis de sa, yon sèten pousantaj nan pèp Maoming yo pale dyalèk Hakka tou. == Administrasyon == Vil Maoming ki nan nivo prefekti a administre 5 divizyon nan nivo konte, ki gen ladan 2 distri ak 3 vil nan nivo konte . {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" ! colspan="6" |Kat jeyografik |- | colspan="6" |<div class="center" style="position: relative">{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Maoming.png|width=534|link=}} {{Image label|x=680|y=1450|scale=534/1780|text=[[Maonan District|'''Maonan''']]}} {{Image label|x=1100|y=1480|scale=534/1780|text=[[Dianbai District|'''Dianbai''']]}} {{Image label|x=800|y=990|scale=534/1780|text=[[Gaozhou|'''Gaozhou<br>{{small|(city)}}''']]}} {{Image label|x=220|y=1230|scale=534/1780|text=[[Huazhou, Guangdong|'''Huazhou<br />{{small|(city)}}''']]}} {{Image label|x=980|y=400|scale=534/1780|text=[[Xinyi, Guangdong|'''Xinyi<br />{{small|(city)}}''']]}} {{Image label end}}<div style="position:absolute; left:324px; top:436px"><nowiki><b>Dianbai</b></nowiki><div style="position:absolute; left:234px; top:289px"><nowiki><b>Gaozhou<br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><span style="font-size: 85%;">(city)</span></nowiki><nowiki></b></nowiki><div style="position:absolute; left:60px; top:361px"><nowiki><b>Huazhou<br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><span style="font-size: 85%;">(city)</span></nowiki><nowiki></b></nowiki><div style="position:absolute; left:288px; top:112px"><nowiki><b>Xinyi<br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><span style="font-size: 85%;">(city)</span></nowiki><nowiki></b></nowiki></div></div></div></div></div> |- ! Non ! Chinwa senplifye ! Hanyu Pinyin ! Popilasyon<br /><br /><br /><br /> {{Nowrap|(2010 census)}} ! Zòn<br /><br /><br /><br /> ( ^km2 ) ! Dansite<br /><br /><br /><br /> (/ ^km² ) |- | Distri Maonan |{{Lang|zh-hans|茂南区}} |Màonán Qū | 820,934 | 507 | 1,619.2 |- | Distri Dianbai |{{Lang|zh-hans|电白区}} |Diànbái Qū | 1,615,505 | 2,227 | 725.4 |- | Huazhou |{{Lang|zh|化州市}} |Huàzhōu Shì | 1,178,873 | 2,354 | 500.8 |- | Xinyi |{{Lang|zh|信宜市}} |Xìnyí Shì | 913,717 | 3,081 | 296.6 |- | Gaozhou |{{Lang|zh|高州市}} |Gāozhōu Shì | 1,288,724 | 3,276 | 393.4 |} * Distri Maogang ki disparèt la == Jewografi == Sitiye nan zòn kotyè sidwès Guangdong, Maoming gen anba jiridiksyon li Distri Maonan, Distri Maogang, Konte Dianbai. Vil la administre pi piti vil Xinyi, Gaozhou, ak Huazhou nan nivo konte. Kòt Maoming lan gen 128.1 kilomèt longè. Estasyon "Premye Ban Lachin" an gen 25 kilometers (16 mi) soti nan sant vil Maoming. == Klima == {{Weather box|width=auto|metric first=y|single line=y|collapsed=Y|location=Maoming, elevation {{convert|34|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present)|Jan high C=21.1|Feb high C=22.5|Mar high C=24.5|Apr high C=27.8|May high C=31.3|Jun high C=32.5|Jul high C=33.0|Aug high C=32.8|Sep high C=32.2|Oct high C=30.3|Nov high C=27.1|Dec high C=22.8|Jan mean C=15.8|Feb mean C=17.8|Mar mean C=20.5|Apr mean C=23.8|May mean C=27.0|Jun mean C=28.3|Jul mean C=28.6|Aug mean C=28.2|Sep mean C=27.4|Oct mean C=25.1|Nov mean C=21.7|Dec mean C=17.2|Jan low C=12.4|Feb low C=14.9|Mar low C=17.8|Apr low C=21.2|May low C=24.2|Jun low C=25.5|Jul low C=25.7|Aug low C=25.3|Sep low C=24.3|Oct low C=21.4|Nov low C=17.9|Dec low C=13.4|Jan record high C=28.9|Jan record low C=4.3|Feb record high C=31.5|Feb record low C=4.0|Mar record high C=32.5|Mar record low C=4.9|Apr record high C=34.3|Apr record low C=11.2|May record high C=38.4|May record low C=16.1|Jun record high C=37.5|Jun record low C=18.9|Jul record high C=36.9|Jul record low C=22.1|Aug record high C=37.3|Aug record low C=22.3|Sep record high C=36.8|Sep record low C=17.3|Oct record high C=34.4|Oct record low C=13.7|Nov record high C=33.5|Nov record low C=6.1|Dec record high C=29.8|Dec record low C=3.5|year high C=|year low C=|year high F=|year low F=|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=43.3|Feb precipitation mm=39.5|Mar precipitation mm=60.4|Apr precipitation mm=141.2|May precipitation mm=214.3|Jun precipitation mm=299.8|Jul precipitation mm=308|Aug precipitation mm=302.4|Sep precipitation mm=201.2|Oct precipitation mm=71.6|Nov precipitation mm=33.1|Dec precipitation mm=37.1|Jan humidity=76|Feb humidity=80|Mar humidity=83|Apr humidity=84|May humidity=84|Jun humidity=85|Jul humidity=83|Aug humidity=84|Sep humidity=81|Oct humidity=74|Nov humidity=73|Dec humidity=72|unit precipitation days=0.1 mm|Jan precipitation days=6.5|Feb precipitation days=8.0|Mar precipitation days=10.2|Apr precipitation days=11.7|May precipitation days=15.7|Jun precipitation days=17.7|Jul precipitation days=17.4|Aug precipitation days=19.1|Sep precipitation days=14.2|Oct precipitation days=6.1|Nov precipitation days=5.2|Dec precipitation days=5.2|year precipitation days=|Jan sun=116.2|Feb sun=86.8|Mar sun=73.6|Apr sun=99.3|May sun=156.5|Jun sun=160.6|Jul sun=195.2|Aug sun=183.4|Sep sun=176.6|Oct sun=197.3|Nov sun=165.2|Dec sun=143.5|year sun=|Jan percentsun=34|Feb percentsun=27|Mar percentsun=20|Apr percentsun=26|May percentsun=38|Jun percentsun=40|Jul percentsun=47|Aug percentsun=46|Sep percentsun=49|Oct percentsun=55|Nov percentsun=50|Dec percentsun=43|year percentsun=|source 1=[[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref><ref> {{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 May 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref>|source=}} == Ekonomi == Yo te rele Maoming youn nan "100 pi gwo vil devlope nan Lachin" ak "Vil Jaden Nasyonal la". Maoming se youn nan pi gwo zòn pwodiksyon petwochimik nan Sid Lachin, epi youn nan pi gwo zòn pwodiksyon fwi. Lòt gwo endistri yo enkli kilti ak pwosesis tilapia, pwodiksyon legim plante nan sezon ivè, ak lòt pwodiksyon endistriyèl enèji, materyèl, ak pwodui chimik lou. '''Gwo endikatè ekonomik yo (2012)''' <ref name="mm_statistic_2012">{{Cite web|url=http://tjj.maoming.gov.cn/tjgb/tjgb_mm_2012.html|title=Maoming Economic and Social Development Report|publisher=Bureau of Statistics of Maoming}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://tjj.maoming.gov.cn/tjgb/tjgb_mm_2012.html "Maoming Economic and Social Development Report"]. </cite></ref> '''PIB:''' 195.118 milya RMB (31.81 milyon dola ameriken), 10.6% an plis '''Konpozisyon PIB:''' * Endistri Prensipal (Agrikilti) 19.1% * Endistri Segondè (Endistri ak Konstriksyon) 37.2% * Endistri Tèsyè (Sèvis) 43,7% '''PIB pa abitan:''' RMB 33,537 (US$5467.93), 8.9% an plis '''To chomaj:''' 2.5% '''Envestisman nan byen fiks:''' 18.01 milya RMB (2,64 milya USD), 23.5% an plis '''Envestisman dirèk etranje yo te itilize:''' 31 milyon dola ameriken, yon bès 44.2% '''Total Enpòtasyon ak Ekspòtasyon:''' 673 milyon dola ameriken, 9.1% mwens '''Ekspòtasyon:''' 532 milyon dola ameriken, 7.4% an plis '''Enpòtasyon:''' 141 milyon dola ameriken, 42.5% mwens '''Lavant byen konsomatè yo:''' 60.1 milya RMB (8.8 milya dola ameriken), yon ogmantasyon de 20.3% === Pwoblèm anviwònman yo === Nan mwa mas 2014, moun nan lokalite a te òganize yon manifestasyon kont pwodiksyon paraksilèn, yon pwodui chimik yo itilize pou fè twal ak boutèy plastik nan yon izin ki dirije pa gouvènman lokal la ak Sinopec, yon konpayi leta ki se pi gwo rafineri Lachin nan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-protests-petrochemicals-idUSBREA2U0KS20140331|title=Hundreds protest chemical plant in southern China|last=Rajagopalan, Megha|date=31 March 2014|publisher=[[Reuters]]|access-date=31 March 2014}}</ref> == Transpò == === Otowout === Ou ka rive Maoming pa gran wout Maozhan an, ki konekte ak gran wout Kaiyang ak gran wout Fokai, ki mennen nan kapital pwovens lan, Guangzhou . Guangzhou se yon vwayaj 5 - 6 èdtan soti Maoming. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinatrainguide.com/guangzhou-railway-station/maoming.html|title=Guangzhou to Maoming Train Schedule and Ticket Prices}}</ref> === Chemennfè === Maoming desèvi pa chemennfè Guangzhou-Maoming lan, ki ale nan lès rive nan kapital pwovens lan, chemennfè Hechun-Maoming lan, ki ale nan lwès rive nan chemennfè Litang-Zhanjiang lan, ak chemennfè Luoyang-Zhanjiang lan, ki ale nan nò atravè lès Guangxi ak sant Hunan rive nan plèn santral Lachin nan. == Atraksyon touristik yo == vil Maoming gen anndan l gwo Zòn Vakans ki pote non Premye Plaj nan peyi Lachin (中国第一滩), Lil放鸡 (Chicken Island) nan pwovens Guangdong, ak Zòn Ekotouristik Tianmashan (天马山). Nou jwenn tou Tanp Madan Xian (冼太庙) nan zòn Gaozhou, ansanm ak Zòn Touris Kiltirèl [[Litchi]] nan Genzi. Zòn Vakans Premye Plaj nan peyi Lachin sitye nan yon distans 25 kilomèt (16 mil) ak sant vil Maoming, nan distrik Maogang. Avèk plizyè mil plaj sab fen ki pwoteje pa yon baryè pyebwa natirèl, touris yo ka pwofite fè parachit ak planch a vwal. Sit sa a se yon sant fòmasyon nasyonal tou pou volebòl plaj (beach volleyball), epi li konn resevwa gwo konpetisyon nasyonal kou entènasyonal. zile poul la se pi gwo lil nan Maoming, ki kouvri yon sipèfisi 1.9 kilomèt kare. Sit touris sa a se yon gwo sant plonje, ki gen yon dlo lanmè ki klè kou kristal epi ki pwòp anpil. Li selèb pou gwo resif koray li yo ak pou plonje anba dlo (scuba diving) pou amizman. Moun ka fè plonje ak tib respiratò (skin diving), plonje byen fon, ak plonje pou fè eksplorasyon tou. Tanp Madan Xian te bati nan lanne 1535 pou onore memwa Madan Xian, ki te yon fanm vanyan ki te dirije Tribi Baiyue a. Tanp sa a rich anpil anndan l ak objè kiltirèl ak istorik, tankou estati ansyen, eskilti, ak gwo lèt ki grave nan wòch. Maoming se yon zòn ki popilè anpil pou gwo pwodiksyon fwi litchi. Zòn Touris Kiltirèl Litchi nan Genzi twouve l nan Genzi, ki se yon ti bouk nan vil Maoming. Pami manje tradisyonèl ak espesyalite lokal ki pi popilè nan Maoming, nou jwenn Poul Baiqie ki soti Huazhou (白切鸡), Poul ak Sèl ki soti Gaozhou (盐焗鸡), Fenpi (粉皮), Nouy diri ak vyann bèf ki soti Genzi, ak Poul Huaixiang ki soti Xinyi. Sant vil Maoming se yon bèl kote ki konfòtab pou moun mache apye, sa ki pèmèt ou flannen fasil nan boutik yo. Nan lannwit, gen yon gwo pak nan sant vil la ki plen aktivite kote koup ak fanmi yo vin pwonmennen pou yo pran frechè. Moun ka rive Maoming fasil depi nan vil Guangzhou (sa ap pran anviwon katrèdtan nan tren oswa nan yon otobis premye klas). Gen de gwo stasyon tren k ap sèvi Maoming: yonn ki nan mitan vil la k ap bay koneksyon pou ale Guangzhou ak lòt zòn ki nan nò, epi yon lòt ki sitye kèk minit nan sid vil la k ap fè koneksyon pou ale nan direksyon sid ak lwès. == Moun remakab == * Jiang, Mao Shen (江茂森), ki te fèt an 1901, epi ki te mouri an 1982. Istoryen, epitou yon manm ansyen nan Pati Nasyonalis Chinwa a (KMT). * Wong Sun (黃新): li te fèt an 1926, epi li te mouri an Novanm 1999, Wong te yon aktè gason nan konpayi televizyon Hong Kong (TVB) * Chiu, Miu Ling (招妙玲), Hong Kong aktris, li gen yon tinon: gwo fanm son (大聲婆), Chiu te mouri alantou 2013. * Cheng, Siu Ping (鄭少萍): Aktris Hong Kong, Cheng te imigre Ozetazini nan ane 1990 yo. == Nòt == {{Nòt}} [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] 2vkpyomql0r2n7qr25gmq6fxq0o4wla 0 97650 882690 2026-07-12T19:45:14Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1269855995|Hankaar]] » 882690 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Five Evils}}'''Ahankar''', souvan rann kòm '''Hankaar''' oswa '''Hankār''' ( Punjabi , pwononsyasyon: {{Pwononsyasyon API|pa|ɦaunkäːaɝ|}} ) dapre pwononsyasyon li nan lang Punjabi a, se yon mo Gurmukhi ki soti nan mo Sanskrit ''Ahankāra'' (Sanskrit: अहंकार) ki tradui kòm "ego" oswa "fyète twòp" akòz byen yon moun, richès materyèl, espirityalite, bote, talan, fòs fizik, [[entèlijans]], pouvwa otorite, travay charite, pami lòt bagay. Li se youn nan [[senk vòlè]] Sikhism ki anpeche pwogresyon espirityèl yon moun. <ref name=":0" /> == Etimoloji == Tèm nan se yon mo konpoze ki sòti nan mo Sanskrit ''aham'' ('mwen') ak ''kar'' ('fè'), kidonk li vle di literalman "fè-mwen", ki refere a bagay ki kreye fòmasyon yon konsèpsyon yon "mwen" separe nan lespri yon moun. == Tèm yo == Plizyè tèm sinonim parèt nan ekriti Sikh yo pou dekri eta lespri apa de ahankar, tankou ''mān'', ''abhimān'', ''garab'', ''gumān'', ''ahaṅg'', ''ahammeu'', ''ahambudh'', ''haumai'' ak ''khudī'' . == Tradiksyon == William Owen Cole rakonte ke yon tradiksyon apwopriye pou tèm nan difisil pou tradui an Anglè. Li pi souvan tradui kòm "fyète" oswa "ego" si wi ou non sa yo sèvi kòm tradiksyon apwopriye kontinye ap deba pa chèchè nan etid Sikh yo . <ref name=":2" /> == Deskripsyon == Harbans Singh dekri mal la jan sa a:  Ahankar se vo anyen, eksaltasyon oswa eksultasyon ki soti nan yon View ekzajere nan pwòp merit yon moun. Meri a ka konpoze de entèlijans reyèl oswa sipoze, bous, fòs fizik oswa bote, ran monn nan ak byen oswa menm reyalizasyon espirityèl. — Harbans Singh, The Ancyclopedia of Sikhism, Volim I, 4yèm edisyon (2002), paj 19 Olye ke yo wè li kòm yon sous fòs endividyèl, jan yo wè fyète souvan, Sikhi wè li kòm yon gwo sous feblès pèsonèl. Sikhism egzije pou yon moun sèvi sosyete a ak kominote a avèk Nimrata oubyen imilite. [[Seva|Sewa]] jwenn sa, e pakonsekan, moun wè pratik kote disip yo netwaye soulye vizitè yon Gurdwara pou lespri Sikh ki devwe yo vin pi enb. Sikh yo souvan konsidere Mal Kadinal sa a kòm pi move nan [[Senk vòlè|senk mal]] yo. Yo santi ke ògèy mennen nan Haumai paske li fè moun kwè ke yo se bagay ki pi enpòtan nan lavi a epi li mennen nan egoyis. Gourou Sikh yo kondane moun ki gen twòp ògèy paske kò imen an pa ka dire e tout moun ap mouri yon jou. Dapre Sikhism, se sèlman Bondye ak sen espirityèl yo ki gen vèti ki merite lwanj, se pa moun ki pèdi chemen an ki lwen chemen an. <ref name=":2" /> Li enpòtan pou nou fè yon distenksyon ant yon bon nivo respè pou tèt nou ak yon sans onè ki baze sou bon jijman, dapre ahankar. Respè pou tèt nou ak yon sans onè ak entansyon pi pa ale mal ak imilite (nimrata). '''<ref name=":0" />''' Guru Nanak ofri rasirans sa a: "Si yon moun pèdi onè li, tout sa l manje pa pwòp." (Guru Granth Sahib, 142) '''<ref name=":0" />''' Ahankar se yon lènmi egalite potansyèl limanite paske li fè yon moun panse anpil de tèt li epi wè lòt moun enferyè pase yo. Lògèy fè yon moun bliye ke tout sa yo genyen se yon kado [[Waheguru]] bay, okontrè pechè a wè tèt li kòm kòz siksè li olye de Bondye. <ref name=":1" /> Lòt mal yo, ''[[kaam]]'', ''[[krodh]]'', ''lobh'', ak ''moh'', soti nan Ahankar, piske chak youn nan yo baze sou fason lavi enfliyanse oswa satisfè yon moun. <ref name=":1" /> Kidonk, ahankar se pi move nan tout senk vòlè yo paske li fè rès la vin pi mal. <ref name=":1" /> === Analiz ki fèt pa gourou Sikh yo === Guru Amar Das deklare sa ki annapre yo sou efè li sou yon moun:  ... se yon maladi mòtèl epi li se kòz sik nesans, lanmò ak re-nesans san fen an. — Guru Amar Das, Guru Granth Sahib, paj 592 Konsa, li fonksyone kòm yon ajan ki mare nanm nan nan sik nesans ak lanmò ( ''samsara'' ), ki kenbe yo lwen liberasyon espirityèl ( ''mukti'' ). Anplis, Guru Amar Das deklare tou sa ki annapre a, ki lye fòmasyon move karakteristik la ak ''lobh'' (avidite): Vyann tankou pwazon, paske li kreye awogans. Pèsonn ki plonje nan awogans pa jwenn apwobasyon. — Guru Amar Das, Guru Granth Sahib, paj 666  Nan relasyon li ak realizasyon Bondye a, li anpeche yon moun rive nan direksyon li, tankou nan pratik ''[[Naam Japo|Naam Simran]]'' an:  Egoyis se advèsè nam (absòpsyon nan non Bondye); de yo pa ka rete ansanm. — Guru Amar Das, Guru Granth Sahib, paj 560 Guru Arjan bay yon deskripsyon detaye sou efè danjere ahankar sou limanite:  O ou menm, kòz nesans ak lanmò: O ou menm, nanm peche a: Ou abandone zanmi epi ou simen lènmi: Ou gaye filè ilizyon an byen lwen. — Guru Arjan, Guru Granth Sahib, paj 1358 Guru Tegh Bahadur deklare ke menm yon moun ki rive nan yon wo nivo pwogrè espirityèl ka rann tout efò li yo initil si li kite ahankar pran yo nan pyèj: Pelerinaj, jèn ak charite si yo mennen nan guman (ògèy) gaspiye tankou beny yon elefan (ki apre li fin benyen, li sal kò l ak pousyè tè) — Guru Tegh Bahadur, Guru Granth Sahib, paj 1428  === Solisyon === Remèd pou ahankar selon Sikhi se kiltivasyon imilite ( ''nimrata'' ) ak pratik ''[[Seva|sevā]]'' volontè. Seva ak nimrata yo wè kòm korelatif youn ak lòt. <ref name=":0" /> Yon moun devlope imilite nan sèvis dezenterese lòt moun. <ref name=":0" /> Yon lòt metòd pou jere ahankar se pran konsyans de vas espas kreyasyon an ak kijan nou piti antanke moun an konparezon ak kosmos san limit la. Lèzòm viv lavi yo nan yon ti bat je nan tan nan gran plan Linivè a. <ref name=":0" /> ''Bhagat'' Kabir deklare sa ki annapre yo sou narsisism fyète a lè moun viv egzistans kout ak enpermanan kèlkeswa estati yo te panse yo te genyen sou Latè:  Menm wa ki gen plis pouvwa pase Ravana ... te peri nan yon ti klere — Kabir, Guru Granth Sahib, paj 1251 === Diferans ak ''Haumai'' === Gourou Sikh yo fè yon distenksyon ant ''Haumai'' ak Ahankar nan im yo. Haumai, yon lòt tèm Sikh ki gen yon siyifikasyon sanblab, diferan de Ahankaar paske lèt la se yon pwodwi premye a. <ref name=":1" /> Haumai se mete konfyans nan tèt ou olye ke gen lafwa nan Bondye . <ref name=":2" /> Dapre James D. Holt, diferans lan se jan sa a: "Haumai gen pou wè ak nati egzistans yon moun ak plas yo ladan l, pandan ke ahankar se eksplore pwennvi yon moun sou pwòp enpòtans yo." <ref name=":1" /> === Diferans nan konsèptualizasyon ak lòt tradisyon Endik yo === Pandan ke filozofi Samkhya ak [[Boudis]] trete li kòm yon mit [[metafizik]], Sikhism, okontrè, dekri li kòm yon move karakteristik komen, [[Senk vòlè|pami senk]], ki enèran nan èt imen. == Ekstrè nan teks la == Shabad sa yo ki soti nan [[Gurbani]] klarifye vis prensipal sa a: * Mond lan sou, li plonje nan dezi seksyèl, kòlè ak egoyis. ( [[Guru Granth Sahib]] Paj 51 liy 2070) * Renonse dezi seksyèl, kòlè, manti ak kalomnye;<br /><br /><br /><br /> Kite Maya epi elimine ògèy egoyis. ( [[Guru Granth Sahib]] Paj 141 liy 5766) * Dualite Maya a rete nan konsyans moun nan mond lan. Yo detwi pa dezi seksyèl, kòlè ak egoyis. ((1)) ( [[Guru Granth Sahib]] Paj 223 liy 9561) * Yo plenyen pou defo lòt moun, pandan ke pwòp awogans yo ap ogmante sèlman. ( [[Guru Granth Sahib]] Paj 366 liy 16693) * Nan Saadh Sangat la, Konpayi Sen an, rachte lespri ou, epi adore Senyè a, vennkat èdtan pa jou. Dezi seksyèl, kòlè ak egoyis ap disparèt, epi tout pwoblèm ap fini. ((2)) ( [[Guru Granth Sahib]] Paj 501 liy 22390) [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] 1tj2fswqnn431lh775jl1uil5riqvlp 0 97651 882691 2026-07-12T19:55:17Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362015884|Battle of Saragarhi]] » 882691 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Batay Saragarhi''' a se te yon dènye batay ki te fèt anvan Kanpay Tirah la ant Anpi Britanik Endyen an ak manm tribi Afgan yo . Nan dat 12 septanm 1897, yo te wè apeprè 12,000–24,000 manm tribi Orakzai ak Afridi toupre Gogra, nan Samana Suk, ak toutotou Saragarhi, sa ki te koupe Fò Gulistan ak Fò Lockhart. Afgan yo te atake avanpòs Saragarhi a kote plizyè milye ladan yo te anvayi fò a epi yo te antoure l, pou yo te prepare yo pou atake l. <ref name="haughton">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armycampaigns/indiancampaigns/tirahhaughton.pdf|title=Life of Lieu. Col. John Haughton|last=Yate|first=Major A.C.|date=1900|page=126|quote=When day broke on the 12th, the Orakzai-Afridi "lashkar" was seen to be in force near Gogra on the east, at the Samana Suk on the west, and round the Saragarhi post, thus severing Gulistan from Fort Lockhart. (Their total number has been variously estimated at from twelve to twenty thousand.)It was, therefore, no longer possible for Colonel Haughton to carry aid to Saragarhi or Guhstan, as he had done twice before. The enemy turned the brunt of their attack on the little post of Saragarhi.}}</ref> Anba lidèchip Havildar Ishar Singh, 21 sòlda ki te nan fò a—ki te tout Sikh —te refize rann tèt yo epi yo te elimine nan yon dènye batay. Yon lòt kontenjan Britanik Endyen te reprann pòs la de jou apre. Tout 21 sòlda ki te patisipe nan batay la te resevwa Lòd Merit Endyen an apre lanmò yo, ki te pi gwo prim pou kouraj yon sòlda Endyen te ka resevwa nan moman sa a. 4yèm batayon Rejiman Sikh Lame Endyen an komemore batay la chak ane nan dat 12 septanm kòm ''Jounen Saragarhi'' . == Istorik == [[Fichye:Photograph_with_the_caption_'Native_Sikhs_of_the_36th_Sikhs._Tirah,_1897'.jpg|vignette|Foto ak tit 'Sikh natif natal nan 36yèm Sikh yo. Tirah, 1897']] Saragarhi te yon ti vilaj nan distri fwontyè Kohat la, ki te sitiye sou Samana Range, ki te sitiye nan Pwovens Fwontyè Nòdwès peyi Zend Britanik la (kounye a [[Pakistan]] ). Nan dat 20 avril 1894, 36yèm Sikh nan Lame Endyen Britanik la te kreye sou kòmandman Kolonèl J. Cook, konpoze antyèman de Jat Sikh . Nan mwa Out 1897, senk konpayi nan 36yèm Sikh yo sou lòd Lyetnan Kolonèl John Haughton te voye nan fwontyè nòdwès peyi Zend Britanik la (kounye a Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ) epi yo te estasyone nan Samana Hills, Kurag, Sangar, Sahtop Dhar, ak Saragarhi. Britanik yo te reyisi pasyèlman pran kontwòl zòn enstab sa a, men tribi Pachtoun yo te kontinye atake pèsonèl Britanik yo detanzantan. Kidonk, yo te konsolide yon seri fò, ki te bati okòmansman pa Ranjit Singh, chèf Anpi Sikh la. De nan fò yo se te Fò Lockhart (sou Samana Range nan mòn Hindu Kush yo), ak Fò Gulistan ( Sulaiman Range ), ki sitiye a kèk kilomèt youn ak lòt. Fò Lockhart sitiye nan Yon soulèvman jeneral pa Afgan yo te kòmanse la an 1897 epi, ant 27 Out ak 11 Septanm, anpil efò solid pa Pachtoun yo pou pran fò yo te kontrekare pa 36yèm Sikh yo. An 1897, aktivite ensurjan ak ostil yo te ogmante, epi nan dat 3 ak 9 Septanm, manm tribi Afridi yo, ki te alye ak Afgan yo, te atake Fò Gulistan. Yo te repouse tou de atak yo, epi yon kolòn sekou ki soti nan Fò Lockhart, nan vwayaj retou li, te ranfòse detachman siyal ki te pozisyone nan Saragarhi, ogmante fòs li a twa [[Sou-ofisye|ofisye sou-komisyone]] (NCO) ak dizwit lòt grad (OR). == Batay la == [[Fichye:Battle_of_Saragarhi.png|vignette|Kat jeyografik sit batay la]] [[Fichye:Saragarhi_Post_Under_Siege_as_seen_from_Fort_Lockhart.jpg|vignette|Pòs Saragarhi anba syèj jan yo wè l depi Fort Lockhart, dapre yon desen Lyetnan RG Munn te fè, pibliye nan ''London Graphic'' nan dat 23 oktòb 1897.]] Yo konsidere detay sou batay Saragarhi yo kòm byen egzak paske Sepoy Gurmukh Singh te siyalize evènman yo bay Fort Lockhart pa elyograf pandan y ap pase. * Vè 9è diswa, apeprè 6,000–10,000 Afgan te rive nan pòs siyalizasyon an nan Saragarhi. * Sepoy Gurmukh Singh te fè Kolonèl Haughton, ki te sitiye nan Fort Lockhart, siyal ke yo te anba atak. * Haughton te reponn ke li pa t kapab voye èd imedyatman bay Saragarhi. * Sòlda yo nan Saragarhi te deside goumen jouk nan dènye pou anpeche lènmi an rive nan fò yo. * Sepoy Bhagwan Singh te premye sòlda ki te mouri, epi Naik Lal Singh te blese grav. * Yo rapòte ke Naik Lal Singh ak Sepoy Jiwa Singh te pote kò Bhagwan Singh tounen nan kouch enteryè poto a. * Afgan yo te kraze yon pòsyon nan miray pikèt la. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="Picket? (October 2024)">klarifikasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> * Haughton te fè konnen ke li estime te gen ant 10,000 ak 14,000 Pachtoun k ap atake Saragarhi. * Yo rapòte ke chèf fòs Pachtoun yo te fè pwomès bay sòlda yo pou eseye konvenk yo pou yo rann tèt yo. * Yo rapòte ke yo te fè de tantativ pou prese louvri baryè a, men yo pa t reyisi. * Yo te fann miray la. * Apre sa, te gen kèk nan batay kò a kò ki pi feròs yo. * Havildar Ishar Singh te bay lòd pou mesye l yo retounen nan kouch enteryè a, pandan li te rete pou kouvri retrèt yo. Apre yo te fin kraze kouch enteryè a, tout sòlda ki t ap defann yo te mouri eksepte youn, ansanm ak anpil nan Pachtoun yo. * Sepoy Gurmukh Singh, ki te kominike batay la bay Haughton antanke yon siyalis, sete dènye defansè ki te sivivan an. Dènye mesaj li a sete pou mande pèmisyon pou l pran fizi li. Lè l te resevwa pèmisyon, li te ranje elyograf la epi li te kenbe pòt depo siyal li a. Yo di li te touye 40 Afgan, epi Pachtoun yo te oblije mete dife nan poto a pou touye l. Pandan l t ap mouri, yo di Singh te repete rèl batay Sikh la " Bole So Nihal, Sat Sri Akal !" ("Yon moun ki di ke Bondye se verite a ap beni pou letènite!") === Zam === Zam twoup Endyen yo te itilize yo te soti nan yon jenerasyon ki pi ansyen konpare ak zam lejè yo te bay twoup Britanik yo. Sa te fèt espre apre Revòlt Endyen an nan lane 1857 pou anpeche plis revòlt ak soulèvman vin twòp. <ref name="vohra">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/9464-book-review-forgotten-battle-saragarhi-brought-life-amarinder-singh|title=Book Review: The forgotten battle of Saragarhi brought to life by Amarinder Singh|last=Vohra|first=Pankaj|date=20 May 2017|website=SundayGuardianLive}}</ref> Afgan yo te itilize orijinal ak kopi fizi Martini-Henry yo. Atizan zam nan Pwovens Fwontyè Nòdwès la te kopye Martini-Henry a sou yon gwo echèl . Prensipal manifaktirè yo se te Adam Khel Afridi, ki te rete nan zòn Pas Khyber la. Atizan zam nan Pas Khyber yo te premye jwenn egzanp divès zam sèvis Britanik yo pandan ekspedisyon militè Britanik diznevyèm syèk la nan Fwontyè Nòdwès la, ke yo te itilize pou fè kopi. === Sòlda yo === 21 sòlda Sikh yo te: # [[Havildar Ishar Singh]] (regimental number 165) # [[Naik]] Lal Singh (332) # [[Lance Naik]] Chanda Singh (546) # [[Sepoy]] Sundar Singh (1321) # Sepoy Ramm Singh (287) # Sepoy Uttam Singh (492) # Sepoy Sahib Singh (182) # Sepoy Hira Singh (359) # Sepoy Daya Singh (687) # Sepoy Jivan Singh (760) # Sepoy Bhola Singh (791) # Sepoy Narayan Singh (834) # Sepoy Gurmukh Singh (814) # Sepoy Jivan Singh (871) # Sepoy Gurmukh Singh (1733) # Sepoy Ram Singh (163) # Sepoy Bhagwan Singh (1257) # Sepoy Bhagwan Singh (1265) # Sepoy Buta Singh (1556) # Sepoy Jivan Singh (1651) # Sepoy Nand Singh (1221)  == Konsekans == [[Fichye:Photograph_with_the_caption_'Fort_Saragarhi_(Saragarhi)_in_Ruins,_Showing_the_Main_Entrance_and_Fort_Lockhart_in_the_Distance'.jpg|vignette|Foto ak tit 'Fò Saragarhi (Saragarhi) an kraze, ki montre antre prensipal la ak Fò Lockhart nan distans la']] Apre yo te fin detwi Saragarhi, Afgan yo te vire atansyon yo sou Fò Gulistan, men yo te pran twòp reta, epi ranfò yo te rive la nan nuit 13-14 septanm anvan yo te ka pran fò a. Pachtoun yo te admèt pita ke yo te pèdi anviwon 180 moun ak anpil lòt moun ki te blese pandan angajman kont 21 sòlda Sikh yo. Yo di yo te wè anviwon 600 kadav toutotou pòs kraze a lè gwoup sekou a te rive (sepandan, yo te repran fò a, nan dat 14 septanm, grasa gwo dife atiri, ki te ka lakòz kèk viktim). Apre Britanik yo te repran li, yo te itilize brik boule Saragarhi yo pou fè yon obelis pou konbatan sa yo. Britanik yo te bati gurdwara tou nan Amritsar ak Ferozepur pou yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/battle-of-saragarhi-explained-when-21-men-fought-thousands-7503623/|title=Explained: Why the Battle of Saragarhi continues to inspire India & world, 124 years on|date=14 September 2021}}</ref> Total viktim nan tout kanpay la, ki gen ladan batay Saragarhi a, te anviwon 4,800. == Komemorasyon == === Tablèt komemoratif === Enskripsyon yon plak komemoratif di:  Gouvènman End lan te fè mete plak sa a an memwa venteyen ofisye ak sòlda ki pa komisyone nan 36yèm Rejiman Sikh nan Enfantri Bengal la, ki gen non yo grave anba a kòm yon memwa pèpetyèl sou ewoyis sòlda galan sa yo te montre ki te mouri nan pòs yo nan defans fò Saragarhi, nan dat 12 septanm 1897, pandan y ap goumen kont yon foul moun ki te twòp pou yo, konsa yo te pwouve lwayote ak devosyon yo anvè souverèn yo, Rèn Anperatris peyi Zend lan, epi yo te kenbe avèk glwa repitasyon Sikh yo pou kouraj san fay sou chan batay la. === Lòd Merit === 21 ofisye ak sòlda Sikh ki pa t komisyone ki te mouri nan batay Saragarhi a te soti nan rejyon Majha nan Punjab epi yo te resevwa Lòd Merit Endyen an apre lanmò yo, ki te pi gwo prim pou bravoure yon sòlda Endyen te ka resevwa nan epòk sa a. Prim pou bravoure ki koresponn lan se te Lakwa Victoria a. Prim lan ekivalan a Param Vir Chakra jodi a ke Prezidan peyi Zend bay. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Memoryal ak eritaj == [[Fichye:Saragarhi_Memorial_Ferozepur.jpg|droite|vignette|280x280px|Gurdwara Memorial Saragarhi nan Firozpur, bati an 1904]] Batay la vin tounen yon ikonik pou sivilizasyon militè lès la, istwa militè Anpi Britanik la, ak istwa Sikh. Rejiman Sikh modèn nan Lame Endyen an kontinye komemore Batay Saragarhi a nan dat 12 septanm chak ane kòm Jounen Onè Batay Rejiman an. Pou komemore mesye yo, Britanik yo te bati de Saragarhi Gurdwara : youn nan Amritsar, toupre antre prensipal [[Tanp an lò a|Tanp an lò]] a, ak yon lòt nan Kantonman Firozpur, nan distri kote pifò mesye yo te soti. Powèm epik " Khalsa Bahadur " la se an memwa Sikh ki te mouri nan Saragarhi. === Nan lekòl Endyen yo === Fòs Ame Endyen yo, an patikilye Lame Endyen an, ap fè presyon pou yo anseye batay la nan lekòl Endyen yo. Yo ta renmen pou yo anseye ewoyis sòlda Endyen yo demontre a kòm yon enspirasyon pou timoun yo. An 1999, yo te pibliye plizyè atik sou sijè a nan jounal ki pi ansyen nan Punjab, ''The Tribune'', tankou: "yo anseye aksyon militè nan Saragarhi bay elèv toupatou nan mond lan e patikilyèman bay elèv an Frans." Malgre ke sanble pa gen okenn prèv pou deklarasyon sa a (pa egzanp, li pa nan kourikoulòm lekòl nasyonal Lafrans lan), nouvèl la te ase pou pwovoke deba politik, e yo anseye batay la nan lekòl nan Punjab depi ane 2000:  Desizyon pou mete istwa batay la nan kourikoulòm lekòl la te pran ane pase a pandan yon rasanbleman piblik prezide pa Premye Minis Punjab la, Mesye Parkash Singh Badal. Apre sa, Gouvènman Eta a te pibliye yon notifikasyon pou mete istwa batay la nan kourikoulòm lekòl la apati sesyon sa a. Rejiman Sikh la ak plizyè asosyasyon ansyen militè te toujou ap mande pou batay la enkli nan kourikoulòm lekòl la. Yo te fè yon demann menm jan an bay Mesye Badal pandan selebrasyon santènè batay la nan Ferozepore an 1997. Yon lèt Saragarhi Memorial ak Ethos Promotion Forum te voye bay Gouvènman Punjab la te ankouraje Gouvènman Eta a tou pou di batay la gen anpil leson enspiran pou timoun yo. Lè Palman Britanik la te tande aksyon bravoure yo, li te leve ansanm pou rann omaj bay sòlda ki te mouri yo. === Jou Saragarhi ===   Jou Saragarhi a se yon jou komemorasyon militè Sikh yo selebre chak ane nan dat 12 septanm pou komemore batay Saragarhi a. Pèsonèl militè ak sivil Sikh yo komemore batay la atravè lemond chak ane nan dat 12 septanm. Tout inite Rejiman Sikh yo selebre Jou Saragarhi chak ane kòm Jounen Onè Batay Rejiman an. ==== Jounen Saragarhi nan Wayòm Ini a ==== Premye diskou piblik ki anrejistre sou Saragarhi te fèt pa Viscount Slim an 2001 lè li te bay konferans anyèl ''Portraits of Courage'' nan Imperial War Museum . Maharaja Duleep Singh Centenary Trust te òganize ekspozisyon an. Nan mwa me 2002, [[Charles III (wa Wayòm Ini)|Prince Charles]] (ki te vin wa Charles III nan lavni) te inogire ekspozisyon ''Jawans to Generals'' ki te gen yon seksyon sou Saragarhi. Ekspozisyon an te fè yon toune avèk siksè nan tout Wayòm Ini a epi plis pase 100,000 vizitè te vizite li. Saragarhi te retounen nan Wayòm Ini a grasa ekriven ak sineyas Jay Singh Sohal ansanm ak Lame Britanik la avèk lansman liv ''Saragarhi: The Forgotten Battle'' an 2013 nan Old College, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst . Depi lè sa a, Fòs Ame Britanik yo komemore li chak ane nan jou onè batay li. An 2014, komemorasyon an te fèt tou nan Sandhurst nan Indian Army Memorial Room. An 2015, li te fèt nan Honourable Artillery Company Museum nan Lond, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/new/armed-forces-commemorate-the-battle-of-saragarhi|title=Armed Forces commemorate the Battle of Saragarhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020012322/https://www.gov.uk/government/new/armed-forces-commemorate-the-battle-of-saragarhi|archive-date=20 October 2022|access-date=9 November 2017}}</ref> kote li te dwe fèt tou an 2016. Plizyè minis ansyen ak jeneral fòs ame yo te rann omaj a sèvis Sikh la lè yo te mansyone istwa Saragarhi. Nan mwa avril 2016, Sekretè Defans Michael Fallon, depite a, te mansyone Vaisakhi kòm yon evènman espesyal nan Ministè Defans lan . Nan mwa jen 2016, Chèf Eta Major Jeneral la, Sir Nick Carter, te fè menm bagay la nan yon dine espesyal Asosyasyon Sikh Britanik la. Nan mwa novanm 2020, Konsèy Minisipal Wolverhampton an te apwouve plan pou konstriksyon yon 10&nbsp;Yon estati an bwonz ki mezire 40 pye wotè pou komemore batay la deyò Guru Nanak Gurdwara nan Wednesfield . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wolverhampton.gov.uk/news/memorial-sikh-soldiers-be-created-wednesfield|title=Memorial to Sikh soldiers to be created in Wednesfield {{!}} City of Wolverhampton Council|date=19 November 2020|website=www.wolverhampton.gov.uk|language=en|access-date=13 December 2020}}</ref> Estati Havildar Ishar Singh la, ki te peye grasa donasyon kominote Sikh lokal la ki te totalize £100,000, te devwale nan dat 12 septanm 2021. == Nan kilti popilè == Nan mwa septanm 2017, yo te pase ''Saragarhi: The True Story'', yon dokimantè jounalis ak sineyas Jay Singh-Sohal ki baze nan Wayòm Ini a, nan National Memorial Arboretum nan Staffordshire pou make 120yèm anivèsè batay fwontyè a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/saragarhi-saga-captured-on-film-465601|title=Saragarhi saga captured on film|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> Yon seri televizyon, ''21 Sarfarosh - Saragarhi 1897,'' te pase sou Discovery Jeet soti 12 fevriye 2018 rive 11 me 2018, avèk Mohit Raina, Mukul Dev, ak Balraj Singh Khehra kòm aktè prensipal yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/after-roadies-city-lad-to-appear-in-tv-show-on-battle-of-saragarhi-462417|title=After Roadies, city lad to appear in a TV show on Battle of Saragarhi|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodmdb.com/television/here-re-some-exclusive-pictures-from-the-sets-of-contiloe-pictures-battle-of-saragarhi|title=Here're some exclusive pictures from the sets of Contiloe Pictures' 'Battle Of Saragarhi'!|date=18 September 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/now-the-battle-of-saragarhi-on-tv/articleshow/62028846.cms|title=Now, the Battle of Saragarhi on TV|publisher=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref> ''Kesari'' se yon fim lagè Endyen an lang Hindi ki te soti an 2019 e ki baze sou batay la. Reyalize pa Anurag Singh e avèk Akshay Kumar kòm aktè prensipal yo, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/article/akshay-kumar-karan-johar-proudly-present-new-film-kesari-based-on-battle-of-saragarhi/104992|title=Akshay Kumar, Karan Johar 'proudly present' new film Kesari, based on Battle of Saragarhi|date=11 October 2017|publisher=Times Now}}</ref> li te fè plis pase ₹ 100 crore atravè lemond nan premye wikenn li pandan festival Holi a. == Gade tou == * Batay Tèmopil yo * Batay Purandar la * Batay Pavan Khind * Kanpay Tirah la * Batay Rezang La * Lis dènye kanpe yo {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] 5o92s3c78ogy6ebj4uyp40on9zwjnqm 0 97652 882692 2026-07-12T20:05:57Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360466432|Hari Singh Bhangi]] » 882692 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Hari Singh Bhangi''' (ki mouri an 1765) te yon chèf lagè Sikh nan 18yèm syèk la epi chèf Bhangi Misl . Pandan fòmasyon Dal Khalsa (lame Sikh) la, yo te rekonèt li kòm chèf Tarna Dal, epi yo te fè l chèf Bhangi Misl apre lanmò Bhuma Singh Bhangi, pitit gason adoptif li, an 1746. Hari Singh te fè Bhangi Misl la tounen pi puisan nan tout Misl yo. Yo dekri li kòm yon gèrye brav, san pè ak yon gran gèrye. <ref name=":4" /> Anba Hari Singh, Bhangi Misl la te elaji nan Jammu, [[Lawo|Lahore]], Chiniot, Buria, Jagadhari, Firozpur, Kushab, Majha, Malwa, Sandal Bar ak Jhang . <ref name=":4" /> == Biyografi == Hari Singh te fèt nan vilaj Panjwar, ki twouve l nan distrik Tarn Taran ak nan zòn (tehsil) Jhabal. Chèf klan Bhangi Misl la, Bhuma Singh Bhangi, te adopte li kòm pwòp pitit gason li. Apre sa, Hari Singh te resevwa Amrit nan men li, sa ki te make antre ofisyèl li nan kòt Khalsa a. Lè yo fin kreye lame Dal Khalsa a nan lanne 1748, yo te nonmen Hari Singh kòm chèf Tarna Dal ak lidè klan Bhangi Misl la. Touswit apre li te fin pran tèt Bhangi Misl la, li te aji vit pou l ogmante fòs ak enfliyans klan an pou l te fè l rive jiska 20 000 sòlda, epi li te dirije anpil lòt chèf (Misldars) ki te sou zòd li Hari Singh te etabli katye jeneral li nan vilaj Gilwali nan distri Amritsar epi pita nan Amritsar, kote li te bati yon fò yo rele Qila Bhangian epi li te pran zòn ki antoure yo. Apre sa, Hari Singh te pran Karial ak Mirowal. Li te mete tèt ansanm ak lòt Sikh Misls nan atak sou Lahore an 1758 ak 1760. An 1757, Ahmed Shah Abdali te fè yon atak nan Punjab ak Delhi . Hari Singh te mete tèt ansanm ak lòt Sikh Misls pou kontrekare Abdali. Nan dat 8 mas 1758, fòs konjwen an te sènen yon fòs Afgan ki te gen 15,000 sòlda nan Sirhind . Nan dat 21 mas, fòs Sikh la te kaptire Sirhind. Nan dat 10 avril, yo te pran Lahore epi yo te touye yon fòs 2,000 Afgan. Apre sa, yo te fòse prizonye yo rebati [[Tanp an lò a|Tanp an lò]] a, ke yo te pwofane. An 1760, Hari Singh te rantre nan yon fòs Sikh Misls ki te pran [[Lawo|Lahore]] nan Diwali an 1760 epi ki te piye zòn ki antoure a. Yo te kite Lahore apre yo te fin resevwa yon taks 30,000 roupi nan men Gouvènè a. An 1761, Hari Singh te mete tèt ansanm ak Sikh Misls yo nan batay Gujranwala a, kote Sikh yo, ki te gen 10,000 sòlda, te bat fòs Afgan an ki te gen 12,000 sòlda. Apre sa, Hari Singh ak lòt Sikh Misls yo, ki te dirije pa Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, te sènen Lahore epi yo te konkeri vil la nan dat 27 oktòb 1761. La, yo te frape pwòp pyès monnen yo epi yo te piye vil la. An 1762, Hari Singh te konkeri Kot Khwaja Saeed, toupre [[Lawo|Lahore]], li te pran minisyon ak twa kanon gouvènè Afgan an. Apre sa, li te pran zòn ki antoure Bahawalpur la, li te piye l, epi li te konkeri Jammu ak yon fòs 12,000 sòlda. <ref name=":5" /> Hari Singh te mache tou sou Indus la epi li te konkeri zòn Majha, Malwa, ak Sandal Bar yo, ansanm ak yon pati nan Multan . <ref name=":4" /> An 1763, Hari Singh te piye Kasur, ansanm ak Jassa Singh Ramgarhia ak Jai Singh Kanhaiya . An 1764, li te avanse nan direksyon Multan. Premyèman, li te piye Bahawalpur epi li te ravaje Multan. Apre sa, li te travèse rivyè Indus la epi li te resevwa lajan taks nan men chèf Baluchi yo nan distri Muzaffargarh, Dera Ghazi Khan, ak Dera Ismail Khan . Lè li te retounen Gilwali, li te piye Jhang, Sialkot, ak Chiniot epi li te fè chèf Jammu a, Ranjit Dev Jamwal, tounen lajan taks li. : 205  == Lanmò ak siksesyon == Li te mouri an 1765 nan batay kont Ala Singh . Dapre Kushwaqt, Rae Hari Singh te mouri anba pwazon epi pitit gason l lan, Jhanda Singh Bhangi, te pran plas li. == Batay yo == # Batay Kalanaur (1755) # Batay Sirhind (1755) # Batay Mahilpur (1757) # Batay Jalandhar (1757) # Syèj Sirhind (1758) # Batay Lahore (1758) # Batay Lahore (1760) # Batay Gujranwala (1761) # Okipasyon Sikh nan Lahore (1761) # Batay Harnaulgarh (1762) # Batay Kup (1762) # Batay Khwaja Saeed Ka Kot (1762) # Batay Jammu (1762) # Batay Kasur (1763) # Batay Sialkot (1763) # Batay Morinda (1764) # Batay Sirhind (1764) # Batay Lahore (1764) # Batay Bahawalpur (1764) # Batay Multan (1764) # Batay Chenab (1764) # [[Battle of Sutlej (1765)|Batay Sutlej (1765)]] # Batay sou Beas la (1765) # Batay Lahore (1765) # Batay Lang (1765) == Gade tou == * Konfederasyon Sikh la * Misl * Bhangi Misl {{Referans}} 4jguq2lzw7hjco2vn3iymi50y4e29l8 0 97653 882694 2026-07-12T20:38:59Z 1104s72 38991 Créé en traduisant la section d'ouverture de la page « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360711767|Nakai Misl]] » 882694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bwat Peyi}}'''Nakai Misl''' la ( {{langx|pa|ਨਕਈ ਮਿਸਲ}} <small>( Gurmukhi )</small>, {{nq|نکئی مثل}} <small>( Shahmukhi )</small> ), fonde pa Sandhu Jats, <ref name="SH11">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/m-nakai.html|title=Nakai misl history|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815232212/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/m-nakai.html|archive-date=15 August 2018|access-date=24 April 2016}}</ref> sete youn nan 12 Sikh Misl yo (gwoupman ak milis geriya distenk yo) ki pita ta vin fè pati Anpi Sikh la. Li te kenbe teritwa ant rive Ravi jiska Sutlej nan sidwès [[Lawo|Lahore]] nan sa ki te vin tounen [[Pakistan]] . Misl la te goumen kont Sial yo, Pathan yo ak Kharal yo anvann Ranjit Singh te ajoutel nan Anpi Sikh Sukerchakia Misl la. <ref>{{Référence Harvard sans parenthèses|Bakshi|Pathak|2007|page=3}}</ref> misl la te fè pa jatt yo. 0twl95f9mo1fkp6tjof770qyk1x7yw9 0 97654 882695 2026-07-12T21:30:49Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330552572|The 52 Hukams of Guru Gobind Singh]] » 882695 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:52_Hukams_Inscribed_at_Gurudwara_Paonta_Sahib.jpg|droite|vignette|52 Hukams Enskri nan Gurudwara Hazur Sahib, Nanded .]]   Senkant-de [[Hukam]] yo se yon seri enstriksyon nan Sikhism ke [[Guru Gobind Singh]] te tabli nan Nanded, Maharashtra, peyi [[End|Zend]] an 1708.[1][2] Dekrè sa yo rezime fason ideyal Khalsa yo te dwe viv la epi yo sèvi kòm yon kòd konduit pou Khalsa Panth la. Manm [[Khalsa]] yo (Sikh batize yo ke yo rekonèt kòm "Amritdharis") gen pou objektif pou yo swiv tout 52 dekrè yo. == Lis kòmandman yo == Men yon lis 52 kòmandman yo nan lang Punjabi romanize ak yon tradiksyon fidèl an anglè: * 1. [[Dharam]] dee kirat karnee - Fè yon k ap viv jis. 2. [[Dasvand]] denaa - Bay yon dizyèm pati nan salè ou. 3. Gurbani kantth karnee - sonje [[Gurbani]]. 4. Amrit Velā utthnaa - Leve pandan Amrit vela (bonè maten). 5. Piaar naal Sikhaa di Seva karni - Devoteman sèvi [[Sikh]] la ki sèvi lòt moun. 6. Gursikhaa paaso [[Gurbani]] dae arth samajhane – Aprann siyifikasyon Gurbani nan men [[Gursikhs]]. 7. Panj Kakaar dee rehit drirh rukhnee - Swiv disiplin [[Senk K|Senk K yo]] entèdi. Respekte avèk determinasyon senk atik lafwa yo. 8. Shabad da abhiaas karnaa - Pratike ak repete shabads yo. 9. Sat Saroop Satgur daa dhian dharnaa - Konsidere ak asimile bèl verite Vrè Enlightener la. 10. [[Guru Granth Sahib]] Jee noo Guru mananaa - Kwè nan epi aksepte Guru Granth Sahib kòm Gid pou lumières. 11. Kaarjaan dae arambh vich ardaas karnee – Lè w ap antreprann nenpòt travay, premye fè lapriyè Ardās la. 12. Jaman, maran, ja viah mokae jup da paatth kar tihaaval (Karaah Parsaad) kar anand sahib dia punj paurian, ardaas, pratham panj pyaariaan atae hazooree granthee noo vartaa kae oprunth sangat noo vartaaouna – Pou lekti nesans, pa nom oswa devosyon, pou seremoni nesans oswa devosyon; resite [[Japji Sahib]] pandan y ap fè [[Karah Parashad]], fè senk vèsè Anand Sahib, ak ardas; epi apre distribye Karah Prashad bay [[Panj Pyare]], ale nan Granthi, epi answit bay kongregasyon ki te rasanble pou adore. 13. Jad tak Karaah Parshaad vartadaa rahae sadh sangat addol batthee rahae – Jiskaske Karah Parshad pa fin sèvi tout moun, kongregasyon an dwe rete anlè epi rete chita. 14. Anand viah binaa grahist nahee karnaa - San seremoni maryaj [[Anand Karaj]], relasyon chanal pa ta dwe fèt. 15. Par istree, ma bhain, dhee bhain, kar jaananee. Par istree da sang nahee karnaa - Anplis madanm marye ou, konsidere tout fanm kòm manman ou, sè ak pitit fi ou. Pa apresye nan relasyon marital chanèl ak yo. 16. Istree da mooh nahee phitkaarnaa - Pa sibi fanm bay madichon, oswa abi vèbal. 17. Jagat jootth tambaakoo bikhiaa da tiaag karnaa – Jete fason monn nan, manti, ak [[tabak]] pwazon. 18. Rehitvaan atae naam jupan vaalae gursikhaa dee sangat karnee – Fè konpayon Gursikhs ki swiv Kòd Konduit la epi resite Non diven an. 19. Kum karan vich daridar nahee karnaa – Travay di epi pa fè parese. 20. Gurbani di kathaa ate kirtan roaz sunanaa te karnaa - Koute epi fè diskou relijye / prèch ak chante kantik Gurbani yo chak jou. 21. Kisae dee ninda, chugalee, atae eirkhaa nahee karnee - Pa fè tripotay ni kalomnye, oswa fè mechanste ak nenpòt moun. 22. Dhan, javaanee, tae kul jaat da abhiman naee karnaa (Nanak daadak tahe duae goath. Saak guroo Sikhan chante hoath) - Pa fyè de richès, jèn, fanmi oswa liyaj. (Kèlkeswa fanmi oswa eritaj matènèl ak patènèl, tout Sikh Guru yo se frè ak sè nan yon sèl fanmi.) 23. Mat uchee tae suchee rakhnee - Kenbe yon estanda pite segondè nan disiplin relijye. 24. Shubh karman tao kadae naa ttarnaa - Pa evite fè zak vètye. 25. Budh bal da daataa Vaheguroo noo jaananaa – Apresye entèlijans ak pouvwa kòm kado nan tout-konnen Wondrous Enlightener la. 26. Sugandh (kasam/saunh) dae kar itbaar janaaoun vaalae tae yakeen nahee karnaa – Pa gen lafwa nan sèman yon moun k ap eseye konvenk yon lòt de senserite. 27. Sutantar Vicharna - Dirijan poukont li. 28. Raajniti vi parhnee – Li sou politik. 29. Dushman naal saam, daam, bhed, aadik upaao vartnae ate uprant yudh karnaa dharam hai - Lè w ap fè fas ak lènmi, pratike diplomasi (atravè konsilyasyon, ekonomi, oswa lakòz divizyon gwoup opoze a), epi itilize tout teknik sa yo anvan ou jistifye batay ak advèsè a. 30. Shastar vidya te ghorh-savaari da abhiaas karnaa - Pratike ak fè egzèsis zam ak kavalye. 31. Doosrae dharmaaa dae pustakaa, vidyaa parhnee. Par bhrosaa drirh Gurbanee, [[Akaal Purakh]] ute hi rakhna – Li liv yo ak syans/konesans lòt relijyon yo. Men, kenbe konfyans ou nan Gurbani ak Akal Purakh [Èt Etènèl la] rezolisyon, fèm, ak sere. 32. Guroopdaesaa noo dhaaran karnaa – Swiv ansèyman Guru a. 33. Raheraas da paath kar kharae ho kae ardaas karnee – Apre resite Rehras [lapriyè aswè], leve kanpe epi fè Ardās. 34. Saun valae sohilaa atae ‘paun guru pani pita…’ salok parhnaa – Resite lapriyè byen ta nan aswè Sohila [3 kantik] ak vèsè "Pavan guru pani pita..." anvan ou dòmi. 35. Kes nange nahi rakhne – Pa kite cheve ou dekouvri. 36. Singhaa da adhaa naam nahee bulaunaa – Adrese yon Singh [oswa Kaur] pa tout non yo ki gen ladan Singh [oswa Kaur], pa diminye li a mwatye oswa rele yo ti non. 37. Sharaab nahi peeni-piauni –  [Referans itilize] Pa bwè oswa sèvi bwason ki gen alkòl.[klarifikasyon nesesè] 38. Sir munae noo kanaiaa nahee daenee. Uos ghar daeve jithae Akal Purukh dee sikhee ha, jo karza-ai naa hovae, kòme * subhaa da hovae, bibaekee atae gyanvaan hovae – Pa bay men yon pitit fi pou marye ak yon moun ki raze. Bay li nan yon kay kote pèsonifikasyon diven etènèl Akal Purakh la ak prensip Sikhism yo respekte, nan yon kay san dèt, ki gen yon nati agreyab, ki disipline ak edike. 39. Subh kaaraj Gurbanee anusaar karnae – Kenbe tout zafè biznis yo an akò ak ekriti yo. 40. Chugalee kar kisae da kam nahee vigaarnaa – Pa denigre pèsonn nan fè tripotay sou biznis yo. 41. Kaurha bachan nahee kahinaa – Pa di mo anmè. 42. Darshan yaatraa gurdwaaraa dee hee karnee – Fè pelerinaj sèlman pou wè Gurdwara yo. 43. Bachan karkae paalnaa – Kenbe tout pwomès yo te fè. 44. Pardaesee, lorvaan, dukhee, apung manukh dee yataahshkat seva karnee – Fè otan ke posib pou sèvi epi ede etranje yo, moun ki nan lapenn, nan bezwen, andikap oswa pwoblèm. 45. Dhee Putaree da dhan bikh Kar jananaa – Konprann ke pran lajan yon pitit fi se pwazon [pa fè avaris]. 46. Dikhaavae da Sikh nahee banana – Pa aji tankou yon Sikh deyò sèlman pou fè aparans. 47. Sikhi kesaa-suaasa sang nibhaaounee – Avèk chak souf, viv tankou yon Sikh ki pa koupe cheve. Konnen sa egal ak Guru a epi ba li pi gwo respè. 48. Chori, yaari, tthugi, dhokaa, dagaa nahee karnaa – Evite vòl, adiltè, tricherie, desepsyon, fwod ak piyay. 49. Sikh da itbaar karnaa - Gen konfyans nan yon Sikh. 50. Jhutthi gavaahee nahee daenee – Pa fè fo temwayaj. 51. Dhroh nahee karnaa - Pa patisipe nan trayizon. 52. [[Langar (Sikhi)|Langar]] Parshaad ik ras vartaaunaa – Sèvi langar [kizin kominotè gratis nan yon gurdwara] ak prashad ak enpasyalite. == Gade tou == * Sikh Rehat Maryada jm0h6tzis2mcyg4g77oy5lal43nh5o1 0 97655 882696 2026-07-12T21:47:14Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348340124|1796 Haridwar Kumbh clash]] » 882696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konflit Haridwar Kumbh 1796''' la te yon konfli ant Sikh yo ( Udasis, [[Khalsa]], ak Nirmalas) ak Shaivite yo sou lojistik ak dwa pou fè kan. Konfli a te fèt nan Kumbh Mela 1796 la ki te fèt nan Haridwar e li te lakòz anviwon 500 moun mouri. Anviwon 2.5 milyon moun te patisipe nan Haridwar Kumbh Mela 1796 la. Shaivite Gosain yo te kontwole taks pelerinaj, polisaj, ak sistèm jidisyè Haridwar Kumbh la. Maratha yo ak Britanik yo te bay Naga Sadhus yo dwa majistra pou kolekte taks sou pelerinaj Endou ki t ap ale nan kumbh la. Dispit la te leve lè Shaivite yo te atake Udasis yo paske yo te bati yon kan san pèmisyon yo, avèk Khalsa Sikh yo, ki te akonpaye Udasis yo, ki te atake Shaivite yo nan atak revanj, sa ki te lakòz pèt sou tou de bò yo. Konfli a te lakòz yon viktwa Sikh epi li te mete fen nan dominasyon Gosain yo sou Haridwar Kumbh Mela a. <ref name=":1" /> Kapitèn Thomas Hardwicke te moun an ki anrejistre konfli sa a. == Istwa a == [[Fichye:The_ghats_at_Haridwar_-_British_Library,_Add.Or.4783.jpg|vignette|Haridwar kote konfli a te fèt la, 1814–1815.]] Selon Kapitèn Francis Raper, li di ke yon konfwontasyon pi bonè nan Kumbh la nan lane 1760 ant Vaishnavit yo ak Shaivit yo te lakòz anpil lanmò.[1] Premye temwayaj Britanik ki te fè sou Haridwar Kumbh Mela a se te youn nan lane 1796 la, li te parèt nan yon atik Kapitèn Thomas Hardwicke te ekri nan Asiatick Researches. Nan moman sa a, Haridwar te fè pati teritwa Maratha a. Baze sou yon rejis taks yo te kolekte nan men pelegren yo, Hardwicke te panse gwosè mela a a 2-2.5 milyon moun. Selon de Hardwicke, Gosain Shaivite yo te pi dominan yo, "an pwen de kantite ak pouvwa". Dezyèm sèk ki te gen plis pouvwa a se te Vaishnavite Bairagis yo. Gosain yo te pote nepe, plak pwotèj epi yo te jere tout Mela a. [[Mahant]] yo te òganize konsèy chak jou pou tande epi deside sou tout plent yo. Gosain yo te kolekte taks yo, epi yo pat voye oken lajan bay trezò Maratha a. [[Fichye:Watercolor_of_young_sikh_horsemen_-_sita_ram_0_1814-1815.jpg|vignette|Akwarel jèn kavalye Sikh, pa Sita Ram, 1814–1815.]] Nan Haridwar Kumbh 1796 la, kontenjan Sikh ki te nan mela a te gen ladan l yon gwo kantite asèt Udasi, ki te akonpaye pa anviwon 12,000-14,000 kavalye [[Khalsa]] . Kavalye a te dirije pa Sahib Singh nan Patiala, Rai Singh Bhangi, ak Sher Singh Bhangi. Sòlda Sikh yo te kanpe nan Jwalapur, pandan Udasi yo te chwazi yon kote toupre sit festival la pou kan yo. Chèf Udasi a te kanpe drapo yo sou kote yo te chwazi a, san yo pa pran pèmisyon nan men Gosain mahant la. Nirmala yo ak Udasi yo te fè kan, yo te plante drapo yo, epi yo te kòmanse yon ''chemen akhand'' [[Guru Granth Sahib]] la twa jou anvan kumbh la te kòmanse ofisyèlman. Yo te refize tou peye taks pelerinaj abityèl la ki se uit anna pou yon roupi pou chak pelerinaj bay naga yo, paske yo te deklare ke se sèlman pelerinaj Endou ki te oblije peye li men yo te Sikh e konsa yo pa t oblije peye. Sa te pwovoke kritik Gosain yo, ki te atake Udasi yo ak Nirmala yo, yo te sispann resite Guru Granth Sahib la epi swa yo te boule drapo yo. Yo te piye kan Udasi a tou. Nouvèl ensidan sa a te rive jwenn Khalsa Sikh yo lè chèf Udasi a te pote plent bay Sahib Singh nan Patiala, <ref name="Thomas_1801" /> <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":0" /> avèk Khalsa Sikh yo ki te boule rès Udasi yo ki te masakre yo, yo te enstale yon nouvo drapo, epi yo te fini chemen akhand Guru Granth Sahib la. <ref name=":2" /> Twa chèf Sikh yo te fè yon reyinyon, epi yo te voye yon ''vakeel'' (ajan) bay Gosain mahants yo, pou mande yo revanj pou materyèl yo te piye a, plis aksè lib nan rivyè a. Chèf Mahant la te dakò ak demand Sikh yo, epi pa t gen okenn konfwontasyon ant de gwoup yo pandan kèk jou apre yo. <ref name="Thomas_1801" /> <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":0" /> Sikh Khalsa yo te vle fè yon atak pou pran revanj sou Gosain yo. Chèf Sikh ki te patisipe nan atak la se te Rai Singh nan Buria, Maharaja Sahib Singh nan Patiala, Karam Singh nan Shahbad, Dasaundha Singh nan Sadhora, Baghel Singh nan Maloud, Jodh Singh nan Kalsia, ak Rup Singh nan Ropar. Yo te kòmanse atak revanj la a 8 è nan maten, 10 avril 1796, nan dènye jou Kumbh la. Yo te atake Gosain yo ansanm ak lòt pèlren ki pa t Udasi, apre gwo foul pèlren yo te fin kite epi pandan naga sadhu yo te okipe ap konte lajan yo te touche. Anvan sa, yo te deplase fanm ak timoun ki te nan kan yo nan yon vilaj toupre Haridwar. Sikh yo te touye anviwon 500 Gosain, ladan yo te gen Maunpuri, youn nan mahant yo. Anpil lòt te neye pandan yo t ap travèse rivyè a pou eseye chape anba masak la. Kapitèn Britanik Murray, ki te gen batayon li estasyone bò youn nan ghat yo, te voye de konpayi sòlda sepoy pou anpeche kavalye Sikh yo avanse. Sikh yo te kite zòn nan anviwon 3 è nan aprèmidi. Yo te pèdi anviwon 20 moun pandan batay la. Nan denmen maten, pèlren yo te fè lapriyè pou Anglè yo, paske yo te kwè se Anglè yo ki te ede gaye Sikh yo. Ann fini, Sikh yo Genyen batay la. == Eritaj == Konfli a te mete fen nan dominasyon Hardiwar Kumbh la pa Gosain yo. Konfli a te lakòz yo te aksepte Udasi yo ak Nirmala yo nan Kumbh ki te vin apre yo epi yo pa t oblije peye taks. Sepandan, yon konfli ak deba filozofik ant Nirmala yo ak Sannyasi-Bairagi yo te swiv nan Kumbh 1807 la nan Haridwar. Deba ki te swiv la te lakòz Sannyasi yo ak Bairagi yo dakò ke Nirmala yo te kapab antre nan nenpòt tanp malgre kas oswa kwayans yo. Pandan Haridwar Kumbh Mela 1819 la, kèk Bairagi te pwoteste epi atake Udasi yo paske yo te gen yon pwosesyon ki te itilize [[Guru Granth Sahib]] la, kidonk lidè Udasi a, [[Pritam Das (Udasi)|Pritam Das,]] te pote plent bay chèf Sikh yo, ki te reprimande Bairagi yo. == Referans == <references /> [[Kategori:Sikh]] [[Kategori:Konfli nan zend]] [[Kategori:1796]] gjslz9994uk7ziqp9k9l425yrka8xv3 0 97656 882697 2026-07-12T21:51:09Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351177128|Germain Doucet]] » 882697 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Doucetgermain.jpg|vignette|Pòtre Germain Doucet pa E. Sénécal (1980)]] '''Germain Doucet,''' ke yo rele tou '''Sieur de La Verdure,''' te fèt anviwon 1595. Yo kwè orijin Doucet yo komanse nan Coupru, [[Frans]] . Li te sèvi kòm yon kòmandan militè franse nan koloni Acadie a . Karyè Doucet nan [[Amerik dinò|Amerik di Nò]] te kòmanse lè li te kòmanse yon asosyasyon avèk Charles de Menou d'Aulnay, ki pita te vin kapitèn ak gouvènè Acadie. Doucet te rive La Hève an 1632, ansanm ak d'Aulnay ak Isaac de Razilly . Soti nan 1635 rive 1645, li te sèvi la kòm kapitèn nan Fò Pentagouët (kounye a [[Castine, Maine]] ), ak ran majò. Apre lanmò d'Aulnay an 1650, Doucet te pran wòl kòmandan k ap sèvi nan fò franse Port-Royal (kounye a Annapolis Royal ). Sepandan, pandan Anglè yo te pran Port-Royal nan dat 15 out 1654, anba direksyon Majò Jeneral [[Masachosèt|Massachusetts]] Robert Sedgwick . Anba kapitilasyon an, Doucet te oblije kite Acadie nèt epi retounen an Frans. Yo kwè li te mouri nan menm ane a. == Fanmi == Doucet te gen omwen twa timoun: [[Pierre Doucet]] (ki te fèt an Frans vè 1621), [[Marguerite-Louise-Judith Doucet]] (ki te fèt an Frans vè 1625) ak Jeanne (nasyon [[Kagijonais Mi'qmak]] ), ki te marye ak [[Pierre LeJeune dit Briard|Pierre Le Jeune de Briard]] . Yo kwè Doucet te ka gen yon katriyèm pitit ki te fèt anviwon ane 1641, e yo te rele l Germain tou. Men, gen kèk moun ki panse li pa t vrè pitit byolojik Doucet, ki te fèt anviwon 1595. Twa lòt pitit Doucet yo, Pierre, Germain II, ak pitit fi li Marguerite, te kontinye viv nan Acadie. Vè 1640, Pierre te marye ak [[Henriette Pelletret]] . Germain II te marye ak [[Marie Landry]], epi Marguerite te marye ak [[Abraham Dugas]] . Non madanm Doucet la pa sèten. Gen kèk jenealojis ki sijere ke li te Marie Bourgeois paske zak kapitulasyon Port-Royal an 1654 presize ke [[Jacques (Jacob) Bourgeois]] te bòfrè Germain Doucet. == Referans == {{Referans}} lp5awebkhfni4vv8ynnbd3kpv2b8twp 0 97657 882699 2026-07-12T22:05:08Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360982478|Sant Isher Singh]] » 882699 wikitext text/x-wiki   Sant Isher Singh (Punjabi: ਸੰਤ ਈਸ਼ਰ ਸਿੰਘ 5 out 1905 – 26 out 1975), ke anpil moun nan kominote Sikh la te rele avèk respè '''Sant Maharaj Isher Singh Ji''', se te yon sen Sikh (Sant) ki te soti Rara Sahib. Anpil moun te konsidere li kòm yon '''Brahmgiani''', sa vle di yon moun ki te gen gwo konesans espirityèl. Li te pase plis pase 50 ane ap chante '''kirtan''' (kantik relijye) ak bay '''katha''' (ansèyman sou ekriti sakre yo), pandan li t ap pataje mesaj ak ansèyman Gurou Sikh yo nan peyi Zend ak lòt kote nan mond lan. Sant Isher Singh te vin chèf enstitisyon Sikh ki rele '''Rara Sahib Samparda''', yo rele l tou '''Bhai Daya Singh Ji Samparda''', apre Sant Attar Singh Ji nan Reru Sahib. Yo sonje li pou gwo devouman li anvè relijyon Sikh la. Dapre tradisyon Sikh la, li pa t sèlman viv dapre prensip Sikh yo, men li te travay tou pou gaye ansèyman yo atravè peyi Zend ak lòt peyi. Yo di konsèy espirityèl li te enspire dè milyon moun, e li te ankouraje anpil ladan yo pou antre nan Khalsa epi vin pi pwòch lafwa Sikh la. Gian Singh Rarewala, ansyen premye minis PEPSU a, te yon kanmarad klas epi yon bon zanmi Sant Isher Singh Ji Rarewale. Sou demann li, Sant Isher Singh Ji ak konpayon li Sant Kishan Singh Ji te etabli yo nan vilaj Rara Sahib epi yo te fè kote dezole sa a tounen yon refij espirityèl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/first-sikh-chief-minister|title=First Sikh Chief Minister|date=2023-02-10|website=SikhNet|language=en|access-date=2026-01-28}}</ref> == Premye lavi ak edikasyon == Nan dat 5 Out 1905, Isher Singh te fèt sou non '''Gulab Singh''' nan vilaj Allowal, nan distri Patiala, nan Punjab . Pitit li yo se Baba Ram Singh, yon Nambardar respekte, ak Mata Rattan Kaur, toulede Sikh devwe. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://play.sikhnet.com/artist/sant-baba-ishar-singh-rara-sahib|title=Sant Baba Ishar Singh (Rara Sahib)|website=Sikh Net}}</ref> <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nihungsanthia.com/post/never-look-at-anyone-s-faults-bachan-sant-isher-singh-ji-rara-sahib|title=Never look at anyone's faults - Bachan Sant Isher Singh Ji Rara Sahib|date=6 August 2020|website=Nihung Santhia}}</ref> Dapre biyografi li yo ak entelektyèl Sikh yo, yo kwè nesans li te pwofetize nan de okazyon enpòtan: # Yon Sadhu ki t ap vwayaje, k ap chèche lacharite lakay manman Sant Isher Singh, te bese tèt devan Mata Rattan Kaur epi li te predi ke li t ap akouche yon gran sen ''Brahmgiani'' . # Yon sen te prezante yon roz bay Baba Ram Singh, li te deklare ke pitit gason l lan t ap grandi pou l vin yon gran ''Mahapurkh'', ki, tankou roz la, t ap gaye sant ''Naam'' nan tout mond lan. Enpire pa pwofesi sa a, yo te rele l [[Woz (flè)|Gulab]], ki vle di "roz". <ref name=":1" /> Depi li te jèn, yo di Sant Isher Singh te montre yon gwo tandans espirityèl; li te konn medite bò yon pi nan limit vilaj li a epi plonje tèt li nan ansèyman [[Guru Granth Sahib|Guru Granth Sahib Ji yo]] . Devosyon li te pwolonje nan lekti ak etid ekriti relijye yo, angaje l nan Seva (sèvis dezenterese), medite, ak chèche konpayi sen eklere yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.santisharsinghji.com/|title=Waheguru Ji Ka Khalsa, Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh|website=Sant Ishar Singh}}</ref> Lè Sant Isher Singh te gen senk an, yo di li menm ak paran l te vizite Baba Biram Das Ji, yon sen yo te respekte nan sèk Udasi a. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.basicsofsikhi.com/video-posts/experiences-with-sant-baba-isher-singh-ji|title=Experiences with Sant Baba Isher Singh Ji - Bhai Inderjit Singh Ji and Sunny Singh {{!}} Gurmukh Series|website=Basics of Sikhi}}</ref> Pandan reyinyon yo a, Baba Biram Das Ji te predi ke Sant Isher Singh t ap grandi pou l vin yon sen ''Raja Jogi'' ak yon sen ''Maryada Purushottam'', ki t ap gen yon grandè espirityèl tèlman wo ke menm moun ki gen gwo pozisyon t ap bese tèt devan l. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":5" /> === Edikasyon === Apre li te fin resevwa twa zan edikasyon nan men Sada Nand Sadhu nan Allowal, Sant Isher Singh te kontinye etid primè li nan vilaj Chulela ak Manaod. Depi 6yèm ane, li te enskri nan Model High School, Patiala, kote li te fè etid segondè li. Yo te di li te gen yon prezans karismatik ak yon konpòtman grasyeuz. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.basicsofsikhi.com/video-posts/experiences-with-sant-baba-isher-singh-ji|title=Experiences with Sant Baba Isher Singh Ji - Bhai Inderjit Singh Ji and Sunny Singh {{!}} Gurmukh Series|website=Basics of Sikhi}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.basicsofsikhi.com/video-posts/experiences-with-sant-baba-isher-singh-ji "Experiences with Sant Baba Isher Singh Ji - Bhai Inderjit Singh Ji and Sunny Singh | Gurmukh Series"]. ''Basics of Sikhi''.</cite></ref> Sant Isher Singh te pale plizyè lang byen, tankou Punjabi, Ourdou, Hindi ak Angle. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://play.sikhnet.com/artist/10186/tracks|title=Tracks by Sant Baba Ishar Singh (Rara Sahib)|website=SikhNet}}</ref> Sant Isher Singh Ji pa sèlman te briye nan domèn akademik, li te toujou rive nan pi bon rezilta pami kanmarad li yo, men li te demontre tou yon talan remakab nan espò. Yon atlèt pasyone, li te yon manm nan New Hockey Sports Club epi li te patisipe nan plizyè espò, tankou: volebòl, krikèt ak baskètbòl. Li te souvan jwe hockey ansanm ak sòlda ki soti nan Patiala <nowiki><i id="mwmw">Topkhana</i></nowiki> epi li te gen yon gwo enterè nan atletik tou. <ref name=":1" /> == Karyè Relijye == Lè Sant Isher Singh te jèn, li te kòmanse suiv ansèyman espirityèl Sant Attar Singh nan Reru Sahib, yon sen Sikh ki te byen konnen nan kòmansman ane 1900 yo. Li te vin youn nan disip ki te pi fidèl li. Enspire pa sajès espirityèl ak devouman Sant Attar Singh, Gulab Singh te resevwa Amrit epi yo te ba li non '''Isher'''. Anba direksyon Sant Attar Singh, li te konsakre lavi li nan '''[[seva]]''' (sèvis san enterè) ak '''[[bhagati]]''' (devosyon espirityèl). Sant Kishen Singh, ki te pase tout lavi li bò kote Sant Isher Singh, te yon lòt disip fidèl Sant Attar Singh. Menm jan ak Sant Isher Singh, anpil moun respekte l kòm youn nan pi gwo sen Brahmgiani nan istwa Sikh la. === Rara Sahib === Apre lanmò Sant Attar Singh, ni Sant Isher Singh ni Sant Kishan Singh te kite Gurdwara Reru Sahib epi finalman yo te rete nan forè Rara Sahib, yon kote sakre sizyèm Guru Sikh la, [[Guru Hargobind|Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji]], te vizite. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://rarasahib.com/|title=Gurdwara Karamsar Rara Sahib|website=Rara Sahib}}</ref> Plonje tèt yo nan ''Simran'' ak ''Samadhi'' (meditasyon pwofon) pandan yon bon bout tan, yo te transfòme forè ki te yon lè izole a an sa yo rele kounye a Gurdwara Karamsar, yon sant espirityèl kote Sikh yo rasanble pou aprann, medite, adore, epi angaje yo nan ''Seva'' (sèvis dezenterese). <ref name=":11" /> === Preche Sikhis === Sant Isher Singh te lajman venere pami Sikh yo, pa sèlman pou gwo ''Seva'' li a (sèvis dezenterese) ak ''Simran li a'' (souvni meditatif sou Bondye), men tou pou devouman li nan preche Sikhi, delivre Kirtan, ak literati li yo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://play.sikhnet.com/artist/10186/tracks|title=Tracks by Sant Baba Ishar Singh (Rara Sahib)|website=SikhNet}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://play.sikhnet.com/artist/10186/tracks "Tracks by Sant Baba Ishar Singh (Rara Sahib)"]. ''SikhNet''.</cite></ref> <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nihungsanthia.com/post/never-look-at-anyone-s-faults-bachan-sant-isher-singh-ji-rara-sahib|title=Never look at anyone's faults - Bachan Sant Isher Singh Ji Rara Sahib|date=6 August 2020|website=Nihung Santhia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.nihungsanthia.com/post/never-look-at-anyone-s-faults-bachan-sant-isher-singh-ji-rara-sahib "Never look at anyone's faults - Bachan Sant Isher Singh Ji Rara Sahib"]. ''Nihung Santhia''. 6 August 2020.</cite></ref> Li te vin gen plis rekonesans pou dirije seremoni Amrit Sanchar an mas, inisye anpil moun nan [[Khalsa]] atravè Amrit Sanchar . Ant ane 1950 yo ak 1970 yo, li te vwayaje souvan nan Kenya, Tanzani, Ouganda, ak Wayòm Ini a kòm yon pati nan sèvis relijye li yo, gaye ansèyman Sikhi yo epi ranfòse kominote Sik aletranje yo. Anrejistreman Katha Sant Isher Singh yo (diskou espirityèl) ak Kirtan yo (im devosyonèl) kontinye ap resevwa anpil atansyon sou Youtube ak lòt platfòm—pa sèlman pa Sikh òdinè yo, men tou pa entelektyèl k ap chèche apwofondi konpreyansyon yo sou Sikhi atravè ansèyman ak ekri li yo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://play.sikhnet.com/artist/10186/tracks|title=Tracks by Sant Baba Ishar Singh (Rara Sahib)|website=SikhNet}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://play.sikhnet.com/artist/10186/tracks "Tracks by Sant Baba Ishar Singh (Rara Sahib)"]. ''SikhNet''.</cite></ref> <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nihungsanthia.com/post/never-look-at-anyone-s-faults-bachan-sant-isher-singh-ji-rara-sahib|title=Never look at anyone's faults - Bachan Sant Isher Singh Ji Rara Sahib|date=6 August 2020|website=Nihung Santhia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.nihungsanthia.com/post/never-look-at-anyone-s-faults-bachan-sant-isher-singh-ji-rara-sahib "Never look at anyone's faults - Bachan Sant Isher Singh Ji Rara Sahib"]. ''Nihung Santhia''. 6 August 2020.</cite></ref> Dapre Sant Kulwant Singh, Jathedar Hazur Sahib la, lavi li rete yon egzanp gid pou Sikh yo, e menm 50 ane apre lanmò li, sajès espirityèl li kontinye enspire anpil moun pou yo mache sou chemen Gurmat la epi anbrase Gursikhi. [[Fichye:Hall_of_Gurdwara_Karamsar_Rara_Sahib.jpg|vignette|Gurdwara Rara Sahib nan Ludhiana, Punjab]] == Lanmò == Nan dat 26 Out 1975, Sant Isher Singh Ji te mouri nan Wolverhampton, Angletè. Kòm li te pratike selibat pandan tout lavi li, li pat ni marye ni fè pitit. Nan dènye anrejistreman li a, yo di li te chante ''Kirtan'' yon vèsè ki tradui konsa: ''"Jou ou yo pa long, ou fatige, epi rad kò ou vin vye."'' Yo pretann sa a se youn nan anpil ti allusion sibtil li te bay, ki te anonse depa iminan li. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.basicsofsikhi.com/video-posts/experiences-with-sant-baba-isher-singh-ji|title=Experiences with Sant Baba Isher Singh Ji - Bhai Inderjit Singh Ji and Sunny Singh {{!}} Gurmukh Series|website=Basics of Sikhi}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.basicsofsikhi.com/video-posts/experiences-with-sant-baba-isher-singh-ji "Experiences with Sant Baba Isher Singh Ji - Bhai Inderjit Singh Ji and Sunny Singh | Gurmukh Series"]. ''Basics of Sikhi''.</cite></ref> === Disip yo === Yo kwè ke 101 elèv sen an te rive nan nivo espirityèl ''Brahmgiaan'' ki te gen anpil valè. Pami anpil disip li yo ak moun ki te fè 'Sangat' pou li, gen kèk ladan yo: * Sant Teja Singh ji (Rara Sahib, Bhora Sahib), ki konnen pou [[Seva]] l 'ak imilite, pran swen Bhora Sahib la, epi pita defann Seva nan Gurdwara Karamsar, Rara Sahib (pita reyisi pa Sant Baljinder Singh Ji). * Sant Ranjit Singh ji Virakt (Fatehgarh Panjgrian), byen li te ye pou <nowiki><i id="mwAQ4">Bhagati</i></nowiki> strik li yo ak ''Tyaag'', ki moun ki te bay tit la nan 'Virakt' (sa vle di 'yon sèl dezire' / 'detache yon sèl') pa Sant Isher Singh ji Maharaj (pita reyisi pa Sant Balkar Singh Ji). <ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://karamishersar.com/|title=Karam Ishershar|date=2023-12-06|language=en-US|access-date=2025-02-20}}</ref> * Sant Narain Singh ji 'Sri Maan ji' (Fatehgarh Panjgrian), premye '''Sri Maanji''' ( [[Seva|Sevadar]] responsab pou [[Langar (Sikhi)|Langar]] ) nan Rara Sahib, ki pita te ale nan Fatehgarh Panjgrian anba Hukam nan Sant Isher Singh ji. <ref name=":16" /> * Jathedar Sant Mahinder Singh ji (Rara Sahib Jarg), ki te vin ''Jathedar'' nan Rara Sahib 'Hazuri Kirtani Jatha'. <ref name=":15">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jargsahib.in/|title=Jarg Sahib|website=www.jargsahib.in|access-date=2025-02-20}}</ref> * 'Babu ji', ke yo wè ak Sant Isher Singh ji nan anpil nan foto anvan yo epi ki te sèvi kòm 'Garvaee Singh' (asistan pwòch). * Sant Waryam Singh ji (Ratwara Sahib), yon entelektyèl byen renome nan Sikhi, li te ye pou literati li ak kontribisyon edikasyonèl li yo. <ref name=":17">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ratwarasahib.com/|title=Ratwara Sahib|website=www.ratwarasahib.com|access-date=}}</ref> * Sant Sukhdev Singh ji (Alohran Sahib), ki te fè anpil seva nan Gurdwara Sant Ashram Dhablaan epi ki te etabli Gurdwara a nan Alohran Sahib. * Sant Karam Singh ji (Sidhsar Bhikhi, Rara Sahib) <ref name=":1" /> * Bhai Amrik Singh ji (Rara Sahib), ki te vin Mukh Kirtani nan Rara Sahib, li te ye pou Kirtan li. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://rarasahib.com/|title=Gurdwara Karamsar Rara Sahib|website=Rara Sahib|quote=Sant Isher Singh Ji was born of Mata Ratan Kaur, in the household of Sardar Ram Singh Nambardar, on 5th August 1905 at village Allowal, district Patiala. The parents named their son Gulab Singh. Nobody knew that one day this “Gulab” (meaning rose) would spread his fragrance far and wide. He received the basic worldly education from the primary School of village ‘Chulela’.}}</ref> * Sant Maan Singh ji (Pehowa), ki te fè anpil parchaar nan peyi etranje epi ki te rekonèt pou etablisman enstitisyon edikasyonèl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theworldofgurunanak.com/sant-baba-mann-singh-ji-Pehowa-wale.html|title=Sant Baba Mann Singh Ji Pehowa Wale, the world of Guru Nanak, sikh, sikhism, temple, holy, england, birmingham|website=www.theworldofgurunanak.com|access-date=}}</ref> * Sant Bhagwan Singh ji (Rara Sahib Begowal) * Sant Baba Balwant Singh ji (Rara Sahib), ki te fè anpil seva nan Gurdwara Karamsar, Rara Sahib. * Anpil plis ankò… === Gurdwara yo === Gen de ''Asthaan'' ki te etabli pa Sant Isher Singh ji ak Sant Kishen Singh ji pou preche ansèyman Sikh Gurus yo: # Gurdwara Karamsar, Rara Sahib ; yo te rele Sant Karam Singh ji nan Hoti Mardan, predesesè Sant Attar Singh nan Reru Sahib. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://rarasahib.com/|title=Gurdwara Karamsar Rara Sahib|website=Rara Sahib}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://rarasahib.com/ "Gurdwara Karamsar Rara Sahib"]. ''Rara Sahib''.</cite></ref> # Gurdwara Sant Ashram, Dhablan; etabli an 1954 <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://rarasahib.com/|title=Gurdwara Karamsar Rara Sahib|website=Rara Sahib|quote=Sant Isher Singh Ji was born of Mata Ratan Kaur, in the household of Sardar Ram Singh Nambardar, on 5th August 1905 at village Allowal, district Patiala. The parents named their son Gulab Singh. Nobody knew that one day this “Gulab” (meaning rose) would spread his fragrance far and wide. He received the basic worldly education from the primary School of village ‘Chulela’.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://rarasahib.com/ "Gurdwara Karamsar Rara Sahib"]. ''Rara Sahib''. <q>Sant Isher Singh Ji was born of Mata Ratan Kaur, in the household of Sardar Ram Singh Nambardar, on 5th August 1905 at village Allowal, district Patiala. The parents named their son Gulab Singh. Nobody knew that one day this "Gulab" (meaning rose) would spread his fragrance far and wide. He received the basic worldly education from the primary School of village 'Chulela'.</q></cite></ref> Kèk nan Gurdwara yo ki te bati nan eritaj Sant Isher Singh ji a enkli: * Gurdwara Ishersar Sahib, Allowal; Gurdwara sa a kanpe nan vilaj kote Sant Isher Singh Ji te fèt. Chak ane, nan dat 5 out, Sikh yo komemore anivèsè nesans li. Sant Kishen Singh Ji (Rara Sahib) te poze premye wòch la pèsonèlman. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://rarasahib.com/|title=Gurdwara Karamsar Rara Sahib|website=Rara Sahib}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://rarasahib.com/ "Gurdwara Karamsar Rara Sahib"]. ''Rara Sahib''.</cite></ref> * Crowther Road, Wolverhampton : Kay kote Sant Isher Singh Ji te mouri a sitiye sou wout sa a. Avèk prezans Guru Granth Sahib la, li sèvi kòm yon Gurdwara. Anpil Sikh, ki gen ladan pèsonalite Sikh enpòtan, vizite sit sa a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search/-/charity-details/3990931/contact-information|title=SANT ISHAR SINGH CHARITABLE TRUST - Charity 1100593|website=prd-ds-register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2025-02-20}}</ref> * Gurdwara Sant Ashram Ishersar Sahib, Fatehgarh Panjgrian: Gurdwara sa a pote non Sant Isher Singh Ji epi li te etabli pa Sant Ranjit Singh Virakt, sou ''Hukam'' Sant Isher Singh Ji li menm. Li se pami premye Gurdwara Rara Sahib ''Samparda a,'' etabli avèk benediksyon Sant Kishan Singh ji (ki te pèsonèlman poze premye wòch la). Depi premye ''Barsi'' a (anivèsè lanmò) an 1976, Sant Kishan Singh Ji te pèsonèlman vizite sit sakre sa a chak ane pou komemore okazyon an. <ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://karamishersar.com/|title=Karam Ishershar|date=2023-12-06|language=en-US|access-date=2025-02-20}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://karamishersar.com/ "Karam Ishershar"]. 2023-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Gurdwara Yaadgaar Sant Isher Singh ji, Rara Sahib Jarg. Etabli pa Jathedar Mahinder Singh Ji (Rara Sahib Jarg), epi kounye a Seva a gade apre Sant Bhupinder Singh Ji. <ref name=":15">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jargsahib.in/|title=Jarg Sahib|website=www.jargsahib.in|access-date=2025-02-20}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.jargsahib.in/ "Jarg Sahib"]. ''www.jargsahib.in''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Gurdwara Isherpur, Alohran Sahib. Kote sa a te etabli pa Sant Sukhdev Singh Ji (Alhoran Sahib Wale), e kounye a, Seva a sipèvize pa Sant Kashmira Singh Ji. * Gurdwara Sachkhand Isher Darbar. Sant Mann Singh Ji (Pehowa Wale) te fonde kote sa a. * Gurdwara Isher Parkash, Ratwara Sahib. Sant Waryam Singh Ji (Ratwara Sahib) te etabli. <ref name=":17">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ratwarasahib.com/|title=Ratwara Sahib|website=www.ratwarasahib.com|access-date=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.ratwarasahib.com/ "Ratwara Sahib"]. ''www.ratwarasahib.com''.</cite></ref> Gen plizyè santèn Gurdwara atravè lemond ki konekte ak Rara Sahib ''Samparda'' a, ki kouvri tout peyi Punjab, peyi Zend, Wayòm Ini, Ewòp, Afrik, Oseyani ak Amerik di Nò. === Òganizasyon Charitab ak Edikasyonèl === Sant Isher Singh Ji ak disip li yo te etabli plizyè òganizasyon charitab, tankou Sant Isher Singh Charitable Trust ak Sant Isher Singh Ji Memorial Public Trust. Òganizasyon sa yo dedye a bay edikasyon, swen sante ak lòt sèvis esansyèl atravè peyi Zend. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.degtegmission.org/people/sant-isher-singh-ji/|title=SANT ISHER SINGH JI|website=Deg Teg Mission}}</ref> Anpil enstitisyon edikasyonèl ak enstitisyon medikal yo te etabli an memwa li grasa disip li yo. == Gade tou == * Gurdwara Karamsar Rara Sahib * Rara Sahib * Sant (relijyon) * Bhai Daya Singh * Baba Sahib Singh Bedi * Bhai Maharaj Singh == Referans == {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Lanmò 1975]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1905]] [[Kategori:P569 absan nan Wikidata]] [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] 2ary90v4mhalmntilz4vjq2o4u1yhrs 0 97658 882701 2026-07-12T22:19:20Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332539405|Moh]] » 882701 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Five Evils}}'''Moh''' ( Punjabi : ਮੋਹ ''mōha'' ; Sanskri : ''muh '' ) se yon mo nan lang Punjabi ak Sanskri ki dekri atachman ak byen materyèl oswa moun. <ref name=":3" /> Li se youn nan [[senk vòlè]] yo nan filozofi Sikh ki anpeche devlopman espirityèl yon moun. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> == Definisyon == Harbans Singh tradui tèm nan kòm sa ki vle di: "vin egare, pèdi tèt ou oswa pèdi tèt ou, fè erè, fè erè". Li defini nan ansyen tèks Endik pou pèpleksite oswa konfizyon epi pou kòz konfizyon an, sètadi ''avidya'' oswa ''ajnana'' (inyorans oswa ilizyon). <ref name=":3" /> Yo rele li ''aaskti'' "आसक्ति" nan lang Hindi, epi yo konsidere li kòm youn nan kòz fondamantal राग द्वेष "tout lapenn nan lavi". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Nan tèks relijye Endou yo, li se yon kòz inyorans अज्ञान ki akòz ilizyon mond lan माया ( ''maya'' ). Nan yon lòt kontèks, li vle di "pyèj ilizyon mond lan, enfatuasyon." Objektif li gen de eleman: li bouche disènman verite a, li anpeche pèsepsyon reyalite a, epi li kreye yon erè jijman oswa li mennen nan move konesans ( ''mithya jnana'' ). <ref name=":3" /> Moun kwè nan yon reyalite etènèl nan pwòp egzistans yo oswa ego yo; yo wè verite a nan sa ki fo epi yo chèche bonè nan sa ki pote soufrans. <ref name=":3" /> Nan lang Punjabi, ''moh'' jeneralman vle di lanmou ak atachman pou bagay ak relasyon mond lan. == Deskwipsyon == Nan ekwiti Sikh yo, tèm nan parèt souvan ansanm ak [[Maya (relijyon)|''maya'']] ( ''maia'' ) kòm ''maya-moh,'' entèprete ni kòm foli pou oswa kole ak mond ilizyon sans yo, ni kòm ilizyon lanmou ak atachman mond lan. Entèpretasyon Sikh sou ''maya a'', sepandan, diferan de entèpretasyon filozofi klasik ''Advaita a'', ki konsidere mond fenomenal la ireyèl e pakonsekan yon ilizyon ki koze pa inyorans imen. <ref name=":3" /> Nan Sikhism, mond vizib la se yon manifestasyon Bondye e poutèt sa li reyèl; epoutan li pa ''satya'' oubyen vre nan sans imuiabl ak etènèl. Mond mas, fòm ak mouvman sa a ki trikote nan chèn ak trame tan ak espas la se jwe Bondye kreye selon plezi li e konsa li reyèl e sakre; men li reprezante sèlman yon aspè pasajè e non pa Reyalite Siprèm. <ref name=":3" /> ''Maya'' se pa yon ilizyon nan sans yon miraj, yon nenilite reyèl; li se yon ilizyon ki reprezante pasajè kòm pèmanan e yon pati kòm antye. <ref name=":3" /> Moh pou maya, sa vle di pou mond sans pasajè sa a, anpeche nanm nan chèche objektif final li e li se, kidonk, youn nan senk mal yo. Li gen rapò, yon bò, ak ''kam'' (dezi, lanmou) ak ''lobh'' (posezivite, konvwatiz) e, yon lòt bò, ak ''ahankar'' (sans de mwen, pa m ak pou mwen). <ref name=":3" /> Se konsa yo te refere a ''moh'' kòm yon filè, ''maiajal'' . <ref name=":3" /> [[Guru Nanak]] konseye pou debarase m de ''moh'' paske li se sous tout mal e yon kòz pou nesans ak lanmò repete. Moh anpeche inyon nanm imen an ak Divin lan, yon eta inyon espirityèl konsa yo rele ''Sehaj'' . === Solisyon === Dapre ansèyman Sikh yo, remèd kont moh se vairag, ki vle di pa twò mare ak bagay ki pase nan lavi a. Men, sa pa fasil. Gurou yo pa t anseye moun pou yo abandone lavi oswa kouri kite mond lan. Okontrè, yo te ankouraje moun viv lavi yo pandan y ap kenbe lafwa yo. Finalman, yo di se grasa favè Bondye (nadar) moun ka libere anba moh. Guru Nanak te di: "Se sèlman pa favè Bondye moh ka disparèt." Pi bon fason pou konbat moh se konprann, atravè konesans espirityèl (gian), ke mond sa a, ansanm ak relasyon ak tout sa ki ladan l, pa dire pou tout tan. Se poutèt sa, pa twò atache pa vle di sispann viv oswa sispann aji. Olye de sa, sa vle di fè devwa w san w pa kite atachman kontwole kè w. [[Guru Nanak]] te konpare lavi a ak yon jwè ki ap patisipe nan yon jwèt. Moun nan fè pati pa l pandan yon ti tan, epi apre sa li ale. Li te di tou mond lan tankou yon savann sezon kote moun rete sèlman pou kèk jou anvan yo kontinye chemen yo. Yon tèm komen e ki repete nan ''[[gurbani]]'' ki dekri lavi ideyal la se tèm lotus la ki, byenke li ap viv nan dlo, kenbe tèt li anlè dlo a san li pa kite l plonje. Senbolis lotus la repete nan tout im gourou yo kòm yon eta pou aspire pou kenbe move efè Moh yo lwen sou moun k ap chèche espirityèl la. <ref name=":2" /> == Referans == {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] 65hjdtrw8g0fr0quzppbj49havlc8v7 0 97659 882704 2026-07-12T22:38:56Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359205647|Dastar]] » 882704 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Sikh_wearing_turban.jpg|vignette|Yon neg Sikh ki mete yon ''dastar'' oubyen ''yon pagg'']]   Yon '''dastār''' se yon atik chapo ki asosye avèk Sikhi ak kilti Sikh. Mo a soti nan lang Pèsik rive nan lang Punjabi . Nan lang Pèsik, mo ''dastār'' la ka refere a nenpòt kalite turban epi li ranplase mo orijinal la pou turban, ''dolband'' (دلبند), kote mo angle a soti. Pami Sikh yo, ''dastar'' a se yon atik lafwa ki reprezante egalite, onè, respè pou tèt ou, kouraj, espirityalite ak pyete. Gason ak fanm Sikh [[Khalsa]] yo, ki kenbe [[Senk K]] yo, mete turban pou kouvri cheve long yo ki pa koupe ( ''[[Kesh (Sikhi)|kesh]]'' ). Sikh yo konsidere ''dastar'' a kòm yon pati enpòtan nan idantite inik Sikh la. Apre nevyèm Guru Sikh la, [[Guru Tegh Bahadur|Tegh Bahadur]], te kondane a lanmò pa anperè Mughal Aurangzeb la, [[Guru Gobind Singh]], dizyèm Guru Sikh la, te kreye [[Khalsa]] a epi li te bay senk atik lafwa, youn ladan yo se cheve ki pa koupe, ke ''dastar'' a kouvri. == Istwa == [[Fichye:Dastar_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh.jpg|vignette|Konsève rlik ''Dastar'' nan [[Guru Gobind Singh]]]] [[Fichye:Near_contemporary_portrait_painting_of_Guru_Hargobind_by_a_Muslim_artist,_held_in_the_Bhai_Rupa_Collection,_circa_mid-17th_century.jpg|vignette|Penti kontanporen oswa prèske kontanporen Guru Hargobind]] ''Dastar'' a te yon pati enpòtan nan relijyon Sikh la depi nan epòk Premye Guru a, [[Guru Nanak]] ki te onore Guru Angad Dev ki te onore [[Guru Amar Das]] ak yon ''dastar'' espesyal lè yo te deklare li pwochen Guru a. Lè Guru Ram Das te mouri, yo te onore Guru Arjan ak ''dastar'' Guruship la. : ''Marne di pag Pirthiye badhi. Guriyaee pag Arjan Ladhi'' [[Guru Gobind Singh]], dènye Guru Sikh imen an, te ekri: {{Sitasyon blok|Kangha dono vaqt kar, paag chune kar bandhai. ("Comb your hair twice a day and tie your turban carefully, turn by turn.")}} Bhai Rattan Singh Bhangu, youn nan premye istoryen Sikh yo, te ekri nan ''Sri Gur Panth Parkash'' : {{Sitasyon blok|Doi vele utth bandhyo dastare, [[pahar]] aatth rakhyo shastar sambhare. Kesan ki kijo pritpal, nah(i) ustran se katyo vaal. ("Mare dastar ou de fwa pa jou epi mete shaster (zam pou pwoteje dharma), epi kenbe yo ak swen, 24 èdtan pa jou. Pran swen cheve ou. Pa koupe cheve ou ak lam.)"}} Dapre Jvala Singh, senk premye gourou Sikh yo te mete ''seli topi'' a olye de yon tiban. Se sèlman pandan peryòd sizyèm gourou Sikh la, Guru Hargobind, ke tiban an te vin gen plis enpòtans pami Sikh yo. <ref name=":0" /> Guru Hargobind te mare yon tiban olye pou l te mete seli topi tradisyonèl gourou predesesè yo. <ref name=":0" /> Pita, pratik mare yon tiban te vin lye nèt ak Sikh yo avèk fòmalizasyon lòd [[Khalsa]] a pa Guru Gobind Singh an 1699. <ref name=":0" /> Aparans gason Sikh yo, ki gen ladan estil tiban yo, te vin estandadize pita pandan mouvman Singh Sabha a ak patisipasyon Sikh yo nan militè ak polis Britanik Endyen yo, ki te gen yon politik inifòm byen defini. Tiban an pa youn nan 5K yo ki obligatwa nan Sikhism endikap la, okontrè li vin tounen yon zouti pou ede jere youn nan senk K yo, ''[[Kesh (Sikhi)|kesh]]'' (cheve ki pa koupe). Okontrè, tiban an te yon siyifikatif idantite Sikh pou gason. Selon Purnima Dhava, respè ak prestij nan Punjab 18yèm syèk la te lye ak fanm ak tiban, kote yo te fè alyans atravè echanj tiban ak ofri fanm (pitit fi) yo pou marye. <ref name=":2" /> Seremoni ki asosye ak tiban Sikh la te fèt pou gason tou, tankou seremoni mare tiban an, ke yo rekonèt kòm ''Rasam Pagri'' oswa ''Rasam Dastar'', lè yon patriyach mouri epi pi gran pitit gason l lan pran responsablite familyal yo lè l mare yon tiban devan lòt moun. <ref name=":2" /> Anplis de sa, pandan seremoni maryaj Sikh yo, tankou ''Anand Karaj'', mesye marye a ap mete yon tiban, kit li fè sa nan lavi nòmal li kit li pa fè sa. <ref name=":2" /> Pratik pou fanm Sikh yo mete turban pa t komen nan listwa. <ref name=":2" /> == Enpòtans == [[Fichye:Sikhs_with_chakrams.jpg|droite|vignette|''Nihang Abchal Nagar'' (Nihangs ki soti nan Hazur Sahib), 1844. Montre sòlda Sikh ak turban sou yo ak chakram .]] Nan sosyete Khalsa a, turban an siyifi anpil vèti: === Pawòl === Gen anpil idyòm ak pwovèb Punjabi ki dekri enpòtans yon ''dastar'' nan lavi Sikh yo. Bhai Gurdas te ekri: {{Sitasyon blok|"Tthande khuhu naike pag visar(i) aya sir(i) nangai Ghar vich ranna(n) kamlia(n) dhussi liti dekh(i) kudhange" ("Yon òm, apre li te fin benyen nan pi a pandan sezon ivè a, li te bliye ''dastār'' li a nan pi a epi li te retounen lakay tèt li san. Lè medam yo te wè l lakay li san ''dastār'', yo te panse yon moun te mouri epi yo te kòmanse kriye.")}} === Inifòm Sikhi === [[Fichye:Pigeons_in_Bombay.jpg|droite|vignette|Sik yo fasil pou rekonèt pa turban diferan yo, ansanm ak lòt atik lafwa yo.]] ''Dastar'' a konsidere kòm yon pati entegral nan idantite inik Sikh la. Tèt toutouni pa konsidere kòm apwopriye dapre [[gurbani]] . Si yon Sikh vle vin youn ak [[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|guru]] li, li dwe sanble ak yon gourou (mete yon ''dastar'' ). [[Guru Gobind Singh]] te deklare: {{Sitasyon blok|Khalsa mero roop hai khaas. Khalse me hau karo niwas. ("Khalsa is a true picture of mine. I live in Khalsa.")}} Kenbe cheve long epi mare ''dastar'' a se yon siy lanmou, obeyisans anvè volonte gourou Sikh yo, ak akseptasyon anvè Volonte Bondye. Yon sitasyon ki soti nan Sikhnet: {{Sitasyon blok|"Dastār" la se kado Guru nou an ban nou. Se konsa nou kouwone tèt nou kòm Singhs ak Kaurs ki chita sou twòn angajman anvè pwòp konsyans siperyè nou an. Pou gason kou fanm, idantite pwojektif sa a transmèt wayote, gras, ak singularite. Li se yon siyal pou lòt moun ke nou viv nan imaj Enfini an epi nou dedye a sèvi tout moun. Tiban an pa reprezante anyen eksepte angajman konplè. Lè ou chwazi pou ou demake tèt ou lè w mare "dastār" ou a, ou kanpe san krent kòm yon sèl moun ki demake tèt ou nan mitan sis milya moun. Se yon aksyon ki pi remakab.}} == Tip ''dastar yo'' == Gason Sikh modèn yo sitou mete kat kalite turban: Wattan Wali Turban, Patiala Shahi Turban, stil UK/Kenyan ak Dumala. Stil turban ki pi tradisyonèl yo se Darbara Singh Dummala, Dastar Bunga (tiban orijinal Khalsa a) ak Puratan Nok Pagg. Yon stil turban konfòtab ak aksidantèl ki mare se ''gol parna'' a. Dastar yo gen yon relasyon pwòch ak Dumalla . === Dastar Bunga === [[Fichye:A_Sikh_Hooper_Western_1860s.jpg|vignette|Tiban Sikh orijinal Khalsa Fauj la, Dastar Bunga a. Yo kouvri pwent tiban Nihang la ak pharla li.]] Dastar bunga, oubyen fòtrès turban an Pès, se yon stil turban yon sèk espesifik nan Sikh yo, Akali Nihangs yo (imòtèl san ego) itilize. Kòm yon pati esansyèl nan lafwa yo, gèrye yo te itilize turban an kòm yon depo pou gwo varyete zam yo. Sa a te premye Turban Khalsa Fauj Guru yo. Guru yo te mete stil sa a pandan batay ak stil Mughal la pandan lapè. Dastar Bunga a komen nan tradisyon Nihang yo. Tinik ble fonse a (chola) ak turban (dumalla) ki gen yon quoit ak yon ponya sou tèt yo te mete pou premye fwa an 1699 nan moman premye seremoni inisyasyon Khalsa ak nepe doub bò a (khanda-pahul). Apre sa, te vin drapo turban an (farra oswa farla), ke [[Guru Gobind Singh]] te entwodui an 1702 pandan yon konfwontasyon ak yon wa mòn Rajput nan vwazinaj Anandpur. Estanda batay Khalsa a te koupe lè moun ki te pote l la, Akali Man Singh Nihang, te blese. Depi lè sa a, Guru a te deside ke drapo ble fonse a ta dwe mete kòm yon pati nan turban Man Singh, li ta dwe flote nan tèt li tankou yon twal jòn ki lach toutotan moun ki te pote l la te vivan nan li. Yo di... ke tout mayifik inifòm Akal-Nihang la te parèt ane annapre a. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Stil Wayòm Ini/Kenyen === [[Fichye:Sikh_Soldiers_India.jpg|vignette|Sòlda Sikh ak Paggs ak Pharlas nan style Kenyen.]] Raj Britanik la te egzije pou tout sòlda Sikh ki nan ran ki pi ba yo mare yon sèl tiban (pa doub koud), ki te pliye olye pou yo te lonje kòm yon pooni epi vlope nan tèt la san yo pa peze. Stil sa a sanble ak sa ke ajan Lapolis Punjab yo toujou mare jodi a. Lè Sikh yo te kite peyi Zend pou y al travay aletranje nan Kenya, yo te pran stil sa a avèk yo men yo te adapte l yon ti kras pou mòd, yo te diminye longè a (5 mèt olye de uit) epi yo te rantre dènye vlope a nan yon ang ki te pwodui yon pwent triyangilè byen file anlè pwen santral la (yo rele l yon "Chunj"). Yo te konn mare tiban yo tou, sa ki te pèmèt yo rete an fòm epi yo te ka mete yo ankò jiska 3 mwa apre yo te fin mare yo. Lè Sikh Kenyen yo te rive nan Wayòm Ini a pandan ane 1960 ak 70 yo, yo te kontinye mare stil tiban triyangilè ak lanmidonnen sa a la, sa ki te fè li konnen kòm tiban Wayòm Ini a ak tiban Kenyen an akòz popilarite li nan tou de rejyon yo. === Nok Pagg === Sa a se youn nan estil dastar (tiban Sikh) ki pi komen. Li pi popilè nan eta Punjab, nan peyi Zend. Nok Dastar (ki vle di "tiban ki gen pwent") fèt ak yon twal ki gen de fwa plis lajè pase yon dastar nòmal. Yo pran anviwon 5 mèt oswa plis twal, yo koupe l an de sou longè a, epi yo fè moso ki mezire anviwon 2 oswa 3 mèt. Apre sa, yo koud moso yo ansanm pou fè yon twal ki pi laj, yo rele sa double patti oswa Nok Dastar. Kalite tiban sa a pi gwo pase pifò lòt tiban Sikh yo, men yo pa vlope l anpil fwa bò tèt la. Gen de prensipal estil Nok Dastar: Wattan Wali – Estil sa a gen pli ki sanble ak ti rid sou bò gòch tiban an. Devan tiban an pi plat paske fason twal la pliye a kreye rid olye de pli byen file. Patiala Shahi– Estil sa a gen menm fòm ak Wattan Wali, men li gen liy oswa pli ki byen make sou bò gòch la, yo rele yo larrs. Pli sa yo fè devan tiban an parèt ak yon pwent ki pi pwononse, yo rele nok. Toude estil yo prèske menm fòm; diferans prensipal la se fason twal la pliye sou bò gòch la ak aparans devan tiban an. '''Morni Dastar''' Yon lòt stil Nok komen se Morni Dastar la. Sa a se esansyèlman yon Patiala Shahi pagg ak yon devan byen pwenti (Nok) konpare ak stil Patiala Shahi ki pi plat la, epi yo te ba li non "Morni" (ki vle di "paon" nan lang Punjabi) akòz Nok "ki gen bèk" li a ki sanble ak bèk yon paon. Stil la souvan prezante larhs trè pwòp (liy oswa kouch, tipikman sou bò gòch turban an) epi li trè popilè pami jèn gason nan Punjab akòz aparans elegant, pwòp ak wayal li. Chantè Bhangra Inderjit Nikku se pi popilè pou Dastar style Morni li a epi li te ede ogmante popilarite li nan kòmansman ane 2000 yo, ansanm ak lòt chantè popilè tankou Lehmber Hussainpuri ak Diljit Dosanjh, ki gen chante "Paggan Pochviyan" (tiban pwenti) te lanse l nan selèbrite epi yo te ekri li pou onore style la. '''Chand Tora Dumalla''' [[Fichye:Sikh_triditional_turban_Dumalla.jpg|vignette|Chand Tora Dumalla ak anpil shaster]] Chand Tora Dumalla a se estil tiban Nihang Sikh yo jeneralman mete. Sa a se yon tiban estil gèrye ki fèt pou ale nan batay. "Chand Tora" a se yon senbòl metal ki gen ladan yon kwasan ak yon nepe de bò, li kenbe an plas devan tiban an pa yon kòd chèn trikote mare nan yon modèl andedan tiban an pou pwoteje tèt la kont zam koupe. Sa a pa t tiban batay orijinal la pou Khalsa yo paske Dastar Bunga a te premye a. == Sikh ki gen turban sou yo ap fè fas ak arasman == Apre atak 11 septanm 2001 yo Ozetazini, yon kantite Sikh ki te gen ''dastār'' sou yo te fè fas ak atak nan men kèk Ameriken ki te konfonn yo ak Mizilman, ke yo te asosye ak teworis. Akòz tiban Sikh yo ki sanble ak tiban imama ke [[Oussama ben Laden|Osama bin Laden]] te mete nan foto ki pi ikonik li a, Depatman Lajistis Etazini te travay avèk Fon Defans Legal ak Edikasyon Sikh Ameriken an (SALDEF) pou pibliye yon afich ki te vize fè Ameriken yo familyarize yo ak tiban Sikh yo. == Konfli ak lalwa sivil == [[Fichye:Anti-aircraft_BrenGun.jpg|vignette|Twoup Endyen yo ap itilize yon kanon Bren pandan Kanpay Dezè Lwès la nan Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la. Sòlda Sikh la gen yon ''dastar'' sou li, konpayon li ki pa Sikh la gen yon kas asye Brodie sou li.]] Nan tan modèn yo, te gen konfli ant Sikh yo—sitou moun ki andeyò peyi Zend—ak lwa ki kontredi toujou mete yon ''dastar'' . Sòlda Sikh yo te refize mete kas pandan Premye ak Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la. Anpil Sikh te refize retire ''dastar'' a menm nan prizon. Entelektyèl Sikh ak aktivis sosyal Bhai Randhir Singh te fè jèn pou l te kapab mete yon ''dastar'' nan prizon. Nan Wayòm Ini a, an 1982, direktè yon lekòl prive te refize admèt yon Sikh ortodoks kòm elèv sof si li te retire ''dastar'' a epi koupe cheve l. Sa te mennen nan yon long batay legal, ''Mandla kont Dowell Lee'', yon ka ki te kontribye nan kreyasyon tèm legal " etno-relijye " a. Nan Kanada, an 1990, Lakou Siprèm Kanada a te deside ke Baltej Singh Dhillon, yon ofisye Lapolis Monte Royal Kanadyen an, ta dwe gen dwa mete yon ''dastar'' pandan l ap travay. Gade ka ''Grant v. Canada AG (1995) 125 DLR (4th) 556 (FCA) aff'd (1994) 81 FTR 195 (FCTD) (Reed J.)'' kote tribinal la te di ke ofisye Sikh RCMP a te gen yon dwa konstitisyonèl pou l mete ''dastar'' li a epi ke desizyon gouvènman an pou l te akomode l te nesesè pou pwoteje libète relijyon an: "Defandè yo ak entèvenan yo, patikilyèman agiman Madan Chotalia a ki te byen sèvi pou Asosyasyon Libète Sivil Alberta a, ranvèse agiman demandè yo konsènan diskriminasyon an. Yo diskite ke desizyon Komisyonè a te fèt pou anpeche diskriminasyon rive kont Khalsa Sikh yo. Kidonk, yo diskite ke desizyon sa a pa vyole okenn nan dispozisyon Konstitisyon an, okontrè ke li egzije pa seksyon 15 Konstitisyon an." para 103 Shirish Chotalia, avoka Alberta, te reprezante Sosyete Sikh Calgary, Asosyasyon Libète Sivil Alberta a, ak Zanmi Sikh yo, pro bono. An 2002, Ozetazini, Jasjit Singh Jaggi, yon polisye trafik Sikh ki te travay nan Depatman Lapolis Nouyòk la, te oblije kite travay li paske li te ensiste pou l mete yon ''dastar'' pandan l ap travay. Li te fè yon petisyon bay Komisyon Dwa Moun Nouyòk la, epi an 2004, yon jij ameriken te deside ke yo ta dwe reentegre l nan travay li. An [[Frans]], an 2004, kominote Sikh la te pwoteste kont entwodiksyon yon lwa ki entèdi ekspozisyon nenpòt senbòl relijye nan lekòl leta yo. Komite Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak la te ankouraje Gouvènman franse a pou revize pwojè lwa a, li te deklare ke entèdiksyon an t ap gen konsekans grav pou Sikh yo. Gouvènman Endyen an te diskite sou pwoblèm nan ak ofisyèl franse yo, ki te deklare ke yon eksepsyon pou tigason Sikh ki gen turban nan lekòl piblik franse yo pa posib. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/france-cant-make-exceptions-on-turban-ban-envoy/57330-3.html|title=France can't make exceptions on turban ban: Envoy|date=2008-01-25|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127124909/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/france-cant-make-exceptions-on-turban-ban-envoy/57330-3.html|archive-date=2008-01-27|access-date=2008-01-25}}</ref> An 2007, gouvènman Kanadyen an te entwodui nouvo pwosedi pou akomode Sikh yo anrapò ak foto paspò, lisans pou kondui, ak lòt lisans legal. Pwojè lwa sa a te resevwa sipò tou nan men Konsèy Sikh Kanada a. Nan mwa avril 2009, Kaptèn Kamaljit Singh Kalsi ak 2yèm Lyetnan Tejdeep Singh Rattan te konteste yon lòd Lame Ameriken an ki te mande pou yo retire turban yo epi raze bab yo. Nan mwa mas 2010, Rattan te vin premye Sikh ki te gradye nan Lekòl Ofisye Lame nan Fort Sam Houston depi yo te elimine egzanpsyon an nan lane 1984; yo te akòde yon dispans pou relijyon li. Kalsi pral patisipe tou nan fòmasyon debaz. Nan Ilann, Ravinder Singh Oberoi te aplike pou l vin yon manm fòs polis volontè Garda Reserve la, men yo pa t pèmèt li mete yon ''dastar'' an 2007. Li te fè yon reklamasyon san siksè pou diskriminasyon sou baz ras ak relijyon; Tribinal Siprèm nan te deside an 2013 sou yon kesyon preliminè ke li pa t kapab fè reklamasyon anba lejislasyon egalite nan travay paske li pa t yon anplwaye e li pa t nan fòmasyon pwofesyonèl. Men, an 2019, Komisè Garda Drew Harris te akòde egzanpsyon pou modifikasyon inifòm ki baze sou kòd inifòm Garda a pou pèmèt ofisye ki soti nan kèk kominote etnik mete rad ki gen rapò ak relijyon yo. <ref name="ITD" /> Oberoi ap travay kounye a nan GR a depi Novanm 2020. <ref name="ITD" /> === Egzanp akseptasyon === [[Fichye:OCdt._Sarabjot_Anand,_OCdt._Sarbjeet_Nijher_and_OCdt._Saajandeep_Sarai_represent_Royal_Military_College_of_Canada_at_Sikh_Remembrance_Day_2013.jpg|gauche|vignette|Kade ofisye nan Kolèj Militè Royal Kanada a ki mete yon ''dastar'' . Manm Sikh nan Fòs Ame Kanadyen yo gen dwa mete ''dastar'' la nan pifò sitiyasyon.]] An 2012, medya britanik yo te rapòte ke yon gadyen nan Gad Ekossè yo, Jatinderpal Singh Bhullar, te vin premye Sikh ki te siveye Palè Buckingham nan ak yon ''dastar'' olye de po lous tradisyonèl la. Manm Sikh nan Fòs Ame Kanadyen yo gen dwa mete ''dastar'' a sou tout inifòm nan fòs yo, byenke kòmandan inite a gen dwa bay lòd pou ajisteman si ta gen yon konfli ak sekirite operasyonèl. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/dress-manual/chapter-2/section-3.html#3-14|title=Dress instructions Section 3: Religious and spiritual accommodation|date=11 September 2018|publisher=Government of Canada|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref> Koulè ''dastar'' a pou manm sèvis Sikh nan Lame Kanadyen an, ak Royal Canadian Air Force yo dwe koresponn ak koulè chapo inite yo a. Sikh k ap sèvi nan Royal Canadian Navy yo oblije mete yon ''dastar'' blan lè yo mete kaskèt ak pik, epi yon ''dastar'' nwa lè yo mete bere. Yo dwe mete badj kaskèt inite a tou sou ''dastar'' a. Anplis de sa, gen kèk inite nan Fòs Ame Kanadyen yo ki ajoute yon riban ki koresponn ak koulè rejiman yo, yo mete l kwaze dèyè badj kaskèt la epi rantre l nan do. === Egzanpsyon kas === Nan plizyè pati nan mond lan, siklis Sikh yo egzante de obligasyon legal pou mete yon kas lè y ap monte motosiklèt oswa bisiklèt, sa yo pa ka fè san yo pa retire ''dastar'' a. Kote sa yo enkli [[End|Lend]], [[Nepal]] ak pwovens Kanadyen [[Alberta]], British Columbia, Ontario ak Manitoba . Gen lòt kote tankou [[Malezi]] , [[Hong Kong]], [[Sengapou (peyi)|Singapore]] , [[Tayilann|Thailand]] , ak [[Wayòm Ini]] a. Nan Queensland, Ostrali, moun k ap monte bisiklèt ak scooter mobilite yo egzante de mete yon kas apwouve, men se pa motosiklis yo. An 2008, Baljinder Badesha, yon nonm Sikh k ap viv nan Brampton, Ontario, [[Kanada]], te pèdi yon pwosè kote li te konteste yon tikè $110 li te resevwa paske li te mete yon ''dastar'' olye de yon kas pandan l t ap kondui motosiklèt li. Nan mwa septanm 2016, yon tribinal nan [[Kebèk]], Kanada, te deside ke chofè kamyon Sikh k ap travay nan Pò Monreyal la dwe mete kas pwoteksyon lè sa nesesè pou rezon sekirite, sa ki te egzije yo retire ''dastar'' yo. Jij la te deklare ke sekirite yo te pi enpòtan pase libète relijye yo. Anvan sa, chofè Sikh yo te kapab evite mete kas pwoteksyon si yo te rete andedan machin yo, men sa te ogmante tan chajman an epi li pa t akseptab nan komès. == Fanm Sikh ak turban == Anjeneral, fanm Sikh yo pa mete tiban, eksepte manm sèk Akali-Nihang ak AKJ yo nan Sikhism; genyen tou nouvo mouvman relijye [[3HO]] a (yo rele l yon sèkt yon fason peyoratif). Sepandan, kèk fanm Sikh endikap nan dyaspora a, apati dezyèm jenerasyon an, te kòmanse mete tiban kòm yon mwayen pou egalite ant sèks yo. Dapre ''Sikh Rehat Maryada'' ofisyèl la, kesyon pou fanm Sikh yo mete tiban se opsyonèl e li pa obligatwa ni nesesèman preskri. <ref name=":1" /> == Gade tou == * Dastar bunga * Dumalla * [[Kesh (Sikhi)|Kesh (Sikhism)]] * Khăn vấn * Salai (zegwi) * [[Chola Sikh]] * Sant fòmasyon Turban * Patka * Rumāl == Nòt == {{Nòt}} [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] c9rjazev8374usv6rsm9b9eszgbmsd1 0 97660 882705 2026-07-12T22:41:49Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339307603|Sahib Singh]] » 882705 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Sahib Singh''' (16 fevriye 1892 – 29 oktòb 1977) te yon akademik Sikh ki te fè yon kontribisyon nan literati Sikh . Li te yon [[Lengwistik|grameryen]], otè, entelektyèl ak [[Teyoloji|teyolojyen]] . Li te fèt nan yon fanmi Endou. Papa l se te Hiranand epi yo te rele l Natthu Ram. == Premye lavi == Lè l te jèn, Natthu Ram te fè aprantisaj lakay yon pwofesè Mizilman, Hayat Shah, pitit gason powèt Punjabi Hashim, pou anseye l lang Pès la. Pandan l te nan lekòl primè, li te wè sòlda Sikh yo epi li te tèlman enpresyone avèk yo ke li te deside kenbe [[Kesh (Sikhi)|cheve l san koupe]] . An 1906, lè l te nan nevyèm ane, li te vin [[Khalsa|Amritdhari]] epi li te bay tèt li non " Sahib Singh ". Nan moman sa a, li te sispann aprann Pès epi li te kòmanse aprann Sanskrit, ki pita te ede l konprann [[Guru Granth Sahib]] . <ref name="sikh-history.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sewadars/santsohansingh.html|title=Archived copy|website=sikh-history.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040504081510/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sewadars/santsohansingh.html|archive-date=4 May 2004|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> == Pita nan lavi == Apre li te fin pase dizyèm ane lekòl la, Sahib Singh te antre nan yon lekòl lokal. Pita, li te aplike pou yon travay nan depatman lapòs la, epi li te jwenn travay la, li te prete 20 roupi nan men sèvant li kòm depans vwayaj. Pita, li te kite kay la pou l pousuiv etid siperyè. Li pa t gen okenn kote pou l ale, paske li pa t gen anpil lajan. Apre sa, li te rankontre [[Pundit Vesta Parsad]], yon pwofesè entelektyèl, pou l mande l èd. Sahib Singh te pase FA li a ak yon lisans nan bèl atizay epi li te kòmanse travay nan kolèj Frakka epi pita li te rantre nan kolèj Gujranwala Khalsa. Se nan kolèj sa a li te rankontre Bava Harkrishan Singh ak Bhai Jodh Singh . Sitiyasyon finansyè Sahib Singh te amelyore nan moman sa a, sa te pèmèt li peye dèt li yo. <ref name="sikh-history.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sewadars/santsohansingh.html|title=Archived copy|website=sikh-history.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040504081510/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sewadars/santsohansingh.html|archive-date=4 May 2004|access-date=15 January 2022}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20040504081510/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sewadars/santsohansingh.html "Archived copy"]. </cite></ref> == Anplwa == Lanmò papa li te fè lavi a vin pi difisil pou li. Apre sa, li te antre nan '''Dyal Singh College''' nan Lahore, epi pita nan '''Government College''' nan Lahore, kote li te jwenn diplòm bakaloreya li. An 1917, li te kòmanse travay kòm pwofesè Sanskrit nan '''Nanak Khalsa College''' nan Gujranwala. An 1921, Sahib Singh te vin sekretè jeneral adjwen nan '''SGPC''' (Komite Prabandman Gurdwara Sikh yo). An 1922, li te patisipe nan '''Guru Ka Bagh Morcha''', yon mouvman pwotestasyon Sikh, epi yo te arete li. An 1923, yo te arete li ankò lè li te patisipe nan '''Jaito Morcha'''. An 1927, li te retounen travay nan Gujranwala College, kote li te rete jiska 1936. Apre sa, li te deplase al Amritsar epi li te antre nan '''Khalsa College''' kòm pwofesè Punjabi. Pandan li te nan kolèj sa a, li te rankontre lòt gwo entelektyèl Sikh tankou Teja Singh, Ganda Singh, Veeram Singh ak Mohan Singh. An 1952, li te pran retrèt nan kolèj la epi li te vin direktè '''Shaheed Missionary College''' nan Amritsar. An 1962, li te kite pou l al viv ak pitit gason li nan Sidhwan Bet, toupre Jagroan. Lè pitit gason li te deplase al Patiala, Sahib Singh te kòmanse bay kou nan '''Gurmat College''' nan Patiala. An 1971, '''Punjabi University, Patiala''' te bay li yon doktora nan literati kòm rekonesans pou travay akademik li. == Sante ak maladi == Sahib Singh te souvan soufri maladi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Li te soufri maladi Parkinson  epi li te mouri nan dat 29 oktòb 1977. == Piblikasyon yo == Sahib Singh te ekri anpil nan lang Punjabi, men pifò nan travay li yo te tradui kounye a an anglè, Hindi ak lòt lang enpòtan nan mond lan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jsks.co.in/Professor_Sahib_Singh_Ji.htm|title=Professor Sahib Singh – Books by Professor Sahib Singh Ji – Sikh Gurbani Books by Sahib Singh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829181202/http://www.jsks.co.in/Professor_Sahib_Singh_Ji.htm|archive-date=29 August 2011|access-date=2011-08-17}}</ref> * Savaiye Sri Mukhvak Maihla 5 ate Bhatta De Savaiye Steek (1930) * Jap Ji Sahib Steek (1931) * Asa Di Vaar Steek (1933) * Tris Steek (1935) * Bhattan de Savaiye Steek (1935) * Sukhmani Sahib Steek (1939) * Khulhe Maidan * Jaap Sahib Savaiye Chaupai Steek (1944) * Dasa Varan Steek (1946) * Salok Te Shabad Farid Ji Steek (1946) * Loka Dharmik (1946) * Gurbani Te Itihas Bare (1946) * Burai Da Takra (1946) * Salok Guru Angad Sahib Steek (1948) * Chanan Munare (1949) * Salok Kabir Ji Steek (1949) * Satte Balwand Di Var Steek (1949) * Gurbani Vyakarn (1950) * Chara Varan Steek (1951) * Dharam Te Sadachar (1951) * Sarbat Da Bhala (1951) * Siddh Gost Steek (1957) * Bhagat Bani Steek Pahila Hisa (1959) * Bhagat Bani Steek Duja Hisa (1959) * Bhagat Bani Steek Tija Hisa (1959) * Bhagat Bani Steek Chautha Hisa (1960) * Bhagat Bani Steek Punjvah Hisa (1960) * Sikh Sidak Na Haare (1962) * Jeevan Britant – Guru Nanak Dev Ji * Jeevan Britant – Sri Guru Angad Dev Ji * Jeevan Britant – Sri Guru Amar Das Ji * Jeevan Britant – Sri Guru Ramdas Ji * Jeevan Britant – Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji * Sri Guru Granth Sahib Darpan (Dasa Pothiarn) (1965) * Jeevan Britant - Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji (1966) * Jeevan Britant – Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji * Jeevan Britant – Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji * Jeevan Britant – Sri Guru Har Rai Sahib ak Sri Guru Harkrishan Sahib * Gur Itihas Patshahi 2 ton 9 (1968) * Aad Bir toutouni (1970) * Sikh Sidak Na Hare * Sadachar Lekh (1971) * Simran Diya Barkata (1971) * Barahmaha, Tukhari Te Maajh (1972) * Meri Jeevan Kahani (1977) === Postim === * Nitnem Steek (1979) * Babania Kahanian (1981) * Bani Maihla 9 Steek (2003) == Gade tou == * [[Guru Granth Sahib]] * [[Guru Sikh yo]] * Sikhi {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1892]] [[Kategori:Lanmò 1977]] kx7jp6atj4zt261oplewf6blk1hu4z4 0 97662 882712 2026-07-13T03:10:26Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362706537|Jammu Kashmir Joint Awami Action Committee]] » 882712 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Komite Aksyon Konjwen Awami Jammu Kashmir''' la, [ 1 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/2005462|title=AJK govt bans Joint Awami Action Committee under anti-terrorism act|last=|first=|date=2026-06-05|website=Dawn}}</ref> yo konnen plis sou non '''Komite Aksyon Konjwen Awami''' ( '''JAAC''' ), se yon kowalisyon sosyete sivil lokal <ref name="Greek City Times">{{Cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2024/10/10/unrest-in-pakistans-jammu-and-kashmir-a-struggle-for-economic-justice-and-autonomy/|title=Unrest in Pakistan’s Jammu and Kashmir: A Struggle for Economic Justice and Autonomy Greek City Times|last=|first=|date=2024-10-10|website=Greek City Times}}</ref> ak yon òganizasyon [[Sosyoloji politik|sosyopolitik]] ki baze nan Azad Kashmir, yon rejyon ki anba administrasyon [[Pakistan]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2617085/amp|title=Pakistan PM urges Azad Kashmir protesters to withdraw ‘lockdown’ call — party official|website=Arab News|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> Li te kòmanse kòm yon kowalisyon machann, transpòtè, avoka, etidyan ak lòt gwoup sivik, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1260298-discontent-in-ajk|title=Discontent in AJK|date=2024-12-11|website=The News International}}</ref> epi li te evolye pou l vin tounen yon platfòm pou yon gwo seksyon nan sosyete a pou fè tande yon melanj demand ekonomik ak gouvènans. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/14/unrest-in-pakistani-kashmir-whats-behind-the-recent-wave-of-protests|title=Unrest in Pakistan-administered Kashmir: What’s behind the recent protests?|last=Hussain|first=Abid|date=2026-05-14|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Yo te fonde òganizasyon an an 2023 epi li te fè gwo atak kont Gouvènman Azad Kashmir depi kreyasyon li. Mouvman JAAC la motive pa yon Chatè Revandikasyon konplè ki gen 38 pwen. Revandikasyon sa yo klase an de domèn prensipal: soulajman ekonomik imedya ak chanjman estriktirèl alontèm. Ekonomikman, JAAC la mande pou tarif elektrisite yo redwi anpil pou konsomatè AJK yo, kalkile dapre pri pwodiksyon elektrisite ki pwodui nan pwojè idwoelektrik lokal yo tankou Baraj Mangla a, ak pri farin ble sibvansyone ekivalan a sa yo ofri nan Gilgit-Baltistan vwazen an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1260298-discontent-in-ajk|title=Discontent in AJK|date=2024-12-11|website=The News International}}</ref> Estriktirèlman, mouvman an ensiste sou abolisyon avantaj ak privilèj elit politik la ak biwokrasi a te jwi, epi retire 12 plas nan Asanble Lejislatif AJK a ki aktyèlman rezève pou refijye ki baze nan Pakistan ki soti nan Jammu ak Kashmir ki anba administrasyon End . <ref name="Greek City Times">{{Cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2024/10/10/unrest-in-pakistans-jammu-and-kashmir-a-struggle-for-economic-justice-and-autonomy/|title=Unrest in Pakistan’s Jammu and Kashmir: A Struggle for Economic Justice and Autonomy Greek City Times|last=|first=|date=2024-10-10|website=Greek City Times}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://greekcitytimes.com/2024/10/10/unrest-in-pakistans-jammu-and-kashmir-a-struggle-for-economic-justice-and-autonomy/ "Unrest in Pakistan's Jammu and Kashmir: A Struggle for Economic Justice and Autonomy Greek City Times"]. ''Greek City Times''. 10 October 2024.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2024/04/29/reckless-behavior-of-ajk-govt-major-reason-of-non-payment-of-power-bills-lsdf|title=Reckless behavior of AJK govt major reason of non-payment of power bills: LSDF|date=2024-04-28|website=Pakistan Today}}</ref> Gouvènman Azad Kashmir te entèdi JAAC la anba lwa anti-teworis la nan dat 5 jen 2026. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/2005462|title=AJK govt bans Joint Awami Action Committee under anti-terrorism act|date=2026-06-05|website=Dawn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arab.news/gs83b|title=Azad Kashmir PM invites protesters to resume talks as clashes kill seven|date=2026-06-08|website=Arab News PK}}</ref> Dapre otorite lokal yo, JAAC la swadizan te deja gen konfwontasyon ak lapolis epi li te touye, kidnape, epi tòtire polisye lokal yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.com/International/wireStory/clashes-pakistan-administered-kashmir-kill-7-ahead-planned-133678094|title=Clashes in Pakistan-administered Kashmir kill 7 after court upholds refugee legislative seats|last=Ahmed|first=Munir|date=8 June 2026|website=ABC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/667714-four-personnel-martyred-as-banned-jaac-activists-open-fire-in-rawalakot-police|title=Four personnel martyred as banned JAAC activists open fire in Rawalakot: police|date=2026-06-08|website=Geo News}}</ref> Gouvènman Azad Kashmir la ak manm JAAC yo te konteste akizasyon sa yo, JAAC la deklare ke pèsonèl Fòs Ame Pakistane yo <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/world/16-killed-over-30-injured-as-pakistani-forces-open-fire-on-protesters-in-pakistan-occupied-kashmir-1781193970614|title=16 killed, over 30 injured as Pakistani forces open fire on protesters in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|website=Wion|access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref>, ki gen ladan manm Punjab Rangers yo, te responsab pou asasina, kidnape, ak tòtire manm JAAC yo ak manifestan yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/06/pakistan-terrorism-designation-of-protest-movement-marks-dangerous-escalation-in-jammu-and-kashmir-crackdown/|title=Pakistan: “Terrorism” designation of protest movement marks dangerous escalation in Jammu and Kashmir crackdown|date=2026-06-09|website=Amnesty International}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/insight/rawalakot-killings-escalate-pok-unrest-as-jaac-sets-conditions/gm-GM20B7ED5F?gemSnapshotKey=GM20B7ED5F-snapshot-39&uxmode=ruby|title=MSN|website=www.msn.com|access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arab.news/yuzaj|title=Four law enforcers, three protesters killed in clashes over disputed refugee seats in Azad Kashmir|date=2026-06-08|website=Arab News}}</ref> == Fòmasyon ak premye aktivite yo (2022–2023) == Mouvman JAAC la motive pa yon Chatè Revandikasyon konplè ki gen 38 pwen. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://humenglish.com/pakistan/ajk-unrest-returns-as-jaac-calls-indefinite-shutdown-from-sept-29/|title=AJK unrest returns as JAAC calls 'indefinite shutdown' from Sept 29|date=2025-07-17|website=HUM News English}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2025/11/the-political-shakeup-in-pakistan-administered-kashmir/|title=The Political Shakeup in Pakistan-Administered Kashmir|date=November 2025|website=thediplomat.com}}</ref> Revandikasyon sa yo klase an de domèn prensipal: soulajman ekonomik imedya ak chanjman estriktirèl alontèm. Ekonomikman, JAAC la mande pou tarif elektrisite yo redwi anpil pou konsomatè AJK yo, kalkile dapre pri pwodiksyon elektrisite ki pwodui nan pwojè idwoelektrik lokal yo tankou Baraj Mangla a, ak pri farin ble sibvansyone ekivalan a sa yo ofri nan Gilgit-Baltistan vwazen an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10/3/why-has-pakistan-administered-kashmir-erupted-in-protest-again|title=Why has Pakistan-administered Kashmir erupted in protest again?|last=Hussain|first=Abid|date=2025-10-03|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Estriktirèlman, mouvman an ensiste sou abolisyon avantaj ak privilèj elit politik la ak biwokrasi a te jwi, epi retire 12 plas nan Asanble Lejislatif AJK a ki aktyèlman rezève pou refijye ki baze nan Pakistan ki soti nan Jammu ak Kashmir ki anba administrasyon Endyen an . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2611292/jaac-boycotts-apc-as-parties-reject-refugee-seats-proposal-for-ajk-assembly|title=APC rejects JAAC demand to abolish refugee seats in AJK Assembly|date=2026-06-03|website=The Express Tribune}}</ref> Monte enpòtan JAAC la soti nan kapasite li genyen pou l ini plent fragmenté ak lokalize sou difikilte ekonomik yo nan yon fòs politik kowòdone, nan tout eta a, ki defye fondamantalman sitiyasyon politik la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2025/11/the-political-shakeup-in-pakistan-administered-kashmir/|title=The Political Shakeup in Pakistan-Administered Kashmir|language=en-US|access-date=2026-07-04}}</ref> Demann pou elektrisite nan pri pwodiksyon an deplase diskou a pi lwen pase senp demann sibvansyon nan direksyon yon deba konstitisyonèl konsènan degre otonomi politik AJK a, pwopriyetè resous yo, ak dwa otè ki soti nan enfrastrikti ki eksplwate lokalman, sa ki vle di ke popilasyon AJK a posede dwa pwopriyetè natirèl sou resous ki nan teritwa li. Òganizasyon an wè mouvman li kòm yon repons nesesè a plizyè ane eksplwatasyon ekonomik ak neglijans administratif ke administrasyon AJK a ak Gouvènman Federal Pakistan an te komèt. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1260298-discontent-in-ajk|title=Discontent in AJK|date=2024-12-11|website=The News International|language=en|access-date=2026-07-04}}</ref> Manifestasyon lokal yo kont ogmantasyon pri pwodui ak elektrisite te kòmanse nan kèk pati nan AJK an 2022 ak nan kòmansman 2023, souvan dirije pa asosyasyon komèsan yo ak sendika transpò yo. Manifestasyon sa yo te gen ladan yo moun ki pa peye oswa boule bòdwo elektrisite senbolikman, grèv lokalize pou fèmen pòt yo, ak sit-in; yo te gaye soti nan vil tankou Rawalakot pou ale nan lòt distri pandan gwoup sivik ak òganizasyon etidyan yo te rantre nan kòz la. Pandan ane 2023 la, plizyè komite lokal ak òganizasyon komèsan yo te kowòdone aksyon e — nan mitan mwa septanm 2023 — mouvman an te konsolide nan yon komite aksyon jwenti ki pi laj, nan tout rejyon an, ki te kowòdone apèl grèv ak plan long mach. Kouvèti jounalistik ak kòmantè lokal yo dekri JAAC la kòm yon kowalisyon òganizasyon komès, transpòtè, avoka ak gwoup etidyan ki te vin prensipal platfòm sosyete sivil la pou ajitasyon sa a. <ref name="Shams Rehman">{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee|title='Azad Kashmir's Awakening'? Assessing Two Years of the Joint Awami Action Committee|last=Rehman|first=Shams|date=2025-07-29|website=Kashmir Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250729135102/https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee|archive-date=2025-07-29}}</ref> <ref name="democracy.community">{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com|title=How the March Changed Us {{!}} International Democracy Community|website=democracy.community|access-date=2025-09-29}}</ref> Malgre gouvènman AJK a te eseye fè kèk ti rekonsilyasyon—tankou retire yon pwopozisyon pou ogmante bòdwo elektrisite yo epi kenbe tarif yo nan nivo Jiyè 2023 la, yon desizyon ki swadizan te mete yon chay 10-12 milya roupi sou trezò lokal la—mezi sa yo te pwouve pa ase pou kalme mekontantman jeneral la. Piblik la te rete kritik, sitou lè nou konsidere sibvansyon ki pi favorab yo te bay Gilgit-Baltistan . <ref name="democracy.community">{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com|title=How the March Changed Us {{!}} International Democracy Community|website=democracy.community|access-date=2025-09-29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com "How the March Changed Us | International Democracy Community"]. ''democracy.community''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Mouvman k ap boujonnen an te pran yon momantòm desizif an Me 2023, apre lansman yon sit-in pwolonje devan yon depo farin nan Supply Bazaar, Rawalakot, sitou pou vize pri ble a ki t ap monte anpil. Manifestasyon lokalize sa a te sèvi kòm nwayo òganizasyonèl, li demontre potansyèl sosyete sivil la genyen pou òganize tèt li pou fè fas ak pwoblèm ekonomik imedya. <ref name="Shams Rehman">{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee|title='Azad Kashmir's Awakening'? Assessing Two Years of the Joint Awami Action Committee|last=Rehman|first=Shams|date=2025-07-29|website=Kashmir Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250729135102/https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee|archive-date=2025-07-29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRehman2025">Rehman, Shams (29 July 2025). [https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee "'Azad Kashmir's Awakening'? Assessing Two Years of the Joint Awami Action Committee"]. ''Kashmir Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250729135102/https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee Archived] from the original on 29 July 2025.</cite></ref> Apre fòmasyon komite a, JAAC a te mobilize byen vit sou yon gwo echèl. Rive 10 oktòb 2023, komite a te òganize avèk siksè gwo rasanbleman atravè AJK ki te gen ladan fanm ak timoun. Rezistans sa a te teste men li te mentni menm pandan mwa ivè difisil yo. Nan mwa novanm 2023, JAAC a te òganize yon manifestasyon menm jan an ki finalman te fini apre gouvènman AJK a te bay asirans pou adrese enkyetid yo. Sepandan, echèk gouvènman an pou aplike pwomès sa yo te vin deklanchè dirèk ak santral pou gwo konfwontasyon ki te swiv an 2024. <ref name="democracy.community">{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com|title=How the March Changed Us {{!}} International Democracy Community|website=democracy.community|access-date=2025-09-29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com "How the March Changed Us | International Democracy Community"]. ''democracy.community''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Manifestasyon Azad Kashmir an 2024 == Nan mwa me 2024, yon vag manifestasyon, sit-in, ak grèv ki te dire sis jou te bale AJK. Sa ki te kòmanse kòm demand pou farin sibvansyone ak pi ba tarif elektrisite te vin tounen manifestasyon mas nan gwo vil yo; JAAC te parèt kòm yon òganizatè ak entèrlokuteur prensipal. Lè yo te rekonèt momantòm nan, Komite Aksyon Piblik Muzaffarabad yo te mande yon "gwo mach" an direksyon kapital la nan dat 11 me 2024. Otorite yo te eseye jere sitiyasyon an lè yo te deklare yon jou ferye de jou epi yo te ofisyèlman mande twoup paramilitè ki soti nan Pakistan. Sepandan, tantativ gouvènman an pou anpeche gwo manifestasyon ki te prevwa pou 12 me a lè yo te arete lidè JAAC yo te chofe repons piblik la anpil, sa ki te lakòz afwontman mòtèl. Konfwontasyon ant manifestan yo ak lapolis yo te lakòz viktim, pami yo omwen twa manifestan ak yon ofisye lapolis. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1876518|title=AJK SC suspends controversial protest ordinance|last=Naqash|first=Tariq|date=4 December 2024|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|dawn]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-kashmir-protest-ends-price-hike-7ebbe743ca25de69c6fd48975f16e196|title=Protesters in Pakistan-held Kashmir end rallies that killed 4 after authorities revoke price hikes|date=2024-05-14|website=AP News}}</ref> Nan dat 13 me 2024, Premye Minis Pakistan an , Shehbaz Sharif, te anonse yon sibvansyon federal sibstansyèl ki totalize 23 milya roupi (apeprè 82 milyon dola) pou Azad Kashmir. Apre anons sa a, Premye Minis AJK a , Chaudhry Anwar-ul-Haq, te anonse sibvansyon imedya ak yon rediksyon nan pri sèvis piblik yo. Apre konsesyon sa yo, JAAC a te anonse sispansyon gwo aksyon yo nan dat 14 me 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kashmiriat.com/joint-awami-action-committees-struggle-in-ajk/|title=Joint Awami Action Committee's struggle in AJK|last=|first=|date=9 December 2024|website=Kashmiriat}}</ref> Konsesyon yo te make yon viktwa enpòtan pou JAAC la. Tarif sibvansyone yo te aplike yo te gen ladan yo: * Farin ble: Pri a te redwi anpil soti nan 3,100 roupi pou rive nan 2,000 roupi pou chak 40 kilogram. * Tarif Elektrisite: Yo te redwi pri yo anpil pou konsomatè yo, yo te fikse yo a 3 roupi pou chak kilowat-èdtan (kWh) pou premye 100 inite yo, 5 roupi pou chak kWh pou 100–300 inite, ak 6 roupi pou chak kWh pou konsomasyon ki depase 300 inite. Anplis de sa, yo te etabli yon komisyon jidisyè pou revize privilèj twòp ke gwo fonksyonè gouvènman yo te jwi nan AJK. Pita nan lane 2024, egzekitif AJK a te pibliye Òdonans sou Asanble Pasifik ak Lòd Piblik 2024 la, ke kritik yo te di ki te vize limite kapasite òganizasyon ki pa anrejistre yo pou yo rasanble; mezi a te pwovoke plis manifestasyon ak defi legal epi li te sijè a egzamen jidisyè. Gwoup dwa moun ak gwoup lokal yo te rapòte arestasyon, ka kriminèl kont patisipan yo, ak tansyon kontinyèl ant aktè sivil yo ak gouvènman an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/9/pakistan-administered-kashmir-repeals-protest-restrictions-after-strike|title=Pakistan-administered Kashmir repeals protest restrictions after strike|last=Hussain|first=Abid|date=2024-12-09|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> == Manifestasyon Azad Kashmir an 2025 == JAAC/JKJAAC te re-parèt kòm yon òganizatè mas an 2025 avèk nouvo demand ak yon konstitisyon ki pi laj (lòt nouvèl yo rapòte konstitisyon plizyè pwen ki gen plizyè douzèn atik). Nan fen mwa septanm 2025, kowalisyon an te anonse yon konfinman / fèmti ak grèv pou wou bloke nan tout rejyon an (yon dat pibliye pou 29 septanm), epi lidè yo te mobilize gwo rasanbleman nan Muzaffarabad, Rawalakot, Kotli, Mirpur, Bhimber ak plizyè lòt vil ak bouk. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1945117|title=Govt gears up as AJK braces for tomorrow's lockdown|last=Naqash|first=Tariq|date=28 September 2025|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|dawn]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1944367|title=Azad Kashmir govt, civil society alliance hold talks as Sept 29 lockdown looms|last=Naqash|first=Tariq|date=2025-09-25|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|dawn]]}}</ref> An previzyon gwo dezòd ekonomik ak politik la, Gouvènman Federal Pakistan an te entèveni. Premye Minis Shehbaz Sharif te angaje nan konsiltasyon epi li te ankouraje JAAC piblikman pou retire apèl la, li te pwomèt pou kontakte epi envite reprezantan pou dyalòg. Apre sa, te gen gwo diskisyon maraton ki te enplike negosyatè JAAC yo, gouvènman AJK a, ak de minis federal, Amir Muqam ak Tariq Fazal Chaudhry . Yo rapòte ke negosyasyon yo te dire prèske 13 èdtan. Sepandan, dyalòg la te echwe finalman, li te fini san konklizyon akòz yon blokaj ki pa t ka soti sou de demand estriktirèl kle. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arab.news/wdrnz|title=Pakistan PM urges Azad Kashmir protesters to withdraw 'lockdown' call — party official|date=2025-09-28|website=Arab News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.aaj.tv/news/330436964|title=Shutterdown, wheel jam strike in Azad Jammu and Kashmir|last=|first=|date=29 September 2025|website=Aaj English TV}}</ref> De demand ki te pwouve yo pa t negosyab e ki te lakòz echèk nan chita pale yo se te: * Abolisyon Privilèj Elit yo: Ensiste pou elimine avantaj chè, liks, ak privilèj ke minis, lejislatè, ak biwokrat AJK yo te jwi. * Retire Plas Refijye yo: Yo te mete fen nan 12 plas ki te rezève nan Asanble AJK a pou imigran Kachmir ki tabli nan Pakistan. Negosyatè JAAC yo, ki te dirije pa pèsonalite tankou Shaukat Nawaz Mir, te kite negosyasyon yo, yo te kalifye negosyasyon yo kòm "enkonplè e san konklizyon" epi yo te afime angajman yo pou obsève konfinman endefini an ak "tout fòs". Echèk sa a pou rive nan yon akò konfime ke pandan Federasyon an dispoze soutni AJK finansyèman atravè gwo sibvansyon, li trase yon liy politik fèm sou refòm ki defye enfliyans estriktirèl li oswa menase rezo patronaj politik ki byen anrasinen an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/1375988/pm-shehbaz-asks-ajk-protesters-to-end-protest/|title=PM Shehbaz asks AJK Protesters to end Protest|date=2025-09-29|website=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]}}</ref> === Grèv nan tout eta a === Pou prepare pou konfinman ki te anonse nan dat 29 septanm 2025 la, yo te ranfòse sekirite anpil, epi yo te sele pwen antre ak sòti nan tout rejyon an. Yon bagay enpòtan, yo te sispann sèvis mobil ak entènèt nan gwo pati nan Azad Kashmir, yon mezi Ministè enteryè Pakistan an te bay lòd. Blakawout kominikasyon obligatwa a reflete rekonesans leta a genyen sou kapasite òganizasyonèl avanse JAAC la, sa ki konfime ke mouvman an konsidere kòm yon menas sekirite enpòtan ki jistifye yon entèvansyon leta sevè pou anpeche kowòdinasyon. Malgre mezi represyon sa yo, konfinman endefini an te kòmanse jan yo te prevwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2617085/amp|title=Pakistan PM urges Azad Kashmir protesters to withdraw 'lockdown' call — party official|website=Arab News|access-date=2025-09-29}}</ref> Grèv la te vin vyolan lè afwontman te eklate nan Pon Neelum ant aktivis JKJAAC yo ak manm Konferans Mizilman an, pandan afwontman Raja Saqib Majeed ak frè li te tire plizyè moun blese epi yon manifestan, Sudheer, te mouri. Ensidan an te pwovoke pi gwo manifestasyon nan Muzaffarabad ak lòt distri yo, ak lidè JKJAAC yo ki te kondane vyolans lan epi ki te pwomèt pou kontinye manifestasyon yo jiskaske yo jwenn repons pou demand yo. Otorite yo te nye akizasyon fòs twòp epi yo te pwomèt pou yo pran aksyon legal kont manifestan yo, pandan ke ofisyèl federal yo tankou Amir Muqam ak Tariq Fazal te mande pou yon nouvo dyalòg. <ref name="ET 30 Sep 2025">{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2569750/strike-brings-ajk-to-standstill-turns-violent|title=AJK strike over constitutional demands kills one, internet remains suspended|last=Hanif|first=Usman|date=30 September 2025|website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref> Apre vyolans lan, lidè JKJAAC a, Shaukat Nawaz Mir, te pale devan prèske 5,000 moun nan Lal Chowk, Muzaffarabad, kote li te klarifye ke mouvman an pa gen okenn ostilite anvè Lame Pakistan an e li pa pral aji kont li. Li te anonse ke yon rasanbleman pral fèt sou Neelum Road nan Chehlabandi ak kò Sudheer, manifestan ki te mouri nan afwontman yo. Mir te rejte tou rapò medya pakistanè yo ki te deklare ke pèsonn pa t patisipe nan manifestasyon yo, li te kalifye yo kòm tantativ fabrike pou montre sitiyasyon an kòm nòmal. An menm tan, dyaspora Kachmir la te òganize manifestasyon solidarite nan [[Lonn|Lond]] ak Bradford, kote Raja Amjad Ali Khan te fè yon diskou devan konsila pakistanè a. Pandansetan, ajans ki aplike lalwa nan AJK te avèti manifestan yo ke si pwopriyete piblik la te domaje oswa lavi nòmal te deranje, yo pral pran aksyon ki pi sevè. <ref name="ET 30 Sep 2025">{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2569750/strike-brings-ajk-to-standstill-turns-violent|title=AJK strike over constitutional demands kills one, internet remains suspended|last=Hanif|first=Usman|date=30 September 2025|website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHanif2025">Hanif, Usman (30 September 2025). [https://tribune.com.pk/story/2569750/strike-brings-ajk-to-standstill-turns-violent "AJK strike over constitutional demands kills one, internet remains suspended"]. ''[[The Express Tribune]]''.</cite></ref> Gen yon apèl pou yon grèv fèmen pòt nan eta a pou 9 jen 2026. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-kashmir-police-protest-006859907010f8f66cf4fb5ceb2ec6cb|title=Police arrest supporters of banned group ahead of rally in Pakistan-administered Kashmir|date=2026-06-06|website=AP News}}</ref> == Manifestasyon Azad Kashmir an 2026 == An 2026, manifestasyon ki te fèt nan Azad Kashmir yo te yon seri demonstrasyon, grèv, ak konfli ki te dewoule atravè AJK pandan mwa jen 2026. Manifestasyon yo te òganize sitou pa JAAC pou opoze ak 12 plas ki rezève nan Asanble Lejislatif AJK pou refijye ki soti nan Kashmir ki anba administrasyon Endyen, men ki ap viv nan pwovens Pakistan yo (deyò AJK). Tansyon yo te vin pi grav apre gouvènman AJK la te entèdi JAAC epi li te lanse operasyon sekirite kont lidè òganizasyon an. Jammu Kashmir Joint Awami Action Committee (JAAC) te vin tounen yon gwo mouvman politik ak sosyal nan Azad Kashmir pandan manifestasyon ki te fèt an 2024 sou kestyon pri elektrisite, sibvansyon farin, ak depans gouvènman an. Apre manifestasyon sa yo, òganizasyon an te elaji pwogram li pou enkli refòm konstitisyonèl ak politik. Youn nan prensipal revandikasyon JAAC se te elimine 12 plas nan asanble lejislatif la ki rezève pou refijye ki soti nan Kashmir ki anba administrasyon Endyen epi k ap viv deyò AJK. JAAC te fè konnen moun ki pa rete nan Azad Kashmir pa ta dwe patisipe nan eleksyon reprezantan pou lejislati AJK la. Nan kòmansman mwa jen 2026, Tribinal Siprèm Azad Jammu ak Kashmir te deside ke plas ki rezève pou refijye yo pwoteje pa kad konstitisyonèl la epi yo pa ka elimine san yon amannman konstitisyonèl. Apre desizyon sa a, JAAC te anonse manifestasyon ak yon mach long pou rive Muzaffarabad. Gouvènman an te deklare JAAC kòm yon òganizasyon entèdi epi li te kòmanse pwosedi legal kont plizyè nan lidè li yo. Nan dat 8 jen 2026, te gen konfli ant manifestan yo ak fòs sekirite yo nan Rawalakot ak lòt kote. Manifestan yo te mete baryè sou wout yo epi yo te òganize grèv, pandan otorite yo te deplwaye lapolis ak fòs paramilitè pou kenbe lòd. Dapre rapò medya entènasyonal yo, omwen 11 moun te mouri epi plizyè dizèn lòt te blese pandan dezòd yo. Pifò lanmò yo te rive pandan konfwontasyon nan Rawalakot, nan Distri Poonch. Nan dat 9 jen 2026, JAAC te lanse yon grèv nan tout rejyon an. Sant komèsyal yo, sèvis transpò yo, ak mache yo te fèmen nan plizyè distri, tankou Muzaffarabad, Poonch, Bagh, ak Mirpur. Otorite yo te ranfòse mezi sekirite atravè tout teritwa a. Gouvènman Azad Jammu ak Kashmir te defann aksyon li yo kòm mezi ki nesesè pou prezève lòd piblik ak pwoteje enstitisyon konstitisyonèl yo. Otorite yo te mete restriksyon an plas, fè arestasyon, epi bay manda kont plizyè lidè JAAC. Òganizasyon ki defann dwa moun yo te eksprime enkyetid konsènan itilizasyon fòs kont manifestan yo, arestasyon aktivis yo, ak restriksyon sou kominikasyon yo. Obsèvatè politik yo te dekri manifestasyon sa yo kòm youn nan epizòd dezòd sivil ki pi enpòtan nan Azad Kashmir pandan dènye ane yo. == Nòt == {{Nòt}} == Referans == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Referans}} [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] 137kq7l4hl7e1rvoydb1qfo6zmnaku6 882713 882712 2026-07-13T03:12:34Z 1104s72 38991 882713 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Komite Aksyon Konjwen Awami Jammu Kashmir''' la, [ 1 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/2005462|title=AJK govt bans Joint Awami Action Committee under anti-terrorism act|last=|first=|date=2026-06-05|website=Dawn}}</ref> yo konnen plis sou non '''Komite Aksyon Konjwen Awami''' oswa '''Joint Awami Action Committee''' ( '''JAAC''' ), se yon kowalisyon sosyete sivil lokal <ref name="Greek City Times">{{Cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2024/10/10/unrest-in-pakistans-jammu-and-kashmir-a-struggle-for-economic-justice-and-autonomy/|title=Unrest in Pakistan’s Jammu and Kashmir: A Struggle for Economic Justice and Autonomy Greek City Times|last=|first=|date=2024-10-10|website=Greek City Times}}</ref> ak yon òganizasyon [[Sosyoloji politik|sosyopolitik]] ki baze nan Azad Kashmir, yon rejyon ki anba administrasyon [[Pakistan]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2617085/amp|title=Pakistan PM urges Azad Kashmir protesters to withdraw ‘lockdown’ call — party official|website=Arab News|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> Li te kòmanse kòm yon kowalisyon machann, transpòtè, avoka, etidyan ak lòt gwoup sivik, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1260298-discontent-in-ajk|title=Discontent in AJK|date=2024-12-11|website=The News International}}</ref> epi li te evolye pou l vin tounen yon platfòm pou yon gwo seksyon nan sosyete a pou fè tande yon melanj demand ekonomik ak gouvènans. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/14/unrest-in-pakistani-kashmir-whats-behind-the-recent-wave-of-protests|title=Unrest in Pakistan-administered Kashmir: What’s behind the recent protests?|last=Hussain|first=Abid|date=2026-05-14|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Yo te fonde òganizasyon an an 2023 epi li te fè gwo atak kont Gouvènman Azad Kashmir depi kreyasyon li. Mouvman JAAC la motive pa yon Chatè Revandikasyon konplè ki gen 38 pwen. Revandikasyon sa yo klase an de domèn prensipal: soulajman ekonomik imedya ak chanjman estriktirèl alontèm. Ekonomikman, JAAC la mande pou tarif elektrisite yo redwi anpil pou konsomatè AJK yo, kalkile dapre pri pwodiksyon elektrisite ki pwodui nan pwojè idwoelektrik lokal yo tankou Baraj Mangla a, ak pri farin ble sibvansyone ekivalan a sa yo ofri nan Gilgit-Baltistan vwazen an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1260298-discontent-in-ajk|title=Discontent in AJK|date=2024-12-11|website=The News International}}</ref> Estriktirèlman, mouvman an ensiste sou abolisyon avantaj ak privilèj elit politik la ak biwokrasi a te jwi, epi retire 12 plas nan Asanble Lejislatif AJK a ki aktyèlman rezève pou refijye ki baze nan Pakistan ki soti nan Jammu ak Kashmir ki anba administrasyon End . <ref name="Greek City Times">{{Cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2024/10/10/unrest-in-pakistans-jammu-and-kashmir-a-struggle-for-economic-justice-and-autonomy/|title=Unrest in Pakistan’s Jammu and Kashmir: A Struggle for Economic Justice and Autonomy Greek City Times|last=|first=|date=2024-10-10|website=Greek City Times}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://greekcitytimes.com/2024/10/10/unrest-in-pakistans-jammu-and-kashmir-a-struggle-for-economic-justice-and-autonomy/ "Unrest in Pakistan's Jammu and Kashmir: A Struggle for Economic Justice and Autonomy Greek City Times"]. ''Greek City Times''. 10 October 2024.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2024/04/29/reckless-behavior-of-ajk-govt-major-reason-of-non-payment-of-power-bills-lsdf|title=Reckless behavior of AJK govt major reason of non-payment of power bills: LSDF|date=2024-04-28|website=Pakistan Today}}</ref> Gouvènman Azad Kashmir te entèdi JAAC la anba lwa anti-teworis la nan dat 5 jen 2026. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/2005462|title=AJK govt bans Joint Awami Action Committee under anti-terrorism act|date=2026-06-05|website=Dawn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arab.news/gs83b|title=Azad Kashmir PM invites protesters to resume talks as clashes kill seven|date=2026-06-08|website=Arab News PK}}</ref> Dapre otorite lokal yo, JAAC la swadizan te deja gen konfwontasyon ak lapolis epi li te touye, kidnape, epi tòtire polisye lokal yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.com/International/wireStory/clashes-pakistan-administered-kashmir-kill-7-ahead-planned-133678094|title=Clashes in Pakistan-administered Kashmir kill 7 after court upholds refugee legislative seats|last=Ahmed|first=Munir|date=8 June 2026|website=ABC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/667714-four-personnel-martyred-as-banned-jaac-activists-open-fire-in-rawalakot-police|title=Four personnel martyred as banned JAAC activists open fire in Rawalakot: police|date=2026-06-08|website=Geo News}}</ref> Gouvènman Azad Kashmir la ak manm JAAC yo te konteste akizasyon sa yo, JAAC la deklare ke pèsonèl Fòs Ame Pakistane yo <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/world/16-killed-over-30-injured-as-pakistani-forces-open-fire-on-protesters-in-pakistan-occupied-kashmir-1781193970614|title=16 killed, over 30 injured as Pakistani forces open fire on protesters in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|website=Wion|access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref>, ki gen ladan manm Punjab Rangers yo, te responsab pou asasina, kidnape, ak tòtire manm JAAC yo ak manifestan yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/06/pakistan-terrorism-designation-of-protest-movement-marks-dangerous-escalation-in-jammu-and-kashmir-crackdown/|title=Pakistan: “Terrorism” designation of protest movement marks dangerous escalation in Jammu and Kashmir crackdown|date=2026-06-09|website=Amnesty International}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/insight/rawalakot-killings-escalate-pok-unrest-as-jaac-sets-conditions/gm-GM20B7ED5F?gemSnapshotKey=GM20B7ED5F-snapshot-39&uxmode=ruby|title=MSN|website=www.msn.com|access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arab.news/yuzaj|title=Four law enforcers, three protesters killed in clashes over disputed refugee seats in Azad Kashmir|date=2026-06-08|website=Arab News}}</ref> == Fòmasyon ak premye aktivite yo (2022–2023) == Mouvman JAAC la motive pa yon Chatè Revandikasyon konplè ki gen 38 pwen. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://humenglish.com/pakistan/ajk-unrest-returns-as-jaac-calls-indefinite-shutdown-from-sept-29/|title=AJK unrest returns as JAAC calls 'indefinite shutdown' from Sept 29|date=2025-07-17|website=HUM News English}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2025/11/the-political-shakeup-in-pakistan-administered-kashmir/|title=The Political Shakeup in Pakistan-Administered Kashmir|date=November 2025|website=thediplomat.com}}</ref> Revandikasyon sa yo klase an de domèn prensipal: soulajman ekonomik imedya ak chanjman estriktirèl alontèm. Ekonomikman, JAAC la mande pou tarif elektrisite yo redwi anpil pou konsomatè AJK yo, kalkile dapre pri pwodiksyon elektrisite ki pwodui nan pwojè idwoelektrik lokal yo tankou Baraj Mangla a, ak pri farin ble sibvansyone ekivalan a sa yo ofri nan Gilgit-Baltistan vwazen an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10/3/why-has-pakistan-administered-kashmir-erupted-in-protest-again|title=Why has Pakistan-administered Kashmir erupted in protest again?|last=Hussain|first=Abid|date=2025-10-03|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Estriktirèlman, mouvman an ensiste sou abolisyon avantaj ak privilèj elit politik la ak biwokrasi a te jwi, epi retire 12 plas nan Asanble Lejislatif AJK a ki aktyèlman rezève pou refijye ki baze nan Pakistan ki soti nan Jammu ak Kashmir ki anba administrasyon Endyen an . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2611292/jaac-boycotts-apc-as-parties-reject-refugee-seats-proposal-for-ajk-assembly|title=APC rejects JAAC demand to abolish refugee seats in AJK Assembly|date=2026-06-03|website=The Express Tribune}}</ref> Monte enpòtan JAAC la soti nan kapasite li genyen pou l ini plent fragmenté ak lokalize sou difikilte ekonomik yo nan yon fòs politik kowòdone, nan tout eta a, ki defye fondamantalman sitiyasyon politik la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2025/11/the-political-shakeup-in-pakistan-administered-kashmir/|title=The Political Shakeup in Pakistan-Administered Kashmir|language=en-US|access-date=2026-07-04}}</ref> Demann pou elektrisite nan pri pwodiksyon an deplase diskou a pi lwen pase senp demann sibvansyon nan direksyon yon deba konstitisyonèl konsènan degre otonomi politik AJK a, pwopriyetè resous yo, ak dwa otè ki soti nan enfrastrikti ki eksplwate lokalman, sa ki vle di ke popilasyon AJK a posede dwa pwopriyetè natirèl sou resous ki nan teritwa li. Òganizasyon an wè mouvman li kòm yon repons nesesè a plizyè ane eksplwatasyon ekonomik ak neglijans administratif ke administrasyon AJK a ak Gouvènman Federal Pakistan an te komèt. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1260298-discontent-in-ajk|title=Discontent in AJK|date=2024-12-11|website=The News International|language=en|access-date=2026-07-04}}</ref> Manifestasyon lokal yo kont ogmantasyon pri pwodui ak elektrisite te kòmanse nan kèk pati nan AJK an 2022 ak nan kòmansman 2023, souvan dirije pa asosyasyon komèsan yo ak sendika transpò yo. Manifestasyon sa yo te gen ladan yo moun ki pa peye oswa boule bòdwo elektrisite senbolikman, grèv lokalize pou fèmen pòt yo, ak sit-in; yo te gaye soti nan vil tankou Rawalakot pou ale nan lòt distri pandan gwoup sivik ak òganizasyon etidyan yo te rantre nan kòz la. Pandan ane 2023 la, plizyè komite lokal ak òganizasyon komèsan yo te kowòdone aksyon e — nan mitan mwa septanm 2023 — mouvman an te konsolide nan yon komite aksyon jwenti ki pi laj, nan tout rejyon an, ki te kowòdone apèl grèv ak plan long mach. Kouvèti jounalistik ak kòmantè lokal yo dekri JAAC la kòm yon kowalisyon òganizasyon komès, transpòtè, avoka ak gwoup etidyan ki te vin prensipal platfòm sosyete sivil la pou ajitasyon sa a. <ref name="Shams Rehman">{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee|title='Azad Kashmir's Awakening'? Assessing Two Years of the Joint Awami Action Committee|last=Rehman|first=Shams|date=2025-07-29|website=Kashmir Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250729135102/https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee|archive-date=2025-07-29}}</ref> <ref name="democracy.community">{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com|title=How the March Changed Us {{!}} International Democracy Community|website=democracy.community|access-date=2025-09-29}}</ref> Malgre gouvènman AJK a te eseye fè kèk ti rekonsilyasyon—tankou retire yon pwopozisyon pou ogmante bòdwo elektrisite yo epi kenbe tarif yo nan nivo Jiyè 2023 la, yon desizyon ki swadizan te mete yon chay 10-12 milya roupi sou trezò lokal la—mezi sa yo te pwouve pa ase pou kalme mekontantman jeneral la. Piblik la te rete kritik, sitou lè nou konsidere sibvansyon ki pi favorab yo te bay Gilgit-Baltistan . <ref name="democracy.community">{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com|title=How the March Changed Us {{!}} International Democracy Community|website=democracy.community|access-date=2025-09-29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com "How the March Changed Us | International Democracy Community"]. ''democracy.community''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Mouvman k ap boujonnen an te pran yon momantòm desizif an Me 2023, apre lansman yon sit-in pwolonje devan yon depo farin nan Supply Bazaar, Rawalakot, sitou pou vize pri ble a ki t ap monte anpil. Manifestasyon lokalize sa a te sèvi kòm nwayo òganizasyonèl, li demontre potansyèl sosyete sivil la genyen pou òganize tèt li pou fè fas ak pwoblèm ekonomik imedya. <ref name="Shams Rehman">{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee|title='Azad Kashmir's Awakening'? Assessing Two Years of the Joint Awami Action Committee|last=Rehman|first=Shams|date=2025-07-29|website=Kashmir Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250729135102/https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee|archive-date=2025-07-29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRehman2025">Rehman, Shams (29 July 2025). [https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee "'Azad Kashmir's Awakening'? Assessing Two Years of the Joint Awami Action Committee"]. ''Kashmir Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250729135102/https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee Archived] from the original on 29 July 2025.</cite></ref> Apre fòmasyon komite a, JAAC a te mobilize byen vit sou yon gwo echèl. Rive 10 oktòb 2023, komite a te òganize avèk siksè gwo rasanbleman atravè AJK ki te gen ladan fanm ak timoun. Rezistans sa a te teste men li te mentni menm pandan mwa ivè difisil yo. Nan mwa novanm 2023, JAAC a te òganize yon manifestasyon menm jan an ki finalman te fini apre gouvènman AJK a te bay asirans pou adrese enkyetid yo. Sepandan, echèk gouvènman an pou aplike pwomès sa yo te vin deklanchè dirèk ak santral pou gwo konfwontasyon ki te swiv an 2024. <ref name="democracy.community">{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com|title=How the March Changed Us {{!}} International Democracy Community|website=democracy.community|access-date=2025-09-29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com "How the March Changed Us | International Democracy Community"]. ''democracy.community''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Manifestasyon Azad Kashmir an 2024 == Nan mwa me 2024, yon vag manifestasyon, sit-in, ak grèv ki te dire sis jou te bale AJK. Sa ki te kòmanse kòm demand pou farin sibvansyone ak pi ba tarif elektrisite te vin tounen manifestasyon mas nan gwo vil yo; JAAC te parèt kòm yon òganizatè ak entèrlokuteur prensipal. Lè yo te rekonèt momantòm nan, Komite Aksyon Piblik Muzaffarabad yo te mande yon "gwo mach" an direksyon kapital la nan dat 11 me 2024. Otorite yo te eseye jere sitiyasyon an lè yo te deklare yon jou ferye de jou epi yo te ofisyèlman mande twoup paramilitè ki soti nan Pakistan. Sepandan, tantativ gouvènman an pou anpeche gwo manifestasyon ki te prevwa pou 12 me a lè yo te arete lidè JAAC yo te chofe repons piblik la anpil, sa ki te lakòz afwontman mòtèl. Konfwontasyon ant manifestan yo ak lapolis yo te lakòz viktim, pami yo omwen twa manifestan ak yon ofisye lapolis. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1876518|title=AJK SC suspends controversial protest ordinance|last=Naqash|first=Tariq|date=4 December 2024|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|dawn]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-kashmir-protest-ends-price-hike-7ebbe743ca25de69c6fd48975f16e196|title=Protesters in Pakistan-held Kashmir end rallies that killed 4 after authorities revoke price hikes|date=2024-05-14|website=AP News}}</ref> Nan dat 13 me 2024, Premye Minis Pakistan an , Shehbaz Sharif, te anonse yon sibvansyon federal sibstansyèl ki totalize 23 milya roupi (apeprè 82 milyon dola) pou Azad Kashmir. Apre anons sa a, Premye Minis AJK a , Chaudhry Anwar-ul-Haq, te anonse sibvansyon imedya ak yon rediksyon nan pri sèvis piblik yo. Apre konsesyon sa yo, JAAC a te anonse sispansyon gwo aksyon yo nan dat 14 me 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kashmiriat.com/joint-awami-action-committees-struggle-in-ajk/|title=Joint Awami Action Committee's struggle in AJK|last=|first=|date=9 December 2024|website=Kashmiriat}}</ref> Konsesyon yo te make yon viktwa enpòtan pou JAAC la. Tarif sibvansyone yo te aplike yo te gen ladan yo: * Farin ble: Pri a te redwi anpil soti nan 3,100 roupi pou rive nan 2,000 roupi pou chak 40 kilogram. * Tarif Elektrisite: Yo te redwi pri yo anpil pou konsomatè yo, yo te fikse yo a 3 roupi pou chak kilowat-èdtan (kWh) pou premye 100 inite yo, 5 roupi pou chak kWh pou 100–300 inite, ak 6 roupi pou chak kWh pou konsomasyon ki depase 300 inite. Anplis de sa, yo te etabli yon komisyon jidisyè pou revize privilèj twòp ke gwo fonksyonè gouvènman yo te jwi nan AJK. Pita nan lane 2024, egzekitif AJK a te pibliye Òdonans sou Asanble Pasifik ak Lòd Piblik 2024 la, ke kritik yo te di ki te vize limite kapasite òganizasyon ki pa anrejistre yo pou yo rasanble; mezi a te pwovoke plis manifestasyon ak defi legal epi li te sijè a egzamen jidisyè. Gwoup dwa moun ak gwoup lokal yo te rapòte arestasyon, ka kriminèl kont patisipan yo, ak tansyon kontinyèl ant aktè sivil yo ak gouvènman an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/9/pakistan-administered-kashmir-repeals-protest-restrictions-after-strike|title=Pakistan-administered Kashmir repeals protest restrictions after strike|last=Hussain|first=Abid|date=2024-12-09|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> == Manifestasyon Azad Kashmir an 2025 == JAAC/JKJAAC te re-parèt kòm yon òganizatè mas an 2025 avèk nouvo demand ak yon konstitisyon ki pi laj (lòt nouvèl yo rapòte konstitisyon plizyè pwen ki gen plizyè douzèn atik). Nan fen mwa septanm 2025, kowalisyon an te anonse yon konfinman / fèmti ak grèv pou wou bloke nan tout rejyon an (yon dat pibliye pou 29 septanm), epi lidè yo te mobilize gwo rasanbleman nan Muzaffarabad, Rawalakot, Kotli, Mirpur, Bhimber ak plizyè lòt vil ak bouk. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1945117|title=Govt gears up as AJK braces for tomorrow's lockdown|last=Naqash|first=Tariq|date=28 September 2025|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|dawn]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1944367|title=Azad Kashmir govt, civil society alliance hold talks as Sept 29 lockdown looms|last=Naqash|first=Tariq|date=2025-09-25|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|dawn]]}}</ref> An previzyon gwo dezòd ekonomik ak politik la, Gouvènman Federal Pakistan an te entèveni. Premye Minis Shehbaz Sharif te angaje nan konsiltasyon epi li te ankouraje JAAC piblikman pou retire apèl la, li te pwomèt pou kontakte epi envite reprezantan pou dyalòg. Apre sa, te gen gwo diskisyon maraton ki te enplike negosyatè JAAC yo, gouvènman AJK a, ak de minis federal, Amir Muqam ak Tariq Fazal Chaudhry . Yo rapòte ke negosyasyon yo te dire prèske 13 èdtan. Sepandan, dyalòg la te echwe finalman, li te fini san konklizyon akòz yon blokaj ki pa t ka soti sou de demand estriktirèl kle. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arab.news/wdrnz|title=Pakistan PM urges Azad Kashmir protesters to withdraw 'lockdown' call — party official|date=2025-09-28|website=Arab News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.aaj.tv/news/330436964|title=Shutterdown, wheel jam strike in Azad Jammu and Kashmir|last=|first=|date=29 September 2025|website=Aaj English TV}}</ref> De demand ki te pwouve yo pa t negosyab e ki te lakòz echèk nan chita pale yo se te: * Abolisyon Privilèj Elit yo: Ensiste pou elimine avantaj chè, liks, ak privilèj ke minis, lejislatè, ak biwokrat AJK yo te jwi. * Retire Plas Refijye yo: Yo te mete fen nan 12 plas ki te rezève nan Asanble AJK a pou imigran Kachmir ki tabli nan Pakistan. Negosyatè JAAC yo, ki te dirije pa pèsonalite tankou Shaukat Nawaz Mir, te kite negosyasyon yo, yo te kalifye negosyasyon yo kòm "enkonplè e san konklizyon" epi yo te afime angajman yo pou obsève konfinman endefini an ak "tout fòs". Echèk sa a pou rive nan yon akò konfime ke pandan Federasyon an dispoze soutni AJK finansyèman atravè gwo sibvansyon, li trase yon liy politik fèm sou refòm ki defye enfliyans estriktirèl li oswa menase rezo patronaj politik ki byen anrasinen an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/1375988/pm-shehbaz-asks-ajk-protesters-to-end-protest/|title=PM Shehbaz asks AJK Protesters to end Protest|date=2025-09-29|website=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]}}</ref> === Grèv nan tout eta a === Pou prepare pou konfinman ki te anonse nan dat 29 septanm 2025 la, yo te ranfòse sekirite anpil, epi yo te sele pwen antre ak sòti nan tout rejyon an. Yon bagay enpòtan, yo te sispann sèvis mobil ak entènèt nan gwo pati nan Azad Kashmir, yon mezi Ministè enteryè Pakistan an te bay lòd. Blakawout kominikasyon obligatwa a reflete rekonesans leta a genyen sou kapasite òganizasyonèl avanse JAAC la, sa ki konfime ke mouvman an konsidere kòm yon menas sekirite enpòtan ki jistifye yon entèvansyon leta sevè pou anpeche kowòdinasyon. Malgre mezi represyon sa yo, konfinman endefini an te kòmanse jan yo te prevwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2617085/amp|title=Pakistan PM urges Azad Kashmir protesters to withdraw 'lockdown' call — party official|website=Arab News|access-date=2025-09-29}}</ref> Grèv la te vin vyolan lè afwontman te eklate nan Pon Neelum ant aktivis JKJAAC yo ak manm Konferans Mizilman an, pandan afwontman Raja Saqib Majeed ak frè li te tire plizyè moun blese epi yon manifestan, Sudheer, te mouri. Ensidan an te pwovoke pi gwo manifestasyon nan Muzaffarabad ak lòt distri yo, ak lidè JKJAAC yo ki te kondane vyolans lan epi ki te pwomèt pou kontinye manifestasyon yo jiskaske yo jwenn repons pou demand yo. Otorite yo te nye akizasyon fòs twòp epi yo te pwomèt pou yo pran aksyon legal kont manifestan yo, pandan ke ofisyèl federal yo tankou Amir Muqam ak Tariq Fazal te mande pou yon nouvo dyalòg. <ref name="ET 30 Sep 2025">{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2569750/strike-brings-ajk-to-standstill-turns-violent|title=AJK strike over constitutional demands kills one, internet remains suspended|last=Hanif|first=Usman|date=30 September 2025|website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref> Apre vyolans lan, lidè JKJAAC a, Shaukat Nawaz Mir, te pale devan prèske 5,000 moun nan Lal Chowk, Muzaffarabad, kote li te klarifye ke mouvman an pa gen okenn ostilite anvè Lame Pakistan an e li pa pral aji kont li. Li te anonse ke yon rasanbleman pral fèt sou Neelum Road nan Chehlabandi ak kò Sudheer, manifestan ki te mouri nan afwontman yo. Mir te rejte tou rapò medya pakistanè yo ki te deklare ke pèsonn pa t patisipe nan manifestasyon yo, li te kalifye yo kòm tantativ fabrike pou montre sitiyasyon an kòm nòmal. An menm tan, dyaspora Kachmir la te òganize manifestasyon solidarite nan [[Lonn|Lond]] ak Bradford, kote Raja Amjad Ali Khan te fè yon diskou devan konsila pakistanè a. Pandansetan, ajans ki aplike lalwa nan AJK te avèti manifestan yo ke si pwopriyete piblik la te domaje oswa lavi nòmal te deranje, yo pral pran aksyon ki pi sevè. <ref name="ET 30 Sep 2025">{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2569750/strike-brings-ajk-to-standstill-turns-violent|title=AJK strike over constitutional demands kills one, internet remains suspended|last=Hanif|first=Usman|date=30 September 2025|website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHanif2025">Hanif, Usman (30 September 2025). [https://tribune.com.pk/story/2569750/strike-brings-ajk-to-standstill-turns-violent "AJK strike over constitutional demands kills one, internet remains suspended"]. ''[[The Express Tribune]]''.</cite></ref> Gen yon apèl pou yon grèv fèmen pòt nan eta a pou 9 jen 2026. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-kashmir-police-protest-006859907010f8f66cf4fb5ceb2ec6cb|title=Police arrest supporters of banned group ahead of rally in Pakistan-administered Kashmir|date=2026-06-06|website=AP News}}</ref> == Manifestasyon Azad Kashmir an 2026 == An 2026, manifestasyon ki te fèt nan Azad Kashmir yo te yon seri demonstrasyon, grèv, ak konfli ki te dewoule atravè AJK pandan mwa jen 2026. Manifestasyon yo te òganize sitou pa JAAC pou opoze ak 12 plas ki rezève nan Asanble Lejislatif AJK pou refijye ki soti nan Kashmir ki anba administrasyon Endyen, men ki ap viv nan pwovens Pakistan yo (deyò AJK). Tansyon yo te vin pi grav apre gouvènman AJK la te entèdi JAAC epi li te lanse operasyon sekirite kont lidè òganizasyon an. Jammu Kashmir Joint Awami Action Committee (JAAC) te vin tounen yon gwo mouvman politik ak sosyal nan Azad Kashmir pandan manifestasyon ki te fèt an 2024 sou kestyon pri elektrisite, sibvansyon farin, ak depans gouvènman an. Apre manifestasyon sa yo, òganizasyon an te elaji pwogram li pou enkli refòm konstitisyonèl ak politik. Youn nan prensipal revandikasyon JAAC se te elimine 12 plas nan asanble lejislatif la ki rezève pou refijye ki soti nan Kashmir ki anba administrasyon Endyen epi k ap viv deyò AJK. JAAC te fè konnen moun ki pa rete nan Azad Kashmir pa ta dwe patisipe nan eleksyon reprezantan pou lejislati AJK la. Nan kòmansman mwa jen 2026, Tribinal Siprèm Azad Jammu ak Kashmir te deside ke plas ki rezève pou refijye yo pwoteje pa kad konstitisyonèl la epi yo pa ka elimine san yon amannman konstitisyonèl. Apre desizyon sa a, JAAC te anonse manifestasyon ak yon mach long pou rive Muzaffarabad. Gouvènman an te deklare JAAC kòm yon òganizasyon entèdi epi li te kòmanse pwosedi legal kont plizyè nan lidè li yo. Nan dat 8 jen 2026, te gen konfli ant manifestan yo ak fòs sekirite yo nan Rawalakot ak lòt kote. Manifestan yo te mete baryè sou wout yo epi yo te òganize grèv, pandan otorite yo te deplwaye lapolis ak fòs paramilitè pou kenbe lòd. Dapre rapò medya entènasyonal yo, omwen 11 moun te mouri epi plizyè dizèn lòt te blese pandan dezòd yo. Pifò lanmò yo te rive pandan konfwontasyon nan Rawalakot, nan Distri Poonch. Nan dat 9 jen 2026, JAAC te lanse yon grèv nan tout rejyon an. Sant komèsyal yo, sèvis transpò yo, ak mache yo te fèmen nan plizyè distri, tankou Muzaffarabad, Poonch, Bagh, ak Mirpur. Otorite yo te ranfòse mezi sekirite atravè tout teritwa a. Gouvènman Azad Jammu ak Kashmir te defann aksyon li yo kòm mezi ki nesesè pou prezève lòd piblik ak pwoteje enstitisyon konstitisyonèl yo. Otorite yo te mete restriksyon an plas, fè arestasyon, epi bay manda kont plizyè lidè JAAC. Òganizasyon ki defann dwa moun yo te eksprime enkyetid konsènan itilizasyon fòs kont manifestan yo, arestasyon aktivis yo, ak restriksyon sou kominikasyon yo. Obsèvatè politik yo te dekri manifestasyon sa yo kòm youn nan epizòd dezòd sivil ki pi enpòtan nan Azad Kashmir pandan dènye ane yo. == Nòt == {{Nòt}} == Referans == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Referans}} [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] mthil2u9nlk0ufuloaf1f85ry4umpxf 882714 882713 2026-07-13T03:12:52Z 1104s72 38991 882714 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Komite Aksyon Konjwen Awami Jammu Kashmir''' la,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/2005462|title=AJK govt bans Joint Awami Action Committee under anti-terrorism act|last=|first=|date=2026-06-05|website=Dawn}}</ref> yo konnen plis sou non '''Komite Aksyon Konjwen Awami''' oswa '''Joint Awami Action Committee''' ( '''JAAC''' ), se yon kowalisyon sosyete sivil lokal <ref name="Greek City Times">{{Cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2024/10/10/unrest-in-pakistans-jammu-and-kashmir-a-struggle-for-economic-justice-and-autonomy/|title=Unrest in Pakistan’s Jammu and Kashmir: A Struggle for Economic Justice and Autonomy Greek City Times|last=|first=|date=2024-10-10|website=Greek City Times}}</ref> ak yon òganizasyon [[Sosyoloji politik|sosyopolitik]] ki baze nan Azad Kashmir, yon rejyon ki anba administrasyon [[Pakistan]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2617085/amp|title=Pakistan PM urges Azad Kashmir protesters to withdraw ‘lockdown’ call — party official|website=Arab News|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> Li te kòmanse kòm yon kowalisyon machann, transpòtè, avoka, etidyan ak lòt gwoup sivik, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1260298-discontent-in-ajk|title=Discontent in AJK|date=2024-12-11|website=The News International}}</ref> epi li te evolye pou l vin tounen yon platfòm pou yon gwo seksyon nan sosyete a pou fè tande yon melanj demand ekonomik ak gouvènans. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/14/unrest-in-pakistani-kashmir-whats-behind-the-recent-wave-of-protests|title=Unrest in Pakistan-administered Kashmir: What’s behind the recent protests?|last=Hussain|first=Abid|date=2026-05-14|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Yo te fonde òganizasyon an an 2023 epi li te fè gwo atak kont Gouvènman Azad Kashmir depi kreyasyon li. Mouvman JAAC la motive pa yon Chatè Revandikasyon konplè ki gen 38 pwen. Revandikasyon sa yo klase an de domèn prensipal: soulajman ekonomik imedya ak chanjman estriktirèl alontèm. Ekonomikman, JAAC la mande pou tarif elektrisite yo redwi anpil pou konsomatè AJK yo, kalkile dapre pri pwodiksyon elektrisite ki pwodui nan pwojè idwoelektrik lokal yo tankou Baraj Mangla a, ak pri farin ble sibvansyone ekivalan a sa yo ofri nan Gilgit-Baltistan vwazen an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1260298-discontent-in-ajk|title=Discontent in AJK|date=2024-12-11|website=The News International}}</ref> Estriktirèlman, mouvman an ensiste sou abolisyon avantaj ak privilèj elit politik la ak biwokrasi a te jwi, epi retire 12 plas nan Asanble Lejislatif AJK a ki aktyèlman rezève pou refijye ki baze nan Pakistan ki soti nan Jammu ak Kashmir ki anba administrasyon End . <ref name="Greek City Times">{{Cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2024/10/10/unrest-in-pakistans-jammu-and-kashmir-a-struggle-for-economic-justice-and-autonomy/|title=Unrest in Pakistan’s Jammu and Kashmir: A Struggle for Economic Justice and Autonomy Greek City Times|last=|first=|date=2024-10-10|website=Greek City Times}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://greekcitytimes.com/2024/10/10/unrest-in-pakistans-jammu-and-kashmir-a-struggle-for-economic-justice-and-autonomy/ "Unrest in Pakistan's Jammu and Kashmir: A Struggle for Economic Justice and Autonomy Greek City Times"]. ''Greek City Times''. 10 October 2024.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2024/04/29/reckless-behavior-of-ajk-govt-major-reason-of-non-payment-of-power-bills-lsdf|title=Reckless behavior of AJK govt major reason of non-payment of power bills: LSDF|date=2024-04-28|website=Pakistan Today}}</ref> Gouvènman Azad Kashmir te entèdi JAAC la anba lwa anti-teworis la nan dat 5 jen 2026. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/2005462|title=AJK govt bans Joint Awami Action Committee under anti-terrorism act|date=2026-06-05|website=Dawn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arab.news/gs83b|title=Azad Kashmir PM invites protesters to resume talks as clashes kill seven|date=2026-06-08|website=Arab News PK}}</ref> Dapre otorite lokal yo, JAAC la swadizan te deja gen konfwontasyon ak lapolis epi li te touye, kidnape, epi tòtire polisye lokal yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.com/International/wireStory/clashes-pakistan-administered-kashmir-kill-7-ahead-planned-133678094|title=Clashes in Pakistan-administered Kashmir kill 7 after court upholds refugee legislative seats|last=Ahmed|first=Munir|date=8 June 2026|website=ABC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/667714-four-personnel-martyred-as-banned-jaac-activists-open-fire-in-rawalakot-police|title=Four personnel martyred as banned JAAC activists open fire in Rawalakot: police|date=2026-06-08|website=Geo News}}</ref> Gouvènman Azad Kashmir la ak manm JAAC yo te konteste akizasyon sa yo, JAAC la deklare ke pèsonèl Fòs Ame Pakistane yo <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/world/16-killed-over-30-injured-as-pakistani-forces-open-fire-on-protesters-in-pakistan-occupied-kashmir-1781193970614|title=16 killed, over 30 injured as Pakistani forces open fire on protesters in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|website=Wion|access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref>, ki gen ladan manm Punjab Rangers yo, te responsab pou asasina, kidnape, ak tòtire manm JAAC yo ak manifestan yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/06/pakistan-terrorism-designation-of-protest-movement-marks-dangerous-escalation-in-jammu-and-kashmir-crackdown/|title=Pakistan: “Terrorism” designation of protest movement marks dangerous escalation in Jammu and Kashmir crackdown|date=2026-06-09|website=Amnesty International}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/insight/rawalakot-killings-escalate-pok-unrest-as-jaac-sets-conditions/gm-GM20B7ED5F?gemSnapshotKey=GM20B7ED5F-snapshot-39&uxmode=ruby|title=MSN|website=www.msn.com|access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arab.news/yuzaj|title=Four law enforcers, three protesters killed in clashes over disputed refugee seats in Azad Kashmir|date=2026-06-08|website=Arab News}}</ref> == Fòmasyon ak premye aktivite yo (2022–2023) == Mouvman JAAC la motive pa yon Chatè Revandikasyon konplè ki gen 38 pwen. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://humenglish.com/pakistan/ajk-unrest-returns-as-jaac-calls-indefinite-shutdown-from-sept-29/|title=AJK unrest returns as JAAC calls 'indefinite shutdown' from Sept 29|date=2025-07-17|website=HUM News English}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2025/11/the-political-shakeup-in-pakistan-administered-kashmir/|title=The Political Shakeup in Pakistan-Administered Kashmir|date=November 2025|website=thediplomat.com}}</ref> Revandikasyon sa yo klase an de domèn prensipal: soulajman ekonomik imedya ak chanjman estriktirèl alontèm. Ekonomikman, JAAC la mande pou tarif elektrisite yo redwi anpil pou konsomatè AJK yo, kalkile dapre pri pwodiksyon elektrisite ki pwodui nan pwojè idwoelektrik lokal yo tankou Baraj Mangla a, ak pri farin ble sibvansyone ekivalan a sa yo ofri nan Gilgit-Baltistan vwazen an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10/3/why-has-pakistan-administered-kashmir-erupted-in-protest-again|title=Why has Pakistan-administered Kashmir erupted in protest again?|last=Hussain|first=Abid|date=2025-10-03|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Estriktirèlman, mouvman an ensiste sou abolisyon avantaj ak privilèj elit politik la ak biwokrasi a te jwi, epi retire 12 plas nan Asanble Lejislatif AJK a ki aktyèlman rezève pou refijye ki baze nan Pakistan ki soti nan Jammu ak Kashmir ki anba administrasyon Endyen an . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2611292/jaac-boycotts-apc-as-parties-reject-refugee-seats-proposal-for-ajk-assembly|title=APC rejects JAAC demand to abolish refugee seats in AJK Assembly|date=2026-06-03|website=The Express Tribune}}</ref> Monte enpòtan JAAC la soti nan kapasite li genyen pou l ini plent fragmenté ak lokalize sou difikilte ekonomik yo nan yon fòs politik kowòdone, nan tout eta a, ki defye fondamantalman sitiyasyon politik la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2025/11/the-political-shakeup-in-pakistan-administered-kashmir/|title=The Political Shakeup in Pakistan-Administered Kashmir|language=en-US|access-date=2026-07-04}}</ref> Demann pou elektrisite nan pri pwodiksyon an deplase diskou a pi lwen pase senp demann sibvansyon nan direksyon yon deba konstitisyonèl konsènan degre otonomi politik AJK a, pwopriyetè resous yo, ak dwa otè ki soti nan enfrastrikti ki eksplwate lokalman, sa ki vle di ke popilasyon AJK a posede dwa pwopriyetè natirèl sou resous ki nan teritwa li. Òganizasyon an wè mouvman li kòm yon repons nesesè a plizyè ane eksplwatasyon ekonomik ak neglijans administratif ke administrasyon AJK a ak Gouvènman Federal Pakistan an te komèt. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1260298-discontent-in-ajk|title=Discontent in AJK|date=2024-12-11|website=The News International|language=en|access-date=2026-07-04}}</ref> Manifestasyon lokal yo kont ogmantasyon pri pwodui ak elektrisite te kòmanse nan kèk pati nan AJK an 2022 ak nan kòmansman 2023, souvan dirije pa asosyasyon komèsan yo ak sendika transpò yo. Manifestasyon sa yo te gen ladan yo moun ki pa peye oswa boule bòdwo elektrisite senbolikman, grèv lokalize pou fèmen pòt yo, ak sit-in; yo te gaye soti nan vil tankou Rawalakot pou ale nan lòt distri pandan gwoup sivik ak òganizasyon etidyan yo te rantre nan kòz la. Pandan ane 2023 la, plizyè komite lokal ak òganizasyon komèsan yo te kowòdone aksyon e — nan mitan mwa septanm 2023 — mouvman an te konsolide nan yon komite aksyon jwenti ki pi laj, nan tout rejyon an, ki te kowòdone apèl grèv ak plan long mach. Kouvèti jounalistik ak kòmantè lokal yo dekri JAAC la kòm yon kowalisyon òganizasyon komès, transpòtè, avoka ak gwoup etidyan ki te vin prensipal platfòm sosyete sivil la pou ajitasyon sa a. <ref name="Shams Rehman">{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee|title='Azad Kashmir's Awakening'? Assessing Two Years of the Joint Awami Action Committee|last=Rehman|first=Shams|date=2025-07-29|website=Kashmir Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250729135102/https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee|archive-date=2025-07-29}}</ref> <ref name="democracy.community">{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com|title=How the March Changed Us {{!}} International Democracy Community|website=democracy.community|access-date=2025-09-29}}</ref> Malgre gouvènman AJK a te eseye fè kèk ti rekonsilyasyon—tankou retire yon pwopozisyon pou ogmante bòdwo elektrisite yo epi kenbe tarif yo nan nivo Jiyè 2023 la, yon desizyon ki swadizan te mete yon chay 10-12 milya roupi sou trezò lokal la—mezi sa yo te pwouve pa ase pou kalme mekontantman jeneral la. Piblik la te rete kritik, sitou lè nou konsidere sibvansyon ki pi favorab yo te bay Gilgit-Baltistan . <ref name="democracy.community">{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com|title=How the March Changed Us {{!}} International Democracy Community|website=democracy.community|access-date=2025-09-29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com "How the March Changed Us | International Democracy Community"]. ''democracy.community''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Mouvman k ap boujonnen an te pran yon momantòm desizif an Me 2023, apre lansman yon sit-in pwolonje devan yon depo farin nan Supply Bazaar, Rawalakot, sitou pou vize pri ble a ki t ap monte anpil. Manifestasyon lokalize sa a te sèvi kòm nwayo òganizasyonèl, li demontre potansyèl sosyete sivil la genyen pou òganize tèt li pou fè fas ak pwoblèm ekonomik imedya. <ref name="Shams Rehman">{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee|title='Azad Kashmir's Awakening'? Assessing Two Years of the Joint Awami Action Committee|last=Rehman|first=Shams|date=2025-07-29|website=Kashmir Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250729135102/https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee|archive-date=2025-07-29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRehman2025">Rehman, Shams (29 July 2025). [https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee "'Azad Kashmir's Awakening'? Assessing Two Years of the Joint Awami Action Committee"]. ''Kashmir Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250729135102/https://kashmirtimes.com/opinion/comment-articles/azad-kashmirs-awakening-assessing-two-years-of-the-joint-awami-action-committee Archived] from the original on 29 July 2025.</cite></ref> Apre fòmasyon komite a, JAAC a te mobilize byen vit sou yon gwo echèl. Rive 10 oktòb 2023, komite a te òganize avèk siksè gwo rasanbleman atravè AJK ki te gen ladan fanm ak timoun. Rezistans sa a te teste men li te mentni menm pandan mwa ivè difisil yo. Nan mwa novanm 2023, JAAC a te òganize yon manifestasyon menm jan an ki finalman te fini apre gouvènman AJK a te bay asirans pou adrese enkyetid yo. Sepandan, echèk gouvènman an pou aplike pwomès sa yo te vin deklanchè dirèk ak santral pou gwo konfwontasyon ki te swiv an 2024. <ref name="democracy.community">{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com|title=How the March Changed Us {{!}} International Democracy Community|website=democracy.community|access-date=2025-09-29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.democracy.community/stories/how-march-changed-us?utm_source=chatgpt.com "How the March Changed Us | International Democracy Community"]. ''democracy.community''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Manifestasyon Azad Kashmir an 2024 == Nan mwa me 2024, yon vag manifestasyon, sit-in, ak grèv ki te dire sis jou te bale AJK. Sa ki te kòmanse kòm demand pou farin sibvansyone ak pi ba tarif elektrisite te vin tounen manifestasyon mas nan gwo vil yo; JAAC te parèt kòm yon òganizatè ak entèrlokuteur prensipal. Lè yo te rekonèt momantòm nan, Komite Aksyon Piblik Muzaffarabad yo te mande yon "gwo mach" an direksyon kapital la nan dat 11 me 2024. Otorite yo te eseye jere sitiyasyon an lè yo te deklare yon jou ferye de jou epi yo te ofisyèlman mande twoup paramilitè ki soti nan Pakistan. Sepandan, tantativ gouvènman an pou anpeche gwo manifestasyon ki te prevwa pou 12 me a lè yo te arete lidè JAAC yo te chofe repons piblik la anpil, sa ki te lakòz afwontman mòtèl. Konfwontasyon ant manifestan yo ak lapolis yo te lakòz viktim, pami yo omwen twa manifestan ak yon ofisye lapolis. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1876518|title=AJK SC suspends controversial protest ordinance|last=Naqash|first=Tariq|date=4 December 2024|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|dawn]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-kashmir-protest-ends-price-hike-7ebbe743ca25de69c6fd48975f16e196|title=Protesters in Pakistan-held Kashmir end rallies that killed 4 after authorities revoke price hikes|date=2024-05-14|website=AP News}}</ref> Nan dat 13 me 2024, Premye Minis Pakistan an , Shehbaz Sharif, te anonse yon sibvansyon federal sibstansyèl ki totalize 23 milya roupi (apeprè 82 milyon dola) pou Azad Kashmir. Apre anons sa a, Premye Minis AJK a , Chaudhry Anwar-ul-Haq, te anonse sibvansyon imedya ak yon rediksyon nan pri sèvis piblik yo. Apre konsesyon sa yo, JAAC a te anonse sispansyon gwo aksyon yo nan dat 14 me 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kashmiriat.com/joint-awami-action-committees-struggle-in-ajk/|title=Joint Awami Action Committee's struggle in AJK|last=|first=|date=9 December 2024|website=Kashmiriat}}</ref> Konsesyon yo te make yon viktwa enpòtan pou JAAC la. Tarif sibvansyone yo te aplike yo te gen ladan yo: * Farin ble: Pri a te redwi anpil soti nan 3,100 roupi pou rive nan 2,000 roupi pou chak 40 kilogram. * Tarif Elektrisite: Yo te redwi pri yo anpil pou konsomatè yo, yo te fikse yo a 3 roupi pou chak kilowat-èdtan (kWh) pou premye 100 inite yo, 5 roupi pou chak kWh pou 100–300 inite, ak 6 roupi pou chak kWh pou konsomasyon ki depase 300 inite. Anplis de sa, yo te etabli yon komisyon jidisyè pou revize privilèj twòp ke gwo fonksyonè gouvènman yo te jwi nan AJK. Pita nan lane 2024, egzekitif AJK a te pibliye Òdonans sou Asanble Pasifik ak Lòd Piblik 2024 la, ke kritik yo te di ki te vize limite kapasite òganizasyon ki pa anrejistre yo pou yo rasanble; mezi a te pwovoke plis manifestasyon ak defi legal epi li te sijè a egzamen jidisyè. Gwoup dwa moun ak gwoup lokal yo te rapòte arestasyon, ka kriminèl kont patisipan yo, ak tansyon kontinyèl ant aktè sivil yo ak gouvènman an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/9/pakistan-administered-kashmir-repeals-protest-restrictions-after-strike|title=Pakistan-administered Kashmir repeals protest restrictions after strike|last=Hussain|first=Abid|date=2024-12-09|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> == Manifestasyon Azad Kashmir an 2025 == JAAC/JKJAAC te re-parèt kòm yon òganizatè mas an 2025 avèk nouvo demand ak yon konstitisyon ki pi laj (lòt nouvèl yo rapòte konstitisyon plizyè pwen ki gen plizyè douzèn atik). Nan fen mwa septanm 2025, kowalisyon an te anonse yon konfinman / fèmti ak grèv pou wou bloke nan tout rejyon an (yon dat pibliye pou 29 septanm), epi lidè yo te mobilize gwo rasanbleman nan Muzaffarabad, Rawalakot, Kotli, Mirpur, Bhimber ak plizyè lòt vil ak bouk. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1945117|title=Govt gears up as AJK braces for tomorrow's lockdown|last=Naqash|first=Tariq|date=28 September 2025|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|dawn]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1944367|title=Azad Kashmir govt, civil society alliance hold talks as Sept 29 lockdown looms|last=Naqash|first=Tariq|date=2025-09-25|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|dawn]]}}</ref> An previzyon gwo dezòd ekonomik ak politik la, Gouvènman Federal Pakistan an te entèveni. Premye Minis Shehbaz Sharif te angaje nan konsiltasyon epi li te ankouraje JAAC piblikman pou retire apèl la, li te pwomèt pou kontakte epi envite reprezantan pou dyalòg. Apre sa, te gen gwo diskisyon maraton ki te enplike negosyatè JAAC yo, gouvènman AJK a, ak de minis federal, Amir Muqam ak Tariq Fazal Chaudhry . Yo rapòte ke negosyasyon yo te dire prèske 13 èdtan. Sepandan, dyalòg la te echwe finalman, li te fini san konklizyon akòz yon blokaj ki pa t ka soti sou de demand estriktirèl kle. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arab.news/wdrnz|title=Pakistan PM urges Azad Kashmir protesters to withdraw 'lockdown' call — party official|date=2025-09-28|website=Arab News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.aaj.tv/news/330436964|title=Shutterdown, wheel jam strike in Azad Jammu and Kashmir|last=|first=|date=29 September 2025|website=Aaj English TV}}</ref> De demand ki te pwouve yo pa t negosyab e ki te lakòz echèk nan chita pale yo se te: * Abolisyon Privilèj Elit yo: Ensiste pou elimine avantaj chè, liks, ak privilèj ke minis, lejislatè, ak biwokrat AJK yo te jwi. * Retire Plas Refijye yo: Yo te mete fen nan 12 plas ki te rezève nan Asanble AJK a pou imigran Kachmir ki tabli nan Pakistan. Negosyatè JAAC yo, ki te dirije pa pèsonalite tankou Shaukat Nawaz Mir, te kite negosyasyon yo, yo te kalifye negosyasyon yo kòm "enkonplè e san konklizyon" epi yo te afime angajman yo pou obsève konfinman endefini an ak "tout fòs". Echèk sa a pou rive nan yon akò konfime ke pandan Federasyon an dispoze soutni AJK finansyèman atravè gwo sibvansyon, li trase yon liy politik fèm sou refòm ki defye enfliyans estriktirèl li oswa menase rezo patronaj politik ki byen anrasinen an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/1375988/pm-shehbaz-asks-ajk-protesters-to-end-protest/|title=PM Shehbaz asks AJK Protesters to end Protest|date=2025-09-29|website=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]}}</ref> === Grèv nan tout eta a === Pou prepare pou konfinman ki te anonse nan dat 29 septanm 2025 la, yo te ranfòse sekirite anpil, epi yo te sele pwen antre ak sòti nan tout rejyon an. Yon bagay enpòtan, yo te sispann sèvis mobil ak entènèt nan gwo pati nan Azad Kashmir, yon mezi Ministè enteryè Pakistan an te bay lòd. Blakawout kominikasyon obligatwa a reflete rekonesans leta a genyen sou kapasite òganizasyonèl avanse JAAC la, sa ki konfime ke mouvman an konsidere kòm yon menas sekirite enpòtan ki jistifye yon entèvansyon leta sevè pou anpeche kowòdinasyon. Malgre mezi represyon sa yo, konfinman endefini an te kòmanse jan yo te prevwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2617085/amp|title=Pakistan PM urges Azad Kashmir protesters to withdraw 'lockdown' call — party official|website=Arab News|access-date=2025-09-29}}</ref> Grèv la te vin vyolan lè afwontman te eklate nan Pon Neelum ant aktivis JKJAAC yo ak manm Konferans Mizilman an, pandan afwontman Raja Saqib Majeed ak frè li te tire plizyè moun blese epi yon manifestan, Sudheer, te mouri. Ensidan an te pwovoke pi gwo manifestasyon nan Muzaffarabad ak lòt distri yo, ak lidè JKJAAC yo ki te kondane vyolans lan epi ki te pwomèt pou kontinye manifestasyon yo jiskaske yo jwenn repons pou demand yo. Otorite yo te nye akizasyon fòs twòp epi yo te pwomèt pou yo pran aksyon legal kont manifestan yo, pandan ke ofisyèl federal yo tankou Amir Muqam ak Tariq Fazal te mande pou yon nouvo dyalòg. <ref name="ET 30 Sep 2025">{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2569750/strike-brings-ajk-to-standstill-turns-violent|title=AJK strike over constitutional demands kills one, internet remains suspended|last=Hanif|first=Usman|date=30 September 2025|website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref> Apre vyolans lan, lidè JKJAAC a, Shaukat Nawaz Mir, te pale devan prèske 5,000 moun nan Lal Chowk, Muzaffarabad, kote li te klarifye ke mouvman an pa gen okenn ostilite anvè Lame Pakistan an e li pa pral aji kont li. Li te anonse ke yon rasanbleman pral fèt sou Neelum Road nan Chehlabandi ak kò Sudheer, manifestan ki te mouri nan afwontman yo. Mir te rejte tou rapò medya pakistanè yo ki te deklare ke pèsonn pa t patisipe nan manifestasyon yo, li te kalifye yo kòm tantativ fabrike pou montre sitiyasyon an kòm nòmal. An menm tan, dyaspora Kachmir la te òganize manifestasyon solidarite nan [[Lonn|Lond]] ak Bradford, kote Raja Amjad Ali Khan te fè yon diskou devan konsila pakistanè a. Pandansetan, ajans ki aplike lalwa nan AJK te avèti manifestan yo ke si pwopriyete piblik la te domaje oswa lavi nòmal te deranje, yo pral pran aksyon ki pi sevè. <ref name="ET 30 Sep 2025">{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2569750/strike-brings-ajk-to-standstill-turns-violent|title=AJK strike over constitutional demands kills one, internet remains suspended|last=Hanif|first=Usman|date=30 September 2025|website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHanif2025">Hanif, Usman (30 September 2025). [https://tribune.com.pk/story/2569750/strike-brings-ajk-to-standstill-turns-violent "AJK strike over constitutional demands kills one, internet remains suspended"]. ''[[The Express Tribune]]''.</cite></ref> Gen yon apèl pou yon grèv fèmen pòt nan eta a pou 9 jen 2026. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-kashmir-police-protest-006859907010f8f66cf4fb5ceb2ec6cb|title=Police arrest supporters of banned group ahead of rally in Pakistan-administered Kashmir|date=2026-06-06|website=AP News}}</ref> == Manifestasyon Azad Kashmir an 2026 == An 2026, manifestasyon ki te fèt nan Azad Kashmir yo te yon seri demonstrasyon, grèv, ak konfli ki te dewoule atravè AJK pandan mwa jen 2026. Manifestasyon yo te òganize sitou pa JAAC pou opoze ak 12 plas ki rezève nan Asanble Lejislatif AJK pou refijye ki soti nan Kashmir ki anba administrasyon Endyen, men ki ap viv nan pwovens Pakistan yo (deyò AJK). Tansyon yo te vin pi grav apre gouvènman AJK la te entèdi JAAC epi li te lanse operasyon sekirite kont lidè òganizasyon an. Jammu Kashmir Joint Awami Action Committee (JAAC) te vin tounen yon gwo mouvman politik ak sosyal nan Azad Kashmir pandan manifestasyon ki te fèt an 2024 sou kestyon pri elektrisite, sibvansyon farin, ak depans gouvènman an. Apre manifestasyon sa yo, òganizasyon an te elaji pwogram li pou enkli refòm konstitisyonèl ak politik. Youn nan prensipal revandikasyon JAAC se te elimine 12 plas nan asanble lejislatif la ki rezève pou refijye ki soti nan Kashmir ki anba administrasyon Endyen epi k ap viv deyò AJK. JAAC te fè konnen moun ki pa rete nan Azad Kashmir pa ta dwe patisipe nan eleksyon reprezantan pou lejislati AJK la. Nan kòmansman mwa jen 2026, Tribinal Siprèm Azad Jammu ak Kashmir te deside ke plas ki rezève pou refijye yo pwoteje pa kad konstitisyonèl la epi yo pa ka elimine san yon amannman konstitisyonèl. Apre desizyon sa a, JAAC te anonse manifestasyon ak yon mach long pou rive Muzaffarabad. Gouvènman an te deklare JAAC kòm yon òganizasyon entèdi epi li te kòmanse pwosedi legal kont plizyè nan lidè li yo. Nan dat 8 jen 2026, te gen konfli ant manifestan yo ak fòs sekirite yo nan Rawalakot ak lòt kote. Manifestan yo te mete baryè sou wout yo epi yo te òganize grèv, pandan otorite yo te deplwaye lapolis ak fòs paramilitè pou kenbe lòd. Dapre rapò medya entènasyonal yo, omwen 11 moun te mouri epi plizyè dizèn lòt te blese pandan dezòd yo. Pifò lanmò yo te rive pandan konfwontasyon nan Rawalakot, nan Distri Poonch. Nan dat 9 jen 2026, JAAC te lanse yon grèv nan tout rejyon an. Sant komèsyal yo, sèvis transpò yo, ak mache yo te fèmen nan plizyè distri, tankou Muzaffarabad, Poonch, Bagh, ak Mirpur. Otorite yo te ranfòse mezi sekirite atravè tout teritwa a. Gouvènman Azad Jammu ak Kashmir te defann aksyon li yo kòm mezi ki nesesè pou prezève lòd piblik ak pwoteje enstitisyon konstitisyonèl yo. Otorite yo te mete restriksyon an plas, fè arestasyon, epi bay manda kont plizyè lidè JAAC. Òganizasyon ki defann dwa moun yo te eksprime enkyetid konsènan itilizasyon fòs kont manifestan yo, arestasyon aktivis yo, ak restriksyon sou kominikasyon yo. Obsèvatè politik yo te dekri manifestasyon sa yo kòm youn nan epizòd dezòd sivil ki pi enpòtan nan Azad Kashmir pandan dènye ane yo. == Nòt == {{Nòt}} == Referans == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Referans}} [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] n1hos4dcq832vp4nh6g7dcx3qklqtxa 0 97663 882715 2026-07-13T03:21:15Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330168587|Nitnem]] » 882715 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichye:Daily_prayers_Nitnem_Gutka_Sikhism.jpg|vignette|209x209px|Yon Nitnem tipik "Gutka", oubyen yon liv priyè Sikh, trè komen nan anpil kay Sikh.]]  <templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''''Nitnem''''' ( Punjabi ਨਿਤਨੇਮ) se yon koleksyon imn Sikh ( ''[[Gurbani]]'' ) pou li omwen 3 fwa diferan nan jounen an. Yo obligatwa epi chak Sikh [[Khalsa|Amritdhari]] dwe li yo jan sa endike nan Sikh Rehat Maryada a (Kòd Konduit Sikh ofisyèl la ki sèvi kòm "liv règ" definitif pou Sikh Amritdhari yo). Opsyonèlman, ou ka ajoute lòt priyè nan ''nitnem'' yon Sikh. Gen twa imn ki ofisyèlman egzije pa Sikh Rehat Maryada a pou yo resite nan [[Amrit Velā|Amrit Vela]] (byen bonè nan maten ant 2è ak 6è dimaten), byenke yo souvan resite de lòt ansanm ak sa yo, pou fòme 5 Baania yo (5 imn). <ref name="The Encyclopedia of Sikhism" /> Imn ''[[Rehras|Rehras Sahib]]'' la obligatwa tou nan aswè a, ki te swiv pa ''Kirtan Sohila'' nan mitan lannwit. Priyè maten ak aswè yo ta dwe swiv pa yon ''[[Ardās|Ardaas]]'' . == Senk ''Banis'' == [[Panj Pyare|Panj Piare]] a mande Sikh inisye a pandan seremoni Amrit Sanchar pou resite 5 '''bani''' sa yo ( Punjabi ਪੰਜ ਬਾਣੀਆਂ ) kòm yon angajman anvè [[Guru Sikh yo|Sikh Gurus yo]] ak [[Waheguru|Waheguru yo]] . Yo resite ''banis'' yo chak jou tou, kòmanse byen bonè nan maten ( [[Amrit Velā|Amrit Vela]] ). Sepandan, avèk letan, "senk banis" yo vin gen diferan siyifikasyon pou diferan gwoup Sikh yo. Ofisyèlman, 5 Baani yo se Japji Sahib, Jaap Sahib, ak Tav Prasad Savaiya (nan maten), Rehraas Sahib (nan aswè), ak Kirtan Sohila (anvan dòmi). Se definisyon sa a Sikh Rehat Maryada bay. Sepandan, kèk ti gwoup oswa kèk branch minoritè nan relijyon Sikh la ki pa rekonèt otorite Sikh Rehat Maryada fè konnen "5 Baani" yo se senk kantik yo resite pandan seremoni Amrit Sanchar la. Dapre yo, senk kantik sa yo dwe resite chak maten pandan Amrit Vela, anplis Rehras Sahib nan aswè ak Kirtan Sohila anvan dòmi. Dapre definisyon gwoup sa yo, sa yo rele "5 Baani" a mennen moun resite 7 kantik chak jou, olye de senk, paske yo ajoute Rehras Sahib ak Kirtan Sohila sou senk kantik maten yo. == Priyè pou maten yo == * Japji Sahib * [[Jaap Sahib]] * Tav-Prasad Savaiye * Chaupai Sahib * Anand Sahib Selon Kòd Konduit Sikh la, Sikh yo sèlman oblije resite Japji Sahib, [[Jaap Sahib]], ak Dis Sawayya yo nan maten. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_one.html|title=Sikh Reht Maryada, the Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html|title=Sikh Reht Maryada, the Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India}}</ref> Anpil Sikh, tankou moun ki swiv fòm vi sèk tankou Damdami Taksal ak AKJ, kwè ke Chaupai Sahib ak Anand Sahib obligatwa tou nan priyè maten yo. Pafwa yo rele sa Senk Banis yo. Yo resite priyè sa yo ant 2è ak 6è nan maten. Yo oblije swiv priyè maten sa yo ak [[Ardās|Ardas]] yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/philosophy-spirituality-and-ethics/moral-codes-and-sikh-practices/nitnem/|title=NITNEM|date=2000-12-19|website=The Sikh Encyclopedia|language=en-US|access-date=2021-12-28}}</ref> <ref name="old.sgpc.net">{{Cite web|url=https://old.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_one.html|title=Sikh Reht Maryada, the Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India}}</ref> Sepandan, pifò Sikh (menm majorite Amritdhari ki swiv Sikh Rehat Maryada a) ap toujou resite Chaupai Sahib ak Anand Sahib kòm yon pati nan priyè maten yo, malgre yo konnen yo pa oblije fè sa. Sa a se paske byenke kantite minimòm priyè maten pou resite nan Amrit Vela se 3, resitasyon plis im ak ekriti Sikh (Gurbani) toujou akeyi ak ankouraje pou tout Sikh. Se poutèt sa, majorite Sikh Amritdhari atravè lemond resite yon total de 7 priyè chak jou, idantik ak sèk ki egzije pratik sa a, tankou AKJ ak Damdami Taksal - sepandan, sa a se estrikteman soti nan dezi pèsonèl pou resite plis im, pa akòz obligasyon. == Priyè pou lajounen == Senk Bani kapab refere tou a Japji Sahib, [[Jaap Sahib]], ak Dis Sawayya yo nan maten, ansanm ak [[Rehras|Rehras Sahib]] ak Kirtan Sohila nan aswè, ki se senk priyè minimòm pou nenpòt amritdhari [[Khalsa]] Sikh resite chak jou, dapre Kòd Konduit Sikh la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_one.html|title=Sikh Reht Maryada, the Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html|title=Sikh Reht Maryada, the Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India}}</ref> == Priyè pou aswè a == * [[Rehras|Rehras Sahib]] * [[Ardās|Ardas]] Yo resite priyè sa a apre solèy kouche epi li pran anviwon 8 a 12 minit pou resite. Priyè aswè sa a dwe swiv pa [[Ardās|Ardas]] la. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_one.html|title=Sikh Reht Maryada, the Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html|title=Sikh Reht Maryada, the Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India}}</ref> == Priyè pou lannwit == * Kirtan Sohila Sahib an kèk tradisyon Sikh, yo konn resite tou '''Rakhya De Shabad''' (kantik sou pwoteksyon Bondye) anvan '''Kirtan Sohila''', espesyalman nan kèk liyaj '''Taksal''' ak '''Nihang'''. Shabad sa yo se vèsè chwazi nan '''Guru Granth Sahib''' ak '''Dasam Granth'''ki eksprime konfyans nan pwoteksyon '''Waheguru''' epi ki mande lapè espirityèl ak mantal anvan moun al dòmi. Menmsi pratik sa a pa fèt nan tout kominote Sikh yo, anpil moun konsidere li kòm yon fason pou prepare lespri a pou yon dòmi trankil epi ranfòse santiman ke pwoteksyon Bondye ap akonpaye yo pandan tout lannuit. Lapriyè sa a resite anvan moun al dòmi epi li pran anviwon 5 rive 12 minnit pou resite. Lapriyè lannuit sa a pa oblije swiv pa '''[[Ardās|Ardas]]'''. == Lòt priyè == Tipikman, yo li Nitnem nan yon ''gutka'' (liv priyè Sikh) oswa ''yon pothi'' (liv rektangilè ki pi laj), kote fòm prensipal yo se Panj Granthi (5 ekriti prensipal ki soti nan Guru Granth Sahib) ak Das Granthi (ekriti prensipal ki soti nan Dasam Granth). Sundar Gutka a (yon gutka ki pi gwo ki gen yon melanj plizyè konpozisyon, literèlman Bèl Gutka) se yon bagay komen tou nan kay Sikh yo. * Sukhmani Sahib * Asa di Vaar * Aarti * Sidh Gosti * Uggardanti * Shabad Hazare Patshahi 10 == Gade tou == * [[Guru Granth Sahib]] * Panj Granthi * Sukhmani Sahib * [[Amrit Velā|Amrit Vela]] * [[Meditasyon]] * Simran * Dasam Granth {{Referans}} 4l9ninvdvcunbmi908uel3rwo4lb793 0 97664 882719 2026-07-13T03:31:46Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342229659|Sikh discipline]] » 882719 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles>Nan '''disiplin Sikh''' ( Gurmukhi : ਸਿੱਖ ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸਨ; ''sikha anuśāsana'' ), yon Sikh dwe viv yon vi disipline pa [[Guru Sikh yo|gourou Sikh]] yo pou l fè aksyon ak zèv ki pi ak jis. Men lis aktivite yon Sikh ta dwe angaje l ladan yo: [[Nitnem|5 Bani]] - [[Panj Pyare|Panj Piare]] a mande Sikh ki inisye a pandan seremoni Amrit Sanchar la pou l resite 5 bani sa yo chak maten kòm yon angajman anvè [[Guru Sikh yo|Sikh Gurus yo]] ak [[Waheguru|Waheguru yo]] . 5 Bani yo se: Japji Sahib, [[Jaap Sahib]], Anand Sahib, Benti Chaupai ak [[Tav parsad Savaiye]] - tout Sikh devwe yo anjeneral resite bani sa yo chak jou byen bonè nan maten. [[Fichye:Sikh_Articles_of_Faith.JPG|gauche|vignette|200x200px|Kanga, Kara ak Kirpan - twa nan senk atik lafwa Guru Gobind Singh te bay Sikh yo]] [[Senk K]] oubyen ''panj kakaar/kakke'', se senk atik lafwa ke Sikh [[Khalsa|Khalsa ki]] batize yo mete tout tan sou lòd dizyèm [[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|Guru]] Sikh la, [[Guru Gobind Singh]] ki te bay lòd sa nan Baisakhi Amrit Sanchar an 1699. Senk K yo pa sèlman senbòl men atik lafwa ki ansanm fòme senbòl vizib ekstèn pou idantifye epi byen klè ak deyò piblisite ak montre angajman ak devouman yon moun anvè ansèyman relijyon yo <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldsikh.org/what_is_the_kirpan|title=What is the kirpan?|website=World Sikh Organization of Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114654/http://www.worldsikh.org/what_is_the_kirpan|archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=1 March 2026}}</ref> ak lòd ( [[Hukam]] ) dizyèm mèt la. Guru Gobind Singh te bay lòd pou disip li yo mete Senk K yo pou yo te ka itilize yo aktivman pou fè yon diferans nan pwòp espirityalite yo ak nan espirityalite lòt moun. Sepandan, Sikhi rekonèt konsèp yon [[Sikhi Other Observations|apwòch milti-nivo]] pou atenn objektif yon moun kòm yon disip lafwa tou. Pa egzanp, "Sahajdhari" (moun ki adopte dousman) se Sikh sa yo ki poko mete Senk K yo nèt. [[Senk vòlè|Senk Vòlè]] oubyen pancadokh oubyen panj vikar jan yo rele yo nan Liv Sikh yo, [[Guru Granth Sahib]] la, se, dapre Sikhi, senk vis ki vòlè sans pèsonalite imen an epi ki pa ale ak esans espirityèl li. Senk "vòlè" sa yo gen ladan yo [[Kaam|Kam]] (Lanvi), [[Krodh]] (Kòlè), Lobh (Avidite), [[Moh]] (Atachman) ak [[Ahankaar|Ahankar]] (Ògèy) nan lang Punjabi . <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/beliefs/beliefs.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Sikh Beliefs|website=www.bbc.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-03-01}}</ref> Senk Vèti - Pou Sikh yo, objektif final lavi a se reyini oswa fizyone avèk Bondye ( Mukti ). [[Guru Sikh yo|Gourou Sikh]] yo te anseye ke pou reyalize objektif sa a, li enpòtan pou travay di pou devlope '''kalite pozitif''' ki mennen nanm nan pi pre Bondye. [[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|Gourou]] yo te anseye ke tout èt imen gen '''kalite yo bezwen pou reyini avèk Bondye,''' men yo dwe antrene lespri yo pou yo tire pi bon pwofi nan kalite sa yo. Pou rive nan objektif final lavi a, Sikh yo kwè ke yo dwe toujou devlope '''lanmou yo pou Bondye''' lè yo devlope '''konpasyon pou tout kreyasyon Bondye a''' . Simran - Nan Sikhi, '''Simran''' ( Punjabi ) refere a repetisyon oswa resitasyon Non Bondye yo: Nām oubyen Tèks Sakre ki soti nan Granths Sikh yo: Sri [[Guru Granth Sahib]] . Mo a sòti nan mo Sanskrit oswa Prakrit ''smarana'' ki vle di Souvni. Li tradui tou kòm 'Meditasyon' – Vèb ''Simar'' la, ki sòti nan ''Simran,'' vle di ''medite'' . [[Sewa]] - sa se sèvis dezenterese, sa vle di fè yon sèvis san chèche rekonpans oswa okenn avantaj pèsonèl. Tout moun ki pratike relijyon Sikh yo ankouraje pa Shri Guru Granth Sahib pou yo fè Sewa, oswa sèvis dezenterese. Pratik sa a pa sèlman ede ranfòse relasyon nan kominote a, men li kontribye tou nan devlopman moral ak espirityèl moun nan. Li komen pou wè Sikh yo ap fè sèvis volontè nan Gurdwara yo, tankou lave asyèt, netwaye planche, oswa fè lòt travay pou sèvi kominote a. Yo ankouraje tou pou ede sosyete a lè yo fè travay san peye nan lopital, mezon pou granmoun aje, sant kominotè, ak lòt enstitisyon ki sèvi piblik la. '''[[Twa poto Sikhi yo]]''' se twa devwa <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/beliefs/beliefs.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Sikh Beliefs|website=www.bbc.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-03-01}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/beliefs/beliefs.shtml "BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Sikh Beliefs"]. ''www.bbc.co.uk''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-03-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> ke [[Guru Nanak]] te eksprime. * Guru a te mennen Sikh yo dirèkteman pou pratike Simran ak [[Naam Japo|Naam Japna]] – meditasyon sou Bondye epi resite ak chante non Bondye a – [[Waheguru]] . Sikh la dwe resite [[Nitnem]] [[Gurbani|banis]] chak jou pou souvni gras ak kirpa Toupisan an. * Li te mande Sikh yo pou yo viv tankou chèf fanmi epi pratike [[Kirat Karo|Kirat Karni]] – Pou yo touche lajan onètman avèk efò fizik ak mantal yo pandan y ap aksepte kado ak benediksyon Bondye yo. Yon moun dwe pale verite a tout tan epi sèlman gen krentif pou Bondye. Viv yon vi desans, avèk gwo valè moral ak espirityalite. * Yo te mande Sikh yo pou pataje richès yo nan kominote a lè yo pratike [[Vand Chhako|Vand Chakna]] – “Pataje epi Konsome ansanm”. Kominote a oubyen [[Sadh Sangat]] se yon pati enpòtan nan Sikhi . Yon moun dwe fè pati yon kominote k ap pouswiv valè [[Guru Sikh yo|Sikh Gurus]] yo te etabli yo epi chak Sikh dwe bay nan nenpòt fason posib pou kominote a. Lespri '''bay''' sa a se yon mesaj enpòtan ki soti nan Guru Nanak. == Referans == {{Referans}} a05g6k26kr6rd337877ow11x9sx1ifc 882720 882719 2026-07-13T03:32:10Z 1104s72 38991 882720 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles>Nan '''disiplin Sikh''' ( Gurmukhi : ਸਿੱਖ ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸਨ; ''sikha anuśāsana'' ), yon Sikh dwe viv yon vi disipline pa [[Guru Sikh yo|gourou Sikh]] yo pou l fè aksyon ak zèv ki pi ak jis. Men lis aktivite yon Sikh ta dwe angaje l ladan yo: [[Nitnem|5 Bani]] - [[Panj Pyare|Panj Piare]] a mande Sikh ki inisye a pandan seremoni Amrit Sanchar la pou l resite 5 bani sa yo chak maten kòm yon angajman anvè [[Guru Sikh yo|Sikh Gurus yo]] ak [[Waheguru|Waheguru yo]] . 5 Bani yo se: Japji Sahib, [[Jaap Sahib]], Anand Sahib, Benti Chaupai ak [[Tav parsad Savaiye]] - tout Sikh devwe yo anjeneral resite bani sa yo chak jou byen bonè nan maten. [[Fichye:Sikh_Articles_of_Faith.JPG|gauche|vignette|200x200px|Kanga, Kara ak Kirpan - twa nan senk atik lafwa Guru Gobind Singh te bay Sikh yo]] [[Senk K]] oubyen ''panj kakaar/kakke'', se senk atik lafwa ke Sikh [[Khalsa|Khalsa ki]] batize yo mete tout tan sou lòd dizyèm [[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|Guru]] Sikh la, [[Guru Gobind Singh]] ki te bay lòd sa nan Baisakhi Amrit Sanchar an 1699. Senk K yo pa sèlman senbòl men atik lafwa ki ansanm fòme senbòl vizib ekstèn pou idantifye epi byen klè ak deyò piblisite ak montre angajman ak devouman yon moun anvè ansèyman relijyon yo <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldsikh.org/what_is_the_kirpan|title=What is the kirpan?|website=World Sikh Organization of Canada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114654/http://www.worldsikh.org/what_is_the_kirpan|archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=1 March 2026}}</ref> ak lòd ( [[Hukam]] ) dizyèm mèt la. Guru Gobind Singh te bay lòd pou disip li yo mete Senk K yo pou yo te ka itilize yo aktivman pou fè yon diferans nan pwòp espirityalite yo ak nan espirityalite lòt moun. Sepandan, Sikhi rekonèt konsèp yon [[Sikhi Other Observations|apwòch milti-nivo]] pou atenn objektif yon moun kòm yon disip lafwa tou. Pa egzanp, "Sahajdhari" (moun ki adopte dousman) se Sikh sa yo ki poko mete [[Senk K]] yo nèt. [[Senk vòlè|Senk Vòlè]] oubyen pancadokh oubyen panj vikar jan yo rele yo nan Liv Sikh yo, [[Guru Granth Sahib]] la, se, dapre Sikhi, senk vis ki vòlè sans pèsonalite imen an epi ki pa ale ak esans espirityèl li. Senk "vòlè" sa yo gen ladan yo [[Kaam|Kam]] (Lanvi), [[Krodh]] (Kòlè), Lobh (Avidite), [[Moh]] (Atachman) ak [[Ahankaar|Ahankar]] (Ògèy) nan lang Punjabi . <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/beliefs/beliefs.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Sikh Beliefs|website=www.bbc.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-03-01}}</ref> Senk Vèti - Pou Sikh yo, objektif final lavi a se reyini oswa fizyone avèk Bondye ( Mukti ). [[Guru Sikh yo|Gourou Sikh]] yo te anseye ke pou reyalize objektif sa a, li enpòtan pou travay di pou devlope '''kalite pozitif''' ki mennen nanm nan pi pre Bondye. [[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|Gourou]] yo te anseye ke tout èt imen gen '''kalite yo bezwen pou reyini avèk Bondye,''' men yo dwe antrene lespri yo pou yo tire pi bon pwofi nan kalite sa yo. Pou rive nan objektif final lavi a, Sikh yo kwè ke yo dwe toujou devlope '''lanmou yo pou Bondye''' lè yo devlope '''konpasyon pou tout kreyasyon Bondye a''' . Simran - Nan Sikhi, '''Simran''' ( Punjabi ) refere a repetisyon oswa resitasyon Non Bondye yo: Nām oubyen Tèks Sakre ki soti nan Granths Sikh yo: Sri [[Guru Granth Sahib]] . Mo a sòti nan mo Sanskrit oswa Prakrit ''smarana'' ki vle di Souvni. Li tradui tou kòm 'Meditasyon' – Vèb ''Simar'' la, ki sòti nan ''Simran,'' vle di ''medite'' . [[Sewa]] - sa se sèvis dezenterese, sa vle di fè yon sèvis san chèche rekonpans oswa okenn avantaj pèsonèl. Tout moun ki pratike relijyon Sikh yo ankouraje pa Shri Guru Granth Sahib pou yo fè Sewa, oswa sèvis dezenterese. Pratik sa a pa sèlman ede ranfòse relasyon nan kominote a, men li kontribye tou nan devlopman moral ak espirityèl moun nan. Li komen pou wè Sikh yo ap fè sèvis volontè nan Gurdwara yo, tankou lave asyèt, netwaye planche, oswa fè lòt travay pou sèvi kominote a. Yo ankouraje tou pou ede sosyete a lè yo fè travay san peye nan lopital, mezon pou granmoun aje, sant kominotè, ak lòt enstitisyon ki sèvi piblik la. '''[[Twa poto Sikhi yo]]''' se twa devwa <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/beliefs/beliefs.shtml|title=BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Sikh Beliefs|website=www.bbc.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-03-01}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/beliefs/beliefs.shtml "BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Sikh Beliefs"]. ''www.bbc.co.uk''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-03-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> ke [[Guru Nanak]] te eksprime. * Guru a te mennen Sikh yo dirèkteman pou pratike Simran ak [[Naam Japo|Naam Japna]] – meditasyon sou Bondye epi resite ak chante non Bondye a – [[Waheguru]] . Sikh la dwe resite [[Nitnem]] [[Gurbani|banis]] chak jou pou souvni gras ak kirpa Toupisan an. * Li te mande Sikh yo pou yo viv tankou chèf fanmi epi pratike [[Kirat Karo|Kirat Karni]] – Pou yo touche lajan onètman avèk efò fizik ak mantal yo pandan y ap aksepte kado ak benediksyon Bondye yo. Yon moun dwe pale verite a tout tan epi sèlman gen krentif pou Bondye. Viv yon vi desans, avèk gwo valè moral ak espirityalite. * Yo te mande Sikh yo pou pataje richès yo nan kominote a lè yo pratike [[Vand Chhako|Vand Chakna]] – “Pataje epi Konsome ansanm”. Kominote a oubyen [[Sadh Sangat]] se yon pati enpòtan nan Sikhi . Yon moun dwe fè pati yon kominote k ap pouswiv valè [[Guru Sikh yo|Sikh Gurus]] yo te etabli yo epi chak Sikh dwe bay nan nenpòt fason posib pou kominote a. Lespri '''bay''' sa a se yon mesaj enpòtan ki soti nan Guru Nanak. == Referans == {{Referans}} 66zh0sbxe32dw8765ikwcqvzdlp8aje 0 97665 882723 2026-07-13T03:45:43Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356861823|Satnām]] » 882723 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Satnām''' ( Punjabi ਸਤਿ ਨਾਮੁ , e vledi vre non), ke yo ka tradui tou kòm '''Satyanām''', se mo prensipal ki parèt nan ekriti sakre Sikh yo rele [[Guru Granth Sahib]] la. Tradisyon Satnampanth la itilize tèm nan tou. == Etimoloji == Tèm nan soti nan mo Sanskrit ''satyanaman'', ki vle di "moun ki gen non se verite". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Satnami-sect|title=Satnami sect|last=Duignan|first=Brian|last2=Stefon|first2=Matt|date=Apr 26, 2021|website=Britannica|access-date=22 December 2025|last3=Doniger|first3=Wendy|last4=Lotha|first4=Gloria}}</ref> == Siyifikasyon == Li fè pati [[Gurbani]] Shabad yo rele [[Mul Mantra|Mool Mantra]] ke Sikh yo repete chak jou. Mo sa a vini apre mo " [[Ik Onkar|Ek Onkar]] " ki vle di "Gen yon sèl konstan" oubyen souvan "Gen yon sèl Bondye." Mo ''sat'' la vle di "vre/etènèl" epi ''nam'' vle di "non". Nan ka sa a, sa ta vle di, "Non li se verite." Yo refere a Satnam kòm Non Bondye a se Vrè e Etènèl. Mo ''"nam"'' nan [[Sikhi]] gen de siyifikasyon. "Li te vle di tou de yon aplikasyon ak yon senbòl Reyalite Siprèm ki Pèmèt Tout bagay la ki soutni linivè a. [[Guru Nanak]] nan ansèyman li yo te mete aksan sou nesesite pou repete "Sat Nam" donk yon moun ka reyalize Reyalite Siprèm ki Pèmèt Tout bagay la." == Itilizasyon == Tèm nan lye okòmansman ak Kabir men li ka anvan li. Li te adopte kòm yon tèm pa plizyè figi relijye nan mouvman Sant lan, tankou [[Guru Nanak]] . Tèm nan ta adopte epi itilize pa divès mouvman Satnami yo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Satnami-sect|title=Satnami sect|last=Duignan|first=Brian|last2=Stefon|first2=Matt|date=Apr 26, 2021|website=Britannica|access-date=22 December 2025|last3=Doniger|first3=Wendy|last4=Lotha|first4=Gloria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDuignanStefonDonigerLotha2021">Duignan, Brian; Stefon, Matt; Doniger, Wendy; Lotha, Gloria (26 April 2021). [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Satnami-sect "Satnami sect"]. ''Britannica''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":0" />{{Referans}} lbop13xavo06tjev1eh3wia80wsr06e 0 97666 882724 2026-07-13T03:57:32Z 1104s72 38991 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323097450|Akal Purakh]] » 882724 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Akal Purakh''' ( Punjabi ਅਕਾਲ ਪੁਰਖ ) se yon non Sikh entèrchanjabl yo itilize pou deziyen Bondye, oubyen [[Divine|divin]] omniprezan an. == Siyifikasyon == [[Fichye:Akal_Ustat_composition_by_Guru_Gobind_Singh_inscribed_on_a_plate_of_the_'Charaina'_(translates_to_“four_mirrors”)_body_armour_worn_by_Guru_Gobind_Singh_in_the_battle_of_Bhangani,_ca.1688.jpg|vignette|Kò zam Guru Gobind Singh, ak vèsè ouvèti "Akal Ustat" - ''Akal Purakh Ki Rachha Hamnai.'']] Literalman, li vle di "yon èt san lanmò". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="Source needed for this literal translation of the term. (May 2023)">sitasyon nesesè</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Premye mo ''Akal'' la, ki literalman "etenal, imòtèl, ki pa tanporèl," se yon tèm entegral nan tradisyon ak filozofi Sikh la. Li lajman itilize nan [[Guru Granth Sahib]] la, ak nan kantik Dasam Granth yo pa [[Guru Gobind Singh]], ki te bay youn nan konpozisyon powetik li yo tit Akal Ustat, sa vle di "An louwanj (Ustati) pou Moun ki Etènèl la (Akal)". Sepandan, konsèp Akal la pa spesifik pou Dasam Granth la. Li remonte nan orijin menm lafwa Sikh la ak Guru Nanak. Tèm ''Kāl'' la refere a "tan," avèk prefiks negatif ''a-'' ajoute pou rann mo ''akal'' la, ki vle di "etenal" oswa "etènèl." Purakh refere a "èt" oswa "antite." Ansanm, de mo yo fòme siyifikasyon "èt etènèl, etènèl". Mo Purakh ( {{Lang|pa|ਪੁਰਖ}} ) se fòm Punjabi Purusha ( {{Lang|sa|पुरुष}} ). Akal Purakh pa refere a yon divinite pèsonifye tankou konsèp kretyen an sou Bondye ki santre sou yon konsèp delivrans pèsonèl, men pito a yon konsèp reyalite final. Li pa ka dekri nèt ale nan mo men moun ki rive nan yon sèten eta meditasyon kote yon moun rive nan liberasyon ka fè eksperyans li. <ref name=":0" /> Akal Purakh te pran pitye pou soufrans limanite ki pran nan ''sansara'', sik kontinyèl renaisans ak lanmò a, epi li te revele pawòl diven yo ( <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">gurshabad</i></nowiki> ) sou fòm ''[[gurbani]]'', anseye pa gourou Sikh siksik siksesif yo bay moun nan limanite ki vle aprann kijan pou yo konnen ak fè eksperyans Akal Purakh. <ref name=":0" /> == Itilizasyon == [[Sikh Rehat Maryada]], ki te prepare pa Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee ([[SGPC]]), pwopoze pou yo itilize tèm Akal Purakh kòm prensipal oswa tèm ofisyèl relijyon Sikh la pou Bondye. Sepandan, nan ekriti Guru Nanak yo, yo jwenn plizyè lòt non pou Bondye ki te itilize pi souvan pase Akal Purakh. Pa egzanp, Guru Nanak te itilize Akal Purakh yon sèl fwa sèlman, tandiske li te itilize Adi Purakh douz fwa, epi Karta Purakh twa fwa. Anplis de sa, Guru Nanak te itilize anpil lòt non pou Bondye ki soti nan lang arab oswa pèsik, e non sa yo te parèt menm pi souvan. Pa egzanp, li te itilize Sahib 137 fwa, Khasam 78 fwa, ak Patishah 23 fwa. == Gade tou == * [[Akal]] * [[Ik Onkar]] * Non Bondye yo * Nirankar * [[Waheguru]] * Purusha == Referans == {{Referans}} o2e63oswqx4bnlajbgmpemfv0nxsnej 882725 882724 2026-07-13T03:58:35Z 1104s72 38991 882725 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Akal Purakh''' ( Punjabi ਅਕਾਲ ਪੁਰਖ ) se yon non Sikh entèrchanjabl yo itilize pou deziyen Bondye, oubyen [[Divine|divin]] omniprezan an. == Siyifikasyon == [[Fichye:Akal_Ustat_composition_by_Guru_Gobind_Singh_inscribed_on_a_plate_of_the_'Charaina'_(translates_to_“four_mirrors”)_body_armour_worn_by_Guru_Gobind_Singh_in_the_battle_of_Bhangani,_ca.1688.jpg|vignette|Kò zam Guru Gobind Singh, ak vèsè ouvèti "Akal Ustat" - ''Akal Purakh Ki Rachha Hamnai.'']] Literalman, li vle di "yon èt san lanmò". Premye mo ''Akal'' la, ki literalman "etenal, imòtèl, ki pa tanporèl," se yon tèm entegral nan tradisyon ak filozofi Sikh la. Li lajman itilize nan [[Guru Granth Sahib]] la, ak nan kantik Dasam Granth yo pa [[Guru Gobind Singh]], ki te bay youn nan konpozisyon powetik li yo tit Akal Ustat, sa vle di "An louwanj (Ustati) pou Moun ki Etènèl la (Akal)". Sepandan, konsèp Akal la pa spesifik pou Dasam Granth la. Li remonte nan orijin menm lafwa Sikh la ak Guru Nanak. Tèm ''Kāl'' la refere a "tan," avèk prefiks negatif ''a-'' ajoute pou rann mo ''akal'' la, ki vle di "etenal" oswa "etènèl." Purakh refere a "èt" oswa "antite." Ansanm, de mo yo fòme siyifikasyon "èt etènèl, etènèl". Mo Purakh ( {{Lang|pa|ਪੁਰਖ}} ) se fòm Punjabi Purusha ( {{Lang|sa|पुरुष}} ). Akal Purakh pa refere a yon divinite pèsonifye tankou konsèp kretyen an sou Bondye ki santre sou yon konsèp delivrans pèsonèl, men pito a yon konsèp reyalite final. Li pa ka dekri nèt ale nan mo men moun ki rive nan yon sèten eta meditasyon kote yon moun rive nan liberasyon ka fè eksperyans li. <ref name=":0" /> Akal Purakh te pran pitye pou soufrans limanite ki pran nan ''sansara'', sik kontinyèl renaisans ak lanmò a, epi li te revele pawòl diven yo ( <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">gurshabad</i></nowiki> ) sou fòm ''[[gurbani]]'', anseye pa gourou Sikh siksik siksesif yo bay moun nan limanite ki vle aprann kijan pou yo konnen ak fè eksperyans Akal Purakh. <ref name=":0" /> == Itilizasyon == [[Sikh Rehat Maryada]], ki te prepare pa Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee ([[SGPC]]), pwopoze pou yo itilize tèm Akal Purakh kòm prensipal oswa tèm ofisyèl relijyon Sikh la pou Bondye. Sepandan, nan ekriti Guru Nanak yo, yo jwenn plizyè lòt non pou Bondye ki te itilize pi souvan pase Akal Purakh. Pa egzanp, Guru Nanak te itilize Akal Purakh yon sèl fwa sèlman, tandiske li te itilize Adi Purakh douz fwa, epi Karta Purakh twa fwa. Anplis de sa, Guru Nanak te itilize anpil lòt non pou Bondye ki soti nan lang arab oswa pèsik, e non sa yo te parèt menm pi souvan. Pa egzanp, li te itilize Sahib 137 fwa, Khasam 78 fwa, ak Patishah 23 fwa. == Gade tou == * [[Akal]] * [[Ik Onkar]] * Non Bondye yo * Nirankar * [[Waheguru]] * Purusha == Referans == {{Referans}} kf1duurzg8fagy58lou052uxl4p31uk