Wikipedya htwiki https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj_Prensipal MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Medya Espesyal Diskite Itilizatè Diskisyon Itilizatè Wikipedya Diskisyon Wikipedya Fichye Diskisyon Fichye MedyaWiki Diskisyon MedyaWiki Modèl Diskisyon Modèl Èd Diskisyon Èd Kategori Diskisyon Kategori TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Jezi 0 2476 889153 889101 2026-10-23T05:06:53Z Kitanago 19629 889153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | non = Jezi Kris | imaj = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | taille image = 200 | lejand = [[Christ pantocrator (Sinaï)|Christ pantocrator nan monastè Sent-Katrin Sinaï]], {{sap-|VI}} | tit = [[Jezi Nazarèt]] ak Pitit Bondye a | dat nesans = ant [[7 av. J.-K.|7]] ak [[5 av. J.-K.|5 anvan epòk nou an]] | lye nesans = [[Bètleyèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]), selon Levanjil yo ; [[Nazarèt]] nan [[Galile (rejyon)|Galile]], selon yon majorite istoryen. | dat lanmò = ant [[30]] et [[33]]<ref>Aujourd'hui, la très grande majorité des chercheurs donnent 30 ou 33, selon la longueur qu'ils estiment du ministère de Jésus, mais selon la tradition, il est mort à trente-trois ans : selon ses dates supposées de naissance, cela donne entre 26 et 28 ; cf. {{chapitre|langue=en|prénom1=Stanley E.|nom1=Porter|titre chapitre=Chronology of the New Testament|auteurs ouvrage=David Noel Freedman et Allen C. Myers (dirs.)|titre ouvrage=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|éditeur=Amsterdam University Press|année=2000|isbn=9789053565032|passage=250}}. Quelques-uns donnent 29 et une petite minorité va jusqu'à 36 ; voir la synthèse de {{Ouvrage|prénom1=Raymond E.|nom1=Brown|lien auteur1=Raymond Edward Brown|titre=La Mort du Messie|éditeur=[[Éditions Bayard|Bayard]]|année=2005|pages totales=1695|passage=1552|isbn=978-2-227-35025-0}} </ref> | lye lanmò = [[Jerizalèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]) | laj lanmò = Anviwon 35 an | non nesans = | lòt non = [[Jezi Nazarèt]]<br />[[Mesi]]<br />[[Trinite (chrisyanis)|Bondye]] | nasyonalite = }} '''Jezi'''{{efn|{{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{transliteration|grc|Iēsoús}}, gen chans soti nan {{langx|he|יֵשׁוּעַ|label=[[Hebrew|ebre]] oswa [[Aramaic|arameyen]]}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{tlit|und|[[Yeshua|Yēšūaʿ]]}} }} ({{circa|6 a 4 anvan Jezikri}}<!-- "By collating the gospel accounts with historical data and using various other methods, most scholars arrive at a date of birth between 6 and 4 BC for Jesus, though scholarly arguments for a date of birth between 7 and 1 BC have been made" in 'Chronology' section -->{{snd}}ane 30 oswa 33 apre Jezikri), ke yo rele tou '''Jezikri''',{{efn|[[Coptic language|Kopt]]: {{lang|cop|Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ́ρⲓⲥτⲟⲥ}}; [[Geʽez]]: {{lang|gez|መሲህ ኢየሱስ}}; [[Koine Greek|Grèk]]: {{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}; [[Classical Hebrew|Ebre]]: {{lang|hbo|ישוע המשיח}}; [[Latin|Laten]]: {{lang|la|Iesus Christus}}; [[Church Slavonic|Slavon]]: {{lang|cu|І҆исоу́съ Хрїсто́съ}}; [[Classical Syriac|Siryak]]: {{lang|syc|ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ}}}} '''Jezi Nazarèt''', epi pa [[Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament|lòt non ak tit]] ankò, se te yon predikatè [[Jewish|jwif]] ak [[List of founders of religious traditions|lidè relijye]] ki te aktif nan [[Judaea (Roman province)|pwovens women Jide]] pandan 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} <!-- Do not merge these. Jesus is — not was — the central figure of Christianity. -->Li se [[Jesus in Christianity|figi santral]] [[Christianity|Kretyen]], [[major religious groups|pi gwo relijyon nan mond lan]]. Pifò [[Christian denominations|branch kretyen]] konsidere Jezi kòm [[Incarnation (Christianity)|enkanasyon]] [[God the Son|Bondye Pitit la]] ak [[Messiah#Christianity|Mesi]] oswa [[Christ (title)|Kris]] yo t ap tann nan. Istwa [[Life of Jesus|lavi Jezi]] yo kontni nan [[Gospel|Evanjil yo]], sitou nan [[four canonical Gospels|kat evanjil kanonik]] [[New Testament|Nouvo Testaman an]]. Depi [[Age of Enlightenment|Syèk Limyè yo]], [[quest for the historical Jesus|rechèch akademik]] pwodui divès opinyon sou [[historical reliability of the Gospels|fyabilite istorik evanjil yo]] ak nan ki mezi yo reflete [[historical Jesus|Jezi istorik la]],{{sfn|Powell|1998|pp=168–173}}{{efn|Ehrman ekri: "Lide ki di istwa evanjil yo pa konplètman egzak men yo toujou enpòtan pou verite relijye yo eseye transmèt la, se yon lide ki byen pataje nan mond chèchè yo, menmsi li pa byen konnen ni kwè deyò mond sa a."<ref>Bart D. Ehrman. [http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium']. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123155853/https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html |date=23 January 2019 }} Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.), The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24{{Clarify|reason=It's unclear if this citation is for one source or multiple sources. Is it a book or an audio lecture?|date=October 2025}}</ref><br />Sanders ekri: "Premye kretyen yo pa t ekri yon naratif sou lavi Jezi, men yo te itilize epi konsa konsève inite endividyèl yo—ti pasaj sou pawòl ak aksyon li. Pita, otè ak editè yo te deplase epi achte inite sa yo. [...] Gen kèk materyèl ki te revize epi gen lòt premye kretyen yo te kreye."{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=57}}}}{{Sfn|Bowman Jr.|Komoszewski|2019|p=22–23}}<ref>{{Cite journal|author-first1=Craig A. |author-last1=Evans|url=https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/54.1.1.pdf|title=Life-of-Jesus Research and the Eclipse of Mythology|journal=Theological Studies |volume=54 |year=1993|pages= 13–14|quote=First, the New Testament Gospels are now viewed as useful, if not essentially reliable, historical sources. Gone is the extreme skepticism that for so many years dominated gospel research. Representative of many is the position of E. P. Sanders and Marcus Borg, who have concluded that it is possible to recover a fairly reliable picture of the historical Jesus.}}</ref><!---- The following paragraph was created by consensus after considerable discussion by a variety of editors. Out of courtesy for this process, please discuss any proposed changes on the talk page before editing it. ----><!-- PLEASE READ THIS FIRST. The following references are WP:RS sources that are used per WP:RS/AC guideline. The issue has been discussed on the talk page at length See the "talk page FAQ" about it; it may answer your question. The main source says "scholars of antiquity", other sources say "scholars", "biblical scholars and classical historians" and "historians". Sources do not say "X scholars" or "Christian scholars", so do not modify it as such, for that will make it deviate from what the sources state. The source says "virtually all", so do NOT change it to "most", "several", "many", etc. Thank you. ----> men prèske tout chèchè modèn [[classical antiquity|ansyènte]] dakò ke [[Historicity of Jesus|Jezi te egziste istorikman]].{{efn |name=exist|Nan yon revizyon etid modèn yo an 2011, [[Bart D. Ehrman]] te ekri, "Li sètènman te egziste, jan prèske tout chèchè konpetan ansyènte, kretyen kou pa kretyen, dakò sou sa."{{sfn|Ehrman|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376/page/n298 285]}} [[Richard A. Burridge]] di: "Gen moun ki sipòte lide ke Jezi se yon envansyon imajinasyon Legliz la, ke pat gen okenn Jezi menm. Mwen oblije di mwen pa konnen okenn chèchè kritik respektab ki di sa ankò."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jesus Now and Then |first1=Richard A. |last1=Burridge |first2=Graham |last2=Gould |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34 34] |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34}}</ref> [[Robert M. Price]] pa kwè Jezi te egziste men li dakò ke pèspektiv sa a kontrè ak opinyon majorite chèchè yo.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Robert M. |last=Price |title=Jesus at the Vanishing Point |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus: Five Views |editor-last1=Beilby |editor-last2=Eddy |year=2009 |publisher=InterVarsity |isbn=978-0-8308-7853-6 |editor-first=James K. |pages=55, 61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |editor2-first=Paul R. |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112540/https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[James D. G. Dunn]] rele teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo "yon tèz konplètman mouri".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Dunn|first=J. D. G.|author-link1=James Dunn (theologian)|title=Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus |encyclopedia=Sacrifice and Redemption |editor-first1=Stephen W. |editor-last1=Sykes |editor-link1= Stephen Sykes|year=2007 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511659522.005 |isbn=978-0-521-04460-8 |pages=35–36}}</ref> Dapre [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]] (yon [[classicist|klasisis]]), "Nan dènye ane yo [an 2004], 'okenn chèchè serye pa janm ozewa sipoze Jezi pa t egziste istorikman' oswa omwen trè piti, epi yo pa reyisi elimine prèv ki pi solid, vrèman abondan, ki di kontrè a."<ref>{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Grant |title=Jesus|publisher=Phoenix |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-684-14889-2 |page=200}}</ref> [[Robert E. Van Voorst]] di chèchè biblik ak istoryen klasik konsidere teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo kòm efektivman refite.{{sfn|Van Voorst|2000|p=16}} Nan yon atik pou ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', [[Candida Moss]] ak Joel Baden di, "gen yon konsansis prèske inivèsèl nan mitan chèchè biblik yo&nbsp;– pa vre yo omwen&nbsp;– ke Jezi te, an reyalite, yon vrè nonm."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |title=So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=5 October 2014 |author-first2=Joel |author-last2=Baden |author-link1=Candida Moss|author-first1=Candida |author-last1=Moss |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205210029/https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Dapre [[Christian tradition|tradisyon kretyen]], jan yo prezante l nan Evanjil yo ak [[Acts of the Apostles|Travay Apot yo]], Jezi [[Circumcision of Jesus|te sikonsi]] nan wityèm jou, [[Presentation of Jesus|prezante]] nan [[Temple in Jerusalem|Tanp Jerizalèm]] nan karantyèm jou. Jan [[John the Baptist|Jan Batis]] te [[Baptism of Jesus|batize]] li lè li te yon jenn adilt, epi apre [[Temptation of Christ|40 jou ak 40 nwit]] jèn nan [[Judaean Desert|dezè Jide a]], li te kòmanse [[Ministry of Jesus|ministè piblik li]]. Li te yon [[itinerant teacher|metèd ekòl vwayajè]] ke disip li yo te kwè li te gen otorite divin pou entèprete [[Halakha|lalwa jwif la]]. Jezi souvan te diskite ak lòt jwif, pi souvan [[Pharisees|farizyen]] ak [[Sadducees|sadiseyen]], sou pi bon fason pou swiv [[God in Judaism|Bondye]]; li te fè gerizon; li te anseye nan [[Parables of Jesus|parabòl]]; epi li te rasanble disip, 12 nan yo li te chwazi kòm [[Apostles in the New Testament|apot]] li. Dapre istwa Nouvo Testaman yo, Jezi te arete nan [[Jerusalem|Jerizalèm]] epi [[Sanhedrin trial of Jesus|jije]] pa [[Sanhedrin|Sanedren an]];{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=11}} apre sa yo te lanse l bay otorite women yo, epi li te [[Crucifixion of Jesus|krisifye]] sou lòd [[Pontius Pilate|Ponsyis Pilat]], prefè women [[Judaea (Roman province)|Jide]]. Nan [[Christian theology|teyoloji kretyen]], [[Resurrection of Jesus|Rezirèksyon]] se evènman kote Jezi te leve soti vivan nan [[dead|lanmò]], twa jou apre lanmò li, epi kwayans sa a te vin fondasyon [[Early Christianity|Legliz kretyen primitif la]], ki te elaji nan yon [[spread of Christianity|mouvman mondyal]].{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=11, 14}} Teyoloji kretyen gen ladan l kwayans ke Jezi te konsevwa pa [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Sentespri]], te [[Virgin birth of Jesus|fèt nan yon vyèj]] ki rele [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mari]], te fè [[Miracles of Jesus|mirak]], te fonde [[Christian Church|Legliz kretyen an]], te mouri sou kwa kòm yon sakrifis pou [[Atonement in Christianity|ekspiyasyon peche]], te leve soti vivan pa Bondye Papa a, epi te [[Ascension of Jesus|monte]] nan [[Heaven in Christianity|Syèl la]], kote li pral retounen. Kretyen jeneralman kwè Jezi pèmèt moun [[God in Christianity|rekonsilye ak Bondye]]. [[Nicene Creed|Kredo Nise a]] afime Jezi pral [[Last Judgment|jije vivan yo ak mò yo]], swa [[Intermediate state (Christianity)|anvan]] swa [[Christian mortalism|apre]] [[Resurrection of the dead#Christianity|rezirèksyon kò yo]], yon evènman ki asosye ak [[Second Coming|Dezyèm Vini Jezi a]] nan [[Christian eschatology|eskatoloji kretyen]]. Anpil branch kretyen konsidere Jezi kòm enkanasyon Bondye Pitit la, dezyèm nan twa [[prosopon|pèsòn]] [[Trinity|Trinite a]].{{efn|Yon ti minorite nan konfesyon kretyen rejte trinitarism, nèt oswa an pati, kòm ki pa nan Ekriti yo.}} [[birth of Jesus|Nesans Jezi]] nan vil [[Judea|jide]] [[Bethlehem|Betleyèm]] nan selebre chak ane, jeneralman nan 25 desanm,{{efn|Pifò kretyen ak [[Alawites|alawit]] selebre Nwèl. Yon pati nan [[Eastern Christian|legliz kretyen oryantal]] yo selebre Nwèl nan 25 desanm [[Julian calendar|kalandriye jilyen]], ki kounye a koresponn ak 7 janvye nan [[Gregorian calendar|kalandriye gregoryen]]. Selebrasyon Nwèl yo kòmanse nan [[Christmas Eve|Veyè Nwèl]], jeneralman 24 desanm.}} kòm [[Christmas|Nwèl]]. [[crucifixion|Krisifiksyon]] li komemore nan [[Good Friday|Vandredi Sen]] epi rezirèksyon li nan [[Easter Sunday|Dimanch Pak]]. [[calendar era|Epòk kalandriye]] ki pi lajman itilize nan mond lan—kote ane aktyèl la se [[Anno Domini|AD]] {{CURRENTYEAR}} (oswa {{CURRENTYEAR}} [[Common Era|CE]])—tradisyonèlman baze sou [[date of the birth of Jesus|dat apwoksimatif nesans Jezi]].<ref>{{cite dictionary |year=2003 |title=anno Domini |dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Anno%20Domini |access-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222112520/http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/anno%20domini |archive-date=22 December 2007 |quote=Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of our Lord |url-status=live}}.</ref> [[Jewish views on Jesus|Jidayis dominan an rejte]] kwayans ke Jezi te mesi yo t ap tann nan, e li di li pat akonpli [[Messiah in Judaism|pwofesi mesyanik yo]], li pat [[anointed|onksyone]] nan fòm lalwa, epi li pat ni divin ni resisite. Kontrèman, [[Jesus in Islam|Jezi nan Islam]]{{efn|Souvan yo rele l pa non koranik li, {{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[Isa (name)|ʿĪsā]]}}}} konsidere kòm [[Messiah#Islam|mesi a]] ak yon [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|pwofèt]] [[God in Islam|Bondye]], ki te voye bay [[Israelites|Izrayelit yo]] epi ki [[Second Coming#Islam|pral retounen sou Latè]] anvan [[Judgement Day in Islam|Jou Jijman an]]. [[Muslims|Mizilman]] kwè Jezi te fèt nan vyèj [[Mary in Islam|Mari]] men li pat ni Bondye ni pitit Bondye. Pifò Mizilman [[Islamic views on Jesus's death|pa kwè yo te touye l oswa krisifye l]], men Bondye [[Entering heaven alive|te leve l nan Syèl la pandan li te toujou vivan]].{{efn|Gen kèk Mizilman nan Mwayennaj ki te kwè Jezi te krisifye, kon manm mouvman modèn Ahmadiyya a; gade {{slink||Islamic perspectives}}.}} Jezi tou venere nan [[Baháʼí Faith|Lafwa Bahayi]] ak [[Druze faith|relijyon dwouz]], ansanm ak nan [[Rastafari|Rastafari]]. {{TOC limit|3}} == Non == {{Further|Jesus (name)|Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament|Holy Name of Jesus|Names of God in Christianity}} [[File:JesusYeshua2.svg|thumb|Soti anwo agòch: transkripsyon [[Aramaic|arameyen]], [[Hebrew|ebre]], [[Greek language|grèk]], [[Latin|laten]] ak angle non ''Jezi'']] Yon jwif nan tan Jezi souvan [[Jewish name|te gen yon sèl non]], pafwa swivi pa yon fraz [[patronymic|patwonimik]] ki gen fòm "pitit [non papa a]", oswa pa vil kote li soti a.<ref name="Britannica" /> Konsa, nan Nouvo Testaman an, souvan yo refere a Jezi kòm "Jezi [[Nazareth|Nazarèt]]".{{efn|Atik sa a itilize sitasyon ki soti nan [[New Revised Standard Version|Nouvo Vèsyon Revize Estanda]] Bib la.}} Vwazen Jezi yo nan Nazarèt te rele l "bòs bòs la, pitit [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mari]] ak frè [[James, brother of Jesus|Jak]], [[Joses, brother of James the younger|Jozès]], [[Jude, brother of Jesus|Jid]] ak [[Simon, brother of Jesus|Simon]]", "pitit bòs bòs la", oswa "pitit [[Saint Joseph|Jozèf]]"; nan [[Gospel of John|Evanjil Jan an]], disip [[Philip the Apostle|Filip]] rele l "Jezi pitit Jozèf, moun Nazarèt".<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:45}}</ref> Non ''Jezi'' se transliterasyon angle, atravè laten ''Iesus'', de {{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, ki se vèsyon grèk non ebre יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ ''Yehoshua'' (Yehōšuᵃʿ).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Greek: 2424. Ἰησοῦς (Iésous) -- Jesus |url=https://biblehub.com/greek/2424.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The Greek name corresponds to the Hebrew "Joshua."''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1">{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The name Jesus, in Greek, answers to Joshua, or rather, Jehoshuah, in Hebrew, which signifies Jehovah shall save;'' […] ''It was not without reason that the successor of Moses was called by this name; for, by subduing the Canaanites, and putting the tribes of Israel in possession of the promised land, he showed himself to be, under God, the Saviour of his people. But this name agrees much better to our Jesus, who both delivers his followers from much more dangerous enemies, and divides unto them a much more glorious inheritance.''}}</ref> Non ebre/[[Aramaic|arameyen]] sa a te komen nan mitan jwif [[Judea|jide]] yo nan epòk nesans Jezi,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Barnes' Notes |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''It was a very common name among the Jews.''}}</ref> byenke nan peryòd sa a li te deja rakousi an יֵשׁוּעַ ''[[Yeshua]]'' (Yešūᵃʿ);<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3442. יֵשׁ֫וּעַ (Yeshua) -- Yeshua, Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3442.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûaʿ) is the late, shortened spelling of the earlier name יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (Yehōšûaʿ, "Joshua").}}</ref> kontraksyon an te deja fèt nan liv biblik ki pi ta tankou [[Book of Nehemiah|Neyemi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=H3442 - yēšûaʿ - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) |url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/gen/1/1/s_1001 |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=Blue Letter Bible |quote=''Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon: יֵשׁוּעַ [Jeshua] a contracted form of the proper name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ used in the later Hebrew ... proper name of other men, mentioned in the books of Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah''}}</ref> kote yo rele [[Joshua|Jozye]] ''Yeshua''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehemiah 8:17 Hebrew Interlinear: ... for the sons of Israel had not done, from the days of '''Jeshua [יֵשׁוּעַ, Yeshua] son of Nun''' ... |url=https://biblehub.com/interlinear/nehemiah/8-17.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> Non an vle di "[[Tetragrammaton|Bondye]] sove" an ebre, literalman "[[Yahweh|Yawe]] sove",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3091. יְהוֹשׁ֫וּעַ (Yehoshua) -- Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Both Joshua son of Nun and Jesus of Nazareth bear the name "Yahweh saves"''}}</ref> soti nan [[Hebrew root|rasin]] ישׁע (''y-š-ʿ,'' 'sove') ak non יְשׁוּעָה (''yeshuah'', 'sali'). [[Gospel of Matthew|Evanjil Matye a]] afime siyifikasyon etimolojik non Jezi a klèman nan pwofesi zanj lan bay Jozèf sou nesans li: "w ap rele l Jezi (Ἰησοῦς), paske l ap sove pèp li a anba peche yo".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:21}}.</ref> Chèchè yo bay enpòtans teyolojik a lefèt ke siksesè [[Moses|Moyiz]], [[Joshua|Jozye]], pote menm non ak Jezi nan grèk, ebre ak arameyen orijinal yo, paske souvan yo fè yon paralèl ant de lidè yo ak etimoloji non yo pataje a ('sove'): Jozye mennen jwif yo nan [[Promised Land|Peyi Pwomiz la]], pandan nan Kretyen Jezi konprann kòm moun ki sove jwif ak [[Gentile|payen]] anba peche yo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Matthew Poole's Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua had his name from the same word, because he was to be a temporal saviour to save the Jews, the whole body of the Jews, from the Canaanites their enemies. This Jesus was to save his people, all that should believe in his name, whether Jews or Gentiles, from their sins.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Vincent's Word Studies |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/vws/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Under Joshua the enemies of Israel were conquered, and the people established in the Promised Land. So Jesus leads his people in the fight with sin and temptation.''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua who led the Israelites into the Promised Land, and Joshua or Jeshua, who was high priest at the time of the return from the Babylonish Captivity, are types of Jesus Christ in respect both of work and name.''}}</ref> === Jezikri === {{Further|Christ (title)}} Depi 1ye syèk la, kretyen yo souvan refere a Jezi kòm "Jezikri".{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=212}} Mo [[Christ (title)|''Kris'']] la pa yon non bay men se te orijinèlman yon [[threefold office|tit oswa yon biwo]] ("Kris la"), ki vle di "[[Messiah|Mesi a]]".{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=30–31}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Theology of the New Testament |first=Rudolf K. |last=Bultmann |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-932792-93-5 |page=80 |publisher=Baylor University Press}}</ref> Tèm nan soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|[[wikt:Χριστός|Χριστός]]}} ({{tlit|grc|Christos}}),<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle= Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ |first=Anthony J. |last= Maas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Heil |first=John P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |title=Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-58983-482-8 |page=66 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173832/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> yon [[calque|kalk]] mo ebre {{lang|he|[[wikt:מָשִׁיחַ|משיח]]}} {{tlit|he|[[Messiah in Judaism|mashiakh]]}} (Mašiᵃḥ), ki transliterasyone an angle kòm ''messiah''.{{sfn|Vine|1940|pp=274–275}} Tèm ebre a vle di "[[anointed|onksyone]]", soti nan vèb מָשַׁח (''mashaḥ''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 4886. מָשַׁח (mashach)|url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4886.htm|access-date=21 January 2026|website=biblehub.com|quote=Lexical summary: "to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint"}}</ref> Nan jidayis biblik la, [[Holy anointing oil|lwil sakre]] te itilize pou onksyone kèk moun ak objè eksepsyonèlman sakre kòm yon pati nan envestitir relijyez yo.<ref>Gade [[Leviticus|Levitik]] 8:10–12 ak [[Exodus 30|Egzòd 30]]:29.</ref> Nan [[Septuagint|Septant la]], yo te tradui mo ebre a an grèk kòm χριστός (''christos''), ki vle di "onksyone",<ref>{{Cite web |title=χριστός Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χριστός&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=of persons, anointed}}</ref> soti nan vèb χρίω (''chrio''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=χρίω Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χρίω&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=Autenrieth: smear with oil, anoint, LSJ: rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil}}</ref> Premye kretyen yo te nonmen Jezi "Kris la" paske yo te kwè li se Mesi a ("moun ki onksyone a") ki te [[Jesus and messianic prophecy|pwofetize]] nan [[Hebrew Bible|Bib ebre a]] (Ansyen Testaman an). Nan itilizasyon apre epòk biblik la, ''Kris'' te vin wè kòm yon non—yon pati nan "Jezikri". Tèm ''[[Christian|kretyen]]'', ki vle di yon disip Kris, ap itilize depi 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA142 142]}} j406g5ntxg0100bm7u2hqj2pxcd10ya 889164 889153 2026-10-23T05:32:43Z Kitanago 19629 889164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | non = Jezi Kris | imaj = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | taille image = 200 | lejand = [[Christ pantocrator (Sinaï)|Christ pantocrator nan monastè Sent-Katrin Sinaï]], {{sap-|VI}} | tit = [[Jezi Nazarèt]] ak Pitit Bondye a | dat nesans = ant [[7 av. J.-K.|7]] ak [[5 av. J.-K.|5 anvan epòk nou an]] | lye nesans = [[Bètleyèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]), selon Levanjil yo ; [[Nazarèt]] nan [[Galile (rejyon)|Galile]], selon yon majorite istoryen. | dat lanmò = ant [[30]] et [[33]]<ref>Aujourd'hui, la très grande majorité des chercheurs donnent 30 ou 33, selon la longueur qu'ils estiment du ministère de Jésus, mais selon la tradition, il est mort à trente-trois ans : selon ses dates supposées de naissance, cela donne entre 26 et 28 ; cf. {{chapitre|langue=en|prénom1=Stanley E.|nom1=Porter|titre chapitre=Chronology of the New Testament|auteurs ouvrage=David Noel Freedman et Allen C. Myers (dirs.)|titre ouvrage=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|éditeur=Amsterdam University Press|année=2000|isbn=9789053565032|passage=250}}. Quelques-uns donnent 29 et une petite minorité va jusqu'à 36 ; voir la synthèse de {{Ouvrage|prénom1=Raymond E.|nom1=Brown|lien auteur1=Raymond Edward Brown|titre=La Mort du Messie|éditeur=[[Éditions Bayard|Bayard]]|année=2005|pages totales=1695|passage=1552|isbn=978-2-227-35025-0}} </ref> | lye lanmò = [[Jerizalèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]) | laj lanmò = Anviwon 35 an | non nesans = | lòt non = [[Jezi Nazarèt]]<br />[[Mesi]]<br />[[Trinite (chrisyanis)|Bondye]] | nasyonalite = }} '''Jezi'''{{efn|{{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{transliteration|grc|Iēsoús}}, gen chans soti nan {{langx|he|יֵשׁוּעַ|label=[[Lang ebre|ebre]] oswa [[Arameyen|arameyen]]}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{tlit|und|[[Yeshua|Yēšūaʿ]]}} }} ({{circa|6 a 4 anvan Jezikri}}<!-- "By collating the gospel accounts with historical data and using various other methods, most scholars arrive at a date of birth between 6 and 4 BC for Jesus, though scholarly arguments for a date of birth between 7 and 1 BC have been made" in 'Chronology' section -->{{snd}}ane 30 oswa 33 apre Jezikri), ke yo rele tou '''Jezikri''',{{efn|[[Kopt (lang)|Kopt]]: {{lang|cop|Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ́ρⲓⲥτⲟⲥ}}; [[Geʽez]]: {{lang|gez|መሲህ ኢየሱስ}}; [[Grèk koine|Grèk]]: {{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}; [[Ebre klasik|Ebre]]: {{lang|hbo|ישוע המשיח}}; [[Laten]]: {{lang|la|Iesus Christus}}; [[Slavon legliz|Slavon]]: {{lang|cu|І҆исоу́съ Хрїсто́съ}}; [[Siryak klasik|Siryak]]: {{lang|syc|ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ}}}} '''Jezi Nazarèt''', epi pa [[Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|lòt non ak tit]] ankò, se te yon predikatè [[Jwif|jwif]] ak [[Lis fondatè tradisyon relijye|lidè relijye]] ki te aktif nan [[Jide (pwovens women)|pwovens women Jide]] pandan 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} <!-- Do not merge these. Jesus is — not was — the central figure of Christianity. -->Li se [[Jezi nan Krisyanis|figi santral]] [[Krisyanis]], [[Gwo gwoup relijyon yo|pi gwo relijyon nan mond lan]]. Pifò [[Konfesyon kretyen|branch kretyen]] konsidere Jezi kòm [[Enkanasyon (Krisyanis)|enkanasyon]] [[Bondye Pitit la]] ak [[Mesi#Krisyanis|Mesi]] oswa [[Kris (tit)|Kris]] yo t ap tann nan. Istwa [[Lavi Jezi|lavi Jezi]] yo kontni nan [[Evanjil|Evanjil yo]], sitou nan [[Kat evanjil kanonik yo|kat evanjil kanonik]] [[Nouvo Testaman|Nouvo Testaman an]]. Depi [[Syèk Limyè yo]], [[Rechèch Jezi istorik la|rechèch akademik]] pwodui divès opinyon sou [[Fyabilite istorik evanjil yo|fyabilite istorik evanjil yo]] ak nan ki mezi yo reflete [[Jezi istorik|Jezi istorik la]],{{sfn|Powell|1998|pp=168–173}}{{efn|Ehrman ekri: "Lide ki di istwa evanjil yo pa konplètman egzak men yo toujou enpòtan pou verite relijye yo eseye transmèt la, se yon lide ki byen pataje nan mond chèchè yo, menmsi li pa byen konnen ni kwè deyò mond sa a."<ref>Bart D. Ehrman. [http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium']. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123155853/https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html |date=23 January 2019 }} Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.), The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24{{Clarify|reason=It's unclear if this citation is for one source or multiple sources. Is it a book or an audio lecture?|date=October 2025}}</ref><br />Sanders ekri: "Premye kretyen yo pa t ekri yon naratif sou lavi Jezi, men yo te itilize epi konsa konsève inite endividyèl yo—ti pasaj sou pawòl ak aksyon li. Pita, otè ak editè yo te deplase epi achte inite sa yo. [...] Gen kèk materyèl ki te revize epi gen lòt premye kretyen yo te kreye."{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=57}}}}{{Sfn|Bowman Jr.|Komoszewski|2019|p=22–23}}<ref>{{Cite journal|author-first1=Craig A. |author-last1=Evans|url=https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/54.1.1.pdf|title=Life-of-Jesus Research and the Eclipse of Mythology|journal=Theological Studies |volume=54 |year=1993|pages= 13–14|quote=First, the New Testament Gospels are now viewed as useful, if not essentially reliable, historical sources. Gone is the extreme skepticism that for so many years dominated gospel research. Representative of many is the position of E. P. Sanders and Marcus Borg, who have concluded that it is possible to recover a fairly reliable picture of the historical Jesus.}}</ref><!---- The following paragraph was created by consensus after considerable discussion by a variety of editors. Out of courtesy for this process, please discuss any proposed changes on the talk page before editing it. ----><!-- PLEASE READ THIS FIRST. The following references are WP:RS sources that are used per WP:RS/AC guideline. The issue has been discussed on the talk page at length See the "talk page FAQ" about it; it may answer your question. The main source says "scholars of antiquity", other sources say "scholars", "biblical scholars and classical historians" and "historians". Sources do not say "X scholars" or "Christian scholars", so do not modify it as such, for that will make it deviate from what the sources state. The source says "virtually all", so do NOT change it to "most", "several", "many", etc. Thank you. ----> men prèske tout chèchè modèn [[Ansyènte klasik|ansyènte]] dakò ke [[Istorisite Jezi|Jezi te egziste istorikman]].{{efn |name=exist|Nan yon revizyon etid modèn yo an 2011, [[Bart D. Ehrman]] te ekri, "Li sètènman te egziste, jan prèske tout chèchè konpetan ansyènte, kretyen kou pa kretyen, dakò sou sa."{{sfn|Ehrman|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376/page/n298 285]}} [[Richard A. Burridge]] di: "Gen moun ki sipòte lide ke Jezi se yon envansyon imajinasyon Legliz la, ke pat gen okenn Jezi menm. Mwen oblije di mwen pa konnen okenn chèchè kritik respektab ki di sa ankò."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jesus Now and Then |first1=Richard A. |last1=Burridge |first2=Graham |last2=Gould |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34 34] |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34}}</ref> [[Robert M. Price]] pa kwè Jezi te egziste men li dakò ke pèspektiv sa a kontrè ak opinyon majorite chèchè yo.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Robert M. |last=Price |title=Jesus at the Vanishing Point |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus: Five Views |editor-last1=Beilby |editor-last2=Eddy |year=2009 |publisher=InterVarsity |isbn=978-0-8308-7853-6 |editor-first=James K. |pages=55, 61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |editor2-first=Paul R. |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112540/https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[James D. G. Dunn]] rele teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo "yon tèz konplètman mouri".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Dunn|first=J. D. G.|author-link1=James Dunn (theologian)|title=Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus |encyclopedia=Sacrifice and Redemption |editor-first1=Stephen W. |editor-last1=Sykes |editor-link1= Stephen Sykes|year=2007 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511659522.005 |isbn=978-0-521-04460-8 |pages=35–36}}</ref> Dapre [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]] (yon [[Klasisis|klasisis]]), "Nan dènye ane yo [an 2004], 'okenn chèchè serye pa janm ozewa sipoze Jezi pa t egziste istorikman' oswa omwen trè piti, epi yo pa reyisi elimine prèv ki pi solid, vrèman abondan, ki di kontrè a."<ref>{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Grant |title=Jesus|publisher=Phoenix |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-684-14889-2 |page=200}}</ref> [[Robert E. Van Voorst]] di chèchè biblik ak istoryen klasik konsidere teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo kòm efektivman refite.{{sfn|Van Voorst|2000|p=16}} Nan yon atik pou ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', [[Candida Moss]] ak Joel Baden di, "gen yon konsansis prèske inivèsèl nan mitan chèchè biblik yo&nbsp;– pa vre yo omwen&nbsp;– ke Jezi te, an reyalite, yon vrè nonm."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |title=So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=5 October 2014 |author-first2=Joel |author-last2=Baden |author-link1=Candida Moss|author-first1=Candida |author-last1=Moss |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205210029/https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Dapre [[Tradisyon kretyen|tradisyon kretyen]], jan yo prezante l nan Evanjil yo ak [[Travay Apot yo]], Jezi [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|te sikonsi]] nan wityèm jou, [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezante]] nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] nan karantyèm jou. Jan [[Jan Batis]] te [[Batèm Jezi|batize]] li lè li te yon jenn adilt, epi apre [[Tantasyon Kris|40 jou ak 40 nwit]] jèn nan [[Dezè Jide a|dezè Jide a]], li te kòmanse [[Ministè Jezi|ministè piblik li]]. Li te yon [[Metèd vwayajè|metèd ekòl vwayajè]] ke disip li yo te kwè li te gen otorite divin pou entèprete [[Halakha|lalwa jwif la]]. Jezi souvan te diskite ak lòt jwif, pi souvan [[Farizyen|farizyen]] ak [[Sadiseyen|sadiseyen]], sou pi bon fason pou swiv [[Bondye nan jidayis|Bondye]]; li te fè gerizon; li te anseye nan [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]]; epi li te rasanble disip, 12 nan yo li te chwazi kòm [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li. Dapre istwa Nouvo Testaman yo, Jezi te arete nan [[Jerizalèm]] epi [[Jijman Jezi devan Sanedren an|jije]] pa [[Sanedren|Sanedren an]];{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=11}} apre sa yo te lanse l bay otorite women yo, epi li te [[Krisifiksyon Jezi|krisifye]] sou lòd [[Ponsyis Pilat]], prefè women [[Jide (pwovens women)|Jide]]. Nan [[Teyoloji kretyen|teyoloji kretyen]], [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|Rezirèksyon]] se evènman kote Jezi te leve soti vivan nan [[Lanmò|lanmò]], twa jou apre lanmò li, epi kwayans sa a te vin fondasyon [[Krisyanis primitif|Legliz kretyen primitif la]], ki te elaji nan yon [[Gaye Krisyanis|mouvman mondyal]].{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=11, 14}} Teyoloji kretyen gen ladan l kwayans ke Jezi te konsevwa pa [[Sentespri nan Krisyanis|Sentespri]], te [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|fèt nan yon vyèj]] ki rele [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], te fè [[Mirak Jezi|mirak]], te fonde [[Legliz kretyen|Legliz kretyen an]], te mouri sou kwa kòm yon sakrifis pou [[Ekspiyasyon nan Krisyanis|ekspiyasyon peche]], te leve soti vivan pa Bondye Papa a, epi te [[Asansyon Jezi|monte]] nan [[Syèl nan Krisyanis|Syèl la]], kote li pral retounen. Kretyen jeneralman kwè Jezi pèmèt moun [[Bondye nan Krisyanis|rekonsilye ak Bondye]]. [[Kredo Nise|Kredo Nise a]] afime Jezi pral [[Dènye Jijman|jije vivan yo ak mò yo]], swa [[Eta entèmedyè (Krisyanis)|anvan]] swa [[Mòtalis kretyen|apre]] [[Rezirèksyon mò yo#Krisyanis|rezirèksyon kò yo]], yon evènman ki asosye ak [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi|Dezyèm Vini Jezi a]] nan [[Eskatoloji kretyen|eskatoloji kretyen]]. Anpil branch kretyen konsidere Jezi kòm enkanasyon Bondye Pitit la, dezyèm nan twa [[prosopon|pèsòn]] [[Trinite|Trinite a]].{{efn|Yon ti minorite nan konfesyon kretyen rejte trinitarism, nèt oswa an pati, kòm ki pa nan Ekriti yo.}} [[Nesans Jezi]] nan vil [[Jide|jide]] [[Betleyèm]] nan selebre chak ane, jeneralman nan 25 desanm,{{efn|Pifò kretyen ak [[Alawit|alawit]] selebre Nwèl. Yon pati nan [[Krisyanis oryantal|legliz kretyen oryantal]] yo selebre Nwèl nan 25 desanm [[Kalandriye jilyen|kalandriye jilyen]], ki kounye a koresponn ak 7 janvye nan [[Kalandriye gregoryen|kalandriye gregoryen]]. Selebrasyon Nwèl yo kòmanse nan [[Veyè Nwèl]], jeneralman 24 desanm.}} kòm [[Nwèl]]. [[Krisifiksyon]] li komemore nan [[Vandredi Sen]] epi rezirèksyon li nan [[Dimanch Pak]]. [[Epòk kalandriye]] ki pi lajman itilize nan mond lan—kote ane aktyèl la se [[Anno Domini|AD]] {{CURRENTYEAR}} (oswa {{CURRENTYEAR}} [[Epòk komen|CE]])—tradisyonèlman baze sou [[Dat nesans Jezi|dat apwoksimatif nesans Jezi]].<ref>{{cite dictionary |year=2003 |title=anno Domini |dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Anno%20Domini |access-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222112520/http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/anno%20domini |archive-date=22 December 2007 |quote=Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of our Lord |url-status=live}}.</ref> [[Opinyon jwif sou Jezi|Jidayis dominan an rejte]] kwayans ke Jezi te mesi yo t ap tann nan, e li di li pat akonpli [[Mesi nan jidayis|pwofesi mesyanik yo]], li pat [[Onksyone|onksyone]] nan fòm lalwa, epi li pat ni divin ni resisite. Kontrèman, [[Jezi nan Islam]]{{efn|Souvan yo rele l pa non koranik li, {{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[Isa (non)|ʿĪsā]]}}}} konsidere kòm [[Mesi#Islam|mesi a]] ak yon [[Pwofèt ak mesaje nan Islam|pwofèt]] [[Bondye nan Islam|Bondye]], ki te voye bay [[Izrayelit|Izrayelit yo]] epi ki [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi#Islam|pral retounen sou Latè]] anvan [[Jou Jijman nan Islam|Jou Jijman an]]. [[Mizilman]] kwè Jezi te fèt nan vyèj [[Mari nan Islam|Mari]] men li pat ni Bondye ni pitit Bondye. Pifò Mizilman [[Opinyon islamik sou lanmò Jezi|pa kwè yo te touye l oswa krisifye l]], men Bondye [[Antre nan syèl vivan|te leve l nan Syèl la pandan li te toujou vivan]].{{efn|Gen kèk Mizilman nan Mwayennaj ki te kwè Jezi te krisifye, kon manm mouvman modèn Ahmadiyya a; gade {{slink||Islamic perspectives}}.}} Jezi tou venere nan [[Lafwa Bahayi]] ak [[Relijyon dwouz|relijyon dwouz]], ansanm ak nan [[Rastafari]]. {{TOC limit|3}} == Non == {{Further|Jezi (non)|Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|Non sen Jezi|Non Bondye nan Krisyanis}} [[File:JesusYeshua2.svg|thumb|Soti anwo agòch: transkripsyon [[Arameyen|arameyen]], [[Lang ebre|ebre]], [[Lang grèk|grèk]], [[Laten|laten]] ak angle non ''Jezi'']] Yon jwif nan tan Jezi souvan [[Non jwif|te gen yon sèl non]], pafwa swivi pa yon fraz [[Patwonim|patwonimik]] ki gen fòm "pitit [non papa a]", oswa pa vil kote li soti a.<ref name="Britannica" /> Konsa, nan Nouvo Testaman an, souvan yo refere a Jezi kòm "Jezi [[Nazarèt]]".{{efn|Atik sa a itilize sitasyon ki soti nan [[Nouvo Vèsyon Revize Estanda]] Bib la.}} Vwazen Jezi yo nan Nazarèt te rele l "bòs bòs la, pitit [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]] ak frè [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jak jenn nan|Jozès]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]", "pitit bòs bòs la", oswa "pitit [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]]"; nan [[Evanjil Jan|Evanjil Jan an]], disip [[Filip apot la|Filip]] rele l "Jezi pitit Jozèf, moun Nazarèt".<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:45}}</ref> Non ''Jezi'' se transliterasyon angle, atravè laten ''Iesus'', de {{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, ki se vèsyon grèk non ebre יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ ''Yehoshua'' (Yehōšuᵃʿ).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Greek: 2424. Ἰησοῦς (Iésous) -- Jesus |url=https://biblehub.com/greek/2424.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The Greek name corresponds to the Hebrew "Joshua."''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1">{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The name Jesus, in Greek, answers to Joshua, or rather, Jehoshuah, in Hebrew, which signifies Jehovah shall save;'' […] ''It was not without reason that the successor of Moses was called by this name; for, by subduing the Canaanites, and putting the tribes of Israel in possession of the promised land, he showed himself to be, under God, the Saviour of his people. But this name agrees much better to our Jesus, who both delivers his followers from much more dangerous enemies, and divides unto them a much more glorious inheritance.''}}</ref> Non ebre/[[Arameyen|arameyen]] sa a te komen nan mitan jwif [[Jide|jide]] yo nan epòk nesans Jezi,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Barnes' Notes |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''It was a very common name among the Jews.''}}</ref> byenke nan peryòd sa a li te deja rakousi an יֵשׁוּעַ ''[[Yeshua]]'' (Yešūᵃʿ);<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3442. יֵשׁ֫וּעַ (Yeshua) -- Yeshua, Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3442.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûaʿ) is the late, shortened spelling of the earlier name יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (Yehōšûaʿ, "Joshua").}}</ref> kontraksyon an te deja fèt nan liv biblik ki pi ta tankou [[Liv Neyemi|Neyemi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=H3442 - yēšûaʿ - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) |url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/gen/1/1/s_1001 |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=Blue Letter Bible |quote=''Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon: יֵשׁוּעַ [Jeshua] a contracted form of the proper name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ used in the later Hebrew ... proper name of other men, mentioned in the books of Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah''}}</ref> kote yo rele [[Jozye]] ''Yeshua''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehemiah 8:17 Hebrew Interlinear: ... for the sons of Israel had not done, from the days of '''Jeshua [יֵשׁוּעַ, Yeshua] son of Nun''' ... |url=https://biblehub.com/interlinear/nehemiah/8-17.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> Non an vle di "[[Tetragram|Bondye]] sove" an ebre, literalman "[[Yawe]] sove",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3091. יְהוֹשׁ֫וּעַ (Yehoshua) -- Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Both Joshua son of Nun and Jesus of Nazareth bear the name "Yahweh saves"''}}</ref> soti nan [[Rasin semitik|rasin]] ישׁע (''y-š-ʿ,'' 'sove') ak non יְשׁוּעָה (''yeshuah'', 'sali'). [[Evanjil Matye|Evanjil Matye a]] afime siyifikasyon etimolojik non Jezi a klèman nan pwofesi zanj lan bay Jozèf sou nesans li: "w ap rele l Jezi (Ἰησοῦς), paske l ap sove pèp li a anba peche yo".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:21}}.</ref> Chèchè yo bay enpòtans teyolojik a lefèt ke siksesè [[Moyiz]], [[Jozye]], pote menm non ak Jezi nan grèk, ebre ak arameyen orijinal yo, paske souvan yo fè yon paralèl ant de lidè yo ak etimoloji non yo pataje a ('sove'): Jozye mennen jwif yo nan [[Peyi Pwomiz la]], pandan nan Kretyen Jezi konprann kòm moun ki sove jwif ak [[Payen|payen]] anba peche yo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Matthew Poole's Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua had his name from the same word, because he was to be a temporal saviour to save the Jews, the whole body of the Jews, from the Canaanites their enemies. This Jesus was to save his people, all that should believe in his name, whether Jews or Gentiles, from their sins.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Vincent's Word Studies |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/vws/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Under Joshua the enemies of Israel were conquered, and the people established in the Promised Land. So Jesus leads his people in the fight with sin and temptation.''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua who led the Israelites into the Promised Land, and Joshua or Jeshua, who was high priest at the time of the return from the Babylonish Captivity, are types of Jesus Christ in respect both of work and name.''}}</ref> === Jezikri === {{Further|Kris (tit)}} Depi 1ye syèk la, kretyen yo souvan refere a Jezi kòm "Jezikri".{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=212}} Mo [[Kris (tit)|''Kris'']] la pa yon non bay men se te orijinèlman yon [[Twa fonksyon Kris la|tit oswa yon biwo]] ("Kris la"), ki vle di "[[Mesi|Mesi a]]".{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=30–31}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Theology of the New Testament |first=Rudolf K. |last=Bultmann |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-932792-93-5 |page=80 |publisher=Baylor University Press}}</ref> Tèm nan soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|[[wikt:Χριστός|Χριστός]]}} ({{tlit|grc|Christos}}),<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle= Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ |first=Anthony J. |last= Maas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Heil |first=John P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |title=Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-58983-482-8 |page=66 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173832/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> yon [[Kalk|kalk]] mo ebre {{lang|he|[[wikt:מָשִׁיחַ|משיח]]}} {{tlit|he|[[Mesi nan jidayis|mashiakh]]}} (Mašiᵃḥ), ki transliterasyone an angle kòm ''messiah''.{{sfn|Vine|1940|pp=274–275}} Tèm ebre a vle di "[[Onksyone|onksyone]]", soti nan vèb מָשַׁח (''mashaḥ''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 4886. מָשַׁח (mashach)|url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4886.htm|access-date=21 January 2026|website=biblehub.com|quote=Lexical summary: "to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint"}}</ref> Nan jidayis biblik la, [[Lwil onksyon sakre|lwil sakre]] te itilize pou onksyone kèk moun ak objè eksepsyonèlman sakre kòm yon pati nan envestitir relijyez yo.<ref>Gade [[Levitik]] 8:10–12 ak [[Egzòd 30]]:29.</ref> Nan [[Septant|Septant la]], yo te tradui mo ebre a an grèk kòm χριστός (''christos''), ki vle di "onksyone",<ref>{{Cite web |title=χριστός Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χριστός&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=of persons, anointed}}</ref> soti nan vèb χρίω (''chrio''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=χρίω Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χρίω&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=Autenrieth: smear with oil, anoint, LSJ: rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil}}</ref> Premye kretyen yo te nonmen Jezi "Kris la" paske yo te kwè li se Mesi a ("moun ki onksyone a") ki te [[Jezi ak pwofesi mesyanik|pwofetize]] nan [[Bib ebre a]] (Ansyen Testaman an). Nan itilizasyon apre epòk biblik la, ''Kris'' te vin wè kòm yon non—yon pati nan "Jezikri". Tèm ''[[Kretyen|kretyen]]'', ki vle di yon disip Kris, ap itilize depi 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA142 142]}} == Lavi ak ansèyman nan Nouvo Testaman an == {{Main|Lavi Jezi}} {{Further|Kote Nouvo Testaman asosye ak Jezi}} {{Gospel Jesus|state=collapsed}} === Levanjil kanonik yo === {{Main|Levanjil|Amoni levanjil yo|Fyabilite istorik levanjil yo}} [[File:Dublin, Chester Beatty Ms Papyrus 45 BP I ff.13-14 Luke 11.50-12.12; 12.18-37; 12.42-13.1; 13.jpg|alt=Yon manyiskri papirus kat paj, ki chire an plizyè kote|thumb|Yon [[Papirus|papirus]] grèk 3yèm syèk [[Levanjil Lik|Levanjil Lik la]]]] Kat [[Levanjil kanonik|levanjil kanonik]] yo ([[Levanjil Matye|Matye]], [[Levanjil Mak|Mak]], [[Levanjil Lik|Lik]] ak [[Levanjil Jan|Jan]]) se sous prensipal pou lavi ak mesaj Jezi.<ref name="Britannica" /> Lòt pati nan Nouvo Testaman an gen ladan yo tou referans a gwo epizòd nan lavi li, tankou [[Dènye Soupe a]] nan [[1 Korentyen 11]]:23–26.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|11:23–26|9}}.</ref>{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=441–442}}<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}} [[Travay Apot yo]]<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|10:37–38|9}} and {{bibleverse|Acts|19:4|9}}.</ref> fè referans a premye ministè Jezi ak fason [[Jan Batis]] te anonse l davans.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Book of the Acts|series=New International Commentary on the New Testament|first=Frederick F. |last=Bruce |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-2505-6 |page=362 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref>{{sfn|Rausch|2003|p=77}}{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} Travay 1:1–11<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|1:1–11|9}}.</ref> bay plis detay sou [[Asansyon Jezi]]<ref>also mentioned in {{bibleverse|1 Timothy|3:16}}.</ref> pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}} Nan [[Lèt pòl yo#Otantisite|lèt pòl yo ki pa diskite]], ki te ekri anvan levanjil yo, yo site plizyè fwa pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians 7:10–11, 9:14, 11:23–25|multi=yes}}, {{bibleverse|2 Corinthians|12:9}}.</ref>{{efn|Powell ekri: "[Pòl] site pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi nan kèk kote,<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Cor. 7:10–11; 9:14; 11:23–25|multi=yes}}; {{bibleverse|2 Cor.|12:9}}; cf. {{bibleverse|Acts|20:35}}</ref> men nan pifò ka li montre ti enterè pou detay lavi ak ministè Jezi sou tè a."<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Mark A. |title=Introducing the New Testament |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe |url-access=limited |date=2009 |publisher=Baker |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe/page/248 248] |isbn=978-0-8010-2868-7}}</ref>}} Gen kèk gwoup [[Premye kretyen|kretyen primitif]] ki te gen deskripsyon separe sou lavi ak ansèyman Jezi ki pa nan Nouvo Testaman an. Ladan yo gen [[Levanjil Toma]], [[Levanjil Pyè]], [[Levanjil Jida]], [[Apokrif Jak]], ak [[Apokrif Nouvo Testaman|anpil lòt ekri apokrif]]. Pifò chèchè konkli tèks sa yo te ekri pi ta epi yo mwens fyab sou plan istorik pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Brown|1997|pp=835–840}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=C. A. |title=Exploring the Origins of the Bible |date=2008 |publisher=Baker |page=154}}</ref>{{sfn|Keener|2009|p=56}} ==== Otè, dat ak fyabilite ==== Levanjil kanonik yo se kat istwa, chak youn atribiye a yon otè diferan. Jeneralman yo konsidere otè levanjil yo kòm psedonim, e tradisyon atribiye yo a [[Kat evanjelis yo|kat evanjelis yo]], chak asosye ak Jezi oswa ak disip pwòch li yo:{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} Mak a [[Jan Mak]], yon asosye [[Sen Pyè|Pyè]];<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> [[Matye apot la|Matye]] a youn nan [[Disip (Krisyanis)|disip]] Jezi yo;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} [[Lik evanjelis la|Lik]] a yon konpayon [[Pòl apot la|Pòl]] ki mansyone nan kèk lèt;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} epi Jan a yon lòt disip Jezi,{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} "[[Disip byenneme a|disip byenneme a]]".{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, St.}} Dapre [[Priyorite markyèn|priyorite markyèn nan]], premye levanjil ki te ekri a se [[Levanjil Mak]] (ane 60–75 apre Jezikri), swivi pa Levanjil Matye (65–85), Levanjil Lik (65–95), ak Levanjil Jan (75–100).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |title=Can We Trust the Gospels?: Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |publisher=Crossway |year=2007 |page=58 |isbn=978-1-4335-1978-9 |first=Mark D. |last=Roberts |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907174109/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pifò chèchè dakò otè Matye ak Lik te itilize Mak kòm sous pou levanjil yo. Kòm Matye ak Lik pataje tou kèk kontni ki pa nan Mak, anpil chèchè konkli yo te itilize yon [[Sous Q|sous Q]] ipotetik anplis Mak, pandan yon kantite k ap grandi sipòte [[Ipotèz Farrer|ipotèz Farrer]] oswa [[Ipotèz posteryorite matyèn|Posteryorite matyèn nan]], kote Matye ak Lik te itilize youn lòt dirèkteman.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Runesson|first=Anders|title=Jesus, New Testament, Christian Origins|date=2021|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=9780802868923}}</ref><ref name="TSP20222">{{Cite book |title=The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference|publisher=Peeters Pub and Booksellers|year=2023|isbn=9789042950344|pages=5|editor-first1=Olegs|editor-last1=Andrejevs|editor-first2=Simon J. |editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first3=‎Edmondo|editor-last3=Lupieri|editor-first4=Joseph|editor-last4=Verhayden}}</ref>{{sfn|Licona|2010|pp=210–221}} Lik ak Matye trete sous yo yon fason ki pi konsèvatè pase lòt istoryen ansyen tankou [[Diodò Sisil]], byenke paralèl ak varyasyon levanjil sinoptik yo se kalite ki tipik nan byografi istorik ansyen.<ref name="Kloppenborg 49–79">{{Cite journal |last=Kloppenborg|first=John|title=Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?|journal=Ephemerides Theologicae Lovaniensis|volume=83|issue=1|pages=49–79}}</ref><ref name="Licona 2016 XIII-XIV">{{Cite book |last=Licona |first=Mike |title=Why are there Differences in the Gospels? What we can Learn from Ancient Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0190264260 |pages=XIII-XIV}}</ref> Yon aspè enpòtan nan etid levanjil yo se [[Jan literè|jan literè]] kote yo klase.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Burridge|first1=R. A. |year=2006|chapter=Gospels|editor-first1=J. W. |editor-last1=Rogerson|editor-first2=Judith M. |editor-last2=Lieu|title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=433}}</ref> Si otè levanjil yo te vle ekri woman, mit, istwa oswa byografi, sa gen yon gwo enpak sou fason pou entèprete zèv yo.<ref>Talbert, C. H. (1977). ''What is a Gospel? The Genre of the Canonical Gospels''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Fortress Press.</ref><ref>Wills, L. M. (1997). ''The Quest of the Historical Gospel: Mark, John and the Origins of the Gospel Genre''. London: Routledge. p. 10.</ref><ref>Burridge, R. A. (2004). ''What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography''. revised updated edn. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.</ref> Byenke li pa san kritik,<ref>e.g. Vines, M. E. (2002). ''The Problem of the Markan Genre: The Gospel of Mark and the Jewish Novel''. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 161–162.</ref> opinyon ki di levanjil yo se yon kalite byografi ansyen reprezante konsansis chèchè jodi a.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stanton |first=Graham N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |title=Jesus and Gospel |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-00802-0 |page=192 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005236/https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogerson |first1=J. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies |last2=Lieu |first2=Judith M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-925425-5 |page=437 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225204746/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |archive-date=25 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Konsènan egzaktitid istwa yo, opinyon yo varye depi sa ki konsidere yo kòm deskripsyon [[Inerans biblik|san erè]] lavi Jezi,{{sfn|Grudem|1994|pp=90–91}} rive sa ki dwe sou fyabilite istorik yo sou divès pwen,{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}} jiska sa ki konsidere yo kòm bay trè piti enfòmasyon istorik sou lavi li apa de baz yo.{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=117–125}}{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|pp=22–23}} ==== Estrikti ak kontni konparatif ==== {{Christianity sidebar}} Matye, Mak ak Lik rele levanjil sinoptik yo, soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|σύν}} ({{tlit|grc|syn}}, 'ansanm') ak {{lang|grc|ὄψις}} ({{tlit|grc|opsis}}, 'vizyon'),<ref name="Haffner-2008" /><ref name="Scroggie-1995" /><ref>{{OED|synoptic}}</ref> paske yo sanble nan kontni, aranjman naratif, lang ak estrikti paragraf, epi yo ka mete youn akote lòt fasilman pou konparezon sinoptik.<ref name="Haffner-2008">{{cite book |title=New Testament Theology |first=Paul |last=Haffner |year=2008 |isbn=978-88-902268-0-9 |page=135 |publisher=Gracewing}}</ref><ref name="Scroggie-1995">{{cite book |title=A Guide to the Gospels |first=W. Graham |last=Scroggie |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8254-9571-7 |page=128 |publisher=[[Kregel Publications]]}}</ref><ref>{{Britannica URL |title=Synoptic Gospels |url=topic/Synoptic-Gospels}}</ref> Chèchè yo jeneralman dakò li enposib jwenn yon relasyon literè dirèk ant levanjil sinoptik yo ak Levanjil Jan an.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel of John |first1=Francis J. |last1=Moloney |first2=Daniel J. |last2=Harrington |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8146-5806-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3 3] |publisher=Liturgical Press |url=https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3}}</ref> Anpil evènman—tankou batèm Jezi, krisifiksyon l ak relasyon l ak [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li yo—parèt nan levanjil sinoptik yo, men ensidan tankou [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|transfigirasyon an]] ak [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]] Jezi{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}} pa parèt nan Jan, ki diferan tou sou lòt pwen, tankou [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|netwayaj Tanp lan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ladd |first=George E. |title=A Theology of the New Testament |year=1993 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-0680-2 |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907103156/https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil sinoptik yo mete aksan sou diferan aspè Jezi. Nan Mak, Jezi se [[Pitit Bondye (Krisyanis)|Pitit Bondye]] ki gen zèv pwisan yo montre prezans [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Yo prezante l kòm yon moun k ap fè mirak san repo ak sèvitè Bondye kou lèzòm.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Thompson|editor-first1=Frank Charles|title=The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible|publisher=Kirk Bride Bible Company & Zondervan Bible Publishers|year=1983|pages= 1563–1564}}</ref> Kout levanjil sa a anrejistre relativman kèk pawòl oswa gwo ansèyman Jezi.<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Levanjil Matye a mete aksan sou lefèt Jezi se akonplisman volonte Bondye jan yo revele l nan Ansyen Testaman an ak Senyè Legliz la.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Matthew|pages=1171–1212}}</ref> Yo prezante l kòm "[[Liyaj davidik|Pitit David]]", yon "wa", ak Mesi a.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" />{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=4–6}} Lik prezante Jezi kòm sovè diven-imen ki montre konpasyon pou moun nan nesesite.<ref name="May Metzger Luke">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Luke|pages=1240–1285}}</ref> Yo montre l kòm zanmi moun k ap fè peche ak moun yo rejte, ki te vini chèche ak sove moun ki pèdi yo.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Levanjil sa a gen ladan l parabòl byen konnen, tankou [[Bon Samariten an]] ak [[Pitit pèdi a|Pitit Pèdi a]].<ref name="May Metzger Luke" /> [[Pwològ Levanjil Jan an]] idantifye Jezi kòm yon enkanasyon Pawòl divin lan ([[Logos (Krisyanis)|Logos]]).<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=John|pages=1286–1318}}</ref> Kòm Pawòl la, yo dekri Jezi kòm etènèlman prezan avèk Bondye, aktif nan tout kreyasyon an, ak sous nati moral ak espirityèl limanite.<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn" /> Nan levanjil sa a, yo prezante Jezi kòm pa sèlman pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt imen nan tan pase, men pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt ki ka egziste: li pa sèlman pale Pawòl Bondye; li se Pawòl Bondye.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi revele wòl divin li piblikman epi yo dekri l kòm [[Pen lavi a]], [[Limyè mond lan]], [[Vrè Pye Rezen an]], ak plis ankò.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Otè Nouvo Testaman an jeneralman te montre ti enterè pou etabli yon [[Kwonoloji Jezi|kwonoloji]] absoli lavi Jezi oswa pou senkwonize epizòd lavi li ak istwa laïk epòk la.{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}} Jan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#21:25|Jan 21:25]] di l, levanjil yo pa pretann bay yon lis konplè evènman nan lavi Jezi.<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Collins |first=Gerald |title=Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-955787-5 |pages=1–3}}</ref> Yo te ekri istwa yo sitou kòm dokiman teyolojik nan kontèks [[Krisyanis primitif|kretyen primitif]], ak kwonoloji kòm yon konsiderasyon segondè.<ref name="Wiarda75">{{cite book |title=Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology |first=Timothy |last=Wiarda |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8054-4843-6 |pages=75–78 |publisher=B&H}}</ref> Levanjil yo konsakre apeprè yon tyè nan tèks yo a dènye semèn lavi Jezi nan [[Jerizalèm]], ke yo rele [[Pasyon (Krisyanis)|Pasyon an]].<ref name="Turner613">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=David L. |last=Turner |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8010-2684-3 |page=613 |publisher=Baker}}</ref> Yo pa bay ase detay pou satisfè egzijans istoryen modèn yo konsènan dat egzak, men li posib pou tire yon imaj jeneral istwa lavi Jezi nan yo.{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}}{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}}<ref name="Wiarda75" /> === Jenealoji ak nesans === {{Main|Jenealoji Jezi|Nativite Jezi}} Jezi te jwif,{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} li te fèt nan [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], madanm [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]].<ref>[[Matye 1]]; [[Lik 2]].</ref> Levanjil Matye ak Lik ofri de istwa diferan sou [[Jenealoji|jenealoji]] li. Matye trase zansèt Jezi jiska [[Abraram]] pa [[David]],<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:1–16}}.</ref>{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=80–91}} pandan Lik trase zansèt Jezi pa [[Adan]] jiska Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–38}}.</ref>{{sfn|Brown|1978|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC&pg=PA163 163]}} Lis yo idantik ant Abraram ak David men yo diferan anpil apati pwen sa a; Matye gen 27 jenerasyon ant David ak Jozèf, pandan Lik gen 42, ak prèske pa gen okenn non ki parèt nan de lis yo.{{efn|Konpare {{bibleverse|Matthew|1:6–16|NIV}} ak {{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–31|NIV}}. Gade tou {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Konparezon de jenealoji yo}}.}}<ref>{{cite book |last=France |first=R. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |title=The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8028-0063-3 |page=72 |author-link=R. T. France |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229004519/https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live}} "From David the two lists diverge, as Matthew follows the line of succession to the throne of Judah from Solomon, whereas Luke's list goes through Nathan, ... and converges with Matthew's only for the two names of Shealtiel and Zerubabbel until Joseph is reached."</ref> Yo pwopoze divès teyori pou eksplike poukisa de jenealoji yo tèlman diferan.{{efn|Pou yon apèsi sou teyori sa yo, gade {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Eksplikasyon pou divèjans lan}}.}} [[File:Gerard van Honthorst - Adoration of the Shepherds (1622).jpg|thumb|left|''Adorasyon bèje yo'' pa [[Gerard van Honthorst]], 1622|alt=Yon sèn nesans; gason ak bèt antoure Mari ak Jezi k ap fèk fèt, ki kouvri ak limyè]] Tou de Matye ak Lik dekri nesans Jezi, sitou ke li te fèt nan yon vyèj ki rele Mari nan [[Betleyèm]] pou akonpli [[Pwofesi|pwofesi]]. Istwa Lik la mete aksan sou evènman anvan [[Nesans Jezi|nesans Jezi]] epi li santre sou Mari, pandan istwa Matye a kouvri pi plis evènman apre nesans lan epi li santre sou Jozèf.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=556}}<ref name="marsh37">{{cite book |title=Jesus and the Gospels |last=Marsh |first=Clive |author-last2=Moyise|author-first2= Steve |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-567-04073-2 |page=37 |publisher=Clark International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907095218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Morris|1992|page=26}} Tou de istwa deklare Mari te fiyanse ak yon nonm ki rele Jozèf, ki te desandan Wa David epi ki pat papa byolojik Jezi, epi tou de sipòte doktrin [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|nesans vyèj Jezi a]], dapre sa Jezi te konsevwa nan yon fason mirakilè pa [[Sentespri]] nan vant Mari lè li te toujou vyèj.<ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=David L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |title=A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-85244-224-1 |pages=538–540 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=30–37}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-26036-7 |pages=96–100 |publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> An menm tan, gen prèv, omwen nan ''Travay Apot yo'' Lik la, ke yo te panse Jezi te gen, tankou anpil figi nan ansyènte, yon doub patènite, paske la yo di li desandan nan semans oswa nan rèl David.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lincoln |first=Andrew T. |date=2013 |title=Luke and Jesus' Conception: A Case of Double Paternity? |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=639–658 |jstor=23487891 |issn=0021-9231}}</ref> Lè Jozèf [[Adopsyon nan jidayis|pran Jezi kòm pwòp pitit li]], yo konprann li ba li desandans davidik ki nesesè a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |last1=Lincoln|first1=Andrew T. |title=Conceiving Jesus: re-examining Jesus' conception in canon, Christology, and creed|publisher=The Severn Forum|date=5 March 2015|page= 4 |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=10 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510100248/http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk chèchè ki sigjere Jezi te gen eritaj [[Levit|levit]] nan bò Mari, dapre relasyon san li ak [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]].<ref>For example, {{citation |title=Carmen 18}}</ref> [[File:Bellini-circumcision-NG1455-fm.jpg|thumb|alt=74.9 × 102.2&nbsp;cm|''Sikonsizyon'' pa [[Giovanni Bellini]], {{circa|1500|lk=no}}. Tablo a dekri [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsizyon Jezi]].]] Nan Matye, Jozèf boulvèse paske Mari, fiyanse li, [[Gwosès|ansent]],<ref>[[Matye 1:19]]–[[Matye 1:20|20]].</ref> men nan premye [[Rèv Sen Jozèf|kat rèv Jozèf]], yon zanj asire l pou l pa pè pran Mari kòm madanm li paske pitit li a te konsevwa pa Sentespri.<ref name="Talbert">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=Charles H. |last=Talbert |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8010-3192-2 |publisher=Baker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |pages=29–30 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan [[Matye 2:1]]–[[Matye 2:12|12]], [[Mag biblik yo|saj]] oswa [[Mag]] ki soti nan [[Oryan]] pote kado bay jenn Jezi kòm [[Jezi, Wa jwif yo|Wa jwif yo]]. Yo jwenn li nan yon kay Betleyèm. [[Ewòd Gran]] tande pale de nesans Jezi epi, tankou li te vle touye l, [[Masak inosan yo|bay lòd pou touye tout ti gason]] nan Betleyèm ak anviwon li. Men, yon zanj avèti Jozèf nan dezyèm rèv li, epi fanmi an [[Sove ale an Ejip|sove ale an Ejip]], answit li retounen epi li etabli nan Nazarèt.<ref name="Talbert" />{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Schnackenburg |first=Rudolf |title=The Gospel of Matthew |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8028-4438-5 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |pages=9–11 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052207/https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Lik 1:31–38, Mari aprann nan men zanj [[Gabriyèl]] ke l ap konsevwa epi bay nesans a yon pitit ki rele Jezi atravè aksyon Sentespri.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> Lè Mari prèt pou akouche, li menm ak Jozèf vwayaje soti nan Nazarèt pou ale nan vil zansèt Jozèf, Betleyèm, pou anrejistre nan resansman [[Sezar Ogis]] te bay lòd fè a. Pandan yo la, Mari bay Jezi nesans, epi kòm yo pa jwenn plas nan oberj la, li mete ti bebe a nan yon [[Manje bèt|manje bèt]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:1–7}}.</ref> Yon [[Anons bay bèje yo|zanj anonse nesans lan bay yon gwoup bèje]], ki ale Betleyèm pou wè Jezi epi answit gaye nouvèl la toupatou.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:8–20}}.</ref> Lik 2:21 rakonte kijan Jozèf ak Mari [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsi ti bebe a nan wityèm jou apre nesans]] epi bay li non Jezi, jan Gabriyèl te kòmande Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:21}}.</ref> Apre [[Prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan|prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan]], Jozèf, Mari ak Jezi retounen Nazarèt.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> === Premye ane, fanmi ak pwofesyon === [[File:William Holman Hunt - The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''[[Jwenn Sovè a nan Tanp lan]]'' pa [[William Holman Hunt]], 1860|alt=Mari ak Jozèf jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan]] Levanjil Lik ak Matye idantifye Nazarèt, yon vil nan [[Galile]] ki nan [[Izrayèl]] jodi a, kòm kay anfans Jezi, kote li te viv ak fanmi li. Byenke Jozèf parèt nan deskripsyon anfans Jezi, pa gen okenn mansyon sou li apre sa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Perrotta |first=Louise B. |title=Saint Joseph: His Life and His Role in the Church Today |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87973-573-9 |pages=21, 110–112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Reverend Archdeacon Kinane |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138 |title=Saint Joseph: His Life, His Virtues, His Privileges, His Power |page=138 |chapter=Section VI – The perpetual virginity of St. Joseph |publisher=Aeterna Press|access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230526/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Lòt manm fanmi li yo, gen ladan yo manman l Mari; [[Frè Jezi yo|kat frè li yo]], [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jezi|Jozès (oswa Jozèf)]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]; ak sè li yo ki pa gen non, mansyone nan Levanjil yo ak lòt sous.<ref>{{cite book |title=Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth |last=Aslan |first=Reza |author-link=Reza Aslan |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |page=[https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756 36] |isbn=978-1-4000-6922-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756}}</ref> Yo rele grann ak granpapa Jezi nan bò manman l [[Jowakim]] ak [[Sen Ann|Ann]] nan [[Levanjil Jak|Levanjil Jak la]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim |page=194 |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-134-50949-2 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230540/https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim#v=snippet&q=joachim&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Lik la anrejistre ke Mari te fanmi [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]], manman Jan Batis.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Luke|1:5, 36|KJV}}.</ref> Gen kèk sous ekstrabiblik kontanporen ki konsidere Jezi ak Jan Batis kòm kouzen jèmen, sou baz kwayans Elizabèt te pitit fi [[Sobe (sè Sen Ann)|Sobe]], sè Ann.<ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 97.1325.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 120.189.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 145.760 ([[Nicephorus Callistus|Nicéphore Callistus]], ''Historia ecclesiastica'', 2.3).</ref> Levanjil Mak rapòte ke nan kòmansman [[Ministè Jezi|ministè li]], Jezi antre an konfli ak vwazen ak fanmi li.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Manman l ak frè l yo vin chèche l<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:31–35}}.</ref> paske moun ap di [[Sante mantal Jezi|li pèdi tèt li]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:21}}.</ref> Jezi reponn ke disip li yo se vre fanmi li. Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi ak manman l ale nan yon [[Nòs Kana|nòs Kana]], kote li fè premye mirak li sou demann li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:1–11}}.</ref> Pita, li prezan nan krisifiksyon li, epi li eksprime enkyetid pou byennèt li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|19:25–27}}.</ref> Yo rele Jezi yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} ({{tlit|grc|[[tektōn]]}}) nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#6:3|Mak 6:3]], yon tèm ke yo tradisyonèlman konprann kòm "bòs bòs" men ki ka refere tou a moun ki fabrike objè nan divès materyo, ladan yo konstriktè.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry G. |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |title=An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon: The Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek–English Lexicon |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1889 |page=797}}</ref>{{sfn|Dickson|2008|pp=68–69}} Kòm tèm nan gen yon gwo laj siyifikasyon ak "reyalite sosyo-istorik yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} nazarèn komen", Matthew K. Robinson, yon minis ak akademisyen, prefere tradui {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} kòm 'konstriktè-atizan'.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Matthew K. |title="Is This Not the Τέκτων?": Revisiting Jesus's Vocation in Mark 6:3 |journal=Neotestamentica |date=2021 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=431–445 |doi=10.1353/neo.2021.0038}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Robinson |url=https://www.theology.ox.ac.uk/people/matthew-robinson |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> Levanjil yo endike Jezi te kapab li, parafraze ak diskite Ekriti yo, men sa pa nesesèman vle di li te resevwa yon fòmasyon fòmèl kòm eskrib.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |year=2001 |title=Context, family and formation |encyclopedia=Cambridge companion to Jesus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |access-date=14 August 2015 |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |editor-last=Bockmuehl |editor-first=Markus N. A. |pages=14, 21 |isbn=978-0-521-79678-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907175830/https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live|doi=10.1017/CCOL0521792614.002}}</ref> Levanjil Lik rapòte de vwayaj Jezi ak paran li nan Jerizalèm pandan anfans li. Yo vin nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] pou [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezantasyon Jezi]] kòm ti bebe an akò ak lalwa jwif la, kote yon nonm ki rele [[Simeyon (Levanjil Lik)|Simeyon]] fè yon pwofesi sou Jezi ak Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:22–35}}.</ref> Lè Jezi, a laj douz an, pèdi nan yon pèlerinaj Jerizalèm pou [[Pak jwif|Pak jwif la]], paran li jwenn li nan [[Jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan|Tanp lan]] chita nan mitan metèd yo, k ap koute yo epi poze kesyon, epi moun yo sezi pou entèlijans li ak repons li yo. Mari repwoche Jezi paske li te pèdi, epi Jezi reponn li dwe "nan kay Papa l".<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:41–52}}.</ref> e5vx2fdkq74yzqe6opok2dad6jrja3n 889168 889164 2026-10-23T05:48:48Z Kitanago 19629 /* Premye ane, fanmi ak pwofesyon */ 889168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | non = Jezi Kris | imaj = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | taille image = 200 | lejand = [[Christ pantocrator (Sinaï)|Christ pantocrator nan monastè Sent-Katrin Sinaï]], {{sap-|VI}} | tit = [[Jezi Nazarèt]] ak Pitit Bondye a | dat nesans = ant [[7 av. J.-K.|7]] ak [[5 av. J.-K.|5 anvan epòk nou an]] | lye nesans = [[Bètleyèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]), selon Levanjil yo ; [[Nazarèt]] nan [[Galile (rejyon)|Galile]], selon yon majorite istoryen. | dat lanmò = ant [[30]] et [[33]]<ref>Aujourd'hui, la très grande majorité des chercheurs donnent 30 ou 33, selon la longueur qu'ils estiment du ministère de Jésus, mais selon la tradition, il est mort à trente-trois ans : selon ses dates supposées de naissance, cela donne entre 26 et 28 ; cf. {{chapitre|langue=en|prénom1=Stanley E.|nom1=Porter|titre chapitre=Chronology of the New Testament|auteurs ouvrage=David Noel Freedman et Allen C. Myers (dirs.)|titre ouvrage=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|éditeur=Amsterdam University Press|année=2000|isbn=9789053565032|passage=250}}. Quelques-uns donnent 29 et une petite minorité va jusqu'à 36 ; voir la synthèse de {{Ouvrage|prénom1=Raymond E.|nom1=Brown|lien auteur1=Raymond Edward Brown|titre=La Mort du Messie|éditeur=[[Éditions Bayard|Bayard]]|année=2005|pages totales=1695|passage=1552|isbn=978-2-227-35025-0}} </ref> | lye lanmò = [[Jerizalèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]) | laj lanmò = Anviwon 35 an | non nesans = | lòt non = [[Jezi Nazarèt]]<br />[[Mesi]]<br />[[Trinite (chrisyanis)|Bondye]] | nasyonalite = }} '''Jezi'''{{efn|{{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{transliteration|grc|Iēsoús}}, gen chans soti nan {{langx|he|יֵשׁוּעַ|label=[[Lang ebre|ebre]] oswa [[Arameyen|arameyen]]}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{tlit|und|[[Yeshua|Yēšūaʿ]]}} }} ({{circa|6 a 4 anvan Jezikri}}<!-- "By collating the gospel accounts with historical data and using various other methods, most scholars arrive at a date of birth between 6 and 4 BC for Jesus, though scholarly arguments for a date of birth between 7 and 1 BC have been made" in 'Chronology' section -->{{snd}}ane 30 oswa 33 apre Jezikri), ke yo rele tou '''Jezikri''',{{efn|[[Kopt (lang)|Kopt]]: {{lang|cop|Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ́ρⲓⲥτⲟⲥ}}; [[Geʽez]]: {{lang|gez|መሲህ ኢየሱስ}}; [[Grèk koine|Grèk]]: {{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}; [[Ebre klasik|Ebre]]: {{lang|hbo|ישוע המשיח}}; [[Laten]]: {{lang|la|Iesus Christus}}; [[Slavon legliz|Slavon]]: {{lang|cu|І҆исоу́съ Хрїсто́съ}}; [[Siryak klasik|Siryak]]: {{lang|syc|ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ}}}} '''Jezi Nazarèt''', epi pa [[Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|lòt non ak tit]] ankò, se te yon predikatè [[Jwif|jwif]] ak [[Lis fondatè tradisyon relijye|lidè relijye]] ki te aktif nan [[Jide (pwovens women)|pwovens women Jide]] pandan 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} <!-- Do not merge these. Jesus is — not was — the central figure of Christianity. -->Li se [[Jezi nan Krisyanis|figi santral]] [[Krisyanis]], [[Gwo gwoup relijyon yo|pi gwo relijyon nan mond lan]]. Pifò [[Konfesyon kretyen|branch kretyen]] konsidere Jezi kòm [[Enkanasyon (Krisyanis)|enkanasyon]] [[Bondye Pitit la]] ak [[Mesi#Krisyanis|Mesi]] oswa [[Kris (tit)|Kris]] yo t ap tann nan. Istwa [[Lavi Jezi|lavi Jezi]] yo kontni nan [[Evanjil|Evanjil yo]], sitou nan [[Kat evanjil kanonik yo|kat evanjil kanonik]] [[Nouvo Testaman|Nouvo Testaman an]]. Depi [[Syèk Limyè yo]], [[Rechèch Jezi istorik la|rechèch akademik]] pwodui divès opinyon sou [[Fyabilite istorik evanjil yo|fyabilite istorik evanjil yo]] ak nan ki mezi yo reflete [[Jezi istorik|Jezi istorik la]],{{sfn|Powell|1998|pp=168–173}}{{efn|Ehrman ekri: "Lide ki di istwa evanjil yo pa konplètman egzak men yo toujou enpòtan pou verite relijye yo eseye transmèt la, se yon lide ki byen pataje nan mond chèchè yo, menmsi li pa byen konnen ni kwè deyò mond sa a."<ref>Bart D. Ehrman. [http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium']. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123155853/https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html |date=23 January 2019 }} Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.), The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24{{Clarify|reason=It's unclear if this citation is for one source or multiple sources. Is it a book or an audio lecture?|date=October 2025}}</ref><br />Sanders ekri: "Premye kretyen yo pa t ekri yon naratif sou lavi Jezi, men yo te itilize epi konsa konsève inite endividyèl yo—ti pasaj sou pawòl ak aksyon li. Pita, otè ak editè yo te deplase epi achte inite sa yo. [...] Gen kèk materyèl ki te revize epi gen lòt premye kretyen yo te kreye."{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=57}}}}{{Sfn|Bowman Jr.|Komoszewski|2019|p=22–23}}<ref>{{Cite journal|author-first1=Craig A. |author-last1=Evans|url=https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/54.1.1.pdf|title=Life-of-Jesus Research and the Eclipse of Mythology|journal=Theological Studies |volume=54 |year=1993|pages= 13–14|quote=First, the New Testament Gospels are now viewed as useful, if not essentially reliable, historical sources. Gone is the extreme skepticism that for so many years dominated gospel research. Representative of many is the position of E. P. Sanders and Marcus Borg, who have concluded that it is possible to recover a fairly reliable picture of the historical Jesus.}}</ref><!---- The following paragraph was created by consensus after considerable discussion by a variety of editors. Out of courtesy for this process, please discuss any proposed changes on the talk page before editing it. ----><!-- PLEASE READ THIS FIRST. The following references are WP:RS sources that are used per WP:RS/AC guideline. The issue has been discussed on the talk page at length See the "talk page FAQ" about it; it may answer your question. The main source says "scholars of antiquity", other sources say "scholars", "biblical scholars and classical historians" and "historians". Sources do not say "X scholars" or "Christian scholars", so do not modify it as such, for that will make it deviate from what the sources state. The source says "virtually all", so do NOT change it to "most", "several", "many", etc. Thank you. ----> men prèske tout chèchè modèn [[Ansyènte klasik|ansyènte]] dakò ke [[Istorisite Jezi|Jezi te egziste istorikman]].{{efn |name=exist|Nan yon revizyon etid modèn yo an 2011, [[Bart D. Ehrman]] te ekri, "Li sètènman te egziste, jan prèske tout chèchè konpetan ansyènte, kretyen kou pa kretyen, dakò sou sa."{{sfn|Ehrman|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376/page/n298 285]}} [[Richard A. Burridge]] di: "Gen moun ki sipòte lide ke Jezi se yon envansyon imajinasyon Legliz la, ke pat gen okenn Jezi menm. Mwen oblije di mwen pa konnen okenn chèchè kritik respektab ki di sa ankò."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jesus Now and Then |first1=Richard A. |last1=Burridge |first2=Graham |last2=Gould |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34 34] |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34}}</ref> [[Robert M. Price]] pa kwè Jezi te egziste men li dakò ke pèspektiv sa a kontrè ak opinyon majorite chèchè yo.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Robert M. |last=Price |title=Jesus at the Vanishing Point |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus: Five Views |editor-last1=Beilby |editor-last2=Eddy |year=2009 |publisher=InterVarsity |isbn=978-0-8308-7853-6 |editor-first=James K. |pages=55, 61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |editor2-first=Paul R. |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112540/https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[James D. G. Dunn]] rele teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo "yon tèz konplètman mouri".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Dunn|first=J. D. G.|author-link1=James Dunn (theologian)|title=Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus |encyclopedia=Sacrifice and Redemption |editor-first1=Stephen W. |editor-last1=Sykes |editor-link1= Stephen Sykes|year=2007 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511659522.005 |isbn=978-0-521-04460-8 |pages=35–36}}</ref> Dapre [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]] (yon [[Klasisis|klasisis]]), "Nan dènye ane yo [an 2004], 'okenn chèchè serye pa janm ozewa sipoze Jezi pa t egziste istorikman' oswa omwen trè piti, epi yo pa reyisi elimine prèv ki pi solid, vrèman abondan, ki di kontrè a."<ref>{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Grant |title=Jesus|publisher=Phoenix |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-684-14889-2 |page=200}}</ref> [[Robert E. Van Voorst]] di chèchè biblik ak istoryen klasik konsidere teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo kòm efektivman refite.{{sfn|Van Voorst|2000|p=16}} Nan yon atik pou ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', [[Candida Moss]] ak Joel Baden di, "gen yon konsansis prèske inivèsèl nan mitan chèchè biblik yo&nbsp;– pa vre yo omwen&nbsp;– ke Jezi te, an reyalite, yon vrè nonm."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |title=So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=5 October 2014 |author-first2=Joel |author-last2=Baden |author-link1=Candida Moss|author-first1=Candida |author-last1=Moss |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205210029/https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Dapre [[Tradisyon kretyen|tradisyon kretyen]], jan yo prezante l nan Evanjil yo ak [[Travay Apot yo]], Jezi [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|te sikonsi]] nan wityèm jou, [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezante]] nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] nan karantyèm jou. Jan [[Jan Batis]] te [[Batèm Jezi|batize]] li lè li te yon jenn adilt, epi apre [[Tantasyon Kris|40 jou ak 40 nwit]] jèn nan [[Dezè Jide a|dezè Jide a]], li te kòmanse [[Ministè Jezi|ministè piblik li]]. Li te yon [[Metèd vwayajè|metèd ekòl vwayajè]] ke disip li yo te kwè li te gen otorite divin pou entèprete [[Halakha|lalwa jwif la]]. Jezi souvan te diskite ak lòt jwif, pi souvan [[Farizyen|farizyen]] ak [[Sadiseyen|sadiseyen]], sou pi bon fason pou swiv [[Bondye nan jidayis|Bondye]]; li te fè gerizon; li te anseye nan [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]]; epi li te rasanble disip, 12 nan yo li te chwazi kòm [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li. Dapre istwa Nouvo Testaman yo, Jezi te arete nan [[Jerizalèm]] epi [[Jijman Jezi devan Sanedren an|jije]] pa [[Sanedren|Sanedren an]];{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=11}} apre sa yo te lanse l bay otorite women yo, epi li te [[Krisifiksyon Jezi|krisifye]] sou lòd [[Ponsyis Pilat]], prefè women [[Jide (pwovens women)|Jide]]. Nan [[Teyoloji kretyen|teyoloji kretyen]], [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|Rezirèksyon]] se evènman kote Jezi te leve soti vivan nan [[Lanmò|lanmò]], twa jou apre lanmò li, epi kwayans sa a te vin fondasyon [[Krisyanis primitif|Legliz kretyen primitif la]], ki te elaji nan yon [[Gaye Krisyanis|mouvman mondyal]].{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=11, 14}} Teyoloji kretyen gen ladan l kwayans ke Jezi te konsevwa pa [[Sentespri nan Krisyanis|Sentespri]], te [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|fèt nan yon vyèj]] ki rele [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], te fè [[Mirak Jezi|mirak]], te fonde [[Legliz kretyen|Legliz kretyen an]], te mouri sou kwa kòm yon sakrifis pou [[Ekspiyasyon nan Krisyanis|ekspiyasyon peche]], te leve soti vivan pa Bondye Papa a, epi te [[Asansyon Jezi|monte]] nan [[Syèl nan Krisyanis|Syèl la]], kote li pral retounen. Kretyen jeneralman kwè Jezi pèmèt moun [[Bondye nan Krisyanis|rekonsilye ak Bondye]]. [[Kredo Nise|Kredo Nise a]] afime Jezi pral [[Dènye Jijman|jije vivan yo ak mò yo]], swa [[Eta entèmedyè (Krisyanis)|anvan]] swa [[Mòtalis kretyen|apre]] [[Rezirèksyon mò yo#Krisyanis|rezirèksyon kò yo]], yon evènman ki asosye ak [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi|Dezyèm Vini Jezi a]] nan [[Eskatoloji kretyen|eskatoloji kretyen]]. Anpil branch kretyen konsidere Jezi kòm enkanasyon Bondye Pitit la, dezyèm nan twa [[prosopon|pèsòn]] [[Trinite|Trinite a]].{{efn|Yon ti minorite nan konfesyon kretyen rejte trinitarism, nèt oswa an pati, kòm ki pa nan Ekriti yo.}} [[Nesans Jezi]] nan vil [[Jide|jide]] [[Betleyèm]] nan selebre chak ane, jeneralman nan 25 desanm,{{efn|Pifò kretyen ak [[Alawit|alawit]] selebre Nwèl. Yon pati nan [[Krisyanis oryantal|legliz kretyen oryantal]] yo selebre Nwèl nan 25 desanm [[Kalandriye jilyen|kalandriye jilyen]], ki kounye a koresponn ak 7 janvye nan [[Kalandriye gregoryen|kalandriye gregoryen]]. Selebrasyon Nwèl yo kòmanse nan [[Veyè Nwèl]], jeneralman 24 desanm.}} kòm [[Nwèl]]. [[Krisifiksyon]] li komemore nan [[Vandredi Sen]] epi rezirèksyon li nan [[Dimanch Pak]]. [[Epòk kalandriye]] ki pi lajman itilize nan mond lan—kote ane aktyèl la se [[Anno Domini|AD]] {{CURRENTYEAR}} (oswa {{CURRENTYEAR}} [[Epòk komen|CE]])—tradisyonèlman baze sou [[Dat nesans Jezi|dat apwoksimatif nesans Jezi]].<ref>{{cite dictionary |year=2003 |title=anno Domini |dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Anno%20Domini |access-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222112520/http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/anno%20domini |archive-date=22 December 2007 |quote=Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of our Lord |url-status=live}}.</ref> [[Opinyon jwif sou Jezi|Jidayis dominan an rejte]] kwayans ke Jezi te mesi yo t ap tann nan, e li di li pat akonpli [[Mesi nan jidayis|pwofesi mesyanik yo]], li pat [[Onksyone|onksyone]] nan fòm lalwa, epi li pat ni divin ni resisite. Kontrèman, [[Jezi nan Islam]]{{efn|Souvan yo rele l pa non koranik li, {{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[Isa (non)|ʿĪsā]]}}}} konsidere kòm [[Mesi#Islam|mesi a]] ak yon [[Pwofèt ak mesaje nan Islam|pwofèt]] [[Bondye nan Islam|Bondye]], ki te voye bay [[Izrayelit|Izrayelit yo]] epi ki [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi#Islam|pral retounen sou Latè]] anvan [[Jou Jijman nan Islam|Jou Jijman an]]. [[Mizilman]] kwè Jezi te fèt nan vyèj [[Mari nan Islam|Mari]] men li pat ni Bondye ni pitit Bondye. Pifò Mizilman [[Opinyon islamik sou lanmò Jezi|pa kwè yo te touye l oswa krisifye l]], men Bondye [[Antre nan syèl vivan|te leve l nan Syèl la pandan li te toujou vivan]].{{efn|Gen kèk Mizilman nan Mwayennaj ki te kwè Jezi te krisifye, kon manm mouvman modèn Ahmadiyya a; gade {{slink||Islamic perspectives}}.}} Jezi tou venere nan [[Lafwa Bahayi]] ak [[Relijyon dwouz|relijyon dwouz]], ansanm ak nan [[Rastafari]]. {{TOC limit|3}} == Non == {{Further|Jezi (non)|Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|Non sen Jezi|Non Bondye nan Krisyanis}} [[File:JesusYeshua2.svg|thumb|Soti anwo agòch: transkripsyon [[Arameyen|arameyen]], [[Lang ebre|ebre]], [[Lang grèk|grèk]], [[Laten|laten]] ak angle non ''Jezi'']] Yon jwif nan tan Jezi souvan [[Non jwif|te gen yon sèl non]], pafwa swivi pa yon fraz [[Patwonim|patwonimik]] ki gen fòm "pitit [non papa a]", oswa pa vil kote li soti a.<ref name="Britannica" /> Konsa, nan Nouvo Testaman an, souvan yo refere a Jezi kòm "Jezi [[Nazarèt]]".{{efn|Atik sa a itilize sitasyon ki soti nan [[Nouvo Vèsyon Revize Estanda]] Bib la.}} Vwazen Jezi yo nan Nazarèt te rele l "bòs bòs la, pitit [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]] ak frè [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jak jenn nan|Jozès]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]", "pitit bòs bòs la", oswa "pitit [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]]"; nan [[Evanjil Jan|Evanjil Jan an]], disip [[Filip apot la|Filip]] rele l "Jezi pitit Jozèf, moun Nazarèt".<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:45}}</ref> Non ''Jezi'' se transliterasyon angle, atravè laten ''Iesus'', de {{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, ki se vèsyon grèk non ebre יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ ''Yehoshua'' (Yehōšuᵃʿ).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Greek: 2424. Ἰησοῦς (Iésous) -- Jesus |url=https://biblehub.com/greek/2424.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The Greek name corresponds to the Hebrew "Joshua."''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1">{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The name Jesus, in Greek, answers to Joshua, or rather, Jehoshuah, in Hebrew, which signifies Jehovah shall save;'' […] ''It was not without reason that the successor of Moses was called by this name; for, by subduing the Canaanites, and putting the tribes of Israel in possession of the promised land, he showed himself to be, under God, the Saviour of his people. But this name agrees much better to our Jesus, who both delivers his followers from much more dangerous enemies, and divides unto them a much more glorious inheritance.''}}</ref> Non ebre/[[Arameyen|arameyen]] sa a te komen nan mitan jwif [[Jide|jide]] yo nan epòk nesans Jezi,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Barnes' Notes |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''It was a very common name among the Jews.''}}</ref> byenke nan peryòd sa a li te deja rakousi an יֵשׁוּעַ ''[[Yeshua]]'' (Yešūᵃʿ);<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3442. יֵשׁ֫וּעַ (Yeshua) -- Yeshua, Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3442.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûaʿ) is the late, shortened spelling of the earlier name יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (Yehōšûaʿ, "Joshua").}}</ref> kontraksyon an te deja fèt nan liv biblik ki pi ta tankou [[Liv Neyemi|Neyemi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=H3442 - yēšûaʿ - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) |url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/gen/1/1/s_1001 |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=Blue Letter Bible |quote=''Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon: יֵשׁוּעַ [Jeshua] a contracted form of the proper name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ used in the later Hebrew ... proper name of other men, mentioned in the books of Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah''}}</ref> kote yo rele [[Jozye]] ''Yeshua''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehemiah 8:17 Hebrew Interlinear: ... for the sons of Israel had not done, from the days of '''Jeshua [יֵשׁוּעַ, Yeshua] son of Nun''' ... |url=https://biblehub.com/interlinear/nehemiah/8-17.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> Non an vle di "[[Tetragram|Bondye]] sove" an ebre, literalman "[[Yawe]] sove",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3091. יְהוֹשׁ֫וּעַ (Yehoshua) -- Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Both Joshua son of Nun and Jesus of Nazareth bear the name "Yahweh saves"''}}</ref> soti nan [[Rasin semitik|rasin]] ישׁע (''y-š-ʿ,'' 'sove') ak non יְשׁוּעָה (''yeshuah'', 'sali'). [[Evanjil Matye|Evanjil Matye a]] afime siyifikasyon etimolojik non Jezi a klèman nan pwofesi zanj lan bay Jozèf sou nesans li: "w ap rele l Jezi (Ἰησοῦς), paske l ap sove pèp li a anba peche yo".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:21}}.</ref> Chèchè yo bay enpòtans teyolojik a lefèt ke siksesè [[Moyiz]], [[Jozye]], pote menm non ak Jezi nan grèk, ebre ak arameyen orijinal yo, paske souvan yo fè yon paralèl ant de lidè yo ak etimoloji non yo pataje a ('sove'): Jozye mennen jwif yo nan [[Peyi Pwomiz la]], pandan nan Kretyen Jezi konprann kòm moun ki sove jwif ak [[Payen|payen]] anba peche yo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Matthew Poole's Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua had his name from the same word, because he was to be a temporal saviour to save the Jews, the whole body of the Jews, from the Canaanites their enemies. This Jesus was to save his people, all that should believe in his name, whether Jews or Gentiles, from their sins.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Vincent's Word Studies |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/vws/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Under Joshua the enemies of Israel were conquered, and the people established in the Promised Land. So Jesus leads his people in the fight with sin and temptation.''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua who led the Israelites into the Promised Land, and Joshua or Jeshua, who was high priest at the time of the return from the Babylonish Captivity, are types of Jesus Christ in respect both of work and name.''}}</ref> === Jezikri === {{Further|Kris (tit)}} Depi 1ye syèk la, kretyen yo souvan refere a Jezi kòm "Jezikri".{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=212}} Mo [[Kris (tit)|''Kris'']] la pa yon non bay men se te orijinèlman yon [[Twa fonksyon Kris la|tit oswa yon biwo]] ("Kris la"), ki vle di "[[Mesi|Mesi a]]".{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=30–31}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Theology of the New Testament |first=Rudolf K. |last=Bultmann |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-932792-93-5 |page=80 |publisher=Baylor University Press}}</ref> Tèm nan soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|[[wikt:Χριστός|Χριστός]]}} ({{tlit|grc|Christos}}),<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle= Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ |first=Anthony J. |last= Maas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Heil |first=John P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |title=Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-58983-482-8 |page=66 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173832/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> yon [[Kalk|kalk]] mo ebre {{lang|he|[[wikt:מָשִׁיחַ|משיח]]}} {{tlit|he|[[Mesi nan jidayis|mashiakh]]}} (Mašiᵃḥ), ki transliterasyone an angle kòm ''messiah''.{{sfn|Vine|1940|pp=274–275}} Tèm ebre a vle di "[[Onksyone|onksyone]]", soti nan vèb מָשַׁח (''mashaḥ''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 4886. מָשַׁח (mashach)|url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4886.htm|access-date=21 January 2026|website=biblehub.com|quote=Lexical summary: "to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint"}}</ref> Nan jidayis biblik la, [[Lwil onksyon sakre|lwil sakre]] te itilize pou onksyone kèk moun ak objè eksepsyonèlman sakre kòm yon pati nan envestitir relijyez yo.<ref>Gade [[Levitik]] 8:10–12 ak [[Egzòd 30]]:29.</ref> Nan [[Septant|Septant la]], yo te tradui mo ebre a an grèk kòm χριστός (''christos''), ki vle di "onksyone",<ref>{{Cite web |title=χριστός Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χριστός&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=of persons, anointed}}</ref> soti nan vèb χρίω (''chrio''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=χρίω Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χρίω&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=Autenrieth: smear with oil, anoint, LSJ: rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil}}</ref> Premye kretyen yo te nonmen Jezi "Kris la" paske yo te kwè li se Mesi a ("moun ki onksyone a") ki te [[Jezi ak pwofesi mesyanik|pwofetize]] nan [[Bib ebre a]] (Ansyen Testaman an). Nan itilizasyon apre epòk biblik la, ''Kris'' te vin wè kòm yon non—yon pati nan "Jezikri". Tèm ''[[Kretyen|kretyen]]'', ki vle di yon disip Kris, ap itilize depi 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA142 142]}} == Lavi ak ansèyman nan Nouvo Testaman an == {{Main|Lavi Jezi}} {{Further|Kote Nouvo Testaman asosye ak Jezi}} {{Gospel Jesus|state=collapsed}} === Levanjil kanonik yo === {{Main|Levanjil|Amoni levanjil yo|Fyabilite istorik levanjil yo}} [[File:Dublin, Chester Beatty Ms Papyrus 45 BP I ff.13-14 Luke 11.50-12.12; 12.18-37; 12.42-13.1; 13.jpg|alt=Yon manyiskri papirus kat paj, ki chire an plizyè kote|thumb|Yon [[Papirus|papirus]] grèk 3yèm syèk [[Levanjil Lik|Levanjil Lik la]]]] Kat [[Levanjil kanonik|levanjil kanonik]] yo ([[Levanjil Matye|Matye]], [[Levanjil Mak|Mak]], [[Levanjil Lik|Lik]] ak [[Levanjil Jan|Jan]]) se sous prensipal pou lavi ak mesaj Jezi.<ref name="Britannica" /> Lòt pati nan Nouvo Testaman an gen ladan yo tou referans a gwo epizòd nan lavi li, tankou [[Dènye Soupe a]] nan [[1 Korentyen 11]]:23–26.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|11:23–26|9}}.</ref>{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=441–442}}<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}} [[Travay Apot yo]]<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|10:37–38|9}} and {{bibleverse|Acts|19:4|9}}.</ref> fè referans a premye ministè Jezi ak fason [[Jan Batis]] te anonse l davans.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Book of the Acts|series=New International Commentary on the New Testament|first=Frederick F. |last=Bruce |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-2505-6 |page=362 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref>{{sfn|Rausch|2003|p=77}}{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} Travay 1:1–11<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|1:1–11|9}}.</ref> bay plis detay sou [[Asansyon Jezi]]<ref>also mentioned in {{bibleverse|1 Timothy|3:16}}.</ref> pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}} Nan [[Lèt pòl yo#Otantisite|lèt pòl yo ki pa diskite]], ki te ekri anvan levanjil yo, yo site plizyè fwa pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians 7:10–11, 9:14, 11:23–25|multi=yes}}, {{bibleverse|2 Corinthians|12:9}}.</ref>{{efn|Powell ekri: "[Pòl] site pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi nan kèk kote,<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Cor. 7:10–11; 9:14; 11:23–25|multi=yes}}; {{bibleverse|2 Cor.|12:9}}; cf. {{bibleverse|Acts|20:35}}</ref> men nan pifò ka li montre ti enterè pou detay lavi ak ministè Jezi sou tè a."<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Mark A. |title=Introducing the New Testament |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe |url-access=limited |date=2009 |publisher=Baker |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe/page/248 248] |isbn=978-0-8010-2868-7}}</ref>}} Gen kèk gwoup [[Premye kretyen|kretyen primitif]] ki te gen deskripsyon separe sou lavi ak ansèyman Jezi ki pa nan Nouvo Testaman an. Ladan yo gen [[Levanjil Toma]], [[Levanjil Pyè]], [[Levanjil Jida]], [[Apokrif Jak]], ak [[Apokrif Nouvo Testaman|anpil lòt ekri apokrif]]. Pifò chèchè konkli tèks sa yo te ekri pi ta epi yo mwens fyab sou plan istorik pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Brown|1997|pp=835–840}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=C. A. |title=Exploring the Origins of the Bible |date=2008 |publisher=Baker |page=154}}</ref>{{sfn|Keener|2009|p=56}} ==== Otè, dat ak fyabilite ==== Levanjil kanonik yo se kat istwa, chak youn atribiye a yon otè diferan. Jeneralman yo konsidere otè levanjil yo kòm psedonim, e tradisyon atribiye yo a [[Kat evanjelis yo|kat evanjelis yo]], chak asosye ak Jezi oswa ak disip pwòch li yo:{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} Mak a [[Jan Mak]], yon asosye [[Sen Pyè|Pyè]];<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> [[Matye apot la|Matye]] a youn nan [[Disip (Krisyanis)|disip]] Jezi yo;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} [[Lik evanjelis la|Lik]] a yon konpayon [[Pòl apot la|Pòl]] ki mansyone nan kèk lèt;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} epi Jan a yon lòt disip Jezi,{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} "[[Disip byenneme a|disip byenneme a]]".{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, St.}} Dapre [[Priyorite markyèn|priyorite markyèn nan]], premye levanjil ki te ekri a se [[Levanjil Mak]] (ane 60–75 apre Jezikri), swivi pa Levanjil Matye (65–85), Levanjil Lik (65–95), ak Levanjil Jan (75–100).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |title=Can We Trust the Gospels?: Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |publisher=Crossway |year=2007 |page=58 |isbn=978-1-4335-1978-9 |first=Mark D. |last=Roberts |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907174109/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pifò chèchè dakò otè Matye ak Lik te itilize Mak kòm sous pou levanjil yo. Kòm Matye ak Lik pataje tou kèk kontni ki pa nan Mak, anpil chèchè konkli yo te itilize yon [[Sous Q|sous Q]] ipotetik anplis Mak, pandan yon kantite k ap grandi sipòte [[Ipotèz Farrer|ipotèz Farrer]] oswa [[Ipotèz posteryorite matyèn|Posteryorite matyèn nan]], kote Matye ak Lik te itilize youn lòt dirèkteman.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Runesson|first=Anders|title=Jesus, New Testament, Christian Origins|date=2021|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=9780802868923}}</ref><ref name="TSP20222">{{Cite book |title=The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference|publisher=Peeters Pub and Booksellers|year=2023|isbn=9789042950344|pages=5|editor-first1=Olegs|editor-last1=Andrejevs|editor-first2=Simon J. |editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first3=‎Edmondo|editor-last3=Lupieri|editor-first4=Joseph|editor-last4=Verhayden}}</ref>{{sfn|Licona|2010|pp=210–221}} Lik ak Matye trete sous yo yon fason ki pi konsèvatè pase lòt istoryen ansyen tankou [[Diodò Sisil]], byenke paralèl ak varyasyon levanjil sinoptik yo se kalite ki tipik nan byografi istorik ansyen.<ref name="Kloppenborg 49–79">{{Cite journal |last=Kloppenborg|first=John|title=Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?|journal=Ephemerides Theologicae Lovaniensis|volume=83|issue=1|pages=49–79}}</ref><ref name="Licona 2016 XIII-XIV">{{Cite book |last=Licona |first=Mike |title=Why are there Differences in the Gospels? What we can Learn from Ancient Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0190264260 |pages=XIII-XIV}}</ref> Yon aspè enpòtan nan etid levanjil yo se [[Jan literè|jan literè]] kote yo klase.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Burridge|first1=R. A. |year=2006|chapter=Gospels|editor-first1=J. W. |editor-last1=Rogerson|editor-first2=Judith M. |editor-last2=Lieu|title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=433}}</ref> Si otè levanjil yo te vle ekri woman, mit, istwa oswa byografi, sa gen yon gwo enpak sou fason pou entèprete zèv yo.<ref>Talbert, C. H. (1977). ''What is a Gospel? The Genre of the Canonical Gospels''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Fortress Press.</ref><ref>Wills, L. M. (1997). ''The Quest of the Historical Gospel: Mark, John and the Origins of the Gospel Genre''. London: Routledge. p. 10.</ref><ref>Burridge, R. A. (2004). ''What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography''. revised updated edn. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.</ref> Byenke li pa san kritik,<ref>e.g. Vines, M. E. (2002). ''The Problem of the Markan Genre: The Gospel of Mark and the Jewish Novel''. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 161–162.</ref> opinyon ki di levanjil yo se yon kalite byografi ansyen reprezante konsansis chèchè jodi a.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stanton |first=Graham N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |title=Jesus and Gospel |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-00802-0 |page=192 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005236/https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogerson |first1=J. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies |last2=Lieu |first2=Judith M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-925425-5 |page=437 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225204746/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |archive-date=25 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Konsènan egzaktitid istwa yo, opinyon yo varye depi sa ki konsidere yo kòm deskripsyon [[Inerans biblik|san erè]] lavi Jezi,{{sfn|Grudem|1994|pp=90–91}} rive sa ki dwe sou fyabilite istorik yo sou divès pwen,{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}} jiska sa ki konsidere yo kòm bay trè piti enfòmasyon istorik sou lavi li apa de baz yo.{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=117–125}}{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|pp=22–23}} ==== Estrikti ak kontni konparatif ==== {{Christianity sidebar}} Matye, Mak ak Lik rele levanjil sinoptik yo, soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|σύν}} ({{tlit|grc|syn}}, 'ansanm') ak {{lang|grc|ὄψις}} ({{tlit|grc|opsis}}, 'vizyon'),<ref name="Haffner-2008" /><ref name="Scroggie-1995" /><ref>{{OED|synoptic}}</ref> paske yo sanble nan kontni, aranjman naratif, lang ak estrikti paragraf, epi yo ka mete youn akote lòt fasilman pou konparezon sinoptik.<ref name="Haffner-2008">{{cite book |title=New Testament Theology |first=Paul |last=Haffner |year=2008 |isbn=978-88-902268-0-9 |page=135 |publisher=Gracewing}}</ref><ref name="Scroggie-1995">{{cite book |title=A Guide to the Gospels |first=W. Graham |last=Scroggie |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8254-9571-7 |page=128 |publisher=[[Kregel Publications]]}}</ref><ref>{{Britannica URL |title=Synoptic Gospels |url=topic/Synoptic-Gospels}}</ref> Chèchè yo jeneralman dakò li enposib jwenn yon relasyon literè dirèk ant levanjil sinoptik yo ak Levanjil Jan an.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel of John |first1=Francis J. |last1=Moloney |first2=Daniel J. |last2=Harrington |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8146-5806-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3 3] |publisher=Liturgical Press |url=https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3}}</ref> Anpil evènman—tankou batèm Jezi, krisifiksyon l ak relasyon l ak [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li yo—parèt nan levanjil sinoptik yo, men ensidan tankou [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|transfigirasyon an]] ak [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]] Jezi{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}} pa parèt nan Jan, ki diferan tou sou lòt pwen, tankou [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|netwayaj Tanp lan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ladd |first=George E. |title=A Theology of the New Testament |year=1993 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-0680-2 |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907103156/https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil sinoptik yo mete aksan sou diferan aspè Jezi. Nan Mak, Jezi se [[Pitit Bondye (Krisyanis)|Pitit Bondye]] ki gen zèv pwisan yo montre prezans [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Yo prezante l kòm yon moun k ap fè mirak san repo ak sèvitè Bondye kou lèzòm.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Thompson|editor-first1=Frank Charles|title=The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible|publisher=Kirk Bride Bible Company & Zondervan Bible Publishers|year=1983|pages= 1563–1564}}</ref> Kout levanjil sa a anrejistre relativman kèk pawòl oswa gwo ansèyman Jezi.<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Levanjil Matye a mete aksan sou lefèt Jezi se akonplisman volonte Bondye jan yo revele l nan Ansyen Testaman an ak Senyè Legliz la.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Matthew|pages=1171–1212}}</ref> Yo prezante l kòm "[[Liyaj davidik|Pitit David]]", yon "wa", ak Mesi a.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" />{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=4–6}} Lik prezante Jezi kòm sovè diven-imen ki montre konpasyon pou moun nan nesesite.<ref name="May Metzger Luke">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Luke|pages=1240–1285}}</ref> Yo montre l kòm zanmi moun k ap fè peche ak moun yo rejte, ki te vini chèche ak sove moun ki pèdi yo.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Levanjil sa a gen ladan l parabòl byen konnen, tankou [[Bon Samariten an]] ak [[Pitit pèdi a|Pitit Pèdi a]].<ref name="May Metzger Luke" /> [[Pwològ Levanjil Jan an]] idantifye Jezi kòm yon enkanasyon Pawòl divin lan ([[Logos (Krisyanis)|Logos]]).<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=John|pages=1286–1318}}</ref> Kòm Pawòl la, yo dekri Jezi kòm etènèlman prezan avèk Bondye, aktif nan tout kreyasyon an, ak sous nati moral ak espirityèl limanite.<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn" /> Nan levanjil sa a, yo prezante Jezi kòm pa sèlman pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt imen nan tan pase, men pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt ki ka egziste: li pa sèlman pale Pawòl Bondye; li se Pawòl Bondye.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi revele wòl divin li piblikman epi yo dekri l kòm [[Pen lavi a]], [[Limyè mond lan]], [[Vrè Pye Rezen an]], ak plis ankò.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Otè Nouvo Testaman an jeneralman te montre ti enterè pou etabli yon [[Kwonoloji Jezi|kwonoloji]] absoli lavi Jezi oswa pou senkwonize epizòd lavi li ak istwa laïk epòk la.{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}} Jan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#21:25|Jan 21:25]] di l, levanjil yo pa pretann bay yon lis konplè evènman nan lavi Jezi.<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Collins |first=Gerald |title=Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-955787-5 |pages=1–3}}</ref> Yo te ekri istwa yo sitou kòm dokiman teyolojik nan kontèks [[Krisyanis primitif|kretyen primitif]], ak kwonoloji kòm yon konsiderasyon segondè.<ref name="Wiarda75">{{cite book |title=Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology |first=Timothy |last=Wiarda |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8054-4843-6 |pages=75–78 |publisher=B&H}}</ref> Levanjil yo konsakre apeprè yon tyè nan tèks yo a dènye semèn lavi Jezi nan [[Jerizalèm]], ke yo rele [[Pasyon (Krisyanis)|Pasyon an]].<ref name="Turner613">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=David L. |last=Turner |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8010-2684-3 |page=613 |publisher=Baker}}</ref> Yo pa bay ase detay pou satisfè egzijans istoryen modèn yo konsènan dat egzak, men li posib pou tire yon imaj jeneral istwa lavi Jezi nan yo.{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}}{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}}<ref name="Wiarda75" /> === Jenealoji ak nesans === {{Main|Jenealoji Jezi|Nativite Jezi}} Jezi te jwif,{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} li te fèt nan [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], madanm [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]].<ref>[[Matye 1]]; [[Lik 2]].</ref> Levanjil Matye ak Lik ofri de istwa diferan sou [[Jenealoji|jenealoji]] li. Matye trase zansèt Jezi jiska [[Abraram]] pa [[David]],<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:1–16}}.</ref>{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=80–91}} pandan Lik trase zansèt Jezi pa [[Adan]] jiska Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–38}}.</ref>{{sfn|Brown|1978|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC&pg=PA163 163]}} Lis yo idantik ant Abraram ak David men yo diferan anpil apati pwen sa a; Matye gen 27 jenerasyon ant David ak Jozèf, pandan Lik gen 42, ak prèske pa gen okenn non ki parèt nan de lis yo.{{efn|Konpare {{bibleverse|Matthew|1:6–16|NIV}} ak {{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–31|NIV}}. Gade tou {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Konparezon de jenealoji yo}}.}}<ref>{{cite book |last=France |first=R. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |title=The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8028-0063-3 |page=72 |author-link=R. T. France |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229004519/https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live}} "From David the two lists diverge, as Matthew follows the line of succession to the throne of Judah from Solomon, whereas Luke's list goes through Nathan, ... and converges with Matthew's only for the two names of Shealtiel and Zerubabbel until Joseph is reached."</ref> Yo pwopoze divès teyori pou eksplike poukisa de jenealoji yo tèlman diferan.{{efn|Pou yon apèsi sou teyori sa yo, gade {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Eksplikasyon pou divèjans lan}}.}} [[File:Gerard van Honthorst - Adoration of the Shepherds (1622).jpg|thumb|left|''Adorasyon bèje yo'' pa [[Gerard van Honthorst]], 1622|alt=Yon sèn nesans; gason ak bèt antoure Mari ak Jezi k ap fèk fèt, ki kouvri ak limyè]] Tou de Matye ak Lik dekri nesans Jezi, sitou ke li te fèt nan yon vyèj ki rele Mari nan [[Betleyèm]] pou akonpli [[Pwofesi|pwofesi]]. Istwa Lik la mete aksan sou evènman anvan [[Nesans Jezi|nesans Jezi]] epi li santre sou Mari, pandan istwa Matye a kouvri pi plis evènman apre nesans lan epi li santre sou Jozèf.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=556}}<ref name="marsh37">{{cite book |title=Jesus and the Gospels |last=Marsh |first=Clive |author-last2=Moyise|author-first2= Steve |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-567-04073-2 |page=37 |publisher=Clark International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907095218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Morris|1992|page=26}} Tou de istwa deklare Mari te fiyanse ak yon nonm ki rele Jozèf, ki te desandan Wa David epi ki pat papa byolojik Jezi, epi tou de sipòte doktrin [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|nesans vyèj Jezi a]], dapre sa Jezi te konsevwa nan yon fason mirakilè pa [[Sentespri]] nan vant Mari lè li te toujou vyèj.<ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=David L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |title=A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-85244-224-1 |pages=538–540 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=30–37}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-26036-7 |pages=96–100 |publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> An menm tan, gen prèv, omwen nan ''Travay Apot yo'' Lik la, ke yo te panse Jezi te gen, tankou anpil figi nan ansyènte, yon doub patènite, paske la yo di li desandan nan semans oswa nan rèl David.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lincoln |first=Andrew T. |date=2013 |title=Luke and Jesus' Conception: A Case of Double Paternity? |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=639–658 |jstor=23487891 |issn=0021-9231}}</ref> Lè Jozèf [[Adopsyon nan jidayis|pran Jezi kòm pwòp pitit li]], yo konprann li ba li desandans davidik ki nesesè a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |last1=Lincoln|first1=Andrew T. |title=Conceiving Jesus: re-examining Jesus' conception in canon, Christology, and creed|publisher=The Severn Forum|date=5 March 2015|page= 4 |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=10 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510100248/http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk chèchè ki sigjere Jezi te gen eritaj [[Levit|levit]] nan bò Mari, dapre relasyon san li ak [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]].<ref>For example, {{citation |title=Carmen 18}}</ref> [[File:Bellini-circumcision-NG1455-fm.jpg|thumb|alt=74.9 × 102.2&nbsp;cm|''Sikonsizyon'' pa [[Giovanni Bellini]], {{circa|1500|lk=no}}. Tablo a dekri [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsizyon Jezi]].]] Nan Matye, Jozèf boulvèse paske Mari, fiyanse li, [[Gwosès|ansent]],<ref>[[Matye 1:19]]–[[Matye 1:20|20]].</ref> men nan premye [[Rèv Sen Jozèf|kat rèv Jozèf]], yon zanj asire l pou l pa pè pran Mari kòm madanm li paske pitit li a te konsevwa pa Sentespri.<ref name="Talbert">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=Charles H. |last=Talbert |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8010-3192-2 |publisher=Baker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |pages=29–30 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan [[Matye 2:1]]–[[Matye 2:12|12]], [[Mag biblik yo|saj]] oswa [[Mag]] ki soti nan [[Oryan]] pote kado bay jenn Jezi kòm [[Jezi, Wa jwif yo|Wa jwif yo]]. Yo jwenn li nan yon kay Betleyèm. [[Ewòd Gran]] tande pale de nesans Jezi epi, tankou li te vle touye l, [[Masak inosan yo|bay lòd pou touye tout ti gason]] nan Betleyèm ak anviwon li. Men, yon zanj avèti Jozèf nan dezyèm rèv li, epi fanmi an [[Sove ale an Ejip|sove ale an Ejip]], answit li retounen epi li etabli nan Nazarèt.<ref name="Talbert" />{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Schnackenburg |first=Rudolf |title=The Gospel of Matthew |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8028-4438-5 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |pages=9–11 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052207/https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Lik 1:31–38, Mari aprann nan men zanj [[Gabriyèl]] ke l ap konsevwa epi bay nesans a yon pitit ki rele Jezi atravè aksyon Sentespri.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> Lè Mari prèt pou akouche, li menm ak Jozèf vwayaje soti nan Nazarèt pou ale nan vil zansèt Jozèf, Betleyèm, pou anrejistre nan resansman [[Sezar Ogis]] te bay lòd fè a. Pandan yo la, Mari bay Jezi nesans, epi kòm yo pa jwenn plas nan oberj la, li mete ti bebe a nan yon [[Manje bèt|manje bèt]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:1–7}}.</ref> Yon [[Anons bay bèje yo|zanj anonse nesans lan bay yon gwoup bèje]], ki ale Betleyèm pou wè Jezi epi answit gaye nouvèl la toupatou.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:8–20}}.</ref> Lik 2:21 rakonte kijan Jozèf ak Mari [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsi ti bebe a nan wityèm jou apre nesans]] epi bay li non Jezi, jan Gabriyèl te kòmande Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:21}}.</ref> Apre [[Prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan|prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan]], Jozèf, Mari ak Jezi retounen Nazarèt.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> === Premye ane, fanmi ak pwofesyon === [[File:William Holman Hunt - The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''[[Jwenn Sovè a nan Tanp lan]]'' pa [[William Holman Hunt]], 1860|alt=Mari ak Jozèf jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan]] Levanjil Lik ak Matye idantifye Nazarèt, yon vil nan [[Galile]] ki nan [[Izrayèl]] jodi a, kòm kay anfans Jezi, kote li te viv ak fanmi li. Byenke Jozèf parèt nan deskripsyon anfans Jezi, pa gen okenn mansyon sou li apre sa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Perrotta |first=Louise B. |title=Saint Joseph: His Life and His Role in the Church Today |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87973-573-9 |pages=21, 110–112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Reverend Archdeacon Kinane |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138 |title=Saint Joseph: His Life, His Virtues, His Privileges, His Power |page=138 |chapter=Section VI – The perpetual virginity of St. Joseph |publisher=Aeterna Press|access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230526/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Lòt manm fanmi li yo, gen ladan yo manman l Mari; [[Frè Jezi yo|kat frè li yo]], [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jezi|Jozès (oswa Jozèf)]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]; ak sè li yo ki pa gen non, mansyone nan Levanjil yo ak lòt sous.<ref>{{cite book |title=Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth |last=Aslan |first=Reza |author-link=Reza Aslan |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |page=[https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756 36] |isbn=978-1-4000-6922-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756}}</ref> Yo rele grann ak granpapa Jezi nan bò manman l [[Jowakim]] ak [[Sen Ann|Ann]] nan [[Levanjil Jak|Levanjil Jak la]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim |page=194 |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-134-50949-2 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230540/https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim#v=snippet&q=joachim&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Lik la anrejistre ke Mari te fanmi [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]], manman Jan Batis.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Luke|1:5, 36|KJV}}.</ref> Gen kèk sous ekstrabiblik kontanporen ki konsidere Jezi ak Jan Batis kòm kouzen jèmen, sou baz kwayans Elizabèt te pitit fi [[Sobe (sè Sen Ann)|Sobe]], sè Ann.<ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 97.1325.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 120.189.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 145.760 ([[Nicephorus Callistus|Nicéphore Callistus]], ''Historia ecclesiastica'', 2.3).</ref> Levanjil Mak rapòte ke nan kòmansman [[Ministè Jezi|ministè li]], Jezi antre an konfli ak vwazen ak fanmi li.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Manman l ak frè l yo vin chèche l<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:31–35}}.</ref> paske moun ap di [[Sante mantal Jezi|li pèdi tèt li]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:21}}.</ref> Jezi reponn ke disip li yo se vre fanmi li. Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi ak manman l ale nan yon [[Nòs Kana|nòs Kana]], kote li fè premye mirak li sou demann li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:1–11}}.</ref> Pita, li prezan nan krisifiksyon li, epi li eksprime enkyetid pou byennèt li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|19:25–27}}.</ref> Yo rele Jezi yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} ({{tlit|grc|[[tektōn]]}}) nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#6:3|Mak 6:3]], yon tèm ke yo tradisyonèlman konprann kòm "bòs bòs" men ki ka refere tou a moun ki fabrike objè nan divès materyo, ladan yo konstriktè.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry G. |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |title=An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon: The Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek–English Lexicon |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1889 |page=797}}</ref>{{sfn|Dickson|2008|pp=68–69}} Kòm tèm nan gen yon gwo laj siyifikasyon ak "reyalite sosyo-istorik yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} nazarèn komen", Matthew K. Robinson, yon minis ak akademisyen, prefere tradui {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} kòm 'konstriktè-atizan'.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Matthew K. |title="Is This Not the Τέκτων?": Revisiting Jesus's Vocation in Mark 6:3 |journal=Neotestamentica |date=2021 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=431–445 |doi=10.1353/neo.2021.0038}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Robinson |url=https://www.theology.ox.ac.uk/people/matthew-robinson |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> Levanjil yo endike Jezi te kapab li, parafraze ak diskite Ekriti yo, men sa pa nesesèman vle di li te resevwa yon fòmasyon fòmèl kòm eskrib.<ref>{{Atik ansiklopedik|year=2001 |title=Context, family and formation |encyclopedia=Cambridge companion to Jesus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |access-date=14 August 2015 |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |editor-last=Bockmuehl |editor-first=Markus N. A. |pages=14, 21 |isbn=978-0-521-79678-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907175830/https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live|doi=10.1017/CCOL0521792614.002}}</ref> Levanjil Lik rapòte de vwayaj Jezi ak paran li nan Jerizalèm pandan anfans li. Yo vin nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] pou [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezantasyon Jezi]] kòm ti bebe an akò ak lalwa jwif la, kote yon nonm ki rele [[Simeyon (Levanjil Lik)|Simeyon]] fè yon pwofesi sou Jezi ak Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:22–35}}.</ref> Lè Jezi, a laj douz an, pèdi nan yon pèlerinaj Jerizalèm pou [[Pak jwif|Pak jwif la]], paran li jwenn li nan [[Jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan|Tanp lan]] chita nan mitan metèd yo, k ap koute yo epi poze kesyon, epi moun yo sezi pou entèlijans li ak repons li yo. Mari repwoche Jezi paske li te pèdi, epi Jezi reponn li dwe "nan kay Papa l".<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:41–52}}.</ref> iflcvc11yfbczscxx2lefz51tum3mpf 889169 889168 2026-10-23T05:50:13Z Kitanago 19629 889169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | non = Jezi Kris | imaj = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | taille image = 200 | lejand = [[Christ pantocrator (Sinaï)|Christ pantocrator nan monastè Sent-Katrin Sinaï]], {{sap-|VI}} | tit = [[Jezi Nazarèt]] ak Pitit Bondye a | dat nesans = ant [[7 av. J.-K.|7]] ak [[5 av. J.-K.|5 anvan epòk nou an]] | lye nesans = [[Bètleyèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]), selon Levanjil yo ; [[Nazarèt]] nan [[Galile (rejyon)|Galile]], selon yon majorite istoryen. | dat lanmò = ant [[30]] et [[33]]<ref>Aujourd'hui, la très grande majorité des chercheurs donnent 30 ou 33, selon la longueur qu'ils estiment du ministère de Jésus, mais selon la tradition, il est mort à trente-trois ans : selon ses dates supposées de naissance, cela donne entre 26 et 28 ; cf. {{chapitre|langue=en|prénom1=Stanley E.|nom1=Porter|titre chapitre=Chronology of the New Testament|auteurs ouvrage=David Noel Freedman et Allen C. Myers (dirs.)|titre ouvrage=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|éditeur=Amsterdam University Press|année=2000|isbn=9789053565032|passage=250}}. Quelques-uns donnent 29 et une petite minorité va jusqu'à 36 ; voir la synthèse de {{Ouvrage|prénom1=Raymond E.|nom1=Brown|lien auteur1=Raymond Edward Brown|titre=La Mort du Messie|éditeur=[[Éditions Bayard|Bayard]]|année=2005|pages totales=1695|passage=1552|isbn=978-2-227-35025-0}} </ref> | lye lanmò = [[Jerizalèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]) | laj lanmò = Anviwon 35 an | non nesans = | lòt non = [[Jezi Nazarèt]]<br />[[Mesi]]<br />[[Trinite (chrisyanis)|Bondye]] | nasyonalite = }} '''Jezi'''{{efn|{{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{transliteration|grc|Iēsoús}}, gen chans soti nan {{langx|he|יֵשׁוּעַ|label=[[Lang ebre|ebre]] oswa [[Arameyen|arameyen]]}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{tlit|und|[[Yeshua|Yēšūaʿ]]}} }} ({{circa|6 a 4 anvan Jezikri}}<!-- "By collating the gospel accounts with historical data and using various other methods, most scholars arrive at a date of birth between 6 and 4 BC for Jesus, though scholarly arguments for a date of birth between 7 and 1 BC have been made" in 'Chronology' section -->{{snd}}ane 30 oswa 33 apre Jezikri), ke yo rele tou '''Jezikri''',{{efn|[[Kopt (lang)|Kopt]]: {{lang|cop|Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ́ρⲓⲥτⲟⲥ}}; [[Geʽez]]: {{lang|gez|መሲህ ኢየሱስ}}; [[Grèk koine|Grèk]]: {{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}; [[Ebre klasik|Ebre]]: {{lang|hbo|ישוע המשיח}}; [[Laten]]: {{lang|la|Iesus Christus}}; [[Slavon legliz|Slavon]]: {{lang|cu|І҆исоу́съ Хрїсто́съ}}; [[Siryak klasik|Siryak]]: {{lang|syc|ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ}}}} '''Jezi Nazarèt''', epi pa [[Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|lòt non ak tit]] ankò, se te yon predikatè [[Jwif|jwif]] ak [[Lis fondatè tradisyon relijye|lidè relijye]] ki te aktif nan [[Jide (pwovens women)|pwovens women Jide]] pandan 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} <!-- Do not merge these. Jesus is — not was — the central figure of Christianity. -->Li se [[Jezi nan Krisyanis|figi santral]] [[Krisyanis]], [[Gwo gwoup relijyon yo|pi gwo relijyon nan mond lan]]. Pifò [[Konfesyon kretyen|branch kretyen]] konsidere Jezi kòm [[Enkanasyon (Krisyanis)|enkanasyon]] [[Bondye Pitit la]] ak [[Mesi#Krisyanis|Mesi]] oswa [[Kris (tit)|Kris]] yo t ap tann nan. Istwa [[Lavi Jezi|lavi Jezi]] yo kontni nan [[Evanjil|Evanjil yo]], sitou nan [[Kat evanjil kanonik yo|kat evanjil kanonik]] [[Nouvo Testaman|Nouvo Testaman an]]. Depi [[Syèk Limyè yo]], [[Rechèch Jezi istorik la|rechèch akademik]] pwodui divès opinyon sou [[Fyabilite istorik evanjil yo|fyabilite istorik evanjil yo]] ak nan ki mezi yo reflete [[Jezi istorik|Jezi istorik la]],{{sfn|Powell|1998|pp=168–173}}{{efn|Ehrman ekri: "Lide ki di istwa evanjil yo pa konplètman egzak men yo toujou enpòtan pou verite relijye yo eseye transmèt la, se yon lide ki byen pataje nan mond chèchè yo, menmsi li pa byen konnen ni kwè deyò mond sa a."<ref>Bart D. Ehrman. [http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium']. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123155853/https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html |date=23 January 2019 }} Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.), The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24{{Clarify|reason=It's unclear if this citation is for one source or multiple sources. Is it a book or an audio lecture?|date=October 2025}}</ref><br />Sanders ekri: "Premye kretyen yo pa t ekri yon naratif sou lavi Jezi, men yo te itilize epi konsa konsève inite endividyèl yo—ti pasaj sou pawòl ak aksyon li. Pita, otè ak editè yo te deplase epi achte inite sa yo. [...] Gen kèk materyèl ki te revize epi gen lòt premye kretyen yo te kreye."{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=57}}}}{{Sfn|Bowman Jr.|Komoszewski|2019|p=22–23}}<ref>{{Cite journal|author-first1=Craig A. |author-last1=Evans|url=https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/54.1.1.pdf|title=Life-of-Jesus Research and the Eclipse of Mythology|journal=Theological Studies |volume=54 |year=1993|pages= 13–14|quote=First, the New Testament Gospels are now viewed as useful, if not essentially reliable, historical sources. Gone is the extreme skepticism that for so many years dominated gospel research. Representative of many is the position of E. P. Sanders and Marcus Borg, who have concluded that it is possible to recover a fairly reliable picture of the historical Jesus.}}</ref><!---- The following paragraph was created by consensus after considerable discussion by a variety of editors. Out of courtesy for this process, please discuss any proposed changes on the talk page before editing it. ----><!-- PLEASE READ THIS FIRST. The following references are WP:RS sources that are used per WP:RS/AC guideline. The issue has been discussed on the talk page at length See the "talk page FAQ" about it; it may answer your question. The main source says "scholars of antiquity", other sources say "scholars", "biblical scholars and classical historians" and "historians". Sources do not say "X scholars" or "Christian scholars", so do not modify it as such, for that will make it deviate from what the sources state. The source says "virtually all", so do NOT change it to "most", "several", "many", etc. Thank you. ----> men prèske tout chèchè modèn [[Ansyènte klasik|ansyènte]] dakò ke [[Istorisite Jezi|Jezi te egziste istorikman]].{{efn |name=exist|Nan yon revizyon etid modèn yo an 2011, [[Bart D. Ehrman]] te ekri, "Li sètènman te egziste, jan prèske tout chèchè konpetan ansyènte, kretyen kou pa kretyen, dakò sou sa."{{sfn|Ehrman|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376/page/n298 285]}} [[Richard A. Burridge]] di: "Gen moun ki sipòte lide ke Jezi se yon envansyon imajinasyon Legliz la, ke pat gen okenn Jezi menm. Mwen oblije di mwen pa konnen okenn chèchè kritik respektab ki di sa ankò."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jesus Now and Then |first1=Richard A. |last1=Burridge |first2=Graham |last2=Gould |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34 34] |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34}}</ref> [[Robert M. Price]] pa kwè Jezi te egziste men li dakò ke pèspektiv sa a kontrè ak opinyon majorite chèchè yo.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Robert M. |last=Price |title=Jesus at the Vanishing Point |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus: Five Views |editor-last1=Beilby |editor-last2=Eddy |year=2009 |publisher=InterVarsity |isbn=978-0-8308-7853-6 |editor-first=James K. |pages=55, 61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |editor2-first=Paul R. |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112540/https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[James D. G. Dunn]] rele teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo "yon tèz konplètman mouri".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Dunn|first=J. D. G.|author-link1=James Dunn (theologian)|title=Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus |encyclopedia=Sacrifice and Redemption |editor-first1=Stephen W. |editor-last1=Sykes |editor-link1= Stephen Sykes|year=2007 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511659522.005 |isbn=978-0-521-04460-8 |pages=35–36}}</ref> Dapre [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]] (yon [[Klasisis|klasisis]]), "Nan dènye ane yo [an 2004], 'okenn chèchè serye pa janm ozewa sipoze Jezi pa t egziste istorikman' oswa omwen trè piti, epi yo pa reyisi elimine prèv ki pi solid, vrèman abondan, ki di kontrè a."<ref>{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Grant |title=Jesus|publisher=Phoenix |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-684-14889-2 |page=200}}</ref> [[Robert E. Van Voorst]] di chèchè biblik ak istoryen klasik konsidere teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo kòm efektivman refite.{{sfn|Van Voorst|2000|p=16}} Nan yon atik pou ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', [[Candida Moss]] ak Joel Baden di, "gen yon konsansis prèske inivèsèl nan mitan chèchè biblik yo&nbsp;– pa vre yo omwen&nbsp;– ke Jezi te, an reyalite, yon vrè nonm."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |title=So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=5 October 2014 |author-first2=Joel |author-last2=Baden |author-link1=Candida Moss|author-first1=Candida |author-last1=Moss |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205210029/https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Dapre [[Tradisyon kretyen|tradisyon kretyen]], jan yo prezante l nan Evanjil yo ak [[Travay Apot yo]], Jezi [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|te sikonsi]] nan wityèm jou, [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezante]] nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] nan karantyèm jou. Jan [[Jan Batis]] te [[Batèm Jezi|batize]] li lè li te yon jenn adilt, epi apre [[Tantasyon Kris|40 jou ak 40 nwit]] jèn nan [[Dezè Jide a|dezè Jide a]], li te kòmanse [[Ministè Jezi|ministè piblik li]]. Li te yon [[Metèd vwayajè|metèd ekòl vwayajè]] ke disip li yo te kwè li te gen otorite divin pou entèprete [[Halakha|lalwa jwif la]]. Jezi souvan te diskite ak lòt jwif, pi souvan [[Farizyen|farizyen]] ak [[Sadiseyen|sadiseyen]], sou pi bon fason pou swiv [[Bondye nan jidayis|Bondye]]; li te fè gerizon; li te anseye nan [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]]; epi li te rasanble disip, 12 nan yo li te chwazi kòm [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li. Dapre istwa Nouvo Testaman yo, Jezi te arete nan [[Jerizalèm]] epi [[Jijman Jezi devan Sanedren an|jije]] pa [[Sanedren|Sanedren an]];{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=11}} apre sa yo te lanse l bay otorite women yo, epi li te [[Krisifiksyon Jezi|krisifye]] sou lòd [[Ponsyis Pilat]], prefè women [[Jide (pwovens women)|Jide]]. Nan [[Teyoloji kretyen|teyoloji kretyen]], [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|Rezirèksyon]] se evènman kote Jezi te leve soti vivan nan [[Lanmò|lanmò]], twa jou apre lanmò li, epi kwayans sa a te vin fondasyon [[Krisyanis primitif|Legliz kretyen primitif la]], ki te elaji nan yon [[Gaye Krisyanis|mouvman mondyal]].{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=11, 14}} Teyoloji kretyen gen ladan l kwayans ke Jezi te konsevwa pa [[Sentespri nan Krisyanis|Sentespri]], te [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|fèt nan yon vyèj]] ki rele [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], te fè [[Mirak Jezi|mirak]], te fonde [[Legliz kretyen|Legliz kretyen an]], te mouri sou kwa kòm yon sakrifis pou [[Ekspiyasyon nan Krisyanis|ekspiyasyon peche]], te leve soti vivan pa Bondye Papa a, epi te [[Asansyon Jezi|monte]] nan [[Syèl nan Krisyanis|Syèl la]], kote li pral retounen. Kretyen jeneralman kwè Jezi pèmèt moun [[Bondye nan Krisyanis|rekonsilye ak Bondye]]. [[Kredo Nise|Kredo Nise a]] afime Jezi pral [[Dènye Jijman|jije vivan yo ak mò yo]], swa [[Eta entèmedyè (Krisyanis)|anvan]] swa [[Mòtalis kretyen|apre]] [[Rezirèksyon mò yo#Krisyanis|rezirèksyon kò yo]], yon evènman ki asosye ak [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi|Dezyèm Vini Jezi a]] nan [[Eskatoloji kretyen|eskatoloji kretyen]]. Anpil branch kretyen konsidere Jezi kòm enkanasyon Bondye Pitit la, dezyèm nan twa [[prosopon|pèsòn]] [[Trinite|Trinite a]].{{efn|Yon ti minorite nan konfesyon kretyen rejte trinitarism, nèt oswa an pati, kòm ki pa nan Ekriti yo.}} [[Nesans Jezi]] nan vil [[Jide|jide]] [[Betleyèm]] nan selebre chak ane, jeneralman nan 25 desanm,{{efn|Pifò kretyen ak [[Alawit|alawit]] selebre Nwèl. Yon pati nan [[Krisyanis oryantal|legliz kretyen oryantal]] yo selebre Nwèl nan 25 desanm [[Kalandriye jilyen|kalandriye jilyen]], ki kounye a koresponn ak 7 janvye nan [[Kalandriye gregoryen|kalandriye gregoryen]]. Selebrasyon Nwèl yo kòmanse nan [[Veyè Nwèl]], jeneralman 24 desanm.}} kòm [[Nwèl]]. [[Krisifiksyon]] li komemore nan [[Vandredi Sen]] epi rezirèksyon li nan [[Dimanch Pak]]. [[Epòk kalandriye]] ki pi lajman itilize nan mond lan—kote ane aktyèl la se [[Anno Domini|AD]] {{CURRENTYEAR}} (oswa {{CURRENTYEAR}} [[Epòk komen|CE]])—tradisyonèlman baze sou [[Dat nesans Jezi|dat apwoksimatif nesans Jezi]].<ref>{{cite dictionary |year=2003 |title=anno Domini |dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Anno%20Domini |access-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222112520/http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/anno%20domini |archive-date=22 December 2007 |quote=Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of our Lord |url-status=live}}.</ref> [[Opinyon jwif sou Jezi|Jidayis dominan an rejte]] kwayans ke Jezi te mesi yo t ap tann nan, e li di li pat akonpli [[Mesi nan jidayis|pwofesi mesyanik yo]], li pat [[Onksyone|onksyone]] nan fòm lalwa, epi li pat ni divin ni resisite. Kontrèman, [[Jezi nan Islam]]{{efn|Souvan yo rele l pa non koranik li, {{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[Isa (non)|ʿĪsā]]}}}} konsidere kòm [[Mesi#Islam|mesi a]] ak yon [[Pwofèt ak mesaje nan Islam|pwofèt]] [[Bondye nan Islam|Bondye]], ki te voye bay [[Izrayelit|Izrayelit yo]] epi ki [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi#Islam|pral retounen sou Latè]] anvan [[Jou Jijman nan Islam|Jou Jijman an]]. [[Mizilman]] kwè Jezi te fèt nan vyèj [[Mari nan Islam|Mari]] men li pat ni Bondye ni pitit Bondye. Pifò Mizilman [[Opinyon islamik sou lanmò Jezi|pa kwè yo te touye l oswa krisifye l]], men Bondye [[Antre nan syèl vivan|te leve l nan Syèl la pandan li te toujou vivan]].{{efn|Gen kèk Mizilman nan Mwayennaj ki te kwè Jezi te krisifye, kon manm mouvman modèn Ahmadiyya a; gade {{slink||Islamic perspectives}}.}} Jezi tou venere nan [[Lafwa Bahayi]] ak [[Relijyon dwouz|relijyon dwouz]], ansanm ak nan [[Rastafari]]. {{TOC limit|3}} == Non == {{Further|Jezi (non)|Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|Non sen Jezi|Non Bondye nan Krisyanis}} [[File:JesusYeshua2.svg|thumb|Soti anwo agòch: transkripsyon [[Arameyen|arameyen]], [[Lang ebre|ebre]], [[Lang grèk|grèk]], [[Laten|laten]] ak angle non ''Jezi'']] Yon jwif nan tan Jezi souvan [[Non jwif|te gen yon sèl non]], pafwa swivi pa yon fraz [[Patwonim|patwonimik]] ki gen fòm "pitit [non papa a]", oswa pa vil kote li soti a.<ref name="Britannica" /> Konsa, nan Nouvo Testaman an, souvan yo refere a Jezi kòm "Jezi [[Nazarèt]]".{{efn|Atik sa a itilize sitasyon ki soti nan [[Nouvo Vèsyon Revize Estanda]] Bib la.}} Vwazen Jezi yo nan Nazarèt te rele l "bòs bòs la, pitit [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]] ak frè [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jak jenn nan|Jozès]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]", "pitit bòs bòs la", oswa "pitit [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]]"; nan [[Evanjil Jan|Evanjil Jan an]], disip [[Filip apot la|Filip]] rele l "Jezi pitit Jozèf, moun Nazarèt".<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:45}}</ref> Non ''Jezi'' se transliterasyon angle, atravè laten ''Iesus'', de {{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, ki se vèsyon grèk non ebre יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ ''Yehoshua'' (Yehōšuᵃʿ).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Greek: 2424. Ἰησοῦς (Iésous) -- Jesus |url=https://biblehub.com/greek/2424.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The Greek name corresponds to the Hebrew "Joshua."''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1">{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The name Jesus, in Greek, answers to Joshua, or rather, Jehoshuah, in Hebrew, which signifies Jehovah shall save;'' […] ''It was not without reason that the successor of Moses was called by this name; for, by subduing the Canaanites, and putting the tribes of Israel in possession of the promised land, he showed himself to be, under God, the Saviour of his people. But this name agrees much better to our Jesus, who both delivers his followers from much more dangerous enemies, and divides unto them a much more glorious inheritance.''}}</ref> Non ebre/[[Arameyen|arameyen]] sa a te komen nan mitan jwif [[Jide|jide]] yo nan epòk nesans Jezi,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Barnes' Notes |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''It was a very common name among the Jews.''}}</ref> byenke nan peryòd sa a li te deja rakousi an יֵשׁוּעַ ''[[Yeshua]]'' (Yešūᵃʿ);<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3442. יֵשׁ֫וּעַ (Yeshua) -- Yeshua, Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3442.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûaʿ) is the late, shortened spelling of the earlier name יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (Yehōšûaʿ, "Joshua").}}</ref> kontraksyon an te deja fèt nan liv biblik ki pi ta tankou [[Liv Neyemi|Neyemi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=H3442 - yēšûaʿ - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) |url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/gen/1/1/s_1001 |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=Blue Letter Bible |quote=''Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon: יֵשׁוּעַ [Jeshua] a contracted form of the proper name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ used in the later Hebrew ... proper name of other men, mentioned in the books of Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah''}}</ref> kote yo rele [[Jozye]] ''Yeshua''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehemiah 8:17 Hebrew Interlinear: ... for the sons of Israel had not done, from the days of '''Jeshua [יֵשׁוּעַ, Yeshua] son of Nun''' ... |url=https://biblehub.com/interlinear/nehemiah/8-17.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> Non an vle di "[[Tetragram|Bondye]] sove" an ebre, literalman "[[Yawe]] sove",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3091. יְהוֹשׁ֫וּעַ (Yehoshua) -- Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Both Joshua son of Nun and Jesus of Nazareth bear the name "Yahweh saves"''}}</ref> soti nan [[Rasin semitik|rasin]] ישׁע (''y-š-ʿ,'' 'sove') ak non יְשׁוּעָה (''yeshuah'', 'sali'). [[Evanjil Matye|Evanjil Matye a]] afime siyifikasyon etimolojik non Jezi a klèman nan pwofesi zanj lan bay Jozèf sou nesans li: "w ap rele l Jezi (Ἰησοῦς), paske l ap sove pèp li a anba peche yo".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:21}}.</ref> Chèchè yo bay enpòtans teyolojik a lefèt ke siksesè [[Moyiz]], [[Jozye]], pote menm non ak Jezi nan grèk, ebre ak arameyen orijinal yo, paske souvan yo fè yon paralèl ant de lidè yo ak etimoloji non yo pataje a ('sove'): Jozye mennen jwif yo nan [[Peyi Pwomiz la]], pandan nan Kretyen Jezi konprann kòm moun ki sove jwif ak [[Payen|payen]] anba peche yo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Matthew Poole's Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua had his name from the same word, because he was to be a temporal saviour to save the Jews, the whole body of the Jews, from the Canaanites their enemies. This Jesus was to save his people, all that should believe in his name, whether Jews or Gentiles, from their sins.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Vincent's Word Studies |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/vws/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Under Joshua the enemies of Israel were conquered, and the people established in the Promised Land. So Jesus leads his people in the fight with sin and temptation.''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua who led the Israelites into the Promised Land, and Joshua or Jeshua, who was high priest at the time of the return from the Babylonish Captivity, are types of Jesus Christ in respect both of work and name.''}}</ref> === Jezikri === {{Further|Kris (tit)}} Depi 1ye syèk la, kretyen yo souvan refere a Jezi kòm "Jezikri".{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=212}} Mo [[Kris (tit)|''Kris'']] la pa yon non bay men se te orijinèlman yon [[Twa fonksyon Kris la|tit oswa yon biwo]] ("Kris la"), ki vle di "[[Mesi|Mesi a]]".{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=30–31}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Theology of the New Testament |first=Rudolf K. |last=Bultmann |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-932792-93-5 |page=80 |publisher=Baylor University Press}}</ref> Tèm nan soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|[[wikt:Χριστός|Χριστός]]}} ({{tlit|grc|Christos}}),<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle= Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ |first=Anthony J. |last= Maas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Heil |first=John P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |title=Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-58983-482-8 |page=66 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173832/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> yon [[Kalk|kalk]] mo ebre {{lang|he|[[wikt:מָשִׁיחַ|משיח]]}} {{tlit|he|[[Mesi nan jidayis|mashiakh]]}} (Mašiᵃḥ), ki transliterasyone an angle kòm ''messiah''.{{sfn|Vine|1940|pp=274–275}} Tèm ebre a vle di "[[Onksyone|onksyone]]", soti nan vèb מָשַׁח (''mashaḥ''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 4886. מָשַׁח (mashach)|url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4886.htm|access-date=21 January 2026|website=biblehub.com|quote=Lexical summary: "to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint"}}</ref> Nan jidayis biblik la, [[Lwil onksyon sakre|lwil sakre]] te itilize pou onksyone kèk moun ak objè eksepsyonèlman sakre kòm yon pati nan envestitir relijyez yo.<ref>Gade [[Levitik]] 8:10–12 ak [[Egzòd 30]]:29.</ref> Nan [[Septant|Septant la]], yo te tradui mo ebre a an grèk kòm χριστός (''christos''), ki vle di "onksyone",<ref>{{Cite web |title=χριστός Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χριστός&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=of persons, anointed}}</ref> soti nan vèb χρίω (''chrio''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=χρίω Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χρίω&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=Autenrieth: smear with oil, anoint, LSJ: rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil}}</ref> Premye kretyen yo te nonmen Jezi "Kris la" paske yo te kwè li se Mesi a ("moun ki onksyone a") ki te [[Jezi ak pwofesi mesyanik|pwofetize]] nan [[Bib ebre a]] (Ansyen Testaman an). Nan itilizasyon apre epòk biblik la, ''Kris'' te vin wè kòm yon non—yon pati nan "Jezikri". Tèm ''[[Kretyen|kretyen]]'', ki vle di yon disip Kris, ap itilize depi 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA142 142]}} == Lavi ak ansèyman nan Nouvo Testaman an == {{Main|Lavi Jezi}} {{Further|Kote Nouvo Testaman asosye ak Jezi}} {{Gospel Jesus|state=collapsed}} === Levanjil kanonik yo === {{Main|Levanjil|Amoni levanjil yo|Fyabilite istorik levanjil yo}} [[File:Dublin, Chester Beatty Ms Papyrus 45 BP I ff.13-14 Luke 11.50-12.12; 12.18-37; 12.42-13.1; 13.jpg|alt=Yon manyiskri papirus kat paj, ki chire an plizyè kote|thumb|Yon [[Papirus|papirus]] grèk 3yèm syèk [[Levanjil Lik|Levanjil Lik la]]]] Kat [[Levanjil kanonik|levanjil kanonik]] yo ([[Levanjil Matye|Matye]], [[Levanjil Mak|Mak]], [[Levanjil Lik|Lik]] ak [[Levanjil Jan|Jan]]) se sous prensipal pou lavi ak mesaj Jezi.<ref name="Britannica" /> Lòt pati nan Nouvo Testaman an gen ladan yo tou referans a gwo epizòd nan lavi li, tankou [[Dènye Soupe a]] nan [[1 Korentyen 11]]:23–26.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|11:23–26|9}}.</ref>{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=441–442}}<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}} [[Travay Apot yo]]<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|10:37–38|9}} and {{bibleverse|Acts|19:4|9}}.</ref> fè referans a premye ministè Jezi ak fason [[Jan Batis]] te anonse l davans.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Book of the Acts|series=New International Commentary on the New Testament|first=Frederick F. |last=Bruce |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-2505-6 |page=362 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref>{{sfn|Rausch|2003|p=77}}{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} Travay 1:1–11<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|1:1–11|9}}.</ref> bay plis detay sou [[Asansyon Jezi]]<ref>also mentioned in {{bibleverse|1 Timothy|3:16}}.</ref> pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}} Nan [[Lèt pòl yo#Otantisite|lèt pòl yo ki pa diskite]], ki te ekri anvan levanjil yo, yo site plizyè fwa pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians 7:10–11, 9:14, 11:23–25|multi=yes}}, {{bibleverse|2 Corinthians|12:9}}.</ref>{{efn|Powell ekri: "[Pòl] site pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi nan kèk kote,<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Cor. 7:10–11; 9:14; 11:23–25|multi=yes}}; {{bibleverse|2 Cor.|12:9}}; cf. {{bibleverse|Acts|20:35}}</ref> men nan pifò ka li montre ti enterè pou detay lavi ak ministè Jezi sou tè a."<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Mark A. |title=Introducing the New Testament |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe |url-access=limited |date=2009 |publisher=Baker |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe/page/248 248] |isbn=978-0-8010-2868-7}}</ref>}} Gen kèk gwoup [[Premye kretyen|kretyen primitif]] ki te gen deskripsyon separe sou lavi ak ansèyman Jezi ki pa nan Nouvo Testaman an. Ladan yo gen [[Levanjil Toma]], [[Levanjil Pyè]], [[Levanjil Jida]], [[Apokrif Jak]], ak [[Apokrif Nouvo Testaman|anpil lòt ekri apokrif]]. Pifò chèchè konkli tèks sa yo te ekri pi ta epi yo mwens fyab sou plan istorik pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Brown|1997|pp=835–840}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=C. A. |title=Exploring the Origins of the Bible |date=2008 |publisher=Baker |page=154}}</ref>{{sfn|Keener|2009|p=56}} ==== Otè, dat ak fyabilite ==== Levanjil kanonik yo se kat istwa, chak youn atribiye a yon otè diferan. Jeneralman yo konsidere otè levanjil yo kòm psedonim, e tradisyon atribiye yo a [[Kat evanjelis yo|kat evanjelis yo]], chak asosye ak Jezi oswa ak disip pwòch li yo:{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} Mak a [[Jan Mak]], yon asosye [[Sen Pyè|Pyè]];<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> [[Matye apot la|Matye]] a youn nan [[Disip (Krisyanis)|disip]] Jezi yo;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} [[Lik evanjelis la|Lik]] a yon konpayon [[Pòl apot la|Pòl]] ki mansyone nan kèk lèt;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} epi Jan a yon lòt disip Jezi,{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} "[[Disip byenneme a|disip byenneme a]]".{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, St.}} Dapre [[Priyorite markyèn|priyorite markyèn nan]], premye levanjil ki te ekri a se [[Levanjil Mak]] (ane 60–75 apre Jezikri), swivi pa Levanjil Matye (65–85), Levanjil Lik (65–95), ak Levanjil Jan (75–100).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |title=Can We Trust the Gospels?: Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |publisher=Crossway |year=2007 |page=58 |isbn=978-1-4335-1978-9 |first=Mark D. |last=Roberts |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907174109/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pifò chèchè dakò otè Matye ak Lik te itilize Mak kòm sous pou levanjil yo. Kòm Matye ak Lik pataje tou kèk kontni ki pa nan Mak, anpil chèchè konkli yo te itilize yon [[Sous Q|sous Q]] ipotetik anplis Mak, pandan yon kantite k ap grandi sipòte [[Ipotèz Farrer|ipotèz Farrer]] oswa [[Ipotèz posteryorite matyèn|Posteryorite matyèn nan]], kote Matye ak Lik te itilize youn lòt dirèkteman.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Runesson|first=Anders|title=Jesus, New Testament, Christian Origins|date=2021|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=9780802868923}}</ref><ref name="TSP20222">{{Cite book |title=The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference|publisher=Peeters Pub and Booksellers|year=2023|isbn=9789042950344|pages=5|editor-first1=Olegs|editor-last1=Andrejevs|editor-first2=Simon J. |editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first3=‎Edmondo|editor-last3=Lupieri|editor-first4=Joseph|editor-last4=Verhayden}}</ref>{{sfn|Licona|2010|pp=210–221}} Lik ak Matye trete sous yo yon fason ki pi konsèvatè pase lòt istoryen ansyen tankou [[Diodò Sisil]], byenke paralèl ak varyasyon levanjil sinoptik yo se kalite ki tipik nan byografi istorik ansyen.<ref name="Kloppenborg 49–79">{{Cite journal |last=Kloppenborg|first=John|title=Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?|journal=Ephemerides Theologicae Lovaniensis|volume=83|issue=1|pages=49–79}}</ref><ref name="Licona 2016 XIII-XIV">{{Cite book |last=Licona |first=Mike |title=Why are there Differences in the Gospels? What we can Learn from Ancient Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0190264260 |pages=XIII-XIV}}</ref> Yon aspè enpòtan nan etid levanjil yo se [[Jan literè|jan literè]] kote yo klase.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Burridge|first1=R. A. |year=2006|chapter=Gospels|editor-first1=J. W. |editor-last1=Rogerson|editor-first2=Judith M. |editor-last2=Lieu|title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=433}}</ref> Si otè levanjil yo te vle ekri woman, mit, istwa oswa byografi, sa gen yon gwo enpak sou fason pou entèprete zèv yo.<ref>Talbert, C. H. (1977). ''What is a Gospel? The Genre of the Canonical Gospels''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Fortress Press.</ref><ref>Wills, L. M. (1997). ''The Quest of the Historical Gospel: Mark, John and the Origins of the Gospel Genre''. London: Routledge. p. 10.</ref><ref>Burridge, R. A. (2004). ''What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography''. revised updated edn. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.</ref> Byenke li pa san kritik,<ref>e.g. Vines, M. E. (2002). ''The Problem of the Markan Genre: The Gospel of Mark and the Jewish Novel''. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 161–162.</ref> opinyon ki di levanjil yo se yon kalite byografi ansyen reprezante konsansis chèchè jodi a.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stanton |first=Graham N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |title=Jesus and Gospel |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-00802-0 |page=192 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005236/https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogerson |first1=J. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies |last2=Lieu |first2=Judith M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-925425-5 |page=437 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225204746/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |archive-date=25 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Konsènan egzaktitid istwa yo, opinyon yo varye depi sa ki konsidere yo kòm deskripsyon [[Inerans biblik|san erè]] lavi Jezi,{{sfn|Grudem|1994|pp=90–91}} rive sa ki dwe sou fyabilite istorik yo sou divès pwen,{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}} jiska sa ki konsidere yo kòm bay trè piti enfòmasyon istorik sou lavi li apa de baz yo.{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=117–125}}{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|pp=22–23}} ==== Estrikti ak kontni konparatif ==== {{Christianity sidebar}} Matye, Mak ak Lik rele levanjil sinoptik yo, soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|σύν}} ({{tlit|grc|syn}}, 'ansanm') ak {{lang|grc|ὄψις}} ({{tlit|grc|opsis}}, 'vizyon'),<ref name="Haffner-2008" /><ref name="Scroggie-1995" /><ref>{{OED|synoptic}}</ref> paske yo sanble nan kontni, aranjman naratif, lang ak estrikti paragraf, epi yo ka mete youn akote lòt fasilman pou konparezon sinoptik.<ref name="Haffner-2008">{{cite book |title=New Testament Theology |first=Paul |last=Haffner |year=2008 |isbn=978-88-902268-0-9 |page=135 |publisher=Gracewing}}</ref><ref name="Scroggie-1995">{{cite book |title=A Guide to the Gospels |first=W. Graham |last=Scroggie |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8254-9571-7 |page=128 |publisher=[[Kregel Publications]]}}</ref><ref>{{Britannica URL |title=Synoptic Gospels |url=topic/Synoptic-Gospels}}</ref> Chèchè yo jeneralman dakò li enposib jwenn yon relasyon literè dirèk ant levanjil sinoptik yo ak Levanjil Jan an.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel of John |first1=Francis J. |last1=Moloney |first2=Daniel J. |last2=Harrington |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8146-5806-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3 3] |publisher=Liturgical Press |url=https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3}}</ref> Anpil evènman—tankou batèm Jezi, krisifiksyon l ak relasyon l ak [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li yo—parèt nan levanjil sinoptik yo, men ensidan tankou [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|transfigirasyon an]] ak [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]] Jezi{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}} pa parèt nan Jan, ki diferan tou sou lòt pwen, tankou [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|netwayaj Tanp lan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ladd |first=George E. |title=A Theology of the New Testament |year=1993 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-0680-2 |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907103156/https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil sinoptik yo mete aksan sou diferan aspè Jezi. Nan Mak, Jezi se [[Pitit Bondye (Krisyanis)|Pitit Bondye]] ki gen zèv pwisan yo montre prezans [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Yo prezante l kòm yon moun k ap fè mirak san repo ak sèvitè Bondye kou lèzòm.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Thompson|editor-first1=Frank Charles|title=The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible|publisher=Kirk Bride Bible Company & Zondervan Bible Publishers|year=1983|pages= 1563–1564}}</ref> Kout levanjil sa a anrejistre relativman kèk pawòl oswa gwo ansèyman Jezi.<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Levanjil Matye a mete aksan sou lefèt Jezi se akonplisman volonte Bondye jan yo revele l nan Ansyen Testaman an ak Senyè Legliz la.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Matthew|pages=1171–1212}}</ref> Yo prezante l kòm "[[Liyaj davidik|Pitit David]]", yon "wa", ak Mesi a.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" />{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=4–6}} Lik prezante Jezi kòm sovè diven-imen ki montre konpasyon pou moun nan nesesite.<ref name="May Metzger Luke">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Luke|pages=1240–1285}}</ref> Yo montre l kòm zanmi moun k ap fè peche ak moun yo rejte, ki te vini chèche ak sove moun ki pèdi yo.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Levanjil sa a gen ladan l parabòl byen konnen, tankou [[Bon Samariten an]] ak [[Pitit pèdi a|Pitit Pèdi a]].<ref name="May Metzger Luke" /> [[Pwològ Levanjil Jan an]] idantifye Jezi kòm yon enkanasyon Pawòl divin lan ([[Logos (Krisyanis)|Logos]]).<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=John|pages=1286–1318}}</ref> Kòm Pawòl la, yo dekri Jezi kòm etènèlman prezan avèk Bondye, aktif nan tout kreyasyon an, ak sous nati moral ak espirityèl limanite.<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn" /> Nan levanjil sa a, yo prezante Jezi kòm pa sèlman pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt imen nan tan pase, men pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt ki ka egziste: li pa sèlman pale Pawòl Bondye; li se Pawòl Bondye.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi revele wòl divin li piblikman epi yo dekri l kòm [[Pen lavi a]], [[Limyè mond lan]], [[Vrè Pye Rezen an]], ak plis ankò.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Otè Nouvo Testaman an jeneralman te montre ti enterè pou etabli yon [[Kwonoloji Jezi|kwonoloji]] absoli lavi Jezi oswa pou senkwonize epizòd lavi li ak istwa laïk epòk la.{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}} Jan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#21:25|Jan 21:25]] di l, levanjil yo pa pretann bay yon lis konplè evènman nan lavi Jezi.<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Collins |first=Gerald |title=Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-955787-5 |pages=1–3}}</ref> Yo te ekri istwa yo sitou kòm dokiman teyolojik nan kontèks [[Krisyanis primitif|kretyen primitif]], ak kwonoloji kòm yon konsiderasyon segondè.<ref name="Wiarda75">{{cite book |title=Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology |first=Timothy |last=Wiarda |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8054-4843-6 |pages=75–78 |publisher=B&H}}</ref> Levanjil yo konsakre apeprè yon tyè nan tèks yo a dènye semèn lavi Jezi nan [[Jerizalèm]], ke yo rele [[Pasyon (Krisyanis)|Pasyon an]].<ref name="Turner613">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=David L. |last=Turner |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8010-2684-3 |page=613 |publisher=Baker}}</ref> Yo pa bay ase detay pou satisfè egzijans istoryen modèn yo konsènan dat egzak, men li posib pou tire yon imaj jeneral istwa lavi Jezi nan yo.{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}}{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}}<ref name="Wiarda75" /> === Jenealoji ak nesans === {{Main|Jenealoji Jezi|Nativite Jezi}} Jezi te jwif,{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} li te fèt nan [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], madanm [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]].<ref>[[Matye 1]]; [[Lik 2]].</ref> Levanjil Matye ak Lik ofri de istwa diferan sou [[Jenealoji|jenealoji]] li. Matye trase zansèt Jezi jiska [[Abraram]] pa [[David]],<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:1–16}}.</ref>{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=80–91}} pandan Lik trase zansèt Jezi pa [[Adan]] jiska Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–38}}.</ref>{{sfn|Brown|1978|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC&pg=PA163 163]}} Lis yo idantik ant Abraram ak David men yo diferan anpil apati pwen sa a; Matye gen 27 jenerasyon ant David ak Jozèf, pandan Lik gen 42, ak prèske pa gen okenn non ki parèt nan de lis yo.{{efn|Konpare {{bibleverse|Matthew|1:6–16|NIV}} ak {{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–31|NIV}}. Gade tou {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Konparezon de jenealoji yo}}.}}<ref>{{cite book |last=France |first=R. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |title=The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8028-0063-3 |page=72 |author-link=R. T. France |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229004519/https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live}} "From David the two lists diverge, as Matthew follows the line of succession to the throne of Judah from Solomon, whereas Luke's list goes through Nathan, ... and converges with Matthew's only for the two names of Shealtiel and Zerubabbel until Joseph is reached."</ref> Yo pwopoze divès teyori pou eksplike poukisa de jenealoji yo tèlman diferan.{{efn|Pou yon apèsi sou teyori sa yo, gade {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Eksplikasyon pou divèjans lan}}.}} [[File:Gerard van Honthorst - Adoration of the Shepherds (1622).jpg|thumb|left|''Adorasyon bèje yo'' pa [[Gerard van Honthorst]], 1622|alt=Yon sèn nesans; gason ak bèt antoure Mari ak Jezi k ap fèk fèt, ki kouvri ak limyè]] Tou de Matye ak Lik dekri nesans Jezi, sitou ke li te fèt nan yon vyèj ki rele Mari nan [[Betleyèm]] pou akonpli [[Pwofesi|pwofesi]]. Istwa Lik la mete aksan sou evènman anvan [[Nesans Jezi|nesans Jezi]] epi li santre sou Mari, pandan istwa Matye a kouvri pi plis evènman apre nesans lan epi li santre sou Jozèf.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=556}}<ref name="marsh37">{{cite book |title=Jesus and the Gospels |last=Marsh |first=Clive |author-last2=Moyise|author-first2= Steve |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-567-04073-2 |page=37 |publisher=Clark International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907095218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Morris|1992|page=26}} Tou de istwa deklare Mari te fiyanse ak yon nonm ki rele Jozèf, ki te desandan Wa David epi ki pat papa byolojik Jezi, epi tou de sipòte doktrin [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|nesans vyèj Jezi a]], dapre sa Jezi te konsevwa nan yon fason mirakilè pa [[Sentespri]] nan vant Mari lè li te toujou vyèj.<ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=David L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |title=A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-85244-224-1 |pages=538–540 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=30–37}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-26036-7 |pages=96–100 |publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> An menm tan, gen prèv, omwen nan ''Travay Apot yo'' Lik la, ke yo te panse Jezi te gen, tankou anpil figi nan ansyènte, yon doub patènite, paske la yo di li desandan nan semans oswa nan rèl David.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lincoln |first=Andrew T. |date=2013 |title=Luke and Jesus' Conception: A Case of Double Paternity? |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=639–658 |jstor=23487891 |issn=0021-9231}}</ref> Lè Jozèf [[Adopsyon nan jidayis|pran Jezi kòm pwòp pitit li]], yo konprann li ba li desandans davidik ki nesesè a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |last1=Lincoln|first1=Andrew T. |title=Conceiving Jesus: re-examining Jesus' conception in canon, Christology, and creed|publisher=The Severn Forum|date=5 March 2015|page= 4 |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=10 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510100248/http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk chèchè ki sigjere Jezi te gen eritaj [[Levit|levit]] nan bò Mari, dapre relasyon san li ak [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]].<ref>For example, {{citation |title=Carmen 18}}</ref> [[File:Bellini-circumcision-NG1455-fm.jpg|thumb|alt=74.9 × 102.2&nbsp;cm|''Sikonsizyon'' pa [[Giovanni Bellini]], {{circa|1500|lk=no}}. Tablo a dekri [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsizyon Jezi]].]] Nan Matye, Jozèf boulvèse paske Mari, fiyanse li, [[Gwosès|ansent]],<ref>[[Matye 1:19]]–[[Matye 1:20|20]].</ref> men nan premye [[Rèv Sen Jozèf|kat rèv Jozèf]], yon zanj asire l pou l pa pè pran Mari kòm madanm li paske pitit li a te konsevwa pa Sentespri.<ref name="Talbert">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=Charles H. |last=Talbert |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8010-3192-2 |publisher=Baker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |pages=29–30 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan [[Matye 2:1]]–[[Matye 2:12|12]], [[Mag biblik yo|saj]] oswa [[Mag]] ki soti nan [[Oryan]] pote kado bay jenn Jezi kòm [[Jezi, Wa jwif yo|Wa jwif yo]]. Yo jwenn li nan yon kay Betleyèm. [[Ewòd Gran]] tande pale de nesans Jezi epi, tankou li te vle touye l, [[Masak inosan yo|bay lòd pou touye tout ti gason]] nan Betleyèm ak anviwon li. Men, yon zanj avèti Jozèf nan dezyèm rèv li, epi fanmi an [[Sove ale an Ejip|sove ale an Ejip]], answit li retounen epi li etabli nan Nazarèt.<ref name="Talbert" />{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Schnackenburg |first=Rudolf |title=The Gospel of Matthew |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8028-4438-5 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |pages=9–11 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052207/https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Lik 1:31–38, Mari aprann nan men zanj [[Gabriyèl]] ke l ap konsevwa epi bay nesans a yon pitit ki rele Jezi atravè aksyon Sentespri.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> Lè Mari prèt pou akouche, li menm ak Jozèf vwayaje soti nan Nazarèt pou ale nan vil zansèt Jozèf, Betleyèm, pou anrejistre nan resansman [[Sezar Ogis]] te bay lòd fè a. Pandan yo la, Mari bay Jezi nesans, epi kòm yo pa jwenn plas nan oberj la, li mete ti bebe a nan yon [[Manje bèt|manje bèt]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:1–7}}.</ref> Yon [[Anons bay bèje yo|zanj anonse nesans lan bay yon gwoup bèje]], ki ale Betleyèm pou wè Jezi epi answit gaye nouvèl la toupatou.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:8–20}}.</ref> Lik 2:21 rakonte kijan Jozèf ak Mari [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsi ti bebe a nan wityèm jou apre nesans]] epi bay li non Jezi, jan Gabriyèl te kòmande Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:21}}.</ref> Apre [[Prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan|prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan]], Jozèf, Mari ak Jezi retounen Nazarèt.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> === Premye ane, fanmi ak pwofesyon === [[File:William Holman Hunt - The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''[[Jwenn Sovè a nan Tanp lan]]'' pa [[William Holman Hunt]], 1860|alt=Mari ak Jozèf jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan]] Levanjil Lik ak Matye idantifye Nazarèt, yon vil nan [[Galile]] ki nan [[Izrayèl]] jodi a, kòm kay anfans Jezi, kote li te viv ak fanmi li. Byenke Jozèf parèt nan deskripsyon anfans Jezi, pa gen okenn mansyon sou li apre sa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Perrotta |first=Louise B. |title=Saint Joseph: His Life and His Role in the Church Today |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87973-573-9 |pages=21, 110–112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Reverend Archdeacon Kinane |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138 |title=Saint Joseph: His Life, His Virtues, His Privileges, His Power |page=138 |chapter=Section VI – The perpetual virginity of St. Joseph |publisher=Aeterna Press|access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230526/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Lòt manm fanmi li yo, gen ladan yo manman l Mari; [[Frè Jezi yo|kat frè li yo]], [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jezi|Jozès (oswa Jozèf)]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]; ak sè li yo ki pa gen non, mansyone nan Levanjil yo ak lòt sous.<ref>{{cite book |title=Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth |last=Aslan |first=Reza |author-link=Reza Aslan |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |page=[https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756 36] |isbn=978-1-4000-6922-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756}}</ref> Yo rele grann ak granpapa Jezi nan bò manman l [[Jowakim]] ak [[Sen Ann|Ann]] nan [[Levanjil Jak|Levanjil Jak la]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim |page=194 |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-134-50949-2 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230540/https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim#v=snippet&q=joachim&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Lik la anrejistre ke Mari te fanmi [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]], manman Jan Batis.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Luke|1:5, 36|KJV}}.</ref> Gen kèk sous ekstrabiblik kontanporen ki konsidere Jezi ak Jan Batis kòm kouzen jèmen, sou baz kwayans Elizabèt te pitit fi [[Sobe (sè Sen Ann)|Sobe]], sè Ann.<ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 97.1325.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 120.189.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 145.760 ([[Nicephorus Callistus|Nicéphore Callistus]], ''Historia ecclesiastica'', 2.3).</ref> Levanjil Mak rapòte ke nan kòmansman [[Ministè Jezi|ministè li]], Jezi antre an konfli ak vwazen ak fanmi li.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Manman l ak frè l yo vin chèche l<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:31–35}}.</ref> paske moun ap di [[Sante mantal Jezi|li pèdi tèt li]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:21}}.</ref> Jezi reponn ke disip li yo se vre fanmi li. Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi ak manman l ale nan yon [[Nòs Kana|nòs Kana]], kote li fè premye mirak li sou demann li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:1–11}}.</ref> Pita, li prezan nan krisifiksyon li, epi li eksprime enkyetid pou byennèt li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|19:25–27}}.</ref> Yo rele Jezi yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} ({{tlit|grc|[[tektōn]]}}) nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#6:3|Mak 6:3]], yon tèm ke yo tradisyonèlman konprann kòm "bòs bòs" men ki ka refere tou a moun ki fabrike objè nan divès materyo, ladan yo konstriktè.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry G. |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |title=An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon: The Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek–English Lexicon |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1889 |page=797}}</ref>{{sfn|Dickson|2008|pp=68–69}} Kòm tèm nan gen yon gwo laj siyifikasyon ak "reyalite sosyo-istorik yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} nazarèn komen", Matthew K. Robinson, yon minis ak akademisyen, prefere tradui {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} kòm 'konstriktè-atizan'.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Matthew K. |title="Is This Not the Τέκτων?": Revisiting Jesus's Vocation in Mark 6:3 |journal=Neotestamentica |date=2021 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=431–445 |doi=10.1353/neo.2021.0038}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Robinson |url=https://www.theology.ox.ac.uk/people/matthew-robinson |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> Levanjil yo endike Jezi te kapab li, parafraze ak diskite Ekriti yo, men sa pa nesesèman vle di li te resevwa yon fòmasyon fòmèl kòm eskrib.<ref>{{Atik ansiklopedik|year=2001 |title=Context, family and formation |encyclopedia=Cambridge companion to Jesus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |access-date=14 August 2015 |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |editor-last=Bockmuehl |editor-first=Markus N. A. |pages=14, 21 |isbn=978-0-521-79678-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907175830/https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live|doi=10.1017/CCOL0521792614.002}}</ref> Levanjil Lik rapòte de vwayaj Jezi ak paran li nan Jerizalèm pandan anfans li. Yo vin nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] pou [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezantasyon Jezi]] kòm ti bebe an akò ak lalwa jwif la, kote yon nonm ki rele [[Simeyon (Levanjil Lik)|Simeyon]] fè yon pwofesi sou Jezi ak Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:22–35}}.</ref> Lè Jezi, a laj douz an, pèdi nan yon pèlerinaj Jerizalèm pou [[Pak jwif|Pak jwif la]], paran li jwenn li nan [[Jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan|Tanp lan]] chita nan mitan metèd yo, k ap koute yo epi poze kesyon, epi moun yo sezi pou entèlijans li ak repons li yo. Mari repwoche Jezi paske li te pèdi, epi Jezi reponn li dwe "nan kay Papa l".<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:41–52}}.</ref> === Batèm ak tantasyon === {{Main|Batèm Jezi|Tantasyon Kris}} [[File:El bautismo de Jesús, por José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Batèm Jezi|Batèm Kris]] pa [[Jan Batis]]'', pa [[Almeida Júnior]], 1895|alt=Jan batize Jezi. Sentespri a, an fòm yon toutrèl, anwo l.]] [[Levanjil sinoptik yo]] dekri [[Batèm Jezi|batèm Jezi]] nan [[Rivyè Jouden|Rivyè Jouden an]] ak [[Tantasyon Kris|tantasyon li te fè fas]] pandan karant jou li te pase nan [[Dezè Jide a]] kòm preparasyon pou ministè piblik li.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sheen |first=Fulton J. |title=Life of Christ |year=2008 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-385-52699-9 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165309/https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan chak istwa sa yo, istwa batèm Jezi a vini apre enfòmasyon sou Jan Batis.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=141–143}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}} Yo montre Jan k ap preche repantans pou padon peche, ankouraje moun bay [[Lamòn|lamòn]] bay malere,<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke||3:11}}.</ref> batize moun nan rejyon Rivyè Jouden an anviwon [[Pere]], epi anonse vini yon moun "ki pi pwisan" pase l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:16}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Eerdmans commentary on the Bible |first1=James D. G. |last1=Dunn |first2=John W. |last2=Rogerson |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0 |page=1010 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> [[File:Ary Scheffer - The Temptation of Christ (1854).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Jezi ak Dyab la dekri nan ''[[Tantasyon Kris|Tantasyon Kris la]]'', pa [[Ary Scheffer]], 1854]] Nan Levanjil Mak, Jan Batis batize Jezi, epi lè Jezi soti nan dlo a, li wè [[Sentespri]] ap desann sou li tankou yon toutrèl, epi yon vwa soti nan syèl la pou deklare l Pitit Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:9–11}}.</ref> Se youn nan de evènman Levanjil yo dekri kote yon vwa ki soti nan Syèl la refere a Jezi kòm "Pitit", lòt la se [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|Transfigirasyon an]].{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs">{{cite book |last1=Harding|first1=Mark|title=The Content and the Setting of the Gospel Tradition|last2=Nobbs|first2=Alanna|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8028-3318-1|pages=281–282}}</ref> Answit Lespri a pouse l ale nan dezè a, kote [[Satan]] tante l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:12–13}}.</ref> Apre arestasyon Jan, Jezi kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:14}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Matye, lè Jezi vin kote Jan pou l batize, Jan pwoteste, li di, "Se mwen ki bezwen batize pa ou."<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:14}}.</ref> Jezi di l pou l kontinye ak batèm lan "pou nou akonpli tout jistis".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:15}}.</ref> Answit Matye rakonte twa tantasyon espesifik Satan ofri Jezi nan dezè a.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|4:3–11}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Lik, Sentespri a desann an fòm kò, tankou yon toutrèl, apre tout pèp la fin batize epi pandan Jezi ap [[Prayers of Jesus|priye]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:21–22}}.</ref> Pita, Jan rekonèt Jezi implicitman lè li voye disip li yo poze kesyon sou li.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|7:18–23}}.</ref> Lik dekri tou twa tantasyon Jezi te fè eksperyans nan dezè a anvan li kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|4:1–14}}.</ref> Levanjil Jan an pa rakonte batèm ak tantasyon Jezi.{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Jesus Christ}} Pito, Jan Batis temwaye ke li wè Lespri a desann epi rete sou Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:32}}.</ref>{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&pg=PA292 292]}} Jan pwoklame Jezi piblikman kòm [[Ti Mouton Bondye a]], epi kèk nan disip Jan yo vin disip Jezi.{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=17–62}} Anvan yo mete Jan nan prizon, Jezi mennen disip li yo batize,<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:22–24}}.</ref> epi yo batize plis moun pase Jan.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|4:1}}.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Ministry"></span> Ministè piblik === <!-- Anchor names for incoming section link(s) from other page(s) --> {{Main|Ministè Jezi}} [[File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg|thumb|''Diskou sou mòn lan'', pa [[Carl Bloch]], 1877, dekri [[Diskou sou mòn lan|diskou enpòtan Jezi a]].|alt=Jezi chita sou yon mòn, k ap preche yon foul moun]] Levanjil sinoptik yo dekri de gwo kad jewografik nan ministè Jezi. Premye a se Galile, nan nò [[Jide]], kote Jezi fè yon ministè ki gen gwo siksè; dezyèm lan se Jerizalèm, kote yo rejte l epi touye l.<ref name="ISBEO">{{cite web |year=1939 |editor-last=Orr |editor-first=James |title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online |url=http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817024703/http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> Souvan yo rele l "[[Rabi|rabi]]",<ref name="ISBEO" /> Jezi bay mesaj li oralman.<ref name="Dunn2013">{{cite book |last=Dunn |first=James D. G. |title=The Oral Gospel Tradition |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=2013 |pages=290–291}}</ref> Nan istwa sa yo, li entèdi moun ki rekonèt li kòm mesi a—ladan yo moun li geri ak move lespri li ekzòsize yo—pale sou sa (gade [[Sekrè mesyanik|Sekrè mesyanik la]]).{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}} Kontrèman, Levanjil Jan an prezante ministè Jezi kòm ki te fèt sitou nan ak alantou Jerizalèm olye de nan Galile, epi nati divin li pwoklame ak rekonèt pi ouvètman.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Chèchè yo souvan divize ministè Jezi an plizyè etap. Ministè nan Galile a kòmanse lè Jezi retounen Galile apati [[Dezè Jide a]] apre li fin reziste tantasyon [[Satan]]. Answit li preche toupatou nan Galile, epi nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–20]], [[Premye disip Jezi yo|premye disip li yo]]—ki pita pral fòme nwayo Legliz la—rankontre l epi kòmanse swiv li.{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}} Peryòd sa a gen ladan l [[Diskou sou mòn lan]], youn nan gwo diskou Jezi yo,{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermon on the mount: a theological investigation |first=Carl G. |last=Vaught |year=2001 |publisher=Baylor University Press |isbn=978-0-918954-76-3 |pages=xi–xiv}}</ref> ansanm ak [[Kalme tanpèt la|kalmman tanpèt la]], [[Miltiplikasyon pen yo pou 5 000 moun|manje 5 000 moun yo]], [[Jezi mache sou dlo|mache sou dlo]], ak plizyè lòt mirak ak [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]].{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=143–160}} Li fini ak [[Konfesyon Pyè|Konfesyon Pyè a]] ak Transfigirasyon an.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Transfiguration, The |encyclopedia=The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Thought: Son of Man-Tremellius V11 |isbn=978-1-4286-3189-2 |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls |year=1909 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |page=493 |last=Nash |first=Henry S. |editor-first=Samuel M. |editor-last=Jackson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052036/https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Barton132">{{cite book |last=Barton |first=Stephen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994 |title=The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels |date=23 November 2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80766-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994/page/n138 132]–133 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pandan Jezi ap vwayaje pou Jerizalèm, nan sa yo souvan rele ministè Pere a, li retounen nan rejyon kote yo te batize l la, apeprè yon tyè wout pou desann soti nan [[Lak Galile|Lak Galile a]] sou Rivyè Jouden an.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#10:40|Jan 10:40–42]].</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=137}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=211–229}} [[Ministè Jezi#Final ministry in Jerusalem|Dènye faz ministè li a]], nan Jerizalèm, kòmanse ak [[Antre triyonfal nan Jerizalèm|antre triyonfal li]] nan vil la nan [[Dimanch Ram]].{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} Nan Levanjil sinoptik yo, pandan semèn sa a Jezi [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|chase machann lajan yo]] nan [[Dezyèm Tanp lan]], epi [[Maché Jida a|Jida fè yon maché pou trayi]] li. Peryòd sa a kilmine nan [[Dènye Soupe a]] epi, nan istwa Jan an, nan [[Diskou orevwa a]].{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=257–274}} ==== Disip ak swivan ==== {{Main|Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|Voye douz apot yo}} [[File:Brooklyn Museum - The Exhortation to the Apostles (Recommandation aux apôtres) - James Tissot.jpg|thumb|''Egzòtasyon bay apot yo'', pa [[James Tissot]], dekri Jezi k ap pale ak douz disip li yo.]] Nan kòmansman ministè li, Jezi [[Voye douz apot yo|chwazi douz apot]]. Nan Matye ak Mak, Jezi rele kat premye apot li yo, ki se pechè, epi yo dekri yo kite filè yo imedyatman pou swiv li.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–22]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#1:16|Mak 1:16–20]].</ref> Nan Jan, de premye apot Jezi yo te disip Jan Batis okòmansman; Batis la wè Jezi epi rele l Ti Mouton Bondye a, epi de moun yo, ki tande sa, kòmanse swiv Jezi.{{sfn|Brown|1988|pp=25–27}}{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=292–293}} Anplis douz apot yo, entwodiksyon [[Diskou sou plenn nan]] nan Lik idantifye yon gwoup moun ki pi gran kòm disip.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#6:17|Lik 6:17]].</ref> Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#10:1|Lik 10:1–16]], Jezi voye [[Swasanndis disip yo|70 oswa 72 swivan li yo]] de pa de pou prepare vil yo pou vizit li yo pral fè: yo enstwi yo pou yo aksepte òspitalite, geri malad yo, epi pwoklame [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=The Gospel According to Luke |encyclopedia=New Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament |publisher=Liturgical Press |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |page=255 |first=Michael F. |last=Patella |editor-first=Daniel |editor-last=Durken |isbn=978-0-8146-3260-4 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910044704/https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== <span class="anchor" id="Teachings and preachings"></span> Ansèyman ak mirak ==== {{Main|Diskou sou mòn lan|Parabòl Jezi|Mirak Jezi}} {{See also|Diskou sou plenn nan|Senk diskou Matye yo|Diskou orevwa a|Diskou sou Mòn Oliv la|Diskou sou Pen lavi a}} [[File:Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg|thumb|''[[Jezi ak jenn gason rich la]]'' pa [[Heinrich Hofmann (painter)|Heinrich Hofmann]], 1889]] Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi anseye anpil—souvan nan [[Parabòl|parabòl]]{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=316–346}}—sou Wayòm Bondye a. Jezi pale tou de "[[Pitit Lonm nan]]", yon figi [[Apokalips|apokaliptik]] ki pral vin rasanble moun yo chwazi yo.<ref name="Britannica" /> Jezi mande moun repanti de peche yo epi devwe tèt yo antyèman a Bondye.<ref name="Britannica">{{Britannica |id=303091 |title=Jesus Christ |first1=E.&nbsp;P. |last1=Sanders |first2=Jaroslav J. |last2=Pelikan}}</ref> Li enstwi disip li yo pou yo respekte [[Lalwa jwif la|lalwa jwif la]], byenke gen kèk nan moun ki te viv ansanm avè l ki wè l kòm moun ki vyole lalwa a li menm, pa egzanp nan [[Saba|obsèvans saba a]].<ref name="Britannica" /> Lè yo mande l ki [[Gran kòmandman an|pi gran kòmandman an]], Jezi reponn: "Se pou ou renmen Senyè Bondye ou ak tout kè ou, ak tout nanm ou, ak tout lespri ou ... Epi yon dezyèm ki sanble ak li: 'Se pou ou renmen pwochen ou tankou tèt ou.{{'"}}<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#22:37|Matye 22:37–39]].</ref> Lòt ansèyman etik ki atribiye a Jezi gen ladan yo [[Matye 5:44|renmen lènmi ou yo]], abstni nan [[Rayisman|rayisman]] ak [[Konvwatiz|konvwatiz]], [[Prezante lòt jou a|prezante lòt jou a]], ak [[Padon|padone]] moun ki fè nou peche.<ref>[[Diskou sou mòn lan|Matye 5–7]].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stassen |first1=Glen H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |title=Kingdom Ethics: Following Jesus in Contemporary Context |last2=Gushee |first2=David P. |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8308-2668-1 |pages=102–103, 138–140, 197–198, 295–298 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226062140/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Jan an prezante ansèyman Jezi pa sèlman kòm pwòp predikasyon li men kòm [[Revelasyon|revelasyon]] divin. Pa egzanp, Jan Batis di nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#3:34|Jan 3:34]]: "Moun Bondye voye a pale pawòl Bondye, paske li bay Lespri a san mezi." Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#7:16|Jan 7:16]], Jezi di, "Ansèyman mwen an pa pou mwen men pou moun ki voye m lan." Li repete sa nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#14:10|Jan 14:10]]: "Eske nou pa kwè mwen nan Papa a epi Papa a nan mwen? Pawòl mwen di nou yo, mwen pa di yo pou kont mwen; men se Papa a ki rete nan mwen an ki fè zèv li yo."<ref name="Osborn-1993" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Köstenberger |first=Andreas J. |title=The missions of Jesus and the disciples according to the Fourth Gospel |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8028-4255-8 |pages=108–109}}</ref> [[File:Pompeo Batoni 003.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|''[[Pitit pèdi a|Retou Pitit pèdi a]]'' pa [[Pompeo Batoni]], 1773]] Apeprè 30 parabòl reprezante anviron yon tyè nan ansèyman Jezi anrejistre yo.<ref name="Osborn-1993">{{cite book |first=Eric F. |last=Osborn |year=1993 |title=The emergence of Christian theology |url=https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo |url-access=limited |isbn=978-0-521-43078-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo/page/n115 98] |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1998 |title=The parables of Jesus: lessons in life from the Master Teacher |isbn=978-0-8254-9715-5 |page=10 |publisher=Kregel}}</ref> Parabòl yo parèt toude andedan sèmon ki pi long ak nan lòt kote nan naratif la.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermons of Jesus the Messiah |first=E. Keith |last=Howick |year=2003 |publisher=WindRiver |isbn=978-1-886249-02-8 |pages=7–9}}</ref> Yo souvan gen senbolis ladan yo epi tipikman yo konekte aspè mond fizik la ak reyalite [[Espirityalite|espirityèl]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Friedrich G. |last=Lisco |year=1850 |title=The Parables of Jesus |publisher=Daniels and Smith Publishers |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ/page/n12 9]–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Ashton |last=Oxenden |year=1864 |title=The parables of our Lord? |publisher=William Macintosh Publishers |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ/page/n15 6] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Tèm komen yo gen ladan yo bonte ak jenerozite Bondye, ansanm ak danje ak konsekans transgresyon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |title=Interpreting the Parables |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2012 |page=448 |isbn=978-0-8308-3967-4 |first=Craig L. |last=Blomberg |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910175429/https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk parabòl, tankou sa [[Pitit pèdi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#15:11|Lik 15:11–32]].</ref> ki relativman senp, pandan gen lòt, tankou [[Parabòl grenn k ap grandi a|Grenn k ap grandi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#4:26|Mak 4:26–29]].</ref> ki pi konplèks, pwofon epi difisil pou entèprete.<ref>{{cite web |first=Madeleine I. |last=Boucher |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |title=The Parables |website=Frontline|publisher=PBS |access-date=3 June 2013 |archive-date=10 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810144100/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Lè disip li yo mande l poukisa li pale ak pèp la an parabòl, Jezi reponn disip li chwazi yo te resevwa dwa "konnen sekrè Wayòm syèl la", kontrèman ak rès yo, epi li ajoute: "Paske moun ki genyen, y ap bay li plis epi li pral gen anpil. Men moun ki pa genyen, y ap retire menm sa li genyen an", epi li kontinye di ke pifò nan jenerasyon yo a gen "kè di" epi pou sa yo pa kapab konprann.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#13:10|Matye 13:10–17]].</ref> [[File:Christ cleans leper man.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Jezi geri yon lèp|Jezi ap geri yon lèp]], [[Mozayik|mozayik]] medyeval nan [[Katedral Monreale]], fen 12yèm syèk jiska mitan 13yèm syèk|alt=Jezi, ak yon oreyòl alantou tèt li, poze men l sou yon lèp, konsa li geri l]] Nan istwa levanjil yo, Jezi konsakre yon bon pati nan ministè li pou fè [[Mirak|mirak]], sitou gerizon.{{sfn|Green|McKnight |Marshall|1992|p=299}} Souvan yo klase mirak sa yo an de gwo kategori: mirak gerizon ak mirak sou nati.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=350}}{{sfn|Levine|2006|p=4}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Charlesworth |first1=James H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |title=The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide |date=2008 |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6 |page=113 |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221947/https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak gerizon yo gen ladan yo gerizon maladi fizik, [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]],{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}}{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|p=298}} ak [[Mirak Jezi#Resurrection of the dead|rezirèksyon mò yo]].{{sfn|Green|McKnight|Marshall|1992|p=300}}<ref name="Oxford Companion" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Tabor |first=James |date=22 March 2013 |title=What the Bible Says About Death, Afterlife, and the Future |url=https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823115040/https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |archive-date=23 August 2016 |access-date=13 June 2015 |publisher=UNCC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hoekema |first=Anthony A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |title=The Bible and the Future |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-85364-624-2 |pages=88–89 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak sou nati yo montre otorite sou mond natirèl la epi yo gen ladan yo [[Chanje dlo an diven|chanje dlo an diven]], mache sou dlo, ak kalme yon tanpèt, pami lòt. Jezi atribiye mirak li yo a yon sous divin. Lè opozan l yo akize l chase move lespri ak pouvwa [[Belzebi]], prens move lespri yo, li reponn li fè sa pa "Lespri Bondye" ([[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#12:28|Matye 12:28]]) oswa "dwèt Bondye", e li di li ta ilojik pou Satan mine pwòp domèn li; li mande tou, si li ekzòsize pa Belzebi, "pa ki moun pitit nou yo chase yo?"<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#11:20|Lik 11:20]].</ref><ref name="Britannica" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |title=Zondervan King James Version Commentary: New Testament |last2=Mitchell |first2=Daniel R. |publisher=Zondervan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-310-25150-7 |page=100 |first1=Edward E. |last1=Hindson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910171333/https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Matye 12:31–32, li di anplis ke byenke tout kalite peche, ladan yo "ensilt kont Bondye" oswa "ensilt kont Pitit Lonm nan", ka padone, blasfèm kont "[[Sentespri]] la" p ap janm padone, epi moun ki koupab yo pote peche yo pou tout tan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 12:31-32 - New International Version|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2012%3A31-32&version=NIV|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=30 January 2026}}</ref> Nan Jan, yo dekri mirak Jezi yo kòm "siy", ke li fè pou montre misyon ak idantite li.<ref name="Sign" />{{sfn|Ehrman|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0/page/84 84]}} Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, lè kèk metèd lalwa ak farizyen mande l yon siy mirakilè pou valide otorite li, Jezi refize,<ref name="Sign">{{cite book |title=Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology |year=2001 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-3717-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 198] |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 |first1=Paul J. |last1=Achtemeier |first2=Joel B. |last2=Green |first3=Marianne M. |last3=Thompson}}</ref> li di pa pral gen okenn siy pou yon jenerasyon koripte ak mechan eksepte siy pwofèt [[Jonas]] la. Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, foul moun yo anjeneral reponn ak mirak li yo ak sezisman epi yo prese sou li pou l geri malad yo, pandan nan Jan, yo dekri Jezi kòm mwens bride pa foul yo, ki souvan reponn siy li yo ak lafwa ak konfyans.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=236}} Yon karakteristik komen nan tout naratif mirak yo se ke Jezi fè yo gratis epi li pa mande ni aksepte peman.<ref>{{cite book |last=van der Loos |first=Hendrik |title=The Miracles Of Jesus |year=1965 |publisher=Brill |page=197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165838/https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |url-status=live}}</ref> Istwa mirak yo souvan melanje ak ansèyman, epi mirak yo menm souvan gen yon dimansyon [[Metòd didaktik|didaktik]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The words and works of Jesus Christ |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-310-30940-6 |page=212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |publisher=Zondervan |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910063513/https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Twelftree|1999 |p=95}} Anpil ladan yo mete aksan sou enpòtans lafwa: nan [[Geri dis lèp yo|geri dis lèp yo]] ak [[Leve pitit fi Jayis la|leve pitit fi Jayis la]], pa egzanp, yo di moun ki benefisye yo ke gerizon yo soti nan lafwa yo.{{sfn|Donahue|Harrington |2002|p=182}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Lockyer |first=Herbert |year=1988 |title=All the Miracles of the Bible |isbn=978-0-310-28101-6 |page=235 |publisher=Zondervan}}</ref> Nan ''A Marginal Jew'', chèchè [[John P. Meier]] defann ke "tradisyon mirak sou ministè piblik Jezi yo deja tèlman byen ateste nan divès sous" ke nenpòt "fabrikasyon total pa premye Legliz la, pale an pratik, enposib". Li baze sa sou sous literè tankou Levanjil Matye, Lik ak Jan, ansanm ak ekri istoryen Jozèf (Josephus). Meier sipoze ke "kritè atestasyon miltip sous ak fòm" sipòte konklizyon ke Jezi te fè "zèv eksepsyonèl" ke kontanporen li yo te konsidere kòm mirak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=John Meier |url=http://archive.org/details/Marginal-Jew_vol-2_Meier_1994 |title=A Marginal Jew/Маргинальный еврей |date=November 1994}}</ref> Chèchè [[Paul J. Achtemeier]] sipoze ke mirak sa yo pat inik a Jezi nan mond ansyen an epi yo te konsidere yo kòm ambigi menm pa temwen ki te wè yo. Li note ke Jezi gen chans te fè zèv yo te konprann kòm ekzòsis, ki te "aksepte kòm reyalite pa kontanporen li yo", men yo pa ta dwe konsidere yo kòm gen "valè prèv konsènan Jezi", paske temwen yo te kapab reklame li t ap travay swa ak Satan swa ak Bondye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Achtemeier |first=Paul J. |date=1975 |title=Miracles and the Historical Jesus: A Study of Mark 9:14-29 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43714056 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=471–491 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> Chèchè [[Gregory Sterling]] obsève ke, nan ka sipoze ekzòsis Jezi yo, "Pou Galileyen premye syèk la ki te kwè nan prezans pèsonèl mal an fòm move lespri, zèv Jezi a te yon validasyon ministè li."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sterling |first=Gregory E. |date=1993 |title=Jesus as Exorcist: An Analysis of Matthew 17:14-20; Mark 9:14-29; Luke 9:37-43a |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43721315 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=467–493 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> re2sskfco9vo2o88rs7e79b09q7gesc 889170 889169 2026-10-23T05:52:28Z Kitanago 19629 /* Ansèyman ak mirak */ 889170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | non = Jezi Kris | imaj = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | taille image = 200 | lejand = [[Christ pantocrator (Sinaï)|Christ pantocrator nan monastè Sent-Katrin Sinaï]], {{sap-|VI}} | tit = [[Jezi Nazarèt]] ak Pitit Bondye a | dat nesans = ant [[7 av. J.-K.|7]] ak [[5 av. J.-K.|5 anvan epòk nou an]] | lye nesans = [[Bètleyèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]), selon Levanjil yo ; [[Nazarèt]] nan [[Galile (rejyon)|Galile]], selon yon majorite istoryen. | dat lanmò = ant [[30]] et [[33]]<ref>Aujourd'hui, la très grande majorité des chercheurs donnent 30 ou 33, selon la longueur qu'ils estiment du ministère de Jésus, mais selon la tradition, il est mort à trente-trois ans : selon ses dates supposées de naissance, cela donne entre 26 et 28 ; cf. {{chapitre|langue=en|prénom1=Stanley E.|nom1=Porter|titre chapitre=Chronology of the New Testament|auteurs ouvrage=David Noel Freedman et Allen C. Myers (dirs.)|titre ouvrage=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|éditeur=Amsterdam University Press|année=2000|isbn=9789053565032|passage=250}}. Quelques-uns donnent 29 et une petite minorité va jusqu'à 36 ; voir la synthèse de {{Ouvrage|prénom1=Raymond E.|nom1=Brown|lien auteur1=Raymond Edward Brown|titre=La Mort du Messie|éditeur=[[Éditions Bayard|Bayard]]|année=2005|pages totales=1695|passage=1552|isbn=978-2-227-35025-0}} </ref> | lye lanmò = [[Jerizalèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]) | laj lanmò = Anviwon 35 an | non nesans = | lòt non = [[Jezi Nazarèt]]<br />[[Mesi]]<br />[[Trinite (chrisyanis)|Bondye]] | nasyonalite = }} '''Jezi'''{{efn|{{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{transliteration|grc|Iēsoús}}, gen chans soti nan {{langx|he|יֵשׁוּעַ|label=[[Lang ebre|ebre]] oswa [[Arameyen|arameyen]]}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{tlit|und|[[Yeshua|Yēšūaʿ]]}} }} ({{circa|6 a 4 anvan Jezikri}}<!-- "By collating the gospel accounts with historical data and using various other methods, most scholars arrive at a date of birth between 6 and 4 BC for Jesus, though scholarly arguments for a date of birth between 7 and 1 BC have been made" in 'Chronology' section -->{{snd}}ane 30 oswa 33 apre Jezikri), ke yo rele tou '''Jezikri''',{{efn|[[Kopt (lang)|Kopt]]: {{lang|cop|Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ́ρⲓⲥτⲟⲥ}}; [[Geʽez]]: {{lang|gez|መሲህ ኢየሱስ}}; [[Grèk koine|Grèk]]: {{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}; [[Ebre klasik|Ebre]]: {{lang|hbo|ישוע המשיח}}; [[Laten]]: {{lang|la|Iesus Christus}}; [[Slavon legliz|Slavon]]: {{lang|cu|І҆исоу́съ Хрїсто́съ}}; [[Siryak klasik|Siryak]]: {{lang|syc|ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ}}}} '''Jezi Nazarèt''', epi pa [[Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|lòt non ak tit]] ankò, se te yon predikatè [[Jwif|jwif]] ak [[Lis fondatè tradisyon relijye|lidè relijye]] ki te aktif nan [[Jide (pwovens women)|pwovens women Jide]] pandan 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} <!-- Do not merge these. Jesus is — not was — the central figure of Christianity. -->Li se [[Jezi nan Krisyanis|figi santral]] [[Krisyanis]], [[Gwo gwoup relijyon yo|pi gwo relijyon nan mond lan]]. Pifò [[Konfesyon kretyen|branch kretyen]] konsidere Jezi kòm [[Enkanasyon (Krisyanis)|enkanasyon]] [[Bondye Pitit la]] ak [[Mesi#Krisyanis|Mesi]] oswa [[Kris (tit)|Kris]] yo t ap tann nan. Istwa [[Lavi Jezi|lavi Jezi]] yo kontni nan [[Evanjil|Evanjil yo]], sitou nan [[Kat evanjil kanonik yo|kat evanjil kanonik]] [[Nouvo Testaman|Nouvo Testaman an]]. Depi [[Syèk Limyè yo]], [[Rechèch Jezi istorik la|rechèch akademik]] pwodui divès opinyon sou [[Fyabilite istorik evanjil yo|fyabilite istorik evanjil yo]] ak nan ki mezi yo reflete [[Jezi istorik|Jezi istorik la]],{{sfn|Powell|1998|pp=168–173}}{{efn|Ehrman ekri: "Lide ki di istwa evanjil yo pa konplètman egzak men yo toujou enpòtan pou verite relijye yo eseye transmèt la, se yon lide ki byen pataje nan mond chèchè yo, menmsi li pa byen konnen ni kwè deyò mond sa a."<ref>Bart D. Ehrman. [http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium']. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123155853/https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html |date=23 January 2019 }} Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.), The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24{{Clarify|reason=It's unclear if this citation is for one source or multiple sources. Is it a book or an audio lecture?|date=October 2025}}</ref><br />Sanders ekri: "Premye kretyen yo pa t ekri yon naratif sou lavi Jezi, men yo te itilize epi konsa konsève inite endividyèl yo—ti pasaj sou pawòl ak aksyon li. Pita, otè ak editè yo te deplase epi achte inite sa yo. [...] Gen kèk materyèl ki te revize epi gen lòt premye kretyen yo te kreye."{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=57}}}}{{Sfn|Bowman Jr.|Komoszewski|2019|p=22–23}}<ref>{{Cite journal|author-first1=Craig A. |author-last1=Evans|url=https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/54.1.1.pdf|title=Life-of-Jesus Research and the Eclipse of Mythology|journal=Theological Studies |volume=54 |year=1993|pages= 13–14|quote=First, the New Testament Gospels are now viewed as useful, if not essentially reliable, historical sources. Gone is the extreme skepticism that for so many years dominated gospel research. Representative of many is the position of E. P. Sanders and Marcus Borg, who have concluded that it is possible to recover a fairly reliable picture of the historical Jesus.}}</ref><!---- The following paragraph was created by consensus after considerable discussion by a variety of editors. Out of courtesy for this process, please discuss any proposed changes on the talk page before editing it. ----><!-- PLEASE READ THIS FIRST. The following references are WP:RS sources that are used per WP:RS/AC guideline. The issue has been discussed on the talk page at length See the "talk page FAQ" about it; it may answer your question. The main source says "scholars of antiquity", other sources say "scholars", "biblical scholars and classical historians" and "historians". Sources do not say "X scholars" or "Christian scholars", so do not modify it as such, for that will make it deviate from what the sources state. The source says "virtually all", so do NOT change it to "most", "several", "many", etc. Thank you. ----> men prèske tout chèchè modèn [[Ansyènte klasik|ansyènte]] dakò ke [[Istorisite Jezi|Jezi te egziste istorikman]].{{efn |name=exist|Nan yon revizyon etid modèn yo an 2011, [[Bart D. Ehrman]] te ekri, "Li sètènman te egziste, jan prèske tout chèchè konpetan ansyènte, kretyen kou pa kretyen, dakò sou sa."{{sfn|Ehrman|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376/page/n298 285]}} [[Richard A. Burridge]] di: "Gen moun ki sipòte lide ke Jezi se yon envansyon imajinasyon Legliz la, ke pat gen okenn Jezi menm. Mwen oblije di mwen pa konnen okenn chèchè kritik respektab ki di sa ankò."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jesus Now and Then |first1=Richard A. |last1=Burridge |first2=Graham |last2=Gould |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34 34] |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34}}</ref> [[Robert M. Price]] pa kwè Jezi te egziste men li dakò ke pèspektiv sa a kontrè ak opinyon majorite chèchè yo.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Robert M. |last=Price |title=Jesus at the Vanishing Point |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus: Five Views |editor-last1=Beilby |editor-last2=Eddy |year=2009 |publisher=InterVarsity |isbn=978-0-8308-7853-6 |editor-first=James K. |pages=55, 61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |editor2-first=Paul R. |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112540/https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[James D. G. Dunn]] rele teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo "yon tèz konplètman mouri".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Dunn|first=J. D. G.|author-link1=James Dunn (theologian)|title=Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus |encyclopedia=Sacrifice and Redemption |editor-first1=Stephen W. |editor-last1=Sykes |editor-link1= Stephen Sykes|year=2007 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511659522.005 |isbn=978-0-521-04460-8 |pages=35–36}}</ref> Dapre [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]] (yon [[Klasisis|klasisis]]), "Nan dènye ane yo [an 2004], 'okenn chèchè serye pa janm ozewa sipoze Jezi pa t egziste istorikman' oswa omwen trè piti, epi yo pa reyisi elimine prèv ki pi solid, vrèman abondan, ki di kontrè a."<ref>{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Grant |title=Jesus|publisher=Phoenix |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-684-14889-2 |page=200}}</ref> [[Robert E. Van Voorst]] di chèchè biblik ak istoryen klasik konsidere teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo kòm efektivman refite.{{sfn|Van Voorst|2000|p=16}} Nan yon atik pou ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', [[Candida Moss]] ak Joel Baden di, "gen yon konsansis prèske inivèsèl nan mitan chèchè biblik yo&nbsp;– pa vre yo omwen&nbsp;– ke Jezi te, an reyalite, yon vrè nonm."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |title=So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=5 October 2014 |author-first2=Joel |author-last2=Baden |author-link1=Candida Moss|author-first1=Candida |author-last1=Moss |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205210029/https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Dapre [[Tradisyon kretyen|tradisyon kretyen]], jan yo prezante l nan Evanjil yo ak [[Travay Apot yo]], Jezi [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|te sikonsi]] nan wityèm jou, [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezante]] nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] nan karantyèm jou. Jan [[Jan Batis]] te [[Batèm Jezi|batize]] li lè li te yon jenn adilt, epi apre [[Tantasyon Kris|40 jou ak 40 nwit]] jèn nan [[Dezè Jide a|dezè Jide a]], li te kòmanse [[Ministè Jezi|ministè piblik li]]. Li te yon [[Metèd vwayajè|metèd ekòl vwayajè]] ke disip li yo te kwè li te gen otorite divin pou entèprete [[Halakha|lalwa jwif la]]. Jezi souvan te diskite ak lòt jwif, pi souvan [[Farizyen|farizyen]] ak [[Sadiseyen|sadiseyen]], sou pi bon fason pou swiv [[Bondye nan jidayis|Bondye]]; li te fè gerizon; li te anseye nan [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]]; epi li te rasanble disip, 12 nan yo li te chwazi kòm [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li. Dapre istwa Nouvo Testaman yo, Jezi te arete nan [[Jerizalèm]] epi [[Jijman Jezi devan Sanedren an|jije]] pa [[Sanedren|Sanedren an]];{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=11}} apre sa yo te lanse l bay otorite women yo, epi li te [[Krisifiksyon Jezi|krisifye]] sou lòd [[Ponsyis Pilat]], prefè women [[Jide (pwovens women)|Jide]]. Nan [[Teyoloji kretyen|teyoloji kretyen]], [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|Rezirèksyon]] se evènman kote Jezi te leve soti vivan nan [[Lanmò|lanmò]], twa jou apre lanmò li, epi kwayans sa a te vin fondasyon [[Krisyanis primitif|Legliz kretyen primitif la]], ki te elaji nan yon [[Gaye Krisyanis|mouvman mondyal]].{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=11, 14}} Teyoloji kretyen gen ladan l kwayans ke Jezi te konsevwa pa [[Sentespri nan Krisyanis|Sentespri]], te [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|fèt nan yon vyèj]] ki rele [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], te fè [[Mirak Jezi|mirak]], te fonde [[Legliz kretyen|Legliz kretyen an]], te mouri sou kwa kòm yon sakrifis pou [[Ekspiyasyon nan Krisyanis|ekspiyasyon peche]], te leve soti vivan pa Bondye Papa a, epi te [[Asansyon Jezi|monte]] nan [[Syèl nan Krisyanis|Syèl la]], kote li pral retounen. Kretyen jeneralman kwè Jezi pèmèt moun [[Bondye nan Krisyanis|rekonsilye ak Bondye]]. [[Kredo Nise|Kredo Nise a]] afime Jezi pral [[Dènye Jijman|jije vivan yo ak mò yo]], swa [[Eta entèmedyè (Krisyanis)|anvan]] swa [[Mòtalis kretyen|apre]] [[Rezirèksyon mò yo#Krisyanis|rezirèksyon kò yo]], yon evènman ki asosye ak [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi|Dezyèm Vini Jezi a]] nan [[Eskatoloji kretyen|eskatoloji kretyen]]. Anpil branch kretyen konsidere Jezi kòm enkanasyon Bondye Pitit la, dezyèm nan twa [[prosopon|pèsòn]] [[Trinite|Trinite a]].{{efn|Yon ti minorite nan konfesyon kretyen rejte trinitarism, nèt oswa an pati, kòm ki pa nan Ekriti yo.}} [[Nesans Jezi]] nan vil [[Jide|jide]] [[Betleyèm]] nan selebre chak ane, jeneralman nan 25 desanm,{{efn|Pifò kretyen ak [[Alawit|alawit]] selebre Nwèl. Yon pati nan [[Krisyanis oryantal|legliz kretyen oryantal]] yo selebre Nwèl nan 25 desanm [[Kalandriye jilyen|kalandriye jilyen]], ki kounye a koresponn ak 7 janvye nan [[Kalandriye gregoryen|kalandriye gregoryen]]. Selebrasyon Nwèl yo kòmanse nan [[Veyè Nwèl]], jeneralman 24 desanm.}} kòm [[Nwèl]]. [[Krisifiksyon]] li komemore nan [[Vandredi Sen]] epi rezirèksyon li nan [[Dimanch Pak]]. [[Epòk kalandriye]] ki pi lajman itilize nan mond lan—kote ane aktyèl la se [[Anno Domini|AD]] {{CURRENTYEAR}} (oswa {{CURRENTYEAR}} [[Epòk komen|CE]])—tradisyonèlman baze sou [[Dat nesans Jezi|dat apwoksimatif nesans Jezi]].<ref>{{cite dictionary |year=2003 |title=anno Domini |dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Anno%20Domini |access-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222112520/http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/anno%20domini |archive-date=22 December 2007 |quote=Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of our Lord |url-status=live}}.</ref> [[Opinyon jwif sou Jezi|Jidayis dominan an rejte]] kwayans ke Jezi te mesi yo t ap tann nan, e li di li pat akonpli [[Mesi nan jidayis|pwofesi mesyanik yo]], li pat [[Onksyone|onksyone]] nan fòm lalwa, epi li pat ni divin ni resisite. Kontrèman, [[Jezi nan Islam]]{{efn|Souvan yo rele l pa non koranik li, {{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[Isa (non)|ʿĪsā]]}}}} konsidere kòm [[Mesi#Islam|mesi a]] ak yon [[Pwofèt ak mesaje nan Islam|pwofèt]] [[Bondye nan Islam|Bondye]], ki te voye bay [[Izrayelit|Izrayelit yo]] epi ki [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi#Islam|pral retounen sou Latè]] anvan [[Jou Jijman nan Islam|Jou Jijman an]]. [[Mizilman]] kwè Jezi te fèt nan vyèj [[Mari nan Islam|Mari]] men li pat ni Bondye ni pitit Bondye. Pifò Mizilman [[Opinyon islamik sou lanmò Jezi|pa kwè yo te touye l oswa krisifye l]], men Bondye [[Antre nan syèl vivan|te leve l nan Syèl la pandan li te toujou vivan]].{{efn|Gen kèk Mizilman nan Mwayennaj ki te kwè Jezi te krisifye, kon manm mouvman modèn Ahmadiyya a; gade {{slink||Islamic perspectives}}.}} Jezi tou venere nan [[Lafwa Bahayi]] ak [[Relijyon dwouz|relijyon dwouz]], ansanm ak nan [[Rastafari]]. {{TOC limit|3}} == Non == {{Further|Jezi (non)|Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|Non sen Jezi|Non Bondye nan Krisyanis}} [[File:JesusYeshua2.svg|thumb|Soti anwo agòch: transkripsyon [[Arameyen|arameyen]], [[Lang ebre|ebre]], [[Lang grèk|grèk]], [[Laten|laten]] ak angle non ''Jezi'']] Yon jwif nan tan Jezi souvan [[Non jwif|te gen yon sèl non]], pafwa swivi pa yon fraz [[Patwonim|patwonimik]] ki gen fòm "pitit [non papa a]", oswa pa vil kote li soti a.<ref name="Britannica" /> Konsa, nan Nouvo Testaman an, souvan yo refere a Jezi kòm "Jezi [[Nazarèt]]".{{efn|Atik sa a itilize sitasyon ki soti nan [[Nouvo Vèsyon Revize Estanda]] Bib la.}} Vwazen Jezi yo nan Nazarèt te rele l "bòs bòs la, pitit [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]] ak frè [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jak jenn nan|Jozès]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]", "pitit bòs bòs la", oswa "pitit [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]]"; nan [[Evanjil Jan|Evanjil Jan an]], disip [[Filip apot la|Filip]] rele l "Jezi pitit Jozèf, moun Nazarèt".<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:45}}</ref> Non ''Jezi'' se transliterasyon angle, atravè laten ''Iesus'', de {{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, ki se vèsyon grèk non ebre יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ ''Yehoshua'' (Yehōšuᵃʿ).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Greek: 2424. Ἰησοῦς (Iésous) -- Jesus |url=https://biblehub.com/greek/2424.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The Greek name corresponds to the Hebrew "Joshua."''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1">{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The name Jesus, in Greek, answers to Joshua, or rather, Jehoshuah, in Hebrew, which signifies Jehovah shall save;'' […] ''It was not without reason that the successor of Moses was called by this name; for, by subduing the Canaanites, and putting the tribes of Israel in possession of the promised land, he showed himself to be, under God, the Saviour of his people. But this name agrees much better to our Jesus, who both delivers his followers from much more dangerous enemies, and divides unto them a much more glorious inheritance.''}}</ref> Non ebre/[[Arameyen|arameyen]] sa a te komen nan mitan jwif [[Jide|jide]] yo nan epòk nesans Jezi,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Barnes' Notes |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''It was a very common name among the Jews.''}}</ref> byenke nan peryòd sa a li te deja rakousi an יֵשׁוּעַ ''[[Yeshua]]'' (Yešūᵃʿ);<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3442. יֵשׁ֫וּעַ (Yeshua) -- Yeshua, Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3442.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûaʿ) is the late, shortened spelling of the earlier name יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (Yehōšûaʿ, "Joshua").}}</ref> kontraksyon an te deja fèt nan liv biblik ki pi ta tankou [[Liv Neyemi|Neyemi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=H3442 - yēšûaʿ - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) |url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/gen/1/1/s_1001 |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=Blue Letter Bible |quote=''Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon: יֵשׁוּעַ [Jeshua] a contracted form of the proper name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ used in the later Hebrew ... proper name of other men, mentioned in the books of Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah''}}</ref> kote yo rele [[Jozye]] ''Yeshua''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehemiah 8:17 Hebrew Interlinear: ... for the sons of Israel had not done, from the days of '''Jeshua [יֵשׁוּעַ, Yeshua] son of Nun''' ... |url=https://biblehub.com/interlinear/nehemiah/8-17.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> Non an vle di "[[Tetragram|Bondye]] sove" an ebre, literalman "[[Yawe]] sove",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3091. יְהוֹשׁ֫וּעַ (Yehoshua) -- Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Both Joshua son of Nun and Jesus of Nazareth bear the name "Yahweh saves"''}}</ref> soti nan [[Rasin semitik|rasin]] ישׁע (''y-š-ʿ,'' 'sove') ak non יְשׁוּעָה (''yeshuah'', 'sali'). [[Evanjil Matye|Evanjil Matye a]] afime siyifikasyon etimolojik non Jezi a klèman nan pwofesi zanj lan bay Jozèf sou nesans li: "w ap rele l Jezi (Ἰησοῦς), paske l ap sove pèp li a anba peche yo".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:21}}.</ref> Chèchè yo bay enpòtans teyolojik a lefèt ke siksesè [[Moyiz]], [[Jozye]], pote menm non ak Jezi nan grèk, ebre ak arameyen orijinal yo, paske souvan yo fè yon paralèl ant de lidè yo ak etimoloji non yo pataje a ('sove'): Jozye mennen jwif yo nan [[Peyi Pwomiz la]], pandan nan Kretyen Jezi konprann kòm moun ki sove jwif ak [[Payen|payen]] anba peche yo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Matthew Poole's Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua had his name from the same word, because he was to be a temporal saviour to save the Jews, the whole body of the Jews, from the Canaanites their enemies. This Jesus was to save his people, all that should believe in his name, whether Jews or Gentiles, from their sins.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Vincent's Word Studies |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/vws/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Under Joshua the enemies of Israel were conquered, and the people established in the Promised Land. So Jesus leads his people in the fight with sin and temptation.''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua who led the Israelites into the Promised Land, and Joshua or Jeshua, who was high priest at the time of the return from the Babylonish Captivity, are types of Jesus Christ in respect both of work and name.''}}</ref> === Jezikri === {{Further|Kris (tit)}} Depi 1ye syèk la, kretyen yo souvan refere a Jezi kòm "Jezikri".{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=212}} Mo [[Kris (tit)|''Kris'']] la pa yon non bay men se te orijinèlman yon [[Twa fonksyon Kris la|tit oswa yon biwo]] ("Kris la"), ki vle di "[[Mesi|Mesi a]]".{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=30–31}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Theology of the New Testament |first=Rudolf K. |last=Bultmann |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-932792-93-5 |page=80 |publisher=Baylor University Press}}</ref> Tèm nan soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|[[wikt:Χριστός|Χριστός]]}} ({{tlit|grc|Christos}}),<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle= Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ |first=Anthony J. |last= Maas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Heil |first=John P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |title=Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-58983-482-8 |page=66 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173832/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> yon [[Kalk|kalk]] mo ebre {{lang|he|[[wikt:מָשִׁיחַ|משיח]]}} {{tlit|he|[[Mesi nan jidayis|mashiakh]]}} (Mašiᵃḥ), ki transliterasyone an angle kòm ''messiah''.{{sfn|Vine|1940|pp=274–275}} Tèm ebre a vle di "[[Onksyone|onksyone]]", soti nan vèb מָשַׁח (''mashaḥ''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 4886. מָשַׁח (mashach)|url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4886.htm|access-date=21 January 2026|website=biblehub.com|quote=Lexical summary: "to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint"}}</ref> Nan jidayis biblik la, [[Lwil onksyon sakre|lwil sakre]] te itilize pou onksyone kèk moun ak objè eksepsyonèlman sakre kòm yon pati nan envestitir relijyez yo.<ref>Gade [[Levitik]] 8:10–12 ak [[Egzòd 30]]:29.</ref> Nan [[Septant|Septant la]], yo te tradui mo ebre a an grèk kòm χριστός (''christos''), ki vle di "onksyone",<ref>{{Cite web |title=χριστός Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χριστός&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=of persons, anointed}}</ref> soti nan vèb χρίω (''chrio''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=χρίω Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χρίω&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=Autenrieth: smear with oil, anoint, LSJ: rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil}}</ref> Premye kretyen yo te nonmen Jezi "Kris la" paske yo te kwè li se Mesi a ("moun ki onksyone a") ki te [[Jezi ak pwofesi mesyanik|pwofetize]] nan [[Bib ebre a]] (Ansyen Testaman an). Nan itilizasyon apre epòk biblik la, ''Kris'' te vin wè kòm yon non—yon pati nan "Jezikri". Tèm ''[[Kretyen|kretyen]]'', ki vle di yon disip Kris, ap itilize depi 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA142 142]}} == Lavi ak ansèyman nan Nouvo Testaman an == {{Main|Lavi Jezi}} {{Further|Kote Nouvo Testaman asosye ak Jezi}} {{Gospel Jesus|state=collapsed}} === Levanjil kanonik yo === {{Main|Levanjil|Amoni levanjil yo|Fyabilite istorik levanjil yo}} [[File:Dublin, Chester Beatty Ms Papyrus 45 BP I ff.13-14 Luke 11.50-12.12; 12.18-37; 12.42-13.1; 13.jpg|alt=Yon manyiskri papirus kat paj, ki chire an plizyè kote|thumb|Yon [[Papirus|papirus]] grèk 3yèm syèk [[Levanjil Lik|Levanjil Lik la]]]] Kat [[Levanjil kanonik|levanjil kanonik]] yo ([[Levanjil Matye|Matye]], [[Levanjil Mak|Mak]], [[Levanjil Lik|Lik]] ak [[Levanjil Jan|Jan]]) se sous prensipal pou lavi ak mesaj Jezi.<ref name="Britannica" /> Lòt pati nan Nouvo Testaman an gen ladan yo tou referans a gwo epizòd nan lavi li, tankou [[Dènye Soupe a]] nan [[1 Korentyen 11]]:23–26.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|11:23–26|9}}.</ref>{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=441–442}}<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}} [[Travay Apot yo]]<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|10:37–38|9}} and {{bibleverse|Acts|19:4|9}}.</ref> fè referans a premye ministè Jezi ak fason [[Jan Batis]] te anonse l davans.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Book of the Acts|series=New International Commentary on the New Testament|first=Frederick F. |last=Bruce |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-2505-6 |page=362 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref>{{sfn|Rausch|2003|p=77}}{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} Travay 1:1–11<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|1:1–11|9}}.</ref> bay plis detay sou [[Asansyon Jezi]]<ref>also mentioned in {{bibleverse|1 Timothy|3:16}}.</ref> pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}} Nan [[Lèt pòl yo#Otantisite|lèt pòl yo ki pa diskite]], ki te ekri anvan levanjil yo, yo site plizyè fwa pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians 7:10–11, 9:14, 11:23–25|multi=yes}}, {{bibleverse|2 Corinthians|12:9}}.</ref>{{efn|Powell ekri: "[Pòl] site pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi nan kèk kote,<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Cor. 7:10–11; 9:14; 11:23–25|multi=yes}}; {{bibleverse|2 Cor.|12:9}}; cf. {{bibleverse|Acts|20:35}}</ref> men nan pifò ka li montre ti enterè pou detay lavi ak ministè Jezi sou tè a."<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Mark A. |title=Introducing the New Testament |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe |url-access=limited |date=2009 |publisher=Baker |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe/page/248 248] |isbn=978-0-8010-2868-7}}</ref>}} Gen kèk gwoup [[Premye kretyen|kretyen primitif]] ki te gen deskripsyon separe sou lavi ak ansèyman Jezi ki pa nan Nouvo Testaman an. Ladan yo gen [[Levanjil Toma]], [[Levanjil Pyè]], [[Levanjil Jida]], [[Apokrif Jak]], ak [[Apokrif Nouvo Testaman|anpil lòt ekri apokrif]]. Pifò chèchè konkli tèks sa yo te ekri pi ta epi yo mwens fyab sou plan istorik pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Brown|1997|pp=835–840}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=C. A. |title=Exploring the Origins of the Bible |date=2008 |publisher=Baker |page=154}}</ref>{{sfn|Keener|2009|p=56}} ==== Otè, dat ak fyabilite ==== Levanjil kanonik yo se kat istwa, chak youn atribiye a yon otè diferan. Jeneralman yo konsidere otè levanjil yo kòm psedonim, e tradisyon atribiye yo a [[Kat evanjelis yo|kat evanjelis yo]], chak asosye ak Jezi oswa ak disip pwòch li yo:{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} Mak a [[Jan Mak]], yon asosye [[Sen Pyè|Pyè]];<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> [[Matye apot la|Matye]] a youn nan [[Disip (Krisyanis)|disip]] Jezi yo;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} [[Lik evanjelis la|Lik]] a yon konpayon [[Pòl apot la|Pòl]] ki mansyone nan kèk lèt;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} epi Jan a yon lòt disip Jezi,{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} "[[Disip byenneme a|disip byenneme a]]".{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, St.}} Dapre [[Priyorite markyèn|priyorite markyèn nan]], premye levanjil ki te ekri a se [[Levanjil Mak]] (ane 60–75 apre Jezikri), swivi pa Levanjil Matye (65–85), Levanjil Lik (65–95), ak Levanjil Jan (75–100).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |title=Can We Trust the Gospels?: Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |publisher=Crossway |year=2007 |page=58 |isbn=978-1-4335-1978-9 |first=Mark D. |last=Roberts |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907174109/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pifò chèchè dakò otè Matye ak Lik te itilize Mak kòm sous pou levanjil yo. Kòm Matye ak Lik pataje tou kèk kontni ki pa nan Mak, anpil chèchè konkli yo te itilize yon [[Sous Q|sous Q]] ipotetik anplis Mak, pandan yon kantite k ap grandi sipòte [[Ipotèz Farrer|ipotèz Farrer]] oswa [[Ipotèz posteryorite matyèn|Posteryorite matyèn nan]], kote Matye ak Lik te itilize youn lòt dirèkteman.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Runesson|first=Anders|title=Jesus, New Testament, Christian Origins|date=2021|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=9780802868923}}</ref><ref name="TSP20222">{{Cite book |title=The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference|publisher=Peeters Pub and Booksellers|year=2023|isbn=9789042950344|pages=5|editor-first1=Olegs|editor-last1=Andrejevs|editor-first2=Simon J. |editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first3=‎Edmondo|editor-last3=Lupieri|editor-first4=Joseph|editor-last4=Verhayden}}</ref>{{sfn|Licona|2010|pp=210–221}} Lik ak Matye trete sous yo yon fason ki pi konsèvatè pase lòt istoryen ansyen tankou [[Diodò Sisil]], byenke paralèl ak varyasyon levanjil sinoptik yo se kalite ki tipik nan byografi istorik ansyen.<ref name="Kloppenborg 49–79">{{Cite journal |last=Kloppenborg|first=John|title=Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?|journal=Ephemerides Theologicae Lovaniensis|volume=83|issue=1|pages=49–79}}</ref><ref name="Licona 2016 XIII-XIV">{{Cite book |last=Licona |first=Mike |title=Why are there Differences in the Gospels? What we can Learn from Ancient Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0190264260 |pages=XIII-XIV}}</ref> Yon aspè enpòtan nan etid levanjil yo se [[Jan literè|jan literè]] kote yo klase.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Burridge|first1=R. A. |year=2006|chapter=Gospels|editor-first1=J. W. |editor-last1=Rogerson|editor-first2=Judith M. |editor-last2=Lieu|title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=433}}</ref> Si otè levanjil yo te vle ekri woman, mit, istwa oswa byografi, sa gen yon gwo enpak sou fason pou entèprete zèv yo.<ref>Talbert, C. H. (1977). ''What is a Gospel? The Genre of the Canonical Gospels''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Fortress Press.</ref><ref>Wills, L. M. (1997). ''The Quest of the Historical Gospel: Mark, John and the Origins of the Gospel Genre''. London: Routledge. p. 10.</ref><ref>Burridge, R. A. (2004). ''What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography''. revised updated edn. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.</ref> Byenke li pa san kritik,<ref>e.g. Vines, M. E. (2002). ''The Problem of the Markan Genre: The Gospel of Mark and the Jewish Novel''. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 161–162.</ref> opinyon ki di levanjil yo se yon kalite byografi ansyen reprezante konsansis chèchè jodi a.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stanton |first=Graham N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |title=Jesus and Gospel |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-00802-0 |page=192 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005236/https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogerson |first1=J. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies |last2=Lieu |first2=Judith M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-925425-5 |page=437 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225204746/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |archive-date=25 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Konsènan egzaktitid istwa yo, opinyon yo varye depi sa ki konsidere yo kòm deskripsyon [[Inerans biblik|san erè]] lavi Jezi,{{sfn|Grudem|1994|pp=90–91}} rive sa ki dwe sou fyabilite istorik yo sou divès pwen,{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}} jiska sa ki konsidere yo kòm bay trè piti enfòmasyon istorik sou lavi li apa de baz yo.{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=117–125}}{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|pp=22–23}} ==== Estrikti ak kontni konparatif ==== {{Christianity sidebar}} Matye, Mak ak Lik rele levanjil sinoptik yo, soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|σύν}} ({{tlit|grc|syn}}, 'ansanm') ak {{lang|grc|ὄψις}} ({{tlit|grc|opsis}}, 'vizyon'),<ref name="Haffner-2008" /><ref name="Scroggie-1995" /><ref>{{OED|synoptic}}</ref> paske yo sanble nan kontni, aranjman naratif, lang ak estrikti paragraf, epi yo ka mete youn akote lòt fasilman pou konparezon sinoptik.<ref name="Haffner-2008">{{cite book |title=New Testament Theology |first=Paul |last=Haffner |year=2008 |isbn=978-88-902268-0-9 |page=135 |publisher=Gracewing}}</ref><ref name="Scroggie-1995">{{cite book |title=A Guide to the Gospels |first=W. Graham |last=Scroggie |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8254-9571-7 |page=128 |publisher=[[Kregel Publications]]}}</ref><ref>{{Britannica URL |title=Synoptic Gospels |url=topic/Synoptic-Gospels}}</ref> Chèchè yo jeneralman dakò li enposib jwenn yon relasyon literè dirèk ant levanjil sinoptik yo ak Levanjil Jan an.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel of John |first1=Francis J. |last1=Moloney |first2=Daniel J. |last2=Harrington |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8146-5806-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3 3] |publisher=Liturgical Press |url=https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3}}</ref> Anpil evènman—tankou batèm Jezi, krisifiksyon l ak relasyon l ak [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li yo—parèt nan levanjil sinoptik yo, men ensidan tankou [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|transfigirasyon an]] ak [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]] Jezi{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}} pa parèt nan Jan, ki diferan tou sou lòt pwen, tankou [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|netwayaj Tanp lan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ladd |first=George E. |title=A Theology of the New Testament |year=1993 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-0680-2 |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907103156/https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil sinoptik yo mete aksan sou diferan aspè Jezi. Nan Mak, Jezi se [[Pitit Bondye (Krisyanis)|Pitit Bondye]] ki gen zèv pwisan yo montre prezans [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Yo prezante l kòm yon moun k ap fè mirak san repo ak sèvitè Bondye kou lèzòm.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Thompson|editor-first1=Frank Charles|title=The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible|publisher=Kirk Bride Bible Company & Zondervan Bible Publishers|year=1983|pages= 1563–1564}}</ref> Kout levanjil sa a anrejistre relativman kèk pawòl oswa gwo ansèyman Jezi.<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Levanjil Matye a mete aksan sou lefèt Jezi se akonplisman volonte Bondye jan yo revele l nan Ansyen Testaman an ak Senyè Legliz la.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Matthew|pages=1171–1212}}</ref> Yo prezante l kòm "[[Liyaj davidik|Pitit David]]", yon "wa", ak Mesi a.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" />{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=4–6}} Lik prezante Jezi kòm sovè diven-imen ki montre konpasyon pou moun nan nesesite.<ref name="May Metzger Luke">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Luke|pages=1240–1285}}</ref> Yo montre l kòm zanmi moun k ap fè peche ak moun yo rejte, ki te vini chèche ak sove moun ki pèdi yo.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Levanjil sa a gen ladan l parabòl byen konnen, tankou [[Bon Samariten an]] ak [[Pitit pèdi a|Pitit Pèdi a]].<ref name="May Metzger Luke" /> [[Pwològ Levanjil Jan an]] idantifye Jezi kòm yon enkanasyon Pawòl divin lan ([[Logos (Krisyanis)|Logos]]).<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=John|pages=1286–1318}}</ref> Kòm Pawòl la, yo dekri Jezi kòm etènèlman prezan avèk Bondye, aktif nan tout kreyasyon an, ak sous nati moral ak espirityèl limanite.<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn" /> Nan levanjil sa a, yo prezante Jezi kòm pa sèlman pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt imen nan tan pase, men pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt ki ka egziste: li pa sèlman pale Pawòl Bondye; li se Pawòl Bondye.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi revele wòl divin li piblikman epi yo dekri l kòm [[Pen lavi a]], [[Limyè mond lan]], [[Vrè Pye Rezen an]], ak plis ankò.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Otè Nouvo Testaman an jeneralman te montre ti enterè pou etabli yon [[Kwonoloji Jezi|kwonoloji]] absoli lavi Jezi oswa pou senkwonize epizòd lavi li ak istwa laïk epòk la.{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}} Jan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#21:25|Jan 21:25]] di l, levanjil yo pa pretann bay yon lis konplè evènman nan lavi Jezi.<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Collins |first=Gerald |title=Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-955787-5 |pages=1–3}}</ref> Yo te ekri istwa yo sitou kòm dokiman teyolojik nan kontèks [[Krisyanis primitif|kretyen primitif]], ak kwonoloji kòm yon konsiderasyon segondè.<ref name="Wiarda75">{{cite book |title=Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology |first=Timothy |last=Wiarda |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8054-4843-6 |pages=75–78 |publisher=B&H}}</ref> Levanjil yo konsakre apeprè yon tyè nan tèks yo a dènye semèn lavi Jezi nan [[Jerizalèm]], ke yo rele [[Pasyon (Krisyanis)|Pasyon an]].<ref name="Turner613">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=David L. |last=Turner |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8010-2684-3 |page=613 |publisher=Baker}}</ref> Yo pa bay ase detay pou satisfè egzijans istoryen modèn yo konsènan dat egzak, men li posib pou tire yon imaj jeneral istwa lavi Jezi nan yo.{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}}{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}}<ref name="Wiarda75" /> === Jenealoji ak nesans === {{Main|Jenealoji Jezi|Nativite Jezi}} Jezi te jwif,{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} li te fèt nan [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], madanm [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]].<ref>[[Matye 1]]; [[Lik 2]].</ref> Levanjil Matye ak Lik ofri de istwa diferan sou [[Jenealoji|jenealoji]] li. Matye trase zansèt Jezi jiska [[Abraram]] pa [[David]],<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:1–16}}.</ref>{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=80–91}} pandan Lik trase zansèt Jezi pa [[Adan]] jiska Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–38}}.</ref>{{sfn|Brown|1978|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC&pg=PA163 163]}} Lis yo idantik ant Abraram ak David men yo diferan anpil apati pwen sa a; Matye gen 27 jenerasyon ant David ak Jozèf, pandan Lik gen 42, ak prèske pa gen okenn non ki parèt nan de lis yo.{{efn|Konpare {{bibleverse|Matthew|1:6–16|NIV}} ak {{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–31|NIV}}. Gade tou {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Konparezon de jenealoji yo}}.}}<ref>{{cite book |last=France |first=R. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |title=The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8028-0063-3 |page=72 |author-link=R. T. France |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229004519/https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live}} "From David the two lists diverge, as Matthew follows the line of succession to the throne of Judah from Solomon, whereas Luke's list goes through Nathan, ... and converges with Matthew's only for the two names of Shealtiel and Zerubabbel until Joseph is reached."</ref> Yo pwopoze divès teyori pou eksplike poukisa de jenealoji yo tèlman diferan.{{efn|Pou yon apèsi sou teyori sa yo, gade {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Eksplikasyon pou divèjans lan}}.}} [[File:Gerard van Honthorst - Adoration of the Shepherds (1622).jpg|thumb|left|''Adorasyon bèje yo'' pa [[Gerard van Honthorst]], 1622|alt=Yon sèn nesans; gason ak bèt antoure Mari ak Jezi k ap fèk fèt, ki kouvri ak limyè]] Tou de Matye ak Lik dekri nesans Jezi, sitou ke li te fèt nan yon vyèj ki rele Mari nan [[Betleyèm]] pou akonpli [[Pwofesi|pwofesi]]. Istwa Lik la mete aksan sou evènman anvan [[Nesans Jezi|nesans Jezi]] epi li santre sou Mari, pandan istwa Matye a kouvri pi plis evènman apre nesans lan epi li santre sou Jozèf.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=556}}<ref name="marsh37">{{cite book |title=Jesus and the Gospels |last=Marsh |first=Clive |author-last2=Moyise|author-first2= Steve |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-567-04073-2 |page=37 |publisher=Clark International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907095218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Morris|1992|page=26}} Tou de istwa deklare Mari te fiyanse ak yon nonm ki rele Jozèf, ki te desandan Wa David epi ki pat papa byolojik Jezi, epi tou de sipòte doktrin [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|nesans vyèj Jezi a]], dapre sa Jezi te konsevwa nan yon fason mirakilè pa [[Sentespri]] nan vant Mari lè li te toujou vyèj.<ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=David L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |title=A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-85244-224-1 |pages=538–540 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=30–37}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-26036-7 |pages=96–100 |publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> An menm tan, gen prèv, omwen nan ''Travay Apot yo'' Lik la, ke yo te panse Jezi te gen, tankou anpil figi nan ansyènte, yon doub patènite, paske la yo di li desandan nan semans oswa nan rèl David.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lincoln |first=Andrew T. |date=2013 |title=Luke and Jesus' Conception: A Case of Double Paternity? |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=639–658 |jstor=23487891 |issn=0021-9231}}</ref> Lè Jozèf [[Adopsyon nan jidayis|pran Jezi kòm pwòp pitit li]], yo konprann li ba li desandans davidik ki nesesè a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |last1=Lincoln|first1=Andrew T. |title=Conceiving Jesus: re-examining Jesus' conception in canon, Christology, and creed|publisher=The Severn Forum|date=5 March 2015|page= 4 |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=10 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510100248/http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk chèchè ki sigjere Jezi te gen eritaj [[Levit|levit]] nan bò Mari, dapre relasyon san li ak [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]].<ref>For example, {{citation |title=Carmen 18}}</ref> [[File:Bellini-circumcision-NG1455-fm.jpg|thumb|alt=74.9 × 102.2&nbsp;cm|''Sikonsizyon'' pa [[Giovanni Bellini]], {{circa|1500|lk=no}}. Tablo a dekri [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsizyon Jezi]].]] Nan Matye, Jozèf boulvèse paske Mari, fiyanse li, [[Gwosès|ansent]],<ref>[[Matye 1:19]]–[[Matye 1:20|20]].</ref> men nan premye [[Rèv Sen Jozèf|kat rèv Jozèf]], yon zanj asire l pou l pa pè pran Mari kòm madanm li paske pitit li a te konsevwa pa Sentespri.<ref name="Talbert">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=Charles H. |last=Talbert |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8010-3192-2 |publisher=Baker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |pages=29–30 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan [[Matye 2:1]]–[[Matye 2:12|12]], [[Mag biblik yo|saj]] oswa [[Mag]] ki soti nan [[Oryan]] pote kado bay jenn Jezi kòm [[Jezi, Wa jwif yo|Wa jwif yo]]. Yo jwenn li nan yon kay Betleyèm. [[Ewòd Gran]] tande pale de nesans Jezi epi, tankou li te vle touye l, [[Masak inosan yo|bay lòd pou touye tout ti gason]] nan Betleyèm ak anviwon li. Men, yon zanj avèti Jozèf nan dezyèm rèv li, epi fanmi an [[Sove ale an Ejip|sove ale an Ejip]], answit li retounen epi li etabli nan Nazarèt.<ref name="Talbert" />{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Schnackenburg |first=Rudolf |title=The Gospel of Matthew |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8028-4438-5 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |pages=9–11 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052207/https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Lik 1:31–38, Mari aprann nan men zanj [[Gabriyèl]] ke l ap konsevwa epi bay nesans a yon pitit ki rele Jezi atravè aksyon Sentespri.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> Lè Mari prèt pou akouche, li menm ak Jozèf vwayaje soti nan Nazarèt pou ale nan vil zansèt Jozèf, Betleyèm, pou anrejistre nan resansman [[Sezar Ogis]] te bay lòd fè a. Pandan yo la, Mari bay Jezi nesans, epi kòm yo pa jwenn plas nan oberj la, li mete ti bebe a nan yon [[Manje bèt|manje bèt]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:1–7}}.</ref> Yon [[Anons bay bèje yo|zanj anonse nesans lan bay yon gwoup bèje]], ki ale Betleyèm pou wè Jezi epi answit gaye nouvèl la toupatou.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:8–20}}.</ref> Lik 2:21 rakonte kijan Jozèf ak Mari [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsi ti bebe a nan wityèm jou apre nesans]] epi bay li non Jezi, jan Gabriyèl te kòmande Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:21}}.</ref> Apre [[Prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan|prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan]], Jozèf, Mari ak Jezi retounen Nazarèt.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> === Premye ane, fanmi ak pwofesyon === [[File:William Holman Hunt - The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''[[Jwenn Sovè a nan Tanp lan]]'' pa [[William Holman Hunt]], 1860|alt=Mari ak Jozèf jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan]] Levanjil Lik ak Matye idantifye Nazarèt, yon vil nan [[Galile]] ki nan [[Izrayèl]] jodi a, kòm kay anfans Jezi, kote li te viv ak fanmi li. Byenke Jozèf parèt nan deskripsyon anfans Jezi, pa gen okenn mansyon sou li apre sa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Perrotta |first=Louise B. |title=Saint Joseph: His Life and His Role in the Church Today |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87973-573-9 |pages=21, 110–112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Reverend Archdeacon Kinane |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138 |title=Saint Joseph: His Life, His Virtues, His Privileges, His Power |page=138 |chapter=Section VI – The perpetual virginity of St. Joseph |publisher=Aeterna Press|access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230526/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Lòt manm fanmi li yo, gen ladan yo manman l Mari; [[Frè Jezi yo|kat frè li yo]], [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jezi|Jozès (oswa Jozèf)]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]; ak sè li yo ki pa gen non, mansyone nan Levanjil yo ak lòt sous.<ref>{{cite book |title=Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth |last=Aslan |first=Reza |author-link=Reza Aslan |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |page=[https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756 36] |isbn=978-1-4000-6922-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756}}</ref> Yo rele grann ak granpapa Jezi nan bò manman l [[Jowakim]] ak [[Sen Ann|Ann]] nan [[Levanjil Jak|Levanjil Jak la]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim |page=194 |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-134-50949-2 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230540/https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim#v=snippet&q=joachim&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Lik la anrejistre ke Mari te fanmi [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]], manman Jan Batis.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Luke|1:5, 36|KJV}}.</ref> Gen kèk sous ekstrabiblik kontanporen ki konsidere Jezi ak Jan Batis kòm kouzen jèmen, sou baz kwayans Elizabèt te pitit fi [[Sobe (sè Sen Ann)|Sobe]], sè Ann.<ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 97.1325.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 120.189.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 145.760 ([[Nicephorus Callistus|Nicéphore Callistus]], ''Historia ecclesiastica'', 2.3).</ref> Levanjil Mak rapòte ke nan kòmansman [[Ministè Jezi|ministè li]], Jezi antre an konfli ak vwazen ak fanmi li.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Manman l ak frè l yo vin chèche l<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:31–35}}.</ref> paske moun ap di [[Sante mantal Jezi|li pèdi tèt li]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:21}}.</ref> Jezi reponn ke disip li yo se vre fanmi li. Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi ak manman l ale nan yon [[Nòs Kana|nòs Kana]], kote li fè premye mirak li sou demann li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:1–11}}.</ref> Pita, li prezan nan krisifiksyon li, epi li eksprime enkyetid pou byennèt li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|19:25–27}}.</ref> Yo rele Jezi yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} ({{tlit|grc|[[tektōn]]}}) nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#6:3|Mak 6:3]], yon tèm ke yo tradisyonèlman konprann kòm "bòs bòs" men ki ka refere tou a moun ki fabrike objè nan divès materyo, ladan yo konstriktè.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry G. |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |title=An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon: The Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek–English Lexicon |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1889 |page=797}}</ref>{{sfn|Dickson|2008|pp=68–69}} Kòm tèm nan gen yon gwo laj siyifikasyon ak "reyalite sosyo-istorik yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} nazarèn komen", Matthew K. Robinson, yon minis ak akademisyen, prefere tradui {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} kòm 'konstriktè-atizan'.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Matthew K. |title="Is This Not the Τέκτων?": Revisiting Jesus's Vocation in Mark 6:3 |journal=Neotestamentica |date=2021 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=431–445 |doi=10.1353/neo.2021.0038}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Robinson |url=https://www.theology.ox.ac.uk/people/matthew-robinson |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> Levanjil yo endike Jezi te kapab li, parafraze ak diskite Ekriti yo, men sa pa nesesèman vle di li te resevwa yon fòmasyon fòmèl kòm eskrib.<ref>{{Atik ansiklopedik|year=2001 |title=Context, family and formation |encyclopedia=Cambridge companion to Jesus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |access-date=14 August 2015 |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |editor-last=Bockmuehl |editor-first=Markus N. A. |pages=14, 21 |isbn=978-0-521-79678-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907175830/https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live|doi=10.1017/CCOL0521792614.002}}</ref> Levanjil Lik rapòte de vwayaj Jezi ak paran li nan Jerizalèm pandan anfans li. Yo vin nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] pou [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezantasyon Jezi]] kòm ti bebe an akò ak lalwa jwif la, kote yon nonm ki rele [[Simeyon (Levanjil Lik)|Simeyon]] fè yon pwofesi sou Jezi ak Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:22–35}}.</ref> Lè Jezi, a laj douz an, pèdi nan yon pèlerinaj Jerizalèm pou [[Pak jwif|Pak jwif la]], paran li jwenn li nan [[Jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan|Tanp lan]] chita nan mitan metèd yo, k ap koute yo epi poze kesyon, epi moun yo sezi pou entèlijans li ak repons li yo. Mari repwoche Jezi paske li te pèdi, epi Jezi reponn li dwe "nan kay Papa l".<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:41–52}}.</ref> === Batèm ak tantasyon === {{Main|Batèm Jezi|Tantasyon Kris}} [[File:El bautismo de Jesús, por José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Batèm Jezi|Batèm Kris]] pa [[Jan Batis]]'', pa [[Almeida Júnior]], 1895|alt=Jan batize Jezi. Sentespri a, an fòm yon toutrèl, anwo l.]] [[Levanjil sinoptik yo]] dekri [[Batèm Jezi|batèm Jezi]] nan [[Rivyè Jouden|Rivyè Jouden an]] ak [[Tantasyon Kris|tantasyon li te fè fas]] pandan karant jou li te pase nan [[Dezè Jide a]] kòm preparasyon pou ministè piblik li.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sheen |first=Fulton J. |title=Life of Christ |year=2008 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-385-52699-9 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165309/https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan chak istwa sa yo, istwa batèm Jezi a vini apre enfòmasyon sou Jan Batis.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=141–143}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}} Yo montre Jan k ap preche repantans pou padon peche, ankouraje moun bay [[Lamòn|lamòn]] bay malere,<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke||3:11}}.</ref> batize moun nan rejyon Rivyè Jouden an anviwon [[Pere]], epi anonse vini yon moun "ki pi pwisan" pase l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:16}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Eerdmans commentary on the Bible |first1=James D. G. |last1=Dunn |first2=John W. |last2=Rogerson |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0 |page=1010 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> [[File:Ary Scheffer - The Temptation of Christ (1854).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Jezi ak Dyab la dekri nan ''[[Tantasyon Kris|Tantasyon Kris la]]'', pa [[Ary Scheffer]], 1854]] Nan Levanjil Mak, Jan Batis batize Jezi, epi lè Jezi soti nan dlo a, li wè [[Sentespri]] ap desann sou li tankou yon toutrèl, epi yon vwa soti nan syèl la pou deklare l Pitit Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:9–11}}.</ref> Se youn nan de evènman Levanjil yo dekri kote yon vwa ki soti nan Syèl la refere a Jezi kòm "Pitit", lòt la se [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|Transfigirasyon an]].{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs">{{cite book |last1=Harding|first1=Mark|title=The Content and the Setting of the Gospel Tradition|last2=Nobbs|first2=Alanna|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8028-3318-1|pages=281–282}}</ref> Answit Lespri a pouse l ale nan dezè a, kote [[Satan]] tante l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:12–13}}.</ref> Apre arestasyon Jan, Jezi kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:14}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Matye, lè Jezi vin kote Jan pou l batize, Jan pwoteste, li di, "Se mwen ki bezwen batize pa ou."<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:14}}.</ref> Jezi di l pou l kontinye ak batèm lan "pou nou akonpli tout jistis".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:15}}.</ref> Answit Matye rakonte twa tantasyon espesifik Satan ofri Jezi nan dezè a.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|4:3–11}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Lik, Sentespri a desann an fòm kò, tankou yon toutrèl, apre tout pèp la fin batize epi pandan Jezi ap [[Prayers of Jesus|priye]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:21–22}}.</ref> Pita, Jan rekonèt Jezi implicitman lè li voye disip li yo poze kesyon sou li.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|7:18–23}}.</ref> Lik dekri tou twa tantasyon Jezi te fè eksperyans nan dezè a anvan li kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|4:1–14}}.</ref> Levanjil Jan an pa rakonte batèm ak tantasyon Jezi.{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Jesus Christ}} Pito, Jan Batis temwaye ke li wè Lespri a desann epi rete sou Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:32}}.</ref>{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&pg=PA292 292]}} Jan pwoklame Jezi piblikman kòm [[Ti Mouton Bondye a]], epi kèk nan disip Jan yo vin disip Jezi.{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=17–62}} Anvan yo mete Jan nan prizon, Jezi mennen disip li yo batize,<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:22–24}}.</ref> epi yo batize plis moun pase Jan.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|4:1}}.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Ministry"></span> Ministè piblik === <!-- Anchor names for incoming section link(s) from other page(s) --> {{Main|Ministè Jezi}} [[File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg|thumb|''Diskou sou mòn lan'', pa [[Carl Bloch]], 1877, dekri [[Diskou sou mòn lan|diskou enpòtan Jezi a]].|alt=Jezi chita sou yon mòn, k ap preche yon foul moun]] Levanjil sinoptik yo dekri de gwo kad jewografik nan ministè Jezi. Premye a se Galile, nan nò [[Jide]], kote Jezi fè yon ministè ki gen gwo siksè; dezyèm lan se Jerizalèm, kote yo rejte l epi touye l.<ref name="ISBEO">{{cite web |year=1939 |editor-last=Orr |editor-first=James |title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online |url=http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817024703/http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> Souvan yo rele l "[[Rabi|rabi]]",<ref name="ISBEO" /> Jezi bay mesaj li oralman.<ref name="Dunn2013">{{cite book |last=Dunn |first=James D. G. |title=The Oral Gospel Tradition |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=2013 |pages=290–291}}</ref> Nan istwa sa yo, li entèdi moun ki rekonèt li kòm mesi a—ladan yo moun li geri ak move lespri li ekzòsize yo—pale sou sa (gade [[Sekrè mesyanik|Sekrè mesyanik la]]).{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}} Kontrèman, Levanjil Jan an prezante ministè Jezi kòm ki te fèt sitou nan ak alantou Jerizalèm olye de nan Galile, epi nati divin li pwoklame ak rekonèt pi ouvètman.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Chèchè yo souvan divize ministè Jezi an plizyè etap. Ministè nan Galile a kòmanse lè Jezi retounen Galile apati [[Dezè Jide a]] apre li fin reziste tantasyon [[Satan]]. Answit li preche toupatou nan Galile, epi nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–20]], [[Premye disip Jezi yo|premye disip li yo]]—ki pita pral fòme nwayo Legliz la—rankontre l epi kòmanse swiv li.{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}} Peryòd sa a gen ladan l [[Diskou sou mòn lan]], youn nan gwo diskou Jezi yo,{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermon on the mount: a theological investigation |first=Carl G. |last=Vaught |year=2001 |publisher=Baylor University Press |isbn=978-0-918954-76-3 |pages=xi–xiv}}</ref> ansanm ak [[Kalme tanpèt la|kalmman tanpèt la]], [[Miltiplikasyon pen yo pou 5 000 moun|manje 5 000 moun yo]], [[Jezi mache sou dlo|mache sou dlo]], ak plizyè lòt mirak ak [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]].{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=143–160}} Li fini ak [[Konfesyon Pyè|Konfesyon Pyè a]] ak Transfigirasyon an.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Transfiguration, The |encyclopedia=The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Thought: Son of Man-Tremellius V11 |isbn=978-1-4286-3189-2 |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls |year=1909 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |page=493 |last=Nash |first=Henry S. |editor-first=Samuel M. |editor-last=Jackson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052036/https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Barton132">{{cite book |last=Barton |first=Stephen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994 |title=The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels |date=23 November 2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80766-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994/page/n138 132]–133 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pandan Jezi ap vwayaje pou Jerizalèm, nan sa yo souvan rele ministè Pere a, li retounen nan rejyon kote yo te batize l la, apeprè yon tyè wout pou desann soti nan [[Lak Galile|Lak Galile a]] sou Rivyè Jouden an.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#10:40|Jan 10:40–42]].</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=137}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=211–229}} [[Ministè Jezi#Final ministry in Jerusalem|Dènye faz ministè li a]], nan Jerizalèm, kòmanse ak [[Antre triyonfal nan Jerizalèm|antre triyonfal li]] nan vil la nan [[Dimanch Ram]].{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} Nan Levanjil sinoptik yo, pandan semèn sa a Jezi [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|chase machann lajan yo]] nan [[Dezyèm Tanp lan]], epi [[Maché Jida a|Jida fè yon maché pou trayi]] li. Peryòd sa a kilmine nan [[Dènye Soupe a]] epi, nan istwa Jan an, nan [[Diskou orevwa a]].{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=257–274}} ==== Disip ak swivan ==== {{Main|Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|Voye douz apot yo}} [[File:Brooklyn Museum - The Exhortation to the Apostles (Recommandation aux apôtres) - James Tissot.jpg|thumb|''Egzòtasyon bay apot yo'', pa [[James Tissot]], dekri Jezi k ap pale ak douz disip li yo.]] Nan kòmansman ministè li, Jezi [[Voye douz apot yo|chwazi douz apot]]. Nan Matye ak Mak, Jezi rele kat premye apot li yo, ki se pechè, epi yo dekri yo kite filè yo imedyatman pou swiv li.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–22]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#1:16|Mak 1:16–20]].</ref> Nan Jan, de premye apot Jezi yo te disip Jan Batis okòmansman; Batis la wè Jezi epi rele l Ti Mouton Bondye a, epi de moun yo, ki tande sa, kòmanse swiv Jezi.{{sfn|Brown|1988|pp=25–27}}{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=292–293}} Anplis douz apot yo, entwodiksyon [[Diskou sou plenn nan]] nan Lik idantifye yon gwoup moun ki pi gran kòm disip.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#6:17|Lik 6:17]].</ref> Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#10:1|Lik 10:1–16]], Jezi voye [[Swasanndis disip yo|70 oswa 72 swivan li yo]] de pa de pou prepare vil yo pou vizit li yo pral fè: yo enstwi yo pou yo aksepte òspitalite, geri malad yo, epi pwoklame [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=The Gospel According to Luke |encyclopedia=New Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament |publisher=Liturgical Press |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |page=255 |first=Michael F. |last=Patella |editor-first=Daniel |editor-last=Durken |isbn=978-0-8146-3260-4 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910044704/https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== <span class="anchor" id="Teachings and preachings"></span> Ansèyman ak mirak ==== [[File:Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg|thumb|''[[Jezi ak jenn gason rich la]]'' pa [[Heinrich Hofmann (painter)|Heinrich Hofmann]], 1889]] Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi anseye anpil—souvan nan [[Parabòl|parabòl]]{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=316–346}}—sou Wayòm Bondye a. Jezi pale tou de "[[Pitit Lonm nan]]", yon figi [[Apokalips|apokaliptik]] ki pral vin rasanble moun yo chwazi yo.<ref name="Britannica" /> Jezi mande moun repanti de peche yo epi devwe tèt yo antyèman a Bondye.<ref name="Britannica">{{Britannica |id=303091 |title=Jesus Christ |first1=E.&nbsp;P. |last1=Sanders |first2=Jaroslav J. |last2=Pelikan}}</ref> Li enstwi disip li yo pou yo respekte [[Lalwa jwif la|lalwa jwif la]], byenke gen kèk nan moun ki te viv ansanm avè l ki wè l kòm moun ki vyole lalwa a li menm, pa egzanp nan [[Saba|obsèvans saba a]].<ref name="Britannica" /> Lè yo mande l ki [[Gran kòmandman an|pi gran kòmandman an]], Jezi reponn: "Se pou ou renmen Senyè Bondye ou ak tout kè ou, ak tout nanm ou, ak tout lespri ou ... Epi yon dezyèm ki sanble ak li: 'Se pou ou renmen pwochen ou tankou tèt ou.{{'"}}<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#22:37|Matye 22:37–39]].</ref> Lòt ansèyman etik ki atribiye a Jezi gen ladan yo [[Matye 5:44|renmen lènmi ou yo]], abstni nan [[Rayisman|rayisman]] ak [[Konvwatiz|konvwatiz]], [[Prezante lòt jou a|prezante lòt jou a]], ak [[Padon|padone]] moun ki fè nou peche.<ref>[[Diskou sou mòn lan|Matye 5–7]].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stassen |first1=Glen H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |title=Kingdom Ethics: Following Jesus in Contemporary Context |last2=Gushee |first2=David P. |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8308-2668-1 |pages=102–103, 138–140, 197–198, 295–298 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226062140/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Jan an prezante ansèyman Jezi pa sèlman kòm pwòp predikasyon li men kòm [[Revelasyon|revelasyon]] divin. Pa egzanp, Jan Batis di nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#3:34|Jan 3:34]]: "Moun Bondye voye a pale pawòl Bondye, paske li bay Lespri a san mezi." Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#7:16|Jan 7:16]], Jezi di, "Ansèyman mwen an pa pou mwen men pou moun ki voye m lan." Li repete sa nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#14:10|Jan 14:10]]: "Eske nou pa kwè mwen nan Papa a epi Papa a nan mwen? Pawòl mwen di nou yo, mwen pa di yo pou kont mwen; men se Papa a ki rete nan mwen an ki fè zèv li yo."<ref name="Osborn-1993" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Köstenberger |first=Andreas J. |title=The missions of Jesus and the disciples according to the Fourth Gospel |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8028-4255-8 |pages=108–109}}</ref> [[File:Pompeo Batoni 003.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|''[[Pitit pèdi a|Retou Pitit pèdi a]]'' pa [[Pompeo Batoni]], 1773]] Apeprè 30 parabòl reprezante anviron yon tyè nan ansèyman Jezi anrejistre yo.<ref name="Osborn-1993">{{cite book |first=Eric F. |last=Osborn |year=1993 |title=The emergence of Christian theology |url=https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo |url-access=limited |isbn=978-0-521-43078-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo/page/n115 98] |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1998 |title=The parables of Jesus: lessons in life from the Master Teacher |isbn=978-0-8254-9715-5 |page=10 |publisher=Kregel}}</ref> Parabòl yo parèt toude andedan sèmon ki pi long ak nan lòt kote nan naratif la.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermons of Jesus the Messiah |first=E. Keith |last=Howick |year=2003 |publisher=WindRiver |isbn=978-1-886249-02-8 |pages=7–9}}</ref> Yo souvan gen senbolis ladan yo epi tipikman yo konekte aspè mond fizik la ak reyalite [[Espirityalite|espirityèl]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Friedrich G. |last=Lisco |year=1850 |title=The Parables of Jesus |publisher=Daniels and Smith Publishers |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ/page/n12 9]–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Ashton |last=Oxenden |year=1864 |title=The parables of our Lord? |publisher=William Macintosh Publishers |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ/page/n15 6] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Tèm komen yo gen ladan yo bonte ak jenerozite Bondye, ansanm ak danje ak konsekans transgresyon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |title=Interpreting the Parables |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2012 |page=448 |isbn=978-0-8308-3967-4 |first=Craig L. |last=Blomberg |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910175429/https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk parabòl, tankou sa [[Pitit pèdi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#15:11|Lik 15:11–32]].</ref> ki relativman senp, pandan gen lòt, tankou [[Parabòl grenn k ap grandi a|Grenn k ap grandi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#4:26|Mak 4:26–29]].</ref> ki pi konplèks, pwofon epi difisil pou entèprete.<ref>{{cite web |first=Madeleine I. |last=Boucher |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |title=The Parables |website=Frontline|publisher=PBS |access-date=3 June 2013 |archive-date=10 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810144100/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Lè disip li yo mande l poukisa li pale ak pèp la an parabòl, Jezi reponn disip li chwazi yo te resevwa dwa "konnen sekrè Wayòm syèl la", kontrèman ak rès yo, epi li ajoute: "Paske moun ki genyen, y ap bay li plis epi li pral gen anpil. Men moun ki pa genyen, y ap retire menm sa li genyen an", epi li kontinye di ke pifò nan jenerasyon yo a gen "kè di" epi pou sa yo pa kapab konprann.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#13:10|Matye 13:10–17]].</ref> [[File:Christ cleans leper man.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Jezi geri yon lèp|Jezi ap geri yon lèp]], [[Mozayik|mozayik]] medyeval nan [[Katedral Monreale]], fen 12yèm syèk jiska mitan 13yèm syèk|alt=Jezi, ak yon oreyòl alantou tèt li, poze men l sou yon lèp, konsa li geri l]] Nan istwa levanjil yo, Jezi konsakre yon bon pati nan ministè li pou fè [[Mirak|mirak]], sitou gerizon.{{sfn|Green|McKnight |Marshall|1992|p=299}} Souvan yo klase mirak sa yo an de gwo kategori: mirak gerizon ak mirak sou nati.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=350}}{{sfn|Levine|2006|p=4}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Charlesworth |first1=James H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |title=The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide |date=2008 |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6 |page=113 |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221947/https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak gerizon yo gen ladan yo gerizon maladi fizik, [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]],{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}}{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|p=298}} ak [[Mirak Jezi#Resurrection of the dead|rezirèksyon mò yo]].{{sfn|Green|McKnight|Marshall|1992|p=300}}<ref name="Oxford Companion" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Tabor |first=James |date=22 March 2013 |title=What the Bible Says About Death, Afterlife, and the Future |url=https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823115040/https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |archive-date=23 August 2016 |access-date=13 June 2015 |publisher=UNCC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hoekema |first=Anthony A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |title=The Bible and the Future |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-85364-624-2 |pages=88–89 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak sou nati yo montre otorite sou mond natirèl la epi yo gen ladan yo [[Chanje dlo an diven|chanje dlo an diven]], mache sou dlo, ak kalme yon tanpèt, pami lòt. Jezi atribiye mirak li yo a yon sous divin. Lè opozan l yo akize l chase move lespri ak pouvwa [[Belzebi]], prens move lespri yo, li reponn li fè sa pa "Lespri Bondye" ([[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#12:28|Matye 12:28]]) oswa "dwèt Bondye", e li di li ta ilojik pou Satan mine pwòp domèn li; li mande tou, si li ekzòsize pa Belzebi, "pa ki moun pitit nou yo chase yo?"<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#11:20|Lik 11:20]].</ref><ref name="Britannica" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |title=Zondervan King James Version Commentary: New Testament |last2=Mitchell |first2=Daniel R. |publisher=Zondervan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-310-25150-7 |page=100 |first1=Edward E. |last1=Hindson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910171333/https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Matye 12:31–32, li di anplis ke byenke tout kalite peche, ladan yo "ensilt kont Bondye" oswa "ensilt kont Pitit Lonm nan", ka padone, blasfèm kont "[[Sentespri]] la" p ap janm padone, epi moun ki koupab yo pote peche yo pou tout tan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 12:31-32 - New International Version|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2012%3A31-32&version=NIV|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=30 January 2026}}</ref> Nan Jan, yo dekri mirak Jezi yo kòm "siy", ke li fè pou montre misyon ak idantite li.<ref name="Sign" />{{sfn|Ehrman|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0/page/84 84]}} Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, lè kèk metèd lalwa ak farizyen mande l yon siy mirakilè pou valide otorite li, Jezi refize,<ref name="Sign">{{cite book |title=Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology |year=2001 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-3717-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 198] |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 |first1=Paul J. |last1=Achtemeier |first2=Joel B. |last2=Green |first3=Marianne M. |last3=Thompson}}</ref> li di pa pral gen okenn siy pou yon jenerasyon koripte ak mechan eksepte siy pwofèt [[Jonas]] la. Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, foul moun yo anjeneral reponn ak mirak li yo ak sezisman epi yo prese sou li pou l geri malad yo, pandan nan Jan, yo dekri Jezi kòm mwens bride pa foul yo, ki souvan reponn siy li yo ak lafwa ak konfyans.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=236}} Yon karakteristik komen nan tout naratif mirak yo se ke Jezi fè yo gratis epi li pa mande ni aksepte peman.<ref>{{cite book |last=van der Loos |first=Hendrik |title=The Miracles Of Jesus |year=1965 |publisher=Brill |page=197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165838/https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |url-status=live}}</ref> Istwa mirak yo souvan melanje ak ansèyman, epi mirak yo menm souvan gen yon dimansyon [[Metòd didaktik|didaktik]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The words and works of Jesus Christ |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-310-30940-6 |page=212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |publisher=Zondervan |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910063513/https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Twelftree|1999 |p=95}} Anpil ladan yo mete aksan sou enpòtans lafwa: nan [[Geri dis lèp yo|geri dis lèp yo]] ak [[Leve pitit fi Jayis la|leve pitit fi Jayis la]], pa egzanp, yo di moun ki benefisye yo ke gerizon yo soti nan lafwa yo.{{sfn|Donahue|Harrington |2002|p=182}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Lockyer |first=Herbert |year=1988 |title=All the Miracles of the Bible |isbn=978-0-310-28101-6 |page=235 |publisher=Zondervan}}</ref> Nan ''A Marginal Jew'', chèchè [[John P. Meier]] defann ke "tradisyon mirak sou ministè piblik Jezi yo deja tèlman byen ateste nan divès sous" ke nenpòt "fabrikasyon total pa premye Legliz la, pale an pratik, enposib". Li baze sa sou sous literè tankou Levanjil Matye, Lik ak Jan, ansanm ak ekri istoryen Jozèf (Josephus). Meier sipoze ke "kritè atestasyon miltip sous ak fòm" sipòte konklizyon ke Jezi te fè "zèv eksepsyonèl" ke kontanporen li yo te konsidere kòm mirak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=John Meier |url=http://archive.org/details/Marginal-Jew_vol-2_Meier_1994 |title=A Marginal Jew/Маргинальный еврей |date=November 1994}}</ref> Chèchè [[Paul J. Achtemeier]] sipoze ke mirak sa yo pat inik a Jezi nan mond ansyen an epi yo te konsidere yo kòm ambigi menm pa temwen ki te wè yo. Li note ke Jezi gen chans te fè zèv yo te konprann kòm ekzòsis, ki te "aksepte kòm reyalite pa kontanporen li yo", men yo pa ta dwe konsidere yo kòm gen "valè prèv konsènan Jezi", paske temwen yo te kapab reklame li t ap travay swa ak Satan swa ak Bondye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Achtemeier |first=Paul J. |date=1975 |title=Miracles and the Historical Jesus: A Study of Mark 9:14-29 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43714056 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=471–491 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> Chèchè [[Gregory Sterling]] obsève ke, nan ka sipoze ekzòsis Jezi yo, "Pou Galileyen premye syèk la ki te kwè nan prezans pèsonèl mal an fòm move lespri, zèv Jezi a te yon validasyon ministè li."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sterling |first=Gregory E. |date=1993 |title=Jesus as Exorcist: An Analysis of Matthew 17:14-20; Mark 9:14-29; Luke 9:37-43a |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43721315 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=467–493 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> 8d22zsa2es54wayssm2ywcnblm6bx1r 889171 889170 2026-10-23T05:53:37Z Kitanago 19629 /* Ansèyman ak mirak */ 889171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | non = Jezi Kris | imaj = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | taille image = 200 | lejand = [[Christ pantocrator (Sinaï)|Christ pantocrator nan monastè Sent-Katrin Sinaï]], {{sap-|VI}} | tit = [[Jezi Nazarèt]] ak Pitit Bondye a | dat nesans = ant [[7 av. J.-K.|7]] ak [[5 av. J.-K.|5 anvan epòk nou an]] | lye nesans = [[Bètleyèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]), selon Levanjil yo ; [[Nazarèt]] nan [[Galile (rejyon)|Galile]], selon yon majorite istoryen. | dat lanmò = ant [[30]] et [[33]]<ref>Aujourd'hui, la très grande majorité des chercheurs donnent 30 ou 33, selon la longueur qu'ils estiment du ministère de Jésus, mais selon la tradition, il est mort à trente-trois ans : selon ses dates supposées de naissance, cela donne entre 26 et 28 ; cf. {{chapitre|langue=en|prénom1=Stanley E.|nom1=Porter|titre chapitre=Chronology of the New Testament|auteurs ouvrage=David Noel Freedman et Allen C. Myers (dirs.)|titre ouvrage=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|éditeur=Amsterdam University Press|année=2000|isbn=9789053565032|passage=250}}. Quelques-uns donnent 29 et une petite minorité va jusqu'à 36 ; voir la synthèse de {{Ouvrage|prénom1=Raymond E.|nom1=Brown|lien auteur1=Raymond Edward Brown|titre=La Mort du Messie|éditeur=[[Éditions Bayard|Bayard]]|année=2005|pages totales=1695|passage=1552|isbn=978-2-227-35025-0}} </ref> | lye lanmò = [[Jerizalèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]) | laj lanmò = Anviwon 35 an | non nesans = | lòt non = [[Jezi Nazarèt]]<br />[[Mesi]]<br />[[Trinite (chrisyanis)|Bondye]] | nasyonalite = }} '''Jezi'''{{efn|{{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{transliteration|grc|Iēsoús}}, gen chans soti nan {{langx|he|יֵשׁוּעַ|label=[[Lang ebre|ebre]] oswa [[Arameyen|arameyen]]}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{tlit|und|[[Yeshua|Yēšūaʿ]]}} }} ({{circa|6 a 4 anvan Jezikri}}<!-- "By collating the gospel accounts with historical data and using various other methods, most scholars arrive at a date of birth between 6 and 4 BC for Jesus, though scholarly arguments for a date of birth between 7 and 1 BC have been made" in 'Chronology' section -->{{snd}}ane 30 oswa 33 apre Jezikri), ke yo rele tou '''Jezikri''',{{efn|[[Kopt (lang)|Kopt]]: {{lang|cop|Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ́ρⲓⲥτⲟⲥ}}; [[Geʽez]]: {{lang|gez|መሲህ ኢየሱስ}}; [[Grèk koine|Grèk]]: {{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}; [[Ebre klasik|Ebre]]: {{lang|hbo|ישוע המשיח}}; [[Laten]]: {{lang|la|Iesus Christus}}; [[Slavon legliz|Slavon]]: {{lang|cu|І҆исоу́съ Хрїсто́съ}}; [[Siryak klasik|Siryak]]: {{lang|syc|ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ}}}} '''Jezi Nazarèt''', epi pa [[Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|lòt non ak tit]] ankò, se te yon predikatè [[Jwif|jwif]] ak [[Lis fondatè tradisyon relijye|lidè relijye]] ki te aktif nan [[Jide (pwovens women)|pwovens women Jide]] pandan 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} <!-- Do not merge these. Jesus is — not was — the central figure of Christianity. -->Li se [[Jezi nan Krisyanis|figi santral]] [[Krisyanis]], [[Gwo gwoup relijyon yo|pi gwo relijyon nan mond lan]]. Pifò [[Konfesyon kretyen|branch kretyen]] konsidere Jezi kòm [[Enkanasyon (Krisyanis)|enkanasyon]] [[Bondye Pitit la]] ak [[Mesi#Krisyanis|Mesi]] oswa [[Kris (tit)|Kris]] yo t ap tann nan. Istwa [[Lavi Jezi|lavi Jezi]] yo kontni nan [[Evanjil|Evanjil yo]], sitou nan [[Kat evanjil kanonik yo|kat evanjil kanonik]] [[Nouvo Testaman|Nouvo Testaman an]]. Depi [[Syèk Limyè yo]], [[Rechèch Jezi istorik la|rechèch akademik]] pwodui divès opinyon sou [[Fyabilite istorik evanjil yo|fyabilite istorik evanjil yo]] ak nan ki mezi yo reflete [[Jezi istorik|Jezi istorik la]],{{sfn|Powell|1998|pp=168–173}}{{efn|Ehrman ekri: "Lide ki di istwa evanjil yo pa konplètman egzak men yo toujou enpòtan pou verite relijye yo eseye transmèt la, se yon lide ki byen pataje nan mond chèchè yo, menmsi li pa byen konnen ni kwè deyò mond sa a."<ref>Bart D. Ehrman. [http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium']. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123155853/https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html |date=23 January 2019 }} Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.), The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24{{Clarify|reason=It's unclear if this citation is for one source or multiple sources. Is it a book or an audio lecture?|date=October 2025}}</ref><br />Sanders ekri: "Premye kretyen yo pa t ekri yon naratif sou lavi Jezi, men yo te itilize epi konsa konsève inite endividyèl yo—ti pasaj sou pawòl ak aksyon li. Pita, otè ak editè yo te deplase epi achte inite sa yo. [...] Gen kèk materyèl ki te revize epi gen lòt premye kretyen yo te kreye."{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=57}}}}{{Sfn|Bowman Jr.|Komoszewski|2019|p=22–23}}<ref>{{Cite journal|author-first1=Craig A. |author-last1=Evans|url=https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/54.1.1.pdf|title=Life-of-Jesus Research and the Eclipse of Mythology|journal=Theological Studies |volume=54 |year=1993|pages= 13–14|quote=First, the New Testament Gospels are now viewed as useful, if not essentially reliable, historical sources. Gone is the extreme skepticism that for so many years dominated gospel research. Representative of many is the position of E. P. Sanders and Marcus Borg, who have concluded that it is possible to recover a fairly reliable picture of the historical Jesus.}}</ref><!---- The following paragraph was created by consensus after considerable discussion by a variety of editors. Out of courtesy for this process, please discuss any proposed changes on the talk page before editing it. ----><!-- PLEASE READ THIS FIRST. The following references are WP:RS sources that are used per WP:RS/AC guideline. The issue has been discussed on the talk page at length See the "talk page FAQ" about it; it may answer your question. The main source says "scholars of antiquity", other sources say "scholars", "biblical scholars and classical historians" and "historians". Sources do not say "X scholars" or "Christian scholars", so do not modify it as such, for that will make it deviate from what the sources state. The source says "virtually all", so do NOT change it to "most", "several", "many", etc. Thank you. ----> men prèske tout chèchè modèn [[Ansyènte klasik|ansyènte]] dakò ke [[Istorisite Jezi|Jezi te egziste istorikman]].{{efn |name=exist|Nan yon revizyon etid modèn yo an 2011, [[Bart D. Ehrman]] te ekri, "Li sètènman te egziste, jan prèske tout chèchè konpetan ansyènte, kretyen kou pa kretyen, dakò sou sa."{{sfn|Ehrman|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376/page/n298 285]}} [[Richard A. Burridge]] di: "Gen moun ki sipòte lide ke Jezi se yon envansyon imajinasyon Legliz la, ke pat gen okenn Jezi menm. Mwen oblije di mwen pa konnen okenn chèchè kritik respektab ki di sa ankò."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jesus Now and Then |first1=Richard A. |last1=Burridge |first2=Graham |last2=Gould |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34 34] |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34}}</ref> [[Robert M. Price]] pa kwè Jezi te egziste men li dakò ke pèspektiv sa a kontrè ak opinyon majorite chèchè yo.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Robert M. |last=Price |title=Jesus at the Vanishing Point |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus: Five Views |editor-last1=Beilby |editor-last2=Eddy |year=2009 |publisher=InterVarsity |isbn=978-0-8308-7853-6 |editor-first=James K. |pages=55, 61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |editor2-first=Paul R. |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112540/https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[James D. G. Dunn]] rele teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo "yon tèz konplètman mouri".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Dunn|first=J. D. G.|author-link1=James Dunn (theologian)|title=Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus |encyclopedia=Sacrifice and Redemption |editor-first1=Stephen W. |editor-last1=Sykes |editor-link1= Stephen Sykes|year=2007 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511659522.005 |isbn=978-0-521-04460-8 |pages=35–36}}</ref> Dapre [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]] (yon [[Klasisis|klasisis]]), "Nan dènye ane yo [an 2004], 'okenn chèchè serye pa janm ozewa sipoze Jezi pa t egziste istorikman' oswa omwen trè piti, epi yo pa reyisi elimine prèv ki pi solid, vrèman abondan, ki di kontrè a."<ref>{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Grant |title=Jesus|publisher=Phoenix |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-684-14889-2 |page=200}}</ref> [[Robert E. Van Voorst]] di chèchè biblik ak istoryen klasik konsidere teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo kòm efektivman refite.{{sfn|Van Voorst|2000|p=16}} Nan yon atik pou ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', [[Candida Moss]] ak Joel Baden di, "gen yon konsansis prèske inivèsèl nan mitan chèchè biblik yo&nbsp;– pa vre yo omwen&nbsp;– ke Jezi te, an reyalite, yon vrè nonm."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |title=So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=5 October 2014 |author-first2=Joel |author-last2=Baden |author-link1=Candida Moss|author-first1=Candida |author-last1=Moss |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205210029/https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Dapre [[Tradisyon kretyen|tradisyon kretyen]], jan yo prezante l nan Evanjil yo ak [[Travay Apot yo]], Jezi [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|te sikonsi]] nan wityèm jou, [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezante]] nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] nan karantyèm jou. Jan [[Jan Batis]] te [[Batèm Jezi|batize]] li lè li te yon jenn adilt, epi apre [[Tantasyon Kris|40 jou ak 40 nwit]] jèn nan [[Dezè Jide a|dezè Jide a]], li te kòmanse [[Ministè Jezi|ministè piblik li]]. Li te yon [[Metèd vwayajè|metèd ekòl vwayajè]] ke disip li yo te kwè li te gen otorite divin pou entèprete [[Halakha|lalwa jwif la]]. Jezi souvan te diskite ak lòt jwif, pi souvan [[Farizyen|farizyen]] ak [[Sadiseyen|sadiseyen]], sou pi bon fason pou swiv [[Bondye nan jidayis|Bondye]]; li te fè gerizon; li te anseye nan [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]]; epi li te rasanble disip, 12 nan yo li te chwazi kòm [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li. Dapre istwa Nouvo Testaman yo, Jezi te arete nan [[Jerizalèm]] epi [[Jijman Jezi devan Sanedren an|jije]] pa [[Sanedren|Sanedren an]];{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=11}} apre sa yo te lanse l bay otorite women yo, epi li te [[Krisifiksyon Jezi|krisifye]] sou lòd [[Ponsyis Pilat]], prefè women [[Jide (pwovens women)|Jide]]. Nan [[Teyoloji kretyen|teyoloji kretyen]], [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|Rezirèksyon]] se evènman kote Jezi te leve soti vivan nan [[Lanmò|lanmò]], twa jou apre lanmò li, epi kwayans sa a te vin fondasyon [[Krisyanis primitif|Legliz kretyen primitif la]], ki te elaji nan yon [[Gaye Krisyanis|mouvman mondyal]].{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=11, 14}} Teyoloji kretyen gen ladan l kwayans ke Jezi te konsevwa pa [[Sentespri nan Krisyanis|Sentespri]], te [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|fèt nan yon vyèj]] ki rele [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], te fè [[Mirak Jezi|mirak]], te fonde [[Legliz kretyen|Legliz kretyen an]], te mouri sou kwa kòm yon sakrifis pou [[Ekspiyasyon nan Krisyanis|ekspiyasyon peche]], te leve soti vivan pa Bondye Papa a, epi te [[Asansyon Jezi|monte]] nan [[Syèl nan Krisyanis|Syèl la]], kote li pral retounen. Kretyen jeneralman kwè Jezi pèmèt moun [[Bondye nan Krisyanis|rekonsilye ak Bondye]]. [[Kredo Nise|Kredo Nise a]] afime Jezi pral [[Dènye Jijman|jije vivan yo ak mò yo]], swa [[Eta entèmedyè (Krisyanis)|anvan]] swa [[Mòtalis kretyen|apre]] [[Rezirèksyon mò yo#Krisyanis|rezirèksyon kò yo]], yon evènman ki asosye ak [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi|Dezyèm Vini Jezi a]] nan [[Eskatoloji kretyen|eskatoloji kretyen]]. Anpil branch kretyen konsidere Jezi kòm enkanasyon Bondye Pitit la, dezyèm nan twa [[prosopon|pèsòn]] [[Trinite|Trinite a]].{{efn|Yon ti minorite nan konfesyon kretyen rejte trinitarism, nèt oswa an pati, kòm ki pa nan Ekriti yo.}} [[Nesans Jezi]] nan vil [[Jide|jide]] [[Betleyèm]] nan selebre chak ane, jeneralman nan 25 desanm,{{efn|Pifò kretyen ak [[Alawit|alawit]] selebre Nwèl. Yon pati nan [[Krisyanis oryantal|legliz kretyen oryantal]] yo selebre Nwèl nan 25 desanm [[Kalandriye jilyen|kalandriye jilyen]], ki kounye a koresponn ak 7 janvye nan [[Kalandriye gregoryen|kalandriye gregoryen]]. Selebrasyon Nwèl yo kòmanse nan [[Veyè Nwèl]], jeneralman 24 desanm.}} kòm [[Nwèl]]. [[Krisifiksyon]] li komemore nan [[Vandredi Sen]] epi rezirèksyon li nan [[Dimanch Pak]]. [[Epòk kalandriye]] ki pi lajman itilize nan mond lan—kote ane aktyèl la se [[Anno Domini|AD]] {{CURRENTYEAR}} (oswa {{CURRENTYEAR}} [[Epòk komen|CE]])—tradisyonèlman baze sou [[Dat nesans Jezi|dat apwoksimatif nesans Jezi]].<ref>{{cite dictionary |year=2003 |title=anno Domini |dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Anno%20Domini |access-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222112520/http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/anno%20domini |archive-date=22 December 2007 |quote=Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of our Lord |url-status=live}}.</ref> [[Opinyon jwif sou Jezi|Jidayis dominan an rejte]] kwayans ke Jezi te mesi yo t ap tann nan, e li di li pat akonpli [[Mesi nan jidayis|pwofesi mesyanik yo]], li pat [[Onksyone|onksyone]] nan fòm lalwa, epi li pat ni divin ni resisite. Kontrèman, [[Jezi nan Islam]]{{efn|Souvan yo rele l pa non koranik li, {{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[Isa (non)|ʿĪsā]]}}}} konsidere kòm [[Mesi#Islam|mesi a]] ak yon [[Pwofèt ak mesaje nan Islam|pwofèt]] [[Bondye nan Islam|Bondye]], ki te voye bay [[Izrayelit|Izrayelit yo]] epi ki [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi#Islam|pral retounen sou Latè]] anvan [[Jou Jijman nan Islam|Jou Jijman an]]. [[Mizilman]] kwè Jezi te fèt nan vyèj [[Mari nan Islam|Mari]] men li pat ni Bondye ni pitit Bondye. Pifò Mizilman [[Opinyon islamik sou lanmò Jezi|pa kwè yo te touye l oswa krisifye l]], men Bondye [[Antre nan syèl vivan|te leve l nan Syèl la pandan li te toujou vivan]].{{efn|Gen kèk Mizilman nan Mwayennaj ki te kwè Jezi te krisifye, kon manm mouvman modèn Ahmadiyya a; gade {{slink||Islamic perspectives}}.}} Jezi tou venere nan [[Lafwa Bahayi]] ak [[Relijyon dwouz|relijyon dwouz]], ansanm ak nan [[Rastafari]]. {{TOC limit|3}} == Non == {{Further|Jezi (non)|Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|Non sen Jezi|Non Bondye nan Krisyanis}} [[File:JesusYeshua2.svg|thumb|Soti anwo agòch: transkripsyon [[Arameyen|arameyen]], [[Lang ebre|ebre]], [[Lang grèk|grèk]], [[Laten|laten]] ak angle non ''Jezi'']] Yon jwif nan tan Jezi souvan [[Non jwif|te gen yon sèl non]], pafwa swivi pa yon fraz [[Patwonim|patwonimik]] ki gen fòm "pitit [non papa a]", oswa pa vil kote li soti a.<ref name="Britannica" /> Konsa, nan Nouvo Testaman an, souvan yo refere a Jezi kòm "Jezi [[Nazarèt]]".{{efn|Atik sa a itilize sitasyon ki soti nan [[Nouvo Vèsyon Revize Estanda]] Bib la.}} Vwazen Jezi yo nan Nazarèt te rele l "bòs bòs la, pitit [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]] ak frè [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jak jenn nan|Jozès]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]", "pitit bòs bòs la", oswa "pitit [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]]"; nan [[Evanjil Jan|Evanjil Jan an]], disip [[Filip apot la|Filip]] rele l "Jezi pitit Jozèf, moun Nazarèt".<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:45}}</ref> Non ''Jezi'' se transliterasyon angle, atravè laten ''Iesus'', de {{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, ki se vèsyon grèk non ebre יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ ''Yehoshua'' (Yehōšuᵃʿ).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Greek: 2424. Ἰησοῦς (Iésous) -- Jesus |url=https://biblehub.com/greek/2424.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The Greek name corresponds to the Hebrew "Joshua."''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1">{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The name Jesus, in Greek, answers to Joshua, or rather, Jehoshuah, in Hebrew, which signifies Jehovah shall save;'' […] ''It was not without reason that the successor of Moses was called by this name; for, by subduing the Canaanites, and putting the tribes of Israel in possession of the promised land, he showed himself to be, under God, the Saviour of his people. But this name agrees much better to our Jesus, who both delivers his followers from much more dangerous enemies, and divides unto them a much more glorious inheritance.''}}</ref> Non ebre/[[Arameyen|arameyen]] sa a te komen nan mitan jwif [[Jide|jide]] yo nan epòk nesans Jezi,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Barnes' Notes |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''It was a very common name among the Jews.''}}</ref> byenke nan peryòd sa a li te deja rakousi an יֵשׁוּעַ ''[[Yeshua]]'' (Yešūᵃʿ);<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3442. יֵשׁ֫וּעַ (Yeshua) -- Yeshua, Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3442.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûaʿ) is the late, shortened spelling of the earlier name יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (Yehōšûaʿ, "Joshua").}}</ref> kontraksyon an te deja fèt nan liv biblik ki pi ta tankou [[Liv Neyemi|Neyemi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=H3442 - yēšûaʿ - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) |url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/gen/1/1/s_1001 |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=Blue Letter Bible |quote=''Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon: יֵשׁוּעַ [Jeshua] a contracted form of the proper name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ used in the later Hebrew ... proper name of other men, mentioned in the books of Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah''}}</ref> kote yo rele [[Jozye]] ''Yeshua''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehemiah 8:17 Hebrew Interlinear: ... for the sons of Israel had not done, from the days of '''Jeshua [יֵשׁוּעַ, Yeshua] son of Nun''' ... |url=https://biblehub.com/interlinear/nehemiah/8-17.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> Non an vle di "[[Tetragram|Bondye]] sove" an ebre, literalman "[[Yawe]] sove",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3091. יְהוֹשׁ֫וּעַ (Yehoshua) -- Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Both Joshua son of Nun and Jesus of Nazareth bear the name "Yahweh saves"''}}</ref> soti nan [[Rasin semitik|rasin]] ישׁע (''y-š-ʿ,'' 'sove') ak non יְשׁוּעָה (''yeshuah'', 'sali'). [[Evanjil Matye|Evanjil Matye a]] afime siyifikasyon etimolojik non Jezi a klèman nan pwofesi zanj lan bay Jozèf sou nesans li: "w ap rele l Jezi (Ἰησοῦς), paske l ap sove pèp li a anba peche yo".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:21}}.</ref> Chèchè yo bay enpòtans teyolojik a lefèt ke siksesè [[Moyiz]], [[Jozye]], pote menm non ak Jezi nan grèk, ebre ak arameyen orijinal yo, paske souvan yo fè yon paralèl ant de lidè yo ak etimoloji non yo pataje a ('sove'): Jozye mennen jwif yo nan [[Peyi Pwomiz la]], pandan nan Kretyen Jezi konprann kòm moun ki sove jwif ak [[Payen|payen]] anba peche yo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Matthew Poole's Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua had his name from the same word, because he was to be a temporal saviour to save the Jews, the whole body of the Jews, from the Canaanites their enemies. This Jesus was to save his people, all that should believe in his name, whether Jews or Gentiles, from their sins.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Vincent's Word Studies |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/vws/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Under Joshua the enemies of Israel were conquered, and the people established in the Promised Land. So Jesus leads his people in the fight with sin and temptation.''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua who led the Israelites into the Promised Land, and Joshua or Jeshua, who was high priest at the time of the return from the Babylonish Captivity, are types of Jesus Christ in respect both of work and name.''}}</ref> === Jezikri === {{Further|Kris (tit)}} Depi 1ye syèk la, kretyen yo souvan refere a Jezi kòm "Jezikri".{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=212}} Mo [[Kris (tit)|''Kris'']] la pa yon non bay men se te orijinèlman yon [[Twa fonksyon Kris la|tit oswa yon biwo]] ("Kris la"), ki vle di "[[Mesi|Mesi a]]".{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=30–31}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Theology of the New Testament |first=Rudolf K. |last=Bultmann |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-932792-93-5 |page=80 |publisher=Baylor University Press}}</ref> Tèm nan soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|[[wikt:Χριστός|Χριστός]]}} ({{tlit|grc|Christos}}),<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle= Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ |first=Anthony J. |last= Maas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Heil |first=John P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |title=Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-58983-482-8 |page=66 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173832/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> yon [[Kalk|kalk]] mo ebre {{lang|he|[[wikt:מָשִׁיחַ|משיח]]}} {{tlit|he|[[Mesi nan jidayis|mashiakh]]}} (Mašiᵃḥ), ki transliterasyone an angle kòm ''messiah''.{{sfn|Vine|1940|pp=274–275}} Tèm ebre a vle di "[[Onksyone|onksyone]]", soti nan vèb מָשַׁח (''mashaḥ''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 4886. מָשַׁח (mashach)|url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4886.htm|access-date=21 January 2026|website=biblehub.com|quote=Lexical summary: "to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint"}}</ref> Nan jidayis biblik la, [[Lwil onksyon sakre|lwil sakre]] te itilize pou onksyone kèk moun ak objè eksepsyonèlman sakre kòm yon pati nan envestitir relijyez yo.<ref>Gade [[Levitik]] 8:10–12 ak [[Egzòd 30]]:29.</ref> Nan [[Septant|Septant la]], yo te tradui mo ebre a an grèk kòm χριστός (''christos''), ki vle di "onksyone",<ref>{{Cite web |title=χριστός Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χριστός&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=of persons, anointed}}</ref> soti nan vèb χρίω (''chrio''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=χρίω Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χρίω&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=Autenrieth: smear with oil, anoint, LSJ: rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil}}</ref> Premye kretyen yo te nonmen Jezi "Kris la" paske yo te kwè li se Mesi a ("moun ki onksyone a") ki te [[Jezi ak pwofesi mesyanik|pwofetize]] nan [[Bib ebre a]] (Ansyen Testaman an). Nan itilizasyon apre epòk biblik la, ''Kris'' te vin wè kòm yon non—yon pati nan "Jezikri". Tèm ''[[Kretyen|kretyen]]'', ki vle di yon disip Kris, ap itilize depi 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA142 142]}} == Lavi ak ansèyman nan Nouvo Testaman an == {{Main|Lavi Jezi}} {{Further|Kote Nouvo Testaman asosye ak Jezi}} {{Gospel Jesus|state=collapsed}} === Levanjil kanonik yo === {{Main|Levanjil|Amoni levanjil yo|Fyabilite istorik levanjil yo}} [[File:Dublin, Chester Beatty Ms Papyrus 45 BP I ff.13-14 Luke 11.50-12.12; 12.18-37; 12.42-13.1; 13.jpg|alt=Yon manyiskri papirus kat paj, ki chire an plizyè kote|thumb|Yon [[Papirus|papirus]] grèk 3yèm syèk [[Levanjil Lik|Levanjil Lik la]]]] Kat [[Levanjil kanonik|levanjil kanonik]] yo ([[Levanjil Matye|Matye]], [[Levanjil Mak|Mak]], [[Levanjil Lik|Lik]] ak [[Levanjil Jan|Jan]]) se sous prensipal pou lavi ak mesaj Jezi.<ref name="Britannica" /> Lòt pati nan Nouvo Testaman an gen ladan yo tou referans a gwo epizòd nan lavi li, tankou [[Dènye Soupe a]] nan [[1 Korentyen 11]]:23–26.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|11:23–26|9}}.</ref>{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=441–442}}<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}} [[Travay Apot yo]]<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|10:37–38|9}} and {{bibleverse|Acts|19:4|9}}.</ref> fè referans a premye ministè Jezi ak fason [[Jan Batis]] te anonse l davans.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Book of the Acts|series=New International Commentary on the New Testament|first=Frederick F. |last=Bruce |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-2505-6 |page=362 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref>{{sfn|Rausch|2003|p=77}}{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} Travay 1:1–11<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|1:1–11|9}}.</ref> bay plis detay sou [[Asansyon Jezi]]<ref>also mentioned in {{bibleverse|1 Timothy|3:16}}.</ref> pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}} Nan [[Lèt pòl yo#Otantisite|lèt pòl yo ki pa diskite]], ki te ekri anvan levanjil yo, yo site plizyè fwa pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians 7:10–11, 9:14, 11:23–25|multi=yes}}, {{bibleverse|2 Corinthians|12:9}}.</ref>{{efn|Powell ekri: "[Pòl] site pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi nan kèk kote,<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Cor. 7:10–11; 9:14; 11:23–25|multi=yes}}; {{bibleverse|2 Cor.|12:9}}; cf. {{bibleverse|Acts|20:35}}</ref> men nan pifò ka li montre ti enterè pou detay lavi ak ministè Jezi sou tè a."<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Mark A. |title=Introducing the New Testament |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe |url-access=limited |date=2009 |publisher=Baker |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe/page/248 248] |isbn=978-0-8010-2868-7}}</ref>}} Gen kèk gwoup [[Premye kretyen|kretyen primitif]] ki te gen deskripsyon separe sou lavi ak ansèyman Jezi ki pa nan Nouvo Testaman an. Ladan yo gen [[Levanjil Toma]], [[Levanjil Pyè]], [[Levanjil Jida]], [[Apokrif Jak]], ak [[Apokrif Nouvo Testaman|anpil lòt ekri apokrif]]. Pifò chèchè konkli tèks sa yo te ekri pi ta epi yo mwens fyab sou plan istorik pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Brown|1997|pp=835–840}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=C. A. |title=Exploring the Origins of the Bible |date=2008 |publisher=Baker |page=154}}</ref>{{sfn|Keener|2009|p=56}} ==== Otè, dat ak fyabilite ==== Levanjil kanonik yo se kat istwa, chak youn atribiye a yon otè diferan. Jeneralman yo konsidere otè levanjil yo kòm psedonim, e tradisyon atribiye yo a [[Kat evanjelis yo|kat evanjelis yo]], chak asosye ak Jezi oswa ak disip pwòch li yo:{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} Mak a [[Jan Mak]], yon asosye [[Sen Pyè|Pyè]];<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> [[Matye apot la|Matye]] a youn nan [[Disip (Krisyanis)|disip]] Jezi yo;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} [[Lik evanjelis la|Lik]] a yon konpayon [[Pòl apot la|Pòl]] ki mansyone nan kèk lèt;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} epi Jan a yon lòt disip Jezi,{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} "[[Disip byenneme a|disip byenneme a]]".{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, St.}} Dapre [[Priyorite markyèn|priyorite markyèn nan]], premye levanjil ki te ekri a se [[Levanjil Mak]] (ane 60–75 apre Jezikri), swivi pa Levanjil Matye (65–85), Levanjil Lik (65–95), ak Levanjil Jan (75–100).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |title=Can We Trust the Gospels?: Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |publisher=Crossway |year=2007 |page=58 |isbn=978-1-4335-1978-9 |first=Mark D. |last=Roberts |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907174109/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pifò chèchè dakò otè Matye ak Lik te itilize Mak kòm sous pou levanjil yo. Kòm Matye ak Lik pataje tou kèk kontni ki pa nan Mak, anpil chèchè konkli yo te itilize yon [[Sous Q|sous Q]] ipotetik anplis Mak, pandan yon kantite k ap grandi sipòte [[Ipotèz Farrer|ipotèz Farrer]] oswa [[Ipotèz posteryorite matyèn|Posteryorite matyèn nan]], kote Matye ak Lik te itilize youn lòt dirèkteman.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Runesson|first=Anders|title=Jesus, New Testament, Christian Origins|date=2021|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=9780802868923}}</ref><ref name="TSP20222">{{Cite book |title=The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference|publisher=Peeters Pub and Booksellers|year=2023|isbn=9789042950344|pages=5|editor-first1=Olegs|editor-last1=Andrejevs|editor-first2=Simon J. |editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first3=‎Edmondo|editor-last3=Lupieri|editor-first4=Joseph|editor-last4=Verhayden}}</ref>{{sfn|Licona|2010|pp=210–221}} Lik ak Matye trete sous yo yon fason ki pi konsèvatè pase lòt istoryen ansyen tankou [[Diodò Sisil]], byenke paralèl ak varyasyon levanjil sinoptik yo se kalite ki tipik nan byografi istorik ansyen.<ref name="Kloppenborg 49–79">{{Cite journal |last=Kloppenborg|first=John|title=Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?|journal=Ephemerides Theologicae Lovaniensis|volume=83|issue=1|pages=49–79}}</ref><ref name="Licona 2016 XIII-XIV">{{Cite book |last=Licona |first=Mike |title=Why are there Differences in the Gospels? What we can Learn from Ancient Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0190264260 |pages=XIII-XIV}}</ref> Yon aspè enpòtan nan etid levanjil yo se [[Jan literè|jan literè]] kote yo klase.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Burridge|first1=R. A. |year=2006|chapter=Gospels|editor-first1=J. W. |editor-last1=Rogerson|editor-first2=Judith M. |editor-last2=Lieu|title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=433}}</ref> Si otè levanjil yo te vle ekri woman, mit, istwa oswa byografi, sa gen yon gwo enpak sou fason pou entèprete zèv yo.<ref>Talbert, C. H. (1977). ''What is a Gospel? The Genre of the Canonical Gospels''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Fortress Press.</ref><ref>Wills, L. M. (1997). ''The Quest of the Historical Gospel: Mark, John and the Origins of the Gospel Genre''. London: Routledge. p. 10.</ref><ref>Burridge, R. A. (2004). ''What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography''. revised updated edn. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.</ref> Byenke li pa san kritik,<ref>e.g. Vines, M. E. (2002). ''The Problem of the Markan Genre: The Gospel of Mark and the Jewish Novel''. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 161–162.</ref> opinyon ki di levanjil yo se yon kalite byografi ansyen reprezante konsansis chèchè jodi a.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stanton |first=Graham N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |title=Jesus and Gospel |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-00802-0 |page=192 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005236/https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogerson |first1=J. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies |last2=Lieu |first2=Judith M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-925425-5 |page=437 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225204746/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |archive-date=25 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Konsènan egzaktitid istwa yo, opinyon yo varye depi sa ki konsidere yo kòm deskripsyon [[Inerans biblik|san erè]] lavi Jezi,{{sfn|Grudem|1994|pp=90–91}} rive sa ki dwe sou fyabilite istorik yo sou divès pwen,{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}} jiska sa ki konsidere yo kòm bay trè piti enfòmasyon istorik sou lavi li apa de baz yo.{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=117–125}}{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|pp=22–23}} ==== Estrikti ak kontni konparatif ==== {{Christianity sidebar}} Matye, Mak ak Lik rele levanjil sinoptik yo, soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|σύν}} ({{tlit|grc|syn}}, 'ansanm') ak {{lang|grc|ὄψις}} ({{tlit|grc|opsis}}, 'vizyon'),<ref name="Haffner-2008" /><ref name="Scroggie-1995" /><ref>{{OED|synoptic}}</ref> paske yo sanble nan kontni, aranjman naratif, lang ak estrikti paragraf, epi yo ka mete youn akote lòt fasilman pou konparezon sinoptik.<ref name="Haffner-2008">{{cite book |title=New Testament Theology |first=Paul |last=Haffner |year=2008 |isbn=978-88-902268-0-9 |page=135 |publisher=Gracewing}}</ref><ref name="Scroggie-1995">{{cite book |title=A Guide to the Gospels |first=W. Graham |last=Scroggie |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8254-9571-7 |page=128 |publisher=[[Kregel Publications]]}}</ref><ref>{{Britannica URL |title=Synoptic Gospels |url=topic/Synoptic-Gospels}}</ref> Chèchè yo jeneralman dakò li enposib jwenn yon relasyon literè dirèk ant levanjil sinoptik yo ak Levanjil Jan an.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel of John |first1=Francis J. |last1=Moloney |first2=Daniel J. |last2=Harrington |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8146-5806-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3 3] |publisher=Liturgical Press |url=https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3}}</ref> Anpil evènman—tankou batèm Jezi, krisifiksyon l ak relasyon l ak [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li yo—parèt nan levanjil sinoptik yo, men ensidan tankou [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|transfigirasyon an]] ak [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]] Jezi{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}} pa parèt nan Jan, ki diferan tou sou lòt pwen, tankou [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|netwayaj Tanp lan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ladd |first=George E. |title=A Theology of the New Testament |year=1993 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-0680-2 |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907103156/https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil sinoptik yo mete aksan sou diferan aspè Jezi. Nan Mak, Jezi se [[Pitit Bondye (Krisyanis)|Pitit Bondye]] ki gen zèv pwisan yo montre prezans [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Yo prezante l kòm yon moun k ap fè mirak san repo ak sèvitè Bondye kou lèzòm.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Thompson|editor-first1=Frank Charles|title=The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible|publisher=Kirk Bride Bible Company & Zondervan Bible Publishers|year=1983|pages= 1563–1564}}</ref> Kout levanjil sa a anrejistre relativman kèk pawòl oswa gwo ansèyman Jezi.<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Levanjil Matye a mete aksan sou lefèt Jezi se akonplisman volonte Bondye jan yo revele l nan Ansyen Testaman an ak Senyè Legliz la.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Matthew|pages=1171–1212}}</ref> Yo prezante l kòm "[[Liyaj davidik|Pitit David]]", yon "wa", ak Mesi a.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" />{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=4–6}} Lik prezante Jezi kòm sovè diven-imen ki montre konpasyon pou moun nan nesesite.<ref name="May Metzger Luke">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Luke|pages=1240–1285}}</ref> Yo montre l kòm zanmi moun k ap fè peche ak moun yo rejte, ki te vini chèche ak sove moun ki pèdi yo.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Levanjil sa a gen ladan l parabòl byen konnen, tankou [[Bon Samariten an]] ak [[Pitit pèdi a|Pitit Pèdi a]].<ref name="May Metzger Luke" /> [[Pwològ Levanjil Jan an]] idantifye Jezi kòm yon enkanasyon Pawòl divin lan ([[Logos (Krisyanis)|Logos]]).<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=John|pages=1286–1318}}</ref> Kòm Pawòl la, yo dekri Jezi kòm etènèlman prezan avèk Bondye, aktif nan tout kreyasyon an, ak sous nati moral ak espirityèl limanite.<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn" /> Nan levanjil sa a, yo prezante Jezi kòm pa sèlman pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt imen nan tan pase, men pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt ki ka egziste: li pa sèlman pale Pawòl Bondye; li se Pawòl Bondye.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi revele wòl divin li piblikman epi yo dekri l kòm [[Pen lavi a]], [[Limyè mond lan]], [[Vrè Pye Rezen an]], ak plis ankò.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Otè Nouvo Testaman an jeneralman te montre ti enterè pou etabli yon [[Kwonoloji Jezi|kwonoloji]] absoli lavi Jezi oswa pou senkwonize epizòd lavi li ak istwa laïk epòk la.{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}} Jan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#21:25|Jan 21:25]] di l, levanjil yo pa pretann bay yon lis konplè evènman nan lavi Jezi.<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Collins |first=Gerald |title=Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-955787-5 |pages=1–3}}</ref> Yo te ekri istwa yo sitou kòm dokiman teyolojik nan kontèks [[Krisyanis primitif|kretyen primitif]], ak kwonoloji kòm yon konsiderasyon segondè.<ref name="Wiarda75">{{cite book |title=Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology |first=Timothy |last=Wiarda |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8054-4843-6 |pages=75–78 |publisher=B&H}}</ref> Levanjil yo konsakre apeprè yon tyè nan tèks yo a dènye semèn lavi Jezi nan [[Jerizalèm]], ke yo rele [[Pasyon (Krisyanis)|Pasyon an]].<ref name="Turner613">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=David L. |last=Turner |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8010-2684-3 |page=613 |publisher=Baker}}</ref> Yo pa bay ase detay pou satisfè egzijans istoryen modèn yo konsènan dat egzak, men li posib pou tire yon imaj jeneral istwa lavi Jezi nan yo.{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}}{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}}<ref name="Wiarda75" /> === Jenealoji ak nesans === {{Main|Jenealoji Jezi|Nativite Jezi}} Jezi te jwif,{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} li te fèt nan [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], madanm [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]].<ref>[[Matye 1]]; [[Lik 2]].</ref> Levanjil Matye ak Lik ofri de istwa diferan sou [[Jenealoji|jenealoji]] li. Matye trase zansèt Jezi jiska [[Abraram]] pa [[David]],<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:1–16}}.</ref>{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=80–91}} pandan Lik trase zansèt Jezi pa [[Adan]] jiska Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–38}}.</ref>{{sfn|Brown|1978|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC&pg=PA163 163]}} Lis yo idantik ant Abraram ak David men yo diferan anpil apati pwen sa a; Matye gen 27 jenerasyon ant David ak Jozèf, pandan Lik gen 42, ak prèske pa gen okenn non ki parèt nan de lis yo.{{efn|Konpare {{bibleverse|Matthew|1:6–16|NIV}} ak {{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–31|NIV}}. Gade tou {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Konparezon de jenealoji yo}}.}}<ref>{{cite book |last=France |first=R. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |title=The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8028-0063-3 |page=72 |author-link=R. T. France |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229004519/https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live}} "From David the two lists diverge, as Matthew follows the line of succession to the throne of Judah from Solomon, whereas Luke's list goes through Nathan, ... and converges with Matthew's only for the two names of Shealtiel and Zerubabbel until Joseph is reached."</ref> Yo pwopoze divès teyori pou eksplike poukisa de jenealoji yo tèlman diferan.{{efn|Pou yon apèsi sou teyori sa yo, gade {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Eksplikasyon pou divèjans lan}}.}} [[File:Gerard van Honthorst - Adoration of the Shepherds (1622).jpg|thumb|left|''Adorasyon bèje yo'' pa [[Gerard van Honthorst]], 1622|alt=Yon sèn nesans; gason ak bèt antoure Mari ak Jezi k ap fèk fèt, ki kouvri ak limyè]] Tou de Matye ak Lik dekri nesans Jezi, sitou ke li te fèt nan yon vyèj ki rele Mari nan [[Betleyèm]] pou akonpli [[Pwofesi|pwofesi]]. Istwa Lik la mete aksan sou evènman anvan [[Nesans Jezi|nesans Jezi]] epi li santre sou Mari, pandan istwa Matye a kouvri pi plis evènman apre nesans lan epi li santre sou Jozèf.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=556}}<ref name="marsh37">{{cite book |title=Jesus and the Gospels |last=Marsh |first=Clive |author-last2=Moyise|author-first2= Steve |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-567-04073-2 |page=37 |publisher=Clark International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907095218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Morris|1992|page=26}} Tou de istwa deklare Mari te fiyanse ak yon nonm ki rele Jozèf, ki te desandan Wa David epi ki pat papa byolojik Jezi, epi tou de sipòte doktrin [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|nesans vyèj Jezi a]], dapre sa Jezi te konsevwa nan yon fason mirakilè pa [[Sentespri]] nan vant Mari lè li te toujou vyèj.<ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=David L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |title=A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-85244-224-1 |pages=538–540 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=30–37}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-26036-7 |pages=96–100 |publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> An menm tan, gen prèv, omwen nan ''Travay Apot yo'' Lik la, ke yo te panse Jezi te gen, tankou anpil figi nan ansyènte, yon doub patènite, paske la yo di li desandan nan semans oswa nan rèl David.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lincoln |first=Andrew T. |date=2013 |title=Luke and Jesus' Conception: A Case of Double Paternity? |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=639–658 |jstor=23487891 |issn=0021-9231}}</ref> Lè Jozèf [[Adopsyon nan jidayis|pran Jezi kòm pwòp pitit li]], yo konprann li ba li desandans davidik ki nesesè a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |last1=Lincoln|first1=Andrew T. |title=Conceiving Jesus: re-examining Jesus' conception in canon, Christology, and creed|publisher=The Severn Forum|date=5 March 2015|page= 4 |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=10 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510100248/http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk chèchè ki sigjere Jezi te gen eritaj [[Levit|levit]] nan bò Mari, dapre relasyon san li ak [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]].<ref>For example, {{citation |title=Carmen 18}}</ref> [[File:Bellini-circumcision-NG1455-fm.jpg|thumb|alt=74.9 × 102.2&nbsp;cm|''Sikonsizyon'' pa [[Giovanni Bellini]], {{circa|1500|lk=no}}. Tablo a dekri [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsizyon Jezi]].]] Nan Matye, Jozèf boulvèse paske Mari, fiyanse li, [[Gwosès|ansent]],<ref>[[Matye 1:19]]–[[Matye 1:20|20]].</ref> men nan premye [[Rèv Sen Jozèf|kat rèv Jozèf]], yon zanj asire l pou l pa pè pran Mari kòm madanm li paske pitit li a te konsevwa pa Sentespri.<ref name="Talbert">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=Charles H. |last=Talbert |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8010-3192-2 |publisher=Baker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |pages=29–30 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan [[Matye 2:1]]–[[Matye 2:12|12]], [[Mag biblik yo|saj]] oswa [[Mag]] ki soti nan [[Oryan]] pote kado bay jenn Jezi kòm [[Jezi, Wa jwif yo|Wa jwif yo]]. Yo jwenn li nan yon kay Betleyèm. [[Ewòd Gran]] tande pale de nesans Jezi epi, tankou li te vle touye l, [[Masak inosan yo|bay lòd pou touye tout ti gason]] nan Betleyèm ak anviwon li. Men, yon zanj avèti Jozèf nan dezyèm rèv li, epi fanmi an [[Sove ale an Ejip|sove ale an Ejip]], answit li retounen epi li etabli nan Nazarèt.<ref name="Talbert" />{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Schnackenburg |first=Rudolf |title=The Gospel of Matthew |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8028-4438-5 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |pages=9–11 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052207/https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Lik 1:31–38, Mari aprann nan men zanj [[Gabriyèl]] ke l ap konsevwa epi bay nesans a yon pitit ki rele Jezi atravè aksyon Sentespri.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> Lè Mari prèt pou akouche, li menm ak Jozèf vwayaje soti nan Nazarèt pou ale nan vil zansèt Jozèf, Betleyèm, pou anrejistre nan resansman [[Sezar Ogis]] te bay lòd fè a. Pandan yo la, Mari bay Jezi nesans, epi kòm yo pa jwenn plas nan oberj la, li mete ti bebe a nan yon [[Manje bèt|manje bèt]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:1–7}}.</ref> Yon [[Anons bay bèje yo|zanj anonse nesans lan bay yon gwoup bèje]], ki ale Betleyèm pou wè Jezi epi answit gaye nouvèl la toupatou.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:8–20}}.</ref> Lik 2:21 rakonte kijan Jozèf ak Mari [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsi ti bebe a nan wityèm jou apre nesans]] epi bay li non Jezi, jan Gabriyèl te kòmande Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:21}}.</ref> Apre [[Prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan|prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan]], Jozèf, Mari ak Jezi retounen Nazarèt.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> === Premye ane, fanmi ak pwofesyon === [[File:William Holman Hunt - The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''[[Jwenn Sovè a nan Tanp lan]]'' pa [[William Holman Hunt]], 1860|alt=Mari ak Jozèf jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan]] Levanjil Lik ak Matye idantifye Nazarèt, yon vil nan [[Galile]] ki nan [[Izrayèl]] jodi a, kòm kay anfans Jezi, kote li te viv ak fanmi li. Byenke Jozèf parèt nan deskripsyon anfans Jezi, pa gen okenn mansyon sou li apre sa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Perrotta |first=Louise B. |title=Saint Joseph: His Life and His Role in the Church Today |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87973-573-9 |pages=21, 110–112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Reverend Archdeacon Kinane |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138 |title=Saint Joseph: His Life, His Virtues, His Privileges, His Power |page=138 |chapter=Section VI – The perpetual virginity of St. Joseph |publisher=Aeterna Press|access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230526/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Lòt manm fanmi li yo, gen ladan yo manman l Mari; [[Frè Jezi yo|kat frè li yo]], [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jezi|Jozès (oswa Jozèf)]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]; ak sè li yo ki pa gen non, mansyone nan Levanjil yo ak lòt sous.<ref>{{cite book |title=Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth |last=Aslan |first=Reza |author-link=Reza Aslan |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |page=[https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756 36] |isbn=978-1-4000-6922-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756}}</ref> Yo rele grann ak granpapa Jezi nan bò manman l [[Jowakim]] ak [[Sen Ann|Ann]] nan [[Levanjil Jak|Levanjil Jak la]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim |page=194 |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-134-50949-2 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230540/https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim#v=snippet&q=joachim&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Lik la anrejistre ke Mari te fanmi [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]], manman Jan Batis.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Luke|1:5, 36|KJV}}.</ref> Gen kèk sous ekstrabiblik kontanporen ki konsidere Jezi ak Jan Batis kòm kouzen jèmen, sou baz kwayans Elizabèt te pitit fi [[Sobe (sè Sen Ann)|Sobe]], sè Ann.<ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 97.1325.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 120.189.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 145.760 ([[Nicephorus Callistus|Nicéphore Callistus]], ''Historia ecclesiastica'', 2.3).</ref> Levanjil Mak rapòte ke nan kòmansman [[Ministè Jezi|ministè li]], Jezi antre an konfli ak vwazen ak fanmi li.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Manman l ak frè l yo vin chèche l<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:31–35}}.</ref> paske moun ap di [[Sante mantal Jezi|li pèdi tèt li]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:21}}.</ref> Jezi reponn ke disip li yo se vre fanmi li. Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi ak manman l ale nan yon [[Nòs Kana|nòs Kana]], kote li fè premye mirak li sou demann li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:1–11}}.</ref> Pita, li prezan nan krisifiksyon li, epi li eksprime enkyetid pou byennèt li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|19:25–27}}.</ref> Yo rele Jezi yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} ({{tlit|grc|[[tektōn]]}}) nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#6:3|Mak 6:3]], yon tèm ke yo tradisyonèlman konprann kòm "bòs bòs" men ki ka refere tou a moun ki fabrike objè nan divès materyo, ladan yo konstriktè.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry G. |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |title=An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon: The Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek–English Lexicon |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1889 |page=797}}</ref>{{sfn|Dickson|2008|pp=68–69}} Kòm tèm nan gen yon gwo laj siyifikasyon ak "reyalite sosyo-istorik yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} nazarèn komen", Matthew K. Robinson, yon minis ak akademisyen, prefere tradui {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} kòm 'konstriktè-atizan'.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Matthew K. |title="Is This Not the Τέκτων?": Revisiting Jesus's Vocation in Mark 6:3 |journal=Neotestamentica |date=2021 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=431–445 |doi=10.1353/neo.2021.0038}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Robinson |url=https://www.theology.ox.ac.uk/people/matthew-robinson |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> Levanjil yo endike Jezi te kapab li, parafraze ak diskite Ekriti yo, men sa pa nesesèman vle di li te resevwa yon fòmasyon fòmèl kòm eskrib.<ref>{{Atik ansiklopedik|year=2001 |title=Context, family and formation |encyclopedia=Cambridge companion to Jesus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |access-date=14 August 2015 |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |editor-last=Bockmuehl |editor-first=Markus N. A. |pages=14, 21 |isbn=978-0-521-79678-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907175830/https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live|doi=10.1017/CCOL0521792614.002}}</ref> Levanjil Lik rapòte de vwayaj Jezi ak paran li nan Jerizalèm pandan anfans li. Yo vin nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] pou [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezantasyon Jezi]] kòm ti bebe an akò ak lalwa jwif la, kote yon nonm ki rele [[Simeyon (Levanjil Lik)|Simeyon]] fè yon pwofesi sou Jezi ak Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:22–35}}.</ref> Lè Jezi, a laj douz an, pèdi nan yon pèlerinaj Jerizalèm pou [[Pak jwif|Pak jwif la]], paran li jwenn li nan [[Jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan|Tanp lan]] chita nan mitan metèd yo, k ap koute yo epi poze kesyon, epi moun yo sezi pou entèlijans li ak repons li yo. Mari repwoche Jezi paske li te pèdi, epi Jezi reponn li dwe "nan kay Papa l".<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:41–52}}.</ref> === Batèm ak tantasyon === {{Main|Batèm Jezi|Tantasyon Kris}} [[File:El bautismo de Jesús, por José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Batèm Jezi|Batèm Kris]] pa [[Jan Batis]]'', pa [[Almeida Júnior]], 1895|alt=Jan batize Jezi. Sentespri a, an fòm yon toutrèl, anwo l.]] [[Levanjil sinoptik yo]] dekri [[Batèm Jezi|batèm Jezi]] nan [[Rivyè Jouden|Rivyè Jouden an]] ak [[Tantasyon Kris|tantasyon li te fè fas]] pandan karant jou li te pase nan [[Dezè Jide a]] kòm preparasyon pou ministè piblik li.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sheen |first=Fulton J. |title=Life of Christ |year=2008 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-385-52699-9 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165309/https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan chak istwa sa yo, istwa batèm Jezi a vini apre enfòmasyon sou Jan Batis.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=141–143}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}} Yo montre Jan k ap preche repantans pou padon peche, ankouraje moun bay [[Lamòn|lamòn]] bay malere,<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke||3:11}}.</ref> batize moun nan rejyon Rivyè Jouden an anviwon [[Pere]], epi anonse vini yon moun "ki pi pwisan" pase l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:16}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Eerdmans commentary on the Bible |first1=James D. G. |last1=Dunn |first2=John W. |last2=Rogerson |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0 |page=1010 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> [[File:Ary Scheffer - The Temptation of Christ (1854).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Jezi ak Dyab la dekri nan ''[[Tantasyon Kris|Tantasyon Kris la]]'', pa [[Ary Scheffer]], 1854]] Nan Levanjil Mak, Jan Batis batize Jezi, epi lè Jezi soti nan dlo a, li wè [[Sentespri]] ap desann sou li tankou yon toutrèl, epi yon vwa soti nan syèl la pou deklare l Pitit Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:9–11}}.</ref> Se youn nan de evènman Levanjil yo dekri kote yon vwa ki soti nan Syèl la refere a Jezi kòm "Pitit", lòt la se [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|Transfigirasyon an]].{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs">{{cite book |last1=Harding|first1=Mark|title=The Content and the Setting of the Gospel Tradition|last2=Nobbs|first2=Alanna|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8028-3318-1|pages=281–282}}</ref> Answit Lespri a pouse l ale nan dezè a, kote [[Satan]] tante l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:12–13}}.</ref> Apre arestasyon Jan, Jezi kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:14}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Matye, lè Jezi vin kote Jan pou l batize, Jan pwoteste, li di, "Se mwen ki bezwen batize pa ou."<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:14}}.</ref> Jezi di l pou l kontinye ak batèm lan "pou nou akonpli tout jistis".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:15}}.</ref> Answit Matye rakonte twa tantasyon espesifik Satan ofri Jezi nan dezè a.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|4:3–11}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Lik, Sentespri a desann an fòm kò, tankou yon toutrèl, apre tout pèp la fin batize epi pandan Jezi ap [[Prayers of Jesus|priye]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:21–22}}.</ref> Pita, Jan rekonèt Jezi implicitman lè li voye disip li yo poze kesyon sou li.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|7:18–23}}.</ref> Lik dekri tou twa tantasyon Jezi te fè eksperyans nan dezè a anvan li kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|4:1–14}}.</ref> Levanjil Jan an pa rakonte batèm ak tantasyon Jezi.{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Jesus Christ}} Pito, Jan Batis temwaye ke li wè Lespri a desann epi rete sou Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:32}}.</ref>{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&pg=PA292 292]}} Jan pwoklame Jezi piblikman kòm [[Ti Mouton Bondye a]], epi kèk nan disip Jan yo vin disip Jezi.{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=17–62}} Anvan yo mete Jan nan prizon, Jezi mennen disip li yo batize,<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:22–24}}.</ref> epi yo batize plis moun pase Jan.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|4:1}}.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Ministry"></span> Ministè piblik === <!-- Anchor names for incoming section link(s) from other page(s) --> {{Main|Ministè Jezi}} [[File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg|thumb|''Diskou sou mòn lan'', pa [[Carl Bloch]], 1877, dekri [[Diskou sou mòn lan|diskou enpòtan Jezi a]].|alt=Jezi chita sou yon mòn, k ap preche yon foul moun]] Levanjil sinoptik yo dekri de gwo kad jewografik nan ministè Jezi. Premye a se Galile, nan nò [[Jide]], kote Jezi fè yon ministè ki gen gwo siksè; dezyèm lan se Jerizalèm, kote yo rejte l epi touye l.<ref name="ISBEO">{{cite web |year=1939 |editor-last=Orr |editor-first=James |title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online |url=http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817024703/http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> Souvan yo rele l "[[Rabi|rabi]]",<ref name="ISBEO" /> Jezi bay mesaj li oralman.<ref name="Dunn2013">{{cite book |last=Dunn |first=James D. G. |title=The Oral Gospel Tradition |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=2013 |pages=290–291}}</ref> Nan istwa sa yo, li entèdi moun ki rekonèt li kòm mesi a—ladan yo moun li geri ak move lespri li ekzòsize yo—pale sou sa (gade [[Sekrè mesyanik|Sekrè mesyanik la]]).{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}} Kontrèman, Levanjil Jan an prezante ministè Jezi kòm ki te fèt sitou nan ak alantou Jerizalèm olye de nan Galile, epi nati divin li pwoklame ak rekonèt pi ouvètman.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Chèchè yo souvan divize ministè Jezi an plizyè etap. Ministè nan Galile a kòmanse lè Jezi retounen Galile apati [[Dezè Jide a]] apre li fin reziste tantasyon [[Satan]]. Answit li preche toupatou nan Galile, epi nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–20]], [[Premye disip Jezi yo|premye disip li yo]]—ki pita pral fòme nwayo Legliz la—rankontre l epi kòmanse swiv li.{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}} Peryòd sa a gen ladan l [[Diskou sou mòn lan]], youn nan gwo diskou Jezi yo,{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermon on the mount: a theological investigation |first=Carl G. |last=Vaught |year=2001 |publisher=Baylor University Press |isbn=978-0-918954-76-3 |pages=xi–xiv}}</ref> ansanm ak [[Kalme tanpèt la|kalmman tanpèt la]], [[Miltiplikasyon pen yo pou 5 000 moun|manje 5 000 moun yo]], [[Jezi mache sou dlo|mache sou dlo]], ak plizyè lòt mirak ak [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]].{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=143–160}} Li fini ak [[Konfesyon Pyè|Konfesyon Pyè a]] ak Transfigirasyon an.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Transfiguration, The |encyclopedia=The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Thought: Son of Man-Tremellius V11 |isbn=978-1-4286-3189-2 |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls |year=1909 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |page=493 |last=Nash |first=Henry S. |editor-first=Samuel M. |editor-last=Jackson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052036/https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Barton132">{{cite book |last=Barton |first=Stephen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994 |title=The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels |date=23 November 2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80766-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994/page/n138 132]–133 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pandan Jezi ap vwayaje pou Jerizalèm, nan sa yo souvan rele ministè Pere a, li retounen nan rejyon kote yo te batize l la, apeprè yon tyè wout pou desann soti nan [[Lak Galile|Lak Galile a]] sou Rivyè Jouden an.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#10:40|Jan 10:40–42]].</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=137}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=211–229}} [[Ministè Jezi#Final ministry in Jerusalem|Dènye faz ministè li a]], nan Jerizalèm, kòmanse ak [[Antre triyonfal nan Jerizalèm|antre triyonfal li]] nan vil la nan [[Dimanch Ram]].{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} Nan Levanjil sinoptik yo, pandan semèn sa a Jezi [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|chase machann lajan yo]] nan [[Dezyèm Tanp lan]], epi [[Maché Jida a|Jida fè yon maché pou trayi]] li. Peryòd sa a kilmine nan [[Dènye Soupe a]] epi, nan istwa Jan an, nan [[Diskou orevwa a]].{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=257–274}} ==== Disip ak swivan ==== {{Main|Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|Voye douz apot yo}} [[File:Brooklyn Museum - The Exhortation to the Apostles (Recommandation aux apôtres) - James Tissot.jpg|thumb|''Egzòtasyon bay apot yo'', pa [[James Tissot]], dekri Jezi k ap pale ak douz disip li yo.]] Nan kòmansman ministè li, Jezi [[Voye douz apot yo|chwazi douz apot]]. Nan Matye ak Mak, Jezi rele kat premye apot li yo, ki se pechè, epi yo dekri yo kite filè yo imedyatman pou swiv li.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–22]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#1:16|Mak 1:16–20]].</ref> Nan Jan, de premye apot Jezi yo te disip Jan Batis okòmansman; Batis la wè Jezi epi rele l Ti Mouton Bondye a, epi de moun yo, ki tande sa, kòmanse swiv Jezi.{{sfn|Brown|1988|pp=25–27}}{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=292–293}} Anplis douz apot yo, entwodiksyon [[Diskou sou plenn nan]] nan Lik idantifye yon gwoup moun ki pi gran kòm disip.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#6:17|Lik 6:17]].</ref> Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#10:1|Lik 10:1–16]], Jezi voye [[Swasanndis disip yo|70 oswa 72 swivan li yo]] de pa de pou prepare vil yo pou vizit li yo pral fè: yo enstwi yo pou yo aksepte òspitalite, geri malad yo, epi pwoklame [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=The Gospel According to Luke |encyclopedia=New Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament |publisher=Liturgical Press |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |page=255 |first=Michael F. |last=Patella |editor-first=Daniel |editor-last=Durken |isbn=978-0-8146-3260-4 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910044704/https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== <span class="anchor" id="Teachings and preachings"></span> Ansèyman ak mirak ==== [[File:Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg|thumb|''[[Jezi ak jenn gason rich la]]'' pa [[Heinrich Hofmann (painter)|Heinrich Hofmann]], 1889]] Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi anseye anpil—souvan nan [[Parabòl|parabòl]]{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=316–346}}—sou Wayòm Bondye a. Jezi pale tou de "[[Pitit Lonm nan]]", yon figi [[Apokalips|apokaliptik]] ki pral vin rasanble moun yo chwazi yo.<ref name="Britannica" /> Jezi mande moun repanti de peche yo epi devwe tèt yo antyèman a Bondye.<ref name="Britannica">{{Britannica |id=303091 |title=Jesus Christ |first1=E.&nbsp;P. |last1=Sanders |first2=Jaroslav J. |last2=Pelikan}}</ref> Li enstwi disip li yo pou yo respekte [[Lalwa jwif la|lalwa jwif la]], byenke gen kèk nan moun ki te viv ansanm avè l ki wè l kòm moun ki vyole lalwa a li menm, pa egzanp nan [[Saba|obsèvans saba a]].<ref name="Britannica" /> Lè yo mande l ki [[Gran kòmandman an|pi gran kòmandman an]], Jezi reponn: "Se pou ou renmen Senyè Bondye ou ak tout kè ou, ak tout nanm ou, ak tout lespri ou ... Epi yon dezyèm ki sanble ak li: 'Se pou ou renmen pwochen ou tankou tèt ou.{{'"}}<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#22:37|Matye 22:37–39]].</ref> Lòt ansèyman etik ki atribiye a Jezi gen ladan yo [[Matye 5:44|renmen lènmi ou yo]], abstni nan [[Rayisman|rayisman]] ak [[Konvwatiz|konvwatiz]], [[Prezante lòt jou a|prezante lòt jou a]], ak [[Padon|padone]] moun ki fè nou peche.<ref>[[Diskou sou mòn lan|Matye 5–7]].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stassen |first1=Glen H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |title=Kingdom Ethics: Following Jesus in Contemporary Context |last2=Gushee |first2=David P. |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8308-2668-1 |pages=102–103, 138–140, 197–198, 295–298 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226062140/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Jan an prezante ansèyman Jezi pa sèlman kòm pwòp predikasyon li men kòm [[Revelasyon|revelasyon]] divin. Pa egzanp, Jan Batis di nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#3:34|Jan 3:34]]: "Moun Bondye voye a pale pawòl Bondye, paske li bay Lespri a san mezi." Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#7:16|Jan 7:16]], Jezi di, "Ansèyman mwen an pa pou mwen men pou moun ki voye m lan." Li repete sa nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#14:10|Jan 14:10]]: "Eske nou pa kwè mwen nan Papa a epi Papa a nan mwen? Pawòl mwen di nou yo, mwen pa di yo pou kont mwen; men se Papa a ki rete nan mwen an ki fè zèv li yo."<ref name="Osborn-1993" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Köstenberger |first=Andreas J. |title=The missions of Jesus and the disciples according to the Fourth Gospel |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8028-4255-8 |pages=108–109}}</ref> [[File:Pompeo Batoni 003.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|''[[Pitit pèdi a|Retou Pitit pèdi a]]'' pa [[Pompeo Batoni]], 1773]] Apeprè 30 parabòl reprezante anviron yon tyè nan ansèyman Jezi anrejistre yo.<ref name="Osborn-1993">{{cite book |first=Eric F. |last=Osborn |year=1993 |title=The emergence of Christian theology |url=https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo |url-access=limited |isbn=978-0-521-43078-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo/page/n115 98] |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1998 |title=The parables of Jesus: lessons in life from the Master Teacher |isbn=978-0-8254-9715-5 |page=10 |publisher=Kregel}}</ref> Parabòl yo parèt toude andedan sèmon ki pi long ak nan lòt kote nan naratif la.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermons of Jesus the Messiah |first=E. Keith |last=Howick |year=2003 |publisher=WindRiver |isbn=978-1-886249-02-8 |pages=7–9}}</ref> Yo souvan gen senbolis ladan yo epi tipikman yo konekte aspè mond fizik la ak reyalite [[Espirityalite|espirityèl]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Friedrich G. |last=Lisco |year=1850 |title=The Parables of Jesus |publisher=Daniels and Smith Publishers |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ/page/n12 9]–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Ashton |last=Oxenden |year=1864 |title=The parables of our Lord? |publisher=William Macintosh Publishers |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ/page/n15 6] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Tèm komen yo gen ladan yo bonte ak jenerozite Bondye, ansanm ak danje ak konsekans transgresyon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |title=Interpreting the Parables |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2012 |page=448 |isbn=978-0-8308-3967-4 |first=Craig L. |last=Blomberg |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910175429/https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk parabòl, tankou sa [[Pitit pèdi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#15:11|Lik 15:11–32]].</ref> ki relativman senp, pandan gen lòt, tankou [[Parabòl grenn k ap grandi a|Grenn k ap grandi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#4:26|Mak 4:26–29]].</ref> ki pi konplèks, pwofon epi difisil pou entèprete.<ref>{{cite web |first=Madeleine I. |last=Boucher |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |title=The Parables |website=Frontline|publisher=PBS |access-date=3 June 2013 |archive-date=10 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810144100/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Lè disip li yo mande l poukisa li pale ak pèp la an parabòl, Jezi reponn disip li chwazi yo te resevwa dwa "konnen sekrè Wayòm syèl la", kontrèman ak rès yo, epi li ajoute: "Paske moun ki genyen, y ap bay li plis epi li pral gen anpil. Men moun ki pa genyen, y ap retire menm sa li genyen an", epi li kontinye di ke pifò nan jenerasyon yo a gen "kè di" epi pou sa yo pa kapab konprann.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#13:10|Matye 13:10–17]].</ref> [[File:Christ cleans leper man.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Jezi geri yon lèp|Jezi ap geri yon lèp]], [[Mozayik|mozayik]] medyeval nan [[Katedral Monreale]], fen 12yèm syèk jiska mitan 13yèm syèk|alt=Jezi, ak yon oreyòl alantou tèt li, poze men l sou yon lèp, konsa li geri l]] Nan istwa levanjil yo, Jezi konsakre yon bon pati nan ministè li pou fè [[Mirak|mirak]], sitou gerizon.{{sfn|Green|McKnight |Marshall|1992|p=299}} Souvan yo klase mirak sa yo an de gwo kategori: mirak gerizon ak mirak sou nati.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=350}}{{sfn|Levine|2006|p=4}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Charlesworth |first1=James H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |title=The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide |date=2008 |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6 |page=113 |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221947/https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak gerizon yo gen ladan yo gerizon maladi fizik, [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]],{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}}{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|p=298}} ak [[Mirak Jezi#Resurrection of the dead|rezirèksyon mò yo]].{{sfn|Green|McKnight|Marshall|1992|p=300}}<ref name="Oxford Companion" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Tabor |first=James |date=22 March 2013 |title=What the Bible Says About Death, Afterlife, and the Future |url=https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823115040/https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |archive-date=23 August 2016 |access-date=13 June 2015 |publisher=UNCC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hoekema |first=Anthony A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |title=The Bible and the Future |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-85364-624-2 |pages=88–89 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak sou nati yo montre otorite sou mond natirèl la epi yo gen ladan yo [[Chanje dlo an diven|chanje dlo an diven]], mache sou dlo, ak kalme yon tanpèt, pami lòt. Jezi atribiye mirak li yo a yon sous divin. Lè opozan l yo akize l chase move lespri ak pouvwa [[Belzebi]], prens move lespri yo, li reponn li fè sa pa "Lespri Bondye" ([[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#12:28|Matye 12:28]]) oswa "dwèt Bondye", e li di li ta ilojik pou Satan mine pwòp domèn li; li mande tou, si li ekzòsize pa Belzebi, "pa ki moun pitit nou yo chase yo?"<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#11:20|Lik 11:20]].</ref><ref name="Britannica" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |title=Zondervan King James Version Commentary: New Testament |last2=Mitchell |first2=Daniel R. |publisher=Zondervan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-310-25150-7 |page=100 |first1=Edward E. |last1=Hindson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910171333/https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Matye 12:31–32, li di anplis ke byenke tout kalite peche, ladan yo "ensilt kont Bondye" oswa "ensilt kont Pitit Lonm nan", ka padone, blasfèm kont "[[Sentespri]] la" p ap janm padone, epi moun ki koupab yo pote peche yo pou tout tan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 12:31-32 - New International Version|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2012%3A31-32&version=NIV|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=30 January 2026}}</ref> Nan Jan, yo dekri mirak Jezi yo kòm "siy", ke li fè pou montre misyon ak idantite li.<ref name="Sign" />{{sfn|Ehrman|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0/page/84 84]}} Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, lè kèk metèd lalwa ak farizyen mande l yon siy mirakilè pou valide otorite li, Jezi refize,<ref name="Sign">{{cite book |title=Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology |year=2001 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-3717-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 198] |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 |first1=Paul J. |last1=Achtemeier |first2=Joel B. |last2=Green |first3=Marianne M. |last3=Thompson}}</ref> li di pa pral gen okenn siy pou yon jenerasyon koripte ak mechan eksepte siy pwofèt [[Jonas]] la. Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, foul moun yo anjeneral reponn ak mirak li yo ak sezisman epi yo prese sou li pou l geri malad yo, pandan nan Jan, yo dekri Jezi kòm mwens bride pa foul yo, ki souvan reponn siy li yo ak lafwa ak konfyans.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=236}} Yon karakteristik komen nan tout naratif mirak yo se ke Jezi fè yo gratis epi li pa mande ni aksepte peman.<ref>{{cite book |last=van der Loos |first=Hendrik |title=The Miracles Of Jesus |year=1965 |publisher=Brill |page=197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165838/https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |url-status=live}}</ref> Istwa mirak yo souvan melanje ak ansèyman, epi mirak yo menm souvan gen yon dimansyon [[Metòd didaktik|didaktik]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The words and works of Jesus Christ |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-310-30940-6 |page=212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |publisher=Zondervan |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910063513/https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Twelftree|1999 |p=95}} Anpil ladan yo mete aksan sou enpòtans lafwa: nan [[Geri dis lèp yo|geri dis lèp yo]] ak [[Leve pitit fi Jayis la|leve pitit fi Jayis la]], pa egzanp, yo di moun ki benefisye yo ke gerizon yo soti nan lafwa yo.{{sfn|Donahue|Harrington |2002|p=182}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Lockyer |first=Herbert |year=1988 |title=All the Miracles of the Bible |isbn=978-0-310-28101-6 |page=235 |publisher=Zondervan}}</ref> Nan ''A Marginal Jew'', chèchè [[John P. Meier]] defann ke "tradisyon mirak sou ministè piblik Jezi yo deja tèlman byen ateste nan divès sous" ke nenpòt "fabrikasyon total pa premye Legliz la, pale an pratik, enposib". Li baze sa sou sous literè tankou Levanjil Matye, Lik ak Jan, ansanm ak ekri istoryen Jozèf (Josephus). Meier sipoze ke "kritè atestasyon miltip sous ak fòm" sipòte konklizyon ke Jezi te fè "zèv eksepsyonèl" ke kontanporen li yo te konsidere kòm mirak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=John Meier |url=http://archive.org/details/Marginal-Jew_vol-2_Meier_1994 |title=A Marginal Jew/Маргинальный еврей |date=November 1994}}</ref> Chèchè [[Paul J. Achtemeier]] sipoze ke mirak sa yo pat inik a Jezi nan mond ansyen an epi yo te konsidere yo kòm ambigi menm pa temwen ki te wè yo. Li note ke Jezi gen chans te fè zèv yo te konprann kòm ekzòsis, ki te "aksepte kòm reyalite pa kontanporen li yo", men yo pa ta dwe konsidere yo kòm gen "valè prèv konsènan Jezi", paske temwen yo te kapab reklame li t ap travay swa ak Satan swa ak Bondye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Achtemeier |first=Paul J. |date=1975 |title=Miracles and the Historical Jesus: A Study of Mark 9:14-29 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43714056 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=471–491 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> Chèchè [[Gregory Sterling]] obsève ke, nan ka sipoze ekzòsis Jezi yo, "Pou Galileyen premye syèk la ki te kwè nan prezans pèsonèl mal an fòm move lespri, zèv Jezi a te yon validasyon ministè li."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sterling |first=Gregory E. |date=1993 |title=Jesus as Exorcist: An Analysis of Matthew 17:14-20; Mark 9:14-29; Luke 9:37-43a |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43721315 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=467–493 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> === Referans === <references group="v"/> <references group="n"/> {{Referans Anpil|kolòn=2}} 3yiejfx77qklsl91vmemn19emhbno8h 889172 889171 2026-10-23T05:54:24Z Kitanago 19629 889172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | non = Jezi Kris | imaj = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | taille image = 200 | lejand = [[Christ pantocrator (Sinaï)|Christ pantocrator nan monastè Sent-Katrin Sinaï]], {{sap-|VI}} | tit = [[Jezi Nazarèt]] ak Pitit Bondye a | dat nesans = ant [[7 av. J.-K.|7]] ak [[5 av. J.-K.|5 anvan epòk nou an]] | lye nesans = [[Bètleyèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]), selon Levanjil yo ; [[Nazarèt]] nan [[Galile (rejyon)|Galile]], selon yon majorite istoryen. | dat lanmò = ant [[30]] et [[33]]<ref>Aujourd'hui, la très grande majorité des chercheurs donnent 30 ou 33, selon la longueur qu'ils estiment du ministère de Jésus, mais selon la tradition, il est mort à trente-trois ans : selon ses dates supposées de naissance, cela donne entre 26 et 28 ; cf. {{chapitre|langue=en|prénom1=Stanley E.|nom1=Porter|titre chapitre=Chronology of the New Testament|auteurs ouvrage=David Noel Freedman et Allen C. Myers (dirs.)|titre ouvrage=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|éditeur=Amsterdam University Press|année=2000|isbn=9789053565032|passage=250}}. Quelques-uns donnent 29 et une petite minorité va jusqu'à 36 ; voir la synthèse de {{Ouvrage|prénom1=Raymond E.|nom1=Brown|lien auteur1=Raymond Edward Brown|titre=La Mort du Messie|éditeur=[[Éditions Bayard|Bayard]]|année=2005|pages totales=1695|passage=1552|isbn=978-2-227-35025-0}} </ref> | lye lanmò = [[Jerizalèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]) | laj lanmò = Anviwon 35 an | non nesans = | lòt non = [[Jezi Nazarèt]]<br />[[Mesi]]<br />[[Trinite (chrisyanis)|Bondye]] | nasyonalite = }} '''Jezi'''{{efn|{{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{transliteration|grc|Iēsoús}}, gen chans soti nan {{langx|he|יֵשׁוּעַ|label=[[Lang ebre|ebre]] oswa [[Arameyen|arameyen]]}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{tlit|und|[[Yeshua|Yēšūaʿ]]}} }} ({{circa|6 a 4 anvan Jezikri}}<!-- "By collating the gospel accounts with historical data and using various other methods, most scholars arrive at a date of birth between 6 and 4 BC for Jesus, though scholarly arguments for a date of birth between 7 and 1 BC have been made" in 'Chronology' section -->{{snd}}ane 30 oswa 33 apre Jezikri), ke yo rele tou '''Jezikri''',{{efn|[[Kopt (lang)|Kopt]]: {{lang|cop|Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ́ρⲓⲥτⲟⲥ}}; [[Geʽez]]: {{lang|gez|መሲህ ኢየሱስ}}; [[Grèk koine|Grèk]]: {{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}; [[Ebre klasik|Ebre]]: {{lang|hbo|ישוע המשיח}}; [[Laten]]: {{lang|la|Iesus Christus}}; [[Slavon legliz|Slavon]]: {{lang|cu|І҆исоу́съ Хрїсто́съ}}; [[Siryak klasik|Siryak]]: {{lang|syc|ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ}}}} '''Jezi Nazarèt''', epi pa [[Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|lòt non ak tit]] ankò, se te yon predikatè [[Jwif|jwif]] ak [[Lis fondatè tradisyon relijye|lidè relijye]] ki te aktif nan [[Jide (pwovens women)|pwovens women Jide]] pandan 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} <!-- Do not merge these. Jesus is — not was — the central figure of Christianity. -->Li se [[Jezi nan Krisyanis|figi santral]] [[Krisyanis]], [[Gwo gwoup relijyon yo|pi gwo relijyon nan mond lan]]. Pifò [[Konfesyon kretyen|branch kretyen]] konsidere Jezi kòm [[Enkanasyon (Krisyanis)|enkanasyon]] [[Bondye Pitit la]] ak [[Mesi#Krisyanis|Mesi]] oswa [[Kris (tit)|Kris]] yo t ap tann nan. Istwa [[Lavi Jezi|lavi Jezi]] yo kontni nan [[Evanjil|Evanjil yo]], sitou nan [[Kat evanjil kanonik yo|kat evanjil kanonik]] [[Nouvo Testaman|Nouvo Testaman an]]. Depi [[Syèk Limyè yo]], [[Rechèch Jezi istorik la|rechèch akademik]] pwodui divès opinyon sou [[Fyabilite istorik evanjil yo|fyabilite istorik evanjil yo]] ak nan ki mezi yo reflete [[Jezi istorik|Jezi istorik la]],{{sfn|Powell|1998|pp=168–173}}{{efn|Ehrman ekri: "Lide ki di istwa evanjil yo pa konplètman egzak men yo toujou enpòtan pou verite relijye yo eseye transmèt la, se yon lide ki byen pataje nan mond chèchè yo, menmsi li pa byen konnen ni kwè deyò mond sa a."<ref>Bart D. Ehrman. [http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium']. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123155853/https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html |date=23 January 2019 }} Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.), The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24{{Clarify|reason=It's unclear if this citation is for one source or multiple sources. Is it a book or an audio lecture?|date=October 2025}}</ref><br />Sanders ekri: "Premye kretyen yo pa t ekri yon naratif sou lavi Jezi, men yo te itilize epi konsa konsève inite endividyèl yo—ti pasaj sou pawòl ak aksyon li. Pita, otè ak editè yo te deplase epi achte inite sa yo. [...] Gen kèk materyèl ki te revize epi gen lòt premye kretyen yo te kreye."{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=57}}}}{{Sfn|Bowman Jr.|Komoszewski|2019|p=22–23}}<ref>{{Cite journal|author-first1=Craig A. |author-last1=Evans|url=https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/54.1.1.pdf|title=Life-of-Jesus Research and the Eclipse of Mythology|journal=Theological Studies |volume=54 |year=1993|pages= 13–14|quote=First, the New Testament Gospels are now viewed as useful, if not essentially reliable, historical sources. Gone is the extreme skepticism that for so many years dominated gospel research. Representative of many is the position of E. P. Sanders and Marcus Borg, who have concluded that it is possible to recover a fairly reliable picture of the historical Jesus.}}</ref><!---- The following paragraph was created by consensus after considerable discussion by a variety of editors. Out of courtesy for this process, please discuss any proposed changes on the talk page before editing it. ----><!-- PLEASE READ THIS FIRST. The following references are WP:RS sources that are used per WP:RS/AC guideline. The issue has been discussed on the talk page at length See the "talk page FAQ" about it; it may answer your question. The main source says "scholars of antiquity", other sources say "scholars", "biblical scholars and classical historians" and "historians". Sources do not say "X scholars" or "Christian scholars", so do not modify it as such, for that will make it deviate from what the sources state. The source says "virtually all", so do NOT change it to "most", "several", "many", etc. Thank you. ----> men prèske tout chèchè modèn [[Ansyènte klasik|ansyènte]] dakò ke [[Istorisite Jezi|Jezi te egziste istorikman]].{{efn |name=exist|Nan yon revizyon etid modèn yo an 2011, [[Bart D. Ehrman]] te ekri, "Li sètènman te egziste, jan prèske tout chèchè konpetan ansyènte, kretyen kou pa kretyen, dakò sou sa."{{sfn|Ehrman|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376/page/n298 285]}} [[Richard A. Burridge]] di: "Gen moun ki sipòte lide ke Jezi se yon envansyon imajinasyon Legliz la, ke pat gen okenn Jezi menm. Mwen oblije di mwen pa konnen okenn chèchè kritik respektab ki di sa ankò."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jesus Now and Then |first1=Richard A. |last1=Burridge |first2=Graham |last2=Gould |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34 34] |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34}}</ref> [[Robert M. Price]] pa kwè Jezi te egziste men li dakò ke pèspektiv sa a kontrè ak opinyon majorite chèchè yo.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Robert M. |last=Price |title=Jesus at the Vanishing Point |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus: Five Views |editor-last1=Beilby |editor-last2=Eddy |year=2009 |publisher=InterVarsity |isbn=978-0-8308-7853-6 |editor-first=James K. |pages=55, 61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |editor2-first=Paul R. |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112540/https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[James D. G. Dunn]] rele teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo "yon tèz konplètman mouri".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Dunn|first=J. D. G.|author-link1=James Dunn (theologian)|title=Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus |encyclopedia=Sacrifice and Redemption |editor-first1=Stephen W. |editor-last1=Sykes |editor-link1= Stephen Sykes|year=2007 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511659522.005 |isbn=978-0-521-04460-8 |pages=35–36}}</ref> Dapre [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]] (yon [[Klasisis|klasisis]]), "Nan dènye ane yo [an 2004], 'okenn chèchè serye pa janm ozewa sipoze Jezi pa t egziste istorikman' oswa omwen trè piti, epi yo pa reyisi elimine prèv ki pi solid, vrèman abondan, ki di kontrè a."<ref>{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Grant |title=Jesus|publisher=Phoenix |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-684-14889-2 |page=200}}</ref> [[Robert E. Van Voorst]] di chèchè biblik ak istoryen klasik konsidere teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo kòm efektivman refite.{{sfn|Van Voorst|2000|p=16}} Nan yon atik pou ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', [[Candida Moss]] ak Joel Baden di, "gen yon konsansis prèske inivèsèl nan mitan chèchè biblik yo&nbsp;– pa vre yo omwen&nbsp;– ke Jezi te, an reyalite, yon vrè nonm."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |title=So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=5 October 2014 |author-first2=Joel |author-last2=Baden |author-link1=Candida Moss|author-first1=Candida |author-last1=Moss |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205210029/https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Dapre [[Tradisyon kretyen|tradisyon kretyen]], jan yo prezante l nan Evanjil yo ak [[Travay Apot yo]], Jezi [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|te sikonsi]] nan wityèm jou, [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezante]] nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] nan karantyèm jou. Jan [[Jan Batis]] te [[Batèm Jezi|batize]] li lè li te yon jenn adilt, epi apre [[Tantasyon Kris|40 jou ak 40 nwit]] jèn nan [[Dezè Jide a|dezè Jide a]], li te kòmanse [[Ministè Jezi|ministè piblik li]]. Li te yon [[Metèd vwayajè|metèd ekòl vwayajè]] ke disip li yo te kwè li te gen otorite divin pou entèprete [[Halakha|lalwa jwif la]]. Jezi souvan te diskite ak lòt jwif, pi souvan [[Farizyen|farizyen]] ak [[Sadiseyen|sadiseyen]], sou pi bon fason pou swiv [[Bondye nan jidayis|Bondye]]; li te fè gerizon; li te anseye nan [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]]; epi li te rasanble disip, 12 nan yo li te chwazi kòm [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li. Dapre istwa Nouvo Testaman yo, Jezi te arete nan [[Jerizalèm]] epi [[Jijman Jezi devan Sanedren an|jije]] pa [[Sanedren|Sanedren an]];{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=11}} apre sa yo te lanse l bay otorite women yo, epi li te [[Krisifiksyon Jezi|krisifye]] sou lòd [[Ponsyis Pilat]], prefè women [[Jide (pwovens women)|Jide]]. Nan [[Teyoloji kretyen|teyoloji kretyen]], [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|Rezirèksyon]] se evènman kote Jezi te leve soti vivan nan [[Lanmò|lanmò]], twa jou apre lanmò li, epi kwayans sa a te vin fondasyon [[Krisyanis primitif|Legliz kretyen primitif la]], ki te elaji nan yon [[Gaye Krisyanis|mouvman mondyal]].{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=11, 14}} Teyoloji kretyen gen ladan l kwayans ke Jezi te konsevwa pa [[Sentespri nan Krisyanis|Sentespri]], te [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|fèt nan yon vyèj]] ki rele [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], te fè [[Mirak Jezi|mirak]], te fonde [[Legliz kretyen|Legliz kretyen an]], te mouri sou kwa kòm yon sakrifis pou [[Ekspiyasyon nan Krisyanis|ekspiyasyon peche]], te leve soti vivan pa Bondye Papa a, epi te [[Asansyon Jezi|monte]] nan [[Syèl nan Krisyanis|Syèl la]], kote li pral retounen. Kretyen jeneralman kwè Jezi pèmèt moun [[Bondye nan Krisyanis|rekonsilye ak Bondye]]. [[Kredo Nise|Kredo Nise a]] afime Jezi pral [[Dènye Jijman|jije vivan yo ak mò yo]], swa [[Eta entèmedyè (Krisyanis)|anvan]] swa [[Mòtalis kretyen|apre]] [[Rezirèksyon mò yo#Krisyanis|rezirèksyon kò yo]], yon evènman ki asosye ak [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi|Dezyèm Vini Jezi a]] nan [[Eskatoloji kretyen|eskatoloji kretyen]]. Anpil branch kretyen konsidere Jezi kòm enkanasyon Bondye Pitit la, dezyèm nan twa [[prosopon|pèsòn]] [[Trinite|Trinite a]].{{efn|Yon ti minorite nan konfesyon kretyen rejte trinitarism, nèt oswa an pati, kòm ki pa nan Ekriti yo.}} [[Nesans Jezi]] nan vil [[Jide|jide]] [[Betleyèm]] nan selebre chak ane, jeneralman nan 25 desanm,{{efn|Pifò kretyen ak [[Alawit|alawit]] selebre Nwèl. Yon pati nan [[Krisyanis oryantal|legliz kretyen oryantal]] yo selebre Nwèl nan 25 desanm [[Kalandriye jilyen|kalandriye jilyen]], ki kounye a koresponn ak 7 janvye nan [[Kalandriye gregoryen|kalandriye gregoryen]]. Selebrasyon Nwèl yo kòmanse nan [[Veyè Nwèl]], jeneralman 24 desanm.}} kòm [[Nwèl]]. [[Krisifiksyon]] li komemore nan [[Vandredi Sen]] epi rezirèksyon li nan [[Dimanch Pak]]. [[Epòk kalandriye]] ki pi lajman itilize nan mond lan—kote ane aktyèl la se [[Anno Domini|AD]] {{CURRENTYEAR}} (oswa {{CURRENTYEAR}} [[Epòk komen|CE]])—tradisyonèlman baze sou [[Dat nesans Jezi|dat apwoksimatif nesans Jezi]].<ref>{{cite dictionary |year=2003 |title=anno Domini |dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Anno%20Domini |access-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222112520/http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/anno%20domini |archive-date=22 December 2007 |quote=Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of our Lord |url-status=live}}.</ref> [[Opinyon jwif sou Jezi|Jidayis dominan an rejte]] kwayans ke Jezi te mesi yo t ap tann nan, e li di li pat akonpli [[Mesi nan jidayis|pwofesi mesyanik yo]], li pat [[Onksyone|onksyone]] nan fòm lalwa, epi li pat ni divin ni resisite. Kontrèman, [[Jezi nan Islam]]{{efn|Souvan yo rele l pa non koranik li, {{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[Isa (non)|ʿĪsā]]}}}} konsidere kòm [[Mesi#Islam|mesi a]] ak yon [[Pwofèt ak mesaje nan Islam|pwofèt]] [[Bondye nan Islam|Bondye]], ki te voye bay [[Izrayelit|Izrayelit yo]] epi ki [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi#Islam|pral retounen sou Latè]] anvan [[Jou Jijman nan Islam|Jou Jijman an]]. [[Mizilman]] kwè Jezi te fèt nan vyèj [[Mari nan Islam|Mari]] men li pat ni Bondye ni pitit Bondye. Pifò Mizilman [[Opinyon islamik sou lanmò Jezi|pa kwè yo te touye l oswa krisifye l]], men Bondye [[Antre nan syèl vivan|te leve l nan Syèl la pandan li te toujou vivan]].{{efn|Gen kèk Mizilman nan Mwayennaj ki te kwè Jezi te krisifye, kon manm mouvman modèn Ahmadiyya a; gade {{slink||Islamic perspectives}}.}} Jezi tou venere nan [[Lafwa Bahayi]] ak [[Relijyon dwouz|relijyon dwouz]], ansanm ak nan [[Rastafari]]. {{TOC limit|3}} == Non == {{Further|Jezi (non)|Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|Non sen Jezi|Non Bondye nan Krisyanis}} [[File:JesusYeshua2.svg|thumb|Soti anwo agòch: transkripsyon [[Arameyen|arameyen]], [[Lang ebre|ebre]], [[Lang grèk|grèk]], [[Laten|laten]] ak angle non ''Jezi'']] Yon jwif nan tan Jezi souvan [[Non jwif|te gen yon sèl non]], pafwa swivi pa yon fraz [[Patwonim|patwonimik]] ki gen fòm "pitit [non papa a]", oswa pa vil kote li soti a.<ref name="Britannica" /> Konsa, nan Nouvo Testaman an, souvan yo refere a Jezi kòm "Jezi [[Nazarèt]]".{{efn|Atik sa a itilize sitasyon ki soti nan [[Nouvo Vèsyon Revize Estanda]] Bib la.}} Vwazen Jezi yo nan Nazarèt te rele l "bòs bòs la, pitit [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]] ak frè [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jak jenn nan|Jozès]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]", "pitit bòs bòs la", oswa "pitit [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]]"; nan [[Evanjil Jan|Evanjil Jan an]], disip [[Filip apot la|Filip]] rele l "Jezi pitit Jozèf, moun Nazarèt".<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:45}}</ref> Non ''Jezi'' se transliterasyon angle, atravè laten ''Iesus'', de {{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, ki se vèsyon grèk non ebre יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ ''Yehoshua'' (Yehōšuᵃʿ).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Greek: 2424. Ἰησοῦς (Iésous) -- Jesus |url=https://biblehub.com/greek/2424.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The Greek name corresponds to the Hebrew "Joshua."''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1">{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The name Jesus, in Greek, answers to Joshua, or rather, Jehoshuah, in Hebrew, which signifies Jehovah shall save;'' […] ''It was not without reason that the successor of Moses was called by this name; for, by subduing the Canaanites, and putting the tribes of Israel in possession of the promised land, he showed himself to be, under God, the Saviour of his people. But this name agrees much better to our Jesus, who both delivers his followers from much more dangerous enemies, and divides unto them a much more glorious inheritance.''}}</ref> Non ebre/[[Arameyen|arameyen]] sa a te komen nan mitan jwif [[Jide|jide]] yo nan epòk nesans Jezi,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Barnes' Notes |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''It was a very common name among the Jews.''}}</ref> byenke nan peryòd sa a li te deja rakousi an יֵשׁוּעַ ''[[Yeshua]]'' (Yešūᵃʿ);<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3442. יֵשׁ֫וּעַ (Yeshua) -- Yeshua, Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3442.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûaʿ) is the late, shortened spelling of the earlier name יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (Yehōšûaʿ, "Joshua").}}</ref> kontraksyon an te deja fèt nan liv biblik ki pi ta tankou [[Liv Neyemi|Neyemi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=H3442 - yēšûaʿ - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) |url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/gen/1/1/s_1001 |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=Blue Letter Bible |quote=''Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon: יֵשׁוּעַ [Jeshua] a contracted form of the proper name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ used in the later Hebrew ... proper name of other men, mentioned in the books of Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah''}}</ref> kote yo rele [[Jozye]] ''Yeshua''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehemiah 8:17 Hebrew Interlinear: ... for the sons of Israel had not done, from the days of '''Jeshua [יֵשׁוּעַ, Yeshua] son of Nun''' ... |url=https://biblehub.com/interlinear/nehemiah/8-17.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> Non an vle di "[[Tetragram|Bondye]] sove" an ebre, literalman "[[Yawe]] sove",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3091. יְהוֹשׁ֫וּעַ (Yehoshua) -- Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Both Joshua son of Nun and Jesus of Nazareth bear the name "Yahweh saves"''}}</ref> soti nan [[Rasin semitik|rasin]] ישׁע (''y-š-ʿ,'' 'sove') ak non יְשׁוּעָה (''yeshuah'', 'sali'). [[Evanjil Matye|Evanjil Matye a]] afime siyifikasyon etimolojik non Jezi a klèman nan pwofesi zanj lan bay Jozèf sou nesans li: "w ap rele l Jezi (Ἰησοῦς), paske l ap sove pèp li a anba peche yo".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:21}}.</ref> Chèchè yo bay enpòtans teyolojik a lefèt ke siksesè [[Moyiz]], [[Jozye]], pote menm non ak Jezi nan grèk, ebre ak arameyen orijinal yo, paske souvan yo fè yon paralèl ant de lidè yo ak etimoloji non yo pataje a ('sove'): Jozye mennen jwif yo nan [[Peyi Pwomiz la]], pandan nan Kretyen Jezi konprann kòm moun ki sove jwif ak [[Payen|payen]] anba peche yo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Matthew Poole's Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua had his name from the same word, because he was to be a temporal saviour to save the Jews, the whole body of the Jews, from the Canaanites their enemies. This Jesus was to save his people, all that should believe in his name, whether Jews or Gentiles, from their sins.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Vincent's Word Studies |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/vws/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Under Joshua the enemies of Israel were conquered, and the people established in the Promised Land. So Jesus leads his people in the fight with sin and temptation.''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua who led the Israelites into the Promised Land, and Joshua or Jeshua, who was high priest at the time of the return from the Babylonish Captivity, are types of Jesus Christ in respect both of work and name.''}}</ref> === Jezikri === {{Further|Kris (tit)}} Depi 1ye syèk la, kretyen yo souvan refere a Jezi kòm "Jezikri".{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=212}} Mo [[Kris (tit)|''Kris'']] la pa yon non bay men se te orijinèlman yon [[Twa fonksyon Kris la|tit oswa yon biwo]] ("Kris la"), ki vle di "[[Mesi|Mesi a]]".{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=30–31}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Theology of the New Testament |first=Rudolf K. |last=Bultmann |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-932792-93-5 |page=80 |publisher=Baylor University Press}}</ref> Tèm nan soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|[[wikt:Χριστός|Χριστός]]}} ({{tlit|grc|Christos}}),<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle= Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ |first=Anthony J. |last= Maas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Heil |first=John P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |title=Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-58983-482-8 |page=66 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173832/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> yon [[Kalk|kalk]] mo ebre {{lang|he|[[wikt:מָשִׁיחַ|משיח]]}} {{tlit|he|[[Mesi nan jidayis|mashiakh]]}} (Mašiᵃḥ), ki transliterasyone an angle kòm ''messiah''.{{sfn|Vine|1940|pp=274–275}} Tèm ebre a vle di "[[Onksyone|onksyone]]", soti nan vèb מָשַׁח (''mashaḥ''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 4886. מָשַׁח (mashach)|url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4886.htm|access-date=21 January 2026|website=biblehub.com|quote=Lexical summary: "to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint"}}</ref> Nan jidayis biblik la, [[Lwil onksyon sakre|lwil sakre]] te itilize pou onksyone kèk moun ak objè eksepsyonèlman sakre kòm yon pati nan envestitir relijyez yo.<ref>Gade [[Levitik]] 8:10–12 ak [[Egzòd 30]]:29.</ref> Nan [[Septant|Septant la]], yo te tradui mo ebre a an grèk kòm χριστός (''christos''), ki vle di "onksyone",<ref>{{Cite web |title=χριστός Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χριστός&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=of persons, anointed}}</ref> soti nan vèb χρίω (''chrio''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=χρίω Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χρίω&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=Autenrieth: smear with oil, anoint, LSJ: rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil}}</ref> Premye kretyen yo te nonmen Jezi "Kris la" paske yo te kwè li se Mesi a ("moun ki onksyone a") ki te [[Jezi ak pwofesi mesyanik|pwofetize]] nan [[Bib ebre a]] (Ansyen Testaman an). Nan itilizasyon apre epòk biblik la, ''Kris'' te vin wè kòm yon non—yon pati nan "Jezikri". Tèm ''[[Kretyen|kretyen]]'', ki vle di yon disip Kris, ap itilize depi 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA142 142]}} == Lavi ak ansèyman nan Nouvo Testaman an == {{Main|Lavi Jezi}} {{Further|Kote Nouvo Testaman asosye ak Jezi}} {{Gospel Jesus|state=collapsed}} === Levanjil kanonik yo === {{Main|Levanjil|Amoni levanjil yo|Fyabilite istorik levanjil yo}} [[File:Dublin, Chester Beatty Ms Papyrus 45 BP I ff.13-14 Luke 11.50-12.12; 12.18-37; 12.42-13.1; 13.jpg|alt=Yon manyiskri papirus kat paj, ki chire an plizyè kote|thumb|Yon [[Papirus|papirus]] grèk 3yèm syèk [[Levanjil Lik|Levanjil Lik la]]]] Kat [[Levanjil kanonik|levanjil kanonik]] yo ([[Levanjil Matye|Matye]], [[Levanjil Mak|Mak]], [[Levanjil Lik|Lik]] ak [[Levanjil Jan|Jan]]) se sous prensipal pou lavi ak mesaj Jezi.<ref name="Britannica" /> Lòt pati nan Nouvo Testaman an gen ladan yo tou referans a gwo epizòd nan lavi li, tankou [[Dènye Soupe a]] nan [[1 Korentyen 11]]:23–26.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|11:23–26|9}}.</ref>{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=441–442}}<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}} [[Travay Apot yo]]<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|10:37–38|9}} and {{bibleverse|Acts|19:4|9}}.</ref> fè referans a premye ministè Jezi ak fason [[Jan Batis]] te anonse l davans.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Book of the Acts|series=New International Commentary on the New Testament|first=Frederick F. |last=Bruce |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-2505-6 |page=362 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref>{{sfn|Rausch|2003|p=77}}{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} Travay 1:1–11<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|1:1–11|9}}.</ref> bay plis detay sou [[Asansyon Jezi]]<ref>also mentioned in {{bibleverse|1 Timothy|3:16}}.</ref> pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}} Nan [[Lèt pòl yo#Otantisite|lèt pòl yo ki pa diskite]], ki te ekri anvan levanjil yo, yo site plizyè fwa pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians 7:10–11, 9:14, 11:23–25|multi=yes}}, {{bibleverse|2 Corinthians|12:9}}.</ref>{{efn|Powell ekri: "[Pòl] site pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi nan kèk kote,<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Cor. 7:10–11; 9:14; 11:23–25|multi=yes}}; {{bibleverse|2 Cor.|12:9}}; cf. {{bibleverse|Acts|20:35}}</ref> men nan pifò ka li montre ti enterè pou detay lavi ak ministè Jezi sou tè a."<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Mark A. |title=Introducing the New Testament |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe |url-access=limited |date=2009 |publisher=Baker |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe/page/248 248] |isbn=978-0-8010-2868-7}}</ref>}} Gen kèk gwoup [[Premye kretyen|kretyen primitif]] ki te gen deskripsyon separe sou lavi ak ansèyman Jezi ki pa nan Nouvo Testaman an. Ladan yo gen [[Levanjil Toma]], [[Levanjil Pyè]], [[Levanjil Jida]], [[Apokrif Jak]], ak [[Apokrif Nouvo Testaman|anpil lòt ekri apokrif]]. Pifò chèchè konkli tèks sa yo te ekri pi ta epi yo mwens fyab sou plan istorik pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Brown|1997|pp=835–840}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=C. A. |title=Exploring the Origins of the Bible |date=2008 |publisher=Baker |page=154}}</ref>{{sfn|Keener|2009|p=56}} ==== Otè, dat ak fyabilite ==== Levanjil kanonik yo se kat istwa, chak youn atribiye a yon otè diferan. Jeneralman yo konsidere otè levanjil yo kòm psedonim, e tradisyon atribiye yo a [[Kat evanjelis yo|kat evanjelis yo]], chak asosye ak Jezi oswa ak disip pwòch li yo:{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} Mak a [[Jan Mak]], yon asosye [[Sen Pyè|Pyè]];<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> [[Matye apot la|Matye]] a youn nan [[Disip (Krisyanis)|disip]] Jezi yo;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} [[Lik evanjelis la|Lik]] a yon konpayon [[Pòl apot la|Pòl]] ki mansyone nan kèk lèt;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} epi Jan a yon lòt disip Jezi,{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} "[[Disip byenneme a|disip byenneme a]]".{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, St.}} Dapre [[Priyorite markyèn|priyorite markyèn nan]], premye levanjil ki te ekri a se [[Levanjil Mak]] (ane 60–75 apre Jezikri), swivi pa Levanjil Matye (65–85), Levanjil Lik (65–95), ak Levanjil Jan (75–100).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |title=Can We Trust the Gospels?: Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |publisher=Crossway |year=2007 |page=58 |isbn=978-1-4335-1978-9 |first=Mark D. |last=Roberts |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907174109/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pifò chèchè dakò otè Matye ak Lik te itilize Mak kòm sous pou levanjil yo. Kòm Matye ak Lik pataje tou kèk kontni ki pa nan Mak, anpil chèchè konkli yo te itilize yon [[Sous Q|sous Q]] ipotetik anplis Mak, pandan yon kantite k ap grandi sipòte [[Ipotèz Farrer|ipotèz Farrer]] oswa [[Ipotèz posteryorite matyèn|Posteryorite matyèn nan]], kote Matye ak Lik te itilize youn lòt dirèkteman.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Runesson|first=Anders|title=Jesus, New Testament, Christian Origins|date=2021|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=9780802868923}}</ref><ref name="TSP20222">{{Cite book |title=The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference|publisher=Peeters Pub and Booksellers|year=2023|isbn=9789042950344|pages=5|editor-first1=Olegs|editor-last1=Andrejevs|editor-first2=Simon J. |editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first3=‎Edmondo|editor-last3=Lupieri|editor-first4=Joseph|editor-last4=Verhayden}}</ref>{{sfn|Licona|2010|pp=210–221}} Lik ak Matye trete sous yo yon fason ki pi konsèvatè pase lòt istoryen ansyen tankou [[Diodò Sisil]], byenke paralèl ak varyasyon levanjil sinoptik yo se kalite ki tipik nan byografi istorik ansyen.<ref name="Kloppenborg 49–79">{{Cite journal |last=Kloppenborg|first=John|title=Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?|journal=Ephemerides Theologicae Lovaniensis|volume=83|issue=1|pages=49–79}}</ref><ref name="Licona 2016 XIII-XIV">{{Cite book |last=Licona |first=Mike |title=Why are there Differences in the Gospels? What we can Learn from Ancient Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0190264260 |pages=XIII-XIV}}</ref> Yon aspè enpòtan nan etid levanjil yo se [[Jan literè|jan literè]] kote yo klase.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Burridge|first1=R. A. |year=2006|chapter=Gospels|editor-first1=J. W. |editor-last1=Rogerson|editor-first2=Judith M. |editor-last2=Lieu|title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=433}}</ref> Si otè levanjil yo te vle ekri woman, mit, istwa oswa byografi, sa gen yon gwo enpak sou fason pou entèprete zèv yo.<ref>Talbert, C. H. (1977). ''What is a Gospel? The Genre of the Canonical Gospels''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Fortress Press.</ref><ref>Wills, L. M. (1997). ''The Quest of the Historical Gospel: Mark, John and the Origins of the Gospel Genre''. London: Routledge. p. 10.</ref><ref>Burridge, R. A. (2004). ''What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography''. revised updated edn. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.</ref> Byenke li pa san kritik,<ref>e.g. Vines, M. E. (2002). ''The Problem of the Markan Genre: The Gospel of Mark and the Jewish Novel''. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 161–162.</ref> opinyon ki di levanjil yo se yon kalite byografi ansyen reprezante konsansis chèchè jodi a.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stanton |first=Graham N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |title=Jesus and Gospel |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-00802-0 |page=192 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005236/https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogerson |first1=J. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies |last2=Lieu |first2=Judith M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-925425-5 |page=437 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225204746/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |archive-date=25 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Konsènan egzaktitid istwa yo, opinyon yo varye depi sa ki konsidere yo kòm deskripsyon [[Inerans biblik|san erè]] lavi Jezi,{{sfn|Grudem|1994|pp=90–91}} rive sa ki dwe sou fyabilite istorik yo sou divès pwen,{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}} jiska sa ki konsidere yo kòm bay trè piti enfòmasyon istorik sou lavi li apa de baz yo.{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=117–125}}{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|pp=22–23}} ==== Estrikti ak kontni konparatif ==== {{Christianity sidebar}} Matye, Mak ak Lik rele levanjil sinoptik yo, soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|σύν}} ({{tlit|grc|syn}}, 'ansanm') ak {{lang|grc|ὄψις}} ({{tlit|grc|opsis}}, 'vizyon'),<ref name="Haffner-2008" /><ref name="Scroggie-1995" /><ref>{{OED|synoptic}}</ref> paske yo sanble nan kontni, aranjman naratif, lang ak estrikti paragraf, epi yo ka mete youn akote lòt fasilman pou konparezon sinoptik.<ref name="Haffner-2008">{{cite book |title=New Testament Theology |first=Paul |last=Haffner |year=2008 |isbn=978-88-902268-0-9 |page=135 |publisher=Gracewing}}</ref><ref name="Scroggie-1995">{{cite book |title=A Guide to the Gospels |first=W. Graham |last=Scroggie |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8254-9571-7 |page=128 |publisher=[[Kregel Publications]]}}</ref><ref>{{Britannica URL |title=Synoptic Gospels |url=topic/Synoptic-Gospels}}</ref> Chèchè yo jeneralman dakò li enposib jwenn yon relasyon literè dirèk ant levanjil sinoptik yo ak Levanjil Jan an.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel of John |first1=Francis J. |last1=Moloney |first2=Daniel J. |last2=Harrington |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8146-5806-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3 3] |publisher=Liturgical Press |url=https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3}}</ref> Anpil evènman—tankou batèm Jezi, krisifiksyon l ak relasyon l ak [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li yo—parèt nan levanjil sinoptik yo, men ensidan tankou [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|transfigirasyon an]] ak [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]] Jezi{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}} pa parèt nan Jan, ki diferan tou sou lòt pwen, tankou [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|netwayaj Tanp lan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ladd |first=George E. |title=A Theology of the New Testament |year=1993 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-0680-2 |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907103156/https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil sinoptik yo mete aksan sou diferan aspè Jezi. Nan Mak, Jezi se [[Pitit Bondye (Krisyanis)|Pitit Bondye]] ki gen zèv pwisan yo montre prezans [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Yo prezante l kòm yon moun k ap fè mirak san repo ak sèvitè Bondye kou lèzòm.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Thompson|editor-first1=Frank Charles|title=The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible|publisher=Kirk Bride Bible Company & Zondervan Bible Publishers|year=1983|pages= 1563–1564}}</ref> Kout levanjil sa a anrejistre relativman kèk pawòl oswa gwo ansèyman Jezi.<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Levanjil Matye a mete aksan sou lefèt Jezi se akonplisman volonte Bondye jan yo revele l nan Ansyen Testaman an ak Senyè Legliz la.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Matthew|pages=1171–1212}}</ref> Yo prezante l kòm "[[Liyaj davidik|Pitit David]]", yon "wa", ak Mesi a.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" />{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=4–6}} Lik prezante Jezi kòm sovè diven-imen ki montre konpasyon pou moun nan nesesite.<ref name="May Metzger Luke">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Luke|pages=1240–1285}}</ref> Yo montre l kòm zanmi moun k ap fè peche ak moun yo rejte, ki te vini chèche ak sove moun ki pèdi yo.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Levanjil sa a gen ladan l parabòl byen konnen, tankou [[Bon Samariten an]] ak [[Pitit pèdi a|Pitit Pèdi a]].<ref name="May Metzger Luke" /> [[Pwològ Levanjil Jan an]] idantifye Jezi kòm yon enkanasyon Pawòl divin lan ([[Logos (Krisyanis)|Logos]]).<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=John|pages=1286–1318}}</ref> Kòm Pawòl la, yo dekri Jezi kòm etènèlman prezan avèk Bondye, aktif nan tout kreyasyon an, ak sous nati moral ak espirityèl limanite.<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn" /> Nan levanjil sa a, yo prezante Jezi kòm pa sèlman pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt imen nan tan pase, men pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt ki ka egziste: li pa sèlman pale Pawòl Bondye; li se Pawòl Bondye.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi revele wòl divin li piblikman epi yo dekri l kòm [[Pen lavi a]], [[Limyè mond lan]], [[Vrè Pye Rezen an]], ak plis ankò.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Otè Nouvo Testaman an jeneralman te montre ti enterè pou etabli yon [[Kwonoloji Jezi|kwonoloji]] absoli lavi Jezi oswa pou senkwonize epizòd lavi li ak istwa laïk epòk la.{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}} Jan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#21:25|Jan 21:25]] di l, levanjil yo pa pretann bay yon lis konplè evènman nan lavi Jezi.<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Collins |first=Gerald |title=Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-955787-5 |pages=1–3}}</ref> Yo te ekri istwa yo sitou kòm dokiman teyolojik nan kontèks [[Krisyanis primitif|kretyen primitif]], ak kwonoloji kòm yon konsiderasyon segondè.<ref name="Wiarda75">{{cite book |title=Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology |first=Timothy |last=Wiarda |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8054-4843-6 |pages=75–78 |publisher=B&H}}</ref> Levanjil yo konsakre apeprè yon tyè nan tèks yo a dènye semèn lavi Jezi nan [[Jerizalèm]], ke yo rele [[Pasyon (Krisyanis)|Pasyon an]].<ref name="Turner613">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=David L. |last=Turner |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8010-2684-3 |page=613 |publisher=Baker}}</ref> Yo pa bay ase detay pou satisfè egzijans istoryen modèn yo konsènan dat egzak, men li posib pou tire yon imaj jeneral istwa lavi Jezi nan yo.{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}}{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}}<ref name="Wiarda75" /> === Jenealoji ak nesans === {{Main|Jenealoji Jezi|Nativite Jezi}} Jezi te jwif,{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} li te fèt nan [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], madanm [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]].<ref>[[Matye 1]]; [[Lik 2]].</ref> Levanjil Matye ak Lik ofri de istwa diferan sou [[Jenealoji|jenealoji]] li. Matye trase zansèt Jezi jiska [[Abraram]] pa [[David]],<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:1–16}}.</ref>{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=80–91}} pandan Lik trase zansèt Jezi pa [[Adan]] jiska Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–38}}.</ref>{{sfn|Brown|1978|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC&pg=PA163 163]}} Lis yo idantik ant Abraram ak David men yo diferan anpil apati pwen sa a; Matye gen 27 jenerasyon ant David ak Jozèf, pandan Lik gen 42, ak prèske pa gen okenn non ki parèt nan de lis yo.{{efn|Konpare {{bibleverse|Matthew|1:6–16|NIV}} ak {{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–31|NIV}}. Gade tou {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Konparezon de jenealoji yo}}.}}<ref>{{cite book |last=France |first=R. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |title=The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8028-0063-3 |page=72 |author-link=R. T. France |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229004519/https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live}} "From David the two lists diverge, as Matthew follows the line of succession to the throne of Judah from Solomon, whereas Luke's list goes through Nathan, ... and converges with Matthew's only for the two names of Shealtiel and Zerubabbel until Joseph is reached."</ref> Yo pwopoze divès teyori pou eksplike poukisa de jenealoji yo tèlman diferan.{{efn|Pou yon apèsi sou teyori sa yo, gade {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Eksplikasyon pou divèjans lan}}.}} [[File:Gerard van Honthorst - Adoration of the Shepherds (1622).jpg|thumb|left|''Adorasyon bèje yo'' pa [[Gerard van Honthorst]], 1622|alt=Yon sèn nesans; gason ak bèt antoure Mari ak Jezi k ap fèk fèt, ki kouvri ak limyè]] Tou de Matye ak Lik dekri nesans Jezi, sitou ke li te fèt nan yon vyèj ki rele Mari nan [[Betleyèm]] pou akonpli [[Pwofesi|pwofesi]]. Istwa Lik la mete aksan sou evènman anvan [[Nesans Jezi|nesans Jezi]] epi li santre sou Mari, pandan istwa Matye a kouvri pi plis evènman apre nesans lan epi li santre sou Jozèf.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=556}}<ref name="marsh37">{{cite book |title=Jesus and the Gospels |last=Marsh |first=Clive |author-last2=Moyise|author-first2= Steve |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-567-04073-2 |page=37 |publisher=Clark International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907095218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Morris|1992|page=26}} Tou de istwa deklare Mari te fiyanse ak yon nonm ki rele Jozèf, ki te desandan Wa David epi ki pat papa byolojik Jezi, epi tou de sipòte doktrin [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|nesans vyèj Jezi a]], dapre sa Jezi te konsevwa nan yon fason mirakilè pa [[Sentespri]] nan vant Mari lè li te toujou vyèj.<ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=David L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |title=A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-85244-224-1 |pages=538–540 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=30–37}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-26036-7 |pages=96–100 |publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> An menm tan, gen prèv, omwen nan ''Travay Apot yo'' Lik la, ke yo te panse Jezi te gen, tankou anpil figi nan ansyènte, yon doub patènite, paske la yo di li desandan nan semans oswa nan rèl David.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lincoln |first=Andrew T. |date=2013 |title=Luke and Jesus' Conception: A Case of Double Paternity? |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=639–658 |jstor=23487891 |issn=0021-9231}}</ref> Lè Jozèf [[Adopsyon nan jidayis|pran Jezi kòm pwòp pitit li]], yo konprann li ba li desandans davidik ki nesesè a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |last1=Lincoln|first1=Andrew T. |title=Conceiving Jesus: re-examining Jesus' conception in canon, Christology, and creed|publisher=The Severn Forum|date=5 March 2015|page= 4 |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=10 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510100248/http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk chèchè ki sigjere Jezi te gen eritaj [[Levit|levit]] nan bò Mari, dapre relasyon san li ak [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]].<ref>For example, {{citation |title=Carmen 18}}</ref> [[File:Bellini-circumcision-NG1455-fm.jpg|thumb|alt=74.9 × 102.2&nbsp;cm|''Sikonsizyon'' pa [[Giovanni Bellini]], {{circa|1500|lk=no}}. Tablo a dekri [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsizyon Jezi]].]] Nan Matye, Jozèf boulvèse paske Mari, fiyanse li, [[Gwosès|ansent]],<ref>[[Matye 1:19]]–[[Matye 1:20|20]].</ref> men nan premye [[Rèv Sen Jozèf|kat rèv Jozèf]], yon zanj asire l pou l pa pè pran Mari kòm madanm li paske pitit li a te konsevwa pa Sentespri.<ref name="Talbert">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=Charles H. |last=Talbert |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8010-3192-2 |publisher=Baker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |pages=29–30 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan [[Matye 2:1]]–[[Matye 2:12|12]], [[Mag biblik yo|saj]] oswa [[Mag]] ki soti nan [[Oryan]] pote kado bay jenn Jezi kòm [[Jezi, Wa jwif yo|Wa jwif yo]]. Yo jwenn li nan yon kay Betleyèm. [[Ewòd Gran]] tande pale de nesans Jezi epi, tankou li te vle touye l, [[Masak inosan yo|bay lòd pou touye tout ti gason]] nan Betleyèm ak anviwon li. Men, yon zanj avèti Jozèf nan dezyèm rèv li, epi fanmi an [[Sove ale an Ejip|sove ale an Ejip]], answit li retounen epi li etabli nan Nazarèt.<ref name="Talbert" />{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Schnackenburg |first=Rudolf |title=The Gospel of Matthew |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8028-4438-5 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |pages=9–11 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052207/https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Lik 1:31–38, Mari aprann nan men zanj [[Gabriyèl]] ke l ap konsevwa epi bay nesans a yon pitit ki rele Jezi atravè aksyon Sentespri.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> Lè Mari prèt pou akouche, li menm ak Jozèf vwayaje soti nan Nazarèt pou ale nan vil zansèt Jozèf, Betleyèm, pou anrejistre nan resansman [[Sezar Ogis]] te bay lòd fè a. Pandan yo la, Mari bay Jezi nesans, epi kòm yo pa jwenn plas nan oberj la, li mete ti bebe a nan yon [[Manje bèt|manje bèt]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:1–7}}.</ref> Yon [[Anons bay bèje yo|zanj anonse nesans lan bay yon gwoup bèje]], ki ale Betleyèm pou wè Jezi epi answit gaye nouvèl la toupatou.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:8–20}}.</ref> Lik 2:21 rakonte kijan Jozèf ak Mari [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsi ti bebe a nan wityèm jou apre nesans]] epi bay li non Jezi, jan Gabriyèl te kòmande Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:21}}.</ref> Apre [[Prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan|prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan]], Jozèf, Mari ak Jezi retounen Nazarèt.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> === Premye ane, fanmi ak pwofesyon === [[File:William Holman Hunt - The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''[[Jwenn Sovè a nan Tanp lan]]'' pa [[William Holman Hunt]], 1860|alt=Mari ak Jozèf jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan]] Levanjil Lik ak Matye idantifye Nazarèt, yon vil nan [[Galile]] ki nan [[Izrayèl]] jodi a, kòm kay anfans Jezi, kote li te viv ak fanmi li. Byenke Jozèf parèt nan deskripsyon anfans Jezi, pa gen okenn mansyon sou li apre sa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Perrotta |first=Louise B. |title=Saint Joseph: His Life and His Role in the Church Today |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87973-573-9 |pages=21, 110–112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Reverend Archdeacon Kinane |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138 |title=Saint Joseph: His Life, His Virtues, His Privileges, His Power |page=138 |chapter=Section VI – The perpetual virginity of St. Joseph |publisher=Aeterna Press|access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230526/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Lòt manm fanmi li yo, gen ladan yo manman l Mari; [[Frè Jezi yo|kat frè li yo]], [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jezi|Jozès (oswa Jozèf)]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]; ak sè li yo ki pa gen non, mansyone nan Levanjil yo ak lòt sous.<ref>{{cite book |title=Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth |last=Aslan |first=Reza |author-link=Reza Aslan |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |page=[https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756 36] |isbn=978-1-4000-6922-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756}}</ref> Yo rele grann ak granpapa Jezi nan bò manman l [[Jowakim]] ak [[Sen Ann|Ann]] nan [[Levanjil Jak|Levanjil Jak la]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim |page=194 |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-134-50949-2 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230540/https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim#v=snippet&q=joachim&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Lik la anrejistre ke Mari te fanmi [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]], manman Jan Batis.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Luke|1:5, 36|KJV}}.</ref> Gen kèk sous ekstrabiblik kontanporen ki konsidere Jezi ak Jan Batis kòm kouzen jèmen, sou baz kwayans Elizabèt te pitit fi [[Sobe (sè Sen Ann)|Sobe]], sè Ann.<ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 97.1325.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 120.189.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 145.760 ([[Nicephorus Callistus|Nicéphore Callistus]], ''Historia ecclesiastica'', 2.3).</ref> Levanjil Mak rapòte ke nan kòmansman [[Ministè Jezi|ministè li]], Jezi antre an konfli ak vwazen ak fanmi li.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Manman l ak frè l yo vin chèche l<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:31–35}}.</ref> paske moun ap di [[Sante mantal Jezi|li pèdi tèt li]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:21}}.</ref> Jezi reponn ke disip li yo se vre fanmi li. Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi ak manman l ale nan yon [[Nòs Kana|nòs Kana]], kote li fè premye mirak li sou demann li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:1–11}}.</ref> Pita, li prezan nan krisifiksyon li, epi li eksprime enkyetid pou byennèt li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|19:25–27}}.</ref> Yo rele Jezi yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} ({{tlit|grc|[[tektōn]]}}) nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#6:3|Mak 6:3]], yon tèm ke yo tradisyonèlman konprann kòm "bòs bòs" men ki ka refere tou a moun ki fabrike objè nan divès materyo, ladan yo konstriktè.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry G. |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |title=An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon: The Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek–English Lexicon |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1889 |page=797}}</ref>{{sfn|Dickson|2008|pp=68–69}} Kòm tèm nan gen yon gwo laj siyifikasyon ak "reyalite sosyo-istorik yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} nazarèn komen", Matthew K. Robinson, yon minis ak akademisyen, prefere tradui {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} kòm 'konstriktè-atizan'.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Matthew K. |title="Is This Not the Τέκτων?": Revisiting Jesus's Vocation in Mark 6:3 |journal=Neotestamentica |date=2021 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=431–445 |doi=10.1353/neo.2021.0038}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Robinson |url=https://www.theology.ox.ac.uk/people/matthew-robinson |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> Levanjil yo endike Jezi te kapab li, parafraze ak diskite Ekriti yo, men sa pa nesesèman vle di li te resevwa yon fòmasyon fòmèl kòm eskrib.<ref>{{Atik ansiklopedik|year=2001 |title=Context, family and formation |encyclopedia=Cambridge companion to Jesus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |access-date=14 August 2015 |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |editor-last=Bockmuehl |editor-first=Markus N. A. |pages=14, 21 |isbn=978-0-521-79678-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907175830/https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live|doi=10.1017/CCOL0521792614.002}}</ref> Levanjil Lik rapòte de vwayaj Jezi ak paran li nan Jerizalèm pandan anfans li. Yo vin nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] pou [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezantasyon Jezi]] kòm ti bebe an akò ak lalwa jwif la, kote yon nonm ki rele [[Simeyon (Levanjil Lik)|Simeyon]] fè yon pwofesi sou Jezi ak Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:22–35}}.</ref> Lè Jezi, a laj douz an, pèdi nan yon pèlerinaj Jerizalèm pou [[Pak jwif|Pak jwif la]], paran li jwenn li nan [[Jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan|Tanp lan]] chita nan mitan metèd yo, k ap koute yo epi poze kesyon, epi moun yo sezi pou entèlijans li ak repons li yo. Mari repwoche Jezi paske li te pèdi, epi Jezi reponn li dwe "nan kay Papa l".<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:41–52}}.</ref> === Batèm ak tantasyon === {{Main|Batèm Jezi|Tantasyon Kris}} [[File:El bautismo de Jesús, por José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Batèm Jezi|Batèm Kris]] pa [[Jan Batis]]'', pa [[Almeida Júnior]], 1895|alt=Jan batize Jezi. Sentespri a, an fòm yon toutrèl, anwo l.]] [[Levanjil sinoptik yo]] dekri [[Batèm Jezi|batèm Jezi]] nan [[Rivyè Jouden|Rivyè Jouden an]] ak [[Tantasyon Kris|tantasyon li te fè fas]] pandan karant jou li te pase nan [[Dezè Jide a]] kòm preparasyon pou ministè piblik li.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sheen |first=Fulton J. |title=Life of Christ |year=2008 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-385-52699-9 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165309/https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan chak istwa sa yo, istwa batèm Jezi a vini apre enfòmasyon sou Jan Batis.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=141–143}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}} Yo montre Jan k ap preche repantans pou padon peche, ankouraje moun bay [[Lamòn|lamòn]] bay malere,<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke||3:11}}.</ref> batize moun nan rejyon Rivyè Jouden an anviwon [[Pere]], epi anonse vini yon moun "ki pi pwisan" pase l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:16}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Eerdmans commentary on the Bible |first1=James D. G. |last1=Dunn |first2=John W. |last2=Rogerson |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0 |page=1010 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> [[File:Ary Scheffer - The Temptation of Christ (1854).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Jezi ak Dyab la dekri nan ''[[Tantasyon Kris|Tantasyon Kris la]]'', pa [[Ary Scheffer]], 1854]] Nan Levanjil Mak, Jan Batis batize Jezi, epi lè Jezi soti nan dlo a, li wè [[Sentespri]] ap desann sou li tankou yon toutrèl, epi yon vwa soti nan syèl la pou deklare l Pitit Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:9–11}}.</ref> Se youn nan de evènman Levanjil yo dekri kote yon vwa ki soti nan Syèl la refere a Jezi kòm "Pitit", lòt la se [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|Transfigirasyon an]].{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs">{{cite book |last1=Harding|first1=Mark|title=The Content and the Setting of the Gospel Tradition|last2=Nobbs|first2=Alanna|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8028-3318-1|pages=281–282}}</ref> Answit Lespri a pouse l ale nan dezè a, kote [[Satan]] tante l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:12–13}}.</ref> Apre arestasyon Jan, Jezi kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:14}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Matye, lè Jezi vin kote Jan pou l batize, Jan pwoteste, li di, "Se mwen ki bezwen batize pa ou."<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:14}}.</ref> Jezi di l pou l kontinye ak batèm lan "pou nou akonpli tout jistis".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:15}}.</ref> Answit Matye rakonte twa tantasyon espesifik Satan ofri Jezi nan dezè a.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|4:3–11}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Lik, Sentespri a desann an fòm kò, tankou yon toutrèl, apre tout pèp la fin batize epi pandan Jezi ap [[Prayers of Jesus|priye]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:21–22}}.</ref> Pita, Jan rekonèt Jezi implicitman lè li voye disip li yo poze kesyon sou li.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|7:18–23}}.</ref> Lik dekri tou twa tantasyon Jezi te fè eksperyans nan dezè a anvan li kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|4:1–14}}.</ref> Levanjil Jan an pa rakonte batèm ak tantasyon Jezi.{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Jesus Christ}} Pito, Jan Batis temwaye ke li wè Lespri a desann epi rete sou Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:32}}.</ref>{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&pg=PA292 292]}} Jan pwoklame Jezi piblikman kòm [[Ti Mouton Bondye a]], epi kèk nan disip Jan yo vin disip Jezi.{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=17–62}} Anvan yo mete Jan nan prizon, Jezi mennen disip li yo batize,<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:22–24}}.</ref> epi yo batize plis moun pase Jan.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|4:1}}.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Ministry"></span> Ministè piblik === <!-- Anchor names for incoming section link(s) from other page(s) --> {{Main|Ministè Jezi}} [[File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg|thumb|''Diskou sou mòn lan'', pa [[Carl Bloch]], 1877, dekri [[Diskou sou mòn lan|diskou enpòtan Jezi a]].|alt=Jezi chita sou yon mòn, k ap preche yon foul moun]] Levanjil sinoptik yo dekri de gwo kad jewografik nan ministè Jezi. Premye a se Galile, nan nò [[Jide]], kote Jezi fè yon ministè ki gen gwo siksè; dezyèm lan se Jerizalèm, kote yo rejte l epi touye l.<ref name="ISBEO">{{cite web |year=1939 |editor-last=Orr |editor-first=James |title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online |url=http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817024703/http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> Souvan yo rele l "[[Rabi|rabi]]",<ref name="ISBEO" /> Jezi bay mesaj li oralman.<ref name="Dunn2013">{{cite book |last=Dunn |first=James D. G. |title=The Oral Gospel Tradition |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=2013 |pages=290–291}}</ref> Nan istwa sa yo, li entèdi moun ki rekonèt li kòm mesi a—ladan yo moun li geri ak move lespri li ekzòsize yo—pale sou sa (gade [[Sekrè mesyanik|Sekrè mesyanik la]]).{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}} Kontrèman, Levanjil Jan an prezante ministè Jezi kòm ki te fèt sitou nan ak alantou Jerizalèm olye de nan Galile, epi nati divin li pwoklame ak rekonèt pi ouvètman.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Chèchè yo souvan divize ministè Jezi an plizyè etap. Ministè nan Galile a kòmanse lè Jezi retounen Galile apati [[Dezè Jide a]] apre li fin reziste tantasyon [[Satan]]. Answit li preche toupatou nan Galile, epi nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–20]], [[Premye disip Jezi yo|premye disip li yo]]—ki pita pral fòme nwayo Legliz la—rankontre l epi kòmanse swiv li.{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}} Peryòd sa a gen ladan l [[Diskou sou mòn lan]], youn nan gwo diskou Jezi yo,{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermon on the mount: a theological investigation |first=Carl G. |last=Vaught |year=2001 |publisher=Baylor University Press |isbn=978-0-918954-76-3 |pages=xi–xiv}}</ref> ansanm ak [[Kalme tanpèt la|kalmman tanpèt la]], [[Miltiplikasyon pen yo pou 5 000 moun|manje 5 000 moun yo]], [[Jezi mache sou dlo|mache sou dlo]], ak plizyè lòt mirak ak [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]].{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=143–160}} Li fini ak [[Konfesyon Pyè|Konfesyon Pyè a]] ak Transfigirasyon an.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Transfiguration, The |encyclopedia=The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Thought: Son of Man-Tremellius V11 |isbn=978-1-4286-3189-2 |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls |year=1909 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |page=493 |last=Nash |first=Henry S. |editor-first=Samuel M. |editor-last=Jackson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052036/https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Barton132">{{cite book |last=Barton |first=Stephen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994 |title=The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels |date=23 November 2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80766-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994/page/n138 132]–133 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pandan Jezi ap vwayaje pou Jerizalèm, nan sa yo souvan rele ministè Pere a, li retounen nan rejyon kote yo te batize l la, apeprè yon tyè wout pou desann soti nan [[Lak Galile|Lak Galile a]] sou Rivyè Jouden an.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#10:40|Jan 10:40–42]].</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=137}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=211–229}} [[Ministè Jezi#Final ministry in Jerusalem|Dènye faz ministè li a]], nan Jerizalèm, kòmanse ak [[Antre triyonfal nan Jerizalèm|antre triyonfal li]] nan vil la nan [[Dimanch Ram]].{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} Nan Levanjil sinoptik yo, pandan semèn sa a Jezi [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|chase machann lajan yo]] nan [[Dezyèm Tanp lan]], epi [[Maché Jida a|Jida fè yon maché pou trayi]] li. Peryòd sa a kilmine nan [[Dènye Soupe a]] epi, nan istwa Jan an, nan [[Diskou orevwa a]].{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=257–274}} ==== Disip ak swivan ==== {{Main|Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|Voye douz apot yo}} [[File:Brooklyn Museum - The Exhortation to the Apostles (Recommandation aux apôtres) - James Tissot.jpg|thumb|''Egzòtasyon bay apot yo'', pa [[James Tissot]], dekri Jezi k ap pale ak douz disip li yo.]] Nan kòmansman ministè li, Jezi [[Voye douz apot yo|chwazi douz apot]]. Nan Matye ak Mak, Jezi rele kat premye apot li yo, ki se pechè, epi yo dekri yo kite filè yo imedyatman pou swiv li.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–22]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#1:16|Mak 1:16–20]].</ref> Nan Jan, de premye apot Jezi yo te disip Jan Batis okòmansman; Batis la wè Jezi epi rele l Ti Mouton Bondye a, epi de moun yo, ki tande sa, kòmanse swiv Jezi.{{sfn|Brown|1988|pp=25–27}}{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=292–293}} Anplis douz apot yo, entwodiksyon [[Diskou sou plenn nan]] nan Lik idantifye yon gwoup moun ki pi gran kòm disip.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#6:17|Lik 6:17]].</ref> Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#10:1|Lik 10:1–16]], Jezi voye [[Swasanndis disip yo|70 oswa 72 swivan li yo]] de pa de pou prepare vil yo pou vizit li yo pral fè: yo enstwi yo pou yo aksepte òspitalite, geri malad yo, epi pwoklame [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=The Gospel According to Luke |encyclopedia=New Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament |publisher=Liturgical Press |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |page=255 |first=Michael F. |last=Patella |editor-first=Daniel |editor-last=Durken |isbn=978-0-8146-3260-4 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910044704/https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== <span class="anchor" id="Teachings and preachings"></span> Ansèyman ak mirak ==== [[File:Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg|thumb|''[[Jezi ak jenn gason rich la]]'' pa [[Heinrich Hofmann (painter)|Heinrich Hofmann]], 1889]] Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi anseye anpil—souvan nan [[Parabòl|parabòl]]{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=316–346}}—sou Wayòm Bondye a. Jezi pale tou de "[[Pitit Lonm nan]]", yon figi [[Apokalips|apokaliptik]] ki pral vin rasanble moun yo chwazi yo.<ref name="Britannica" /> Jezi mande moun repanti de peche yo epi devwe tèt yo antyèman a Bondye.<ref name="Britannica">{{Britannica |id=303091 |title=Jesus Christ |first1=E.&nbsp;P. |last1=Sanders |first2=Jaroslav J. |last2=Pelikan}}</ref> Li enstwi disip li yo pou yo respekte [[Lalwa jwif la|lalwa jwif la]], byenke gen kèk nan moun ki te viv ansanm avè l ki wè l kòm moun ki vyole lalwa a li menm, pa egzanp nan [[Saba|obsèvans saba a]].<ref name="Britannica" /> Lè yo mande l ki [[Gran kòmandman an|pi gran kòmandman an]], Jezi reponn: "Se pou ou renmen Senyè Bondye ou ak tout kè ou, ak tout nanm ou, ak tout lespri ou ... Epi yon dezyèm ki sanble ak li: 'Se pou ou renmen pwochen ou tankou tèt ou.{{'"}}<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#22:37|Matye 22:37–39]].</ref> Lòt ansèyman etik ki atribiye a Jezi gen ladan yo [[Matye 5:44|renmen lènmi ou yo]], abstni nan [[Rayisman|rayisman]] ak [[Konvwatiz|konvwatiz]], [[Prezante lòt jou a|prezante lòt jou a]], ak [[Padon|padone]] moun ki fè nou peche.<ref>[[Diskou sou mòn lan|Matye 5–7]].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stassen |first1=Glen H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |title=Kingdom Ethics: Following Jesus in Contemporary Context |last2=Gushee |first2=David P. |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8308-2668-1 |pages=102–103, 138–140, 197–198, 295–298 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226062140/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Jan an prezante ansèyman Jezi pa sèlman kòm pwòp predikasyon li men kòm [[Revelasyon|revelasyon]] divin. Pa egzanp, Jan Batis di nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#3:34|Jan 3:34]]: "Moun Bondye voye a pale pawòl Bondye, paske li bay Lespri a san mezi." Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#7:16|Jan 7:16]], Jezi di, "Ansèyman mwen an pa pou mwen men pou moun ki voye m lan." Li repete sa nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#14:10|Jan 14:10]]: "Eske nou pa kwè mwen nan Papa a epi Papa a nan mwen? Pawòl mwen di nou yo, mwen pa di yo pou kont mwen; men se Papa a ki rete nan mwen an ki fè zèv li yo."<ref name="Osborn-1993" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Köstenberger |first=Andreas J. |title=The missions of Jesus and the disciples according to the Fourth Gospel |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8028-4255-8 |pages=108–109}}</ref> [[File:Pompeo Batoni 003.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|''[[Pitit pèdi a|Retou Pitit pèdi a]]'' pa [[Pompeo Batoni]], 1773]] Apeprè 30 parabòl reprezante anviron yon tyè nan ansèyman Jezi anrejistre yo.<ref name="Osborn-1993">{{cite book |first=Eric F. |last=Osborn |year=1993 |title=The emergence of Christian theology |url=https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo |url-access=limited |isbn=978-0-521-43078-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo/page/n115 98] |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1998 |title=The parables of Jesus: lessons in life from the Master Teacher |isbn=978-0-8254-9715-5 |page=10 |publisher=Kregel}}</ref> Parabòl yo parèt toude andedan sèmon ki pi long ak nan lòt kote nan naratif la.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermons of Jesus the Messiah |first=E. Keith |last=Howick |year=2003 |publisher=WindRiver |isbn=978-1-886249-02-8 |pages=7–9}}</ref> Yo souvan gen senbolis ladan yo epi tipikman yo konekte aspè mond fizik la ak reyalite [[Espirityalite|espirityèl]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Friedrich G. |last=Lisco |year=1850 |title=The Parables of Jesus |publisher=Daniels and Smith Publishers |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ/page/n12 9]–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Ashton |last=Oxenden |year=1864 |title=The parables of our Lord? |publisher=William Macintosh Publishers |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ/page/n15 6] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Tèm komen yo gen ladan yo bonte ak jenerozite Bondye, ansanm ak danje ak konsekans transgresyon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |title=Interpreting the Parables |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2012 |page=448 |isbn=978-0-8308-3967-4 |first=Craig L. |last=Blomberg |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910175429/https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk parabòl, tankou sa [[Pitit pèdi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#15:11|Lik 15:11–32]].</ref> ki relativman senp, pandan gen lòt, tankou [[Parabòl grenn k ap grandi a|Grenn k ap grandi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#4:26|Mak 4:26–29]].</ref> ki pi konplèks, pwofon epi difisil pou entèprete.<ref>{{cite web |first=Madeleine I. |last=Boucher |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |title=The Parables |website=Frontline|publisher=PBS |access-date=3 June 2013 |archive-date=10 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810144100/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Lè disip li yo mande l poukisa li pale ak pèp la an parabòl, Jezi reponn disip li chwazi yo te resevwa dwa "konnen sekrè Wayòm syèl la", kontrèman ak rès yo, epi li ajoute: "Paske moun ki genyen, y ap bay li plis epi li pral gen anpil. Men moun ki pa genyen, y ap retire menm sa li genyen an", epi li kontinye di ke pifò nan jenerasyon yo a gen "kè di" epi pou sa yo pa kapab konprann.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#13:10|Matye 13:10–17]].</ref> [[File:Christ cleans leper man.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Jezi geri yon lèp|Jezi ap geri yon lèp]], [[Mozayik|mozayik]] medyeval nan [[Katedral Monreale]], fen 12yèm syèk jiska mitan 13yèm syèk|alt=Jezi, ak yon oreyòl alantou tèt li, poze men l sou yon lèp, konsa li geri l]] Nan istwa levanjil yo, Jezi konsakre yon bon pati nan ministè li pou fè [[Mirak|mirak]], sitou gerizon.{{sfn|Green|McKnight |Marshall|1992|p=299}} Souvan yo klase mirak sa yo an de gwo kategori: mirak gerizon ak mirak sou nati.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=350}}{{sfn|Levine|2006|p=4}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Charlesworth |first1=James H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |title=The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide |date=2008 |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6 |page=113 |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221947/https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak gerizon yo gen ladan yo gerizon maladi fizik, [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]],{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}}{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|p=298}} ak [[Mirak Jezi#Resurrection of the dead|rezirèksyon mò yo]].{{sfn|Green|McKnight|Marshall|1992|p=300}}<ref name="Oxford Companion" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Tabor |first=James |date=22 March 2013 |title=What the Bible Says About Death, Afterlife, and the Future |url=https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823115040/https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |archive-date=23 August 2016 |access-date=13 June 2015 |publisher=UNCC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hoekema |first=Anthony A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |title=The Bible and the Future |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-85364-624-2 |pages=88–89 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak sou nati yo montre otorite sou mond natirèl la epi yo gen ladan yo [[Chanje dlo an diven|chanje dlo an diven]], mache sou dlo, ak kalme yon tanpèt, pami lòt. Jezi atribiye mirak li yo a yon sous divin. Lè opozan l yo akize l chase move lespri ak pouvwa [[Belzebi]], prens move lespri yo, li reponn li fè sa pa "Lespri Bondye" ([[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#12:28|Matye 12:28]]) oswa "dwèt Bondye", e li di li ta ilojik pou Satan mine pwòp domèn li; li mande tou, si li ekzòsize pa Belzebi, "pa ki moun pitit nou yo chase yo?"<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#11:20|Lik 11:20]].</ref><ref name="Britannica" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |title=Zondervan King James Version Commentary: New Testament |last2=Mitchell |first2=Daniel R. |publisher=Zondervan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-310-25150-7 |page=100 |first1=Edward E. |last1=Hindson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910171333/https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Matye 12:31–32, li di anplis ke byenke tout kalite peche, ladan yo "ensilt kont Bondye" oswa "ensilt kont Pitit Lonm nan", ka padone, blasfèm kont "[[Sentespri]] la" p ap janm padone, epi moun ki koupab yo pote peche yo pou tout tan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 12:31-32 - New International Version|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2012%3A31-32&version=NIV|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=30 January 2026}}</ref> Nan Jan, yo dekri mirak Jezi yo kòm "siy", ke li fè pou montre misyon ak idantite li.<ref name="Sign" />{{sfn|Ehrman|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0/page/84 84]}} Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, lè kèk metèd lalwa ak farizyen mande l yon siy mirakilè pou valide otorite li, Jezi refize,<ref name="Sign">{{cite book |title=Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology |year=2001 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-3717-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 198] |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 |first1=Paul J. |last1=Achtemeier |first2=Joel B. |last2=Green |first3=Marianne M. |last3=Thompson}}</ref> li di pa pral gen okenn siy pou yon jenerasyon koripte ak mechan eksepte siy pwofèt [[Jonas]] la. Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, foul moun yo anjeneral reponn ak mirak li yo ak sezisman epi yo prese sou li pou l geri malad yo, pandan nan Jan, yo dekri Jezi kòm mwens bride pa foul yo, ki souvan reponn siy li yo ak lafwa ak konfyans.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=236}} Yon karakteristik komen nan tout naratif mirak yo se ke Jezi fè yo gratis epi li pa mande ni aksepte peman.<ref>{{cite book |last=van der Loos |first=Hendrik |title=The Miracles Of Jesus |year=1965 |publisher=Brill |page=197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165838/https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |url-status=live}}</ref> Istwa mirak yo souvan melanje ak ansèyman, epi mirak yo menm souvan gen yon dimansyon [[Metòd didaktik|didaktik]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The words and works of Jesus Christ |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-310-30940-6 |page=212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |publisher=Zondervan |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910063513/https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Twelftree|1999 |p=95}} Anpil ladan yo mete aksan sou enpòtans lafwa: nan [[Geri dis lèp yo|geri dis lèp yo]] ak [[Leve pitit fi Jayis la|leve pitit fi Jayis la]], pa egzanp, yo di moun ki benefisye yo ke gerizon yo soti nan lafwa yo.{{sfn|Donahue|Harrington |2002|p=182}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Lockyer |first=Herbert |year=1988 |title=All the Miracles of the Bible |isbn=978-0-310-28101-6 |page=235 |publisher=Zondervan}}</ref> Nan ''A Marginal Jew'', chèchè [[John P. Meier]] defann ke "tradisyon mirak sou ministè piblik Jezi yo deja tèlman byen ateste nan divès sous" ke nenpòt "fabrikasyon total pa premye Legliz la, pale an pratik, enposib". Li baze sa sou sous literè tankou Levanjil Matye, Lik ak Jan, ansanm ak ekri istoryen Jozèf (Josephus). Meier sipoze ke "kritè atestasyon miltip sous ak fòm" sipòte konklizyon ke Jezi te fè "zèv eksepsyonèl" ke kontanporen li yo te konsidere kòm mirak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=John Meier |url=http://archive.org/details/Marginal-Jew_vol-2_Meier_1994 |title=A Marginal Jew/Маргинальный еврей |date=November 1994}}</ref> Chèchè [[Paul J. Achtemeier]] sipoze ke mirak sa yo pat inik a Jezi nan mond ansyen an epi yo te konsidere yo kòm ambigi menm pa temwen ki te wè yo. Li note ke Jezi gen chans te fè zèv yo te konprann kòm ekzòsis, ki te "aksepte kòm reyalite pa kontanporen li yo", men yo pa ta dwe konsidere yo kòm gen "valè prèv konsènan Jezi", paske temwen yo te kapab reklame li t ap travay swa ak Satan swa ak Bondye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Achtemeier |first=Paul J. |date=1975 |title=Miracles and the Historical Jesus: A Study of Mark 9:14-29 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43714056 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=471–491 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> Chèchè [[Gregory Sterling]] obsève ke, nan ka sipoze ekzòsis Jezi yo, "Pou Galileyen premye syèk la ki te kwè nan prezans pèsonèl mal an fòm move lespri, zèv Jezi a te yon validasyon ministè li."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sterling |first=Gregory E. |date=1993 |title=Jesus as Exorcist: An Analysis of Matthew 17:14-20; Mark 9:14-29; Luke 9:37-43a |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43721315 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=467–493 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> === Referans === {{Referans Anpil|kolòn=2}} 5pmo2i1n0pdtezj4kztxt3l1v4gecvj 889173 889172 2026-10-23T05:56:13Z Kitanago 19629 /* Referans */ 889173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | non = Jezi Kris | imaj = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | taille image = 200 | lejand = [[Christ pantocrator (Sinaï)|Christ pantocrator nan monastè Sent-Katrin Sinaï]], {{sap-|VI}} | tit = [[Jezi Nazarèt]] ak Pitit Bondye a | dat nesans = ant [[7 av. J.-K.|7]] ak [[5 av. J.-K.|5 anvan epòk nou an]] | lye nesans = [[Bètleyèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]), selon Levanjil yo ; [[Nazarèt]] nan [[Galile (rejyon)|Galile]], selon yon majorite istoryen. | dat lanmò = ant [[30]] et [[33]]<ref>Aujourd'hui, la très grande majorité des chercheurs donnent 30 ou 33, selon la longueur qu'ils estiment du ministère de Jésus, mais selon la tradition, il est mort à trente-trois ans : selon ses dates supposées de naissance, cela donne entre 26 et 28 ; cf. {{chapitre|langue=en|prénom1=Stanley E.|nom1=Porter|titre chapitre=Chronology of the New Testament|auteurs ouvrage=David Noel Freedman et Allen C. Myers (dirs.)|titre ouvrage=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|éditeur=Amsterdam University Press|année=2000|isbn=9789053565032|passage=250}}. Quelques-uns donnent 29 et une petite minorité va jusqu'à 36 ; voir la synthèse de {{Ouvrage|prénom1=Raymond E.|nom1=Brown|lien auteur1=Raymond Edward Brown|titre=La Mort du Messie|éditeur=[[Éditions Bayard|Bayard]]|année=2005|pages totales=1695|passage=1552|isbn=978-2-227-35025-0}} </ref> | lye lanmò = [[Jerizalèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]) | laj lanmò = Anviwon 35 an | non nesans = | lòt non = [[Jezi Nazarèt]]<br />[[Mesi]]<br />[[Trinite (chrisyanis)|Bondye]] | nasyonalite = }} '''Jezi'''{{efn|{{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{transliteration|grc|Iēsoús}}, gen chans soti nan {{langx|he|יֵשׁוּעַ|label=[[Lang ebre|ebre]] oswa [[Arameyen|arameyen]]}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{tlit|und|[[Yeshua|Yēšūaʿ]]}} }} ({{circa|6 a 4 anvan Jezikri}}<!-- "By collating the gospel accounts with historical data and using various other methods, most scholars arrive at a date of birth between 6 and 4 BC for Jesus, though scholarly arguments for a date of birth between 7 and 1 BC have been made" in 'Chronology' section -->{{snd}}ane 30 oswa 33 apre Jezikri), ke yo rele tou '''Jezikri''',{{efn|[[Kopt (lang)|Kopt]]: {{lang|cop|Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ́ρⲓⲥτⲟⲥ}}; [[Geʽez]]: {{lang|gez|መሲህ ኢየሱስ}}; [[Grèk koine|Grèk]]: {{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}; [[Ebre klasik|Ebre]]: {{lang|hbo|ישוע המשיח}}; [[Laten]]: {{lang|la|Iesus Christus}}; [[Slavon legliz|Slavon]]: {{lang|cu|І҆исоу́съ Хрїсто́съ}}; [[Siryak klasik|Siryak]]: {{lang|syc|ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ}}}} '''Jezi Nazarèt''', epi pa [[Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|lòt non ak tit]] ankò, se te yon predikatè [[Jwif|jwif]] ak [[Lis fondatè tradisyon relijye|lidè relijye]] ki te aktif nan [[Jide (pwovens women)|pwovens women Jide]] pandan 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} <!-- Do not merge these. Jesus is — not was — the central figure of Christianity. -->Li se [[Jezi nan Krisyanis|figi santral]] [[Krisyanis]], [[Gwo gwoup relijyon yo|pi gwo relijyon nan mond lan]]. Pifò [[Konfesyon kretyen|branch kretyen]] konsidere Jezi kòm [[Enkanasyon (Krisyanis)|enkanasyon]] [[Bondye Pitit la]] ak [[Mesi#Krisyanis|Mesi]] oswa [[Kris (tit)|Kris]] yo t ap tann nan. Istwa [[Lavi Jezi|lavi Jezi]] yo kontni nan [[Evanjil|Evanjil yo]], sitou nan [[Kat evanjil kanonik yo|kat evanjil kanonik]] [[Nouvo Testaman|Nouvo Testaman an]]. Depi [[Syèk Limyè yo]], [[Rechèch Jezi istorik la|rechèch akademik]] pwodui divès opinyon sou [[Fyabilite istorik evanjil yo|fyabilite istorik evanjil yo]] ak nan ki mezi yo reflete [[Jezi istorik|Jezi istorik la]],{{sfn|Powell|1998|pp=168–173}}{{efn|Ehrman ekri: "Lide ki di istwa evanjil yo pa konplètman egzak men yo toujou enpòtan pou verite relijye yo eseye transmèt la, se yon lide ki byen pataje nan mond chèchè yo, menmsi li pa byen konnen ni kwè deyò mond sa a."<ref>Bart D. Ehrman. [http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium']. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123155853/https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html |date=23 January 2019 }} Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.), The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24{{Clarify|reason=It's unclear if this citation is for one source or multiple sources. Is it a book or an audio lecture?|date=October 2025}}</ref><br />Sanders ekri: "Premye kretyen yo pa t ekri yon naratif sou lavi Jezi, men yo te itilize epi konsa konsève inite endividyèl yo—ti pasaj sou pawòl ak aksyon li. Pita, otè ak editè yo te deplase epi achte inite sa yo. [...] Gen kèk materyèl ki te revize epi gen lòt premye kretyen yo te kreye."{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=57}}}}{{Sfn|Bowman Jr.|Komoszewski|2019|p=22–23}}<ref>{{Cite journal|author-first1=Craig A. |author-last1=Evans|url=https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/54.1.1.pdf|title=Life-of-Jesus Research and the Eclipse of Mythology|journal=Theological Studies |volume=54 |year=1993|pages= 13–14|quote=First, the New Testament Gospels are now viewed as useful, if not essentially reliable, historical sources. Gone is the extreme skepticism that for so many years dominated gospel research. Representative of many is the position of E. P. Sanders and Marcus Borg, who have concluded that it is possible to recover a fairly reliable picture of the historical Jesus.}}</ref><!---- The following paragraph was created by consensus after considerable discussion by a variety of editors. Out of courtesy for this process, please discuss any proposed changes on the talk page before editing it. ----><!-- PLEASE READ THIS FIRST. The following references are WP:RS sources that are used per WP:RS/AC guideline. The issue has been discussed on the talk page at length See the "talk page FAQ" about it; it may answer your question. The main source says "scholars of antiquity", other sources say "scholars", "biblical scholars and classical historians" and "historians". Sources do not say "X scholars" or "Christian scholars", so do not modify it as such, for that will make it deviate from what the sources state. The source says "virtually all", so do NOT change it to "most", "several", "many", etc. Thank you. ----> men prèske tout chèchè modèn [[Ansyènte klasik|ansyènte]] dakò ke [[Istorisite Jezi|Jezi te egziste istorikman]].{{efn |name=exist|Nan yon revizyon etid modèn yo an 2011, [[Bart D. Ehrman]] te ekri, "Li sètènman te egziste, jan prèske tout chèchè konpetan ansyènte, kretyen kou pa kretyen, dakò sou sa."{{sfn|Ehrman|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376/page/n298 285]}} [[Richard A. Burridge]] di: "Gen moun ki sipòte lide ke Jezi se yon envansyon imajinasyon Legliz la, ke pat gen okenn Jezi menm. Mwen oblije di mwen pa konnen okenn chèchè kritik respektab ki di sa ankò."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jesus Now and Then |first1=Richard A. |last1=Burridge |first2=Graham |last2=Gould |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34 34] |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34}}</ref> [[Robert M. Price]] pa kwè Jezi te egziste men li dakò ke pèspektiv sa a kontrè ak opinyon majorite chèchè yo.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Robert M. |last=Price |title=Jesus at the Vanishing Point |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus: Five Views |editor-last1=Beilby |editor-last2=Eddy |year=2009 |publisher=InterVarsity |isbn=978-0-8308-7853-6 |editor-first=James K. |pages=55, 61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |editor2-first=Paul R. |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112540/https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[James D. G. Dunn]] rele teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo "yon tèz konplètman mouri".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Dunn|first=J. D. G.|author-link1=James Dunn (theologian)|title=Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus |encyclopedia=Sacrifice and Redemption |editor-first1=Stephen W. |editor-last1=Sykes |editor-link1= Stephen Sykes|year=2007 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511659522.005 |isbn=978-0-521-04460-8 |pages=35–36}}</ref> Dapre [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]] (yon [[Klasisis|klasisis]]), "Nan dènye ane yo [an 2004], 'okenn chèchè serye pa janm ozewa sipoze Jezi pa t egziste istorikman' oswa omwen trè piti, epi yo pa reyisi elimine prèv ki pi solid, vrèman abondan, ki di kontrè a."<ref>{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Grant |title=Jesus|publisher=Phoenix |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-684-14889-2 |page=200}}</ref> [[Robert E. Van Voorst]] di chèchè biblik ak istoryen klasik konsidere teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo kòm efektivman refite.{{sfn|Van Voorst|2000|p=16}} Nan yon atik pou ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', [[Candida Moss]] ak Joel Baden di, "gen yon konsansis prèske inivèsèl nan mitan chèchè biblik yo&nbsp;– pa vre yo omwen&nbsp;– ke Jezi te, an reyalite, yon vrè nonm."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |title=So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=5 October 2014 |author-first2=Joel |author-last2=Baden |author-link1=Candida Moss|author-first1=Candida |author-last1=Moss |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205210029/https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Dapre [[Tradisyon kretyen|tradisyon kretyen]], jan yo prezante l nan Evanjil yo ak [[Travay Apot yo]], Jezi [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|te sikonsi]] nan wityèm jou, [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezante]] nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] nan karantyèm jou. Jan [[Jan Batis]] te [[Batèm Jezi|batize]] li lè li te yon jenn adilt, epi apre [[Tantasyon Kris|40 jou ak 40 nwit]] jèn nan [[Dezè Jide a|dezè Jide a]], li te kòmanse [[Ministè Jezi|ministè piblik li]]. Li te yon [[Metèd vwayajè|metèd ekòl vwayajè]] ke disip li yo te kwè li te gen otorite divin pou entèprete [[Halakha|lalwa jwif la]]. Jezi souvan te diskite ak lòt jwif, pi souvan [[Farizyen|farizyen]] ak [[Sadiseyen|sadiseyen]], sou pi bon fason pou swiv [[Bondye nan jidayis|Bondye]]; li te fè gerizon; li te anseye nan [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]]; epi li te rasanble disip, 12 nan yo li te chwazi kòm [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li. Dapre istwa Nouvo Testaman yo, Jezi te arete nan [[Jerizalèm]] epi [[Jijman Jezi devan Sanedren an|jije]] pa [[Sanedren|Sanedren an]];{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=11}} apre sa yo te lanse l bay otorite women yo, epi li te [[Krisifiksyon Jezi|krisifye]] sou lòd [[Ponsyis Pilat]], prefè women [[Jide (pwovens women)|Jide]]. Nan [[Teyoloji kretyen|teyoloji kretyen]], [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|Rezirèksyon]] se evènman kote Jezi te leve soti vivan nan [[Lanmò|lanmò]], twa jou apre lanmò li, epi kwayans sa a te vin fondasyon [[Krisyanis primitif|Legliz kretyen primitif la]], ki te elaji nan yon [[Gaye Krisyanis|mouvman mondyal]].{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=11, 14}} Teyoloji kretyen gen ladan l kwayans ke Jezi te konsevwa pa [[Sentespri nan Krisyanis|Sentespri]], te [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|fèt nan yon vyèj]] ki rele [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], te fè [[Mirak Jezi|mirak]], te fonde [[Legliz kretyen|Legliz kretyen an]], te mouri sou kwa kòm yon sakrifis pou [[Ekspiyasyon nan Krisyanis|ekspiyasyon peche]], te leve soti vivan pa Bondye Papa a, epi te [[Asansyon Jezi|monte]] nan [[Syèl nan Krisyanis|Syèl la]], kote li pral retounen. Kretyen jeneralman kwè Jezi pèmèt moun [[Bondye nan Krisyanis|rekonsilye ak Bondye]]. [[Kredo Nise|Kredo Nise a]] afime Jezi pral [[Dènye Jijman|jije vivan yo ak mò yo]], swa [[Eta entèmedyè (Krisyanis)|anvan]] swa [[Mòtalis kretyen|apre]] [[Rezirèksyon mò yo#Krisyanis|rezirèksyon kò yo]], yon evènman ki asosye ak [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi|Dezyèm Vini Jezi a]] nan [[Eskatoloji kretyen|eskatoloji kretyen]]. Anpil branch kretyen konsidere Jezi kòm enkanasyon Bondye Pitit la, dezyèm nan twa [[prosopon|pèsòn]] [[Trinite|Trinite a]].{{efn|Yon ti minorite nan konfesyon kretyen rejte trinitarism, nèt oswa an pati, kòm ki pa nan Ekriti yo.}} [[Nesans Jezi]] nan vil [[Jide|jide]] [[Betleyèm]] nan selebre chak ane, jeneralman nan 25 desanm,{{efn|Pifò kretyen ak [[Alawit|alawit]] selebre Nwèl. Yon pati nan [[Krisyanis oryantal|legliz kretyen oryantal]] yo selebre Nwèl nan 25 desanm [[Kalandriye jilyen|kalandriye jilyen]], ki kounye a koresponn ak 7 janvye nan [[Kalandriye gregoryen|kalandriye gregoryen]]. Selebrasyon Nwèl yo kòmanse nan [[Veyè Nwèl]], jeneralman 24 desanm.}} kòm [[Nwèl]]. [[Krisifiksyon]] li komemore nan [[Vandredi Sen]] epi rezirèksyon li nan [[Dimanch Pak]]. [[Epòk kalandriye]] ki pi lajman itilize nan mond lan—kote ane aktyèl la se [[Anno Domini|AD]] {{CURRENTYEAR}} (oswa {{CURRENTYEAR}} [[Epòk komen|CE]])—tradisyonèlman baze sou [[Dat nesans Jezi|dat apwoksimatif nesans Jezi]].<ref>{{cite dictionary |year=2003 |title=anno Domini |dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Anno%20Domini |access-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222112520/http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/anno%20domini |archive-date=22 December 2007 |quote=Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of our Lord |url-status=live}}.</ref> [[Opinyon jwif sou Jezi|Jidayis dominan an rejte]] kwayans ke Jezi te mesi yo t ap tann nan, e li di li pat akonpli [[Mesi nan jidayis|pwofesi mesyanik yo]], li pat [[Onksyone|onksyone]] nan fòm lalwa, epi li pat ni divin ni resisite. Kontrèman, [[Jezi nan Islam]]{{efn|Souvan yo rele l pa non koranik li, {{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[Isa (non)|ʿĪsā]]}}}} konsidere kòm [[Mesi#Islam|mesi a]] ak yon [[Pwofèt ak mesaje nan Islam|pwofèt]] [[Bondye nan Islam|Bondye]], ki te voye bay [[Izrayelit|Izrayelit yo]] epi ki [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi#Islam|pral retounen sou Latè]] anvan [[Jou Jijman nan Islam|Jou Jijman an]]. [[Mizilman]] kwè Jezi te fèt nan vyèj [[Mari nan Islam|Mari]] men li pat ni Bondye ni pitit Bondye. Pifò Mizilman [[Opinyon islamik sou lanmò Jezi|pa kwè yo te touye l oswa krisifye l]], men Bondye [[Antre nan syèl vivan|te leve l nan Syèl la pandan li te toujou vivan]].{{efn|Gen kèk Mizilman nan Mwayennaj ki te kwè Jezi te krisifye, kon manm mouvman modèn Ahmadiyya a; gade {{slink||Islamic perspectives}}.}} Jezi tou venere nan [[Lafwa Bahayi]] ak [[Relijyon dwouz|relijyon dwouz]], ansanm ak nan [[Rastafari]]. {{TOC limit|3}} == Non == {{Further|Jezi (non)|Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|Non sen Jezi|Non Bondye nan Krisyanis}} [[File:JesusYeshua2.svg|thumb|Soti anwo agòch: transkripsyon [[Arameyen|arameyen]], [[Lang ebre|ebre]], [[Lang grèk|grèk]], [[Laten|laten]] ak angle non ''Jezi'']] Yon jwif nan tan Jezi souvan [[Non jwif|te gen yon sèl non]], pafwa swivi pa yon fraz [[Patwonim|patwonimik]] ki gen fòm "pitit [non papa a]", oswa pa vil kote li soti a.<ref name="Britannica" /> Konsa, nan Nouvo Testaman an, souvan yo refere a Jezi kòm "Jezi [[Nazarèt]]".{{efn|Atik sa a itilize sitasyon ki soti nan [[Nouvo Vèsyon Revize Estanda]] Bib la.}} Vwazen Jezi yo nan Nazarèt te rele l "bòs bòs la, pitit [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]] ak frè [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jak jenn nan|Jozès]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]", "pitit bòs bòs la", oswa "pitit [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]]"; nan [[Evanjil Jan|Evanjil Jan an]], disip [[Filip apot la|Filip]] rele l "Jezi pitit Jozèf, moun Nazarèt".<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:45}}</ref> Non ''Jezi'' se transliterasyon angle, atravè laten ''Iesus'', de {{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, ki se vèsyon grèk non ebre יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ ''Yehoshua'' (Yehōšuᵃʿ).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Greek: 2424. Ἰησοῦς (Iésous) -- Jesus |url=https://biblehub.com/greek/2424.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The Greek name corresponds to the Hebrew "Joshua."''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1">{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The name Jesus, in Greek, answers to Joshua, or rather, Jehoshuah, in Hebrew, which signifies Jehovah shall save;'' […] ''It was not without reason that the successor of Moses was called by this name; for, by subduing the Canaanites, and putting the tribes of Israel in possession of the promised land, he showed himself to be, under God, the Saviour of his people. But this name agrees much better to our Jesus, who both delivers his followers from much more dangerous enemies, and divides unto them a much more glorious inheritance.''}}</ref> Non ebre/[[Arameyen|arameyen]] sa a te komen nan mitan jwif [[Jide|jide]] yo nan epòk nesans Jezi,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Barnes' Notes |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''It was a very common name among the Jews.''}}</ref> byenke nan peryòd sa a li te deja rakousi an יֵשׁוּעַ ''[[Yeshua]]'' (Yešūᵃʿ);<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3442. יֵשׁ֫וּעַ (Yeshua) -- Yeshua, Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3442.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûaʿ) is the late, shortened spelling of the earlier name יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (Yehōšûaʿ, "Joshua").}}</ref> kontraksyon an te deja fèt nan liv biblik ki pi ta tankou [[Liv Neyemi|Neyemi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=H3442 - yēšûaʿ - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) |url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/gen/1/1/s_1001 |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=Blue Letter Bible |quote=''Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon: יֵשׁוּעַ [Jeshua] a contracted form of the proper name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ used in the later Hebrew ... proper name of other men, mentioned in the books of Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah''}}</ref> kote yo rele [[Jozye]] ''Yeshua''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehemiah 8:17 Hebrew Interlinear: ... for the sons of Israel had not done, from the days of '''Jeshua [יֵשׁוּעַ, Yeshua] son of Nun''' ... |url=https://biblehub.com/interlinear/nehemiah/8-17.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> Non an vle di "[[Tetragram|Bondye]] sove" an ebre, literalman "[[Yawe]] sove",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3091. יְהוֹשׁ֫וּעַ (Yehoshua) -- Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Both Joshua son of Nun and Jesus of Nazareth bear the name "Yahweh saves"''}}</ref> soti nan [[Rasin semitik|rasin]] ישׁע (''y-š-ʿ,'' 'sove') ak non יְשׁוּעָה (''yeshuah'', 'sali'). [[Evanjil Matye|Evanjil Matye a]] afime siyifikasyon etimolojik non Jezi a klèman nan pwofesi zanj lan bay Jozèf sou nesans li: "w ap rele l Jezi (Ἰησοῦς), paske l ap sove pèp li a anba peche yo".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:21}}.</ref> Chèchè yo bay enpòtans teyolojik a lefèt ke siksesè [[Moyiz]], [[Jozye]], pote menm non ak Jezi nan grèk, ebre ak arameyen orijinal yo, paske souvan yo fè yon paralèl ant de lidè yo ak etimoloji non yo pataje a ('sove'): Jozye mennen jwif yo nan [[Peyi Pwomiz la]], pandan nan Kretyen Jezi konprann kòm moun ki sove jwif ak [[Payen|payen]] anba peche yo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Matthew Poole's Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua had his name from the same word, because he was to be a temporal saviour to save the Jews, the whole body of the Jews, from the Canaanites their enemies. This Jesus was to save his people, all that should believe in his name, whether Jews or Gentiles, from their sins.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Vincent's Word Studies |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/vws/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Under Joshua the enemies of Israel were conquered, and the people established in the Promised Land. So Jesus leads his people in the fight with sin and temptation.''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua who led the Israelites into the Promised Land, and Joshua or Jeshua, who was high priest at the time of the return from the Babylonish Captivity, are types of Jesus Christ in respect both of work and name.''}}</ref> === Jezikri === {{Further|Kris (tit)}} Depi 1ye syèk la, kretyen yo souvan refere a Jezi kòm "Jezikri".{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=212}} Mo [[Kris (tit)|''Kris'']] la pa yon non bay men se te orijinèlman yon [[Twa fonksyon Kris la|tit oswa yon biwo]] ("Kris la"), ki vle di "[[Mesi|Mesi a]]".{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=30–31}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Theology of the New Testament |first=Rudolf K. |last=Bultmann |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-932792-93-5 |page=80 |publisher=Baylor University Press}}</ref> Tèm nan soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|[[wikt:Χριστός|Χριστός]]}} ({{tlit|grc|Christos}}),<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle= Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ |first=Anthony J. |last= Maas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Heil |first=John P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |title=Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-58983-482-8 |page=66 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173832/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> yon [[Kalk|kalk]] mo ebre {{lang|he|[[wikt:מָשִׁיחַ|משיח]]}} {{tlit|he|[[Mesi nan jidayis|mashiakh]]}} (Mašiᵃḥ), ki transliterasyone an angle kòm ''messiah''.{{sfn|Vine|1940|pp=274–275}} Tèm ebre a vle di "[[Onksyone|onksyone]]", soti nan vèb מָשַׁח (''mashaḥ''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 4886. מָשַׁח (mashach)|url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4886.htm|access-date=21 January 2026|website=biblehub.com|quote=Lexical summary: "to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint"}}</ref> Nan jidayis biblik la, [[Lwil onksyon sakre|lwil sakre]] te itilize pou onksyone kèk moun ak objè eksepsyonèlman sakre kòm yon pati nan envestitir relijyez yo.<ref>Gade [[Levitik]] 8:10–12 ak [[Egzòd 30]]:29.</ref> Nan [[Septant|Septant la]], yo te tradui mo ebre a an grèk kòm χριστός (''christos''), ki vle di "onksyone",<ref>{{Cite web |title=χριστός Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χριστός&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=of persons, anointed}}</ref> soti nan vèb χρίω (''chrio''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=χρίω Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χρίω&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=Autenrieth: smear with oil, anoint, LSJ: rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil}}</ref> Premye kretyen yo te nonmen Jezi "Kris la" paske yo te kwè li se Mesi a ("moun ki onksyone a") ki te [[Jezi ak pwofesi mesyanik|pwofetize]] nan [[Bib ebre a]] (Ansyen Testaman an). Nan itilizasyon apre epòk biblik la, ''Kris'' te vin wè kòm yon non—yon pati nan "Jezikri". Tèm ''[[Kretyen|kretyen]]'', ki vle di yon disip Kris, ap itilize depi 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA142 142]}} == Lavi ak ansèyman nan Nouvo Testaman an == {{Main|Lavi Jezi}} {{Further|Kote Nouvo Testaman asosye ak Jezi}} {{Gospel Jesus|state=collapsed}} === Levanjil kanonik yo === {{Main|Levanjil|Amoni levanjil yo|Fyabilite istorik levanjil yo}} [[File:Dublin, Chester Beatty Ms Papyrus 45 BP I ff.13-14 Luke 11.50-12.12; 12.18-37; 12.42-13.1; 13.jpg|alt=Yon manyiskri papirus kat paj, ki chire an plizyè kote|thumb|Yon [[Papirus|papirus]] grèk 3yèm syèk [[Levanjil Lik|Levanjil Lik la]]]] Kat [[Levanjil kanonik|levanjil kanonik]] yo ([[Levanjil Matye|Matye]], [[Levanjil Mak|Mak]], [[Levanjil Lik|Lik]] ak [[Levanjil Jan|Jan]]) se sous prensipal pou lavi ak mesaj Jezi.<ref name="Britannica" /> Lòt pati nan Nouvo Testaman an gen ladan yo tou referans a gwo epizòd nan lavi li, tankou [[Dènye Soupe a]] nan [[1 Korentyen 11]]:23–26.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|11:23–26|9}}.</ref>{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=441–442}}<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}} [[Travay Apot yo]]<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|10:37–38|9}} and {{bibleverse|Acts|19:4|9}}.</ref> fè referans a premye ministè Jezi ak fason [[Jan Batis]] te anonse l davans.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Book of the Acts|series=New International Commentary on the New Testament|first=Frederick F. |last=Bruce |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-2505-6 |page=362 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref>{{sfn|Rausch|2003|p=77}}{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} Travay 1:1–11<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|1:1–11|9}}.</ref> bay plis detay sou [[Asansyon Jezi]]<ref>also mentioned in {{bibleverse|1 Timothy|3:16}}.</ref> pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}} Nan [[Lèt pòl yo#Otantisite|lèt pòl yo ki pa diskite]], ki te ekri anvan levanjil yo, yo site plizyè fwa pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians 7:10–11, 9:14, 11:23–25|multi=yes}}, {{bibleverse|2 Corinthians|12:9}}.</ref>{{efn|Powell ekri: "[Pòl] site pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi nan kèk kote,<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Cor. 7:10–11; 9:14; 11:23–25|multi=yes}}; {{bibleverse|2 Cor.|12:9}}; cf. {{bibleverse|Acts|20:35}}</ref> men nan pifò ka li montre ti enterè pou detay lavi ak ministè Jezi sou tè a."<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Mark A. |title=Introducing the New Testament |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe |url-access=limited |date=2009 |publisher=Baker |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe/page/248 248] |isbn=978-0-8010-2868-7}}</ref>}} Gen kèk gwoup [[Premye kretyen|kretyen primitif]] ki te gen deskripsyon separe sou lavi ak ansèyman Jezi ki pa nan Nouvo Testaman an. Ladan yo gen [[Levanjil Toma]], [[Levanjil Pyè]], [[Levanjil Jida]], [[Apokrif Jak]], ak [[Apokrif Nouvo Testaman|anpil lòt ekri apokrif]]. Pifò chèchè konkli tèks sa yo te ekri pi ta epi yo mwens fyab sou plan istorik pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Brown|1997|pp=835–840}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=C. A. |title=Exploring the Origins of the Bible |date=2008 |publisher=Baker |page=154}}</ref>{{sfn|Keener|2009|p=56}} ==== Otè, dat ak fyabilite ==== Levanjil kanonik yo se kat istwa, chak youn atribiye a yon otè diferan. Jeneralman yo konsidere otè levanjil yo kòm psedonim, e tradisyon atribiye yo a [[Kat evanjelis yo|kat evanjelis yo]], chak asosye ak Jezi oswa ak disip pwòch li yo:{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} Mak a [[Jan Mak]], yon asosye [[Sen Pyè|Pyè]];<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> [[Matye apot la|Matye]] a youn nan [[Disip (Krisyanis)|disip]] Jezi yo;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} [[Lik evanjelis la|Lik]] a yon konpayon [[Pòl apot la|Pòl]] ki mansyone nan kèk lèt;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} epi Jan a yon lòt disip Jezi,{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} "[[Disip byenneme a|disip byenneme a]]".{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, St.}} Dapre [[Priyorite markyèn|priyorite markyèn nan]], premye levanjil ki te ekri a se [[Levanjil Mak]] (ane 60–75 apre Jezikri), swivi pa Levanjil Matye (65–85), Levanjil Lik (65–95), ak Levanjil Jan (75–100).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |title=Can We Trust the Gospels?: Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |publisher=Crossway |year=2007 |page=58 |isbn=978-1-4335-1978-9 |first=Mark D. |last=Roberts |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907174109/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pifò chèchè dakò otè Matye ak Lik te itilize Mak kòm sous pou levanjil yo. Kòm Matye ak Lik pataje tou kèk kontni ki pa nan Mak, anpil chèchè konkli yo te itilize yon [[Sous Q|sous Q]] ipotetik anplis Mak, pandan yon kantite k ap grandi sipòte [[Ipotèz Farrer|ipotèz Farrer]] oswa [[Ipotèz posteryorite matyèn|Posteryorite matyèn nan]], kote Matye ak Lik te itilize youn lòt dirèkteman.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Runesson|first=Anders|title=Jesus, New Testament, Christian Origins|date=2021|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=9780802868923}}</ref><ref name="TSP20222">{{Cite book |title=The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference|publisher=Peeters Pub and Booksellers|year=2023|isbn=9789042950344|pages=5|editor-first1=Olegs|editor-last1=Andrejevs|editor-first2=Simon J. |editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first3=‎Edmondo|editor-last3=Lupieri|editor-first4=Joseph|editor-last4=Verhayden}}</ref>{{sfn|Licona|2010|pp=210–221}} Lik ak Matye trete sous yo yon fason ki pi konsèvatè pase lòt istoryen ansyen tankou [[Diodò Sisil]], byenke paralèl ak varyasyon levanjil sinoptik yo se kalite ki tipik nan byografi istorik ansyen.<ref name="Kloppenborg 49–79">{{Cite journal |last=Kloppenborg|first=John|title=Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?|journal=Ephemerides Theologicae Lovaniensis|volume=83|issue=1|pages=49–79}}</ref><ref name="Licona 2016 XIII-XIV">{{Cite book |last=Licona |first=Mike |title=Why are there Differences in the Gospels? What we can Learn from Ancient Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0190264260 |pages=XIII-XIV}}</ref> Yon aspè enpòtan nan etid levanjil yo se [[Jan literè|jan literè]] kote yo klase.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Burridge|first1=R. A. |year=2006|chapter=Gospels|editor-first1=J. W. |editor-last1=Rogerson|editor-first2=Judith M. |editor-last2=Lieu|title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=433}}</ref> Si otè levanjil yo te vle ekri woman, mit, istwa oswa byografi, sa gen yon gwo enpak sou fason pou entèprete zèv yo.<ref>Talbert, C. H. (1977). ''What is a Gospel? The Genre of the Canonical Gospels''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Fortress Press.</ref><ref>Wills, L. M. (1997). ''The Quest of the Historical Gospel: Mark, John and the Origins of the Gospel Genre''. London: Routledge. p. 10.</ref><ref>Burridge, R. A. (2004). ''What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography''. revised updated edn. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.</ref> Byenke li pa san kritik,<ref>e.g. Vines, M. E. (2002). ''The Problem of the Markan Genre: The Gospel of Mark and the Jewish Novel''. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 161–162.</ref> opinyon ki di levanjil yo se yon kalite byografi ansyen reprezante konsansis chèchè jodi a.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stanton |first=Graham N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |title=Jesus and Gospel |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-00802-0 |page=192 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005236/https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogerson |first1=J. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies |last2=Lieu |first2=Judith M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-925425-5 |page=437 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225204746/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |archive-date=25 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Konsènan egzaktitid istwa yo, opinyon yo varye depi sa ki konsidere yo kòm deskripsyon [[Inerans biblik|san erè]] lavi Jezi,{{sfn|Grudem|1994|pp=90–91}} rive sa ki dwe sou fyabilite istorik yo sou divès pwen,{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}} jiska sa ki konsidere yo kòm bay trè piti enfòmasyon istorik sou lavi li apa de baz yo.{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=117–125}}{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|pp=22–23}} ==== Estrikti ak kontni konparatif ==== {{Christianity sidebar}} Matye, Mak ak Lik rele levanjil sinoptik yo, soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|σύν}} ({{tlit|grc|syn}}, 'ansanm') ak {{lang|grc|ὄψις}} ({{tlit|grc|opsis}}, 'vizyon'),<ref name="Haffner-2008" /><ref name="Scroggie-1995" /><ref>{{OED|synoptic}}</ref> paske yo sanble nan kontni, aranjman naratif, lang ak estrikti paragraf, epi yo ka mete youn akote lòt fasilman pou konparezon sinoptik.<ref name="Haffner-2008">{{cite book |title=New Testament Theology |first=Paul |last=Haffner |year=2008 |isbn=978-88-902268-0-9 |page=135 |publisher=Gracewing}}</ref><ref name="Scroggie-1995">{{cite book |title=A Guide to the Gospels |first=W. Graham |last=Scroggie |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8254-9571-7 |page=128 |publisher=[[Kregel Publications]]}}</ref><ref>{{Britannica URL |title=Synoptic Gospels |url=topic/Synoptic-Gospels}}</ref> Chèchè yo jeneralman dakò li enposib jwenn yon relasyon literè dirèk ant levanjil sinoptik yo ak Levanjil Jan an.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel of John |first1=Francis J. |last1=Moloney |first2=Daniel J. |last2=Harrington |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8146-5806-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3 3] |publisher=Liturgical Press |url=https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3}}</ref> Anpil evènman—tankou batèm Jezi, krisifiksyon l ak relasyon l ak [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li yo—parèt nan levanjil sinoptik yo, men ensidan tankou [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|transfigirasyon an]] ak [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]] Jezi{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}} pa parèt nan Jan, ki diferan tou sou lòt pwen, tankou [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|netwayaj Tanp lan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ladd |first=George E. |title=A Theology of the New Testament |year=1993 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-0680-2 |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907103156/https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil sinoptik yo mete aksan sou diferan aspè Jezi. Nan Mak, Jezi se [[Pitit Bondye (Krisyanis)|Pitit Bondye]] ki gen zèv pwisan yo montre prezans [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Yo prezante l kòm yon moun k ap fè mirak san repo ak sèvitè Bondye kou lèzòm.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Thompson|editor-first1=Frank Charles|title=The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible|publisher=Kirk Bride Bible Company & Zondervan Bible Publishers|year=1983|pages= 1563–1564}}</ref> Kout levanjil sa a anrejistre relativman kèk pawòl oswa gwo ansèyman Jezi.<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Levanjil Matye a mete aksan sou lefèt Jezi se akonplisman volonte Bondye jan yo revele l nan Ansyen Testaman an ak Senyè Legliz la.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Matthew|pages=1171–1212}}</ref> Yo prezante l kòm "[[Liyaj davidik|Pitit David]]", yon "wa", ak Mesi a.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" />{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=4–6}} Lik prezante Jezi kòm sovè diven-imen ki montre konpasyon pou moun nan nesesite.<ref name="May Metzger Luke">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Luke|pages=1240–1285}}</ref> Yo montre l kòm zanmi moun k ap fè peche ak moun yo rejte, ki te vini chèche ak sove moun ki pèdi yo.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Levanjil sa a gen ladan l parabòl byen konnen, tankou [[Bon Samariten an]] ak [[Pitit pèdi a|Pitit Pèdi a]].<ref name="May Metzger Luke" /> [[Pwològ Levanjil Jan an]] idantifye Jezi kòm yon enkanasyon Pawòl divin lan ([[Logos (Krisyanis)|Logos]]).<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=John|pages=1286–1318}}</ref> Kòm Pawòl la, yo dekri Jezi kòm etènèlman prezan avèk Bondye, aktif nan tout kreyasyon an, ak sous nati moral ak espirityèl limanite.<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn" /> Nan levanjil sa a, yo prezante Jezi kòm pa sèlman pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt imen nan tan pase, men pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt ki ka egziste: li pa sèlman pale Pawòl Bondye; li se Pawòl Bondye.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi revele wòl divin li piblikman epi yo dekri l kòm [[Pen lavi a]], [[Limyè mond lan]], [[Vrè Pye Rezen an]], ak plis ankò.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Otè Nouvo Testaman an jeneralman te montre ti enterè pou etabli yon [[Kwonoloji Jezi|kwonoloji]] absoli lavi Jezi oswa pou senkwonize epizòd lavi li ak istwa laïk epòk la.{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}} Jan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#21:25|Jan 21:25]] di l, levanjil yo pa pretann bay yon lis konplè evènman nan lavi Jezi.<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Collins |first=Gerald |title=Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-955787-5 |pages=1–3}}</ref> Yo te ekri istwa yo sitou kòm dokiman teyolojik nan kontèks [[Krisyanis primitif|kretyen primitif]], ak kwonoloji kòm yon konsiderasyon segondè.<ref name="Wiarda75">{{cite book |title=Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology |first=Timothy |last=Wiarda |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8054-4843-6 |pages=75–78 |publisher=B&H}}</ref> Levanjil yo konsakre apeprè yon tyè nan tèks yo a dènye semèn lavi Jezi nan [[Jerizalèm]], ke yo rele [[Pasyon (Krisyanis)|Pasyon an]].<ref name="Turner613">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=David L. |last=Turner |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8010-2684-3 |page=613 |publisher=Baker}}</ref> Yo pa bay ase detay pou satisfè egzijans istoryen modèn yo konsènan dat egzak, men li posib pou tire yon imaj jeneral istwa lavi Jezi nan yo.{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}}{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}}<ref name="Wiarda75" /> === Jenealoji ak nesans === {{Main|Jenealoji Jezi|Nativite Jezi}} Jezi te jwif,{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} li te fèt nan [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], madanm [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]].<ref>[[Matye 1]]; [[Lik 2]].</ref> Levanjil Matye ak Lik ofri de istwa diferan sou [[Jenealoji|jenealoji]] li. Matye trase zansèt Jezi jiska [[Abraram]] pa [[David]],<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:1–16}}.</ref>{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=80–91}} pandan Lik trase zansèt Jezi pa [[Adan]] jiska Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–38}}.</ref>{{sfn|Brown|1978|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC&pg=PA163 163]}} Lis yo idantik ant Abraram ak David men yo diferan anpil apati pwen sa a; Matye gen 27 jenerasyon ant David ak Jozèf, pandan Lik gen 42, ak prèske pa gen okenn non ki parèt nan de lis yo.{{efn|Konpare {{bibleverse|Matthew|1:6–16|NIV}} ak {{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–31|NIV}}. Gade tou {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Konparezon de jenealoji yo}}.}}<ref>{{cite book |last=France |first=R. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |title=The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8028-0063-3 |page=72 |author-link=R. T. France |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229004519/https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live}} "From David the two lists diverge, as Matthew follows the line of succession to the throne of Judah from Solomon, whereas Luke's list goes through Nathan, ... and converges with Matthew's only for the two names of Shealtiel and Zerubabbel until Joseph is reached."</ref> Yo pwopoze divès teyori pou eksplike poukisa de jenealoji yo tèlman diferan.{{efn|Pou yon apèsi sou teyori sa yo, gade {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Eksplikasyon pou divèjans lan}}.}} [[File:Gerard van Honthorst - Adoration of the Shepherds (1622).jpg|thumb|left|''Adorasyon bèje yo'' pa [[Gerard van Honthorst]], 1622|alt=Yon sèn nesans; gason ak bèt antoure Mari ak Jezi k ap fèk fèt, ki kouvri ak limyè]] Tou de Matye ak Lik dekri nesans Jezi, sitou ke li te fèt nan yon vyèj ki rele Mari nan [[Betleyèm]] pou akonpli [[Pwofesi|pwofesi]]. Istwa Lik la mete aksan sou evènman anvan [[Nesans Jezi|nesans Jezi]] epi li santre sou Mari, pandan istwa Matye a kouvri pi plis evènman apre nesans lan epi li santre sou Jozèf.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=556}}<ref name="marsh37">{{cite book |title=Jesus and the Gospels |last=Marsh |first=Clive |author-last2=Moyise|author-first2= Steve |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-567-04073-2 |page=37 |publisher=Clark International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907095218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Morris|1992|page=26}} Tou de istwa deklare Mari te fiyanse ak yon nonm ki rele Jozèf, ki te desandan Wa David epi ki pat papa byolojik Jezi, epi tou de sipòte doktrin [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|nesans vyèj Jezi a]], dapre sa Jezi te konsevwa nan yon fason mirakilè pa [[Sentespri]] nan vant Mari lè li te toujou vyèj.<ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=David L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |title=A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-85244-224-1 |pages=538–540 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=30–37}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-26036-7 |pages=96–100 |publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> An menm tan, gen prèv, omwen nan ''Travay Apot yo'' Lik la, ke yo te panse Jezi te gen, tankou anpil figi nan ansyènte, yon doub patènite, paske la yo di li desandan nan semans oswa nan rèl David.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lincoln |first=Andrew T. |date=2013 |title=Luke and Jesus' Conception: A Case of Double Paternity? |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=639–658 |jstor=23487891 |issn=0021-9231}}</ref> Lè Jozèf [[Adopsyon nan jidayis|pran Jezi kòm pwòp pitit li]], yo konprann li ba li desandans davidik ki nesesè a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |last1=Lincoln|first1=Andrew T. |title=Conceiving Jesus: re-examining Jesus' conception in canon, Christology, and creed|publisher=The Severn Forum|date=5 March 2015|page= 4 |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=10 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510100248/http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk chèchè ki sigjere Jezi te gen eritaj [[Levit|levit]] nan bò Mari, dapre relasyon san li ak [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]].<ref>For example, {{citation |title=Carmen 18}}</ref> [[File:Bellini-circumcision-NG1455-fm.jpg|thumb|alt=74.9 × 102.2&nbsp;cm|''Sikonsizyon'' pa [[Giovanni Bellini]], {{circa|1500|lk=no}}. Tablo a dekri [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsizyon Jezi]].]] Nan Matye, Jozèf boulvèse paske Mari, fiyanse li, [[Gwosès|ansent]],<ref>[[Matye 1:19]]–[[Matye 1:20|20]].</ref> men nan premye [[Rèv Sen Jozèf|kat rèv Jozèf]], yon zanj asire l pou l pa pè pran Mari kòm madanm li paske pitit li a te konsevwa pa Sentespri.<ref name="Talbert">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=Charles H. |last=Talbert |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8010-3192-2 |publisher=Baker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |pages=29–30 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan [[Matye 2:1]]–[[Matye 2:12|12]], [[Mag biblik yo|saj]] oswa [[Mag]] ki soti nan [[Oryan]] pote kado bay jenn Jezi kòm [[Jezi, Wa jwif yo|Wa jwif yo]]. Yo jwenn li nan yon kay Betleyèm. [[Ewòd Gran]] tande pale de nesans Jezi epi, tankou li te vle touye l, [[Masak inosan yo|bay lòd pou touye tout ti gason]] nan Betleyèm ak anviwon li. Men, yon zanj avèti Jozèf nan dezyèm rèv li, epi fanmi an [[Sove ale an Ejip|sove ale an Ejip]], answit li retounen epi li etabli nan Nazarèt.<ref name="Talbert" />{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Schnackenburg |first=Rudolf |title=The Gospel of Matthew |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8028-4438-5 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |pages=9–11 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052207/https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Lik 1:31–38, Mari aprann nan men zanj [[Gabriyèl]] ke l ap konsevwa epi bay nesans a yon pitit ki rele Jezi atravè aksyon Sentespri.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> Lè Mari prèt pou akouche, li menm ak Jozèf vwayaje soti nan Nazarèt pou ale nan vil zansèt Jozèf, Betleyèm, pou anrejistre nan resansman [[Sezar Ogis]] te bay lòd fè a. Pandan yo la, Mari bay Jezi nesans, epi kòm yo pa jwenn plas nan oberj la, li mete ti bebe a nan yon [[Manje bèt|manje bèt]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:1–7}}.</ref> Yon [[Anons bay bèje yo|zanj anonse nesans lan bay yon gwoup bèje]], ki ale Betleyèm pou wè Jezi epi answit gaye nouvèl la toupatou.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:8–20}}.</ref> Lik 2:21 rakonte kijan Jozèf ak Mari [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsi ti bebe a nan wityèm jou apre nesans]] epi bay li non Jezi, jan Gabriyèl te kòmande Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:21}}.</ref> Apre [[Prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan|prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan]], Jozèf, Mari ak Jezi retounen Nazarèt.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> === Premye ane, fanmi ak pwofesyon === [[File:William Holman Hunt - The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''[[Jwenn Sovè a nan Tanp lan]]'' pa [[William Holman Hunt]], 1860|alt=Mari ak Jozèf jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan]] Levanjil Lik ak Matye idantifye Nazarèt, yon vil nan [[Galile]] ki nan [[Izrayèl]] jodi a, kòm kay anfans Jezi, kote li te viv ak fanmi li. Byenke Jozèf parèt nan deskripsyon anfans Jezi, pa gen okenn mansyon sou li apre sa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Perrotta |first=Louise B. |title=Saint Joseph: His Life and His Role in the Church Today |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87973-573-9 |pages=21, 110–112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Reverend Archdeacon Kinane |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138 |title=Saint Joseph: His Life, His Virtues, His Privileges, His Power |page=138 |chapter=Section VI – The perpetual virginity of St. Joseph |publisher=Aeterna Press|access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230526/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Lòt manm fanmi li yo, gen ladan yo manman l Mari; [[Frè Jezi yo|kat frè li yo]], [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jezi|Jozès (oswa Jozèf)]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]; ak sè li yo ki pa gen non, mansyone nan Levanjil yo ak lòt sous.<ref>{{cite book |title=Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth |last=Aslan |first=Reza |author-link=Reza Aslan |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |page=[https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756 36] |isbn=978-1-4000-6922-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756}}</ref> Yo rele grann ak granpapa Jezi nan bò manman l [[Jowakim]] ak [[Sen Ann|Ann]] nan [[Levanjil Jak|Levanjil Jak la]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim |page=194 |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-134-50949-2 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230540/https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim#v=snippet&q=joachim&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Lik la anrejistre ke Mari te fanmi [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]], manman Jan Batis.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Luke|1:5, 36|KJV}}.</ref> Gen kèk sous ekstrabiblik kontanporen ki konsidere Jezi ak Jan Batis kòm kouzen jèmen, sou baz kwayans Elizabèt te pitit fi [[Sobe (sè Sen Ann)|Sobe]], sè Ann.<ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 97.1325.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 120.189.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 145.760 ([[Nicephorus Callistus|Nicéphore Callistus]], ''Historia ecclesiastica'', 2.3).</ref> Levanjil Mak rapòte ke nan kòmansman [[Ministè Jezi|ministè li]], Jezi antre an konfli ak vwazen ak fanmi li.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Manman l ak frè l yo vin chèche l<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:31–35}}.</ref> paske moun ap di [[Sante mantal Jezi|li pèdi tèt li]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:21}}.</ref> Jezi reponn ke disip li yo se vre fanmi li. Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi ak manman l ale nan yon [[Nòs Kana|nòs Kana]], kote li fè premye mirak li sou demann li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:1–11}}.</ref> Pita, li prezan nan krisifiksyon li, epi li eksprime enkyetid pou byennèt li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|19:25–27}}.</ref> Yo rele Jezi yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} ({{tlit|grc|[[tektōn]]}}) nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#6:3|Mak 6:3]], yon tèm ke yo tradisyonèlman konprann kòm "bòs bòs" men ki ka refere tou a moun ki fabrike objè nan divès materyo, ladan yo konstriktè.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry G. |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |title=An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon: The Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek–English Lexicon |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1889 |page=797}}</ref>{{sfn|Dickson|2008|pp=68–69}} Kòm tèm nan gen yon gwo laj siyifikasyon ak "reyalite sosyo-istorik yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} nazarèn komen", Matthew K. Robinson, yon minis ak akademisyen, prefere tradui {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} kòm 'konstriktè-atizan'.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Matthew K. |title="Is This Not the Τέκτων?": Revisiting Jesus's Vocation in Mark 6:3 |journal=Neotestamentica |date=2021 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=431–445 |doi=10.1353/neo.2021.0038}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Robinson |url=https://www.theology.ox.ac.uk/people/matthew-robinson |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> Levanjil yo endike Jezi te kapab li, parafraze ak diskite Ekriti yo, men sa pa nesesèman vle di li te resevwa yon fòmasyon fòmèl kòm eskrib.<ref>{{Atik ansiklopedik|year=2001 |title=Context, family and formation |encyclopedia=Cambridge companion to Jesus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |access-date=14 August 2015 |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |editor-last=Bockmuehl |editor-first=Markus N. A. |pages=14, 21 |isbn=978-0-521-79678-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907175830/https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live|doi=10.1017/CCOL0521792614.002}}</ref> Levanjil Lik rapòte de vwayaj Jezi ak paran li nan Jerizalèm pandan anfans li. Yo vin nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] pou [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezantasyon Jezi]] kòm ti bebe an akò ak lalwa jwif la, kote yon nonm ki rele [[Simeyon (Levanjil Lik)|Simeyon]] fè yon pwofesi sou Jezi ak Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:22–35}}.</ref> Lè Jezi, a laj douz an, pèdi nan yon pèlerinaj Jerizalèm pou [[Pak jwif|Pak jwif la]], paran li jwenn li nan [[Jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan|Tanp lan]] chita nan mitan metèd yo, k ap koute yo epi poze kesyon, epi moun yo sezi pou entèlijans li ak repons li yo. Mari repwoche Jezi paske li te pèdi, epi Jezi reponn li dwe "nan kay Papa l".<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:41–52}}.</ref> === Batèm ak tantasyon === {{Main|Batèm Jezi|Tantasyon Kris}} [[File:El bautismo de Jesús, por José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Batèm Jezi|Batèm Kris]] pa [[Jan Batis]]'', pa [[Almeida Júnior]], 1895|alt=Jan batize Jezi. Sentespri a, an fòm yon toutrèl, anwo l.]] [[Levanjil sinoptik yo]] dekri [[Batèm Jezi|batèm Jezi]] nan [[Rivyè Jouden|Rivyè Jouden an]] ak [[Tantasyon Kris|tantasyon li te fè fas]] pandan karant jou li te pase nan [[Dezè Jide a]] kòm preparasyon pou ministè piblik li.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sheen |first=Fulton J. |title=Life of Christ |year=2008 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-385-52699-9 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165309/https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan chak istwa sa yo, istwa batèm Jezi a vini apre enfòmasyon sou Jan Batis.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=141–143}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}} Yo montre Jan k ap preche repantans pou padon peche, ankouraje moun bay [[Lamòn|lamòn]] bay malere,<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke||3:11}}.</ref> batize moun nan rejyon Rivyè Jouden an anviwon [[Pere]], epi anonse vini yon moun "ki pi pwisan" pase l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:16}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Eerdmans commentary on the Bible |first1=James D. G. |last1=Dunn |first2=John W. |last2=Rogerson |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0 |page=1010 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> [[File:Ary Scheffer - The Temptation of Christ (1854).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Jezi ak Dyab la dekri nan ''[[Tantasyon Kris|Tantasyon Kris la]]'', pa [[Ary Scheffer]], 1854]] Nan Levanjil Mak, Jan Batis batize Jezi, epi lè Jezi soti nan dlo a, li wè [[Sentespri]] ap desann sou li tankou yon toutrèl, epi yon vwa soti nan syèl la pou deklare l Pitit Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:9–11}}.</ref> Se youn nan de evènman Levanjil yo dekri kote yon vwa ki soti nan Syèl la refere a Jezi kòm "Pitit", lòt la se [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|Transfigirasyon an]].{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs">{{cite book |last1=Harding|first1=Mark|title=The Content and the Setting of the Gospel Tradition|last2=Nobbs|first2=Alanna|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8028-3318-1|pages=281–282}}</ref> Answit Lespri a pouse l ale nan dezè a, kote [[Satan]] tante l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:12–13}}.</ref> Apre arestasyon Jan, Jezi kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:14}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Matye, lè Jezi vin kote Jan pou l batize, Jan pwoteste, li di, "Se mwen ki bezwen batize pa ou."<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:14}}.</ref> Jezi di l pou l kontinye ak batèm lan "pou nou akonpli tout jistis".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:15}}.</ref> Answit Matye rakonte twa tantasyon espesifik Satan ofri Jezi nan dezè a.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|4:3–11}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Lik, Sentespri a desann an fòm kò, tankou yon toutrèl, apre tout pèp la fin batize epi pandan Jezi ap [[Prayers of Jesus|priye]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:21–22}}.</ref> Pita, Jan rekonèt Jezi implicitman lè li voye disip li yo poze kesyon sou li.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|7:18–23}}.</ref> Lik dekri tou twa tantasyon Jezi te fè eksperyans nan dezè a anvan li kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|4:1–14}}.</ref> Levanjil Jan an pa rakonte batèm ak tantasyon Jezi.{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Jesus Christ}} Pito, Jan Batis temwaye ke li wè Lespri a desann epi rete sou Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:32}}.</ref>{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&pg=PA292 292]}} Jan pwoklame Jezi piblikman kòm [[Ti Mouton Bondye a]], epi kèk nan disip Jan yo vin disip Jezi.{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=17–62}} Anvan yo mete Jan nan prizon, Jezi mennen disip li yo batize,<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:22–24}}.</ref> epi yo batize plis moun pase Jan.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|4:1}}.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Ministry"></span> Ministè piblik === <!-- Anchor names for incoming section link(s) from other page(s) --> {{Main|Ministè Jezi}} [[File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg|thumb|''Diskou sou mòn lan'', pa [[Carl Bloch]], 1877, dekri [[Diskou sou mòn lan|diskou enpòtan Jezi a]].|alt=Jezi chita sou yon mòn, k ap preche yon foul moun]] Levanjil sinoptik yo dekri de gwo kad jewografik nan ministè Jezi. Premye a se Galile, nan nò [[Jide]], kote Jezi fè yon ministè ki gen gwo siksè; dezyèm lan se Jerizalèm, kote yo rejte l epi touye l.<ref name="ISBEO">{{cite web |year=1939 |editor-last=Orr |editor-first=James |title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online |url=http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817024703/http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> Souvan yo rele l "[[Rabi|rabi]]",<ref name="ISBEO" /> Jezi bay mesaj li oralman.<ref name="Dunn2013">{{cite book |last=Dunn |first=James D. G. |title=The Oral Gospel Tradition |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=2013 |pages=290–291}}</ref> Nan istwa sa yo, li entèdi moun ki rekonèt li kòm mesi a—ladan yo moun li geri ak move lespri li ekzòsize yo—pale sou sa (gade [[Sekrè mesyanik|Sekrè mesyanik la]]).{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}} Kontrèman, Levanjil Jan an prezante ministè Jezi kòm ki te fèt sitou nan ak alantou Jerizalèm olye de nan Galile, epi nati divin li pwoklame ak rekonèt pi ouvètman.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Chèchè yo souvan divize ministè Jezi an plizyè etap. Ministè nan Galile a kòmanse lè Jezi retounen Galile apati [[Dezè Jide a]] apre li fin reziste tantasyon [[Satan]]. Answit li preche toupatou nan Galile, epi nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–20]], [[Premye disip Jezi yo|premye disip li yo]]—ki pita pral fòme nwayo Legliz la—rankontre l epi kòmanse swiv li.{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}} Peryòd sa a gen ladan l [[Diskou sou mòn lan]], youn nan gwo diskou Jezi yo,{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermon on the mount: a theological investigation |first=Carl G. |last=Vaught |year=2001 |publisher=Baylor University Press |isbn=978-0-918954-76-3 |pages=xi–xiv}}</ref> ansanm ak [[Kalme tanpèt la|kalmman tanpèt la]], [[Miltiplikasyon pen yo pou 5 000 moun|manje 5 000 moun yo]], [[Jezi mache sou dlo|mache sou dlo]], ak plizyè lòt mirak ak [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]].{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=143–160}} Li fini ak [[Konfesyon Pyè|Konfesyon Pyè a]] ak Transfigirasyon an.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Transfiguration, The |encyclopedia=The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Thought: Son of Man-Tremellius V11 |isbn=978-1-4286-3189-2 |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls |year=1909 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |page=493 |last=Nash |first=Henry S. |editor-first=Samuel M. |editor-last=Jackson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052036/https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Barton132">{{cite book |last=Barton |first=Stephen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994 |title=The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels |date=23 November 2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80766-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994/page/n138 132]–133 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pandan Jezi ap vwayaje pou Jerizalèm, nan sa yo souvan rele ministè Pere a, li retounen nan rejyon kote yo te batize l la, apeprè yon tyè wout pou desann soti nan [[Lak Galile|Lak Galile a]] sou Rivyè Jouden an.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#10:40|Jan 10:40–42]].</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=137}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=211–229}} [[Ministè Jezi#Final ministry in Jerusalem|Dènye faz ministè li a]], nan Jerizalèm, kòmanse ak [[Antre triyonfal nan Jerizalèm|antre triyonfal li]] nan vil la nan [[Dimanch Ram]].{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} Nan Levanjil sinoptik yo, pandan semèn sa a Jezi [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|chase machann lajan yo]] nan [[Dezyèm Tanp lan]], epi [[Maché Jida a|Jida fè yon maché pou trayi]] li. Peryòd sa a kilmine nan [[Dènye Soupe a]] epi, nan istwa Jan an, nan [[Diskou orevwa a]].{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=257–274}} ==== Disip ak swivan ==== {{Main|Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|Voye douz apot yo}} [[File:Brooklyn Museum - The Exhortation to the Apostles (Recommandation aux apôtres) - James Tissot.jpg|thumb|''Egzòtasyon bay apot yo'', pa [[James Tissot]], dekri Jezi k ap pale ak douz disip li yo.]] Nan kòmansman ministè li, Jezi [[Voye douz apot yo|chwazi douz apot]]. Nan Matye ak Mak, Jezi rele kat premye apot li yo, ki se pechè, epi yo dekri yo kite filè yo imedyatman pou swiv li.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–22]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#1:16|Mak 1:16–20]].</ref> Nan Jan, de premye apot Jezi yo te disip Jan Batis okòmansman; Batis la wè Jezi epi rele l Ti Mouton Bondye a, epi de moun yo, ki tande sa, kòmanse swiv Jezi.{{sfn|Brown|1988|pp=25–27}}{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=292–293}} Anplis douz apot yo, entwodiksyon [[Diskou sou plenn nan]] nan Lik idantifye yon gwoup moun ki pi gran kòm disip.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#6:17|Lik 6:17]].</ref> Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#10:1|Lik 10:1–16]], Jezi voye [[Swasanndis disip yo|70 oswa 72 swivan li yo]] de pa de pou prepare vil yo pou vizit li yo pral fè: yo enstwi yo pou yo aksepte òspitalite, geri malad yo, epi pwoklame [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=The Gospel According to Luke |encyclopedia=New Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament |publisher=Liturgical Press |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |page=255 |first=Michael F. |last=Patella |editor-first=Daniel |editor-last=Durken |isbn=978-0-8146-3260-4 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910044704/https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== <span class="anchor" id="Teachings and preachings"></span> Ansèyman ak mirak ==== [[File:Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg|thumb|''[[Jezi ak jenn gason rich la]]'' pa [[Heinrich Hofmann (painter)|Heinrich Hofmann]], 1889]] Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi anseye anpil—souvan nan [[Parabòl|parabòl]]{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=316–346}}—sou Wayòm Bondye a. Jezi pale tou de "[[Pitit Lonm nan]]", yon figi [[Apokalips|apokaliptik]] ki pral vin rasanble moun yo chwazi yo.<ref name="Britannica" /> Jezi mande moun repanti de peche yo epi devwe tèt yo antyèman a Bondye.<ref name="Britannica">{{Britannica |id=303091 |title=Jesus Christ |first1=E.&nbsp;P. |last1=Sanders |first2=Jaroslav J. |last2=Pelikan}}</ref> Li enstwi disip li yo pou yo respekte [[Lalwa jwif la|lalwa jwif la]], byenke gen kèk nan moun ki te viv ansanm avè l ki wè l kòm moun ki vyole lalwa a li menm, pa egzanp nan [[Saba|obsèvans saba a]].<ref name="Britannica" /> Lè yo mande l ki [[Gran kòmandman an|pi gran kòmandman an]], Jezi reponn: "Se pou ou renmen Senyè Bondye ou ak tout kè ou, ak tout nanm ou, ak tout lespri ou ... Epi yon dezyèm ki sanble ak li: 'Se pou ou renmen pwochen ou tankou tèt ou.{{'"}}<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#22:37|Matye 22:37–39]].</ref> Lòt ansèyman etik ki atribiye a Jezi gen ladan yo [[Matye 5:44|renmen lènmi ou yo]], abstni nan [[Rayisman|rayisman]] ak [[Konvwatiz|konvwatiz]], [[Prezante lòt jou a|prezante lòt jou a]], ak [[Padon|padone]] moun ki fè nou peche.<ref>[[Diskou sou mòn lan|Matye 5–7]].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stassen |first1=Glen H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |title=Kingdom Ethics: Following Jesus in Contemporary Context |last2=Gushee |first2=David P. |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8308-2668-1 |pages=102–103, 138–140, 197–198, 295–298 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226062140/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Jan an prezante ansèyman Jezi pa sèlman kòm pwòp predikasyon li men kòm [[Revelasyon|revelasyon]] divin. Pa egzanp, Jan Batis di nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#3:34|Jan 3:34]]: "Moun Bondye voye a pale pawòl Bondye, paske li bay Lespri a san mezi." Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#7:16|Jan 7:16]], Jezi di, "Ansèyman mwen an pa pou mwen men pou moun ki voye m lan." Li repete sa nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#14:10|Jan 14:10]]: "Eske nou pa kwè mwen nan Papa a epi Papa a nan mwen? Pawòl mwen di nou yo, mwen pa di yo pou kont mwen; men se Papa a ki rete nan mwen an ki fè zèv li yo."<ref name="Osborn-1993" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Köstenberger |first=Andreas J. |title=The missions of Jesus and the disciples according to the Fourth Gospel |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8028-4255-8 |pages=108–109}}</ref> [[File:Pompeo Batoni 003.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|''[[Pitit pèdi a|Retou Pitit pèdi a]]'' pa [[Pompeo Batoni]], 1773]] Apeprè 30 parabòl reprezante anviron yon tyè nan ansèyman Jezi anrejistre yo.<ref name="Osborn-1993">{{cite book |first=Eric F. |last=Osborn |year=1993 |title=The emergence of Christian theology |url=https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo |url-access=limited |isbn=978-0-521-43078-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo/page/n115 98] |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1998 |title=The parables of Jesus: lessons in life from the Master Teacher |isbn=978-0-8254-9715-5 |page=10 |publisher=Kregel}}</ref> Parabòl yo parèt toude andedan sèmon ki pi long ak nan lòt kote nan naratif la.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermons of Jesus the Messiah |first=E. Keith |last=Howick |year=2003 |publisher=WindRiver |isbn=978-1-886249-02-8 |pages=7–9}}</ref> Yo souvan gen senbolis ladan yo epi tipikman yo konekte aspè mond fizik la ak reyalite [[Espirityalite|espirityèl]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Friedrich G. |last=Lisco |year=1850 |title=The Parables of Jesus |publisher=Daniels and Smith Publishers |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ/page/n12 9]–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Ashton |last=Oxenden |year=1864 |title=The parables of our Lord? |publisher=William Macintosh Publishers |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ/page/n15 6] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Tèm komen yo gen ladan yo bonte ak jenerozite Bondye, ansanm ak danje ak konsekans transgresyon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |title=Interpreting the Parables |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2012 |page=448 |isbn=978-0-8308-3967-4 |first=Craig L. |last=Blomberg |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910175429/https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk parabòl, tankou sa [[Pitit pèdi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#15:11|Lik 15:11–32]].</ref> ki relativman senp, pandan gen lòt, tankou [[Parabòl grenn k ap grandi a|Grenn k ap grandi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#4:26|Mak 4:26–29]].</ref> ki pi konplèks, pwofon epi difisil pou entèprete.<ref>{{cite web |first=Madeleine I. |last=Boucher |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |title=The Parables |website=Frontline|publisher=PBS |access-date=3 June 2013 |archive-date=10 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810144100/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Lè disip li yo mande l poukisa li pale ak pèp la an parabòl, Jezi reponn disip li chwazi yo te resevwa dwa "konnen sekrè Wayòm syèl la", kontrèman ak rès yo, epi li ajoute: "Paske moun ki genyen, y ap bay li plis epi li pral gen anpil. Men moun ki pa genyen, y ap retire menm sa li genyen an", epi li kontinye di ke pifò nan jenerasyon yo a gen "kè di" epi pou sa yo pa kapab konprann.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#13:10|Matye 13:10–17]].</ref> [[File:Christ cleans leper man.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Jezi geri yon lèp|Jezi ap geri yon lèp]], [[Mozayik|mozayik]] medyeval nan [[Katedral Monreale]], fen 12yèm syèk jiska mitan 13yèm syèk|alt=Jezi, ak yon oreyòl alantou tèt li, poze men l sou yon lèp, konsa li geri l]] Nan istwa levanjil yo, Jezi konsakre yon bon pati nan ministè li pou fè [[Mirak|mirak]], sitou gerizon.{{sfn|Green|McKnight |Marshall|1992|p=299}} Souvan yo klase mirak sa yo an de gwo kategori: mirak gerizon ak mirak sou nati.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=350}}{{sfn|Levine|2006|p=4}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Charlesworth |first1=James H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |title=The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide |date=2008 |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6 |page=113 |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221947/https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak gerizon yo gen ladan yo gerizon maladi fizik, [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]],{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}}{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|p=298}} ak [[Mirak Jezi#Resurrection of the dead|rezirèksyon mò yo]].{{sfn|Green|McKnight|Marshall|1992|p=300}}<ref name="Oxford Companion" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Tabor |first=James |date=22 March 2013 |title=What the Bible Says About Death, Afterlife, and the Future |url=https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823115040/https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |archive-date=23 August 2016 |access-date=13 June 2015 |publisher=UNCC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hoekema |first=Anthony A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |title=The Bible and the Future |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-85364-624-2 |pages=88–89 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak sou nati yo montre otorite sou mond natirèl la epi yo gen ladan yo [[Chanje dlo an diven|chanje dlo an diven]], mache sou dlo, ak kalme yon tanpèt, pami lòt. Jezi atribiye mirak li yo a yon sous divin. Lè opozan l yo akize l chase move lespri ak pouvwa [[Belzebi]], prens move lespri yo, li reponn li fè sa pa "Lespri Bondye" ([[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#12:28|Matye 12:28]]) oswa "dwèt Bondye", e li di li ta ilojik pou Satan mine pwòp domèn li; li mande tou, si li ekzòsize pa Belzebi, "pa ki moun pitit nou yo chase yo?"<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#11:20|Lik 11:20]].</ref><ref name="Britannica" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |title=Zondervan King James Version Commentary: New Testament |last2=Mitchell |first2=Daniel R. |publisher=Zondervan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-310-25150-7 |page=100 |first1=Edward E. |last1=Hindson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910171333/https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Matye 12:31–32, li di anplis ke byenke tout kalite peche, ladan yo "ensilt kont Bondye" oswa "ensilt kont Pitit Lonm nan", ka padone, blasfèm kont "[[Sentespri]] la" p ap janm padone, epi moun ki koupab yo pote peche yo pou tout tan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 12:31-32 - New International Version|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2012%3A31-32&version=NIV|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=30 January 2026}}</ref> Nan Jan, yo dekri mirak Jezi yo kòm "siy", ke li fè pou montre misyon ak idantite li.<ref name="Sign" />{{sfn|Ehrman|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0/page/84 84]}} Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, lè kèk metèd lalwa ak farizyen mande l yon siy mirakilè pou valide otorite li, Jezi refize,<ref name="Sign">{{cite book |title=Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology |year=2001 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-3717-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 198] |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 |first1=Paul J. |last1=Achtemeier |first2=Joel B. |last2=Green |first3=Marianne M. |last3=Thompson}}</ref> li di pa pral gen okenn siy pou yon jenerasyon koripte ak mechan eksepte siy pwofèt [[Jonas]] la. Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, foul moun yo anjeneral reponn ak mirak li yo ak sezisman epi yo prese sou li pou l geri malad yo, pandan nan Jan, yo dekri Jezi kòm mwens bride pa foul yo, ki souvan reponn siy li yo ak lafwa ak konfyans.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=236}} Yon karakteristik komen nan tout naratif mirak yo se ke Jezi fè yo gratis epi li pa mande ni aksepte peman.<ref>{{cite book |last=van der Loos |first=Hendrik |title=The Miracles Of Jesus |year=1965 |publisher=Brill |page=197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165838/https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |url-status=live}}</ref> Istwa mirak yo souvan melanje ak ansèyman, epi mirak yo menm souvan gen yon dimansyon [[Metòd didaktik|didaktik]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The words and works of Jesus Christ |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-310-30940-6 |page=212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |publisher=Zondervan |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910063513/https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Twelftree|1999 |p=95}} Anpil ladan yo mete aksan sou enpòtans lafwa: nan [[Geri dis lèp yo|geri dis lèp yo]] ak [[Leve pitit fi Jayis la|leve pitit fi Jayis la]], pa egzanp, yo di moun ki benefisye yo ke gerizon yo soti nan lafwa yo.{{sfn|Donahue|Harrington |2002|p=182}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Lockyer |first=Herbert |year=1988 |title=All the Miracles of the Bible |isbn=978-0-310-28101-6 |page=235 |publisher=Zondervan}}</ref> Nan ''A Marginal Jew'', chèchè [[John P. Meier]] defann ke "tradisyon mirak sou ministè piblik Jezi yo deja tèlman byen ateste nan divès sous" ke nenpòt "fabrikasyon total pa premye Legliz la, pale an pratik, enposib". Li baze sa sou sous literè tankou Levanjil Matye, Lik ak Jan, ansanm ak ekri istoryen Jozèf (Josephus). Meier sipoze ke "kritè atestasyon miltip sous ak fòm" sipòte konklizyon ke Jezi te fè "zèv eksepsyonèl" ke kontanporen li yo te konsidere kòm mirak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=John Meier |url=http://archive.org/details/Marginal-Jew_vol-2_Meier_1994 |title=A Marginal Jew/Маргинальный еврей |date=November 1994}}</ref> Chèchè [[Paul J. Achtemeier]] sipoze ke mirak sa yo pat inik a Jezi nan mond ansyen an epi yo te konsidere yo kòm ambigi menm pa temwen ki te wè yo. Li note ke Jezi gen chans te fè zèv yo te konprann kòm ekzòsis, ki te "aksepte kòm reyalite pa kontanporen li yo", men yo pa ta dwe konsidere yo kòm gen "valè prèv konsènan Jezi", paske temwen yo te kapab reklame li t ap travay swa ak Satan swa ak Bondye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Achtemeier |first=Paul J. |date=1975 |title=Miracles and the Historical Jesus: A Study of Mark 9:14-29 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43714056 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=471–491 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> Chèchè [[Gregory Sterling]] obsève ke, nan ka sipoze ekzòsis Jezi yo, "Pou Galileyen premye syèk la ki te kwè nan prezans pèsonèl mal an fòm move lespri, zèv Jezi a te yon validasyon ministè li."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sterling |first=Gregory E. |date=1993 |title=Jesus as Exorcist: An Analysis of Matthew 17:14-20; Mark 9:14-29; Luke 9:37-43a |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43721315 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=467–493 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> ==== Pwoklamasyon, Transfigirasyon ak Semèn Pasyon an ==== [[File:Transfigurationbloch.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Transfigirasyon Jezi]], dekri pa [[Carl Bloch]], 19yèm syèk]] Anviwon nan mitan chak nan twa Levanjil sinoptik yo, yo rakonte de gwo evènman: Konfesyon [[Sen Pyè|Pyè]] a ak Transfigirasyon Jezi a—ki pa mansyone nan Levanjil Jan an.<ref name="Barton132" /><ref>{{cite book |title=The Christology of Mark's Gospel |url=https://archive.org/details/christologyofmar0000king |url-access=limited |first=Jack D. |last=Kingsbury |year=1983 |isbn=978-1-4514-1007-5 |publisher=Fortress Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/christologyofmar0000king/page/91 91]–95}}</ref>{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs" />{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, Gospel of}} Nan Konfesyon Pyè a, Pyè deklare bay Jezi, "Ou se Mesi a, Pitit Bondye vivan an";<ref>{{cite book |last=Karris|first=Robert J.|title=The Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament|publisher=Liturgical Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-8146-2211-7|pages=885–886}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology|first1=Jack D.|last1=Kingsbury|first2=Mark A.|last2=Powell|first3=David R.|last3=Bauer|year=1999|isbn=978-0-664-25752-1|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|page=xvi}}</ref>{{sfn|Donahue|Harrington|2002|p=336}} Jezi afime sa se yon verite Bondye revele.<ref>{{cite book |last=Yieh|first=John Y. H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0-NaraCrAoC|title=One teacher: Jesus' teaching role in Matthew's gospel|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2004|isbn=978-3-11-018151-7|pages=240–241|access-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221947/https://books.google.com/books?id=g0-NaraCrAoC|archive-date=8 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=53–54}} Apre konfesyon sa a, Jezi kòmanse di disip li yo sou soufrans, lanmò ak rezirèksyon li ki gen pou vini.<ref>Matye 16:21, Mak 8:31, ak Lik 9:22.</ref> Nan Transfigirasyon an,<ref name="SynopticTransfiguration">[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#17:1|Matye 17:1–9]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#9:2|Mak 9:2–8]], ak [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#9:28|Lik 9:28–36]].</ref>{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs" /><ref name="Barton132" /> Jezi pran Pyè ak de lòt apot monte sou yon mòn ki pa gen non, kote "li te transfigire devan yo, figi l te klere tankou solèy la, epi rad li te vin blan epatan".{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=72–76}} Yon nwaj klere kouvri yo, epi yon vwa soti nan nwaj la pwoklame, "Sa a se Pitit mwen, byenneme a; mwen kontan pou li; koute l."<ref name="SynopticTransfiguration"/>{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}} Deskripsyon dènye semèn lavi Jezi—souvan yo rele l [[Semèn Pasyon an|Semèn Pasyon]]—okipe apeprè yon tyè nan naratif levanjil kanonik yo.<ref name="Turner613" /> Pati sa a kòmanse ak [[Antre triyonfal nan Jerizalèm|antre triyonfal Jezi nan Jerizalèm]] epi li fini ak krisifiksyon li.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} ==== Aktivite nan Jerizalèm ==== [[File:Gérôme - L'entrée du Christ à Jérusalem - cadre.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Yon penti [[Antre triyonfal nan Jerizalèm|dènye antre Jezi nan Jerizalèm]], pa [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], 1897|alt=Jezi, sou do yon ti bourik, ap pwoche Jerizalèm. Yon gwo foul moun akeyi l deyò miray yo.]] Nan Levanjil sinoptik yo, dènye semèn nan [[Jerizalèm]] fèmen vwayaj Jezi te kòmanse nan Galile a atravè Pere ak Jide.{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} Jezi antre Jerizalèm sou yon jenn bourik, sa ki evoke motif [[Bourik Mesi a|bourik Mesi a]] nan [[Liv Zakari|Liv Zakari a]], kote wa jwif yo ki enb la antre nan vil la nan fason sa a.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Zechariah|9:9|HE}}.</ref><ref name="May Metzger Mark">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year= 1977|chapter=Mark|pages= 1213–1239}}</ref> Pandan l ap avanse, moun yo gaye rad yo ak ti branch pyebwa ([[Branch palmis|branch palmis]]) sou wout devan l epi yo chante liy nan Sòm 118:25–26.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Psalms|118:25–26|HE}}.</ref>{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=256–258}}{{sfn|Majerník|Ponessa|Manhardt|2005|pp=133–134}}{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=381–395}} Answit Jezi chase machann lajan yo nan Tanp lan, li akize yo fè l tounen yon twou vòlè atravè aktivite komèsyal yo. Pifò chèchè dakò li pi pwobab Jezi te fè yon bagay nan tanp lan epi li te mansyone destriksyon li.<ref>{{cite book |last= Sanders |first= E.P. |author-link= E.P. Sanders |year= 1985 |title= Jesus and Judaism |publisher= Fortress Press |page= 61 |isbn= 978-0800620615|title-link=Jesus and Judaism}}</ref>{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}} Nan Jan, Netwayaj Tanp lan fèt nan kòmansman ministè Jezi olye de nan lafen.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#2:13|Jan 2:13–16]].</ref>{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Metòd konpozisyon ansyen yo te enplike deplasman ak konpresyon kwonolojik konsa, menm ak byografè ki fyab tankou [[Plutak]] ki montre yo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vytlačilová |first=Magdalena |date=2023 |title=Jesus, the Gospels, and the Galilean Crisis by Tucker S. Ferda (review) |journal=Neotestamentica |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=197–202 |doi=10.1353/neo.2023.a938405}}</ref> Jezi antre an konfli ak ansyen jwif yo, tankou lè yo [[Otorite Jezi mete an kesyon|mete otorite li an kesyon]] ak lè li [[Malè Farizyen yo|kritike yo epi rele yo ipokrit]].{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=256–258}}{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=381–395}} [[Jida Iskaryòt]], youn nan [[Douz apot yo|douz apot yo]], fè yon maché an sekrè ak ansyen jwif yo, li dakò trayi Jezi ba yo pou [[Trant pyès lajan|30 pyès ajan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lockyer |first=Herbert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q7l-_UFHmYC |title=All the Apostles of the Bible |publisher=Zondervan |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-310-28011-8 |pages=106–111 |access-date=11 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229044027/https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q7l-_UFHmYC |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Synoptic Gospels and the Book of Acts |first=Doremus A. |last=Hayes |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-313-53490-1 |page=88 |publisher=HardPress}}</ref> Levanjil Jan an rakonte de lòt fèt kote Jezi te anseye nan Jerizalèm anvan Semèn Pasyon an.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#7:1|Jan 7:1–10:42]].</ref>{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Nan [[Betani]], yon vilaj tou pre Jerizalèm, Jezi [[Leve Lazar|leve Lazar soti nan lanmò]]. Siy pwisan sa a{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} ogmante tansyon ak otorite yo,{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} ki konplote pou touye l.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#11:1|Jan 11]].</ref>{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} [[Mari Betani]] onksyone pye Jezi, sa ki anonse antèman li.{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|pp=401–470}} Answit Jezi fè antre mesyanik li nan Jerizalèm.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Foul moun k ap kontan akeyi Jezi pandan l ap antre nan Jerizalèm ogmante animozite ant li ak etablisman an.{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} Nan Jan, Jezi te deja netwaye Dezyèm Tanp lan pandan yon vizit Pak anvan nan Jerizalèm. Answit Jan rakonte Dènye Soupe Jezi ak disip li yo.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} ==== Dènye Soupe a ==== [[File:Última Cena - Juan de Juanes.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Dènye Soupe a]], dekri pa [[Juan de Juanes]], {{circa|1562|lk=no}}|alt=Yon reprezantasyon Dènye Soupe a. Jezi chita nan mitan, apot li yo rasanble sou tou de bò l.]] Dènye Soupe a se dènye repa Jezi te pataje ak douz apot li yo nan Jerizalèm anvan krisifiksyon li. Dènye Soupe a mansyone nan kat levanjil kanonik yo; [[Premye Lèt Korentyen yo|Premye Lèt Pòl bay Korentyen yo]]<ref>1 Korentyen [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 Corinthians#11:23|11:23–26]].</ref> refere a li tou.<ref name="Fahlbusch52">{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |volume=4 |first=Erwin |last=Fahlbusch |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8028-2416-5 |pages=53–56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C5V7oyy69zgC&pg=PA53 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907101720/https://books.google.com/books?id=C5V7oyy69zgC&pg=PA53 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=180–191}} Pandan repa a, [[Jezi anonse trayizon li|Jezi predi]] ke youn nan apot li yo pral trayi l.{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=182}} Malgre chak Apot afime li pa t ap trayi l, Jezi repete ke trèt la ta youn nan moun ki la yo. Matye 26:23–25 ak Jan 13:26–27 idantifye Jida kòm trèt la.<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=182}} Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi pran pen, kase l, epi bay disip yo, li di, "Sa a se kò mwen, ki bay pou nou." Answit li fè yo tout bwè nan yon tas, li di, "Tas sa a ki vide pou nou an se nouvo alyans lan nan san mwen."<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#22:19|Lik 22:19–20]].</ref><ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Eucharist}} [[Sakreman]] oswa [[Òdonans (kretyen)|òdonans]] [[Ekaris]] la baze sou evènman sa yo.<ref>{{CathEncy| wstitle=The Blessed Eucharist as a Sacrament |first=Joseph |last=Pohle}}</ref> Byenke Levanjil Jan an pa gen yon deskripsyon ritwèl pen ak diven an pandan Dènye Soupe a, pifò chèchè dakò ke Jan 6:22–59 ([[Diskou sou Pen lavi a]]) gen yon karaktè ekaristik epi li fè rezonans ak [[Orijin Ekaris la#Istwa enstitisyon yo|istwa enstitisyon yo]] nan levanjil sinoptik yo ak nan ekri pòlin yo sou Dènye Soupe a.{{sfn|Freedman|2000|p=792}} Nan tout kat levanjil yo, Jezi predi Pyè pral nye li konnen l twa fwa anvan [[Kòk|kòk]] la chante nan denmen maten.<ref name="Denial">{{cite book |title=Peter: apostle for the whole church |first=Pheme |last=Perkins |publisher=Fortress Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-4514-1598-8 |page=85}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel according to Matthew |volume=1 |first=Johann P. |last=Lange |year=1865 |publisher=Scribner |page=499}}</ref> Nan Lik ak Jan, yo fè prediksyon an pandan Soupe a.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#22:33|Lik 22:34]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#22:33|Jan 22:34]].</ref> Nan Matye ak Mak, yo fè prediksyon an apre Soupe a; Jezi predi tou ke tout disip li yo pral abandone l.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#26:31|Matye 26:31–34]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#14:27|Mak 14:27–30]].</ref>{{sfn|Walvoord|Zuck|1983|pp=83–85}} Levanjil Jan an bay sèl istwa [[Lavman pye|Jezi k ap lave pye disip li yo]] apre repa a.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}} Jan gen ladan l tou yon long sèmon Jezi pou prepare disip li yo (kounye a san Jida) pou depa li. Chapit 14–17 Levanjil Jan an konnen kòm [[Diskou orevwa a]] epi se yon gwo sous kontni [[Kristolojik|kristolojik]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Day |first1=Gail R. |title=John |last2=Hylen |first2=Susan |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-664-25260-1 |pages=142–168}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ridderbos |first=Herman |title=The Gospel of John: A Theological Commentary|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-8028-0453-2 |pages=546–576}}</ref> ==== Ajoni nan jaden an, trayizon ak arestasyon ==== [[File:Caravaggio - The Taking of Christ restored.jpg|thumb|Yon reprezantasyon [[Bo Jida a|bo Jida a]] ak [[Arestasyon Jezi|arestasyon Jezi]], pa [[Caravaggio]], {{circa|1602|lk=no}}|alt=Jida bo Jezi, epi sòlda yo kouri sezi l.]] Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi ak disip li yo ale nan jaden [[Jetsemani]], kote Jezi priye pou yo epanye l soufrans ki rete l pou l soufri a. Answit Jida vini ak yon foul moun ame, voye pa chèf prèt yo, [[Eskrib#Jidayis|eskrib yo]] ak ansyen yo. Li [[Bo Jida a|bo Jezi]] pou idantifye l bay foul la, ki answit [[Arestasyon Jezi|arete Jezi]]. Nan yon tantativ pou sispann yo, yon disip Jezi ki pa gen non itilize yon nepe pou koupe zòrèy [[Malkis|yon nonm]] nan foul la. Apre arestasyon Jezi, disip li yo kache, epi Pyè, lè yo kesyone l, [[Renyman Pyè|nye]] twa fwa ke li konnen Jezi. Apre twazyèm renyman an, Pyè tande kòk la chante epi li sonje prediksyon Jezi sou renyman li. Answit Pyè kriye anpil.{{sfn|Walvoord|Zuck|1983|pp=83–85}}{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}}<ref name="Denial" /> Nan Jan 18:1–11, Jezi pa priye pou yo epanye l krisifiksyon an, paske levanjil la montre l prèske pa afekte pa feblès imen konsa.{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Jesus}} Moun ki arete l yo se [[Lame women|sòlda women]] ak gad Tanp lan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Michaels |first1=J. Ramsey |title=John |series=Understanding the Bible Commentary Series |date=2011 |publisher=Baker Books |page=187 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zGr-amBm4PUC&pg=PT187 |isbn=978-1-4412-3659-3 |access-date=7 September 2017 |archive-date=26 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226071102/https://books.google.com/books?id=zGr-amBm4PUC&pg=PT187 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olye de yon bo trayi li, Jezi pwoklame idantite li, epi lè l fè sa, sòlda yo ak ofisye yo tonbe atè. Levanjil la idantifye Pyè kòm disip ki te itilize nepe a, epi Jezi repwoche l pou sa. ==== Jijman devan Sanedren an, Ewòd ak Pilat ==== Apre arestasyon li, yo pran Jezi anreta nan lannwit nan rezidans prive wo prèt la, [[Kayif]], ki te enstale pa predesesè Pilat, prokirè women [[Valerius Gratus]].<ref>[[Jozèf (istoryen)|Josephus]] Antiquities 18.2.2.</ref> [[Sanedren]] la se te yon kò jidisyè jwif.{{sfn|Brown|1997|p=146}} Istwa levanjil yo diferan sou [[Jijman Jezi devan Sanedren an|detay jijman yo]].<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Bromiley |editor-first1=Geoffrey W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yklDk6Vv0l4C&pg=PA1050 |title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E–J |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-3782-0 |pages=1050–1052 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907182833/https://books.google.com/books?id=yklDk6Vv0l4C&pg=PA1050 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Matye 26:57, Mak 14:53, ak Lik 22:54, yo mennen Jezi lakay wo prèt la, Kayif, kote yo [[Moke Jezi|moke]] li epi bat li nan nwit sa a. Bonè nan denmen maten, chèf prèt yo ak eskrib yo mennen Jezi ale nan konsèy yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=487–500}}{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=396–400}}<ref name="Holman608">{{cite book |title=Holman Concise Bible Dictionary |publisher=B&H Publishing Group|lccn=97-22283|year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8054-9548-5 |pages=608–609}}</ref> Jan 18:12–14 di yo premye mennen Jezi bay [[Ana]], bòpè Kayif, epi answit bay wo prèt la.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=487–500}}{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=396–400}}<ref name="Holman608" /> [[File:Ecce homo by Antonio Ciseri (1).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''Ecce homo!'' Reprezantasyon [[Antonio Ciseri]] an 1871 de [[Ponsyis Pilat]] k ap prezante Jezi bay piblik la|alt=Yon reprezantasyon jijman piblik Jezi]] Pandan jijman yo, Jezi pale trè piti, li pa defann tèt li, epi li bay repons trè ra ak endirèk a kesyon prèt yo, sa ki pouse yon ofisye souflete l. Nan Matye 26:62, silans Jezi pouse Kayif mande l, "Ou pa gen repons?".{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=487–500}}{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=396–400}}<ref name="Holman608" /> Nan Mak 14:61, wo prèt la mande Jezi, "Eske ou se Mesi a, Pitit Sila a ki beni an?". Jezi reponn, "[[Mwen se (tèm biblik)|Se mwen]]", epi answit li predi vini Pitit Lonm nan.<ref name="Britannica" /> Sa fè Kayif chire pwòp rad li nan kòlè epi akize Jezi de blasfèm. Nan Matye ak Lik, repons Jezi a pi ambigi:<ref name="Britannica" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|p=495}} nan Matye 26:64, li reponn, "Se ou menm ki di sa", epi nan Lik 22:70 li di, "Se nou menm ki di mwen se li."{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=396–398}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Luke's presentation of Jesus: a christology |first=Robert F. |last=O'Toole |year=2004 |isbn=978-88-7653-625-0 |page=166 |publisher=Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico|series=Subsidia Biblica}}</ref> Ansyen jwif yo mennen Jezi nan [[Tribinal Pilat]] epi mande gouvènè women an, [[Ponsyis Pilat]], pou l jije epi kondane Jezi pou divès akizasyon: boulvèse nasyon an, opoze peman tribi a, pretann li se Kris la, yon wa, epi pretann li se pitit Bondye.{{efn|Matye: "pretann li se wa jwif yo". Mak: "Wa jwif yo". Lik: "boulvèse nasyon an, opoze peman taks bay Sezar, pretann li se Kris la, yon wa" Jan: "vyole lalwa jwif la, pretann li se pitit Bondye".}}<ref name="Holman608" /> Itilizasyon mo "wa" a santral nan diskisyon ant Jezi ak Pilat. Nan Jan 18:36, Jezi deklare, "Wayòm mwen an pa nan mond sa a", men li pa nye klèman ke li se Wa jwif yo.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=Twenty-Third Publications |title=The Names of Jesus |first=Stephen J. |last=Binz |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-58595-315-8 |pages=81–82}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ironside |first=H. A. |title=John |publisher=Kregel |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8254-9619-6 |page=454}}</ref> Nan Lik 23:7–15, Pilat reyalize Jezi se yon Galileyen, kidonk li tonbe anba jiridiksyon [[Ewòd Antipas]], [[Tetrarki erodyen|Tetrak]] Galile ak Pere.{{sfn|Niswonger|1992|p=172}}{{sfn|Majerník|Ponessa|Manhardt|2005|p=181}} Pilat voye Jezi bay Ewòd pou l jije l,{{sfn|Carter|2003|pp=120–121}} men Jezi pa di prèske anyen an repons a kesyon Ewòd yo. Ewòd ak sòlda li yo moke Jezi, mete yon rad chè sou li pou fè l sanble yon wa, epi retounen l bay Pilat,{{sfn|Niswonger|1992|p=172}} ki answit rele ansyen jwif yo ansanm epi anonse ke li "pa jwenn nonm sa a koupab".{{sfn|Carter|2003|pp=120–121}} Pou respekte yon koutim Pak nan epòk la, Pilat pèmèt yon prizonye ke foul la chwazi lage. Li bay pèp la yon chwa ant Jezi ak yon asasen ki rele [[Barabas]] ({{lang|he|[[wikt:בר-אבא|בר-אבא]]}} oswa ''Bar-abbâ'', "pitit papa a", soti nan non bay komen ''[[Abba (non)|Abba]]'': 'papa').{{sfn|Evans|2012b|p=453}} Konvenki pa ansyen yo,<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#27:20|Matye 27:20]].</ref> foul la chwazi lage Barabas epi krisifye Jezi.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=400–401}} Pilat ekri yon plak an ebre, laten ak grèk ki di "Jezi Nazarèt, Wa jwif yo" (abreje [[INRI]] nan reprezantasyon yo) pou yo fikse sou kwa Jezi a,<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#19:19|Jan 19:19–20]].</ref>{{sfn|Brown|1988|p=93}} answit li [[Flajelasyon Kris|fwete Jezi]] epi voye l pou yo krisifye l. Sòlda yo mete yon [[Kouwòn pikan|kouwòn pikan]] sou tèt Jezi epi yo ridikilize l kòm Wa jwif yo. Yo bat li epi yo moke l anvan yo mennen l nan [[Kalvè]],<ref>{{cite book |title=The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew |first=Donald |last=Senior |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8146-5460-6 |publisher=Liturgical Press |page=124}}</ref> yo rele l Golgota tou, pou krisifiksyon.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=487–500}}<ref name="Holman608" />{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|p=402}} ==== Krisifiksyon ak antèman ==== [File:Cristo crucificado.jpg|alt=Yon reprezantasyon Jezi sou kwa a.|thumb|Reprezantasyon [[Diego Velázquez]] de [[Krisifiksyon Jezi|Krisifiksyon an]], anviwon 1632]] Yo dekri krisifiksyon Jezi nan tout kat levanjil kanonik yo. Apre jijman yo, yo mennen Jezi nan Kalvè [[Jezi pote kwa a|k ap pote kwa li]]; wout ke yo tradisyonèlman panse li te pran an rele [[Via Dolorosa]]. Twa levanjil sinoptik yo endike ke [[Simon Sirèn]] ede l, paske Women yo te fòse l fè sa.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=211–214}} Nan Lik 23:27–28, Jezi di fanm ki nan foul moun k ap swiv li a pou yo pa kriye pou li men pou yo menm ak pitit yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}} Nan Kalvè, yo ofri Jezi yon eponj tranpe nan yon melanj ke yo anjeneral ofri kòm [[Analjezik|kalman doulè]]. Dapre Matye ak Mak, li refize l.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=211–214}} Answit sòlda yo krisifye Jezi epi [[Tiraj osò|tire osò]] pou rad li yo. Anwo tèt Jezi sou kwa a gen plak miltileng Pilat la, "Jezi Nazarèt, Wa jwif yo." Sòlda yo ak pasan yo [[Moke Jezi|moke]] li sou sa. De vòlè kondane krisifye ansanm ak Jezi. Nan Matye ak Mak, tou de vòlè yo moke Jezi. Nan Lik, [[Vòlè ki pa repanti a|youn nan yo]] repwoche Jezi, pandan [[Vòlè ki repanti a|lòt la]] defann li.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=271}}{{sfn|Ehrman|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0/page/82 82]}} Jezi di dènye a: "jodi a w ap avè m nan Paradi."<ref>Lik 23:43.</ref> Kat levanjil yo mansyone prezans [[Fanm nan krisifiksyon an|yon gwoup fanm ki disip Jezi]] nan krisifiksyon an. Nan Jan, Jezi wè manman l Mari ak [[Disip byenneme a]] epi li di l pran swen l.<ref>Jan 19:26–27.</ref> Nan Jan 19:33–34, sòlda women yo kase janm de vòlè yo pou akselere lanmò yo, men pa sa Jezi, paske li te deja mouri. Pito, [[Lonjen|yon sòlda]] pèse kòtlèt Jezi ak yon [[Sen Lans|lans]], epi [[Senk Sen Blesi yo|san ak dlo]] koule.{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=271}} Levanjil sinoptik yo rapòte yon [[Tenèb krisifiksyon an|peryòd tenèb]], epi gwo rido Tanp lan chire lè Jezi mouri. Nan Matye 27:51–54, yon tranblemanntè louvri tonm yo. Nan Matye ak Mak, tèlman evènman yo te pè yo, yon [[Santiryon|santiryon]] women deklare Jezi se te Pitit Bondye.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=213–214}} Menm jou a, [[Jozèf Arimate]], ak pèmisyon Pilat epi ak èd [[Nikodèm]], [[Desann Jezi sou kwa a|retire kò Jezi sou kwa a]], vlope l nan yon twal pwòp, epi antere l nan yon nouvo [[Tonm|tonm woch]].{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}} Nan Matye 27:62–66, jou ki vini apre a, chèf prèt jwif yo mande Pilat pou yo sekirize tonm lan, epi ak pèmisyon Pilat, prèt yo mete sele sou gwo wòch ki kouvri antre a.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Morris|1992|p=727}} === Rezirèksyon ak asansyon === [[File:Alexander Ivanov - Christ's Appearance to Mary Magdalene after the Resurrection - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|alt=Jezi k ap parèt devan Mari Madlèn apre [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|rezirèksyon l soti nan lanmò]], dekri pa [[Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov]].|''Aparisyon Jezikri bay Mari Madlèn'' pa [[Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov]], 1835]] Levanjil yo pa dekri moman [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|rezirèksyon]] an. Yo dekri dekouvèt [[Tonm vid la|tonm vid li an]] ak plizyè aparisyon Jezi, ak diferans klè nan chak naratif.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vermes |first=Geza |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PYcnn9WxVcC |title=The Resurrection |publisher=Penguin |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-14-191263-9 |place=London |page=141 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309231513/https://books.google.com/books?id=1PYcnn9WxVcC |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan kat Levanjil yo, [[Mari Madlèn]] ale nan tonm lan dimanch maten, pou kont li oswa ak youn oswa plizyè [[Fanm ki te pote lami yo|lòt fanm]].{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=308–309}} Tonm lan vid, wòch la woule ale, epi gen youn oswa de zanj, selon istwa yo. Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, yo di fanm yo Jezi pa la e li leve.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|16:5–6}}, {{bibleverse|Matthew|28:5–6}}, and {{bibleverse|Luke|24:4–6}}.</ref> Nan Mak ak Matye, zanj la enstwi yo tou pou yo di disip yo rankontre Jezi nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|16:7}}, {{bibleverse|Matthew|28:7}}.</ref> Nan Lik, Pyè vizite tonm lan apre yo fin di l li vid.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|24:12}}.</ref> Nan Jan, li ale la ak disip byenneme a.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|20:2–8}}.</ref> Matye mansyone gad women bò tonm lan,<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|28:7}}.</ref> ki rapòte bay prèt Jerizalèm sa ki te pase. Prèt yo koronpi yo pou yo di disip yo te [[Ipotèz kò vòlè a|vòlè kò Jezi]] pandan lannwit.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|28:11–15}}.</ref> Kat Levanjil yo dekri answit divès aparisyon Jezi nan kò rezirèksyon li. Jezi revele tèt li premye bay Mari Madlèn nan Mak 16:9 ak Jan 20:14–17,<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|16:9}}, {{bibleverse|John|20:14–17}}.</ref> ansanm ak "lòt Mari a" nan Matye 28:9,<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|28:9–10}}.</ref> pandan nan Lik, premye aparisyon ki rapòte a se bay [[Aparisyon sou wout Emayis|de disip]] k ap ale [[Emayis]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|24:13–31}}.</ref> Answit Jezi revele tèt li bay onz disip yo, nan Jerizalèm oswa nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|16:14}}, {{bibleverse|Matthew|28:16–17}}, and {{bibleverse|John|20:19–23}}.</ref> Nan Lik 24:36–43, li manje epi li montre yo [[Senk Sen Blesi yo|blesi li ki ka manyen yo]] pou pwouve yo li pa yon lespri.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|24:36–43}}.</ref> Li montre yo tou bay [[Toma apot la|Toma]] pou mete fen [[Toma ki doute a|dout li]], nan Jan 20:24–29.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|20:24–29}}.</ref> Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi [[Gran Komisyon an|bay disip yo misyon]] pou gaye mesaj levanjil la bay tout nasyon,{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}}{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=297–301}} pandan nan [[Jan 21]], li [[Restorasyon Pyè|di Pyè]] pran swen mouton li yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=216–226}} [[Antre nan syèl vivan|Asansyon]] Jezi nan Syèl la dekri nan Lik 24:50–53, Travay 1:1–11, epi mansyone nan 1 Timote 3:16. Nan Travay Apot yo, karant jou apre Rezirèksyon an, pandan disip yo t ap gade, "yo leve l anlè, epi yon nwaj wete l devan je yo". 1 Pyè 3:22 di Jezi "monte nan syèl la epi li sou bò dwat Bondye".{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}} Travay Apot yo dekri plizyè aparisyon Jezi apre Asansyon li. Nan Travay 7:55, [[Sen Etyèn|Etyèn]] gade nan syèl la epi li wè "Jezi kanpe sou bò dwat Bondye" jis anvan lanmò li.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bruce |first=Frederick F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2lN0ibbLOHEC&pg=PA210 |title=The Acts of the Apostles |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-8028-0966-7 |page=210 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222000/https://books.google.com/books?id=2lN0ibbLOHEC&pg=PA210 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sou wout [[Damas]], Apot [[Konvèsyon Pòl apot la|Pòl konvèti]] nan Krisyanis apre li fin wè yon limyè ki avegle l epi tande yon vwa ki di, "Mwen se Jezi, moun ou ap pèsekite a."<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Acts#9:5|Travay 9:5]].</ref> Nan Travay 9:10–18, Jezi enstwi [[Ananyas Damas]] nan yon vizyon pou l geri Pòl.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Luke T. |title=The Acts of the Apostles |last2=Harrington |first2=Daniel J. |publisher=Liturgical Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-8146-5807-9 |pages=164–167}}</ref> [[Liv Apokalips|Liv Revelasyon an]] gen ladan l yon revelasyon ki soti nan Jezi sou [[Eskatoloji kretyen|dènye jou Latè yo]].<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle=Apocalypse |last=Van den Biesen |first=Christian}}</ref> {{clear}} === Referans === {{Referans Anpil|kolòn=2}} t94mm5yu6qdltu7w1mn6ap6gbux0zsb 889174 889173 2026-10-23T06:01:06Z Kitanago 19629 /* Referans */ 889174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | non = Jezi Kris | imaj = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | taille image = 200 | lejand = [[Christ pantocrator (Sinaï)|Christ pantocrator nan monastè Sent-Katrin Sinaï]], {{sap-|VI}} | tit = [[Jezi Nazarèt]] ak Pitit Bondye a | dat nesans = ant [[7 av. J.-K.|7]] ak [[5 av. J.-K.|5 anvan epòk nou an]] | lye nesans = [[Bètleyèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]), selon Levanjil yo ; [[Nazarèt]] nan [[Galile (rejyon)|Galile]], selon yon majorite istoryen. | dat lanmò = ant [[30]] et [[33]]<ref>Aujourd'hui, la très grande majorité des chercheurs donnent 30 ou 33, selon la longueur qu'ils estiment du ministère de Jésus, mais selon la tradition, il est mort à trente-trois ans : selon ses dates supposées de naissance, cela donne entre 26 et 28 ; cf. {{chapitre|langue=en|prénom1=Stanley E.|nom1=Porter|titre chapitre=Chronology of the New Testament|auteurs ouvrage=David Noel Freedman et Allen C. Myers (dirs.)|titre ouvrage=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|éditeur=Amsterdam University Press|année=2000|isbn=9789053565032|passage=250}}. Quelques-uns donnent 29 et une petite minorité va jusqu'à 36 ; voir la synthèse de {{Ouvrage|prénom1=Raymond E.|nom1=Brown|lien auteur1=Raymond Edward Brown|titre=La Mort du Messie|éditeur=[[Éditions Bayard|Bayard]]|année=2005|pages totales=1695|passage=1552|isbn=978-2-227-35025-0}} </ref> | lye lanmò = [[Jerizalèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]) | laj lanmò = Anviwon 35 an | non nesans = | lòt non = [[Jezi Nazarèt]]<br />[[Mesi]]<br />[[Trinite (chrisyanis)|Bondye]] | nasyonalite = }} '''Jezi'''{{efn|{{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{transliteration|grc|Iēsoús}}, gen chans soti nan {{langx|he|יֵשׁוּעַ|label=[[Lang ebre|ebre]] oswa [[Arameyen|arameyen]]}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{tlit|und|[[Yeshua|Yēšūaʿ]]}} }} ({{circa|6 a 4 anvan Jezikri}}<!-- "By collating the gospel accounts with historical data and using various other methods, most scholars arrive at a date of birth between 6 and 4 BC for Jesus, though scholarly arguments for a date of birth between 7 and 1 BC have been made" in 'Chronology' section -->{{snd}}ane 30 oswa 33 apre Jezikri), ke yo rele tou '''Jezikri''',{{efn|[[Kopt (lang)|Kopt]]: {{lang|cop|Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ́ρⲓⲥτⲟⲥ}}; [[Geʽez]]: {{lang|gez|መሲህ ኢየሱስ}}; [[Grèk koine|Grèk]]: {{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}; [[Ebre klasik|Ebre]]: {{lang|hbo|ישוע המשיח}}; [[Laten]]: {{lang|la|Iesus Christus}}; [[Slavon legliz|Slavon]]: {{lang|cu|І҆исоу́съ Хрїсто́съ}}; [[Siryak klasik|Siryak]]: {{lang|syc|ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ}}}} '''Jezi Nazarèt''', epi pa [[Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|lòt non ak tit]] ankò, se te yon predikatè [[Jwif|jwif]] ak [[Lis fondatè tradisyon relijye|lidè relijye]] ki te aktif nan [[Jide (pwovens women)|pwovens women Jide]] pandan 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} <!-- Do not merge these. Jesus is — not was — the central figure of Christianity. -->Li se [[Jezi nan Krisyanis|figi santral]] [[Krisyanis]], [[Gwo gwoup relijyon yo|pi gwo relijyon nan mond lan]]. Pifò [[Konfesyon kretyen|branch kretyen]] konsidere Jezi kòm [[Enkanasyon (Krisyanis)|enkanasyon]] [[Bondye Pitit la]] ak [[Mesi#Krisyanis|Mesi]] oswa [[Kris (tit)|Kris]] yo t ap tann nan. Istwa [[Lavi Jezi|lavi Jezi]] yo kontni nan [[Evanjil|Evanjil yo]], sitou nan [[Kat evanjil kanonik yo|kat evanjil kanonik]] [[Nouvo Testaman|Nouvo Testaman an]]. Depi [[Syèk Limyè yo]], [[Rechèch Jezi istorik la|rechèch akademik]] pwodui divès opinyon sou [[Fyabilite istorik evanjil yo|fyabilite istorik evanjil yo]] ak nan ki mezi yo reflete [[Jezi istorik|Jezi istorik la]],{{sfn|Powell|1998|pp=168–173}}{{efn|Ehrman ekri: "Lide ki di istwa evanjil yo pa konplètman egzak men yo toujou enpòtan pou verite relijye yo eseye transmèt la, se yon lide ki byen pataje nan mond chèchè yo, menmsi li pa byen konnen ni kwè deyò mond sa a."<ref>Bart D. Ehrman. [http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium']. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123155853/https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html |date=23 January 2019 }} Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.), The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24{{Clarify|reason=It's unclear if this citation is for one source or multiple sources. Is it a book or an audio lecture?|date=October 2025}}</ref><br />Sanders ekri: "Premye kretyen yo pa t ekri yon naratif sou lavi Jezi, men yo te itilize epi konsa konsève inite endividyèl yo—ti pasaj sou pawòl ak aksyon li. Pita, otè ak editè yo te deplase epi achte inite sa yo. [...] Gen kèk materyèl ki te revize epi gen lòt premye kretyen yo te kreye."{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=57}}}}{{Sfn|Bowman Jr.|Komoszewski|2019|p=22–23}}<ref>{{Cite journal|author-first1=Craig A. |author-last1=Evans|url=https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/54.1.1.pdf|title=Life-of-Jesus Research and the Eclipse of Mythology|journal=Theological Studies |volume=54 |year=1993|pages= 13–14|quote=First, the New Testament Gospels are now viewed as useful, if not essentially reliable, historical sources. Gone is the extreme skepticism that for so many years dominated gospel research. Representative of many is the position of E. P. Sanders and Marcus Borg, who have concluded that it is possible to recover a fairly reliable picture of the historical Jesus.}}</ref><!---- The following paragraph was created by consensus after considerable discussion by a variety of editors. Out of courtesy for this process, please discuss any proposed changes on the talk page before editing it. ----><!-- PLEASE READ THIS FIRST. The following references are WP:RS sources that are used per WP:RS/AC guideline. The issue has been discussed on the talk page at length See the "talk page FAQ" about it; it may answer your question. The main source says "scholars of antiquity", other sources say "scholars", "biblical scholars and classical historians" and "historians". Sources do not say "X scholars" or "Christian scholars", so do not modify it as such, for that will make it deviate from what the sources state. The source says "virtually all", so do NOT change it to "most", "several", "many", etc. Thank you. ----> men prèske tout chèchè modèn [[Ansyènte klasik|ansyènte]] dakò ke [[Istorisite Jezi|Jezi te egziste istorikman]].{{efn |name=exist|Nan yon revizyon etid modèn yo an 2011, [[Bart D. Ehrman]] te ekri, "Li sètènman te egziste, jan prèske tout chèchè konpetan ansyènte, kretyen kou pa kretyen, dakò sou sa."{{sfn|Ehrman|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376/page/n298 285]}} [[Richard A. Burridge]] di: "Gen moun ki sipòte lide ke Jezi se yon envansyon imajinasyon Legliz la, ke pat gen okenn Jezi menm. Mwen oblije di mwen pa konnen okenn chèchè kritik respektab ki di sa ankò."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jesus Now and Then |first1=Richard A. |last1=Burridge |first2=Graham |last2=Gould |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34 34] |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34}}</ref> [[Robert M. Price]] pa kwè Jezi te egziste men li dakò ke pèspektiv sa a kontrè ak opinyon majorite chèchè yo.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Robert M. |last=Price |title=Jesus at the Vanishing Point |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus: Five Views |editor-last1=Beilby |editor-last2=Eddy |year=2009 |publisher=InterVarsity |isbn=978-0-8308-7853-6 |editor-first=James K. |pages=55, 61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |editor2-first=Paul R. |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112540/https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[James D. G. Dunn]] rele teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo "yon tèz konplètman mouri".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Dunn|first=J. D. G.|author-link1=James Dunn (theologian)|title=Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus |encyclopedia=Sacrifice and Redemption |editor-first1=Stephen W. |editor-last1=Sykes |editor-link1= Stephen Sykes|year=2007 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511659522.005 |isbn=978-0-521-04460-8 |pages=35–36}}</ref> Dapre [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]] (yon [[Klasisis|klasisis]]), "Nan dènye ane yo [an 2004], 'okenn chèchè serye pa janm ozewa sipoze Jezi pa t egziste istorikman' oswa omwen trè piti, epi yo pa reyisi elimine prèv ki pi solid, vrèman abondan, ki di kontrè a."<ref>{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Grant |title=Jesus|publisher=Phoenix |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-684-14889-2 |page=200}}</ref> [[Robert E. Van Voorst]] di chèchè biblik ak istoryen klasik konsidere teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo kòm efektivman refite.{{sfn|Van Voorst|2000|p=16}} Nan yon atik pou ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', [[Candida Moss]] ak Joel Baden di, "gen yon konsansis prèske inivèsèl nan mitan chèchè biblik yo&nbsp;– pa vre yo omwen&nbsp;– ke Jezi te, an reyalite, yon vrè nonm."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |title=So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=5 October 2014 |author-first2=Joel |author-last2=Baden |author-link1=Candida Moss|author-first1=Candida |author-last1=Moss |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205210029/https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Dapre [[Tradisyon kretyen|tradisyon kretyen]], jan yo prezante l nan Evanjil yo ak [[Travay Apot yo]], Jezi [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|te sikonsi]] nan wityèm jou, [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezante]] nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] nan karantyèm jou. Jan [[Jan Batis]] te [[Batèm Jezi|batize]] li lè li te yon jenn adilt, epi apre [[Tantasyon Kris|40 jou ak 40 nwit]] jèn nan [[Dezè Jide a|dezè Jide a]], li te kòmanse [[Ministè Jezi|ministè piblik li]]. Li te yon [[Metèd vwayajè|metèd ekòl vwayajè]] ke disip li yo te kwè li te gen otorite divin pou entèprete [[Halakha|lalwa jwif la]]. Jezi souvan te diskite ak lòt jwif, pi souvan [[Farizyen|farizyen]] ak [[Sadiseyen|sadiseyen]], sou pi bon fason pou swiv [[Bondye nan jidayis|Bondye]]; li te fè gerizon; li te anseye nan [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]]; epi li te rasanble disip, 12 nan yo li te chwazi kòm [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li. Dapre istwa Nouvo Testaman yo, Jezi te arete nan [[Jerizalèm]] epi [[Jijman Jezi devan Sanedren an|jije]] pa [[Sanedren|Sanedren an]];{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=11}} apre sa yo te lanse l bay otorite women yo, epi li te [[Krisifiksyon Jezi|krisifye]] sou lòd [[Ponsyis Pilat]], prefè women [[Jide (pwovens women)|Jide]]. Nan [[Teyoloji kretyen|teyoloji kretyen]], [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|Rezirèksyon]] se evènman kote Jezi te leve soti vivan nan [[Lanmò|lanmò]], twa jou apre lanmò li, epi kwayans sa a te vin fondasyon [[Krisyanis primitif|Legliz kretyen primitif la]], ki te elaji nan yon [[Gaye Krisyanis|mouvman mondyal]].{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=11, 14}} Teyoloji kretyen gen ladan l kwayans ke Jezi te konsevwa pa [[Sentespri nan Krisyanis|Sentespri]], te [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|fèt nan yon vyèj]] ki rele [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], te fè [[Mirak Jezi|mirak]], te fonde [[Legliz kretyen|Legliz kretyen an]], te mouri sou kwa kòm yon sakrifis pou [[Ekspiyasyon nan Krisyanis|ekspiyasyon peche]], te leve soti vivan pa Bondye Papa a, epi te [[Asansyon Jezi|monte]] nan [[Syèl nan Krisyanis|Syèl la]], kote li pral retounen. Kretyen jeneralman kwè Jezi pèmèt moun [[Bondye nan Krisyanis|rekonsilye ak Bondye]]. [[Kredo Nise|Kredo Nise a]] afime Jezi pral [[Dènye Jijman|jije vivan yo ak mò yo]], swa [[Eta entèmedyè (Krisyanis)|anvan]] swa [[Mòtalis kretyen|apre]] [[Rezirèksyon mò yo#Krisyanis|rezirèksyon kò yo]], yon evènman ki asosye ak [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi|Dezyèm Vini Jezi a]] nan [[Eskatoloji kretyen|eskatoloji kretyen]]. Anpil branch kretyen konsidere Jezi kòm enkanasyon Bondye Pitit la, dezyèm nan twa [[prosopon|pèsòn]] [[Trinite|Trinite a]].{{efn|Yon ti minorite nan konfesyon kretyen rejte trinitarism, nèt oswa an pati, kòm ki pa nan Ekriti yo.}} [[Nesans Jezi]] nan vil [[Jide|jide]] [[Betleyèm]] nan selebre chak ane, jeneralman nan 25 desanm,{{efn|Pifò kretyen ak [[Alawit|alawit]] selebre Nwèl. Yon pati nan [[Krisyanis oryantal|legliz kretyen oryantal]] yo selebre Nwèl nan 25 desanm [[Kalandriye jilyen|kalandriye jilyen]], ki kounye a koresponn ak 7 janvye nan [[Kalandriye gregoryen|kalandriye gregoryen]]. Selebrasyon Nwèl yo kòmanse nan [[Veyè Nwèl]], jeneralman 24 desanm.}} kòm [[Nwèl]]. [[Krisifiksyon]] li komemore nan [[Vandredi Sen]] epi rezirèksyon li nan [[Dimanch Pak]]. [[Epòk kalandriye]] ki pi lajman itilize nan mond lan—kote ane aktyèl la se [[Anno Domini|AD]] {{CURRENTYEAR}} (oswa {{CURRENTYEAR}} [[Epòk komen|CE]])—tradisyonèlman baze sou [[Dat nesans Jezi|dat apwoksimatif nesans Jezi]].<ref>{{cite dictionary |year=2003 |title=anno Domini |dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Anno%20Domini |access-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222112520/http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/anno%20domini |archive-date=22 December 2007 |quote=Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of our Lord |url-status=live}}.</ref> [[Opinyon jwif sou Jezi|Jidayis dominan an rejte]] kwayans ke Jezi te mesi yo t ap tann nan, e li di li pat akonpli [[Mesi nan jidayis|pwofesi mesyanik yo]], li pat [[Onksyone|onksyone]] nan fòm lalwa, epi li pat ni divin ni resisite. Kontrèman, [[Jezi nan Islam]]{{efn|Souvan yo rele l pa non koranik li, {{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[Isa (non)|ʿĪsā]]}}}} konsidere kòm [[Mesi#Islam|mesi a]] ak yon [[Pwofèt ak mesaje nan Islam|pwofèt]] [[Bondye nan Islam|Bondye]], ki te voye bay [[Izrayelit|Izrayelit yo]] epi ki [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi#Islam|pral retounen sou Latè]] anvan [[Jou Jijman nan Islam|Jou Jijman an]]. [[Mizilman]] kwè Jezi te fèt nan vyèj [[Mari nan Islam|Mari]] men li pat ni Bondye ni pitit Bondye. Pifò Mizilman [[Opinyon islamik sou lanmò Jezi|pa kwè yo te touye l oswa krisifye l]], men Bondye [[Antre nan syèl vivan|te leve l nan Syèl la pandan li te toujou vivan]].{{efn|Gen kèk Mizilman nan Mwayennaj ki te kwè Jezi te krisifye, kon manm mouvman modèn Ahmadiyya a; gade {{slink||Islamic perspectives}}.}} Jezi tou venere nan [[Lafwa Bahayi]] ak [[Relijyon dwouz|relijyon dwouz]], ansanm ak nan [[Rastafari]]. {{TOC limit|3}} == Non == {{Further|Jezi (non)|Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|Non sen Jezi|Non Bondye nan Krisyanis}} [[File:JesusYeshua2.svg|thumb|Soti anwo agòch: transkripsyon [[Arameyen|arameyen]], [[Lang ebre|ebre]], [[Lang grèk|grèk]], [[Laten|laten]] ak angle non ''Jezi'']] Yon jwif nan tan Jezi souvan [[Non jwif|te gen yon sèl non]], pafwa swivi pa yon fraz [[Patwonim|patwonimik]] ki gen fòm "pitit [non papa a]", oswa pa vil kote li soti a.<ref name="Britannica" /> Konsa, nan Nouvo Testaman an, souvan yo refere a Jezi kòm "Jezi [[Nazarèt]]".{{efn|Atik sa a itilize sitasyon ki soti nan [[Nouvo Vèsyon Revize Estanda]] Bib la.}} Vwazen Jezi yo nan Nazarèt te rele l "bòs bòs la, pitit [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]] ak frè [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jak jenn nan|Jozès]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]", "pitit bòs bòs la", oswa "pitit [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]]"; nan [[Evanjil Jan|Evanjil Jan an]], disip [[Filip apot la|Filip]] rele l "Jezi pitit Jozèf, moun Nazarèt".<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:45}}</ref> Non ''Jezi'' se transliterasyon angle, atravè laten ''Iesus'', de {{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, ki se vèsyon grèk non ebre יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ ''Yehoshua'' (Yehōšuᵃʿ).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Greek: 2424. Ἰησοῦς (Iésous) -- Jesus |url=https://biblehub.com/greek/2424.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The Greek name corresponds to the Hebrew "Joshua."''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1">{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The name Jesus, in Greek, answers to Joshua, or rather, Jehoshuah, in Hebrew, which signifies Jehovah shall save;'' […] ''It was not without reason that the successor of Moses was called by this name; for, by subduing the Canaanites, and putting the tribes of Israel in possession of the promised land, he showed himself to be, under God, the Saviour of his people. But this name agrees much better to our Jesus, who both delivers his followers from much more dangerous enemies, and divides unto them a much more glorious inheritance.''}}</ref> Non ebre/[[Arameyen|arameyen]] sa a te komen nan mitan jwif [[Jide|jide]] yo nan epòk nesans Jezi,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Barnes' Notes |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''It was a very common name among the Jews.''}}</ref> byenke nan peryòd sa a li te deja rakousi an יֵשׁוּעַ ''[[Yeshua]]'' (Yešūᵃʿ);<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3442. יֵשׁ֫וּעַ (Yeshua) -- Yeshua, Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3442.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûaʿ) is the late, shortened spelling of the earlier name יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (Yehōšûaʿ, "Joshua").}}</ref> kontraksyon an te deja fèt nan liv biblik ki pi ta tankou [[Liv Neyemi|Neyemi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=H3442 - yēšûaʿ - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) |url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/gen/1/1/s_1001 |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=Blue Letter Bible |quote=''Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon: יֵשׁוּעַ [Jeshua] a contracted form of the proper name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ used in the later Hebrew ... proper name of other men, mentioned in the books of Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah''}}</ref> kote yo rele [[Jozye]] ''Yeshua''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehemiah 8:17 Hebrew Interlinear: ... for the sons of Israel had not done, from the days of '''Jeshua [יֵשׁוּעַ, Yeshua] son of Nun''' ... |url=https://biblehub.com/interlinear/nehemiah/8-17.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> Non an vle di "[[Tetragram|Bondye]] sove" an ebre, literalman "[[Yawe]] sove",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3091. יְהוֹשׁ֫וּעַ (Yehoshua) -- Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Both Joshua son of Nun and Jesus of Nazareth bear the name "Yahweh saves"''}}</ref> soti nan [[Rasin semitik|rasin]] ישׁע (''y-š-ʿ,'' 'sove') ak non יְשׁוּעָה (''yeshuah'', 'sali'). [[Evanjil Matye|Evanjil Matye a]] afime siyifikasyon etimolojik non Jezi a klèman nan pwofesi zanj lan bay Jozèf sou nesans li: "w ap rele l Jezi (Ἰησοῦς), paske l ap sove pèp li a anba peche yo".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:21}}.</ref> Chèchè yo bay enpòtans teyolojik a lefèt ke siksesè [[Moyiz]], [[Jozye]], pote menm non ak Jezi nan grèk, ebre ak arameyen orijinal yo, paske souvan yo fè yon paralèl ant de lidè yo ak etimoloji non yo pataje a ('sove'): Jozye mennen jwif yo nan [[Peyi Pwomiz la]], pandan nan Kretyen Jezi konprann kòm moun ki sove jwif ak [[Payen|payen]] anba peche yo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Matthew Poole's Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua had his name from the same word, because he was to be a temporal saviour to save the Jews, the whole body of the Jews, from the Canaanites their enemies. This Jesus was to save his people, all that should believe in his name, whether Jews or Gentiles, from their sins.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Vincent's Word Studies |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/vws/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Under Joshua the enemies of Israel were conquered, and the people established in the Promised Land. So Jesus leads his people in the fight with sin and temptation.''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua who led the Israelites into the Promised Land, and Joshua or Jeshua, who was high priest at the time of the return from the Babylonish Captivity, are types of Jesus Christ in respect both of work and name.''}}</ref> === Jezikri === {{Further|Kris (tit)}} Depi 1ye syèk la, kretyen yo souvan refere a Jezi kòm "Jezikri".{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=212}} Mo [[Kris (tit)|''Kris'']] la pa yon non bay men se te orijinèlman yon [[Twa fonksyon Kris la|tit oswa yon biwo]] ("Kris la"), ki vle di "[[Mesi|Mesi a]]".{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=30–31}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Theology of the New Testament |first=Rudolf K. |last=Bultmann |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-932792-93-5 |page=80 |publisher=Baylor University Press}}</ref> Tèm nan soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|[[wikt:Χριστός|Χριστός]]}} ({{tlit|grc|Christos}}),<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle= Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ |first=Anthony J. |last= Maas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Heil |first=John P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |title=Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-58983-482-8 |page=66 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173832/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> yon [[Kalk|kalk]] mo ebre {{lang|he|[[wikt:מָשִׁיחַ|משיח]]}} {{tlit|he|[[Mesi nan jidayis|mashiakh]]}} (Mašiᵃḥ), ki transliterasyone an angle kòm ''messiah''.{{sfn|Vine|1940|pp=274–275}} Tèm ebre a vle di "[[Onksyone|onksyone]]", soti nan vèb מָשַׁח (''mashaḥ''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 4886. מָשַׁח (mashach)|url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4886.htm|access-date=21 January 2026|website=biblehub.com|quote=Lexical summary: "to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint"}}</ref> Nan jidayis biblik la, [[Lwil onksyon sakre|lwil sakre]] te itilize pou onksyone kèk moun ak objè eksepsyonèlman sakre kòm yon pati nan envestitir relijyez yo.<ref>Gade [[Levitik]] 8:10–12 ak [[Egzòd 30]]:29.</ref> Nan [[Septant|Septant la]], yo te tradui mo ebre a an grèk kòm χριστός (''christos''), ki vle di "onksyone",<ref>{{Cite web |title=χριστός Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χριστός&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=of persons, anointed}}</ref> soti nan vèb χρίω (''chrio''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=χρίω Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χρίω&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=Autenrieth: smear with oil, anoint, LSJ: rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil}}</ref> Premye kretyen yo te nonmen Jezi "Kris la" paske yo te kwè li se Mesi a ("moun ki onksyone a") ki te [[Jezi ak pwofesi mesyanik|pwofetize]] nan [[Bib ebre a]] (Ansyen Testaman an). Nan itilizasyon apre epòk biblik la, ''Kris'' te vin wè kòm yon non—yon pati nan "Jezikri". Tèm ''[[Kretyen|kretyen]]'', ki vle di yon disip Kris, ap itilize depi 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA142 142]}} == Lavi ak ansèyman nan Nouvo Testaman an == {{Main|Lavi Jezi}} {{Further|Kote Nouvo Testaman asosye ak Jezi}} {{Gospel Jesus|state=collapsed}} === Levanjil kanonik yo === {{Main|Levanjil|Amoni levanjil yo|Fyabilite istorik levanjil yo}} [[File:Dublin, Chester Beatty Ms Papyrus 45 BP I ff.13-14 Luke 11.50-12.12; 12.18-37; 12.42-13.1; 13.jpg|alt=Yon manyiskri papirus kat paj, ki chire an plizyè kote|thumb|Yon [[Papirus|papirus]] grèk 3yèm syèk [[Levanjil Lik|Levanjil Lik la]]]] Kat [[Levanjil kanonik|levanjil kanonik]] yo ([[Levanjil Matye|Matye]], [[Levanjil Mak|Mak]], [[Levanjil Lik|Lik]] ak [[Levanjil Jan|Jan]]) se sous prensipal pou lavi ak mesaj Jezi.<ref name="Britannica" /> Lòt pati nan Nouvo Testaman an gen ladan yo tou referans a gwo epizòd nan lavi li, tankou [[Dènye Soupe a]] nan [[1 Korentyen 11]]:23–26.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|11:23–26|9}}.</ref>{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=441–442}}<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}} [[Travay Apot yo]]<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|10:37–38|9}} and {{bibleverse|Acts|19:4|9}}.</ref> fè referans a premye ministè Jezi ak fason [[Jan Batis]] te anonse l davans.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Book of the Acts|series=New International Commentary on the New Testament|first=Frederick F. |last=Bruce |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-2505-6 |page=362 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref>{{sfn|Rausch|2003|p=77}}{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} Travay 1:1–11<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|1:1–11|9}}.</ref> bay plis detay sou [[Asansyon Jezi]]<ref>also mentioned in {{bibleverse|1 Timothy|3:16}}.</ref> pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}} Nan [[Lèt pòl yo#Otantisite|lèt pòl yo ki pa diskite]], ki te ekri anvan levanjil yo, yo site plizyè fwa pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians 7:10–11, 9:14, 11:23–25|multi=yes}}, {{bibleverse|2 Corinthians|12:9}}.</ref>{{efn|Powell ekri: "[Pòl] site pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi nan kèk kote,<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Cor. 7:10–11; 9:14; 11:23–25|multi=yes}}; {{bibleverse|2 Cor.|12:9}}; cf. {{bibleverse|Acts|20:35}}</ref> men nan pifò ka li montre ti enterè pou detay lavi ak ministè Jezi sou tè a."<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Mark A. |title=Introducing the New Testament |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe |url-access=limited |date=2009 |publisher=Baker |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe/page/248 248] |isbn=978-0-8010-2868-7}}</ref>}} Gen kèk gwoup [[Premye kretyen|kretyen primitif]] ki te gen deskripsyon separe sou lavi ak ansèyman Jezi ki pa nan Nouvo Testaman an. Ladan yo gen [[Levanjil Toma]], [[Levanjil Pyè]], [[Levanjil Jida]], [[Apokrif Jak]], ak [[Apokrif Nouvo Testaman|anpil lòt ekri apokrif]]. Pifò chèchè konkli tèks sa yo te ekri pi ta epi yo mwens fyab sou plan istorik pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Brown|1997|pp=835–840}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=C. A. |title=Exploring the Origins of the Bible |date=2008 |publisher=Baker |page=154}}</ref>{{sfn|Keener|2009|p=56}} ==== Otè, dat ak fyabilite ==== Levanjil kanonik yo se kat istwa, chak youn atribiye a yon otè diferan. Jeneralman yo konsidere otè levanjil yo kòm psedonim, e tradisyon atribiye yo a [[Kat evanjelis yo|kat evanjelis yo]], chak asosye ak Jezi oswa ak disip pwòch li yo:{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} Mak a [[Jan Mak]], yon asosye [[Sen Pyè|Pyè]];<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> [[Matye apot la|Matye]] a youn nan [[Disip (Krisyanis)|disip]] Jezi yo;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} [[Lik evanjelis la|Lik]] a yon konpayon [[Pòl apot la|Pòl]] ki mansyone nan kèk lèt;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} epi Jan a yon lòt disip Jezi,{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} "[[Disip byenneme a|disip byenneme a]]".{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, St.}} Dapre [[Priyorite markyèn|priyorite markyèn nan]], premye levanjil ki te ekri a se [[Levanjil Mak]] (ane 60–75 apre Jezikri), swivi pa Levanjil Matye (65–85), Levanjil Lik (65–95), ak Levanjil Jan (75–100).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |title=Can We Trust the Gospels?: Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |publisher=Crossway |year=2007 |page=58 |isbn=978-1-4335-1978-9 |first=Mark D. |last=Roberts |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907174109/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pifò chèchè dakò otè Matye ak Lik te itilize Mak kòm sous pou levanjil yo. Kòm Matye ak Lik pataje tou kèk kontni ki pa nan Mak, anpil chèchè konkli yo te itilize yon [[Sous Q|sous Q]] ipotetik anplis Mak, pandan yon kantite k ap grandi sipòte [[Ipotèz Farrer|ipotèz Farrer]] oswa [[Ipotèz posteryorite matyèn|Posteryorite matyèn nan]], kote Matye ak Lik te itilize youn lòt dirèkteman.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Runesson|first=Anders|title=Jesus, New Testament, Christian Origins|date=2021|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=9780802868923}}</ref><ref name="TSP20222">{{Cite book |title=The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference|publisher=Peeters Pub and Booksellers|year=2023|isbn=9789042950344|pages=5|editor-first1=Olegs|editor-last1=Andrejevs|editor-first2=Simon J. |editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first3=‎Edmondo|editor-last3=Lupieri|editor-first4=Joseph|editor-last4=Verhayden}}</ref>{{sfn|Licona|2010|pp=210–221}} Lik ak Matye trete sous yo yon fason ki pi konsèvatè pase lòt istoryen ansyen tankou [[Diodò Sisil]], byenke paralèl ak varyasyon levanjil sinoptik yo se kalite ki tipik nan byografi istorik ansyen.<ref name="Kloppenborg 49–79">{{Cite journal |last=Kloppenborg|first=John|title=Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?|journal=Ephemerides Theologicae Lovaniensis|volume=83|issue=1|pages=49–79}}</ref><ref name="Licona 2016 XIII-XIV">{{Cite book |last=Licona |first=Mike |title=Why are there Differences in the Gospels? What we can Learn from Ancient Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0190264260 |pages=XIII-XIV}}</ref> Yon aspè enpòtan nan etid levanjil yo se [[Jan literè|jan literè]] kote yo klase.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Burridge|first1=R. A. |year=2006|chapter=Gospels|editor-first1=J. W. |editor-last1=Rogerson|editor-first2=Judith M. |editor-last2=Lieu|title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=433}}</ref> Si otè levanjil yo te vle ekri woman, mit, istwa oswa byografi, sa gen yon gwo enpak sou fason pou entèprete zèv yo.<ref>Talbert, C. H. (1977). ''What is a Gospel? The Genre of the Canonical Gospels''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Fortress Press.</ref><ref>Wills, L. M. (1997). ''The Quest of the Historical Gospel: Mark, John and the Origins of the Gospel Genre''. London: Routledge. p. 10.</ref><ref>Burridge, R. A. (2004). ''What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography''. revised updated edn. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.</ref> Byenke li pa san kritik,<ref>e.g. Vines, M. E. (2002). ''The Problem of the Markan Genre: The Gospel of Mark and the Jewish Novel''. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 161–162.</ref> opinyon ki di levanjil yo se yon kalite byografi ansyen reprezante konsansis chèchè jodi a.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stanton |first=Graham N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |title=Jesus and Gospel |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-00802-0 |page=192 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005236/https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogerson |first1=J. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies |last2=Lieu |first2=Judith M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-925425-5 |page=437 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225204746/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |archive-date=25 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Konsènan egzaktitid istwa yo, opinyon yo varye depi sa ki konsidere yo kòm deskripsyon [[Inerans biblik|san erè]] lavi Jezi,{{sfn|Grudem|1994|pp=90–91}} rive sa ki dwe sou fyabilite istorik yo sou divès pwen,{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}} jiska sa ki konsidere yo kòm bay trè piti enfòmasyon istorik sou lavi li apa de baz yo.{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=117–125}}{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|pp=22–23}} ==== Estrikti ak kontni konparatif ==== {{Christianity sidebar}} Matye, Mak ak Lik rele levanjil sinoptik yo, soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|σύν}} ({{tlit|grc|syn}}, 'ansanm') ak {{lang|grc|ὄψις}} ({{tlit|grc|opsis}}, 'vizyon'),<ref name="Haffner-2008" /><ref name="Scroggie-1995" /><ref>{{OED|synoptic}}</ref> paske yo sanble nan kontni, aranjman naratif, lang ak estrikti paragraf, epi yo ka mete youn akote lòt fasilman pou konparezon sinoptik.<ref name="Haffner-2008">{{cite book |title=New Testament Theology |first=Paul |last=Haffner |year=2008 |isbn=978-88-902268-0-9 |page=135 |publisher=Gracewing}}</ref><ref name="Scroggie-1995">{{cite book |title=A Guide to the Gospels |first=W. Graham |last=Scroggie |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8254-9571-7 |page=128 |publisher=[[Kregel Publications]]}}</ref><ref>{{Britannica URL |title=Synoptic Gospels |url=topic/Synoptic-Gospels}}</ref> Chèchè yo jeneralman dakò li enposib jwenn yon relasyon literè dirèk ant levanjil sinoptik yo ak Levanjil Jan an.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel of John |first1=Francis J. |last1=Moloney |first2=Daniel J. |last2=Harrington |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8146-5806-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3 3] |publisher=Liturgical Press |url=https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3}}</ref> Anpil evènman—tankou batèm Jezi, krisifiksyon l ak relasyon l ak [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li yo—parèt nan levanjil sinoptik yo, men ensidan tankou [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|transfigirasyon an]] ak [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]] Jezi{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}} pa parèt nan Jan, ki diferan tou sou lòt pwen, tankou [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|netwayaj Tanp lan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ladd |first=George E. |title=A Theology of the New Testament |year=1993 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-0680-2 |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907103156/https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil sinoptik yo mete aksan sou diferan aspè Jezi. Nan Mak, Jezi se [[Pitit Bondye (Krisyanis)|Pitit Bondye]] ki gen zèv pwisan yo montre prezans [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Yo prezante l kòm yon moun k ap fè mirak san repo ak sèvitè Bondye kou lèzòm.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Thompson|editor-first1=Frank Charles|title=The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible|publisher=Kirk Bride Bible Company & Zondervan Bible Publishers|year=1983|pages= 1563–1564}}</ref> Kout levanjil sa a anrejistre relativman kèk pawòl oswa gwo ansèyman Jezi.<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Levanjil Matye a mete aksan sou lefèt Jezi se akonplisman volonte Bondye jan yo revele l nan Ansyen Testaman an ak Senyè Legliz la.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Matthew|pages=1171–1212}}</ref> Yo prezante l kòm "[[Liyaj davidik|Pitit David]]", yon "wa", ak Mesi a.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" />{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=4–6}} Lik prezante Jezi kòm sovè diven-imen ki montre konpasyon pou moun nan nesesite.<ref name="May Metzger Luke">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Luke|pages=1240–1285}}</ref> Yo montre l kòm zanmi moun k ap fè peche ak moun yo rejte, ki te vini chèche ak sove moun ki pèdi yo.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Levanjil sa a gen ladan l parabòl byen konnen, tankou [[Bon Samariten an]] ak [[Pitit pèdi a|Pitit Pèdi a]].<ref name="May Metzger Luke" /> [[Pwològ Levanjil Jan an]] idantifye Jezi kòm yon enkanasyon Pawòl divin lan ([[Logos (Krisyanis)|Logos]]).<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=John|pages=1286–1318}}</ref> Kòm Pawòl la, yo dekri Jezi kòm etènèlman prezan avèk Bondye, aktif nan tout kreyasyon an, ak sous nati moral ak espirityèl limanite.<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn" /> Nan levanjil sa a, yo prezante Jezi kòm pa sèlman pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt imen nan tan pase, men pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt ki ka egziste: li pa sèlman pale Pawòl Bondye; li se Pawòl Bondye.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi revele wòl divin li piblikman epi yo dekri l kòm [[Pen lavi a]], [[Limyè mond lan]], [[Vrè Pye Rezen an]], ak plis ankò.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Otè Nouvo Testaman an jeneralman te montre ti enterè pou etabli yon [[Kwonoloji Jezi|kwonoloji]] absoli lavi Jezi oswa pou senkwonize epizòd lavi li ak istwa laïk epòk la.{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}} Jan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#21:25|Jan 21:25]] di l, levanjil yo pa pretann bay yon lis konplè evènman nan lavi Jezi.<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Collins |first=Gerald |title=Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-955787-5 |pages=1–3}}</ref> Yo te ekri istwa yo sitou kòm dokiman teyolojik nan kontèks [[Krisyanis primitif|kretyen primitif]], ak kwonoloji kòm yon konsiderasyon segondè.<ref name="Wiarda75">{{cite book |title=Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology |first=Timothy |last=Wiarda |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8054-4843-6 |pages=75–78 |publisher=B&H}}</ref> Levanjil yo konsakre apeprè yon tyè nan tèks yo a dènye semèn lavi Jezi nan [[Jerizalèm]], ke yo rele [[Pasyon (Krisyanis)|Pasyon an]].<ref name="Turner613">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=David L. |last=Turner |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8010-2684-3 |page=613 |publisher=Baker}}</ref> Yo pa bay ase detay pou satisfè egzijans istoryen modèn yo konsènan dat egzak, men li posib pou tire yon imaj jeneral istwa lavi Jezi nan yo.{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}}{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}}<ref name="Wiarda75" /> === Jenealoji ak nesans === {{Main|Jenealoji Jezi|Nativite Jezi}} Jezi te jwif,{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} li te fèt nan [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], madanm [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]].<ref>[[Matye 1]]; [[Lik 2]].</ref> Levanjil Matye ak Lik ofri de istwa diferan sou [[Jenealoji|jenealoji]] li. Matye trase zansèt Jezi jiska [[Abraram]] pa [[David]],<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:1–16}}.</ref>{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=80–91}} pandan Lik trase zansèt Jezi pa [[Adan]] jiska Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–38}}.</ref>{{sfn|Brown|1978|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC&pg=PA163 163]}} Lis yo idantik ant Abraram ak David men yo diferan anpil apati pwen sa a; Matye gen 27 jenerasyon ant David ak Jozèf, pandan Lik gen 42, ak prèske pa gen okenn non ki parèt nan de lis yo.{{efn|Konpare {{bibleverse|Matthew|1:6–16|NIV}} ak {{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–31|NIV}}. Gade tou {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Konparezon de jenealoji yo}}.}}<ref>{{cite book |last=France |first=R. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |title=The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8028-0063-3 |page=72 |author-link=R. T. France |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229004519/https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live}} "From David the two lists diverge, as Matthew follows the line of succession to the throne of Judah from Solomon, whereas Luke's list goes through Nathan, ... and converges with Matthew's only for the two names of Shealtiel and Zerubabbel until Joseph is reached."</ref> Yo pwopoze divès teyori pou eksplike poukisa de jenealoji yo tèlman diferan.{{efn|Pou yon apèsi sou teyori sa yo, gade {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Eksplikasyon pou divèjans lan}}.}} [[File:Gerard van Honthorst - Adoration of the Shepherds (1622).jpg|thumb|left|''Adorasyon bèje yo'' pa [[Gerard van Honthorst]], 1622|alt=Yon sèn nesans; gason ak bèt antoure Mari ak Jezi k ap fèk fèt, ki kouvri ak limyè]] Tou de Matye ak Lik dekri nesans Jezi, sitou ke li te fèt nan yon vyèj ki rele Mari nan [[Betleyèm]] pou akonpli [[Pwofesi|pwofesi]]. Istwa Lik la mete aksan sou evènman anvan [[Nesans Jezi|nesans Jezi]] epi li santre sou Mari, pandan istwa Matye a kouvri pi plis evènman apre nesans lan epi li santre sou Jozèf.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=556}}<ref name="marsh37">{{cite book |title=Jesus and the Gospels |last=Marsh |first=Clive |author-last2=Moyise|author-first2= Steve |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-567-04073-2 |page=37 |publisher=Clark International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907095218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Morris|1992|page=26}} Tou de istwa deklare Mari te fiyanse ak yon nonm ki rele Jozèf, ki te desandan Wa David epi ki pat papa byolojik Jezi, epi tou de sipòte doktrin [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|nesans vyèj Jezi a]], dapre sa Jezi te konsevwa nan yon fason mirakilè pa [[Sentespri]] nan vant Mari lè li te toujou vyèj.<ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=David L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |title=A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-85244-224-1 |pages=538–540 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=30–37}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-26036-7 |pages=96–100 |publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> An menm tan, gen prèv, omwen nan ''Travay Apot yo'' Lik la, ke yo te panse Jezi te gen, tankou anpil figi nan ansyènte, yon doub patènite, paske la yo di li desandan nan semans oswa nan rèl David.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lincoln |first=Andrew T. |date=2013 |title=Luke and Jesus' Conception: A Case of Double Paternity? |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=639–658 |jstor=23487891 |issn=0021-9231}}</ref> Lè Jozèf [[Adopsyon nan jidayis|pran Jezi kòm pwòp pitit li]], yo konprann li ba li desandans davidik ki nesesè a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |last1=Lincoln|first1=Andrew T. |title=Conceiving Jesus: re-examining Jesus' conception in canon, Christology, and creed|publisher=The Severn Forum|date=5 March 2015|page= 4 |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=10 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510100248/http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk chèchè ki sigjere Jezi te gen eritaj [[Levit|levit]] nan bò Mari, dapre relasyon san li ak [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]].<ref>For example, {{citation |title=Carmen 18}}</ref> [[File:Bellini-circumcision-NG1455-fm.jpg|thumb|alt=74.9 × 102.2&nbsp;cm|''Sikonsizyon'' pa [[Giovanni Bellini]], {{circa|1500|lk=no}}. Tablo a dekri [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsizyon Jezi]].]] Nan Matye, Jozèf boulvèse paske Mari, fiyanse li, [[Gwosès|ansent]],<ref>[[Matye 1:19]]–[[Matye 1:20|20]].</ref> men nan premye [[Rèv Sen Jozèf|kat rèv Jozèf]], yon zanj asire l pou l pa pè pran Mari kòm madanm li paske pitit li a te konsevwa pa Sentespri.<ref name="Talbert">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=Charles H. |last=Talbert |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8010-3192-2 |publisher=Baker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |pages=29–30 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan [[Matye 2:1]]–[[Matye 2:12|12]], [[Mag biblik yo|saj]] oswa [[Mag]] ki soti nan [[Oryan]] pote kado bay jenn Jezi kòm [[Jezi, Wa jwif yo|Wa jwif yo]]. Yo jwenn li nan yon kay Betleyèm. [[Ewòd Gran]] tande pale de nesans Jezi epi, tankou li te vle touye l, [[Masak inosan yo|bay lòd pou touye tout ti gason]] nan Betleyèm ak anviwon li. Men, yon zanj avèti Jozèf nan dezyèm rèv li, epi fanmi an [[Sove ale an Ejip|sove ale an Ejip]], answit li retounen epi li etabli nan Nazarèt.<ref name="Talbert" />{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Schnackenburg |first=Rudolf |title=The Gospel of Matthew |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8028-4438-5 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |pages=9–11 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052207/https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Lik 1:31–38, Mari aprann nan men zanj [[Gabriyèl]] ke l ap konsevwa epi bay nesans a yon pitit ki rele Jezi atravè aksyon Sentespri.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> Lè Mari prèt pou akouche, li menm ak Jozèf vwayaje soti nan Nazarèt pou ale nan vil zansèt Jozèf, Betleyèm, pou anrejistre nan resansman [[Sezar Ogis]] te bay lòd fè a. Pandan yo la, Mari bay Jezi nesans, epi kòm yo pa jwenn plas nan oberj la, li mete ti bebe a nan yon [[Manje bèt|manje bèt]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:1–7}}.</ref> Yon [[Anons bay bèje yo|zanj anonse nesans lan bay yon gwoup bèje]], ki ale Betleyèm pou wè Jezi epi answit gaye nouvèl la toupatou.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:8–20}}.</ref> Lik 2:21 rakonte kijan Jozèf ak Mari [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsi ti bebe a nan wityèm jou apre nesans]] epi bay li non Jezi, jan Gabriyèl te kòmande Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:21}}.</ref> Apre [[Prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan|prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan]], Jozèf, Mari ak Jezi retounen Nazarèt.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> === Premye ane, fanmi ak pwofesyon === [[File:William Holman Hunt - The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''[[Jwenn Sovè a nan Tanp lan]]'' pa [[William Holman Hunt]], 1860|alt=Mari ak Jozèf jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan]] Levanjil Lik ak Matye idantifye Nazarèt, yon vil nan [[Galile]] ki nan [[Izrayèl]] jodi a, kòm kay anfans Jezi, kote li te viv ak fanmi li. Byenke Jozèf parèt nan deskripsyon anfans Jezi, pa gen okenn mansyon sou li apre sa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Perrotta |first=Louise B. |title=Saint Joseph: His Life and His Role in the Church Today |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87973-573-9 |pages=21, 110–112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Reverend Archdeacon Kinane |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138 |title=Saint Joseph: His Life, His Virtues, His Privileges, His Power |page=138 |chapter=Section VI – The perpetual virginity of St. Joseph |publisher=Aeterna Press|access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230526/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Lòt manm fanmi li yo, gen ladan yo manman l Mari; [[Frè Jezi yo|kat frè li yo]], [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jezi|Jozès (oswa Jozèf)]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]; ak sè li yo ki pa gen non, mansyone nan Levanjil yo ak lòt sous.<ref>{{cite book |title=Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth |last=Aslan |first=Reza |author-link=Reza Aslan |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |page=[https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756 36] |isbn=978-1-4000-6922-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756}}</ref> Yo rele grann ak granpapa Jezi nan bò manman l [[Jowakim]] ak [[Sen Ann|Ann]] nan [[Levanjil Jak|Levanjil Jak la]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim |page=194 |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-134-50949-2 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230540/https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim#v=snippet&q=joachim&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Lik la anrejistre ke Mari te fanmi [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]], manman Jan Batis.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Luke|1:5, 36|KJV}}.</ref> Gen kèk sous ekstrabiblik kontanporen ki konsidere Jezi ak Jan Batis kòm kouzen jèmen, sou baz kwayans Elizabèt te pitit fi [[Sobe (sè Sen Ann)|Sobe]], sè Ann.<ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 97.1325.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 120.189.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 145.760 ([[Nicephorus Callistus|Nicéphore Callistus]], ''Historia ecclesiastica'', 2.3).</ref> Levanjil Mak rapòte ke nan kòmansman [[Ministè Jezi|ministè li]], Jezi antre an konfli ak vwazen ak fanmi li.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Manman l ak frè l yo vin chèche l<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:31–35}}.</ref> paske moun ap di [[Sante mantal Jezi|li pèdi tèt li]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:21}}.</ref> Jezi reponn ke disip li yo se vre fanmi li. Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi ak manman l ale nan yon [[Nòs Kana|nòs Kana]], kote li fè premye mirak li sou demann li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:1–11}}.</ref> Pita, li prezan nan krisifiksyon li, epi li eksprime enkyetid pou byennèt li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|19:25–27}}.</ref> Yo rele Jezi yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} ({{tlit|grc|[[tektōn]]}}) nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#6:3|Mak 6:3]], yon tèm ke yo tradisyonèlman konprann kòm "bòs bòs" men ki ka refere tou a moun ki fabrike objè nan divès materyo, ladan yo konstriktè.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry G. |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |title=An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon: The Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek–English Lexicon |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1889 |page=797}}</ref>{{sfn|Dickson|2008|pp=68–69}} Kòm tèm nan gen yon gwo laj siyifikasyon ak "reyalite sosyo-istorik yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} nazarèn komen", Matthew K. Robinson, yon minis ak akademisyen, prefere tradui {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} kòm 'konstriktè-atizan'.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Matthew K. |title="Is This Not the Τέκτων?": Revisiting Jesus's Vocation in Mark 6:3 |journal=Neotestamentica |date=2021 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=431–445 |doi=10.1353/neo.2021.0038}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Robinson |url=https://www.theology.ox.ac.uk/people/matthew-robinson |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> Levanjil yo endike Jezi te kapab li, parafraze ak diskite Ekriti yo, men sa pa nesesèman vle di li te resevwa yon fòmasyon fòmèl kòm eskrib.<ref>{{Atik ansiklopedik|year=2001 |title=Context, family and formation |encyclopedia=Cambridge companion to Jesus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |access-date=14 August 2015 |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |editor-last=Bockmuehl |editor-first=Markus N. A. |pages=14, 21 |isbn=978-0-521-79678-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907175830/https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live|doi=10.1017/CCOL0521792614.002}}</ref> Levanjil Lik rapòte de vwayaj Jezi ak paran li nan Jerizalèm pandan anfans li. Yo vin nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] pou [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezantasyon Jezi]] kòm ti bebe an akò ak lalwa jwif la, kote yon nonm ki rele [[Simeyon (Levanjil Lik)|Simeyon]] fè yon pwofesi sou Jezi ak Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:22–35}}.</ref> Lè Jezi, a laj douz an, pèdi nan yon pèlerinaj Jerizalèm pou [[Pak jwif|Pak jwif la]], paran li jwenn li nan [[Jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan|Tanp lan]] chita nan mitan metèd yo, k ap koute yo epi poze kesyon, epi moun yo sezi pou entèlijans li ak repons li yo. Mari repwoche Jezi paske li te pèdi, epi Jezi reponn li dwe "nan kay Papa l".<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:41–52}}.</ref> === Batèm ak tantasyon === {{Main|Batèm Jezi|Tantasyon Kris}} [[File:El bautismo de Jesús, por José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Batèm Jezi|Batèm Kris]] pa [[Jan Batis]]'', pa [[Almeida Júnior]], 1895|alt=Jan batize Jezi. Sentespri a, an fòm yon toutrèl, anwo l.]] [[Levanjil sinoptik yo]] dekri [[Batèm Jezi|batèm Jezi]] nan [[Rivyè Jouden|Rivyè Jouden an]] ak [[Tantasyon Kris|tantasyon li te fè fas]] pandan karant jou li te pase nan [[Dezè Jide a]] kòm preparasyon pou ministè piblik li.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sheen |first=Fulton J. |title=Life of Christ |year=2008 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-385-52699-9 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165309/https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan chak istwa sa yo, istwa batèm Jezi a vini apre enfòmasyon sou Jan Batis.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=141–143}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}} Yo montre Jan k ap preche repantans pou padon peche, ankouraje moun bay [[Lamòn|lamòn]] bay malere,<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke||3:11}}.</ref> batize moun nan rejyon Rivyè Jouden an anviwon [[Pere]], epi anonse vini yon moun "ki pi pwisan" pase l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:16}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Eerdmans commentary on the Bible |first1=James D. G. |last1=Dunn |first2=John W. |last2=Rogerson |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0 |page=1010 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> [[File:Ary Scheffer - The Temptation of Christ (1854).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Jezi ak Dyab la dekri nan ''[[Tantasyon Kris|Tantasyon Kris la]]'', pa [[Ary Scheffer]], 1854]] Nan Levanjil Mak, Jan Batis batize Jezi, epi lè Jezi soti nan dlo a, li wè [[Sentespri]] ap desann sou li tankou yon toutrèl, epi yon vwa soti nan syèl la pou deklare l Pitit Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:9–11}}.</ref> Se youn nan de evènman Levanjil yo dekri kote yon vwa ki soti nan Syèl la refere a Jezi kòm "Pitit", lòt la se [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|Transfigirasyon an]].{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs">{{cite book |last1=Harding|first1=Mark|title=The Content and the Setting of the Gospel Tradition|last2=Nobbs|first2=Alanna|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8028-3318-1|pages=281–282}}</ref> Answit Lespri a pouse l ale nan dezè a, kote [[Satan]] tante l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:12–13}}.</ref> Apre arestasyon Jan, Jezi kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:14}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Matye, lè Jezi vin kote Jan pou l batize, Jan pwoteste, li di, "Se mwen ki bezwen batize pa ou."<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:14}}.</ref> Jezi di l pou l kontinye ak batèm lan "pou nou akonpli tout jistis".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:15}}.</ref> Answit Matye rakonte twa tantasyon espesifik Satan ofri Jezi nan dezè a.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|4:3–11}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Lik, Sentespri a desann an fòm kò, tankou yon toutrèl, apre tout pèp la fin batize epi pandan Jezi ap [[Prayers of Jesus|priye]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:21–22}}.</ref> Pita, Jan rekonèt Jezi implicitman lè li voye disip li yo poze kesyon sou li.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|7:18–23}}.</ref> Lik dekri tou twa tantasyon Jezi te fè eksperyans nan dezè a anvan li kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|4:1–14}}.</ref> Levanjil Jan an pa rakonte batèm ak tantasyon Jezi.{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Jesus Christ}} Pito, Jan Batis temwaye ke li wè Lespri a desann epi rete sou Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:32}}.</ref>{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&pg=PA292 292]}} Jan pwoklame Jezi piblikman kòm [[Ti Mouton Bondye a]], epi kèk nan disip Jan yo vin disip Jezi.{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=17–62}} Anvan yo mete Jan nan prizon, Jezi mennen disip li yo batize,<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:22–24}}.</ref> epi yo batize plis moun pase Jan.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|4:1}}.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Ministry"></span> Ministè piblik === <!-- Anchor names for incoming section link(s) from other page(s) --> {{Main|Ministè Jezi}} [[File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg|thumb|''Diskou sou mòn lan'', pa [[Carl Bloch]], 1877, dekri [[Diskou sou mòn lan|diskou enpòtan Jezi a]].|alt=Jezi chita sou yon mòn, k ap preche yon foul moun]] Levanjil sinoptik yo dekri de gwo kad jewografik nan ministè Jezi. Premye a se Galile, nan nò [[Jide]], kote Jezi fè yon ministè ki gen gwo siksè; dezyèm lan se Jerizalèm, kote yo rejte l epi touye l.<ref name="ISBEO">{{cite web |year=1939 |editor-last=Orr |editor-first=James |title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online |url=http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817024703/http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> Souvan yo rele l "[[Rabi|rabi]]",<ref name="ISBEO" /> Jezi bay mesaj li oralman.<ref name="Dunn2013">{{cite book |last=Dunn |first=James D. G. |title=The Oral Gospel Tradition |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=2013 |pages=290–291}}</ref> Nan istwa sa yo, li entèdi moun ki rekonèt li kòm mesi a—ladan yo moun li geri ak move lespri li ekzòsize yo—pale sou sa (gade [[Sekrè mesyanik|Sekrè mesyanik la]]).{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}} Kontrèman, Levanjil Jan an prezante ministè Jezi kòm ki te fèt sitou nan ak alantou Jerizalèm olye de nan Galile, epi nati divin li pwoklame ak rekonèt pi ouvètman.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Chèchè yo souvan divize ministè Jezi an plizyè etap. Ministè nan Galile a kòmanse lè Jezi retounen Galile apati [[Dezè Jide a]] apre li fin reziste tantasyon [[Satan]]. Answit li preche toupatou nan Galile, epi nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–20]], [[Premye disip Jezi yo|premye disip li yo]]—ki pita pral fòme nwayo Legliz la—rankontre l epi kòmanse swiv li.{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}} Peryòd sa a gen ladan l [[Diskou sou mòn lan]], youn nan gwo diskou Jezi yo,{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermon on the mount: a theological investigation |first=Carl G. |last=Vaught |year=2001 |publisher=Baylor University Press |isbn=978-0-918954-76-3 |pages=xi–xiv}}</ref> ansanm ak [[Kalme tanpèt la|kalmman tanpèt la]], [[Miltiplikasyon pen yo pou 5 000 moun|manje 5 000 moun yo]], [[Jezi mache sou dlo|mache sou dlo]], ak plizyè lòt mirak ak [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]].{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=143–160}} Li fini ak [[Konfesyon Pyè|Konfesyon Pyè a]] ak Transfigirasyon an.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Transfiguration, The |encyclopedia=The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Thought: Son of Man-Tremellius V11 |isbn=978-1-4286-3189-2 |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls |year=1909 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |page=493 |last=Nash |first=Henry S. |editor-first=Samuel M. |editor-last=Jackson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052036/https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Barton132">{{cite book |last=Barton |first=Stephen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994 |title=The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels |date=23 November 2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80766-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994/page/n138 132]–133 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pandan Jezi ap vwayaje pou Jerizalèm, nan sa yo souvan rele ministè Pere a, li retounen nan rejyon kote yo te batize l la, apeprè yon tyè wout pou desann soti nan [[Lak Galile|Lak Galile a]] sou Rivyè Jouden an.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#10:40|Jan 10:40–42]].</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=137}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=211–229}} [[Ministè Jezi#Final ministry in Jerusalem|Dènye faz ministè li a]], nan Jerizalèm, kòmanse ak [[Antre triyonfal nan Jerizalèm|antre triyonfal li]] nan vil la nan [[Dimanch Ram]].{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} Nan Levanjil sinoptik yo, pandan semèn sa a Jezi [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|chase machann lajan yo]] nan [[Dezyèm Tanp lan]], epi [[Maché Jida a|Jida fè yon maché pou trayi]] li. Peryòd sa a kilmine nan [[Dènye Soupe a]] epi, nan istwa Jan an, nan [[Diskou orevwa a]].{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=257–274}} ==== Disip ak swivan ==== {{Main|Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|Voye douz apot yo}} [[File:Brooklyn Museum - The Exhortation to the Apostles (Recommandation aux apôtres) - James Tissot.jpg|thumb|''Egzòtasyon bay apot yo'', pa [[James Tissot]], dekri Jezi k ap pale ak douz disip li yo.]] Nan kòmansman ministè li, Jezi [[Voye douz apot yo|chwazi douz apot]]. Nan Matye ak Mak, Jezi rele kat premye apot li yo, ki se pechè, epi yo dekri yo kite filè yo imedyatman pou swiv li.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–22]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#1:16|Mak 1:16–20]].</ref> Nan Jan, de premye apot Jezi yo te disip Jan Batis okòmansman; Batis la wè Jezi epi rele l Ti Mouton Bondye a, epi de moun yo, ki tande sa, kòmanse swiv Jezi.{{sfn|Brown|1988|pp=25–27}}{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=292–293}} Anplis douz apot yo, entwodiksyon [[Diskou sou plenn nan]] nan Lik idantifye yon gwoup moun ki pi gran kòm disip.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#6:17|Lik 6:17]].</ref> Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#10:1|Lik 10:1–16]], Jezi voye [[Swasanndis disip yo|70 oswa 72 swivan li yo]] de pa de pou prepare vil yo pou vizit li yo pral fè: yo enstwi yo pou yo aksepte òspitalite, geri malad yo, epi pwoklame [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=The Gospel According to Luke |encyclopedia=New Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament |publisher=Liturgical Press |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |page=255 |first=Michael F. |last=Patella |editor-first=Daniel |editor-last=Durken |isbn=978-0-8146-3260-4 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910044704/https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== <span class="anchor" id="Teachings and preachings"></span> Ansèyman ak mirak ==== [[File:Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg|thumb|''[[Jezi ak jenn gason rich la]]'' pa [[Heinrich Hofmann (painter)|Heinrich Hofmann]], 1889]] Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi anseye anpil—souvan nan [[Parabòl|parabòl]]{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=316–346}}—sou Wayòm Bondye a. Jezi pale tou de "[[Pitit Lonm nan]]", yon figi [[Apokalips|apokaliptik]] ki pral vin rasanble moun yo chwazi yo.<ref name="Britannica" /> Jezi mande moun repanti de peche yo epi devwe tèt yo antyèman a Bondye.<ref name="Britannica">{{Britannica |id=303091 |title=Jesus Christ |first1=E.&nbsp;P. |last1=Sanders |first2=Jaroslav J. |last2=Pelikan}}</ref> Li enstwi disip li yo pou yo respekte [[Lalwa jwif la|lalwa jwif la]], byenke gen kèk nan moun ki te viv ansanm avè l ki wè l kòm moun ki vyole lalwa a li menm, pa egzanp nan [[Saba|obsèvans saba a]].<ref name="Britannica" /> Lè yo mande l ki [[Gran kòmandman an|pi gran kòmandman an]], Jezi reponn: "Se pou ou renmen Senyè Bondye ou ak tout kè ou, ak tout nanm ou, ak tout lespri ou ... Epi yon dezyèm ki sanble ak li: 'Se pou ou renmen pwochen ou tankou tèt ou.{{'"}}<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#22:37|Matye 22:37–39]].</ref> Lòt ansèyman etik ki atribiye a Jezi gen ladan yo [[Matye 5:44|renmen lènmi ou yo]], abstni nan [[Rayisman|rayisman]] ak [[Konvwatiz|konvwatiz]], [[Prezante lòt jou a|prezante lòt jou a]], ak [[Padon|padone]] moun ki fè nou peche.<ref>[[Diskou sou mòn lan|Matye 5–7]].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stassen |first1=Glen H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |title=Kingdom Ethics: Following Jesus in Contemporary Context |last2=Gushee |first2=David P. |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8308-2668-1 |pages=102–103, 138–140, 197–198, 295–298 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226062140/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Jan an prezante ansèyman Jezi pa sèlman kòm pwòp predikasyon li men kòm [[Revelasyon|revelasyon]] divin. Pa egzanp, Jan Batis di nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#3:34|Jan 3:34]]: "Moun Bondye voye a pale pawòl Bondye, paske li bay Lespri a san mezi." Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#7:16|Jan 7:16]], Jezi di, "Ansèyman mwen an pa pou mwen men pou moun ki voye m lan." Li repete sa nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#14:10|Jan 14:10]]: "Eske nou pa kwè mwen nan Papa a epi Papa a nan mwen? Pawòl mwen di nou yo, mwen pa di yo pou kont mwen; men se Papa a ki rete nan mwen an ki fè zèv li yo."<ref name="Osborn-1993" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Köstenberger |first=Andreas J. |title=The missions of Jesus and the disciples according to the Fourth Gospel |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8028-4255-8 |pages=108–109}}</ref> [[File:Pompeo Batoni 003.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|''[[Pitit pèdi a|Retou Pitit pèdi a]]'' pa [[Pompeo Batoni]], 1773]] Apeprè 30 parabòl reprezante anviron yon tyè nan ansèyman Jezi anrejistre yo.<ref name="Osborn-1993">{{cite book |first=Eric F. |last=Osborn |year=1993 |title=The emergence of Christian theology |url=https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo |url-access=limited |isbn=978-0-521-43078-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo/page/n115 98] |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1998 |title=The parables of Jesus: lessons in life from the Master Teacher |isbn=978-0-8254-9715-5 |page=10 |publisher=Kregel}}</ref> Parabòl yo parèt toude andedan sèmon ki pi long ak nan lòt kote nan naratif la.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermons of Jesus the Messiah |first=E. Keith |last=Howick |year=2003 |publisher=WindRiver |isbn=978-1-886249-02-8 |pages=7–9}}</ref> Yo souvan gen senbolis ladan yo epi tipikman yo konekte aspè mond fizik la ak reyalite [[Espirityalite|espirityèl]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Friedrich G. |last=Lisco |year=1850 |title=The Parables of Jesus |publisher=Daniels and Smith Publishers |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ/page/n12 9]–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Ashton |last=Oxenden |year=1864 |title=The parables of our Lord? |publisher=William Macintosh Publishers |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ/page/n15 6] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Tèm komen yo gen ladan yo bonte ak jenerozite Bondye, ansanm ak danje ak konsekans transgresyon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |title=Interpreting the Parables |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2012 |page=448 |isbn=978-0-8308-3967-4 |first=Craig L. |last=Blomberg |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910175429/https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk parabòl, tankou sa [[Pitit pèdi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#15:11|Lik 15:11–32]].</ref> ki relativman senp, pandan gen lòt, tankou [[Parabòl grenn k ap grandi a|Grenn k ap grandi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#4:26|Mak 4:26–29]].</ref> ki pi konplèks, pwofon epi difisil pou entèprete.<ref>{{cite web |first=Madeleine I. |last=Boucher |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |title=The Parables |website=Frontline|publisher=PBS |access-date=3 June 2013 |archive-date=10 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810144100/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Lè disip li yo mande l poukisa li pale ak pèp la an parabòl, Jezi reponn disip li chwazi yo te resevwa dwa "konnen sekrè Wayòm syèl la", kontrèman ak rès yo, epi li ajoute: "Paske moun ki genyen, y ap bay li plis epi li pral gen anpil. Men moun ki pa genyen, y ap retire menm sa li genyen an", epi li kontinye di ke pifò nan jenerasyon yo a gen "kè di" epi pou sa yo pa kapab konprann.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#13:10|Matye 13:10–17]].</ref> [[File:Christ cleans leper man.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Jezi geri yon lèp|Jezi ap geri yon lèp]], [[Mozayik|mozayik]] medyeval nan [[Katedral Monreale]], fen 12yèm syèk jiska mitan 13yèm syèk|alt=Jezi, ak yon oreyòl alantou tèt li, poze men l sou yon lèp, konsa li geri l]] Nan istwa levanjil yo, Jezi konsakre yon bon pati nan ministè li pou fè [[Mirak|mirak]], sitou gerizon.{{sfn|Green|McKnight |Marshall|1992|p=299}} Souvan yo klase mirak sa yo an de gwo kategori: mirak gerizon ak mirak sou nati.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=350}}{{sfn|Levine|2006|p=4}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Charlesworth |first1=James H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |title=The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide |date=2008 |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6 |page=113 |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221947/https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak gerizon yo gen ladan yo gerizon maladi fizik, [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]],{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}}{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|p=298}} ak [[Mirak Jezi#Resurrection of the dead|rezirèksyon mò yo]].{{sfn|Green|McKnight|Marshall|1992|p=300}}<ref name="Oxford Companion" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Tabor |first=James |date=22 March 2013 |title=What the Bible Says About Death, Afterlife, and the Future |url=https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823115040/https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |archive-date=23 August 2016 |access-date=13 June 2015 |publisher=UNCC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hoekema |first=Anthony A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |title=The Bible and the Future |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-85364-624-2 |pages=88–89 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak sou nati yo montre otorite sou mond natirèl la epi yo gen ladan yo [[Chanje dlo an diven|chanje dlo an diven]], mache sou dlo, ak kalme yon tanpèt, pami lòt. Jezi atribiye mirak li yo a yon sous divin. Lè opozan l yo akize l chase move lespri ak pouvwa [[Belzebi]], prens move lespri yo, li reponn li fè sa pa "Lespri Bondye" ([[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#12:28|Matye 12:28]]) oswa "dwèt Bondye", e li di li ta ilojik pou Satan mine pwòp domèn li; li mande tou, si li ekzòsize pa Belzebi, "pa ki moun pitit nou yo chase yo?"<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#11:20|Lik 11:20]].</ref><ref name="Britannica" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |title=Zondervan King James Version Commentary: New Testament |last2=Mitchell |first2=Daniel R. |publisher=Zondervan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-310-25150-7 |page=100 |first1=Edward E. |last1=Hindson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910171333/https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Matye 12:31–32, li di anplis ke byenke tout kalite peche, ladan yo "ensilt kont Bondye" oswa "ensilt kont Pitit Lonm nan", ka padone, blasfèm kont "[[Sentespri]] la" p ap janm padone, epi moun ki koupab yo pote peche yo pou tout tan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 12:31-32 - New International Version|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2012%3A31-32&version=NIV|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=30 January 2026}}</ref> Nan Jan, yo dekri mirak Jezi yo kòm "siy", ke li fè pou montre misyon ak idantite li.<ref name="Sign" />{{sfn|Ehrman|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0/page/84 84]}} Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, lè kèk metèd lalwa ak farizyen mande l yon siy mirakilè pou valide otorite li, Jezi refize,<ref name="Sign">{{cite book |title=Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology |year=2001 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-3717-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 198] |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 |first1=Paul J. |last1=Achtemeier |first2=Joel B. |last2=Green |first3=Marianne M. |last3=Thompson}}</ref> li di pa pral gen okenn siy pou yon jenerasyon koripte ak mechan eksepte siy pwofèt [[Jonas]] la. Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, foul moun yo anjeneral reponn ak mirak li yo ak sezisman epi yo prese sou li pou l geri malad yo, pandan nan Jan, yo dekri Jezi kòm mwens bride pa foul yo, ki souvan reponn siy li yo ak lafwa ak konfyans.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=236}} Yon karakteristik komen nan tout naratif mirak yo se ke Jezi fè yo gratis epi li pa mande ni aksepte peman.<ref>{{cite book |last=van der Loos |first=Hendrik |title=The Miracles Of Jesus |year=1965 |publisher=Brill |page=197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165838/https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |url-status=live}}</ref> Istwa mirak yo souvan melanje ak ansèyman, epi mirak yo menm souvan gen yon dimansyon [[Metòd didaktik|didaktik]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The words and works of Jesus Christ |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-310-30940-6 |page=212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |publisher=Zondervan |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910063513/https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Twelftree|1999 |p=95}} Anpil ladan yo mete aksan sou enpòtans lafwa: nan [[Geri dis lèp yo|geri dis lèp yo]] ak [[Leve pitit fi Jayis la|leve pitit fi Jayis la]], pa egzanp, yo di moun ki benefisye yo ke gerizon yo soti nan lafwa yo.{{sfn|Donahue|Harrington |2002|p=182}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Lockyer |first=Herbert |year=1988 |title=All the Miracles of the Bible |isbn=978-0-310-28101-6 |page=235 |publisher=Zondervan}}</ref> Nan ''A Marginal Jew'', chèchè [[John P. Meier]] defann ke "tradisyon mirak sou ministè piblik Jezi yo deja tèlman byen ateste nan divès sous" ke nenpòt "fabrikasyon total pa premye Legliz la, pale an pratik, enposib". Li baze sa sou sous literè tankou Levanjil Matye, Lik ak Jan, ansanm ak ekri istoryen Jozèf (Josephus). Meier sipoze ke "kritè atestasyon miltip sous ak fòm" sipòte konklizyon ke Jezi te fè "zèv eksepsyonèl" ke kontanporen li yo te konsidere kòm mirak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=John Meier |url=http://archive.org/details/Marginal-Jew_vol-2_Meier_1994 |title=A Marginal Jew/Маргинальный еврей |date=November 1994}}</ref> Chèchè [[Paul J. Achtemeier]] sipoze ke mirak sa yo pat inik a Jezi nan mond ansyen an epi yo te konsidere yo kòm ambigi menm pa temwen ki te wè yo. Li note ke Jezi gen chans te fè zèv yo te konprann kòm ekzòsis, ki te "aksepte kòm reyalite pa kontanporen li yo", men yo pa ta dwe konsidere yo kòm gen "valè prèv konsènan Jezi", paske temwen yo te kapab reklame li t ap travay swa ak Satan swa ak Bondye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Achtemeier |first=Paul J. |date=1975 |title=Miracles and the Historical Jesus: A Study of Mark 9:14-29 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43714056 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=471–491 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> Chèchè [[Gregory Sterling]] obsève ke, nan ka sipoze ekzòsis Jezi yo, "Pou Galileyen premye syèk la ki te kwè nan prezans pèsonèl mal an fòm move lespri, zèv Jezi a te yon validasyon ministè li."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sterling |first=Gregory E. |date=1993 |title=Jesus as Exorcist: An Analysis of Matthew 17:14-20; Mark 9:14-29; Luke 9:37-43a |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43721315 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=467–493 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> ==== Pwoklamasyon, Transfigirasyon ak Semèn Pasyon an ==== [[File:Transfigurationbloch.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Transfigirasyon Jezi]], dekri pa [[Carl Bloch]], 19yèm syèk]] Anviwon nan mitan chak nan twa Levanjil sinoptik yo, yo rakonte de gwo evènman: Konfesyon [[Sen Pyè|Pyè]] a ak Transfigirasyon Jezi a—ki pa mansyone nan Levanjil Jan an.<ref name="Barton132" /><ref>{{cite book |title=The Christology of Mark's Gospel |url=https://archive.org/details/christologyofmar0000king |url-access=limited |first=Jack D. |last=Kingsbury |year=1983 |isbn=978-1-4514-1007-5 |publisher=Fortress Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/christologyofmar0000king/page/91 91]–95}}</ref>{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs" />{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, Gospel of}} Nan Konfesyon Pyè a, Pyè deklare bay Jezi, "Ou se Mesi a, Pitit Bondye vivan an";<ref>{{cite book |last=Karris|first=Robert J.|title=The Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament|publisher=Liturgical Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-8146-2211-7|pages=885–886}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology|first1=Jack D.|last1=Kingsbury|first2=Mark A.|last2=Powell|first3=David R.|last3=Bauer|year=1999|isbn=978-0-664-25752-1|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|page=xvi}}</ref>{{sfn|Donahue|Harrington|2002|p=336}} Jezi afime sa se yon verite Bondye revele.<ref>{{cite book |last=Yieh|first=John Y. H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0-NaraCrAoC|title=One teacher: Jesus' teaching role in Matthew's gospel|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2004|isbn=978-3-11-018151-7|pages=240–241|access-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221947/https://books.google.com/books?id=g0-NaraCrAoC|archive-date=8 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=53–54}} Apre konfesyon sa a, Jezi kòmanse di disip li yo sou soufrans, lanmò ak rezirèksyon li ki gen pou vini.<ref>Matye 16:21, Mak 8:31, ak Lik 9:22.</ref> Nan Transfigirasyon an,<ref name="SynopticTransfiguration">[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#17:1|Matye 17:1–9]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#9:2|Mak 9:2–8]], ak [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#9:28|Lik 9:28–36]].</ref>{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs" /><ref name="Barton132" /> Jezi pran Pyè ak de lòt apot monte sou yon mòn ki pa gen non, kote "li te transfigire devan yo, figi l te klere tankou solèy la, epi rad li te vin blan epatan".{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=72–76}} Yon nwaj klere kouvri yo, epi yon vwa soti nan nwaj la pwoklame, "Sa a se Pitit mwen, byenneme a; mwen kontan pou li; koute l."<ref name="SynopticTransfiguration"/>{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}} Deskripsyon dènye semèn lavi Jezi—souvan yo rele l [[Semèn Pasyon an|Semèn Pasyon]]—okipe apeprè yon tyè nan naratif levanjil kanonik yo.<ref name="Turner613" /> Pati sa a kòmanse ak [[Antre triyonfal nan Jerizalèm|antre triyonfal Jezi nan Jerizalèm]] epi li fini ak krisifiksyon li.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} ==== Aktivite nan Jerizalèm ==== [[File:Gérôme - L'entrée du Christ à Jérusalem - cadre.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Yon penti [[Antre triyonfal nan Jerizalèm|dènye antre Jezi nan Jerizalèm]], pa [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], 1897|alt=Jezi, sou do yon ti bourik, ap pwoche Jerizalèm. Yon gwo foul moun akeyi l deyò miray yo.]] Nan Levanjil sinoptik yo, dènye semèn nan [[Jerizalèm]] fèmen vwayaj Jezi te kòmanse nan Galile a atravè Pere ak Jide.{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} Jezi antre Jerizalèm sou yon jenn bourik, sa ki evoke motif [[Bourik Mesi a|bourik Mesi a]] nan [[Liv Zakari|Liv Zakari a]], kote wa jwif yo ki enb la antre nan vil la nan fason sa a.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Zechariah|9:9|HE}}.</ref><ref name="May Metzger Mark">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year= 1977|chapter=Mark|pages= 1213–1239}}</ref> Pandan l ap avanse, moun yo gaye rad yo ak ti branch pyebwa ([[Branch palmis|branch palmis]]) sou wout devan l epi yo chante liy nan Sòm 118:25–26.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Psalms|118:25–26|HE}}.</ref>{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=256–258}}{{sfn|Majerník|Ponessa|Manhardt|2005|pp=133–134}}{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=381–395}} Answit Jezi chase machann lajan yo nan Tanp lan, li akize yo fè l tounen yon twou vòlè atravè aktivite komèsyal yo. Pifò chèchè dakò li pi pwobab Jezi te fè yon bagay nan tanp lan epi li te mansyone destriksyon li.<ref>{{cite book |last= Sanders |first= E.P. |author-link= E.P. Sanders |year= 1985 |title= Jesus and Judaism |publisher= Fortress Press |page= 61 |isbn= 978-0800620615|title-link=Jesus and Judaism}}</ref>{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}} Nan Jan, Netwayaj Tanp lan fèt nan kòmansman ministè Jezi olye de nan lafen.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#2:13|Jan 2:13–16]].</ref>{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Metòd konpozisyon ansyen yo te enplike deplasman ak konpresyon kwonolojik konsa, menm ak byografè ki fyab tankou [[Plutak]] ki montre yo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vytlačilová |first=Magdalena |date=2023 |title=Jesus, the Gospels, and the Galilean Crisis by Tucker S. Ferda (review) |journal=Neotestamentica |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=197–202 |doi=10.1353/neo.2023.a938405}}</ref> Jezi antre an konfli ak ansyen jwif yo, tankou lè yo [[Otorite Jezi mete an kesyon|mete otorite li an kesyon]] ak lè li [[Malè Farizyen yo|kritike yo epi rele yo ipokrit]].{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=256–258}}{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=381–395}} [[Jida Iskaryòt]], youn nan [[Douz apot yo|douz apot yo]], fè yon maché an sekrè ak ansyen jwif yo, li dakò trayi Jezi ba yo pou [[Trant pyès lajan|30 pyès ajan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lockyer |first=Herbert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q7l-_UFHmYC |title=All the Apostles of the Bible |publisher=Zondervan |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-310-28011-8 |pages=106–111 |access-date=11 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229044027/https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q7l-_UFHmYC |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Synoptic Gospels and the Book of Acts |first=Doremus A. |last=Hayes |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-313-53490-1 |page=88 |publisher=HardPress}}</ref> Levanjil Jan an rakonte de lòt fèt kote Jezi te anseye nan Jerizalèm anvan Semèn Pasyon an.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#7:1|Jan 7:1–10:42]].</ref>{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Nan [[Betani]], yon vilaj tou pre Jerizalèm, Jezi [[Leve Lazar|leve Lazar soti nan lanmò]]. Siy pwisan sa a{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} ogmante tansyon ak otorite yo,{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} ki konplote pou touye l.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#11:1|Jan 11]].</ref>{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} [[Mari Betani]] onksyone pye Jezi, sa ki anonse antèman li.{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|pp=401–470}} Answit Jezi fè antre mesyanik li nan Jerizalèm.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Foul moun k ap kontan akeyi Jezi pandan l ap antre nan Jerizalèm ogmante animozite ant li ak etablisman an.{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} Nan Jan, Jezi te deja netwaye Dezyèm Tanp lan pandan yon vizit Pak anvan nan Jerizalèm. Answit Jan rakonte Dènye Soupe Jezi ak disip li yo.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} ==== Dènye Soupe a ==== [[File:Última Cena - Juan de Juanes.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Dènye Soupe a]], dekri pa [[Juan de Juanes]], {{circa|1562|lk=no}}|alt=Yon reprezantasyon Dènye Soupe a. Jezi chita nan mitan, apot li yo rasanble sou tou de bò l.]] Dènye Soupe a se dènye repa Jezi te pataje ak douz apot li yo nan Jerizalèm anvan krisifiksyon li. Dènye Soupe a mansyone nan kat levanjil kanonik yo; [[Premye Lèt Korentyen yo|Premye Lèt Pòl bay Korentyen yo]]<ref>1 Korentyen [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 Corinthians#11:23|11:23–26]].</ref> refere a li tou.<ref name="Fahlbusch52">{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |volume=4 |first=Erwin |last=Fahlbusch |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8028-2416-5 |pages=53–56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C5V7oyy69zgC&pg=PA53 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907101720/https://books.google.com/books?id=C5V7oyy69zgC&pg=PA53 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=180–191}} Pandan repa a, [[Jezi anonse trayizon li|Jezi predi]] ke youn nan apot li yo pral trayi l.{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=182}} Malgre chak Apot afime li pa t ap trayi l, Jezi repete ke trèt la ta youn nan moun ki la yo. Matye 26:23–25 ak Jan 13:26–27 idantifye Jida kòm trèt la.<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=182}} Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi pran pen, kase l, epi bay disip yo, li di, "Sa a se kò mwen, ki bay pou nou." Answit li fè yo tout bwè nan yon tas, li di, "Tas sa a ki vide pou nou an se nouvo alyans lan nan san mwen."<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#22:19|Lik 22:19–20]].</ref><ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Eucharist}} [[Sakreman]] oswa [[Òdonans (kretyen)|òdonans]] [[Ekaris]] la baze sou evènman sa yo.<ref>{{CathEncy| wstitle=The Blessed Eucharist as a Sacrament |first=Joseph |last=Pohle}}</ref> Byenke Levanjil Jan an pa gen yon deskripsyon ritwèl pen ak diven an pandan Dènye Soupe a, pifò chèchè dakò ke Jan 6:22–59 ([[Diskou sou Pen lavi a]]) gen yon karaktè ekaristik epi li fè rezonans ak [[Orijin Ekaris la#Istwa enstitisyon yo|istwa enstitisyon yo]] nan levanjil sinoptik yo ak nan ekri pòlin yo sou Dènye Soupe a.{{sfn|Freedman|2000|p=792}} Nan tout kat levanjil yo, Jezi predi Pyè pral nye li konnen l twa fwa anvan [[Kòk|kòk]] la chante nan denmen maten.<ref name="Denial">{{cite book |title=Peter: apostle for the whole church |first=Pheme |last=Perkins |publisher=Fortress Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-4514-1598-8 |page=85}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel according to Matthew |volume=1 |first=Johann P. |last=Lange |year=1865 |publisher=Scribner |page=499}}</ref> Nan Lik ak Jan, yo fè prediksyon an pandan Soupe a.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#22:33|Lik 22:34]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#22:33|Jan 22:34]].</ref> Nan Matye ak Mak, yo fè prediksyon an apre Soupe a; Jezi predi tou ke tout disip li yo pral abandone l.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#26:31|Matye 26:31–34]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#14:27|Mak 14:27–30]].</ref>{{sfn|Walvoord|Zuck|1983|pp=83–85}} Levanjil Jan an bay sèl istwa [[Lavman pye|Jezi k ap lave pye disip li yo]] apre repa a.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}} Jan gen ladan l tou yon long sèmon Jezi pou prepare disip li yo (kounye a san Jida) pou depa li. Chapit 14–17 Levanjil Jan an konnen kòm [[Diskou orevwa a]] epi se yon gwo sous kontni [[Kristolojik|kristolojik]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Day |first1=Gail R. |title=John |last2=Hylen |first2=Susan |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-664-25260-1 |pages=142–168}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ridderbos |first=Herman |title=The Gospel of John: A Theological Commentary|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-8028-0453-2 |pages=546–576}}</ref> ==== Ajoni nan jaden an, trayizon ak arestasyon ==== [[File:Caravaggio - The Taking of Christ restored.jpg|thumb|Yon reprezantasyon [[Bo Jida a|bo Jida a]] ak [[Arestasyon Jezi|arestasyon Jezi]], pa [[Caravaggio]], {{circa|1602|lk=no}}|alt=Jida bo Jezi, epi sòlda yo kouri sezi l.]] Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi ak disip li yo ale nan jaden [[Jetsemani]], kote Jezi priye pou yo epanye l soufrans ki rete l pou l soufri a. Answit Jida vini ak yon foul moun ame, voye pa chèf prèt yo, [[Eskrib#Jidayis|eskrib yo]] ak ansyen yo. Li [[Bo Jida a|bo Jezi]] pou idantifye l bay foul la, ki answit [[Arestasyon Jezi|arete Jezi]]. Nan yon tantativ pou sispann yo, yon disip Jezi ki pa gen non itilize yon nepe pou koupe zòrèy [[Malkis|yon nonm]] nan foul la. Apre arestasyon Jezi, disip li yo kache, epi Pyè, lè yo kesyone l, [[Renyman Pyè|nye]] twa fwa ke li konnen Jezi. Apre twazyèm renyman an, Pyè tande kòk la chante epi li sonje prediksyon Jezi sou renyman li. Answit Pyè kriye anpil.{{sfn|Walvoord|Zuck|1983|pp=83–85}}{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}}<ref name="Denial" /> Nan Jan 18:1–11, Jezi pa priye pou yo epanye l krisifiksyon an, paske levanjil la montre l prèske pa afekte pa feblès imen konsa.{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Jesus}} Moun ki arete l yo se [[Lame women|sòlda women]] ak gad Tanp lan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Michaels |first1=J. Ramsey |title=John |series=Understanding the Bible Commentary Series |date=2011 |publisher=Baker Books |page=187 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zGr-amBm4PUC&pg=PT187 |isbn=978-1-4412-3659-3 |access-date=7 September 2017 |archive-date=26 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226071102/https://books.google.com/books?id=zGr-amBm4PUC&pg=PT187 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olye de yon bo trayi li, Jezi pwoklame idantite li, epi lè l fè sa, sòlda yo ak ofisye yo tonbe atè. Levanjil la idantifye Pyè kòm disip ki te itilize nepe a, epi Jezi repwoche l pou sa. ==== Jijman devan Sanedren an, Ewòd ak Pilat ==== Apre arestasyon li, yo pran Jezi anreta nan lannwit nan rezidans prive wo prèt la, [[Kayif]], ki te enstale pa predesesè Pilat, prokirè women [[Valerius Gratus]].<ref>[[Jozèf (istoryen)|Josephus]] Antiquities 18.2.2.</ref> [[Sanedren]] la se te yon kò jidisyè jwif.{{sfn|Brown|1997|p=146}} Istwa levanjil yo diferan sou [[Jijman Jezi devan Sanedren an|detay jijman yo]].<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Bromiley |editor-first1=Geoffrey W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yklDk6Vv0l4C&pg=PA1050 |title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E–J |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-3782-0 |pages=1050–1052 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907182833/https://books.google.com/books?id=yklDk6Vv0l4C&pg=PA1050 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Matye 26:57, Mak 14:53, ak Lik 22:54, yo mennen Jezi lakay wo prèt la, Kayif, kote yo [[Moke Jezi|moke]] li epi bat li nan nwit sa a. Bonè nan denmen maten, chèf prèt yo ak eskrib yo mennen Jezi ale nan konsèy yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=487–500}}{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=396–400}}<ref name="Holman608">{{cite book |title=Holman Concise Bible Dictionary |publisher=B&H Publishing Group|lccn=97-22283|year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8054-9548-5 |pages=608–609}}</ref> Jan 18:12–14 di yo premye mennen Jezi bay [[Ana]], bòpè Kayif, epi answit bay wo prèt la.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=487–500}}{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=396–400}}<ref name="Holman608" /> [[File:Ecce homo by Antonio Ciseri (1).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''Ecce homo!'' Reprezantasyon [[Antonio Ciseri]] an 1871 de [[Ponsyis Pilat]] k ap prezante Jezi bay piblik la|alt=Yon reprezantasyon jijman piblik Jezi]] Pandan jijman yo, Jezi pale trè piti, li pa defann tèt li, epi li bay repons trè ra ak endirèk a kesyon prèt yo, sa ki pouse yon ofisye souflete l. Nan Matye 26:62, silans Jezi pouse Kayif mande l, "Ou pa gen repons?".{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=487–500}}{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=396–400}}<ref name="Holman608" /> Nan Mak 14:61, wo prèt la mande Jezi, "Eske ou se Mesi a, Pitit Sila a ki beni an?". Jezi reponn, "[[Mwen se (tèm biblik)|Se mwen]]", epi answit li predi vini Pitit Lonm nan.<ref name="Britannica" /> Sa fè Kayif chire pwòp rad li nan kòlè epi akize Jezi de blasfèm. Nan Matye ak Lik, repons Jezi a pi ambigi:<ref name="Britannica" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|p=495}} nan Matye 26:64, li reponn, "Se ou menm ki di sa", epi nan Lik 22:70 li di, "Se nou menm ki di mwen se li."{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=396–398}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Luke's presentation of Jesus: a christology |first=Robert F. |last=O'Toole |year=2004 |isbn=978-88-7653-625-0 |page=166 |publisher=Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico|series=Subsidia Biblica}}</ref> Ansyen jwif yo mennen Jezi nan [[Tribinal Pilat]] epi mande gouvènè women an, [[Ponsyis Pilat]], pou l jije epi kondane Jezi pou divès akizasyon: boulvèse nasyon an, opoze peman tribi a, pretann li se Kris la, yon wa, epi pretann li se pitit Bondye.{{efn|Matye: "pretann li se wa jwif yo". Mak: "Wa jwif yo". Lik: "boulvèse nasyon an, opoze peman taks bay Sezar, pretann li se Kris la, yon wa" Jan: "vyole lalwa jwif la, pretann li se pitit Bondye".}}<ref name="Holman608" /> Itilizasyon mo "wa" a santral nan diskisyon ant Jezi ak Pilat. Nan Jan 18:36, Jezi deklare, "Wayòm mwen an pa nan mond sa a", men li pa nye klèman ke li se Wa jwif yo.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=Twenty-Third Publications |title=The Names of Jesus |first=Stephen J. |last=Binz |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-58595-315-8 |pages=81–82}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ironside |first=H. A. |title=John |publisher=Kregel |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8254-9619-6 |page=454}}</ref> Nan Lik 23:7–15, Pilat reyalize Jezi se yon Galileyen, kidonk li tonbe anba jiridiksyon [[Ewòd Antipas]], [[Tetrarki erodyen|Tetrak]] Galile ak Pere.{{sfn|Niswonger|1992|p=172}}{{sfn|Majerník|Ponessa|Manhardt|2005|p=181}} Pilat voye Jezi bay Ewòd pou l jije l,{{sfn|Carter|2003|pp=120–121}} men Jezi pa di prèske anyen an repons a kesyon Ewòd yo. Ewòd ak sòlda li yo moke Jezi, mete yon rad chè sou li pou fè l sanble yon wa, epi retounen l bay Pilat,{{sfn|Niswonger|1992|p=172}} ki answit rele ansyen jwif yo ansanm epi anonse ke li "pa jwenn nonm sa a koupab".{{sfn|Carter|2003|pp=120–121}} Pou respekte yon koutim Pak nan epòk la, Pilat pèmèt yon prizonye ke foul la chwazi lage. Li bay pèp la yon chwa ant Jezi ak yon asasen ki rele [[Barabas]] ({{lang|he|[[wikt:בר-אבא|בר-אבא]]}} oswa ''Bar-abbâ'', "pitit papa a", soti nan non bay komen ''[[Abba (non)|Abba]]'': 'papa').{{sfn|Evans|2012b|p=453}} Konvenki pa ansyen yo,<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#27:20|Matye 27:20]].</ref> foul la chwazi lage Barabas epi krisifye Jezi.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=400–401}} Pilat ekri yon plak an ebre, laten ak grèk ki di "Jezi Nazarèt, Wa jwif yo" (abreje [[INRI]] nan reprezantasyon yo) pou yo fikse sou kwa Jezi a,<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#19:19|Jan 19:19–20]].</ref>{{sfn|Brown|1988|p=93}} answit li [[Flajelasyon Kris|fwete Jezi]] epi voye l pou yo krisifye l. Sòlda yo mete yon [[Kouwòn pikan|kouwòn pikan]] sou tèt Jezi epi yo ridikilize l kòm Wa jwif yo. Yo bat li epi yo moke l anvan yo mennen l nan [[Kalvè]],<ref>{{cite book |title=The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew |first=Donald |last=Senior |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8146-5460-6 |publisher=Liturgical Press |page=124}}</ref> yo rele l Golgota tou, pou krisifiksyon.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=487–500}}<ref name="Holman608" />{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|p=402}} ==== Krisifiksyon ak antèman ==== [File:Cristo crucificado.jpg|alt=Yon reprezantasyon Jezi sou kwa a.|thumb|Reprezantasyon [[Diego Velázquez]] de [[Krisifiksyon Jezi|Krisifiksyon an]], anviwon 1632]] Yo dekri krisifiksyon Jezi nan tout kat levanjil kanonik yo. Apre jijman yo, yo mennen Jezi nan Kalvè [[Jezi pote kwa a|k ap pote kwa li]]; wout ke yo tradisyonèlman panse li te pran an rele [[Via Dolorosa]]. Twa levanjil sinoptik yo endike ke [[Simon Sirèn]] ede l, paske Women yo te fòse l fè sa.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=211–214}} Nan Lik 23:27–28, Jezi di fanm ki nan foul moun k ap swiv li a pou yo pa kriye pou li men pou yo menm ak pitit yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}} Nan Kalvè, yo ofri Jezi yon eponj tranpe nan yon melanj ke yo anjeneral ofri kòm [[Analjezik|kalman doulè]]. Dapre Matye ak Mak, li refize l.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=211–214}} Answit sòlda yo krisifye Jezi epi [[Tiraj osò|tire osò]] pou rad li yo. Anwo tèt Jezi sou kwa a gen plak miltileng Pilat la, "Jezi Nazarèt, Wa jwif yo." Sòlda yo ak pasan yo [[Moke Jezi|moke]] li sou sa. De vòlè kondane krisifye ansanm ak Jezi. Nan Matye ak Mak, tou de vòlè yo moke Jezi. Nan Lik, [[Vòlè ki pa repanti a|youn nan yo]] repwoche Jezi, pandan [[Vòlè ki repanti a|lòt la]] defann li.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=271}}{{sfn|Ehrman|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0/page/82 82]}} Jezi di dènye a: "jodi a w ap avè m nan Paradi."<ref>Lik 23:43.</ref> Kat levanjil yo mansyone prezans [[Fanm nan krisifiksyon an|yon gwoup fanm ki disip Jezi]] nan krisifiksyon an. Nan Jan, Jezi wè manman l Mari ak [[Disip byenneme a]] epi li di l pran swen l.<ref>Jan 19:26–27.</ref> Nan Jan 19:33–34, sòlda women yo kase janm de vòlè yo pou akselere lanmò yo, men pa sa Jezi, paske li te deja mouri. Pito, [[Lonjen|yon sòlda]] pèse kòtlèt Jezi ak yon [[Sen Lans|lans]], epi [[Senk Sen Blesi yo|san ak dlo]] koule.{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=271}} Levanjil sinoptik yo rapòte yon [[Tenèb krisifiksyon an|peryòd tenèb]], epi gwo rido Tanp lan chire lè Jezi mouri. Nan Matye 27:51–54, yon tranblemanntè louvri tonm yo. Nan Matye ak Mak, tèlman evènman yo te pè yo, yon [[Santiryon|santiryon]] women deklare Jezi se te Pitit Bondye.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=213–214}} Menm jou a, [[Jozèf Arimate]], ak pèmisyon Pilat epi ak èd [[Nikodèm]], [[Desann Jezi sou kwa a|retire kò Jezi sou kwa a]], vlope l nan yon twal pwòp, epi antere l nan yon nouvo [[Tonm|tonm woch]].{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}} Nan Matye 27:62–66, jou ki vini apre a, chèf prèt jwif yo mande Pilat pou yo sekirize tonm lan, epi ak pèmisyon Pilat, prèt yo mete sele sou gwo wòch ki kouvri antre a.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=509–520}}{{sfn|Morris|1992|p=727}} === Rezirèksyon ak asansyon === [[File:Alexander Ivanov - Christ's Appearance to Mary Magdalene after the Resurrection - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|alt=Jezi k ap parèt devan Mari Madlèn apre [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|rezirèksyon l soti nan lanmò]], dekri pa [[Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov]].|''Aparisyon Jezikri bay Mari Madlèn'' pa [[Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov]], 1835]] Levanjil yo pa dekri moman [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|rezirèksyon]] an. Yo dekri dekouvèt [[Tonm vid la|tonm vid li an]] ak plizyè aparisyon Jezi, ak diferans klè nan chak naratif.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vermes |first=Geza |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PYcnn9WxVcC |title=The Resurrection |publisher=Penguin |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-14-191263-9 |place=London |page=141 |access-date=30 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309231513/https://books.google.com/books?id=1PYcnn9WxVcC |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan kat Levanjil yo, [[Mari Madlèn]] ale nan tonm lan dimanch maten, pou kont li oswa ak youn oswa plizyè [[Fanm ki te pote lami yo|lòt fanm]].{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=308–309}} Tonm lan vid, wòch la woule ale, epi gen youn oswa de zanj, selon istwa yo. Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, yo di fanm yo Jezi pa la e li leve.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|16:5–6}}, {{bibleverse|Matthew|28:5–6}}, and {{bibleverse|Luke|24:4–6}}.</ref> Nan Mak ak Matye, zanj la enstwi yo tou pou yo di disip yo rankontre Jezi nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|16:7}}, {{bibleverse|Matthew|28:7}}.</ref> Nan Lik, Pyè vizite tonm lan apre yo fin di l li vid.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|24:12}}.</ref> Nan Jan, li ale la ak disip byenneme a.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|20:2–8}}.</ref> Matye mansyone gad women bò tonm lan,<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|28:7}}.</ref> ki rapòte bay prèt Jerizalèm sa ki te pase. Prèt yo koronpi yo pou yo di disip yo te [[Ipotèz kò vòlè a|vòlè kò Jezi]] pandan lannwit.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|28:11–15}}.</ref> Kat Levanjil yo dekri answit divès aparisyon Jezi nan kò rezirèksyon li. Jezi revele tèt li premye bay Mari Madlèn nan Mak 16:9 ak Jan 20:14–17,<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|16:9}}, {{bibleverse|John|20:14–17}}.</ref> ansanm ak "lòt Mari a" nan Matye 28:9,<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|28:9–10}}.</ref> pandan nan Lik, premye aparisyon ki rapòte a se bay [[Aparisyon sou wout Emayis|de disip]] k ap ale [[Emayis]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|24:13–31}}.</ref> Answit Jezi revele tèt li bay onz disip yo, nan Jerizalèm oswa nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|16:14}}, {{bibleverse|Matthew|28:16–17}}, and {{bibleverse|John|20:19–23}}.</ref> Nan Lik 24:36–43, li manje epi li montre yo [[Senk Sen Blesi yo|blesi li ki ka manyen yo]] pou pwouve yo li pa yon lespri.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|24:36–43}}.</ref> Li montre yo tou bay [[Toma apot la|Toma]] pou mete fen [[Toma ki doute a|dout li]], nan Jan 20:24–29.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|20:24–29}}.</ref> Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi [[Gran Komisyon an|bay disip yo misyon]] pou gaye mesaj levanjil la bay tout nasyon,{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}}{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=297–301}} pandan nan [[Jan 21]], li [[Restorasyon Pyè|di Pyè]] pran swen mouton li yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=216–226}} [[Antre nan syèl vivan|Asansyon]] Jezi nan Syèl la dekri nan Lik 24:50–53, Travay 1:1–11, epi mansyone nan 1 Timote 3:16. Nan Travay Apot yo, karant jou apre Rezirèksyon an, pandan disip yo t ap gade, "yo leve l anlè, epi yon nwaj wete l devan je yo". 1 Pyè 3:22 di Jezi "monte nan syèl la epi li sou bò dwat Bondye".{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}} Travay Apot yo dekri plizyè aparisyon Jezi apre Asansyon li. Nan Travay 7:55, [[Sen Etyèn|Etyèn]] gade nan syèl la epi li wè "Jezi kanpe sou bò dwat Bondye" jis anvan lanmò li.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bruce |first=Frederick F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2lN0ibbLOHEC&pg=PA210 |title=The Acts of the Apostles |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-8028-0966-7 |page=210 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008222000/https://books.google.com/books?id=2lN0ibbLOHEC&pg=PA210 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sou wout [[Damas]], Apot [[Konvèsyon Pòl apot la|Pòl konvèti]] nan Krisyanis apre li fin wè yon limyè ki avegle l epi tande yon vwa ki di, "Mwen se Jezi, moun ou ap pèsekite a."<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Acts#9:5|Travay 9:5]].</ref> Nan Travay 9:10–18, Jezi enstwi [[Ananyas Damas]] nan yon vizyon pou l geri Pòl.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Luke T. |title=The Acts of the Apostles |last2=Harrington |first2=Daniel J. |publisher=Liturgical Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-8146-5807-9 |pages=164–167}}</ref> [[Liv Apokalips|Liv Revelasyon an]] gen ladan l yon revelasyon ki soti nan Jezi sou [[Eskatoloji kretyen|dènye jou Latè yo]].<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle=Apocalypse |last=Van den Biesen |first=Christian}}</ref> {{clear}} === Referans === {{reflist|colwidth=20em}} jqlrc1029m0coqf6lv5jj26m3jac9bf 889175 889174 2026-10-23T06:02:35Z Kitanago 19629 889175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | non = Jezi Kris | imaj = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | taille image = 200 | lejand = [[Christ pantocrator (Sinaï)|Christ pantocrator nan monastè Sent-Katrin Sinaï]], {{sap-|VI}} | tit = [[Jezi Nazarèt]] ak Pitit Bondye a | dat nesans = ant [[7 av. J.-K.|7]] ak [[5 av. J.-K.|5 anvan epòk nou an]] | lye nesans = [[Bètleyèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]), selon Levanjil yo ; [[Nazarèt]] nan [[Galile (rejyon)|Galile]], selon yon majorite istoryen. | dat lanmò = ant [[30]] et [[33]]<ref>Aujourd'hui, la très grande majorité des chercheurs donnent 30 ou 33, selon la longueur qu'ils estiment du ministère de Jésus, mais selon la tradition, il est mort à trente-trois ans : selon ses dates supposées de naissance, cela donne entre 26 et 28 ; cf. {{chapitre|langue=en|prénom1=Stanley E.|nom1=Porter|titre chapitre=Chronology of the New Testament|auteurs ouvrage=David Noel Freedman et Allen C. Myers (dirs.)|titre ouvrage=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|éditeur=Amsterdam University Press|année=2000|isbn=9789053565032|passage=250}}. Quelques-uns donnent 29 et une petite minorité va jusqu'à 36 ; voir la synthèse de {{Ouvrage|prénom1=Raymond E.|nom1=Brown|lien auteur1=Raymond Edward Brown|titre=La Mort du Messie|éditeur=[[Éditions Bayard|Bayard]]|année=2005|pages totales=1695|passage=1552|isbn=978-2-227-35025-0}} </ref> | lye lanmò = [[Jerizalèm]] ([[Jide (pwovens Women)|Jide]]) | laj lanmò = Anviwon 35 an | non nesans = | lòt non = [[Jezi Nazarèt]]<br />[[Mesi]]<br />[[Trinite (chrisyanis)|Bondye]] | nasyonalite = }} '''Jezi'''{{efn|{{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{transliteration|grc|Iēsoús}}, gen chans soti nan {{langx|he|יֵשׁוּעַ|label=[[Lang ebre|ebre]] oswa [[Arameyen|arameyen]]}}, {{small|woman ki transkri:}} {{tlit|und|[[Yeshua|Yēšūaʿ]]}} }} ({{circa|6 a 4 anvan Jezikri}}<!-- "By collating the gospel accounts with historical data and using various other methods, most scholars arrive at a date of birth between 6 and 4 BC for Jesus, though scholarly arguments for a date of birth between 7 and 1 BC have been made" in 'Chronology' section -->{{snd}}ane 30 oswa 33 apre Jezikri), ke yo rele tou '''Jezikri''',{{efn|[[Kopt (lang)|Kopt]]: {{lang|cop|Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ́ρⲓⲥτⲟⲥ}}; [[Geʽez]]: {{lang|gez|መሲህ ኢየሱስ}}; [[Grèk koine|Grèk]]: {{lang|grc|Ἰησοῦς Χριστός}}; [[Ebre klasik|Ebre]]: {{lang|hbo|ישוע המשיח}}; [[Laten]]: {{lang|la|Iesus Christus}}; [[Slavon legliz|Slavon]]: {{lang|cu|І҆исоу́съ Хрїсто́съ}}; [[Siryak klasik|Siryak]]: {{lang|syc|ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ}}}} '''Jezi Nazarèt''', epi pa [[Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|lòt non ak tit]] ankò, se te yon predikatè [[Jwif|jwif]] ak [[Lis fondatè tradisyon relijye|lidè relijye]] ki te aktif nan [[Jide (pwovens women)|pwovens women Jide]] pandan 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} <!-- Do not merge these. Jesus is — not was — the central figure of Christianity. -->Li se [[Jezi nan Krisyanis|figi santral]] [[Krisyanis]], [[Gwo gwoup relijyon yo|pi gwo relijyon nan mond lan]]. Pifò [[Konfesyon kretyen|branch kretyen]] konsidere Jezi kòm [[Enkanasyon (Krisyanis)|enkanasyon]] [[Bondye Pitit la]] ak [[Mesi#Krisyanis|Mesi]] oswa [[Kris (tit)|Kris]] yo t ap tann nan. Istwa [[Lavi Jezi|lavi Jezi]] yo kontni nan [[Evanjil|Evanjil yo]], sitou nan [[Kat evanjil kanonik yo|kat evanjil kanonik]] [[Nouvo Testaman|Nouvo Testaman an]]. Depi [[Syèk Limyè yo]], [[Rechèch Jezi istorik la|rechèch akademik]] pwodui divès opinyon sou [[Fyabilite istorik evanjil yo|fyabilite istorik evanjil yo]] ak nan ki mezi yo reflete [[Jezi istorik|Jezi istorik la]],{{sfn|Powell|1998|pp=168–173}}{{efn|Ehrman ekri: "Lide ki di istwa evanjil yo pa konplètman egzak men yo toujou enpòtan pou verite relijye yo eseye transmèt la, se yon lide ki byen pataje nan mond chèchè yo, menmsi li pa byen konnen ni kwè deyò mond sa a."<ref>Bart D. Ehrman. [http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium']. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123155853/https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html |date=23 January 2019 }} Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.), The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24{{Clarify|reason=It's unclear if this citation is for one source or multiple sources. Is it a book or an audio lecture?|date=October 2025}}</ref><br />Sanders ekri: "Premye kretyen yo pa t ekri yon naratif sou lavi Jezi, men yo te itilize epi konsa konsève inite endividyèl yo—ti pasaj sou pawòl ak aksyon li. Pita, otè ak editè yo te deplase epi achte inite sa yo. [...] Gen kèk materyèl ki te revize epi gen lòt premye kretyen yo te kreye."{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=57}}}}{{Sfn|Bowman Jr.|Komoszewski|2019|p=22–23}}<ref>{{Cite journal|author-first1=Craig A. |author-last1=Evans|url=https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/54.1.1.pdf|title=Life-of-Jesus Research and the Eclipse of Mythology|journal=Theological Studies |volume=54 |year=1993|pages= 13–14|quote=First, the New Testament Gospels are now viewed as useful, if not essentially reliable, historical sources. Gone is the extreme skepticism that for so many years dominated gospel research. Representative of many is the position of E. P. Sanders and Marcus Borg, who have concluded that it is possible to recover a fairly reliable picture of the historical Jesus.}}</ref><!---- The following paragraph was created by consensus after considerable discussion by a variety of editors. Out of courtesy for this process, please discuss any proposed changes on the talk page before editing it. ----><!-- PLEASE READ THIS FIRST. The following references are WP:RS sources that are used per WP:RS/AC guideline. The issue has been discussed on the talk page at length See the "talk page FAQ" about it; it may answer your question. The main source says "scholars of antiquity", other sources say "scholars", "biblical scholars and classical historians" and "historians". Sources do not say "X scholars" or "Christian scholars", so do not modify it as such, for that will make it deviate from what the sources state. The source says "virtually all", so do NOT change it to "most", "several", "many", etc. Thank you. ----> men prèske tout chèchè modèn [[Ansyènte klasik|ansyènte]] dakò ke [[Istorisite Jezi|Jezi te egziste istorikman]].{{efn |name=exist|Nan yon revizyon etid modèn yo an 2011, [[Bart D. Ehrman]] te ekri, "Li sètènman te egziste, jan prèske tout chèchè konpetan ansyènte, kretyen kou pa kretyen, dakò sou sa."{{sfn|Ehrman|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376/page/n298 285]}} [[Richard A. Burridge]] di: "Gen moun ki sipòte lide ke Jezi se yon envansyon imajinasyon Legliz la, ke pat gen okenn Jezi menm. Mwen oblije di mwen pa konnen okenn chèchè kritik respektab ki di sa ankò."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jesus Now and Then |first1=Richard A. |last1=Burridge |first2=Graham |last2=Gould |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34 34] |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34}}</ref> [[Robert M. Price]] pa kwè Jezi te egziste men li dakò ke pèspektiv sa a kontrè ak opinyon majorite chèchè yo.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Robert M. |last=Price |title=Jesus at the Vanishing Point |encyclopedia=The Historical Jesus: Five Views |editor-last1=Beilby |editor-last2=Eddy |year=2009 |publisher=InterVarsity |isbn=978-0-8308-7853-6 |editor-first=James K. |pages=55, 61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |editor2-first=Paul R. |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112540/https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[James D. G. Dunn]] rele teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo "yon tèz konplètman mouri".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Dunn|first=J. D. G.|author-link1=James Dunn (theologian)|title=Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus |encyclopedia=Sacrifice and Redemption |editor-first1=Stephen W. |editor-last1=Sykes |editor-link1= Stephen Sykes|year=2007 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511659522.005 |isbn=978-0-521-04460-8 |pages=35–36}}</ref> Dapre [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]] (yon [[Klasisis|klasisis]]), "Nan dènye ane yo [an 2004], 'okenn chèchè serye pa janm ozewa sipoze Jezi pa t egziste istorikman' oswa omwen trè piti, epi yo pa reyisi elimine prèv ki pi solid, vrèman abondan, ki di kontrè a."<ref>{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Grant |title=Jesus|publisher=Phoenix |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-684-14889-2 |page=200}}</ref> [[Robert E. Van Voorst]] di chèchè biblik ak istoryen klasik konsidere teyori ki di Jezi pa t egziste yo kòm efektivman refite.{{sfn|Van Voorst|2000|p=16}} Nan yon atik pou ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', [[Candida Moss]] ak Joel Baden di, "gen yon konsansis prèske inivèsèl nan mitan chèchè biblik yo&nbsp;– pa vre yo omwen&nbsp;– ke Jezi te, an reyalite, yon vrè nonm."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |title=So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=5 October 2014 |author-first2=Joel |author-last2=Baden |author-link1=Candida Moss|author-first1=Candida |author-last1=Moss |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205210029/https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Dapre [[Tradisyon kretyen|tradisyon kretyen]], jan yo prezante l nan Evanjil yo ak [[Travay Apot yo]], Jezi [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|te sikonsi]] nan wityèm jou, [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezante]] nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] nan karantyèm jou. Jan [[Jan Batis]] te [[Batèm Jezi|batize]] li lè li te yon jenn adilt, epi apre [[Tantasyon Kris|40 jou ak 40 nwit]] jèn nan [[Dezè Jide a|dezè Jide a]], li te kòmanse [[Ministè Jezi|ministè piblik li]]. Li te yon [[Metèd vwayajè|metèd ekòl vwayajè]] ke disip li yo te kwè li te gen otorite divin pou entèprete [[Halakha|lalwa jwif la]]. Jezi souvan te diskite ak lòt jwif, pi souvan [[Farizyen|farizyen]] ak [[Sadiseyen|sadiseyen]], sou pi bon fason pou swiv [[Bondye nan jidayis|Bondye]]; li te fè gerizon; li te anseye nan [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]]; epi li te rasanble disip, 12 nan yo li te chwazi kòm [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li. Dapre istwa Nouvo Testaman yo, Jezi te arete nan [[Jerizalèm]] epi [[Jijman Jezi devan Sanedren an|jije]] pa [[Sanedren|Sanedren an]];{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=11}} apre sa yo te lanse l bay otorite women yo, epi li te [[Krisifiksyon Jezi|krisifye]] sou lòd [[Ponsyis Pilat]], prefè women [[Jide (pwovens women)|Jide]]. Nan [[Teyoloji kretyen|teyoloji kretyen]], [[Rezirèksyon Jezi|Rezirèksyon]] se evènman kote Jezi te leve soti vivan nan [[Lanmò|lanmò]], twa jou apre lanmò li, epi kwayans sa a te vin fondasyon [[Krisyanis primitif|Legliz kretyen primitif la]], ki te elaji nan yon [[Gaye Krisyanis|mouvman mondyal]].{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=11, 14}} Teyoloji kretyen gen ladan l kwayans ke Jezi te konsevwa pa [[Sentespri nan Krisyanis|Sentespri]], te [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|fèt nan yon vyèj]] ki rele [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], te fè [[Mirak Jezi|mirak]], te fonde [[Legliz kretyen|Legliz kretyen an]], te mouri sou kwa kòm yon sakrifis pou [[Ekspiyasyon nan Krisyanis|ekspiyasyon peche]], te leve soti vivan pa Bondye Papa a, epi te [[Asansyon Jezi|monte]] nan [[Syèl nan Krisyanis|Syèl la]], kote li pral retounen. Kretyen jeneralman kwè Jezi pèmèt moun [[Bondye nan Krisyanis|rekonsilye ak Bondye]]. [[Kredo Nise|Kredo Nise a]] afime Jezi pral [[Dènye Jijman|jije vivan yo ak mò yo]], swa [[Eta entèmedyè (Krisyanis)|anvan]] swa [[Mòtalis kretyen|apre]] [[Rezirèksyon mò yo#Krisyanis|rezirèksyon kò yo]], yon evènman ki asosye ak [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi|Dezyèm Vini Jezi a]] nan [[Eskatoloji kretyen|eskatoloji kretyen]]. Anpil branch kretyen konsidere Jezi kòm enkanasyon Bondye Pitit la, dezyèm nan twa [[prosopon|pèsòn]] [[Trinite|Trinite a]].{{efn|Yon ti minorite nan konfesyon kretyen rejte trinitarism, nèt oswa an pati, kòm ki pa nan Ekriti yo.}} [[Nesans Jezi]] nan vil [[Jide|jide]] [[Betleyèm]] nan selebre chak ane, jeneralman nan 25 desanm,{{efn|Pifò kretyen ak [[Alawit|alawit]] selebre Nwèl. Yon pati nan [[Krisyanis oryantal|legliz kretyen oryantal]] yo selebre Nwèl nan 25 desanm [[Kalandriye jilyen|kalandriye jilyen]], ki kounye a koresponn ak 7 janvye nan [[Kalandriye gregoryen|kalandriye gregoryen]]. Selebrasyon Nwèl yo kòmanse nan [[Veyè Nwèl]], jeneralman 24 desanm.}} kòm [[Nwèl]]. [[Krisifiksyon]] li komemore nan [[Vandredi Sen]] epi rezirèksyon li nan [[Dimanch Pak]]. [[Epòk kalandriye]] ki pi lajman itilize nan mond lan—kote ane aktyèl la se [[Anno Domini|AD]] {{CURRENTYEAR}} (oswa {{CURRENTYEAR}} [[Epòk komen|CE]])—tradisyonèlman baze sou [[Dat nesans Jezi|dat apwoksimatif nesans Jezi]].<ref>{{cite dictionary |year=2003 |title=anno Domini |dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Anno%20Domini |access-date=3 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222112520/http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/anno%20domini |archive-date=22 December 2007 |quote=Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of our Lord |url-status=live}}.</ref> [[Opinyon jwif sou Jezi|Jidayis dominan an rejte]] kwayans ke Jezi te mesi yo t ap tann nan, e li di li pat akonpli [[Mesi nan jidayis|pwofesi mesyanik yo]], li pat [[Onksyone|onksyone]] nan fòm lalwa, epi li pat ni divin ni resisite. Kontrèman, [[Jezi nan Islam]]{{efn|Souvan yo rele l pa non koranik li, {{transliteration|ar|ISO|[[Isa (non)|ʿĪsā]]}}}} konsidere kòm [[Mesi#Islam|mesi a]] ak yon [[Pwofèt ak mesaje nan Islam|pwofèt]] [[Bondye nan Islam|Bondye]], ki te voye bay [[Izrayelit|Izrayelit yo]] epi ki [[Dezyèm Vini Jezi#Islam|pral retounen sou Latè]] anvan [[Jou Jijman nan Islam|Jou Jijman an]]. [[Mizilman]] kwè Jezi te fèt nan vyèj [[Mari nan Islam|Mari]] men li pat ni Bondye ni pitit Bondye. Pifò Mizilman [[Opinyon islamik sou lanmò Jezi|pa kwè yo te touye l oswa krisifye l]], men Bondye [[Antre nan syèl vivan|te leve l nan Syèl la pandan li te toujou vivan]].{{efn|Gen kèk Mizilman nan Mwayennaj ki te kwè Jezi te krisifye, kon manm mouvman modèn Ahmadiyya a; gade {{slink||Islamic perspectives}}.}} Jezi tou venere nan [[Lafwa Bahayi]] ak [[Relijyon dwouz|relijyon dwouz]], ansanm ak nan [[Rastafari]]. {{TOC limit|3}} == Non == {{Further|Jezi (non)|Non ak tit Jezi nan Nouvo Testaman an|Non sen Jezi|Non Bondye nan Krisyanis}} [[File:JesusYeshua2.svg|thumb|Soti anwo agòch: transkripsyon [[Arameyen|arameyen]], [[Lang ebre|ebre]], [[Lang grèk|grèk]], [[Laten|laten]] ak angle non ''Jezi'']] Yon jwif nan tan Jezi souvan [[Non jwif|te gen yon sèl non]], pafwa swivi pa yon fraz [[Patwonim|patwonimik]] ki gen fòm "pitit [non papa a]", oswa pa vil kote li soti a.<ref name="Britannica" /> Konsa, nan Nouvo Testaman an, souvan yo refere a Jezi kòm "Jezi [[Nazarèt]]".{{efn|Atik sa a itilize sitasyon ki soti nan [[Nouvo Vèsyon Revize Estanda]] Bib la.}} Vwazen Jezi yo nan Nazarèt te rele l "bòs bòs la, pitit [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]] ak frè [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jak jenn nan|Jozès]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]", "pitit bòs bòs la", oswa "pitit [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]]"; nan [[Evanjil Jan|Evanjil Jan an]], disip [[Filip apot la|Filip]] rele l "Jezi pitit Jozèf, moun Nazarèt".<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:45}}</ref> Non ''Jezi'' se transliterasyon angle, atravè laten ''Iesus'', de {{langx|grc|Ἰησοῦς}}, ki se vèsyon grèk non ebre יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ ''Yehoshua'' (Yehōšuᵃʿ).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Greek: 2424. Ἰησοῦς (Iésous) -- Jesus |url=https://biblehub.com/greek/2424.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The Greek name corresponds to the Hebrew "Joshua."''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1">{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Benson Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''The name Jesus, in Greek, answers to Joshua, or rather, Jehoshuah, in Hebrew, which signifies Jehovah shall save;'' […] ''It was not without reason that the successor of Moses was called by this name; for, by subduing the Canaanites, and putting the tribes of Israel in possession of the promised land, he showed himself to be, under God, the Saviour of his people. But this name agrees much better to our Jesus, who both delivers his followers from much more dangerous enemies, and divides unto them a much more glorious inheritance.''}}</ref> Non ebre/[[Arameyen|arameyen]] sa a te komen nan mitan jwif [[Jide|jide]] yo nan epòk nesans Jezi,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Barnes' Notes |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''It was a very common name among the Jews.''}}</ref> byenke nan peryòd sa a li te deja rakousi an יֵשׁוּעַ ''[[Yeshua]]'' (Yešūᵃʿ);<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3442. יֵשׁ֫וּעַ (Yeshua) -- Yeshua, Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3442.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûaʿ) is the late, shortened spelling of the earlier name יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (Yehōšûaʿ, "Joshua").}}</ref> kontraksyon an te deja fèt nan liv biblik ki pi ta tankou [[Liv Neyemi|Neyemi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=H3442 - yēšûaʿ - Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (KJV) |url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/gen/1/1/s_1001 |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=Blue Letter Bible |quote=''Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon: יֵשׁוּעַ [Jeshua] a contracted form of the proper name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎ used in the later Hebrew ... proper name of other men, mentioned in the books of Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah''}}</ref> kote yo rele [[Jozye]] ''Yeshua''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nehemiah 8:17 Hebrew Interlinear: ... for the sons of Israel had not done, from the days of '''Jeshua [יֵשׁוּעַ, Yeshua] son of Nun''' ... |url=https://biblehub.com/interlinear/nehemiah/8-17.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> Non an vle di "[[Tetragram|Bondye]] sove" an ebre, literalman "[[Yawe]] sove",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 3091. יְהוֹשׁ֫וּעַ (Yehoshua) -- Joshua |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Both Joshua son of Nun and Jesus of Nazareth bear the name "Yahweh saves"''}}</ref> soti nan [[Rasin semitik|rasin]] ישׁע (''y-š-ʿ,'' 'sove') ak non יְשׁוּעָה (''yeshuah'', 'sali'). [[Evanjil Matye|Evanjil Matye a]] afime siyifikasyon etimolojik non Jezi a klèman nan pwofesi zanj lan bay Jozèf sou nesans li: "w ap rele l Jezi (Ἰησοῦς), paske l ap sove pèp li a anba peche yo".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:21}}.</ref> Chèchè yo bay enpòtans teyolojik a lefèt ke siksesè [[Moyiz]], [[Jozye]], pote menm non ak Jezi nan grèk, ebre ak arameyen orijinal yo, paske souvan yo fè yon paralèl ant de lidè yo ak etimoloji non yo pataje a ('sove'): Jozye mennen jwif yo nan [[Peyi Pwomiz la]], pandan nan Kretyen Jezi konprann kòm moun ki sove jwif ak [[Payen|payen]] anba peche yo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Matthew Poole's Commentary |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/poole/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua had his name from the same word, because he was to be a temporal saviour to save the Jews, the whole body of the Jews, from the Canaanites their enemies. This Jesus was to save his people, all that should believe in his name, whether Jews or Gentiles, from their sins.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Vincent's Word Studies |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/vws/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Under Joshua the enemies of Israel were conquered, and the people established in the Promised Land. So Jesus leads his people in the fight with sin and temptation.''}}</ref><ref name="BensonMatthew1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matthew 1 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges |url=https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/matthew/1.htm |access-date=15 January 2026 |website=biblehub.com |quote=''Joshua who led the Israelites into the Promised Land, and Joshua or Jeshua, who was high priest at the time of the return from the Babylonish Captivity, are types of Jesus Christ in respect both of work and name.''}}</ref> === Jezikri === {{Further|Kris (tit)}} Depi 1ye syèk la, kretyen yo souvan refere a Jezi kòm "Jezikri".{{sfn|Doninger|1999|p=212}} Mo [[Kris (tit)|''Kris'']] la pa yon non bay men se te orijinèlman yon [[Twa fonksyon Kris la|tit oswa yon biwo]] ("Kris la"), ki vle di "[[Mesi|Mesi a]]".{{sfn|Pannenberg|1968|pp=30–31}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Theology of the New Testament |first=Rudolf K. |last=Bultmann |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-932792-93-5 |page=80 |publisher=Baylor University Press}}</ref> Tèm nan soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|[[wikt:Χριστός|Χριστός]]}} ({{tlit|grc|Christos}}),<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle= Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ |first=Anthony J. |last= Maas}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Heil |first=John P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |title=Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ |publisher=Society of Biblical Literature |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-58983-482-8 |page=66 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907173832/https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> yon [[Kalk|kalk]] mo ebre {{lang|he|[[wikt:מָשִׁיחַ|משיח]]}} {{tlit|he|[[Mesi nan jidayis|mashiakh]]}} (Mašiᵃḥ), ki transliterasyone an angle kòm ''messiah''.{{sfn|Vine|1940|pp=274–275}} Tèm ebre a vle di "[[Onksyone|onksyone]]", soti nan vèb מָשַׁח (''mashaḥ''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 4886. מָשַׁח (mashach)|url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4886.htm|access-date=21 January 2026|website=biblehub.com|quote=Lexical summary: "to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint"}}</ref> Nan jidayis biblik la, [[Lwil onksyon sakre|lwil sakre]] te itilize pou onksyone kèk moun ak objè eksepsyonèlman sakre kòm yon pati nan envestitir relijyez yo.<ref>Gade [[Levitik]] 8:10–12 ak [[Egzòd 30]]:29.</ref> Nan [[Septant|Septant la]], yo te tradui mo ebre a an grèk kòm χριστός (''christos''), ki vle di "onksyone",<ref>{{Cite web |title=χριστός Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χριστός&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=of persons, anointed}}</ref> soti nan vèb χρίω (''chrio''), "fwote ak lwil, onksyone".<ref>{{Cite web |title=χρίω Greek Word Study Tool|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=χρίω&la=greek#lexicon|access-date=21 January 2026|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|quote=Autenrieth: smear with oil, anoint, LSJ: rub, anoint with scented unguents or oil}}</ref> Premye kretyen yo te nonmen Jezi "Kris la" paske yo te kwè li se Mesi a ("moun ki onksyone a") ki te [[Jezi ak pwofesi mesyanik|pwofetize]] nan [[Bib ebre a]] (Ansyen Testaman an). Nan itilizasyon apre epòk biblik la, ''Kris'' te vin wè kòm yon non—yon pati nan "Jezikri". Tèm ''[[Kretyen|kretyen]]'', ki vle di yon disip Kris, ap itilize depi 1ye syèk la.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA142 142]}} == Lavi ak ansèyman nan Nouvo Testaman an == {{Main|Lavi Jezi}} {{Further|Kote Nouvo Testaman asosye ak Jezi}} {{Gospel Jesus|state=collapsed}} === Levanjil kanonik yo === {{Main|Levanjil|Amoni levanjil yo|Fyabilite istorik levanjil yo}} [[File:Dublin, Chester Beatty Ms Papyrus 45 BP I ff.13-14 Luke 11.50-12.12; 12.18-37; 12.42-13.1; 13.jpg|alt=Yon manyiskri papirus kat paj, ki chire an plizyè kote|thumb|Yon [[Papirus|papirus]] grèk 3yèm syèk [[Levanjil Lik|Levanjil Lik la]]]] Kat [[Levanjil kanonik|levanjil kanonik]] yo ([[Levanjil Matye|Matye]], [[Levanjil Mak|Mak]], [[Levanjil Lik|Lik]] ak [[Levanjil Jan|Jan]]) se sous prensipal pou lavi ak mesaj Jezi.<ref name="Britannica" /> Lòt pati nan Nouvo Testaman an gen ladan yo tou referans a gwo epizòd nan lavi li, tankou [[Dènye Soupe a]] nan [[1 Korentyen 11]]:23–26.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|11:23–26|9}}.</ref>{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=441–442}}<ref name="Fahlbusch52" />{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=465–477}} [[Travay Apot yo]]<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|10:37–38|9}} and {{bibleverse|Acts|19:4|9}}.</ref> fè referans a premye ministè Jezi ak fason [[Jan Batis]] te anonse l davans.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Book of the Acts|series=New International Commentary on the New Testament|first=Frederick F. |last=Bruce |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8028-2505-6 |page=362 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref>{{sfn|Rausch|2003|p=77}}{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} Travay 1:1–11<ref>{{bibleverse|Acts|1:1–11|9}}.</ref> bay plis detay sou [[Asansyon Jezi]]<ref>also mentioned in {{bibleverse|1 Timothy|3:16}}.</ref> pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Evans|2003|pp=521–530}} Nan [[Lèt pòl yo#Otantisite|lèt pòl yo ki pa diskite]], ki te ekri anvan levanjil yo, yo site plizyè fwa pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Corinthians 7:10–11, 9:14, 11:23–25|multi=yes}}, {{bibleverse|2 Corinthians|12:9}}.</ref>{{efn|Powell ekri: "[Pòl] site pawòl oswa enstriksyon Jezi nan kèk kote,<ref>{{bibleverse|1 Cor. 7:10–11; 9:14; 11:23–25|multi=yes}}; {{bibleverse|2 Cor.|12:9}}; cf. {{bibleverse|Acts|20:35}}</ref> men nan pifò ka li montre ti enterè pou detay lavi ak ministè Jezi sou tè a."<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Mark A. |title=Introducing the New Testament |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe |url-access=limited |date=2009 |publisher=Baker |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00powe/page/248 248] |isbn=978-0-8010-2868-7}}</ref>}} Gen kèk gwoup [[Premye kretyen|kretyen primitif]] ki te gen deskripsyon separe sou lavi ak ansèyman Jezi ki pa nan Nouvo Testaman an. Ladan yo gen [[Levanjil Toma]], [[Levanjil Pyè]], [[Levanjil Jida]], [[Apokrif Jak]], ak [[Apokrif Nouvo Testaman|anpil lòt ekri apokrif]]. Pifò chèchè konkli tèks sa yo te ekri pi ta epi yo mwens fyab sou plan istorik pase levanjil kanonik yo.{{sfn|Brown|1997|pp=835–840}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=C. A. |title=Exploring the Origins of the Bible |date=2008 |publisher=Baker |page=154}}</ref>{{sfn|Keener|2009|p=56}} ==== Otè, dat ak fyabilite ==== Levanjil kanonik yo se kat istwa, chak youn atribiye a yon otè diferan. Jeneralman yo konsidere otè levanjil yo kòm psedonim, e tradisyon atribiye yo a [[Kat evanjelis yo|kat evanjelis yo]], chak asosye ak Jezi oswa ak disip pwòch li yo:{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} Mak a [[Jan Mak]], yon asosye [[Sen Pyè|Pyè]];<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> [[Matye apot la|Matye]] a youn nan [[Disip (Krisyanis)|disip]] Jezi yo;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} [[Lik evanjelis la|Lik]] a yon konpayon [[Pòl apot la|Pòl]] ki mansyone nan kèk lèt;{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} epi Jan a yon lòt disip Jezi,{{sfn|Funk|Hoover|The Jesus Seminar|1993|p=3}} "[[Disip byenneme a|disip byenneme a]]".{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=John, St.}} Dapre [[Priyorite markyèn|priyorite markyèn nan]], premye levanjil ki te ekri a se [[Levanjil Mak]] (ane 60–75 apre Jezikri), swivi pa Levanjil Matye (65–85), Levanjil Lik (65–95), ak Levanjil Jan (75–100).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |title=Can We Trust the Gospels?: Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |publisher=Crossway |year=2007 |page=58 |isbn=978-1-4335-1978-9 |first=Mark D. |last=Roberts |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907174109/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pifò chèchè dakò otè Matye ak Lik te itilize Mak kòm sous pou levanjil yo. Kòm Matye ak Lik pataje tou kèk kontni ki pa nan Mak, anpil chèchè konkli yo te itilize yon [[Sous Q|sous Q]] ipotetik anplis Mak, pandan yon kantite k ap grandi sipòte [[Ipotèz Farrer|ipotèz Farrer]] oswa [[Ipotèz posteryorite matyèn|Posteryorite matyèn nan]], kote Matye ak Lik te itilize youn lòt dirèkteman.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Runesson|first=Anders|title=Jesus, New Testament, Christian Origins|date=2021|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=9780802868923}}</ref><ref name="TSP20222">{{Cite book |title=The Synoptic Problem 2022: Proceedings of the Loyola University Conference|publisher=Peeters Pub and Booksellers|year=2023|isbn=9789042950344|pages=5|editor-first1=Olegs|editor-last1=Andrejevs|editor-first2=Simon J. |editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first3=‎Edmondo|editor-last3=Lupieri|editor-first4=Joseph|editor-last4=Verhayden}}</ref>{{sfn|Licona|2010|pp=210–221}} Lik ak Matye trete sous yo yon fason ki pi konsèvatè pase lòt istoryen ansyen tankou [[Diodò Sisil]], byenke paralèl ak varyasyon levanjil sinoptik yo se kalite ki tipik nan byografi istorik ansyen.<ref name="Kloppenborg 49–79">{{Cite journal |last=Kloppenborg|first=John|title=Variation in the Reproduction of the Double Tradition and an Oral Q?|journal=Ephemerides Theologicae Lovaniensis|volume=83|issue=1|pages=49–79}}</ref><ref name="Licona 2016 XIII-XIV">{{Cite book |last=Licona |first=Mike |title=Why are there Differences in the Gospels? What we can Learn from Ancient Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0190264260 |pages=XIII-XIV}}</ref> Yon aspè enpòtan nan etid levanjil yo se [[Jan literè|jan literè]] kote yo klase.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Burridge|first1=R. A. |year=2006|chapter=Gospels|editor-first1=J. W. |editor-last1=Rogerson|editor-first2=Judith M. |editor-last2=Lieu|title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=433}}</ref> Si otè levanjil yo te vle ekri woman, mit, istwa oswa byografi, sa gen yon gwo enpak sou fason pou entèprete zèv yo.<ref>Talbert, C. H. (1977). ''What is a Gospel? The Genre of the Canonical Gospels''. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Fortress Press.</ref><ref>Wills, L. M. (1997). ''The Quest of the Historical Gospel: Mark, John and the Origins of the Gospel Genre''. London: Routledge. p. 10.</ref><ref>Burridge, R. A. (2004). ''What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography''. revised updated edn. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.</ref> Byenke li pa san kritik,<ref>e.g. Vines, M. E. (2002). ''The Problem of the Markan Genre: The Gospel of Mark and the Jewish Novel''. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 161–162.</ref> opinyon ki di levanjil yo se yon kalite byografi ansyen reprezante konsansis chèchè jodi a.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stanton |first=Graham N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |title=Jesus and Gospel |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-00802-0 |page=192 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005236/https://books.google.com/books?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogerson |first1=J. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |title=The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies |last2=Lieu |first2=Judith M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-925425-5 |page=437 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225204746/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKZYMifS1fAC |archive-date=25 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Konsènan egzaktitid istwa yo, opinyon yo varye depi sa ki konsidere yo kòm deskripsyon [[Inerans biblik|san erè]] lavi Jezi,{{sfn|Grudem|1994|pp=90–91}} rive sa ki dwe sou fyabilite istorik yo sou divès pwen,{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}} jiska sa ki konsidere yo kòm bay trè piti enfòmasyon istorik sou lavi li apa de baz yo.{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=117–125}}{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|pp=22–23}} ==== Estrikti ak kontni konparatif ==== {{Christianity sidebar}} Matye, Mak ak Lik rele levanjil sinoptik yo, soti nan grèk {{lang|grc|σύν}} ({{tlit|grc|syn}}, 'ansanm') ak {{lang|grc|ὄψις}} ({{tlit|grc|opsis}}, 'vizyon'),<ref name="Haffner-2008" /><ref name="Scroggie-1995" /><ref>{{OED|synoptic}}</ref> paske yo sanble nan kontni, aranjman naratif, lang ak estrikti paragraf, epi yo ka mete youn akote lòt fasilman pou konparezon sinoptik.<ref name="Haffner-2008">{{cite book |title=New Testament Theology |first=Paul |last=Haffner |year=2008 |isbn=978-88-902268-0-9 |page=135 |publisher=Gracewing}}</ref><ref name="Scroggie-1995">{{cite book |title=A Guide to the Gospels |first=W. Graham |last=Scroggie |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8254-9571-7 |page=128 |publisher=[[Kregel Publications]]}}</ref><ref>{{Britannica URL |title=Synoptic Gospels |url=topic/Synoptic-Gospels}}</ref> Chèchè yo jeneralman dakò li enposib jwenn yon relasyon literè dirèk ant levanjil sinoptik yo ak Levanjil Jan an.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Gospel of John |first1=Francis J. |last1=Moloney |first2=Daniel J. |last2=Harrington |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8146-5806-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3 3] |publisher=Liturgical Press |url=https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3}}</ref> Anpil evènman—tankou batèm Jezi, krisifiksyon l ak relasyon l ak [[Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|apot]] li yo—parèt nan levanjil sinoptik yo, men ensidan tankou [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|transfigirasyon an]] ak [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]] Jezi{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}} pa parèt nan Jan, ki diferan tou sou lòt pwen, tankou [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|netwayaj Tanp lan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ladd |first=George E. |title=A Theology of the New Testament |year=1993 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-0680-2 |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907103156/https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil sinoptik yo mete aksan sou diferan aspè Jezi. Nan Mak, Jezi se [[Pitit Bondye (Krisyanis)|Pitit Bondye]] ki gen zèv pwisan yo montre prezans [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Yo prezante l kòm yon moun k ap fè mirak san repo ak sèvitè Bondye kou lèzòm.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Thompson|editor-first1=Frank Charles|title=The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible|publisher=Kirk Bride Bible Company & Zondervan Bible Publishers|year=1983|pages= 1563–1564}}</ref> Kout levanjil sa a anrejistre relativman kèk pawòl oswa gwo ansèyman Jezi.<ref name="May Metzger Mark" /> Levanjil Matye a mete aksan sou lefèt Jezi se akonplisman volonte Bondye jan yo revele l nan Ansyen Testaman an ak Senyè Legliz la.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Matthew|pages=1171–1212}}</ref> Yo prezante l kòm "[[Liyaj davidik|Pitit David]]", yon "wa", ak Mesi a.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" />{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=4–6}} Lik prezante Jezi kòm sovè diven-imen ki montre konpasyon pou moun nan nesesite.<ref name="May Metzger Luke">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=Luke|pages=1240–1285}}</ref> Yo montre l kòm zanmi moun k ap fè peche ak moun yo rejte, ki te vini chèche ak sove moun ki pèdi yo.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Levanjil sa a gen ladan l parabòl byen konnen, tankou [[Bon Samariten an]] ak [[Pitit pèdi a|Pitit Pèdi a]].<ref name="May Metzger Luke" /> [[Pwològ Levanjil Jan an]] idantifye Jezi kòm yon enkanasyon Pawòl divin lan ([[Logos (Krisyanis)|Logos]]).<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn">{{Cite book|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Herbert G. |editor-first2=Bruce M. |editor-last2=Metzger|title=The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha|year=1977|chapter=John|pages=1286–1318}}</ref> Kòm Pawòl la, yo dekri Jezi kòm etènèlman prezan avèk Bondye, aktif nan tout kreyasyon an, ak sous nati moral ak espirityèl limanite.<ref name="MayMetzgerJohn" /> Nan levanjil sa a, yo prezante Jezi kòm pa sèlman pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt imen nan tan pase, men pi gran pase nenpòt pwofèt ki ka egziste: li pa sèlman pale Pawòl Bondye; li se Pawòl Bondye.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi revele wòl divin li piblikman epi yo dekri l kòm [[Pen lavi a]], [[Limyè mond lan]], [[Vrè Pye Rezen an]], ak plis ankò.<ref name="ThompsonPortraits" /> Otè Nouvo Testaman an jeneralman te montre ti enterè pou etabli yon [[Kwonoloji Jezi|kwonoloji]] absoli lavi Jezi oswa pou senkwonize epizòd lavi li ak istwa laïk epòk la.{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}} Jan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#21:25|Jan 21:25]] di l, levanjil yo pa pretann bay yon lis konplè evènman nan lavi Jezi.<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Collins |first=Gerald |title=Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-955787-5 |pages=1–3}}</ref> Yo te ekri istwa yo sitou kòm dokiman teyolojik nan kontèks [[Krisyanis primitif|kretyen primitif]], ak kwonoloji kòm yon konsiderasyon segondè.<ref name="Wiarda75">{{cite book |title=Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology |first=Timothy |last=Wiarda |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8054-4843-6 |pages=75–78 |publisher=B&H}}</ref> Levanjil yo konsakre apeprè yon tyè nan tèks yo a dènye semèn lavi Jezi nan [[Jerizalèm]], ke yo rele [[Pasyon (Krisyanis)|Pasyon an]].<ref name="Turner613">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=David L. |last=Turner |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8010-2684-3 |page=613 |publisher=Baker}}</ref> Yo pa bay ase detay pou satisfè egzijans istoryen modèn yo konsènan dat egzak, men li posib pou tire yon imaj jeneral istwa lavi Jezi nan yo.{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=3}}{{sfn|Rahner|2004|pp=730–731}}<ref name="Wiarda75" /> === Jenealoji ak nesans === {{Main|Jenealoji Jezi|Nativite Jezi}} Jezi te jwif,{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} li te fèt nan [[Mari, manman Jezi|Mari]], madanm [[Sen Jozèf|Jozèf]].<ref>[[Matye 1]]; [[Lik 2]].</ref> Levanjil Matye ak Lik ofri de istwa diferan sou [[Jenealoji|jenealoji]] li. Matye trase zansèt Jezi jiska [[Abraram]] pa [[David]],<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|1:1–16}}.</ref>{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=80–91}} pandan Lik trase zansèt Jezi pa [[Adan]] jiska Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–38}}.</ref>{{sfn|Brown|1978|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC&pg=PA163 163]}} Lis yo idantik ant Abraram ak David men yo diferan anpil apati pwen sa a; Matye gen 27 jenerasyon ant David ak Jozèf, pandan Lik gen 42, ak prèske pa gen okenn non ki parèt nan de lis yo.{{efn|Konpare {{bibleverse|Matthew|1:6–16|NIV}} ak {{bibleverse|Luke|3:23–31|NIV}}. Gade tou {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Konparezon de jenealoji yo}}.}}<ref>{{cite book |last=France |first=R. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |title=The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8028-0063-3 |page=72 |author-link=R. T. France |access-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229004519/https://books.google.com/books?id=ttTgacXnLV8C&pg=PA72 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live}} "From David the two lists diverge, as Matthew follows the line of succession to the throne of Judah from Solomon, whereas Luke's list goes through Nathan, ... and converges with Matthew's only for the two names of Shealtiel and Zerubabbel until Joseph is reached."</ref> Yo pwopoze divès teyori pou eksplike poukisa de jenealoji yo tèlman diferan.{{efn|Pou yon apèsi sou teyori sa yo, gade {{section link|Jenealoji Jezi|Eksplikasyon pou divèjans lan}}.}} [[File:Gerard van Honthorst - Adoration of the Shepherds (1622).jpg|thumb|left|''Adorasyon bèje yo'' pa [[Gerard van Honthorst]], 1622|alt=Yon sèn nesans; gason ak bèt antoure Mari ak Jezi k ap fèk fèt, ki kouvri ak limyè]] Tou de Matye ak Lik dekri nesans Jezi, sitou ke li te fèt nan yon vyèj ki rele Mari nan [[Betleyèm]] pou akonpli [[Pwofesi|pwofesi]]. Istwa Lik la mete aksan sou evènman anvan [[Nesans Jezi|nesans Jezi]] epi li santre sou Mari, pandan istwa Matye a kouvri pi plis evènman apre nesans lan epi li santre sou Jozèf.{{sfn|Mills|Bullard|1998|p=556}}<ref name="marsh37">{{cite book |title=Jesus and the Gospels |last=Marsh |first=Clive |author-last2=Moyise|author-first2= Steve |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-567-04073-2 |page=37 |publisher=Clark International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907095218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Morris|1992|page=26}} Tou de istwa deklare Mari te fiyanse ak yon nonm ki rele Jozèf, ki te desandan Wa David epi ki pat papa byolojik Jezi, epi tou de sipòte doktrin [[Nesans vyèj Jezi|nesans vyèj Jezi a]], dapre sa Jezi te konsevwa nan yon fason mirakilè pa [[Sentespri]] nan vant Mari lè li te toujou vyèj.<ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=David L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |title=A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-85244-224-1 |pages=538–540 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=30–37}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-26036-7 |pages=96–100 |publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> An menm tan, gen prèv, omwen nan ''Travay Apot yo'' Lik la, ke yo te panse Jezi te gen, tankou anpil figi nan ansyènte, yon doub patènite, paske la yo di li desandan nan semans oswa nan rèl David.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lincoln |first=Andrew T. |date=2013 |title=Luke and Jesus' Conception: A Case of Double Paternity? |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=639–658 |jstor=23487891 |issn=0021-9231}}</ref> Lè Jozèf [[Adopsyon nan jidayis|pran Jezi kòm pwòp pitit li]], yo konprann li ba li desandans davidik ki nesesè a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |last1=Lincoln|first1=Andrew T. |title=Conceiving Jesus: re-examining Jesus' conception in canon, Christology, and creed|publisher=The Severn Forum|date=5 March 2015|page= 4 |access-date=2 July 2019 |archive-date=10 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510100248/http://www.thesevernforum.org.uk/palette/lecture_lincoln_2015.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk chèchè ki sigjere Jezi te gen eritaj [[Levit|levit]] nan bò Mari, dapre relasyon san li ak [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]].<ref>For example, {{citation |title=Carmen 18}}</ref> [[File:Bellini-circumcision-NG1455-fm.jpg|thumb|alt=74.9 × 102.2&nbsp;cm|''Sikonsizyon'' pa [[Giovanni Bellini]], {{circa|1500|lk=no}}. Tablo a dekri [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsizyon Jezi]].]] Nan Matye, Jozèf boulvèse paske Mari, fiyanse li, [[Gwosès|ansent]],<ref>[[Matye 1:19]]–[[Matye 1:20|20]].</ref> men nan premye [[Rèv Sen Jozèf|kat rèv Jozèf]], yon zanj asire l pou l pa pè pran Mari kòm madanm li paske pitit li a te konsevwa pa Sentespri.<ref name="Talbert">{{cite book |title=Matthew |first=Charles H. |last=Talbert |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8010-3192-2 |publisher=Baker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |pages=29–30 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan [[Matye 2:1]]–[[Matye 2:12|12]], [[Mag biblik yo|saj]] oswa [[Mag]] ki soti nan [[Oryan]] pote kado bay jenn Jezi kòm [[Jezi, Wa jwif yo|Wa jwif yo]]. Yo jwenn li nan yon kay Betleyèm. [[Ewòd Gran]] tande pale de nesans Jezi epi, tankou li te vle touye l, [[Masak inosan yo|bay lòd pou touye tout ti gason]] nan Betleyèm ak anviwon li. Men, yon zanj avèti Jozèf nan dezyèm rèv li, epi fanmi an [[Sove ale an Ejip|sove ale an Ejip]], answit li retounen epi li etabli nan Nazarèt.<ref name="Talbert" />{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=272–285}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Schnackenburg |first=Rudolf |title=The Gospel of Matthew |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8028-4438-5 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |pages=9–11 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052207/https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Lik 1:31–38, Mari aprann nan men zanj [[Gabriyèl]] ke l ap konsevwa epi bay nesans a yon pitit ki rele Jezi atravè aksyon Sentespri.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> Lè Mari prèt pou akouche, li menm ak Jozèf vwayaje soti nan Nazarèt pou ale nan vil zansèt Jozèf, Betleyèm, pou anrejistre nan resansman [[Sezar Ogis]] te bay lòd fè a. Pandan yo la, Mari bay Jezi nesans, epi kòm yo pa jwenn plas nan oberj la, li mete ti bebe a nan yon [[Manje bèt|manje bèt]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:1–7}}.</ref> Yon [[Anons bay bèje yo|zanj anonse nesans lan bay yon gwoup bèje]], ki ale Betleyèm pou wè Jezi epi answit gaye nouvèl la toupatou.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:8–20}}.</ref> Lik 2:21 rakonte kijan Jozèf ak Mari [[Sikonsizyon Jezi|sikonsi ti bebe a nan wityèm jou apre nesans]] epi bay li non Jezi, jan Gabriyèl te kòmande Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:21}}.</ref> Apre [[Prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan|prezantasyon Jezi nan Tanp lan]], Jozèf, Mari ak Jezi retounen Nazarèt.<ref name="marsh37" /><ref name="Jeffrey" /> === Premye ane, fanmi ak pwofesyon === [[File:William Holman Hunt - The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''[[Jwenn Sovè a nan Tanp lan]]'' pa [[William Holman Hunt]], 1860|alt=Mari ak Jozèf jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan]] Levanjil Lik ak Matye idantifye Nazarèt, yon vil nan [[Galile]] ki nan [[Izrayèl]] jodi a, kòm kay anfans Jezi, kote li te viv ak fanmi li. Byenke Jozèf parèt nan deskripsyon anfans Jezi, pa gen okenn mansyon sou li apre sa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Perrotta |first=Louise B. |title=Saint Joseph: His Life and His Role in the Church Today |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87973-573-9 |pages=21, 110–112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Reverend Archdeacon Kinane |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138 |title=Saint Joseph: His Life, His Virtues, His Privileges, His Power |page=138 |chapter=Section VI – The perpetual virginity of St. Joseph |publisher=Aeterna Press|access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230526/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmUhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Lòt manm fanmi li yo, gen ladan yo manman l Mari; [[Frè Jezi yo|kat frè li yo]], [[Jak, frè Jezi|Jak]], [[Jozès, frè Jezi|Jozès (oswa Jozèf)]], [[Jid, frè Jezi|Jid]] ak [[Simon, frè Jezi|Simon]]; ak sè li yo ki pa gen non, mansyone nan Levanjil yo ak lòt sous.<ref>{{cite book |title=Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth |last=Aslan |first=Reza |author-link=Reza Aslan |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |page=[https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756 36] |isbn=978-1-4000-6922-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso00reza/page/756}}</ref> Yo rele grann ak granpapa Jezi nan bò manman l [[Jowakim]] ak [[Sen Ann|Ann]] nan [[Levanjil Jak|Levanjil Jak la]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Brownrigg |first=Ronald |title=Who's Who in the New Testament |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim |page=194 |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1-134-50949-2 |access-date=31 March 2023 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309230540/https://books.google.com/books?id=JXqBAgAAQBAJ&q=joachim#v=snippet&q=joachim&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Lik la anrejistre ke Mari te fanmi [[Elizabèt (figi biblik)|Elizabèt]], manman Jan Batis.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Luke|1:5, 36|KJV}}.</ref> Gen kèk sous ekstrabiblik kontanporen ki konsidere Jezi ak Jan Batis kòm kouzen jèmen, sou baz kwayans Elizabèt te pitit fi [[Sobe (sè Sen Ann)|Sobe]], sè Ann.<ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 97.1325.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 120.189.</ref><ref>[[Patrologia Graeca|PG]] 145.760 ([[Nicephorus Callistus|Nicéphore Callistus]], ''Historia ecclesiastica'', 2.3).</ref> Levanjil Mak rapòte ke nan kòmansman [[Ministè Jezi|ministè li]], Jezi antre an konfli ak vwazen ak fanmi li.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=270–272}} Manman l ak frè l yo vin chèche l<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:31–35}}.</ref> paske moun ap di [[Sante mantal Jezi|li pèdi tèt li]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|3:21}}.</ref> Jezi reponn ke disip li yo se vre fanmi li. Nan Levanjil Jan an, Jezi ak manman l ale nan yon [[Nòs Kana|nòs Kana]], kote li fè premye mirak li sou demann li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:1–11}}.</ref> Pita, li prezan nan krisifiksyon li, epi li eksprime enkyetid pou byennèt li.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|19:25–27}}.</ref> Yo rele Jezi yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} ({{tlit|grc|[[tektōn]]}}) nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#6:3|Mak 6:3]], yon tèm ke yo tradisyonèlman konprann kòm "bòs bòs" men ki ka refere tou a moun ki fabrike objè nan divès materyo, ladan yo konstriktè.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry G. |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |title=An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon: The Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek–English Lexicon |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1889 |page=797}}</ref>{{sfn|Dickson|2008|pp=68–69}} Kòm tèm nan gen yon gwo laj siyifikasyon ak "reyalite sosyo-istorik yon {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} nazarèn komen", Matthew K. Robinson, yon minis ak akademisyen, prefere tradui {{lang|grc|τέκτων}} kòm 'konstriktè-atizan'.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Matthew K. |title="Is This Not the Τέκτων?": Revisiting Jesus's Vocation in Mark 6:3 |journal=Neotestamentica |date=2021 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=431–445 |doi=10.1353/neo.2021.0038}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Robinson |url=https://www.theology.ox.ac.uk/people/matthew-robinson |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> Levanjil yo endike Jezi te kapab li, parafraze ak diskite Ekriti yo, men sa pa nesesèman vle di li te resevwa yon fòmasyon fòmèl kòm eskrib.<ref>{{Atik ansiklopedik|year=2001 |title=Context, family and formation |encyclopedia=Cambridge companion to Jesus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |access-date=14 August 2015 |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |editor-last=Bockmuehl |editor-first=Markus N. A. |pages=14, 21 |isbn=978-0-521-79678-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907175830/https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |url-status=live|doi=10.1017/CCOL0521792614.002}}</ref> Levanjil Lik rapòte de vwayaj Jezi ak paran li nan Jerizalèm pandan anfans li. Yo vin nan [[Tanp Jerizalèm]] pou [[Prezantasyon Jezi|prezantasyon Jezi]] kòm ti bebe an akò ak lalwa jwif la, kote yon nonm ki rele [[Simeyon (Levanjil Lik)|Simeyon]] fè yon pwofesi sou Jezi ak Mari.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:22–35}}.</ref> Lè Jezi, a laj douz an, pèdi nan yon pèlerinaj Jerizalèm pou [[Pak jwif|Pak jwif la]], paran li jwenn li nan [[Jwenn Jezi nan Tanp lan|Tanp lan]] chita nan mitan metèd yo, k ap koute yo epi poze kesyon, epi moun yo sezi pou entèlijans li ak repons li yo. Mari repwoche Jezi paske li te pèdi, epi Jezi reponn li dwe "nan kay Papa l".<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|2:41–52}}.</ref> === Batèm ak tantasyon === {{Main|Batèm Jezi|Tantasyon Kris}} [[File:El bautismo de Jesús, por José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Batèm Jezi|Batèm Kris]] pa [[Jan Batis]]'', pa [[Almeida Júnior]], 1895|alt=Jan batize Jezi. Sentespri a, an fòm yon toutrèl, anwo l.]] [[Levanjil sinoptik yo]] dekri [[Batèm Jezi|batèm Jezi]] nan [[Rivyè Jouden|Rivyè Jouden an]] ak [[Tantasyon Kris|tantasyon li te fè fas]] pandan karant jou li te pase nan [[Dezè Jide a]] kòm preparasyon pou ministè piblik li.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sheen |first=Fulton J. |title=Life of Christ |year=2008 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-385-52699-9 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165309/https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan chak istwa sa yo, istwa batèm Jezi a vini apre enfòmasyon sou Jan Batis.{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Köstenberger|Kellum|Quarles|2009|pp=141–143}}{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}} Yo montre Jan k ap preche repantans pou padon peche, ankouraje moun bay [[Lamòn|lamòn]] bay malere,<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke||3:11}}.</ref> batize moun nan rejyon Rivyè Jouden an anviwon [[Pere]], epi anonse vini yon moun "ki pi pwisan" pase l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:16}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Eerdmans commentary on the Bible |first1=James D. G. |last1=Dunn |first2=John W. |last2=Rogerson |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0 |page=1010 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> [[File:Ary Scheffer - The Temptation of Christ (1854).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Jezi ak Dyab la dekri nan ''[[Tantasyon Kris|Tantasyon Kris la]]'', pa [[Ary Scheffer]], 1854]] Nan Levanjil Mak, Jan Batis batize Jezi, epi lè Jezi soti nan dlo a, li wè [[Sentespri]] ap desann sou li tankou yon toutrèl, epi yon vwa soti nan syèl la pou deklare l Pitit Bondye.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:9–11}}.</ref> Se youn nan de evènman Levanjil yo dekri kote yon vwa ki soti nan Syèl la refere a Jezi kòm "Pitit", lòt la se [[Transfigirasyon Jezi|Transfigirasyon an]].{{sfn|Lee|2004|pp=21–30}}<ref name="Nobbs">{{cite book |last1=Harding|first1=Mark|title=The Content and the Setting of the Gospel Tradition|last2=Nobbs|first2=Alanna|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8028-3318-1|pages=281–282}}</ref> Answit Lespri a pouse l ale nan dezè a, kote [[Satan]] tante l.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:12–13}}.</ref> Apre arestasyon Jan, Jezi kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:14}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Matye, lè Jezi vin kote Jan pou l batize, Jan pwoteste, li di, "Se mwen ki bezwen batize pa ou."<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:14}}.</ref> Jezi di l pou l kontinye ak batèm lan "pou nou akonpli tout jistis".<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|3:15}}.</ref> Answit Matye rakonte twa tantasyon espesifik Satan ofri Jezi nan dezè a.<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|4:3–11}}.</ref> Nan Levanjil Lik, Sentespri a desann an fòm kò, tankou yon toutrèl, apre tout pèp la fin batize epi pandan Jezi ap [[Prayers of Jesus|priye]].<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|3:21–22}}.</ref> Pita, Jan rekonèt Jezi implicitman lè li voye disip li yo poze kesyon sou li.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|7:18–23}}.</ref> Lik dekri tou twa tantasyon Jezi te fè eksperyans nan dezè a anvan li kòmanse ministè li nan Galile.<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|4:1–14}}.</ref> Levanjil Jan an pa rakonte batèm ak tantasyon Jezi.{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|loc=Jesus Christ}} Pito, Jan Batis temwaye ke li wè Lespri a desann epi rete sou Jezi.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:32}}.</ref>{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&pg=PA292 292]}} Jan pwoklame Jezi piblikman kòm [[Ti Mouton Bondye a]], epi kèk nan disip Jan yo vin disip Jezi.{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=17–62}} Anvan yo mete Jan nan prizon, Jezi mennen disip li yo batize,<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:22–24}}.</ref> epi yo batize plis moun pase Jan.<ref>{{bibleverse|John|4:1}}.</ref> === <span class="anchor" id="Ministry"></span> Ministè piblik === <!-- Anchor names for incoming section link(s) from other page(s) --> {{Main|Ministè Jezi}} [[File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg|thumb|''Diskou sou mòn lan'', pa [[Carl Bloch]], 1877, dekri [[Diskou sou mòn lan|diskou enpòtan Jezi a]].|alt=Jezi chita sou yon mòn, k ap preche yon foul moun]] Levanjil sinoptik yo dekri de gwo kad jewografik nan ministè Jezi. Premye a se Galile, nan nò [[Jide]], kote Jezi fè yon ministè ki gen gwo siksè; dezyèm lan se Jerizalèm, kote yo rejte l epi touye l.<ref name="ISBEO">{{cite web |year=1939 |editor-last=Orr |editor-first=James |title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online |url=http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817024703/http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans}}</ref> Souvan yo rele l "[[Rabi|rabi]]",<ref name="ISBEO" /> Jezi bay mesaj li oralman.<ref name="Dunn2013">{{cite book |last=Dunn |first=James D. G. |title=The Oral Gospel Tradition |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=2013 |pages=290–291}}</ref> Nan istwa sa yo, li entèdi moun ki rekonèt li kòm mesi a—ladan yo moun li geri ak move lespri li ekzòsize yo—pale sou sa (gade [[Sekrè mesyanik|Sekrè mesyanik la]]).{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=285–296}} Kontrèman, Levanjil Jan an prezante ministè Jezi kòm ki te fèt sitou nan ak alantou Jerizalèm olye de nan Galile, epi nati divin li pwoklame ak rekonèt pi ouvètman.{{sfn|Harris|1985|pp=302–310}} Chèchè yo souvan divize ministè Jezi an plizyè etap. Ministè nan Galile a kòmanse lè Jezi retounen Galile apati [[Dezè Jide a]] apre li fin reziste tantasyon [[Satan]]. Answit li preche toupatou nan Galile, epi nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–20]], [[Premye disip Jezi yo|premye disip li yo]]—ki pita pral fòme nwayo Legliz la—rankontre l epi kòmanse swiv li.{{sfn|McGrath|2006|pp=16–22}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}} Peryòd sa a gen ladan l [[Diskou sou mòn lan]], youn nan gwo diskou Jezi yo,{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=117–130}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermon on the mount: a theological investigation |first=Carl G. |last=Vaught |year=2001 |publisher=Baylor University Press |isbn=978-0-918954-76-3 |pages=xi–xiv}}</ref> ansanm ak [[Kalme tanpèt la|kalmman tanpèt la]], [[Miltiplikasyon pen yo pou 5 000 moun|manje 5 000 moun yo]], [[Jezi mache sou dlo|mache sou dlo]], ak plizyè lòt mirak ak [[Parabòl Jezi|parabòl]].{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=143–160}} Li fini ak [[Konfesyon Pyè|Konfesyon Pyè a]] ak Transfigirasyon an.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Transfiguration, The |encyclopedia=The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Thought: Son of Man-Tremellius V11 |isbn=978-1-4286-3189-2 |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls |year=1909 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |page=493 |last=Nash |first=Henry S. |editor-first=Samuel M. |editor-last=Jackson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052036/https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Barton132">{{cite book |last=Barton |first=Stephen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994 |title=The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels |date=23 November 2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80766-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00bart_994/page/n138 132]–133 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pandan Jezi ap vwayaje pou Jerizalèm, nan sa yo souvan rele ministè Pere a, li retounen nan rejyon kote yo te batize l la, apeprè yon tyè wout pou desann soti nan [[Lak Galile|Lak Galile a]] sou Rivyè Jouden an.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#10:40|Jan 10:40–42]].</ref>{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|p=137}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=211–229}} [[Ministè Jezi#Final ministry in Jerusalem|Dènye faz ministè li a]], nan Jerizalèm, kòmanse ak [[Antre triyonfal nan Jerizalèm|antre triyonfal li]] nan vil la nan [[Dimanch Ram]].{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}} Nan Levanjil sinoptik yo, pandan semèn sa a Jezi [[Netwayaj Tanp lan|chase machann lajan yo]] nan [[Dezyèm Tanp lan]], epi [[Maché Jida a|Jida fè yon maché pou trayi]] li. Peryòd sa a kilmine nan [[Dènye Soupe a]] epi, nan istwa Jan an, nan [[Diskou orevwa a]].{{sfn|Blomberg|2009|pp=224–229}}{{sfn|Cox|Easley|2007|pp=155–170}}{{sfn|Redford|2007|pp=257–274}} ==== Disip ak swivan ==== {{Main|Apot nan Nouvo Testaman an|Voye douz apot yo}} [[File:Brooklyn Museum - The Exhortation to the Apostles (Recommandation aux apôtres) - James Tissot.jpg|thumb|''Egzòtasyon bay apot yo'', pa [[James Tissot]], dekri Jezi k ap pale ak douz disip li yo.]] Nan kòmansman ministè li, Jezi [[Voye douz apot yo|chwazi douz apot]]. Nan Matye ak Mak, Jezi rele kat premye apot li yo, ki se pechè, epi yo dekri yo kite filè yo imedyatman pou swiv li.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#4:18|Matye 4:18–22]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#1:16|Mak 1:16–20]].</ref> Nan Jan, de premye apot Jezi yo te disip Jan Batis okòmansman; Batis la wè Jezi epi rele l Ti Mouton Bondye a, epi de moun yo, ki tande sa, kòmanse swiv Jezi.{{sfn|Brown|1988|pp=25–27}}{{sfn|Boring|Craddock|2004|pp=292–293}} Anplis douz apot yo, entwodiksyon [[Diskou sou plenn nan]] nan Lik idantifye yon gwoup moun ki pi gran kòm disip.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#6:17|Lik 6:17]].</ref> Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#10:1|Lik 10:1–16]], Jezi voye [[Swasanndis disip yo|70 oswa 72 swivan li yo]] de pa de pou prepare vil yo pou vizit li yo pral fè: yo enstwi yo pou yo aksepte òspitalite, geri malad yo, epi pwoklame [[Wayòm Bondye a]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=The Gospel According to Luke |encyclopedia=New Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament |publisher=Liturgical Press |year=2009 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |page=255 |first=Michael F. |last=Patella |editor-first=Daniel |editor-last=Durken |isbn=978-0-8146-3260-4 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910044704/https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== <span class="anchor" id="Teachings and preachings"></span> Ansèyman ak mirak ==== [[File:Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg|thumb|''[[Jezi ak jenn gason rich la]]'' pa [[Heinrich Hofmann (painter)|Heinrich Hofmann]], 1889]] Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, Jezi anseye anpil—souvan nan [[Parabòl|parabòl]]{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|pp=316–346}}—sou Wayòm Bondye a. Jezi pale tou de "[[Pitit Lonm nan]]", yon figi [[Apokalips|apokaliptik]] ki pral vin rasanble moun yo chwazi yo.<ref name="Britannica" /> Jezi mande moun repanti de peche yo epi devwe tèt yo antyèman a Bondye.<ref name="Britannica">{{Britannica |id=303091 |title=Jesus Christ |first1=E.&nbsp;P. |last1=Sanders |first2=Jaroslav J. |last2=Pelikan}}</ref> Li enstwi disip li yo pou yo respekte [[Lalwa jwif la|lalwa jwif la]], byenke gen kèk nan moun ki te viv ansanm avè l ki wè l kòm moun ki vyole lalwa a li menm, pa egzanp nan [[Saba|obsèvans saba a]].<ref name="Britannica" /> Lè yo mande l ki [[Gran kòmandman an|pi gran kòmandman an]], Jezi reponn: "Se pou ou renmen Senyè Bondye ou ak tout kè ou, ak tout nanm ou, ak tout lespri ou ... Epi yon dezyèm ki sanble ak li: 'Se pou ou renmen pwochen ou tankou tèt ou.{{'"}}<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#22:37|Matye 22:37–39]].</ref> Lòt ansèyman etik ki atribiye a Jezi gen ladan yo [[Matye 5:44|renmen lènmi ou yo]], abstni nan [[Rayisman|rayisman]] ak [[Konvwatiz|konvwatiz]], [[Prezante lòt jou a|prezante lòt jou a]], ak [[Padon|padone]] moun ki fè nou peche.<ref>[[Diskou sou mòn lan|Matye 5–7]].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stassen |first1=Glen H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |title=Kingdom Ethics: Following Jesus in Contemporary Context |last2=Gushee |first2=David P. |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8308-2668-1 |pages=102–103, 138–140, 197–198, 295–298 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226062140/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C |archive-date=26 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Levanjil Jan an prezante ansèyman Jezi pa sèlman kòm pwòp predikasyon li men kòm [[Revelasyon|revelasyon]] divin. Pa egzanp, Jan Batis di nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#3:34|Jan 3:34]]: "Moun Bondye voye a pale pawòl Bondye, paske li bay Lespri a san mezi." Nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#7:16|Jan 7:16]], Jezi di, "Ansèyman mwen an pa pou mwen men pou moun ki voye m lan." Li repete sa nan [[s:Bible (American Standard)/John#14:10|Jan 14:10]]: "Eske nou pa kwè mwen nan Papa a epi Papa a nan mwen? Pawòl mwen di nou yo, mwen pa di yo pou kont mwen; men se Papa a ki rete nan mwen an ki fè zèv li yo."<ref name="Osborn-1993" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Köstenberger |first=Andreas J. |title=The missions of Jesus and the disciples according to the Fourth Gospel |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8028-4255-8 |pages=108–109}}</ref> [[File:Pompeo Batoni 003.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|''[[Pitit pèdi a|Retou Pitit pèdi a]]'' pa [[Pompeo Batoni]], 1773]] Apeprè 30 parabòl reprezante anviron yon tyè nan ansèyman Jezi anrejistre yo.<ref name="Osborn-1993">{{cite book |first=Eric F. |last=Osborn |year=1993 |title=The emergence of Christian theology |url=https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo |url-access=limited |isbn=978-0-521-43078-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo/page/n115 98] |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1998 |title=The parables of Jesus: lessons in life from the Master Teacher |isbn=978-0-8254-9715-5 |page=10 |publisher=Kregel}}</ref> Parabòl yo parèt toude andedan sèmon ki pi long ak nan lòt kote nan naratif la.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Sermons of Jesus the Messiah |first=E. Keith |last=Howick |year=2003 |publisher=WindRiver |isbn=978-1-886249-02-8 |pages=7–9}}</ref> Yo souvan gen senbolis ladan yo epi tipikman yo konekte aspè mond fizik la ak reyalite [[Espirityalite|espirityèl]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Friedrich G. |last=Lisco |year=1850 |title=The Parables of Jesus |publisher=Daniels and Smith Publishers |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ/page/n12 9]–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OoIuAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Ashton |last=Oxenden |year=1864 |title=The parables of our Lord? |publisher=William Macintosh Publishers |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ/page/n15 6] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5bUCAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Tèm komen yo gen ladan yo bonte ak jenerozite Bondye, ansanm ak danje ak konsekans transgresyon.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |title=Interpreting the Parables |publisher=InterVarsity |year=2012 |page=448 |isbn=978-0-8308-3967-4 |first=Craig L. |last=Blomberg |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910175429/https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448 |url-status=live}}</ref> Gen kèk parabòl, tankou sa [[Pitit pèdi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#15:11|Lik 15:11–32]].</ref> ki relativman senp, pandan gen lòt, tankou [[Parabòl grenn k ap grandi a|Grenn k ap grandi a]],<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark#4:26|Mak 4:26–29]].</ref> ki pi konplèks, pwofon epi difisil pou entèprete.<ref>{{cite web |first=Madeleine I. |last=Boucher |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |title=The Parables |website=Frontline|publisher=PBS |access-date=3 June 2013 |archive-date=10 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810144100/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Lè disip li yo mande l poukisa li pale ak pèp la an parabòl, Jezi reponn disip li chwazi yo te resevwa dwa "konnen sekrè Wayòm syèl la", kontrèman ak rès yo, epi li ajoute: "Paske moun ki genyen, y ap bay li plis epi li pral gen anpil. Men moun ki pa genyen, y ap retire menm sa li genyen an", epi li kontinye di ke pifò nan jenerasyon yo a gen "kè di" epi pou sa yo pa kapab konprann.<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#13:10|Matye 13:10–17]].</ref> [[File:Christ cleans leper man.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Jezi geri yon lèp|Jezi ap geri yon lèp]], [[Mozayik|mozayik]] medyeval nan [[Katedral Monreale]], fen 12yèm syèk jiska mitan 13yèm syèk|alt=Jezi, ak yon oreyòl alantou tèt li, poze men l sou yon lèp, konsa li geri l]] Nan istwa levanjil yo, Jezi konsakre yon bon pati nan ministè li pou fè [[Mirak|mirak]], sitou gerizon.{{sfn|Green|McKnight |Marshall|1992|p=299}} Souvan yo klase mirak sa yo an de gwo kategori: mirak gerizon ak mirak sou nati.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=350}}{{sfn|Levine|2006|p=4}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Charlesworth |first1=James H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |title=The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide |date=2008 |publisher=Abingdon Press |isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6 |page=113 |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221947/https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak gerizon yo gen ladan yo gerizon maladi fizik, [[Ekzòsis|ekzòsis]],{{sfn|Witherington|1997|p=113}}{{sfn|Theissen|Merz|1998|p=298}} ak [[Mirak Jezi#Resurrection of the dead|rezirèksyon mò yo]].{{sfn|Green|McKnight|Marshall|1992|p=300}}<ref name="Oxford Companion" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Tabor |first=James |date=22 March 2013 |title=What the Bible Says About Death, Afterlife, and the Future |url=https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823115040/https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/james-tabor/ancient-judaism/death-afterlife-future/ |archive-date=23 August 2016 |access-date=13 June 2015 |publisher=UNCC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hoekema |first=Anthony A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |title=The Bible and the Future |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-85364-624-2 |pages=88–89 |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221946/https://books.google.com/books?id=c2yT_7xw35sC |archive-date=8 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirak sou nati yo montre otorite sou mond natirèl la epi yo gen ladan yo [[Chanje dlo an diven|chanje dlo an diven]], mache sou dlo, ak kalme yon tanpèt, pami lòt. Jezi atribiye mirak li yo a yon sous divin. Lè opozan l yo akize l chase move lespri ak pouvwa [[Belzebi]], prens move lespri yo, li reponn li fè sa pa "Lespri Bondye" ([[s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew#12:28|Matye 12:28]]) oswa "dwèt Bondye", e li di li ta ilojik pou Satan mine pwòp domèn li; li mande tou, si li ekzòsize pa Belzebi, "pa ki moun pitit nou yo chase yo?"<ref>[[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke#11:20|Lik 11:20]].</ref><ref name="Britannica" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |title=Zondervan King James Version Commentary: New Testament |last2=Mitchell |first2=Daniel R. |publisher=Zondervan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-310-25150-7 |page=100 |first1=Edward E. |last1=Hindson |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910171333/https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nan Matye 12:31–32, li di anplis ke byenke tout kalite peche, ladan yo "ensilt kont Bondye" oswa "ensilt kont Pitit Lonm nan", ka padone, blasfèm kont "[[Sentespri]] la" p ap janm padone, epi moun ki koupab yo pote peche yo pou tout tan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 12:31-32 - New International Version|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2012%3A31-32&version=NIV|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=30 January 2026}}</ref> Nan Jan, yo dekri mirak Jezi yo kòm "siy", ke li fè pou montre misyon ak idantite li.<ref name="Sign" />{{sfn|Ehrman|2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusinterrupted00ehrm_0/page/84 84]}} Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, lè kèk metèd lalwa ak farizyen mande l yon siy mirakilè pou valide otorite li, Jezi refize,<ref name="Sign">{{cite book |title=Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology |year=2001 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=978-0-8028-3717-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 198] |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingnewte00paul/page/198 |first1=Paul J. |last1=Achtemeier |first2=Joel B. |last2=Green |first3=Marianne M. |last3=Thompson}}</ref> li di pa pral gen okenn siy pou yon jenerasyon koripte ak mechan eksepte siy pwofèt [[Jonas]] la. Nan levanjil sinoptik yo, foul moun yo anjeneral reponn ak mirak li yo ak sezisman epi yo prese sou li pou l geri malad yo, pandan nan Jan, yo dekri Jezi kòm mwens bride pa foul yo, ki souvan reponn siy li yo ak lafwa ak konfyans.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|p=236}} Yon karakteristik komen nan tout naratif mirak yo se ke Jezi fè yo gratis epi li pa mande ni aksepte peman.<ref>{{cite book |last=van der Loos |first=Hendrik |title=The Miracles Of Jesus |year=1965 |publisher=Brill |page=197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910165838/https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 |url-status=live}}</ref> Istwa mirak yo souvan melanje ak ansèyman, epi mirak yo menm souvan gen yon dimansyon [[Metòd didaktik|didaktik]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The words and works of Jesus Christ |first=J. Dwight |last=Pentecost |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-310-30940-6 |page=212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |publisher=Zondervan |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910063513/https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Twelftree|1999 |p=95}} Anpil ladan yo mete aksan sou enpòtans lafwa: nan [[Geri dis lèp yo|geri dis lèp yo]] ak [[Leve pitit fi Jayis la|leve pitit fi Jayis la]], pa egzanp, yo di moun ki benefisye yo ke gerizon yo soti nan lafwa yo.{{sfn|Donahue|Harrington |2002|p=182}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Lockyer |first=Herbert |year=1988 |title=All the Miracles of the Bible |isbn=978-0-310-28101-6 |page=235 |publisher=Zondervan}}</ref> Nan ''A Marginal Jew'', chèchè [[John P. Meier]] defann ke "tradisyon mirak sou ministè piblik Jezi yo deja tèlman byen ateste nan divès sous" ke nenpòt "fabrikasyon total pa premye Legliz la, pale an pratik, enposib". Li baze sa sou sous literè tankou Levanjil Matye, Lik ak Jan, ansanm ak ekri istoryen Jozèf (Josephus). Meier sipoze ke "kritè atestasyon miltip sous ak fòm" sipòte konklizyon ke Jezi te fè "zèv eksepsyonèl" ke kontanporen li yo te konsidere kòm mirak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=John Meier |url=http://archive.org/details/Marginal-Jew_vol-2_Meier_1994 |title=A Marginal Jew/Маргинальный еврей |date=November 1994}}</ref> Chèchè [[Paul J. Achtemeier]] sipoze ke mirak sa yo pat inik a Jezi nan mond ansyen an epi yo te konsidere yo kòm ambigi menm pa temwen ki te wè yo. Li note ke Jezi gen chans te fè zèv yo te konprann kòm ekzòsis, ki te "aksepte kòm reyalite pa kontanporen li yo", men yo pa ta dwe konsidere yo kòm gen "valè prèv konsènan Jezi", paske temwen yo te kapab reklame li t ap travay swa ak Satan swa ak Bondye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Achtemeier |first=Paul J. |date=1975 |title=Miracles and the Historical Jesus: A Study of Mark 9:14-29 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43714056 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=471–491 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> Chèchè [[Gregory Sterling]] obsève ke, nan ka sipoze ekzòsis Jezi yo, "Pou Galileyen premye syèk la ki te kwè nan prezans pèsonèl mal an fòm move lespri, zèv Jezi a te yon validasyon ministè li."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sterling |first=Gregory E. |date=1993 |title=Jesus as Exorcist: An Analysis of Matthew 17:14-20; Mark 9:14-29; Luke 9:37-43a |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43721315 |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=467–493 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> === Referans === {{reflist|colwidth=20em}} nkc532t5q2u2x71ifggchjq8mlem117 Islam 0 2492 889149 889094 2026-10-23T04:26:33Z Kitanago 19629 Kitanago a déplacé la page [[Islamis]] vers [[Islam]] sans laisser de redirection : Tit la mal òtografye 889094 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:IslamSymbol.PNG|thumb|Senbòl Islam]] Islam se yon [[monoteyis]] Abrahamic relijyon ak atikile pa koran la, yon tèks konsidere ke aderan li yo yo dwe pawòl Bondye a motamo nan Bondye (arab: الله Allah) ak yon bagay ke ansèyman yo ak egzanp normatif (yo rele Sunnah a ak konpoze de adit) nan Muhammad, konsidere ke yo fè pwofèt la sot pase yo nan Bondye. Yon pratikan nan Islam yo te rele yon mizilman.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/77243/the-saheeh-sunnah-is-wahy-(revelation)-from-allah|title=The saheeh Sunnah is wahy (Revelation) from Allah|website=islamqa.info|access-date=15 June 2025}}</ref><ref>Mir, Mustansir. (1995). "Tafsīr". In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> Mizilman kwè sa a, Bondye a se youn ak inik ak bi pou yo egzistans la se bay renmen ak sèvi Bondye. Sa Mizilman kwè Islam tou se vèsyon an konplè epi inivèsèl nan yon konfyans orijinèl revele ke te nan anpil fwa ak kote anvan, avèk tou atravè Abraram Moyiz, li Jezi, moun yo te Konsidere mesaj pwofèt yo. Yo kenbe mesaj anvan ak revelasyon yo te pasyèlman chanje oswa pèvèti sou tan, men Konsidere koran la yo dwe Tou de inaltere la ak revelasyon final la nan Bondye. Konsèp ak pratik relijye gen ladan poto yo senk nan Islam, Ki se konsèp debaz ak zak obligatwa pou adore, ak Apre lalwa Islamik, Ki moun lan manyen sou Pwatikman aspè chak nan lavi yo ak sosyete a, bay konsèy sou sijè multiples soti nan bankè yo ak byennèt sosyal, lagè ak anviwònman an.<ref name="pew2010–2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/|title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020. Muslims grew fastest; Christians lagged behind global population increase|date=June 9, 2025|publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]|access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020|author2=Marcin Stonawski|date=2025-06-09|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=2025-06-10|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy|author1=Conrad Hackett}}</ref> Majorite nan yo se Mizilman Sunni, yo te 75-90% nan tout Mizilman. rèd nan dezyèm pi gwo, chiit, fè moute 10-20%. Plis abitan Mizilman-Majorite peyi a se lakay Endonezi 12.7% de Mizilman nan mond lan ki te swiv pa Pakistan (11.0%), [[Bangladèch]] (9.2%), ak peyi Lejip (4.9%). minoritè dimensionnable yo tou yo te jwenn nan Zend, peyi Lachin , Lawisi, ak kèk pati nan Ewòp. Avèk About 1.6 1.7 milya dola disip oswa 22 a 24% moun nan popilasyon latè a, Islam se dezyèm pi gwo a ak youn nan relijyon yo plus ap grandi nan mond lan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://azanly.com/salah/|title=Salah: The Ultimate Guide to Islamic Prayer|website=Azanly|language=en-US|access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Pifò konplè serye Islam nan konsèp debaz se monoteism, ki rele Tawhid (arab: توحيد). , Se Bondye ki dekri nan chapit 112 nan koran la kòm: [25] "Di: se Bondye li ye, Youn la ak sèlman, Bondye, Etènèl la, absoli a, li vin fè pa, ni se li anjandre, Epi pa gen tankou l l '. "(112:1-4) Mizilman yo repouse doktrin nan Trinité kretyen nan la ak divinite nan Jezi, Konparezon li nan politeyis, men asepte Jezikri kòm yon pwofèt. Nan Islam, Bondye di a se pi lwen pase tout konpreyansyon ak Mizilman pa oblije visualized Bondye. , Se Bondye ki Dekri epi refere yo bay nan non Sèten oswa atribi, ki pi komen ke yo te Al-Rahman, sa vle di "swayan nan" ak Al-Rahim, sa vle di "Mercl la" (Gade Non Bondye a nan Islam). <ref name="Lane-Lexicon-4">{{cite book|last=Lane|first=Edward William|author-link=Edward William Lane|title=An Arabic-English Lexicon|volume=4|chapter=Siin|url=http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907230044/http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm|archive-date=2011-09-07|via=[[The Study Quran|StudyQuran]]|access-date=2026-03-20|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Haywood|first=John|title=Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (AD 600 - 1492)|publisher=Barnes & Noble, Inc.|year=2002|isbn=0-7607-1975-6|edition=1st|location=Spain|pages=3.13|language=en}}</ref> Mizilman kwè ke se kreyasyon nan tout bagay nan linivè a te pote nan yo te dapre lòd absoli Bondye a "'Fè' ak kidonk li se." ak Sa bi pou yo egzistans la se bay renmen ak sèvi Bondye. li se wè li kòm yon bondye ki anplwaye Reponn Chak fwa yon moun ki nan bezwen oswa detrès rele l '. pa gen okenn intermédiaires, tankou pè, pastè, yo kontakte Bondye ki deklare "Nou se pi pre l' pase (l ') jugulèr venn " Allah se yon tèm la ki pa gen okenn pliryèl oswa sèks itilize pa Mizilman ak arab ki pale kretyen ak jwif referans Bondye, pandan y ap ʾ ilah (arab: إله). Se yon tèm ke yo itilize pou yon Divinite oswa yon bondye an jeneral Lòt ki pa Arab Mizilman ta ka sèvi ak non diferan, leplis ke yo Allah, pou "Tanrı" egzanp nan Tik oswa "Khoda" nan Pèsik == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * {{Cite web|access-date=7 jiyè 2019|url=http://iesr.ephe.psl.eu/ressources-pedagogiques/comptes-rendus-ouvrages|title=Comptes rendus d'ouvrages portant sur l'islam|archive-date=2019-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721202846/http://iesr.ephe.psl.eu/ressources-pedagogiques/comptes-rendus-ouvrages|dead-url=yes}} sou sitwèb "Institut européen en sciences des religions" [[Kategori:Islamis| ]] ssqe0uwbb8fup4yjj2yfx004mzfzxqa 889150 889149 2026-10-23T04:27:05Z Kitanago 19629 Premye mo a an gra 889150 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:IslamSymbol.PNG|thumb|Senbòl Islam]] '''Islam''' se yon [[monoteyis]] Abrahamic relijyon ak atikile pa koran la, yon tèks konsidere ke aderan li yo yo dwe pawòl Bondye a motamo nan Bondye (arab: الله Allah) ak yon bagay ke ansèyman yo ak egzanp normatif (yo rele Sunnah a ak konpoze de adit) nan Muhammad, konsidere ke yo fè pwofèt la sot pase yo nan Bondye. Yon pratikan nan Islam yo te rele yon mizilman.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/77243/the-saheeh-sunnah-is-wahy-(revelation)-from-allah|title=The saheeh Sunnah is wahy (Revelation) from Allah|website=islamqa.info|access-date=15 June 2025}}</ref><ref>Mir, Mustansir. (1995). "Tafsīr". In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> Mizilman kwè sa a, Bondye a se youn ak inik ak bi pou yo egzistans la se bay renmen ak sèvi Bondye. Sa Mizilman kwè Islam tou se vèsyon an konplè epi inivèsèl nan yon konfyans orijinèl revele ke te nan anpil fwa ak kote anvan, avèk tou atravè Abraram Moyiz, li Jezi, moun yo te Konsidere mesaj pwofèt yo. Yo kenbe mesaj anvan ak revelasyon yo te pasyèlman chanje oswa pèvèti sou tan, men Konsidere koran la yo dwe Tou de inaltere la ak revelasyon final la nan Bondye. Konsèp ak pratik relijye gen ladan poto yo senk nan Islam, Ki se konsèp debaz ak zak obligatwa pou adore, ak Apre lalwa Islamik, Ki moun lan manyen sou Pwatikman aspè chak nan lavi yo ak sosyete a, bay konsèy sou sijè multiples soti nan bankè yo ak byennèt sosyal, lagè ak anviwònman an.<ref name="pew2010–2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/|title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020. Muslims grew fastest; Christians lagged behind global population increase|date=June 9, 2025|publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]|access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf|title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020|author2=Marcin Stonawski|date=2025-06-09|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=2025-06-10|author3=Yunping Tong|author4=Stephanie Kramer|author5=Anne Shi|author6=Dalia Fahmy|author1=Conrad Hackett}}</ref> Majorite nan yo se Mizilman Sunni, yo te 75-90% nan tout Mizilman. rèd nan dezyèm pi gwo, chiit, fè moute 10-20%. Plis abitan Mizilman-Majorite peyi a se lakay Endonezi 12.7% de Mizilman nan mond lan ki te swiv pa Pakistan (11.0%), [[Bangladèch]] (9.2%), ak peyi Lejip (4.9%). minoritè dimensionnable yo tou yo te jwenn nan Zend, peyi Lachin , Lawisi, ak kèk pati nan Ewòp. Avèk About 1.6 1.7 milya dola disip oswa 22 a 24% moun nan popilasyon latè a, Islam se dezyèm pi gwo a ak youn nan relijyon yo plus ap grandi nan mond lan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://azanly.com/salah/|title=Salah: The Ultimate Guide to Islamic Prayer|website=Azanly|language=en-US|access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Pifò konplè serye Islam nan konsèp debaz se monoteism, ki rele Tawhid (arab: توحيد). , Se Bondye ki dekri nan chapit 112 nan koran la kòm: [25] "Di: se Bondye li ye, Youn la ak sèlman, Bondye, Etènèl la, absoli a, li vin fè pa, ni se li anjandre, Epi pa gen tankou l l '. "(112:1-4) Mizilman yo repouse doktrin nan Trinité kretyen nan la ak divinite nan Jezi, Konparezon li nan politeyis, men asepte Jezikri kòm yon pwofèt. Nan Islam, Bondye di a se pi lwen pase tout konpreyansyon ak Mizilman pa oblije visualized Bondye. , Se Bondye ki Dekri epi refere yo bay nan non Sèten oswa atribi, ki pi komen ke yo te Al-Rahman, sa vle di "swayan nan" ak Al-Rahim, sa vle di "Mercl la" (Gade Non Bondye a nan Islam). <ref name="Lane-Lexicon-4">{{cite book|last=Lane|first=Edward William|author-link=Edward William Lane|title=An Arabic-English Lexicon|volume=4|chapter=Siin|url=http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907230044/http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm|archive-date=2011-09-07|via=[[The Study Quran|StudyQuran]]|access-date=2026-03-20|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Haywood|first=John|title=Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (AD 600 - 1492)|publisher=Barnes & Noble, Inc.|year=2002|isbn=0-7607-1975-6|edition=1st|location=Spain|pages=3.13|language=en}}</ref> Mizilman kwè ke se kreyasyon nan tout bagay nan linivè a te pote nan yo te dapre lòd absoli Bondye a "'Fè' ak kidonk li se." ak Sa bi pou yo egzistans la se bay renmen ak sèvi Bondye. li se wè li kòm yon bondye ki anplwaye Reponn Chak fwa yon moun ki nan bezwen oswa detrès rele l '. pa gen okenn intermédiaires, tankou pè, pastè, yo kontakte Bondye ki deklare "Nou se pi pre l' pase (l ') jugulèr venn " Allah se yon tèm la ki pa gen okenn pliryèl oswa sèks itilize pa Mizilman ak arab ki pale kretyen ak jwif referans Bondye, pandan y ap ʾ ilah (arab: إله). Se yon tèm ke yo itilize pou yon Divinite oswa yon bondye an jeneral Lòt ki pa Arab Mizilman ta ka sèvi ak non diferan, leplis ke yo Allah, pou "Tanrı" egzanp nan Tik oswa "Khoda" nan Pèsik == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * {{Cite web|access-date=7 jiyè 2019|url=http://iesr.ephe.psl.eu/ressources-pedagogiques/comptes-rendus-ouvrages|title=Comptes rendus d'ouvrages portant sur l'islam|archive-date=2019-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721202846/http://iesr.ephe.psl.eu/ressources-pedagogiques/comptes-rendus-ouvrages|dead-url=yes}} sou sitwèb "Institut européen en sciences des religions" [[Kategori:Islamis| ]] 3sysp5g9n61o4k5dy9rvqin2ii1c9wl Nouyòk 0 4005 889123 850125 2026-10-22T23:13:24Z ~2026-56453-87 40786 889123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kolektivite tèritoryal}} '''Nouyòk''' se pi gwo [[vil]] [[Etazini|Ozetazini]]. Plis 8 336 697 moun (2012) viv nan Eta sa a. Nouyòk sitiye bò kote leta [[Nou Yòk (eta)|Nou Yòk]] ak [[Noujèze]], epi li toupre oseyan Atlantik. Li etabli nan lane [[1614]] pa eksploratè peyi [[Peyiba]]. Jodi a se yon pò ki genyen anpil enpòtans Etazini epi plas ak komès epi finans nan lemond. Li fè pati pi gwo vil ekonomik nan mond lan. Li ka travay avèk medya politik. Nouyòk gen sant finansye nan [[Wall Street]] Manhattan ki gen anpil enpòtans. Nan lane 2000 li te genyen 8,274,527 moun. == Istwa == {{Artigo principal|Istwa iben Nouyòk}} Premye referans ewopeyen yo daté depi [[1524]], ak [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]]. Rejyon an te abite pa [[Pèp endijèn an Amerik|indijèn]] ki te soti nan tribi [[pèp lenape|lenape]]. Esploratè italyen an, nan sèvis kwasans fransè a, te ba li non ''Nouvelle Angoulême'' (Nouvo [[Angoulême|Angoulèm]]).{{cita libro|título=New York: the World's Capital City, Its Development and Contributions to Progress |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.226262 |autor=Rankin, Rebecca B., Cleveland Rodgers |editor=Harper |ano=1948}} Premye [[Ewòp|ewopeyen]] ki te vin tabli yo nan teritwa nouyòkè aktyèl la se te neyèlandè yo nan [[1614]], ki te fonde vil [[Nouvo Amstèdam]] nan [[1625]], epi an [[1626]], direktè koloni an, Peter Minuit, te achte [[Il Manat|manyèman]] [[Zile Manat|Manhattan]] nan men lenape yo {{cita publicación periódica |autor=Miller, Christopher L., George R. Hamell |data=Septiembre de 1986 |título=A New Perspective on Indian-White Contact: Cultural Symbols and Colonial Trade |revista=The Journal of American History |volume=73 |número=2 |url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8723%28198609%2973%3A2%3C311%3AANPOIC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A |dataacceso=21-3-2007}} , epi kote a ta vin espekilye nan komès po bèt. An [[1664]], [[Wayòm Ini|angle]] yo te konkeri vil la epi yo te ba li non Nouyòk (New York), an lonè [[Jak II d'Angletè|Duk de York ak Albany]].{{cita libro |título=The Historical Atlas of New York City: A Visual Celebration of 400 Years of New York City's History |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalatlaso0000homb_v0w4 |autor=Homberger, Eric |ano=2005 |páxinas=p. 34 |editor=Owl Libros |isbn=0805078428}} Nan finisman [[Dezyèm Gè Anglo-Olandè|dezyèm gè anglo-olandè a]], neyèlandè yo te rete ak kontwòl [[Zile Run|Zile Run]], nan [[Endonezi]], an echanj pou angle yo te kontwole Nouvo Amstèdam. Nan kòmansman [[syèk XVIII|syèk la]], popilasyon lenape a te vin diminye desann nan 200 moun.{{Cita web|url=http://www.gothamcenter.org|título="Gotham Center for New York City History" Liña de tempo 1700-1800|dataacceso=19-2-2008|lingua=inglés}} Vil Nouyòk te pran plis enpòtans antanke pò komèsyal anba [[Anpi britanik|Anpi Britanik la]]. An 1754, yo te fonde premye enstitisyon etid siperyè nan vil la, [[Inivèsite Kolonbi|Inivèsite Columbia]].{{cita libro |título=An Historical Sketch of Columbia College, in the City of New York, 1754-1876 |url=https://archive.org/details/anhistoricalske00univgoog |autor=Moore, Nathaniel Fish |ano=1876 |páxinas=p. 8 |editor=Columbia College}} === Endepandans ameriken === [[Ficheiro:Johannes_Adam_Simon_Oertel_Pulling_Down_the_Statue_of_King_George_III,_N.Y.C._ca._1859.jpg |thumb|Estati wa Jòj III d'Angletè te retire an 1776.]] Pè 9 jiyè 1776, asistan [[George Washington]] te li [[Deklarasyon Endepandans Etazini|Deklarasyon Endepandans Etazini an]] devan twoup li yo ak sitwayen Nouyòk yo, ki pita te antre nan Bowling Green, kote yon estati wa Jòj III te kanpe, epi yo te mare kòd nan estati a pou yo rache l sou sokl li, voye rès li yo nan Litchfield, Connecticut, kote pifò plon ki te sou estati a te tounen 42 000 bal mouskèt pou [[Lame Kontinantal|Lame Kontinantal la]]. Nan pwosesis la, yo te scie moso ki sou tèt kloti ki te bati toutotou perimèt Bowling Green pou pwoteje estati ki te reprezante senbòl wayèl yon kouwòn lan. Kloti a rete kanpe jouk jounen jodia e mak irégilye kote moso kouwòn yo te konn ye yo toujou vizib. Pandan [[Gè Endepandans Etazini|gè endepandans Etazini an]], vil la te sèvi kòm sèn pou yon seri batay enpòtan yo konnen sou non « Kanpay Nouyòk ak Nouvo Jersey ». Apre kontwa a te fini, se nan Nouyòk [[Kongreyo Kontinantal|Kongrè Kontinantal la]] te reyini, epi an 1789, premye [[prezidan Etazini|prezidan Etazini an]], [[George Washington]], te pwononse nan ''[[Federal Hall]]'' sou Wall Street.[http://www.usnews.com/usnews/documents/docpages/document_page11.htm "The People's Vote: President George Washington's First Inaugural Speech (1789)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021063905/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/documents/docpages/document_page11.htm |date=21 de outubro de 2013 }} U.S. News and World Report, 28-5-2007 Nouyòk te sèvi kòm kapital Etazini jiskaske [[1790|ane annapre a]]. === Syèk XIX === Nan [[syèk XIX]], imigrasyon ak devlopman te transfòme vil la. Yon pwopozisyon vizyonè pou lavni, ''Commissioners' Plan of 1811'', te elaji gri vil la sou tout zile Manhattan, epi ouvèti an 1819 [[Kan Eire|Kan Eire a]] te konekte pò atlantik la ak gwo mache agrikòl nan anndan [[Nò Amerik|Amerik di Nò]].{{cita libro |autor = Bridges, William | título = Map Of The City Of New York And Island Of Manhattan With Explanatory Remarks And References |data=1811}}; Lankevich (1998), pp. 67–68. Nan anviwon 1835, vil Nouyòk te depase [[Filadèlfi|Filadèlfi]] antanke pi gwo vil nan Etazini. Politik lokal la te sou dominasyon ''[[Tammany Hall]]'', yon sistèm [[klientelis politik]] ki te sipòte pa imigran [[Ilann|irlandè]] yo.{{cita libro |título=Fernando Wood: A Political Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/fernandowoodpoli0000mush |author=Mushkat, Jerome Mushkat |editor=Kent State University Press |ano=1990 |páxinas= [https://archive.org/details/fernandowoodpoli0000mush/page/36 36] |isbn=087338413X}} Kèk manm nan ansyen aristokrasi komèsyal la te kontribye nan etablisman [[Central Park]], ki te vin tounen premye pak peyizaj nan yon vil ameriken an [[1857]]. Yon lòt bò, te gen yon mouvman abolisyonis enpòtan nan Manhattan ak Brooklyn, epi menm si te gen esklav nan Nouyòk nan deseni 1820 yo, nan deseni ki vin apre a, Nouyòk t ap vin tounen sant aktivis abolisyonis nan Nò a. [[Ficheiro:Mulberry Street NYC c1900 LOC 3g04637u edit.jpg|miniatura|250px|Mulberry Street, nan Manhattan, anviwon 1900.]] Ant [[13 jiyè]] ak [[16 jiyè]] [[1863]], opozisyon kont sèvis militè obligatwa pandan [[Gè Sivil Ameriken|gè sivil ameriken an]] (1861-1865) te pwovoke yon seri manifestasyon vyolan yo konnen sou non ''[[Draft Riots]]'' oswa ''Draft Week''; evènman sa yo konsidere kòm youn nan pi move soulèvman sivil nan istwa ameriken.{{cita libro |título=The Armies of the Streets: The New York City Draft Riots of 1863 |url=https://archive.org/details/armiesofstreetsn0000cook |author=Cook, Adrian |ano=1974 |páxinas=pp. 193-195}} An 1898, modèn vil Nouyòk te fòme ak aneksyon Brooklyn nan Manhattan (ki te jiska lè sa a yon vil endepandan) ansanm ak lòt minisipalite ki soti nan lòt distri yo gras a pwojè tankou [[Pon Brooklyn|Pon Brooklyn nan]].[http://www.nyc.gov/html/nyc100/html/classroom/hist_info/100aniv.html The 100 Year Anniversary of the Consolidation of the 5 Boroughs into New York City], New York City. Konsilte nan 29 jen [[2007]]. Ouvèti [[mètro Nouyòk|mètro a]] an [[1904]] te ede inifye vil la. Nan premye mwatye [[syèk XX]], vil la te vin yon sant mondyal pou endistri, komès ak kominikasyon. === Syèk XX === Nan ane 1920 yo, vil la te yon destinasyon prensipal pou [[Afroameriken|afroameriken]] yo pandan sa yo te rele « Gwo Migrasyon an » ki te soti nan sid Etazini. An 1916, Nouyòk te lakay pi gwo dyaspora ibèn afriken nan Amerik di Nò. [[Renesans Harlem]] te fleri pandan epòk pwisans lan, ki te kowenside ak yon eksplozyon ekonomik ki te pouse konstriksyon [[gratsyèl]]. Nouyòk te vin tounen vil ki te gen plis moun nan mond lan an [[1948]], li te depase [[Lond]], ki te okipe premye plas la pandan plis pase yon syèk. Pandan ane [[Gwo Depresyon|Gwo Depresyon an]], [[Fiorello LaGuardia]] te eli kòm majistra e sa te lakòz tonbe ''Tammany Hall'' apre katreventan pouvwa.{{cita libro|título=The Tiger – The Rise and Fall of Tammany Hall |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerrisefalloft00alle |autor=Allen, Oliver E. |editor=Addison-Wesley Publishing Company |chapter=Chapter 9: The Decline |data=1993}} [[Ficheiro:Manhattan_1931.jpg|miniatura|250px|Vue ayeryen nan Manhattan (1942)]] Imigrasyon ewopeyen an ak retou vetran Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la te motive devlopman ekonomik e te ankouraje konstriksyon kay nan pati solèy leve Queens. Nouyòk te soti nan lagè a antanke premye vil nan mond lan, kote Wall Street t ap dirije monte Etazini antanke pisans ekonomik dominan. Katye Jeneral Nasyonzini an (ki te bati an 1952) te mete aksan sou enfliyans politik Nouyòk epi ogmantasyon [[ekspresyonis abstrak|ekspresyonis abstrak la]] nan vil la ki te ranplase [[Pari]] nan somè mond atizay la.{{cita web |título=The Center of the World - New York: A Documentary Film (Transcript) |autor=Burns, Ric |editor=PBS |url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/filmmore/pt.html |dataacceso=20-7-2006 |data=22-8-2003 |data-arquivo=19-08-2006 |url-arquivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819083502/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/filmmore/pt.html |url-morta=yes }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819083502/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/filmmore/pt.html |date=19-08-2006 }} Nan deseni 1960 la, vil la te soufri pwoblèm ekonomik, yon ogmantasyon nan to kriminalite ak rasis, ki te rive nan pik yo nan deseni kap vini an. Nan deseni 1980 la, yon retou nan endistri finansyè te amelyore sante fiskal vil la. Nan ane 90 yo, tansyon rasial yo te kalme, endis kriminèl yo te tonbe drastikman e anpil imigran te rive soti nan [[Azi]] ak [[Amerik Latin]]. Nouvo sektè, tankou [[Silicon Alley]] (biznis [[Entènèt|Entènèt]]), te parèt nan ekonomi vil la, epi popilasyon nouyòkè yo te rive nan nivo ki pi wo tout tan an nan [[Resansman Etazini an 2000|resansman 2000 an]]. [[Ficheiro:World Trade Center From Queens.jpg|thumb|left|Vue sou orizon an soti Queens ak World Trade Center a, 1997]] === Syèk XXI === Vil la te youn nan sib [[atanta 11 septanm 2001|atanta 11 septanm 2001 yo]], kote prèske 3 000 moun te mouri nan [[atak swisid|atak swisid]] ki te fèt lè 19 manm rezo [[teworis|teworis]] [[Al-Qaïda|Al-Qaeda]] te kidnape kat [[avyon (mwayen transpò)|avyon]] pasaje, kote de ladan yo, [[Vòl 11 American Airlines]] ak [[Vòl 175 United Airlines]], te frape gwo fò tou neuf tou de gwo tou yo nan [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]]. Yo te rekonstwi ''[[One World Trade Center]]'' nan menm plas kote de gwo tou yo te ye a,{{cita web | título = Rebuilding the WTC | url= http://www.wtc.com/about/rebuilding-the-wtc | editor = Silverstein Properties | dataacceso = 11-10-2007}} vin tounen bilding ki pi wo nan Emisfè Lwès la. == Relasyon ak Ayiti == *Kominote Ayisyen, relasyon ant eta sa epi Ayiti == Jewografi == == Ekonomi == == Devlòpman == == Politik == <!-- Jèwografi Nouyòk twouve rejyon [[Nivel Anglete]]. --> * [[Depatman Edikasyon vil Nouyòk]] [[Fichye:Lower Manhattan from Staten Island Ferry Jan 2006.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panorama Nouyòk]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{Commonscat|New York City}} * [http://www.nyc.gov/ Sitwèb ofisyèl Nouyòk] [[Kategori:Vil nan Etazini]] [[kategori:vil nan New York]] [[kategori:jewografi]] i8scs7hr3tmrb8f0dmrwmmu6x04vyga 889124 889123 2026-10-22T23:16:58Z ~2026-56453-87 40786 /* Istwa */ 889124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kolektivite tèritoryal}} '''Nouyòk''' se pi gwo [[vil]] [[Etazini|Ozetazini]]. Plis 8 336 697 moun (2012) viv nan Eta sa a. Nouyòk sitiye bò kote leta [[Nou Yòk (eta)|Nou Yòk]] ak [[Noujèze]], epi li toupre oseyan Atlantik. Li etabli nan lane [[1614]] pa eksploratè peyi [[Peyiba]]. Jodi a se yon pò ki genyen anpil enpòtans Etazini epi plas ak komès epi finans nan lemond. Li fè pati pi gwo vil ekonomik nan mond lan. Li ka travay avèk medya politik. Nouyòk gen sant finansye nan [[Wall Street]] Manhattan ki gen anpil enpòtans. Nan lane 2000 li te genyen 8,274,527 moun. == Istwa == {{Artigo principal|Istwa iben Nouyòk}} Premye referans ewopeyen yo daté depi 1524, ak Giovanni da Verrazzano. Rejyon an te abite pa indijèn ki te soti nan tribi lenape. Esploratè italyen an, nan sèvis kwasans fransè a, te ba li non *Nouvelle Angoulême* (Nouvo Angoulèm). Premye ewopeyen ki te vin tabli yo nan teritwa nouyòkè aktyèl la se te neyèlandè yo nan 1614, ki te fonde vil Nouvo Amstèdam nan 1625, epi an 1626, direktè koloni an, Peter Minuit, te achte Zile Manhattan nan men lenape yo, epi kote a ta vin espekilye nan komès po bèt. An 1664, angle yo te konkeri vil la epi yo te ba li non Nouyòk (New York), an lonè Duk de York ak Albany. Nan finisman dezyèm gè anglo-olandè a, neyèlandè yo te rete ak kontwòl Zile Run, nan Endonezi, an echanj pou angle yo te kontwole Nouvo Amstèdam. Nan kòmansman syèk la, popilasyon lenape a te vin diminye desann nan 200 moun. Vil Nouyòk te pran plis enpòtans antanke pò komèsyal anba Anpi Britanik la. An 1754, yo te fonde premye enstitisyon etid siperyè nan vil la, Inivèsite Columbia. === Endepandans ameriken === Pè 9 jiyè 1776, asistan George Washington te li Deklarasyon Endepandans Etazini an devan twoup li yo ak sitwayen Nouyòk yo, ki pita te antre nan Bowling Green, kote yon estati wa Jòj III te kanpe, epi yo te mare kòd nan estati a pou yo rache l sou sokl li, voye rès li yo nan Litchfield, Connecticut, kote pifò plon ki te sou estati a te tounen 42 000 bal mouskèt pou Lame Kontinantal la. Nan pwosesis la, yo te scie moso ki sou tèt kloti ki te bati toutotou perimèt Bowling Green pou proteje estati ki te reprezante senbòl wayèl yon kouwòn lan. Kloti a rete kanpe jouk jounen jodia e mak irégilye kote moso kouwòn yo te konn ye yo toujou vizib. Pandan gè endepandans Etazini an, vil la te sèvi kòm sèn pou yon seri batay enpòtan yo konnen sou non « Kanpay Nouyòk ak Nouvo Jersey ». Apre kontwa a te fini, se nan Nouyòk Kongrè Kontinantal la te reyini, epi an 1789, premye prezidan Etazini an, George Washington, te pwononse nan *Federal Hall* sou Wall Street. Nouyòk te sèvi kòm kapital Etazini jiskaske ane annapre a. === Syèk XIX === Nan syèk XIX, imigrasyon ak devlopman te transfòme vil la. Yon pwopozisyon vizyonè pou lavni, [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811]], te elaji gri vil la sou tout zile Manhattan, epi ouvèti an 1819 Kan Eire a te konekte pò atlantik la ak gwo mache agrikòl nan anndan Amerik di Nò. Nan anviwon 1835, vil Nouyòk te depase Filadèlfi antanke pi gwo vil nan Etazini. Politik lokal la te sou dominasyon [[Tammany Hall]], yon sistèm klientelis politik ki te sipòte pa imigran irlandè yo. Kèk manm nan ansyen aristokrasi komèsyal la te kontribye nan etablisman Central Park, ki te vin tounen premye pak peyizaj nan yon vil ameriken an 1857. Yon lòt bò, te gen yon mouvman abolisyonis enpòtan nan Manhattan ak Brooklyn, epi menm si te gen esklav nan Nouyòk nan deseni 1820 yo, nan deseni ki vin apre a, Nouyòk t ap vin tounen sant aktivis abolisyonis nan Nò a. Ant 13 jiyè ak 16 jiyè 1863, opozisyon kont sèvis militè obligatwa pandan gè sivil ameriken an (1861-1865) te pwovoke yon seri manifestasyon vyolan yo konnen sou non [[Draft Riots]] oswa [[Draft Week]]; evènman sa yo konsidere kòm youn nan pi move soulèvman sivil nan istwa ameriken. An 1898, modèn vil Nouyòk te fòme ak aneksyon Brooklyn nan Manhattan (ki te jiska lè sa a yon vil endepandan) ansanm ak lòt minisipalite ki soti nan lòt distri yo gras a pwojè tankou Pon Brooklyn nan. Ouvèti mètro a an 1904 te ede inifye vil la. Nan premye mwatye syèk XX, vil la te vin yon sant mondyal pou endistri, komès ak kominikasyon. === Syèk XX === Nan ane 1920 yo, vil la te yon destinasyon prensipal pou afroameriken yo pandan sa yo te rele « Gwo Migrasyon an » ki te soti nan sid Etazini. An 1916, Nouyòk te lakay pi gwo dyaspora ibèn afriken nan Amerik di Nò. Renesans Harlem te fleri pandan epòk pwisans lan, ki te kowenside ak yon eksplozyon ekonomik ki te pouse konstriksyon gratsyèl. Nouyòk te vin tounen vil ki te gen plis moun nan mond lan an 1948, li te depase Lond, ki te okipe premye plas la pandan plis pase yon syèk. Pandan ane Gwo Depresyon an, Fiorello LaGuardia te eli kòm majistra e sa te lakòz tonbe *Tammany Hall* apre katreventan pouvwa. Imigrasyon ewopeyen an ak retou vetran Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la te motive devlopman ekonomik e te ankouraje konstriksyon kay nan pati solèy leve Queens. Nouyòk te soti nan lagè a antanke premye vil nan mond lan, kote Wall Street t ap dirije monte Etazini antanke pisans ekonomik dominan. Katye Jeneral Nasyonzini an (ki te bati an 1952) te mete aksan sou enfliyans politik Nouyòk epi ogmantasyon ekspresyonis abstrak la nan vil la ki te ranplase Pari nan somè mond atizay la. Nan deseni 1960 la, vil la te soufri pwoblèm ekonomik, yon ogmantasyon nan to kriminalite ak rasis, ki te rive nan pik yo nan deseni kap vini an. Nan deseni 1980 la, yon retou nan endistri finansyè te amelyore sante fiskal vil la. Nan ane 90 yo, tansyon rasial yo te kalme, endis kriminèl yo te tonbe drastikman e anpil imigran te rive soti nan Azi ak Amerik Latin. Nouvo sektè, tankou [[Silicon Alley]] (biznis Entènèt), te parèt nan ekonomi vil la, epi popilasyon nouyòkè yo te rive nan nivo ki pi wo tout tan an nan resansman 2000 an. === Syèk XXI === Vil la te yon noun nan sib atanta 11 septanm 2001 yo, kote prèske 3 000 moun te mouri nan atak swisid ki te fèt lè 19 manm rezo teworis Al-Qaïda te kidnape kat avyon pasaje, kote de ladan yo, Vòl 11 American Airlines ak Vòl 175 United Airlines, te frape gwo fò tou neuf tou de gwo tou yo nan World Trade Center. Yo te rekonstwi [[One World Trade Center]] nan menm plas kote de gwo tou yo te ye a, vin tounen bilding ki pi wo nan Emisfè Lwès la. == Relasyon ak Ayiti == *Kominote Ayisyen, relasyon ant eta sa epi Ayiti == Jewografi == == Ekonomi == == Devlòpman == == Politik == <!-- Jèwografi Nouyòk twouve rejyon [[Nivel Anglete]]. --> * [[Depatman Edikasyon vil Nouyòk]] [[Fichye:Lower Manhattan from Staten Island Ferry Jan 2006.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panorama Nouyòk]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{Commonscat|New York City}} * [http://www.nyc.gov/ Sitwèb ofisyèl Nouyòk] [[Kategori:Vil nan Etazini]] [[kategori:vil nan New York]] [[kategori:jewografi]] qhwzotqnf4iqq0ffib6a7qgy5r2ggb0 Lis prezidan Ayiti 0 13143 889115 888662 2026-10-22T15:39:37Z ~2026-56512-00 40779 889115 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lis [[Prezidan Repiblik Ayiti]]'''<ref name="c-87">{{Cite web|url=https://www.haiti-reference.com/pages/plan/histoire-et-societe/documents-historiques/constitutions/1987-texte-amend/|title=Constitution de 1987 Amendée: Texte integral|publisher=Haiti Reference|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727172302/https://www.haiti-reference.com/pages/plan/histoire-et-societe/documents-historiques/constitutions/1987-texte-amend/|archivedate=2020-07-27|deadlink=no}}{{ref-fr}}</ref> depi [[Revolisyon ayisyen|revolisyon ayisyèn]] la ak tonbe [[Dezyèm Anpi Ayiti|Dezyèm Anpi]] a. Depi [[Fabre Geffrard]] te vin prezidan an 1859, Ayiti te gen yon siksesyon chèf leta ki te dirije peyi a anba divès rejim ak kontèks politik. Lis sa a rasanble prezidan Repiblik Ayiti yo, san konte [[wa]] ak [[Anpi|anperè]], pou mete aksan sèlman sou moun ki te egzèse yon manda repibliken ki te gen limit nan tan. Istwa politik Ayiti make pa peryòd kote te gen yon ti estabilite, men tou pa anpil boulvèsman, tankou koudeta, tranzisyon militè ak entèvansyon etranje. [[Pati Nasyonal|Nasyonal]] Chak prezidan te oblije jere gwo defi, tankou tansyon ant elit ak mas popilè yo, enfliyans entènasyonal, ak kriz ekonomik ak sosyal. Lis sa a pèmèt nou konprann evolisyon pouvwa egzekitif nan Ayiti atravè 19yèm, 20yèm ak 21yèm syèk yo, pandan n ap mete limyè sou moun ki te make gouvènans peyi a, politik yo, ak enpak administrasyon yo sou nasyon an. == Lis prezidan Repiblik Ayiti (depi 1915)<ref name="1971succession">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/duvalier-64-dies-in-haiti-son-19-is-new-president-president.html|title=Duvalier, 64, Dies in Haiti; Son, 19, Is New President|date=23 April 1971|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024071634/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/duvalier-64-dies-in-haiti-son-19-is-new-president-president.html|archive-date=24 October 2021|access-date=9 July 2021|author=[[Homer Bigart]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/papa-doc-a-ruthless-dictator-kept-the-haitians-in-illiteracy-and.html|title=Papa Doc, a Ruthless Dictator, Kept the Haitians in Illiteracy and Dire Poverty|date=23 April 1971|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717015719/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/papa-doc-a-ruthless-dictator-kept-the-haitians-in-illiteracy-and.html|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=7 July 2022|author=Albin Krebs|url-status=live}}</ref> == === Repiblik Ayiti (1915-1964) === === Repiblik Ayiti (depi 1987) === {| class="wikitable centre" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |N° ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Potré ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Prezidan ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Eleksyon ! colspan="3" scope="col" |Manda ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" |Afilyasyon politik |- ! scope="col" |Kòmansman ! scope="col" |Fen ! scope="col" |Dire |- !1 |[[Fichye:Namphy 1986 (cropped).jpg|centré|91x91px]] |'''[[Henri Namphy]]''' <small>(1932-2018)</small> | - |28 avril 1987 |7 fevriye 1988 |{{durée|28|4|1987|7|2|1988}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !2 |[[Fichye:Prezidan Leslie Francois Manigat.png|centré|87x87px]] |'''[[Leslie Manigat]]''' <small>(1930-2014)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 1988|1988]] |7 fevriye 1988 |20 jen 1988 |{{durée|7|2|1988|20|6|1988}} | style="background:#008000" | |[[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Sant-dwat]] |- !3 |[[Fichye:Namphy 1986 (cropped).jpg|centré|91x91px]] |'''[[Henri Namphy]]''' <small>(1932-2018)</small> | - |20 jen 1988 |17 septanm 1988 |{{durée|20|6|1988|17|9|1988}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !4 |[[Fichye:Prosper Avril in 2021.png|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Prosper Avril]]''' <small>(fèt an 1937)</small> | - |17 septanm 1988 |10 mas 1990 |{{durée|17|9|1988|10|3|1990}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !5 |[[Fichye:Ertha Pascal-Trouillot at the White House (May 1990) (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Ertha Pascal-Trouillot]]''' <small>(fèt an 1943)</small> | - |13 mas 1990 |7 fevriye 1991 |{{durée|13|3|1990|7|2|1991}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !6 |[[Fichye:Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 1991 (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]]''' <small>(fèt an 1953)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 1990|1990]] |7 fevriye 1991 |7 fevriye 1996 |{{durée|7|2|1991|7|2|1996}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !7 |[[Fichye:Rene Preval.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[René Préval]]''' <small>(1943-2017)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 1995|1995]] |7 fevriye 1996 |7 fevriye 2001 |{{durée|7|2|1996|7|2|2001}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !8 |[[Fichye:Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 1991 (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]]''' <small>(fèt an 1953)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2000|2000]] |7 fevriye 2001 |29 fevriye 2004 |{{durée|7|2|2001|29|2|2004}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !9 |[[Fichye:Boniface Alexandre.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Boniface Alexandre]]''' <small>(1936-2023)</small> | - |29 fevriye 2004 |14 me 2006 |{{durée|29|2|2004|14|5|2006}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !10 |[[Fichye:Rene Preval.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[René Préval]]''' <small>(1943-2017)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2006|2006]] |14 me 2006 |14 me 2011 |{{durée|14|5|2006|14|5|2011}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !11 |[[Fichye:Michel Martelly (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Michel Martelly]]''' <small>(fèt an 1961)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2011|2011]] |14 me 2011 |14 fevriye 2016 |{{durée|14|5|2011|14|2|2016}} | style="background:#D05B70" | |[[Kowalisyon Dwat (Ayiti)|Kowalisyon Dwat]] |- !12 |[[Fichye:Jocelerme Privert Cine Triomphe (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jocelerme Privert]]''' <small>(fèt an 1953)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2015|2015]] |14 fevriye 2016 |7 fevriye 2017 |{{durée|14|2|2016|7|2|2017}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !13 |[[Fichye:Kelly Craft poses a photo with Haitian President Moise (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jovenel Moïse]]''' <small>(1968-2021)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2016|2016]] |7 fevriye 2017 |7 jiyè 2021 |{{durée|7|2|2017|7|7|2021}} | style="background:#D05B70" | |[[Kowalisyon Dwat (Ayiti)|Kowalisyon Dwat]] |- !14 |[[Fichye:Joseph Lambert.png|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Joseph Lambert (politisyen)|Joseph Lambert]]''' <small>(fèt an 1961)</small> | - |9 jiyè 2021 |7 fevriye 2022 |{{durée|9|7|2021|7|2|2022}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !15 |[[Fichye:Fritz Jean in June 2025.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Fritz Alphonse Jean]]''' <small>(fèt an 1956)</small> |[[Akò Montana|2022]] |7 fevriye 2022 |7 fevriye 2023 |{{durée|7|2|2022|7|2|2023}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !16 |[[Fichye:Prezidan Mirlande Manigat RDNP.jpg|centré|87x87px]] |'''[[Mirlande Manigat]]''' <small>(fèt an 1940)</small> | - |7 fevriye 2023 |30 avril 2024 |{{durée|7|2|2023|30|4|2024}} | style="background:#008000" | |[[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Sant-dwat]] |- !17 |[[Fichye:Edgard Leblanc Fils.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Edgard Leblanc Fils]]''' <small>(fèt an 1955)</small> | - |30 avril 2024 |7 oktòb 2024 |{{durée|30|4|2024|7|10|2024}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !18 |[[Fichye:Leslie Voltaire (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Leslie Voltaire]]''' <small>(fèt an 1949)</small> | - |7 oktòb 2024 |7 mas 2025 |{{durée|7|10|2024|7|3|2025}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !19 |[[Fichye:Fritz Jean in June 2025.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Fritz Alphonse Jean]]''' <small>(fèt an 1956)</small> | - |7 mas 2025 |7 out 2025 |{{durée|7|3|2025|7|8|2025}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !20 |[[Fichye:Laurent Saint-Cyr 2025.jpg|centré|87x87px]] |'''[[Laurent Saint-Cyr]]''' <small>(fèt an ?)</small> | - |7 out 2025 |7 fevriye 2026 |{{durée|7|8|2025|7|2|2026}} | style="background:#008000" | |[[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Sant-dwat]] |- !21 |[[Fichye:Jean Joseph Lebrun.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jean Joseph Lebrun]]''' <small>(fèt an ?)</small> | - |7 fevriye 2026 |''An kou'' |{{durée|7|2|2026}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |}<!--- ! colspan="11}}"| Not contesting |- style="background:#FF8080;" | bgcolor="}}"| | | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | | [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|50px]] | | |X |X |{{no}} | ---> ==Referans== {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Lis]] [[Kategori:Ayiti]] [[Kategori:Prezidan Ayiti]] bdo9axg1egu57wh6guhblj9gddkhec0 889116 889115 2026-10-22T15:42:12Z ~2026-56512-00 40779 889116 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lis [[Prezidan Repiblik Ayiti]]'''<ref name="c-87">{{Cite web|url=https://www.haiti-reference.com/pages/plan/histoire-et-societe/documents-historiques/constitutions/1987-texte-amend/|title=Constitution de 1987 Amendée: Texte integral|publisher=Haiti Reference|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727172302/https://www.haiti-reference.com/pages/plan/histoire-et-societe/documents-historiques/constitutions/1987-texte-amend/|archivedate=2020-07-27|deadlink=no}}{{ref-fr}}</ref> depi [[Revolisyon ayisyen|revolisyon ayisyèn]] la ak tonbe [[Dezyèm Anpi Ayiti|Dezyèm Anpi]] a. Depi [[Fabre Geffrard]] te vin prezidan an 1859, Ayiti te gen yon siksesyon chèf leta ki te dirije peyi a anba divès rejim ak kontèks politik. Lis sa a rasanble prezidan Repiblik Ayiti yo, san konte [[wa]] ak [[Anpi|anperè]], pou mete aksan sèlman sou moun ki te egzèse yon manda repibliken ki te gen limit nan tan. Istwa politik Ayiti make pa peryòd kote te gen yon ti estabilite, men tou pa anpil boulvèsman, tankou koudeta, tranzisyon militè ak entèvansyon etranje. [[Pati Nasyonal|Nasyonal]] Chak prezidan te oblije jere gwo defi, tankou tansyon ant elit ak mas popilè yo, enfliyans entènasyonal, ak kriz ekonomik ak sosyal. Lis sa a pèmèt nou konprann evolisyon pouvwa egzekitif nan Ayiti atravè 19yèm, 20yèm ak 21yèm syèk yo, pandan n ap mete limyè sou moun ki te make gouvènans peyi a, politik yo, ak enpak administrasyon yo sou nasyon an. == Lis prezidan Repiblik Ayiti (depi 1915)<ref name="1971succession">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/duvalier-64-dies-in-haiti-son-19-is-new-president-president.html|title=Duvalier, 64, Dies in Haiti; Son, 19, Is New President|date=23 April 1971|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024071634/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/duvalier-64-dies-in-haiti-son-19-is-new-president-president.html|archive-date=24 October 2021|access-date=9 July 2021|author=[[Homer Bigart]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/papa-doc-a-ruthless-dictator-kept-the-haitians-in-illiteracy-and.html|title=Papa Doc, a Ruthless Dictator, Kept the Haitians in Illiteracy and Dire Poverty|date=23 April 1971|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717015719/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/papa-doc-a-ruthless-dictator-kept-the-haitians-in-illiteracy-and.html|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=7 July 2022|author=Albin Krebs|url-status=live}}</ref> == === Repiblik Ayiti (1915-1964) === === Repiblik Ayiti (depi 1987) === {| class="wikitable centre" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |N° ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Potré ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Prezidan ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Eleksyon ! colspan="3" scope="col" |Manda ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" |Afilyasyon politik |- ! scope="col" |Kòmansman ! scope="col" |Fen ! scope="col" |Dire |- !1 |[[Fichye:Namphy 1986 (cropped).jpg|centré|91x91px]] |'''[[Henri Namphy]]''' <small>(1932-2018)</small> | - |28 avril 1987 |7 fevriye 1988 |{{durée|28|4|1987|7|2|1988}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !2 |[[Fichye:Prezidan Leslie Francois Manigat.png|centré|87x87px]] |'''[[Leslie Manigat]]''' <small>(1930-2014)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 1988|1988]] |7 fevriye 1988 |20 jen 1988 |{{durée|7|2|1988|20|6|1988}} | style="background:#008000" | |[[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Sant-dwat]] |- !3 |[[Fichye:Namphy 1986 (cropped).jpg|centré|91x91px]] |'''[[Henri Namphy]]''' <small>(1932-2018)</small> | - |20 jen 1988 |17 septanm 1988 |{{durée|20|6|1988|17|9|1988}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !4 |[[Fichye:Prosper Avril in 2021.png|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Prosper Avril]]''' <small>(fèt an 1937)</small> | - |17 septanm 1988 |10 mas 1990 |{{durée|17|9|1988|10|3|1990}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !5 |[[Fichye:Ertha Pascal-Trouillot at the White House (May 1990) (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Ertha Pascal-Trouillot]]''' <small>(fèt an 1943)</small> | - |13 mas 1990 |7 fevriye 1991 |{{durée|13|3|1990|7|2|1991}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !6 |[[Fichye:Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 1991 (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]]''' <small>(fèt an 1953)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 1990|1990]] |7 fevriye 1991 |7 fevriye 1996 |{{durée|7|2|1991|7|2|1996}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !7 |[[Fichye:Rene Preval.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[René Préval]]''' <small>(1943-2017)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 1995|1995]] |7 fevriye 1996 |7 fevriye 2001 |{{durée|7|2|1996|7|2|2001}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !8 |[[Fichye:Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 1991 (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]]''' <small>(fèt an 1953)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2000|2000]] |7 fevriye 2001 |29 fevriye 2004 |{{durée|7|2|2001|29|2|2004}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !9 |[[Fichye:Boniface Alexandre.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Boniface Alexandre]]''' <small>(1936-2023)</small> | - |29 fevriye 2004 |14 me 2006 |{{durée|29|2|2004|14|5|2006}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !10 |[[Fichye:Rene Preval.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[René Préval]]''' <small>(1943-2017)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2006|2006]] |14 me 2006 |14 me 2011 |{{durée|14|5|2006|14|5|2011}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !11 |[[Fichye:Michel Martelly (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Michel Martelly]]''' <small>(fèt an 1961)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2011|2011]] |14 me 2011 |14 fevriye 2016 |{{durée|14|5|2011|14|2|2016}} | style="background:#E9383F" | |[[Kowalisyon Dwat (Ayiti)|Kowalisyon Dwat]] |- !12 |[[Fichye:Jocelerme Privert Cine Triomphe (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jocelerme Privert]]''' <small>(fèt an 1953)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2015|2015]] |14 fevriye 2016 |7 fevriye 2017 |{{durée|14|2|2016|7|2|2017}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !13 |[[Fichye:Kelly Craft poses a photo with Haitian President Moise (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jovenel Moïse]]''' <small>(1968-2021)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2016|2016]] |7 fevriye 2017 |7 jiyè 2021 |{{durée|7|2|2017|7|7|2021}} | style="background:#E9383F" | |[[Kowalisyon Dwat (Ayiti)|Kowalisyon Dwat]] |- !14 |[[Fichye:Joseph Lambert.png|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Joseph Lambert (politisyen)|Joseph Lambert]]''' <small>(fèt an 1961)</small> | - |9 jiyè 2021 |7 fevriye 2022 |{{durée|9|7|2021|7|2|2022}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !15 |[[Fichye:Fritz Jean in June 2025.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Fritz Alphonse Jean]]''' <small>(fèt an 1956)</small> |[[Akò Montana|2022]] |7 fevriye 2022 |7 fevriye 2023 |{{durée|7|2|2022|7|2|2023}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !16 |[[Fichye:Prezidan Mirlande Manigat RDNP.jpg|centré|87x87px]] |'''[[Mirlande Manigat]]''' <small>(fèt an 1940)</small> | - |7 fevriye 2023 |30 avril 2024 |{{durée|7|2|2023|30|4|2024}} | style="background:#008000" | |[[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Sant-dwat]] |- !17 |[[Fichye:Edgard Leblanc Fils.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Edgard Leblanc Fils]]''' <small>(fèt an 1955)</small> | - |30 avril 2024 |7 oktòb 2024 |{{durée|30|4|2024|7|10|2024}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !18 |[[Fichye:Leslie Voltaire (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Leslie Voltaire]]''' <small>(fèt an 1949)</small> | - |7 oktòb 2024 |7 mas 2025 |{{durée|7|10|2024|7|3|2025}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !19 |[[Fichye:Fritz Jean in June 2025.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Fritz Alphonse Jean]]''' <small>(fèt an 1956)</small> | - |7 mas 2025 |7 out 2025 |{{durée|7|3|2025|7|8|2025}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !20 |[[Fichye:Laurent Saint-Cyr 2025.jpg|centré|87x87px]] |'''[[Laurent Saint-Cyr]]''' <small>(fèt an ?)</small> | - |7 out 2025 |7 fevriye 2026 |{{durée|7|8|2025|7|2|2026}} | style="background:#008000" | |[[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Sant-dwat]] |- !21 |[[Fichye:Jean Joseph Lebrun.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jean Joseph Lebrun]]''' <small>(fèt an ?)</small> | - |7 fevriye 2026 |''An kou'' |{{durée|7|2|2026}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |}<!--- ! colspan="11}}"| Not contesting |- style="background:#FF8080;" | bgcolor="}}"| | | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | | [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|50px]] | | |X |X |{{no}} | ---> ==Referans== {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Lis]] [[Kategori:Ayiti]] [[Kategori:Prezidan Ayiti]] mqt6vksr3vmgt9rbw15d5xdnmeix6z4 889179 889116 2026-10-23T06:19:23Z Kitanago 19629 889179 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lis [[Prezidan Repiblik Ayiti]]'''<ref name="c-87">{{Cite web|url=https://www.haiti-reference.com/pages/plan/histoire-et-societe/documents-historiques/constitutions/1987-texte-amend/|title=Constitution de 1987 Amendée: Texte integral|publisher=Haiti Reference|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727172302/https://www.haiti-reference.com/pages/plan/histoire-et-societe/documents-historiques/constitutions/1987-texte-amend/|archivedate=2020-07-27|deadlink=no}}{{ref-fr}}</ref> depi [[Revolisyon ayisyen|revolisyon ayisyèn]] la ak tonbe [[Dezyèm Anpi Ayiti|Dezyèm Anpi]] a. Depi [[Fabre Geffrard]] te vin prezidan an 1859, Ayiti te gen yon siksesyon chèf leta ki te dirije peyi a anba divès rejim ak kontèks politik. Lis sa a rasanble prezidan Repiblik Ayiti yo, san konte [[wa]] ak [[Anpi|anperè]], pou mete aksan sèlman sou moun ki te egzèse yon manda repibliken ki te gen limit nan tan. Istwa politik Ayiti make pa peryòd kote te gen yon ti estabilite, men tou pa anpil boulvèsman, tankou koudeta, tranzisyon militè ak entèvansyon etranje. [[Pati Nasyonal|Nasyonal]] Chak prezidan te oblije jere gwo defi, tankou tansyon ant elit ak mas popilè yo, enfliyans entènasyonal, ak kriz ekonomik ak sosyal. Lis sa a pèmèt nou konprann evolisyon pouvwa egzekitif nan Ayiti atravè 19yèm, 20yèm ak 21yèm syèk yo, pandan n ap mete limyè sou moun ki te make gouvènans peyi a, politik yo, ak enpak administrasyon yo sou nasyon an. == Lis prezidan Repiblik Ayiti (depi 1915)<ref name="1971succession">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/duvalier-64-dies-in-haiti-son-19-is-new-president-president.html|title=Duvalier, 64, Dies in Haiti; Son, 19, Is New President|date=23 April 1971|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024071634/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/duvalier-64-dies-in-haiti-son-19-is-new-president-president.html|archive-date=24 October 2021|access-date=9 July 2021|author=[[Homer Bigart]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/papa-doc-a-ruthless-dictator-kept-the-haitians-in-illiteracy-and.html|title=Papa Doc, a Ruthless Dictator, Kept the Haitians in Illiteracy and Dire Poverty|date=23 April 1971|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717015719/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/23/archives/papa-doc-a-ruthless-dictator-kept-the-haitians-in-illiteracy-and.html|archive-date=17 July 2022|access-date=7 July 2022|author=Albin Krebs|url-status=live}}</ref> == === Repiblik Ayiti (1915-1964) === === Repiblik Ayiti (depi 1987) === {| class="wikitable centre" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |N° ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Potré ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Prezidan ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Eleksyon ! colspan="3" scope="col" |Manda ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" |Afilyasyon politik |- ! scope="col" |Kòmansman ! scope="col" |Fen ! scope="col" |Dire |- !1 |[[Fichye:Namphy 1986 (cropped).jpg|centré|91x91px]] |'''[[Henri Namphy]]''' <small>(1932-2018)</small> | - |28 avril 1987 |7 fevriye 1988 |{{durée|28|4|1987|7|2|1988}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !2 |[[Fichye:Prezidan Leslie Francois Manigat.png|centré|87x87px]] |'''[[Leslie Manigat]]''' <small>(1930-2014)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 1988|1988]] |7 fevriye 1988 |20 jen 1988 |{{durée|7|2|1988|20|6|1988}} | style="background:#008000" | |[[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Sant-dwat]] |- !3 |[[Fichye:Namphy 1986 (cropped).jpg|centré|91x91px]] |'''[[Henri Namphy]]''' <small>(1932-2018)</small> | - |20 jen 1988 |17 septanm 1988 |{{durée|20|6|1988|17|9|1988}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !4 |[[Fichye:Prosper Avril in 2021.png|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Prosper Avril]]''' <small>(fèt an 1937)</small> | - |17 septanm 1988 |10 mas 1990 |{{durée|17|9|1988|10|3|1990}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !5 |[[Fichye:Ertha Pascal-Trouillot at the White House (May 1990) (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Ertha Pascal-Trouillot]]''' <small>(fèt an 1943)</small> | - |13 mas 1990 |7 fevriye 1991 |{{durée|13|3|1990|7|2|1991}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !6 |[[Fichye:Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 1991 (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]]''' <small>(fèt an 1953)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 1990|1990]] |7 fevriye 1991 |7 fevriye 1996 |{{durée|7|2|1991|7|2|1996}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !7 |[[Fichye:Rene Preval.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[René Préval]]''' <small>(1943-2017)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 1995|1995]] |7 fevriye 1996 |7 fevriye 2001 |{{durée|7|2|1996|7|2|2001}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !8 |[[Fichye:Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 1991 (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]]''' <small>(fèt an 1953)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2000|2000]] |7 fevriye 2001 |29 fevriye 2004 |{{durée|7|2|2001|29|2|2004}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !9 |[[Fichye:Boniface Alexandre.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Boniface Alexandre]]''' <small>(1936-2023)</small> | - |29 fevriye 2004 |14 me 2006 |{{durée|29|2|2004|14|5|2006}} | style="background:#DFDFDF" | |[[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandan]] |- !10 |[[Fichye:Rene Preval.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[René Préval]]''' <small>(1943-2017)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2006|2006]] |14 me 2006 |14 me 2011 |{{durée|14|5|2006|14|5|2011}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !11 |[[Fichye:Michel Martelly (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Michel Martelly]]''' <small>(fèt an 1961)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2011|2011]] |14 me 2011 |14 fevriye 2016 |{{durée|14|5|2011|14|2|2016}} | style="background:#E9383F" | |[[Kowalisyon Dwat (Ayiti)|Kowalisyon Dwat]] |- !12 |[[Fichye:Jocelerme Privert Cine Triomphe (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jocelerme Privert]]''' <small>(fèt an 1953)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2015|2015]] |14 fevriye 2016 |7 fevriye 2017 |{{durée|14|2|2016|7|2|2017}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !13 |[[Fichye:Kelly Craft poses a photo with Haitian President Moise (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Jovenel Moïse]]''' <small>(1968-2021)</small> |[[Eleksyon prezidansyèl ayisyèn an 2016|2016]] |7 fevriye 2017 |7 jiyè 2021 |{{durée|7|2|2017|7|7|2021}} | style="background:#E9383F" | |[[Kowalisyon Dwat (Ayiti)|Kowalisyon Dwat]] |- !14 |[[Fichye:Fritz Jean in June 2025.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Fritz Alphonse Jean]]''' <small>(fèt an 1956)</small> |[[Akò Montana|2022]] |7 fevriye 2022 |7 fevriye 2023 |{{durée|7|2|2022|7|2|2023}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !15 |[[Fichye:Prezidan Mirlande Manigat RDNP.jpg|centré|87x87px]] |'''[[Mirlande Manigat]]''' <small>(fèt an 1940)</small> | - |7 fevriye 2023 |30 avril 2024 |{{durée|7|2|2023|30|4|2024}} | style="background:#008000" | |[[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Sant-dwat]] |- !16 |[[Fichye:Edgard Leblanc Fils.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Edgard Leblanc Fils]]''' <small>(fèt an 1955)</small> | - |30 avril 2024 |7 oktòb 2024 |{{durée|30|4|2024|7|10|2024}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !17 |[[Fichye:Leslie Voltaire (cropped).jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Leslie Voltaire]]''' <small>(fèt an 1949)</small> | - |7 oktòb 2024 |7 mas 2025 |{{durée|7|10|2024|7|3|2025}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !18 |[[Fichye:Fritz Jean in June 2025.jpg|centré|96x96px]] |'''[[Fritz Alphonse Jean]]''' <small>(fèt an 1956)</small> | - |7 mas 2025 |7 out 2025 |{{durée|7|3|2025|7|8|2025}} | style="background:#0047AB" | |[[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Inyon Goch]] |- !19 |[[Fichye:Laurent Saint-Cyr 2025.jpg|centré|87x87px]] |'''[[Laurent Saint-Cyr]]''' <small>(fèt an ?)</small> | - |7 out 2025 |7 fevriye 2026 |{{durée|7|8|2025|7|2|2026}} | style="background:#008000" | |[[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Sant-dwat]] |- !20 | | <small> </small> | - | | | | style="background:#DFDFDF" | | |}<!--- ! colspan="11}}"| Not contesting |- style="background:#FF8080;" | bgcolor="}}"| | | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | | [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|50px]] | | |X |X |{{no}} | ---> ==Referans== {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Lis]] [[Kategori:Ayiti]] [[Kategori:Prezidan Ayiti]] jdjfs23cp6gpapi45f4t3l159gbgq2m Ti Roro 0 17069 889176 889103 2026-10-23T06:05:59Z Kitanago 19629 889176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}}{{infobox Biographie2|charte=artsite |non=Ti Roro }} Baillargau Raymond, ke yo rekonèt kòm Ti Roro, se te yon tanbouyè ayisyen li te ye paske li te pote atizay [[tanbou]] seremoni [[Vodou]] ayisyen an ak lòt estil tradisyonèl Afro-Ayisyen tanbou sou sèn ak estidyo anrejistreman. Li te yon atis entènasyonal ki enfliyanse mizisyen [[djaz]], patikilyèman Max Roach. Yo estime ane nesans li se 1915. An jeneral, yo kwè li te mouri an 1980, pwobableman nan Pòtoprens. Pèfòmans ak kolaborasyon Ti Roro yo ka jwenn sou anrejistreman solo ak nan travay pou atis tankou kondiktè Issa El Saieh, chantè Guy Durosier ak dansè Jean-Léon Destiné. == Byografi == *Dat enpòtan yo == Zèv li yo == *Sa li fè == Diskgrafi == *A night in Port-au-Prince Palace Record PLP - 100 1959 *Ti-Roro/Ti-Marcel: Voodoo Drums in Hi-Fi; Atlantic 1296 1958 *Issa el Saieh w/Ti Roro, Hi-Fi Haitian Drums; Capitol of the World T-10110 *Ti Roro "Best Drummer in Haiti"; Cook Road Recordings 5004; c.1956 *Ti Roro: Voodoo Drums of Ti RoRo; Monogram 830 (Ti RoRo et ses Tambours Vaudou/& his Voodoo Drums; Request/Sounds of the Caribbean SLP-733) *Ti Roro et son Tambour; Ibo/Macaya 109 (Haiti) *Le meilleur de ti Roro(Riz) 2004 *Racine d'haïi vol.4(mini-enregistrements)1979 *Divers;soirée dansate caribėenne(gateway)1977 *Année inconnue; Les tambours vaudous de TI RORO(monogramme) *Année inconnue;Murat et son orchestre avec TI RORO-une nuit a port-au-prince(palace record) 3djh70oklecpnbapfje3mi4hbsei3sz 889177 889176 2026-10-23T06:06:16Z Kitanago 19629 889177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}}{{infobox Biographie2|charte=artsite |non=Ti Roro }} '''Baillargau Raymond''', ke yo rekonèt kòm '''Ti Roro''', se te yon tanbouyè ayisyen li te ye paske li te pote atizay [[tanbou]] seremoni [[Vodou]] ayisyen an ak lòt estil tradisyonèl Afro-Ayisyen tanbou sou sèn ak estidyo anrejistreman. Li te yon atis entènasyonal ki enfliyanse mizisyen [[djaz]], patikilyèman Max Roach. Yo estime ane nesans li se 1915. An jeneral, yo kwè li te mouri an 1980, pwobableman nan Pòtoprens. Pèfòmans ak kolaborasyon Ti Roro yo ka jwenn sou anrejistreman solo ak nan travay pou atis tankou kondiktè Issa El Saieh, chantè Guy Durosier ak dansè Jean-Léon Destiné. == Byografi == *Dat enpòtan yo == Zèv li yo == *Sa li fè == Diskgrafi == *A night in Port-au-Prince Palace Record PLP - 100 1959 *Ti-Roro/Ti-Marcel: Voodoo Drums in Hi-Fi; Atlantic 1296 1958 *Issa el Saieh w/Ti Roro, Hi-Fi Haitian Drums; Capitol of the World T-10110 *Ti Roro "Best Drummer in Haiti"; Cook Road Recordings 5004; c.1956 *Ti Roro: Voodoo Drums of Ti RoRo; Monogram 830 (Ti RoRo et ses Tambours Vaudou/& his Voodoo Drums; Request/Sounds of the Caribbean SLP-733) *Ti Roro et son Tambour; Ibo/Macaya 109 (Haiti) *Le meilleur de ti Roro(Riz) 2004 *Racine d'haïi vol.4(mini-enregistrements)1979 *Divers;soirée dansate caribėenne(gateway)1977 *Année inconnue; Les tambours vaudous de TI RORO(monogramme) *Année inconnue;Murat et son orchestre avec TI RORO-une nuit a port-au-prince(palace record) 2g3kz4j3a36sx1wh6jgzdk6utl2x9wt Kriz kadyak 0 62045 889148 889092 2026-10-23T04:25:10Z Kitanago 19629 ajoute omwen yon seksyon 889148 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kriz kadyak''' (Enfat Myokad la) se yon aksidan sikilasyon san ki nouri kè a ki rive li yon zòn nan kè an pa resevwa sifizaman san, donk mwens oksijèn, sa ki lakòz lanmò [[selil]] nan pati sa a. Le pi souvan, kòz yon kriz kadyak se destriksyon yon plak Atewosklewoyik (ki fòme a pati de Kolestewòl ak lòt sibstans) ki te chita nan arebò nan Atè. Akòz Iskemi (diminisyon sikilasyon san) ki vin pwodui a, si pwoblèm sa a rete san trètman, gwo domaj k'a rive; kèk nan tisi yo ka mouri.<ref name="HLB2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/signs|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease?|date=September 29, 2014|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224034615/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/signs|archive-date=24 February 2015|access-date=23 February 2015}}</ref> ==Deskripsyon== Sentòm prensipal yon Kriz Kadyak enkopore Doulè nan Pwotrin toudenkou (tipikman li kouri nan bra gòch, oubyen kou gòch); Souf Kout, Noze, Vomisman, palpitasyon, Swe, Anksyete. Gen yon kantite ki pa neglijab de kriz kadyak ki rive san doulè oswa lòt sentòm. Yo rele yo Enfat (Kriz kadyak) silansye. Pami tès pou egzamine kè a genyen Elektwokadyogram (EKG), Ekokadyografi, Rezonans Mayetik Kadyak ak anpil tès san. sa ki plis itilize nan makè sangen yo se nivo CK-MB (Kreyatin Kinaz fraksyon MB) ak Twoponin. Trètman dwe inisye nan imedya ak Aspirin, Nitwogliserin, [[Oksijèn]]. Pi fò ka Enfat Myokad ak Elevasyon Segman ST trete ak Twomboliz oubyen ak Anjyoplasti Kowonè. Li pa gen elevasyon Segman ST nan EKG a, medsen yo ka jere ka a ak medikaman, kwake anpil ka bezwen anjyoplasti. Malerezman poko gen yon lopital ki ofri sèvis Anjyografi kadyak an Ayiti. Moun ki gen anpil obstriksyon nan Atè yo, sitou sila yo ki gen Diabèt yo, kapab benefisye de yon operasyon Bypass (Baypass) aprè epizòd Enfat la pase epi pasyan an estab. Maladi Kadyak Iskemik se premye kòz lanmò nan [[lemonn]] antye. Risk ki asosye ak li se : prezans yon pwoblèm kadyovaskilè, granmoun, sèks maskilen, Fimen [[tabak]], [[tansyon]] (Ipètansyon), pwoblèm kolestewòl, dyabèt, mank ekzèsis, [[obezite]], maladi nan ren, Konsomasyon alkòl eksesif, Itilizasyon yon seri de [[dwòg]] tankou [[Kokayin]], epi Estrès. == Referans == {{referans}} [[kategori:medsin]] ia5qm48j2mhkxaatp0a2auillwst3p4 Thélyson Orélien 0 62493 889122 889080 2026-10-22T20:00:14Z Nimmzo 37580 /* Akizasyon sou itilizasyon entèlijans atifisyèl */ +ref 889122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Thélyson Orélien |foto=Thélyson Orélien.jpg |tèks=Thélyson Orélien |fonksyon=powèt, ekriven, jounalis |dat nesans=23 me 1988 |lye nesans=[[Gonayiv (komin)|Gonayiv]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |nasyonalite=ayisyen |zèv=''C'était ça ou mourir'' }} '''Thélyson Orélien''', ki fèt nan dat 23 me 1988 nan [[Gonayiv (komin)|Gonayiv]], se yon [[powèt]], [[ekriven]] ak jounalis [[ayisyen]] k ap viv nan [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Joubert Joseph |title=Thélyson Orélien : L’écho d’une écriture née du silence |url=https://lenouvelliste.com/article/256361/thelyson-orelien-lecho-dune-ecriture-nee-du-silence |website=Le Nouvelliste |date=2025-05-21 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> Woman li ''C'était ça ou mourir'' resevwa plizyè pri literè an 2026, pami yo ''Prix du roman Fnac''.<ref name="Fnac">{{cite web |title=C'était ça ou mourir, de Thélyson Orélien, lauréat du Prix du roman Fnac 2026 |url=https://actualitte.com/article/134047/prix-litteraires/c-etait-ca-ou-mourir-de-thelyson-orelien-laureat-du-prix-du-roman-fnac-2026 |website=ActuaLitté |date=2026-09-21 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> == Byografi == Orélien grandi nan Gonayiv nan yon fanmi pwotestan ki pale kreyòl lakay. Li se twazyèm nan senk pitit. Papa l te kontab, manman l te koutiryè, epi li te ale nan yon lekòl prive katolik.<ref name="NYT">{{cite web |author=Norimitsu Onishi |title=Quebec Novelist Shines a Harsh Spotlight on Migration, and on Trump's America |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/05/11/world/canada/thelyson-orelien-haiti-us-canada-migration.html |website=The New York Times |date=2026-05-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> Li etidye dwa nan Inivèsite Leta Ayiti, nan [[Pòtoprens]]. Apre tranblemanntè janvye 2010 la, li al viv nan Kanada, kote li gen fanmi. Li kontinye etid li nan ekonomi ak syans politik nan Inivèsite Monreyal.<ref name="NYT" /><ref name="Ayibo">{{cite web |title=Thélyson Orélien |url=https://ayibopost.com/author/orelient/ |website=AyiboPost |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> == Travay literè ak jounalis == === Pwezi ak premye piblikasyon === Pami premye piblikasyon Orélien yo genyen ''Au-delà du silence'' (2006), ''Les Couleurs de ma terre'' (2007), ''Poèmes déshabillés suivi de Fragments de voix'' (2011) ak ''Le temps qui reste'' (2015).<ref name="Monneveux">{{cite web |author=Philippe Monneveux |title=La poésie haïtienne des origines à nos jours |url=https://sens-public.org/articles/1572/ |website=Sens public |date=2021-04-23 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> An 2007, li resevwa premye pri nan kategori ''Langue apprise'' nan konkou ''Prix interrégional jeunes auteurs'' (PIJA), nan [[Swis]].<ref name="PIJA">{{cite web |title=Palmarès PIJA 1994–2009 |url=https://pija.ch/palmares/palmares-pija-1994-2009/ |website=Prix interrégional jeunes auteurs |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> Powèm li ''Les Couleurs de ma terre'' parèt nan antoloji ''La Poésie'', nan Éditions de l'Hèbe. An 2009, li finalis nan ''Prix Arthur Rimbaud'' ak ''L'Ombre qui colle à mes pas''.<ref name="Africultures">{{cite web |title=Thélyson Orélien |url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=20403 |website=Africultures |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> Li patisipe nan platfòm literè sou entènèt ''Parole en Archipel''. Tèks li parèt nan antoloji ak revi literè, tankou ''Rimbaud 009'', ''Ancre des dattes'' ak ''IntranQu'îllités''.<ref name="Africultures" /> Li ekri kwonik tou pou ''AyiboPost''.<ref name="Ayibo" /> Woman li ''Le rêve de la mer Noire'', ki poko te pibliye lè yo anonse rezilta a, resevwa ''Prix Amaranthe 2024''.<ref name="Amaranthe">{{cite web |author=Joubert Joseph |title=Thélyson Orélien : l’écriture comme territoire, la parole comme engagement |url=https://lenouvelliste.com/article/256424/thelyson-orelien-lecriture-comme-territoire-la-parole-comme-engagement |website=Le Nouvelliste |date=2025-05-23 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> === ''C'était ça ou mourir'' === Woman ''C'était ça ou mourir'' parèt nan Éditions du Boréal nan mwa mas 2026. Edisyon franse a parèt nan Grasset 19 out menm ane a.<ref name="Fnac" /> Yon atik AFP nan ''Le Nouvelliste'' rapòte kritik ak lektè yo byen akeyi woman an. Fenomen,<ref>{{cite web |title=France’s Fall Publishing Season: Thélyson Orélien Emerges as a Literary Phenomenon |url=https://lenouvelliste.com/en/article/271937/frances-fall-publishing-season-thelyson-orelien-emerges-as-a-literary-phenomenon |website=Le Nouvelliste AFP |date=2026-09-15 |language=en |access-date=2026-09-23}}</ref> evènman, «eskandal»: pandan polemik la, Chantal Guy pibliye nan ''La Presse'' yon kwonik ki gen tit «Pa wont paske ou te renmen ''C’était ça ou mourir''».<ref>{{cite web |last=Guy |first=Chantal |title=N’ayez pas honte d’avoir aimé "C’était ça ou mourir" |url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/chroniques/2026-09-25/thelyson-orelien/n-ayez-pas-honte-d-avoir-aime-c-etait-ca-ou-mourir.php |website=La Presse |date=2026-09-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-26}}</ref> Liv la rakonte istwa Jonas<ref>{{cite web |last1=Clairouin |last2=Reynaud |last3=Six |last4=Szadkowski |first1=Olivier |first2=Florian |first3=Nicolas |first4=Michaël |title=Thélyson Orélien accusé d’avoir utilisé l’IA pour son livre « C’était ça ou mourir » |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2026/09/22/thelyson-orelien-accuse-d-avoir-utilise-l-ia-pour-son-livre-c-etait-ca-ou-mourir_6780300_4408996.html |website=Le Monde |date=2026-09-22 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-23}}</ref> Dorléon, yon pwofesè ayisyen ki kite Pòtoprens akoz vyolans gang yo. Li travèse plizyè peyi nan Amerik la, tankou Repiblik Dominikèn, Brezil, Meksik ak Etazini, pandan l ap chèche rive Kanada.<ref name="Fnac" /> Orélien sèvi ak temwayaj migran li rankontre ak rechèch li fè pandan vwayaj Ozetazini pou prepare woman an.<ref name="NYT" /> Orélien voye maniskri a bay Boréal san mezon edisyon an pa t mande l sa. Anvan piblikasyon liv la nan Kebèk, dwa piblikasyon li te deja vann nan 22 peyi.<ref name="NYT" /> An 2026, woman an resevwa ''Prix Méduse'', ''Prix Première Plume'', ''Prix Roman News'' ak ''Prix du roman Fnac''.<ref name="Fnac" /> Yo te chwazi l tou pou ''Prix Strasbourg Espoir CIC''.<ref name="Strasbourg">{{cite web |title=Prix Strasbourg : découvrez les auteurs récompensés pour « leur engagement et leur courage » |url=https://www.leprogres.fr/culture-loisirs/2026/08/25/prix-strasbourg-decouvrez-les-auteurs-recompenses-pour-leur-engagement-et-leur-courage |website=Le Progrès |date=2026-08-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> Li parèt tou nan premye seleksyon pou pri Goncourt, Renaudot, Femina, Médicis ak Décembre.<ref name="Fnac" /> Nan dat 25 septanm 2026, Académie Goncourt retire ''C’était ça ou mourir'' nan seleksyon li. Akademi an jistifye desizyon an ak sa li konsidere kòm plajya ak rezilta analiz ki sijere yon gwo itilizasyon entèlijans atifisyèl.<ref name="Goncourt">{{cite web |title=L’académie Goncourt supprime le roman de Thélyson Orélien de sa sélection pour le prix |trans-title=Académie Goncourt retire woman Thélyson Orélien nan seleksyon li pou pri a |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2026/09/25/l-academie-goncourt-supprime-le-roman-de-thelyson-orelien-de-sa-selection-pour-le-prix_6782457_3246.html |website=Le Monde AFP |date=2026-09-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref> Menm jou a, jiri ''Prix Strasbourg Espoir CIC'' la chwazi Amandine Agic pou resevwa pri a nan plas li.<ref>{{cite web |last=Paladino |first=Veneranda |title=Accusé d’avoir utilisé l’IA et de plagiat, Thélyson Orélien suspendu du prix Strasbourg Espoir CIC |trans-title=Yo akize Thélyson Orélien dèske li te itilize IA epi li te fè plajya, yo sispann patisipasyon li nan ''Prix Strasbourg Espoir CIC'' la |url=https://www.dna.fr/culture-loisirs/2026/09/25/accuse-d-avoir-utilise-l-ia-et-de-plagiat-thelyson-orelien-suspendu-du-prix-strasbourg-espoir-cic |website=DNA |date=2026-09-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref> === Akizasyon sou itilizasyon entèlijans atifisyèl === Nan dat 21 septanm 2026,<ref>{{cite web |last=Laïreche |first=Rachid |title=Thélyson Orélien, auteur du controversé «C’était ça ou mourir» : le destin blessé d’un exilé |url=https://www.liberation.fr/culture/livres/thelyson-orelien-auteur-du-controverse-cetait-ca-ou-mourir-le-destin-blesse-dun-exile-20260923_P73TJI3TRVELBOSIBEWRVW7F7E/ |website=Libération |date=2026-09-23 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-23}}</ref> yon kont anonim ki rele ''Balance ton Claude''<ref>{{cite web |last=Schofield |first=Hugh |title=Uproar in France over award-winning author accused of using AI |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ck7v4y45893go |website=BBC |date=2026-09-23 |language=en |access-date=2026-09-23}}</ref> sou rezo sosyal X akize Orélien dèske li ta sèvi ak [[entèlijans atifisyèl]] pou ekri prèske tout ''C'était ça ou mourir''. Kont lan baze akizasyon an sou rezilta tès li fè ak Pangram, yon lojisyèl ki fèt pou detekte tèks entèlijans atifisyèl pwodui.<ref name="IA">{{cite web |author=Hocine Bouhadjera |title=IA pas IA ? Thélyson Orélien et Grasset répondent, à droite on jubile |url=https://actualitte.com/article/134124/edition/ia-pas-ia-thelyson-orelien-et-grasset-repondent-a-droite-on-jubile |website=ActuaLitté |date=2026-09-22 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> ''Franceinfo'' fè pwòp tès pa li sou plizyè pasaj nan woman an. Dapre medya a, Pangram klase tout pasaj Franceinfo soumèt yo kòm tèks ki ekri avèk èd entèlijans atifisyèl. Pou konpare, medya a teste de tèks Orélien te ekri anvan, ansanm ak ekstrè kat lòt woman ki parèt nan menm sezon literè a. Lojisyèl la klase de ansyen tèks Orélien yo kòm tèks moun ekri, epi li bay ekstrè lòt woman yo rezilta ant 99 ak 100 pousan tèks moun ekri. Medya a presize rezilta sa yo pa yon prèv definitif sou fason woman an te ekri.<ref>{{cite web |title=L'écrivain Thélyson Orélien a-t-il utilisé l'intelligence artificielle pour écrire son premier roman « C'était ça ou mourir » ? |url=https://www.franceinfo.fr/replay-radio/le-vrai-du-faux/l-ecrivain-thelyson-orelien-a-t-il-utilise-l-intelligence-artificielle-pour-ecrire-son-premier-roman-c-etait-ca-ou-mourir_8183894.html |website=Franceinfo |date=2026-09-22 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> Orélien demanti akizasyon an.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rivet |first=Jérôme |title=Thélyson Orélien dénonce une « volonté » de le « faire taire » |url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/litterature/2026-09-24/accuse-d-avoir-utilise-l-ia/thelyson-orelien-denonce-une-volonte-de-le-faire-taire.php |website=La Presse AFP |date=2026-09-24 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-24}}</ref> Li di li kòmanse ekri woman an an 2017 epi li fini premye vèsyon an an 2019. Dapre li, imaj, repetisyon ak ritm nan tèks la soti nan tradisyon literè ayisyen ak karayibeyen. Li di tou li sibi atak rasis. Okòmansman, mezon edisyon Grasset ak Boréal deklare yo toujou gen konfyans nan li. Nan atik li sou polemik la, ''ActuaLitté'' fè remake rezilta detektè yo pa etabli ki jan maniskri a te ekri.<ref name="IA" /> Nan dat 24 septanm, Boréal sispann aktivite pwomosyon liv la pou pwoteje byennèt otè a. Mezon edisyon an presize li pa kapab ni konfime ni demanti akizasyon yo nan etap sa a, epi li mande pou moun pa prese tire konklizyon.<ref name="Goncourt" /> Nan dat 13 oktòb 2026, Orélien te di AFP li pa t sèvi ak entèlijans atifisyèl pou l ekri woman li an. Nan kèk premye travay li yo, te gen "erè ki pa akseptab" ki te gen rapò ak plagya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Haitian-Canadian writer Thélyson Orélien denies using AI to write hit debut novel |trans-title=Ekriven ayisyen-kanadyen Thélyson Orélien refize sèvi ak entèlijans atifisyèl pou ekri premye woman li ki tounen yon siksè. |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2026/10/13/thelyson-orelien-haitian-canadian-writer-denies-using-ai-to-write-hit-debut-novel_6758562_7.html |website=Le Monde AFP |date=2026-10-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-13}}</ref> Nan dat 21 oktòb 2026, Boréal<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bergeron |first1=Ulysse |last2=Maalouf |first2=Laila |title=Les Éditions du Boréal lâchent Thélyson Orélien |trans-title=Edisyon Boréal yo lage Thélyson Orélien |url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/litterature/2026-10-21/recours-a-l-ia-pour-c-etait-ca-ou-mourir/les-editions-du-boreal-lachent-thelyson-orelien.php |website=La Presse |date=2026-10-21 |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> anonse li mete fen nan kolaborasyon li ak otè a. Kay edisyon kanadyen<ref>{{cite web |title=Les Éditions du Boréal mettent fin à leur collaboration avec Thélyson Orélien |trans-title=Edisyon Boréal yo mete fen nan kolaborasyon yo ak Thélyson Orélien |url=https://www.editionsboreal.qc.ca/actualites/18-les-editions-du-boreal-mettent-fin-a-leur-collaboration-avec-thelyson-orelien.html |website=Les Éditions du Boréal |date=2026-10-21 |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> an p ap pibliye okenn lòt liv ekriven Thélyson Orélien ankò,<ref>{{cite web |last=Guy |first=Chantal |title=La fin d’un supplice |trans-title=Fen yon soufrans |url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/chroniques/2026-10-22/c-etait-ca-ou-mourir/la-fin-d-un-supplice.php |website=La Presse |date=2026-10-22 |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> epi li konkli: «Nous ne ferons pas d’autres commentaires sur le sujet.» (Nou p ap fè lòt kòmantè sou sijè a). == Zèv li yo == === Woman === * ''Éternels amants''. Éditions des Marges, 2023. ISBN 979-10-359-8372-7.<ref>{{cite web |title=Éternels amants |url=https://www.moliere.com/fr/orelien-thelyson-eternels-amants-9791035983727.html |website=Librairie Molière |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> * ''C'était ça ou mourir''. Éditions du Boréal, 2026; edisyon franse nan Grasset, 2026.<ref name="Fnac" /> === Pwezi === * ''Au-delà du silence'' (2006).<ref name="Monneveux" /> * ''Les Couleurs de ma terre'' (2007), nan antoloji ''La Poésie'', Éditions de l'Hèbe.<ref name="Africultures" /><ref name="PIJA" /> * ''Poèmes déshabillés suivi de Fragments de voix'' (2011).<ref name="Monneveux" /> * ''Le temps qui reste'' (2015).<ref name="Monneveux" /> * ''Tant que le silence saigne, je parlerai''. Éditions Rocheuses, edisyon 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tant que le silence saigne, je parlerai |url=https://www.amazon.sg/Tant-silence-saigne-parlerai-French/dp/B0F4995D89 |website=Amazon.sg |language=en |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> === Esè === * ''Penser le mot en N : Cartographie d'une blessure vivante'' (2024).<ref>{{cite web |author=Pierre Assouline |title=Le choc Thélyson Orélien |url=https://larepubliquedeslivres.com/le-choc-thelyson-orelien/ |website=La République des livres |date=2026-08-24 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen ekstèn == Sit entènèt ofisyèl otè a pa aksesib ankò sou entènèt. <!-- * [https://thelysonorelien.com/ Sit entènèt Thélyson Orélien] (an franse) --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Orelien, Thelyson}} [[Kategori:Ekriven ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1988]] 9s26qbn0849ukrgd24sezoybbobwhna 889130 889122 2026-10-23T03:07:55Z Kitanago 19629 Infobx ekriven 889130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox ekriven |non=Thélyson Orélien |imaj=Thélyson Orélien.jpg |tèks=Thélyson Orélien |aktivite=powèt, ekriven, jounalis |dat nesans=23 me 1988 |lye nesans=[[Gonayiv (komin)|Gonayiv]] |peyi nesans=[[Ayiti]] |nasyonalite=ayisyen |zèv prensipal =''C'était ça ou mourir'' |lang = fransè }} '''Thélyson Orélien''', ki fèt nan dat 23 me 1988 nan [[Gonayiv (komin)|Gonayiv]], se yon [[powèt]], [[ekriven]] ak jounalis [[ayisyen]] k ap viv nan [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Joubert Joseph |title=Thélyson Orélien : L’écho d’une écriture née du silence |url=https://lenouvelliste.com/article/256361/thelyson-orelien-lecho-dune-ecriture-nee-du-silence |website=Le Nouvelliste |date=2025-05-21 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> Woman li ''C'était ça ou mourir'' resevwa plizyè pri literè an 2026, pami yo ''Prix du roman Fnac''.<ref name="Fnac">{{cite web |title=C'était ça ou mourir, de Thélyson Orélien, lauréat du Prix du roman Fnac 2026 |url=https://actualitte.com/article/134047/prix-litteraires/c-etait-ca-ou-mourir-de-thelyson-orelien-laureat-du-prix-du-roman-fnac-2026 |website=ActuaLitté |date=2026-09-21 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> == Byografi == Orélien grandi nan Gonayiv nan yon fanmi pwotestan ki pale kreyòl lakay. Li se twazyèm nan senk pitit. Papa l te kontab, manman l te koutiryè, epi li te ale nan yon lekòl prive katolik.<ref name="NYT">{{cite web |author=Norimitsu Onishi |title=Quebec Novelist Shines a Harsh Spotlight on Migration, and on Trump's America |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/05/11/world/canada/thelyson-orelien-haiti-us-canada-migration.html |website=The New York Times |date=2026-05-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> Li etidye dwa nan Inivèsite Leta Ayiti, nan [[Pòtoprens]]. Apre tranblemanntè janvye 2010 la, li al viv nan Kanada, kote li gen fanmi. Li kontinye etid li nan ekonomi ak syans politik nan Inivèsite Monreyal.<ref name="NYT" /><ref name="Ayibo">{{cite web |title=Thélyson Orélien |url=https://ayibopost.com/author/orelient/ |website=AyiboPost |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> == Travay literè ak jounalis == === Pwezi ak premye piblikasyon === Pami premye piblikasyon Orélien yo genyen ''Au-delà du silence'' (2006), ''Les Couleurs de ma terre'' (2007), ''Poèmes déshabillés suivi de Fragments de voix'' (2011) ak ''Le temps qui reste'' (2015).<ref name="Monneveux">{{cite web |author=Philippe Monneveux |title=La poésie haïtienne des origines à nos jours |url=https://sens-public.org/articles/1572/ |website=Sens public |date=2021-04-23 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> An 2007, li resevwa premye pri nan kategori ''Langue apprise'' nan konkou ''Prix interrégional jeunes auteurs'' (PIJA), nan [[Swis]].<ref name="PIJA">{{cite web |title=Palmarès PIJA 1994–2009 |url=https://pija.ch/palmares/palmares-pija-1994-2009/ |website=Prix interrégional jeunes auteurs |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> Powèm li ''Les Couleurs de ma terre'' parèt nan antoloji ''La Poésie'', nan Éditions de l'Hèbe. An 2009, li finalis nan ''Prix Arthur Rimbaud'' ak ''L'Ombre qui colle à mes pas''.<ref name="Africultures">{{cite web |title=Thélyson Orélien |url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=20403 |website=Africultures |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> Li patisipe nan platfòm literè sou entènèt ''Parole en Archipel''. Tèks li parèt nan antoloji ak revi literè, tankou ''Rimbaud 009'', ''Ancre des dattes'' ak ''IntranQu'îllités''.<ref name="Africultures" /> Li ekri kwonik tou pou ''AyiboPost''.<ref name="Ayibo" /> Woman li ''Le rêve de la mer Noire'', ki poko te pibliye lè yo anonse rezilta a, resevwa ''Prix Amaranthe 2024''.<ref name="Amaranthe">{{cite web |author=Joubert Joseph |title=Thélyson Orélien : l’écriture comme territoire, la parole comme engagement |url=https://lenouvelliste.com/article/256424/thelyson-orelien-lecriture-comme-territoire-la-parole-comme-engagement |website=Le Nouvelliste |date=2025-05-23 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> === ''C'était ça ou mourir'' === Woman ''C'était ça ou mourir'' parèt nan Éditions du Boréal nan mwa mas 2026. Edisyon franse a parèt nan Grasset 19 out menm ane a.<ref name="Fnac" /> Yon atik AFP nan ''Le Nouvelliste'' rapòte kritik ak lektè yo byen akeyi woman an. Fenomen,<ref>{{cite web |title=France’s Fall Publishing Season: Thélyson Orélien Emerges as a Literary Phenomenon |url=https://lenouvelliste.com/en/article/271937/frances-fall-publishing-season-thelyson-orelien-emerges-as-a-literary-phenomenon |website=Le Nouvelliste AFP |date=2026-09-15 |language=en |access-date=2026-09-23}}</ref> evènman, «eskandal»: pandan polemik la, Chantal Guy pibliye nan ''La Presse'' yon kwonik ki gen tit «Pa wont paske ou te renmen ''C’était ça ou mourir''».<ref>{{cite web |last=Guy |first=Chantal |title=N’ayez pas honte d’avoir aimé "C’était ça ou mourir" |url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/chroniques/2026-09-25/thelyson-orelien/n-ayez-pas-honte-d-avoir-aime-c-etait-ca-ou-mourir.php |website=La Presse |date=2026-09-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-26}}</ref> Liv la rakonte istwa Jonas<ref>{{cite web |last1=Clairouin |last2=Reynaud |last3=Six |last4=Szadkowski |first1=Olivier |first2=Florian |first3=Nicolas |first4=Michaël |title=Thélyson Orélien accusé d’avoir utilisé l’IA pour son livre « C’était ça ou mourir » |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2026/09/22/thelyson-orelien-accuse-d-avoir-utilise-l-ia-pour-son-livre-c-etait-ca-ou-mourir_6780300_4408996.html |website=Le Monde |date=2026-09-22 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-23}}</ref> Dorléon, yon pwofesè ayisyen ki kite Pòtoprens akoz vyolans gang yo. Li travèse plizyè peyi nan Amerik la, tankou Repiblik Dominikèn, Brezil, Meksik ak Etazini, pandan l ap chèche rive Kanada.<ref name="Fnac" /> Orélien sèvi ak temwayaj migran li rankontre ak rechèch li fè pandan vwayaj Ozetazini pou prepare woman an.<ref name="NYT" /> Orélien voye maniskri a bay Boréal san mezon edisyon an pa t mande l sa. Anvan piblikasyon liv la nan Kebèk, dwa piblikasyon li te deja vann nan 22 peyi.<ref name="NYT" /> An 2026, woman an resevwa ''Prix Méduse'', ''Prix Première Plume'', ''Prix Roman News'' ak ''Prix du roman Fnac''.<ref name="Fnac" /> Yo te chwazi l tou pou ''Prix Strasbourg Espoir CIC''.<ref name="Strasbourg">{{cite web |title=Prix Strasbourg : découvrez les auteurs récompensés pour « leur engagement et leur courage » |url=https://www.leprogres.fr/culture-loisirs/2026/08/25/prix-strasbourg-decouvrez-les-auteurs-recompenses-pour-leur-engagement-et-leur-courage |website=Le Progrès |date=2026-08-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> Li parèt tou nan premye seleksyon pou pri Goncourt, Renaudot, Femina, Médicis ak Décembre.<ref name="Fnac" /> Nan dat 25 septanm 2026, Académie Goncourt retire ''C’était ça ou mourir'' nan seleksyon li. Akademi an jistifye desizyon an ak sa li konsidere kòm plajya ak rezilta analiz ki sijere yon gwo itilizasyon entèlijans atifisyèl.<ref name="Goncourt">{{cite web |title=L’académie Goncourt supprime le roman de Thélyson Orélien de sa sélection pour le prix |trans-title=Académie Goncourt retire woman Thélyson Orélien nan seleksyon li pou pri a |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2026/09/25/l-academie-goncourt-supprime-le-roman-de-thelyson-orelien-de-sa-selection-pour-le-prix_6782457_3246.html |website=Le Monde AFP |date=2026-09-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref> Menm jou a, jiri ''Prix Strasbourg Espoir CIC'' la chwazi Amandine Agic pou resevwa pri a nan plas li.<ref>{{cite web |last=Paladino |first=Veneranda |title=Accusé d’avoir utilisé l’IA et de plagiat, Thélyson Orélien suspendu du prix Strasbourg Espoir CIC |trans-title=Yo akize Thélyson Orélien dèske li te itilize IA epi li te fè plajya, yo sispann patisipasyon li nan ''Prix Strasbourg Espoir CIC'' la |url=https://www.dna.fr/culture-loisirs/2026/09/25/accuse-d-avoir-utilise-l-ia-et-de-plagiat-thelyson-orelien-suspendu-du-prix-strasbourg-espoir-cic |website=DNA |date=2026-09-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref> === Akizasyon sou itilizasyon entèlijans atifisyèl === Nan dat 21 septanm 2026,<ref>{{cite web |last=Laïreche |first=Rachid |title=Thélyson Orélien, auteur du controversé «C’était ça ou mourir» : le destin blessé d’un exilé |url=https://www.liberation.fr/culture/livres/thelyson-orelien-auteur-du-controverse-cetait-ca-ou-mourir-le-destin-blesse-dun-exile-20260923_P73TJI3TRVELBOSIBEWRVW7F7E/ |website=Libération |date=2026-09-23 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-23}}</ref> yon kont anonim ki rele ''Balance ton Claude''<ref>{{cite web |last=Schofield |first=Hugh |title=Uproar in France over award-winning author accused of using AI |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ck7v4y45893go |website=BBC |date=2026-09-23 |language=en |access-date=2026-09-23}}</ref> sou rezo sosyal X akize Orélien dèske li ta sèvi ak [[entèlijans atifisyèl]] pou ekri prèske tout ''C'était ça ou mourir''. Kont lan baze akizasyon an sou rezilta tès li fè ak Pangram, yon lojisyèl ki fèt pou detekte tèks entèlijans atifisyèl pwodui.<ref name="IA">{{cite web |author=Hocine Bouhadjera |title=IA pas IA ? Thélyson Orélien et Grasset répondent, à droite on jubile |url=https://actualitte.com/article/134124/edition/ia-pas-ia-thelyson-orelien-et-grasset-repondent-a-droite-on-jubile |website=ActuaLitté |date=2026-09-22 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> ''Franceinfo'' fè pwòp tès pa li sou plizyè pasaj nan woman an. Dapre medya a, Pangram klase tout pasaj Franceinfo soumèt yo kòm tèks ki ekri avèk èd entèlijans atifisyèl. Pou konpare, medya a teste de tèks Orélien te ekri anvan, ansanm ak ekstrè kat lòt woman ki parèt nan menm sezon literè a. Lojisyèl la klase de ansyen tèks Orélien yo kòm tèks moun ekri, epi li bay ekstrè lòt woman yo rezilta ant 99 ak 100 pousan tèks moun ekri. Medya a presize rezilta sa yo pa yon prèv definitif sou fason woman an te ekri.<ref>{{cite web |title=L'écrivain Thélyson Orélien a-t-il utilisé l'intelligence artificielle pour écrire son premier roman « C'était ça ou mourir » ? |url=https://www.franceinfo.fr/replay-radio/le-vrai-du-faux/l-ecrivain-thelyson-orelien-a-t-il-utilise-l-intelligence-artificielle-pour-ecrire-son-premier-roman-c-etait-ca-ou-mourir_8183894.html |website=Franceinfo |date=2026-09-22 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> Orélien demanti akizasyon an.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rivet |first=Jérôme |title=Thélyson Orélien dénonce une « volonté » de le « faire taire » |url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/litterature/2026-09-24/accuse-d-avoir-utilise-l-ia/thelyson-orelien-denonce-une-volonte-de-le-faire-taire.php |website=La Presse AFP |date=2026-09-24 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-24}}</ref> Li di li kòmanse ekri woman an an 2017 epi li fini premye vèsyon an an 2019. Dapre li, imaj, repetisyon ak ritm nan tèks la soti nan tradisyon literè ayisyen ak karayibeyen. Li di tou li sibi atak rasis. Okòmansman, mezon edisyon Grasset ak Boréal deklare yo toujou gen konfyans nan li. Nan atik li sou polemik la, ''ActuaLitté'' fè remake rezilta detektè yo pa etabli ki jan maniskri a te ekri.<ref name="IA" /> Nan dat 24 septanm, Boréal sispann aktivite pwomosyon liv la pou pwoteje byennèt otè a. Mezon edisyon an presize li pa kapab ni konfime ni demanti akizasyon yo nan etap sa a, epi li mande pou moun pa prese tire konklizyon.<ref name="Goncourt" /> Nan dat 13 oktòb 2026, Orélien te di AFP li pa t sèvi ak entèlijans atifisyèl pou l ekri woman li an. Nan kèk premye travay li yo, te gen "erè ki pa akseptab" ki te gen rapò ak plagya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Haitian-Canadian writer Thélyson Orélien denies using AI to write hit debut novel |trans-title=Ekriven ayisyen-kanadyen Thélyson Orélien refize sèvi ak entèlijans atifisyèl pou ekri premye woman li ki tounen yon siksè. |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2026/10/13/thelyson-orelien-haitian-canadian-writer-denies-using-ai-to-write-hit-debut-novel_6758562_7.html |website=Le Monde AFP |date=2026-10-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-13}}</ref> Nan dat 21 oktòb 2026, Boréal<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bergeron |first1=Ulysse |last2=Maalouf |first2=Laila |title=Les Éditions du Boréal lâchent Thélyson Orélien |trans-title=Edisyon Boréal yo lage Thélyson Orélien |url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/litterature/2026-10-21/recours-a-l-ia-pour-c-etait-ca-ou-mourir/les-editions-du-boreal-lachent-thelyson-orelien.php |website=La Presse |date=2026-10-21 |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> anonse li mete fen nan kolaborasyon li ak otè a. Kay edisyon kanadyen<ref>{{cite web |title=Les Éditions du Boréal mettent fin à leur collaboration avec Thélyson Orélien |trans-title=Edisyon Boréal yo mete fen nan kolaborasyon yo ak Thélyson Orélien |url=https://www.editionsboreal.qc.ca/actualites/18-les-editions-du-boreal-mettent-fin-a-leur-collaboration-avec-thelyson-orelien.html |website=Les Éditions du Boréal |date=2026-10-21 |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> an p ap pibliye okenn lòt liv ekriven Thélyson Orélien ankò,<ref>{{cite web |last=Guy |first=Chantal |title=La fin d’un supplice |trans-title=Fen yon soufrans |url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/chroniques/2026-10-22/c-etait-ca-ou-mourir/la-fin-d-un-supplice.php |website=La Presse |date=2026-10-22 |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> epi li konkli: «Nous ne ferons pas d’autres commentaires sur le sujet.» (Nou p ap fè lòt kòmantè sou sijè a). == Zèv li yo == === Woman === * ''Éternels amants''. Éditions des Marges, 2023. ISBN 979-10-359-8372-7.<ref>{{cite web |title=Éternels amants |url=https://www.moliere.com/fr/orelien-thelyson-eternels-amants-9791035983727.html |website=Librairie Molière |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> * ''C'était ça ou mourir''. Éditions du Boréal, 2026; edisyon franse nan Grasset, 2026.<ref name="Fnac" /> === Pwezi === * ''Au-delà du silence'' (2006).<ref name="Monneveux" /> * ''Les Couleurs de ma terre'' (2007), nan antoloji ''La Poésie'', Éditions de l'Hèbe.<ref name="Africultures" /><ref name="PIJA" /> * ''Poèmes déshabillés suivi de Fragments de voix'' (2011).<ref name="Monneveux" /> * ''Le temps qui reste'' (2015).<ref name="Monneveux" /> * ''Tant que le silence saigne, je parlerai''. Éditions Rocheuses, edisyon 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tant que le silence saigne, je parlerai |url=https://www.amazon.sg/Tant-silence-saigne-parlerai-French/dp/B0F4995D89 |website=Amazon.sg |language=en |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> === Esè === * ''Penser le mot en N : Cartographie d'une blessure vivante'' (2024).<ref>{{cite web |author=Pierre Assouline |title=Le choc Thélyson Orélien |url=https://larepubliquedeslivres.com/le-choc-thelyson-orelien/ |website=La République des livres |date=2026-08-24 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-22}}</ref> == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen ekstèn == Sit entènèt ofisyèl otè a pa aksesib ankò sou entènèt. <!-- * [https://thelysonorelien.com/ Sit entènèt Thélyson Orélien] (an franse) --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Orelien, Thelyson}} [[Kategori:Ekriven ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1988]] qbzhp7wq83oor14i47jdkkuv5v4oyus Lis Premye Minis Ayiti 0 67582 889120 870745 2026-10-22T17:08:10Z ~2026-56512-00 40779 889120 wikitext text/x-wiki Atik sa a bay lis Premye Minis [[Ayiti]] depi etablisman biwo [[Premye Minis Ayiti |Premye Minis]] an 1988. == Lis Premye Minis (depi 1988) == {| class="wikitable centre" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |N° ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Premye Minis ! colspan="3" |Manda ! rowspan="2" |Pati politik ! rowspan="2" |Gouvènman <small>(kowalisyon)</small> |- !Komanseman !Fen !Dire |- | style="background:#008000" |1 |[[Fichye:Martial Celestin.jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Martial Célestin]] |9 fevriye 1988 |20 jen 1988 |{{Durée|9|2|1988|20|6|1988}} |San etikèt |[[Gouvènman Martial Célestin|Célestin]] <small>([[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Rasanbleman Demokrat]])</small> |- | style="background:#008000" |2 |[[Fichye:Namphy 1986 (cropped).jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Henri Namphy]] |20 jen 1988 |17 septanm 1988 |{{Durée|20|6|1988|17|9|1988}} |San etikèt |[[Gouvènman Henri Namphy|Namphy]] <small>([[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandans]])</small> |- | style="background:#008000" |3 |[[Fichye:Prosper Avril in 2021.png|centré|226x226px]] |[[Prosper Avril]] |17 septanm 1988 |10 mas 1990 |{{Durée|17|9|1988|10|3|1990}} |San etikèt |[[Gouvènman Prosper Avril|Avril]] <small>([[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandans]])</small> |- | style="background:#008000" |4 |[[Fichye:Hérard Abraham 2005 (cropped).jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Hérard Abraham]] |10 mas 1990 |13 fevriye 1991 |{{Durée|10|3|1990|13|2|1991}} |San etikèt |[[Gouvènman Hérard Abraham|Abraham]] <small>([[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandans]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |5 |[[Fichye:René Préval president haiti.png|centré|226x226px]] |[[René Préval]] |13 fevriye 1991 |11 oktòb 1991 |{{Durée|13|2|1991|11|10|1991}} |[[Òganizasyon Pèp Kap Lite|OPL]] |[[Gouvènman René Préval|Préval I]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#008000" |6 |[[Fichye:Jean-Jacques Honorat.jpeg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Jean-Jacques Honorat]] |11 oktòb 1991 |19 jen 1992 |{{Durée|11|10|1991|19|6|1992}} |San etikèt |[[Gouvènman Jean-Jacques Honorat|Honorat]] <small>([[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandans]])</small> |- | style="background:#008000" |7 |[[Fichye:Prime minister haitian Marc Bazin.jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Marc Bazin]] |19 jen 1992 |30 out 1993 |{{Durée|19|6|1992|30|8|1993}} |[[Mouvman pou Etablisman Demokrasi an Ayiti|MEDA]] |[[Gouvènman Marc Bazin|Bazin]] <small>([[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Alyans Nasyonal pou Pwogrè]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |8 |[[Fichye:Robert Malval.jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Robert Malval]] |30 out 1993 |8 novanm 1994 |{{Durée|30|8|1993|8|11|1994}} |San etikèt |[[Gouvènman Robert Malval|Malval]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |9 |[[Fichye:Prime minister haitian Smarck Michel.jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Smarck Michel]] |8 novanm 1994 |7 novanm 1995 |{{Durée|8|11|1994|7|11|1995}} |[[Fanmi Lavalas|Fanmi Lavalas]] |[[Gouvènman Smarck Michel|Michel]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |10 |[[Fichye:Claudette Werleigh 1993 (cropped).jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Claudette Werleigh]] |7 novanm 1995 |27 fevriye 1996 |{{Durée|7|11|1995|27|2|1996}} |[[Fanmi Lavalas|Fanmi Lavalas]] |[[Gouvènman Claudette Werleigh|Werleigh]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |11 |[[Fichye:Rosny Smarth 2016 (cropped).jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Rosny Smarth]] |27 fevriye 1996 |20 oktòb 1997 |{{Durée|27|2|1996|20|10|1997}} |[[Òganizasyon Pèp Kap Lite|OPL]] |[[Gouvènman Rosny Smarth|Smarth]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |12 |[[Fichye:René Préval president haiti.png|centré|226x226px]] |[[René Préval]] |20 oktòb 1997 |26 mas 1999 |{{Durée|20|10|1997|26|3|1999}} |[[Òganizasyon Pèp Kap Lite|OPL]] |[[Gouvènman René Préval II|Préval II]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |13 |[[Fichye:Prime minister Jacques Edouard Alexis.png|centré|226x226px]] |[[Jacques-Édouard Alexis]] |26 mas 1999 |2 mas 2001 |{{Durée|26|3|1999|2|3|2001}} |[[Mobilizasyon pou Pwogrè|MPP]] |[[Gouvènman Jacques-Édouard Alexis|Alexis I]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |14 |[[Fichye:Jean Marie Cherestal.jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Jean-Marie Chérestal]] |2 mas 2001 |15 mas 2002 |{{Durée|2|3|2001|15|3|2002}} |[[Fanmi Lavalas]] |[[Gouvènman Jean-Marie Chérestal|Chérestal]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |15 |[[Fichye:Yvon Neptune.jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Yvon Neptune]] |15 mas 2002 |12 mas 2004 |{{Durée|15|3|2002|12|3|2004}} |[[Fanmi Lavalas]] |[[Gouvènman Yvon Neptune|Neptune]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- |} == Gade tou == * [[Premye Minis Ayiti]] * [[Istwa Ayiti]] * [[Lis prezidan Ayiti]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190328173907/https://www.haiti-reference.com/pages/plan/histoire-et-societe/notables/premiers-ministres-haitiens/ Premye Minis Ayiti] sou haiti-reference.com [[Kategori:Lis]] [[Kategori:Ayiti]] [[Kategori:Minis]] [[Kategori:Premye Minis]] [[Kategori:Premye Minis ayisyen]] emksnothekki0qyo3y9uxa3honqjv7a 889121 889120 2026-10-22T17:09:50Z ~2026-56512-00 40779 889121 wikitext text/x-wiki Atik sa a bay lis Premye Minis [[Ayiti]] depi etablisman biwo [[Premye Minis Ayiti |Premye Minis]] an 1988. == Lis Premye Minis (depi 1988) == {| class="wikitable centre" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |N° ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Premye Minis ! colspan="3" |Manda ! rowspan="2" |Pati politik ! rowspan="2" |Gouvènman <small>(kowalisyon)</small> |- !Komanseman !Fen !Dire |- | style="background:#008000" |1 |[[Fichye:Martial Celestin.jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Martial Célestin]] |9 fevriye 1988 |20 jen 1988 |{{Durée|9|2|1988|20|6|1988}} |San etikèt |[[Gouvènman Martial Célestin|Célestin]] <small>([[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Rasanbleman Demokrat]])</small> |- | style="background:#DFDFDF" |2 |[[Fichye:Namphy 1986 (cropped).jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Henri Namphy]] |20 jen 1988 |17 septanm 1988 |{{Durée|20|6|1988|17|9|1988}} |San etikèt |[[Gouvènman Henri Namphy|Namphy]] <small>([[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandans]])</small> |- | style="background:#DFDFDF" |3 |[[Fichye:Prosper Avril in 2021.png|centré|226x226px]] |[[Prosper Avril]] |17 septanm 1988 |10 mas 1990 |{{Durée|17|9|1988|10|3|1990}} |San etikèt |[[Gouvènman Prosper Avril|Avril]] <small>([[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandans]])</small> |- | style="background:#DFDFDF" |4 |[[Fichye:Hérard Abraham 2005 (cropped).jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Hérard Abraham]] |10 mas 1990 |13 fevriye 1991 |{{Durée|10|3|1990|13|2|1991}} |San etikèt |[[Gouvènman Hérard Abraham|Abraham]] <small>([[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandans]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |5 |[[Fichye:René Préval president haiti.png|centré|226x226px]] |[[René Préval]] |13 fevriye 1991 |11 oktòb 1991 |{{Durée|13|2|1991|11|10|1991}} |[[Òganizasyon Pèp Kap Lite|OPL]] |[[Gouvènman René Préval|Préval I]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#DFDFDF" |6 |[[Fichye:Jean-Jacques Honorat.jpeg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Jean-Jacques Honorat]] |11 oktòb 1991 |19 jen 1992 |{{Durée|11|10|1991|19|6|1992}} |San etikèt |[[Gouvènman Jean-Jacques Honorat|Honorat]] <small>([[Endepandans (politik)|Endepandans]])</small> |- | style="background:#008000" |7 |[[Fichye:Prime minister haitian Marc Bazin.jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Marc Bazin]] |19 jen 1992 |30 out 1993 |{{Durée|19|6|1992|30|8|1993}} |[[Mouvman pou Etablisman Demokrasi an Ayiti|MEDA]] |[[Gouvènman Marc Bazin|Bazin]] <small>([[Alyans sant-dwat (Ayiti)|Alyans Nasyonal pou Pwogrè]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |8 |[[Fichye:Robert Malval.jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Robert Malval]] |30 out 1993 |8 novanm 1994 |{{Durée|30|8|1993|8|11|1994}} |San etikèt |[[Gouvènman Robert Malval|Malval]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |9 |[[Fichye:Prime minister haitian Smarck Michel.jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Smarck Michel]] |8 novanm 1994 |7 novanm 1995 |{{Durée|8|11|1994|7|11|1995}} |[[Fanmi Lavalas|Fanmi Lavalas]] |[[Gouvènman Smarck Michel|Michel]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |10 |[[Fichye:Claudette Werleigh 1993 (cropped).jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Claudette Werleigh]] |7 novanm 1995 |27 fevriye 1996 |{{Durée|7|11|1995|27|2|1996}} |[[Fanmi Lavalas|Fanmi Lavalas]] |[[Gouvènman Claudette Werleigh|Werleigh]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |11 |[[Fichye:Rosny Smarth 2016 (cropped).jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Rosny Smarth]] |27 fevriye 1996 |20 oktòb 1997 |{{Durée|27|2|1996|20|10|1997}} |[[Òganizasyon Pèp Kap Lite|OPL]] |[[Gouvènman Rosny Smarth|Smarth]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |12 |[[Fichye:René Préval president haiti.png|centré|226x226px]] |[[René Préval]] |20 oktòb 1997 |26 mas 1999 |{{Durée|20|10|1997|26|3|1999}} |[[Òganizasyon Pèp Kap Lite|OPL]] |[[Gouvènman René Préval II|Préval II]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |13 |[[Fichye:Prime minister Jacques Edouard Alexis.png|centré|226x226px]] |[[Jacques-Édouard Alexis]] |26 mas 1999 |2 mas 2001 |{{Durée|26|3|1999|2|3|2001}} |[[Mobilizasyon pou Pwogrè|MPP]] |[[Gouvènman Jacques-Édouard Alexis|Alexis I]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |14 |[[Fichye:Jean Marie Cherestal.jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Jean-Marie Chérestal]] |2 mas 2001 |15 mas 2002 |{{Durée|2|3|2001|15|3|2002}} |[[Fanmi Lavalas]] |[[Gouvènman Jean-Marie Chérestal|Chérestal]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- | style="background:#0047AB" |15 |[[Fichye:Yvon Neptune.jpg|centré|226x226px]] |[[Yvon Neptune]] |15 mas 2002 |12 mas 2004 |{{Durée|15|3|2002|12|3|2004}} |[[Fanmi Lavalas]] |[[Gouvènman Yvon Neptune|Neptune]] <small>([[Inyon Goch (Ayiti)|Blòk Politik Lavalas]])</small> |- |} == Gade tou == * [[Premye Minis Ayiti]] * [[Istwa Ayiti]] * [[Lis prezidan Ayiti]] == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190328173907/https://www.haiti-reference.com/pages/plan/histoire-et-societe/notables/premiers-ministres-haitiens/ Premye Minis Ayiti] sou haiti-reference.com [[Kategori:Lis]] [[Kategori:Ayiti]] [[Kategori:Minis]] [[Kategori:Premye Minis]] [[Kategori:Premye Minis ayisyen]] fkvzrrntzzuotm3r7pwk9orxilfxbt5 Rejim politik 0 76695 889125 889082 2026-10-23T03:01:16Z Kitanago 19629 /* Endèks Demokrasi */ Modèl:Lejand/Kòmanse - Modèl:Lejand - Modèl:Lejand/Fini 889125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rejim politik''' oswa '''fòm gouvènman an''' refere a òganizasyon an nan pouvwa ak fonksyonnman yo nan yon antite politik. Tèm sa yo koresponn ak fòm enstitisyonèl pouvwa a, men tou ak pratik ki soti nan fòm enstitisyonèl sa a. Yo ale pi lwen pase etid konstitisyonèl (ki analize estrikti fòmèl yon eta) men yo pa dwe konfonn ak etid la nan sistèm politik (ki se mòd nan òganizasyon yon [[eta]]). Egzèsis pouvwa a trè enpòtan, paske pandan yo ap gen menm fòm enstitisyonèl la, rejim politik yo ka distenge selon pratik egzèsis pouvwa a. == Pye == Daprè Maurice Duverger :<ref> Institutions politiques et Droit constitutionnel PUF Thémis Paris 1965 </ref> "Nan baz nenpòt rejim politik se fenomèn esansyèl otorite, pouvwa, distenksyon ant gouvènan ak gouvène "" Nenpòt rejim politik ka defini kòm ansanm repons a kat (4) kalite prensipal pwoblèm yo " : * Otorite gouvènan yo ak dwa ak devwa sitwayen yo : Ki fondasyon pouvwa politik ki defini valè fondamantal rejim lan ? * Chwa gouvènan ak reprezantan sitwayen yo : Kouman yo deziyen moun ki resevwa fonksyon a ak pouvwa pou gouvène yon [[kolektivite piblik]] ? * Estrikti gouvènan : Sa yo se raman inik oswa monolitik. Kiyès yo ye, ki fòm òganizasyon yo e ki relasyon ini yo youn ak lòt ? * Evalyasyon, kontwòl ak limitasyon gouvènan yo : Kouman dwa ak devwa moun ki nan pouvwa yo atikile ak sa yo ki nan sitwayen ? Ki jan yo garanti youn ak lòt ? Ki jan yo kontwole epi pètèt fòse respè pou atribisyon yo, responsablite ak zòn libète respektif? == Tip == === Rejim totalitè === Travay Hannah Arendt, Carl Joachim Friedrich ak Raymond Aron defini karakteristik rejim totalitè a : * egzistans yon ideyoloji enfayib ak totalizan ; * lavi politik, sosyal ak ekonomik gouvène nan nivo prive ak piblik ; * egzistans yon sèl pati (pati-Eta) ki gen monopòl mwayen entèn kominikasyon mas yo ; * yon represyon vyolan opozisyon an atravè yon polis sekrè, objektif la se enkòpore laterè. Rejim fasis, nazi ak sovyetik yo ka wè sa tankou egzanp rejim politik totalitè, menm si Arendt konsidere peyi [[Itali]] fachis Mussolini kòm yon " totalitaris san siksè".<ref name="GENTILE">{{fr}} [http://www.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-moderne-et-contemporaine-2008-3-p-11.htm], Article du politiste italien Emilo Gentile sur la vision d'Arendt du fascisme.</ref> === Rejim otoritè === Nan ane 1960 yo, rejim parèt, sitou nan [[Chili]] (diktati militè Augusto Pinochet a) ak nan [[Espay]] (rejim frankis), ki pa te posib yo klase kòm rejim totalitè. Men, ni yo pa te [[demokrasi]] liberal yo. Syans politik modèn te tabli yon kategori entèmedyè, pa defo. Diferans ak rejim totalitè yo jan sa a : * absans ideyoloji totalizan ak enfayib ; * tolerans nan direksyon pou pouvwa deyò pati a inik ki te sou lèt la depann : Legliz la, lame a, patwon yo, biwokrasi a, elatriye ; * endepandans nan kèk pati nan lavi sosyal ak ekonomik, pa konplètman kontwole pa pouvwa yo ; * Ekstèminasyon, mwens sistematik, vyolan opozan yo. Diferans ak demokrasi liberal yo jan sa a : * absans eleksyon reyèl (li se yon fasad demokratik) ; * refi altènans nan pouvwa ; * absans pliralis politik ; * limitasyon libète piblik yo ; * echèk pou respekte Eta dwa. === Demokrasi liberal yo === Karakteristik prensipal yo nan kalite sa a nan rejim politik yo se : * konpetisyon elektoral : eleksyon yo regilye, yo pa sifraj inivèsèl epi yo rekonèt pliralis politik la ; * Eta dwa : libète fondamantal yo garanti, gen yon konstitisyon ki defini pouvwa yo nan branch yo diferan nan Eta a, gen tou yon separasyon ant esfè piblik la ak esfè prive a ; * divizyon an twa (3) pouvwa apa : pouvwa lejislati a, pouvwa egzekitif la ak pouvwa jidisyè a separe epi kontwole youn ak lòt ; * gouvènman majorite an : majorite a sou pouvwa a, pwoteksyon opozisyon an (minorite) garanti, altènans posib ; * separasyon ant Legliz ak Leta : netralite konfesyonèl nan Leta, trètman egal ant rejim relijye yo diferan, pa gen okenn sipò total pa Leta a nan depans sa yo ak aktivite nan konfesyon relijyèz yo. Sa a se yon kalite ideyal e li posib pou jwenn sèten eksepsyon tankou nan Grann Bretay kote Chèf leta a (kounye a Rèn nan) tou defini tèt la nan Legliz la anglikàn, oswa tankou nan [[Bèljik]] kote Leta Bèlj finanse edikasyon katolik. ==== Endèks Demokrasi ==== [[Fichye:Democracy_Index_2020.svg|alt=|thumb|Kat endèks demokrasi pa inite entèlijans ekonomis 2020 la : plis peyi a vèt, plis li konsidere kòm demokratik.<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://graphics.eiu.com/upload/topic-pages/democracy-index-2020/Democracy-map-2020-website.jpg|title=Democracy Index 2020|last=|first=|date=11 janvye 2019|website=graphics.eiu.com|publisher=Economist Intelligence Unit|archive-date=2020-08-08|access-date=}}</ref> ----{{col-begin}} {{col-break}} '''Demokrasi plen''' {{Lejand/Kòmanse}} {{Lejand|#006837;|9–10}} {{Lejand|#1a9850;|8–9}} {{Lejand/Fini}} {{col-break}} '''Demokrasi enpafè''' {{Lejand/Kòmanse}} {{Lejand|#66bd63;|7–8}} {{Lejand|#a6d96a;|6–7}} {{Lejand/Fini}} {{col-break}} '''Rejim ibrid''' {{Lejand/Kòmanse}} {{Lejand|#fee08b;|5–6}} {{Lejand|#fdae61;|4–5}} {{Lejand/Fin}} {{col-break}} '''Rejim otoritè''' {{Lejand/Kòmanse}} {{Lejand|#f46d43;|3–4}} {{Lejand|#d73027;|2–3}} {{Lejand|#a50026;|1–2}} {{Lejand|#cccccc;|Non déterminé}} {{Lejand/Fin}} {{col-end}} ]] === Anachi === Okòmansman konsidere kòm fòm dejenere ak patojèn demokrasi, Francis Dupuis-Déri pwopoze yo revize ki jan anachis pozisyone nan klasifikasyon kalitativ nan sistèm politik ak pwopoze fè li yon sistèm apa.<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite journal|last=Dupuis-Déri|first=Francis|year=2007|title=L’anarchie en philosophie politique : réflexions anarchistes sur la typologie traditionnelle des régimes politiques|url=https://www.academia.edu/2399849/L_anarchie_en_philosophie_politique_r%C3%A9flexions_anarchistes_sur_la_typologie_traditionnelle_des_r%C3%A9gimes_politiques|journal=Ateliers de l&#39;éthique|access-date=15 fevriye 2018}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://partage-le.com/2014/12/francis-dupuis-deri-lanarchie-dans-la-philosophie-politique-2007/|title=Francis Dupuis-Déri – L’anarchie dans la philosophie politique (2007) – Le Partage|website=partage-le.com|access-date=15 fevriye 2018}}</ref> Li distenge anachis ak demokrasi nan chache konsansis. Kote demokrasi a defini nan chwa majorite nan yon vòt, anachi kontinye deba a. Li relativize ant teyori politik ak reyalite e sijere chèchè a nan [[filozofi politik]] yo etidye tèm aktyèl sa a omwen yo dwe enspire pa li. {| class="wikitable" |+Tipoloji rejim politik ki entegre anachis kòm yon modèl estanda ! Ki moun ki gouvène ? Ki objektif ? ! Pyès moun ! Yon sèl ! Yon minorite ! Majorite a ! Tout |- | Pou byen komen an (kominote) | | Monachi | Aristokrasi | Demokrasi | Anachi |- | Pou enterè li yo (endividyèl) | Anomi | Despotis | [[Oligachi]] | Tirani (nan majorite a) | Endividyèl Anachi |} == Bibliyografi == * Mamoudou Gazibo ak Jane Jenson, ''Le politique comparée : Fondements, enjeux et approches théoriques'', [[Monreyal]], Les presses de l'Université de Montréal {{ISBN|2-7606-1886-2}} * Jean-Benoît Pilet, ''Régimes politiques des pays occidentaux'', [[Briksèl]], edisyon Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, 2008. == Gade tou == * Otoritaris * ''Politik'' Aristòt la * Lis fòm gouvènman an * Rejim palmantè * Rejim prezidansyèl * Rejim semi-prezidansyèl * Rejim Asanble * Miz an sèn pouvwa politik (medya, sitiyasyon retwospektiv) == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Politik]] qb3f5vdjzhoe65ln2s6wuei4084w9rk 889126 889125 2026-10-23T03:02:02Z Kitanago 19629 /* Endèks Demokrasi */ Modèl:Lejand/Fin 889126 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rejim politik''' oswa '''fòm gouvènman an''' refere a òganizasyon an nan pouvwa ak fonksyonnman yo nan yon antite politik. Tèm sa yo koresponn ak fòm enstitisyonèl pouvwa a, men tou ak pratik ki soti nan fòm enstitisyonèl sa a. Yo ale pi lwen pase etid konstitisyonèl (ki analize estrikti fòmèl yon eta) men yo pa dwe konfonn ak etid la nan sistèm politik (ki se mòd nan òganizasyon yon [[eta]]). Egzèsis pouvwa a trè enpòtan, paske pandan yo ap gen menm fòm enstitisyonèl la, rejim politik yo ka distenge selon pratik egzèsis pouvwa a. == Pye == Daprè Maurice Duverger :<ref> Institutions politiques et Droit constitutionnel PUF Thémis Paris 1965 </ref> "Nan baz nenpòt rejim politik se fenomèn esansyèl otorite, pouvwa, distenksyon ant gouvènan ak gouvène "" Nenpòt rejim politik ka defini kòm ansanm repons a kat (4) kalite prensipal pwoblèm yo " : * Otorite gouvènan yo ak dwa ak devwa sitwayen yo : Ki fondasyon pouvwa politik ki defini valè fondamantal rejim lan ? * Chwa gouvènan ak reprezantan sitwayen yo : Kouman yo deziyen moun ki resevwa fonksyon a ak pouvwa pou gouvène yon [[kolektivite piblik]] ? * Estrikti gouvènan : Sa yo se raman inik oswa monolitik. Kiyès yo ye, ki fòm òganizasyon yo e ki relasyon ini yo youn ak lòt ? * Evalyasyon, kontwòl ak limitasyon gouvènan yo : Kouman dwa ak devwa moun ki nan pouvwa yo atikile ak sa yo ki nan sitwayen ? Ki jan yo garanti youn ak lòt ? Ki jan yo kontwole epi pètèt fòse respè pou atribisyon yo, responsablite ak zòn libète respektif? == Tip == === Rejim totalitè === Travay Hannah Arendt, Carl Joachim Friedrich ak Raymond Aron defini karakteristik rejim totalitè a : * egzistans yon ideyoloji enfayib ak totalizan ; * lavi politik, sosyal ak ekonomik gouvène nan nivo prive ak piblik ; * egzistans yon sèl pati (pati-Eta) ki gen monopòl mwayen entèn kominikasyon mas yo ; * yon represyon vyolan opozisyon an atravè yon polis sekrè, objektif la se enkòpore laterè. Rejim fasis, nazi ak sovyetik yo ka wè sa tankou egzanp rejim politik totalitè, menm si Arendt konsidere peyi [[Itali]] fachis Mussolini kòm yon " totalitaris san siksè".<ref name="GENTILE">{{fr}} [http://www.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-moderne-et-contemporaine-2008-3-p-11.htm], Article du politiste italien Emilo Gentile sur la vision d'Arendt du fascisme.</ref> === Rejim otoritè === Nan ane 1960 yo, rejim parèt, sitou nan [[Chili]] (diktati militè Augusto Pinochet a) ak nan [[Espay]] (rejim frankis), ki pa te posib yo klase kòm rejim totalitè. Men, ni yo pa te [[demokrasi]] liberal yo. Syans politik modèn te tabli yon kategori entèmedyè, pa defo. Diferans ak rejim totalitè yo jan sa a : * absans ideyoloji totalizan ak enfayib ; * tolerans nan direksyon pou pouvwa deyò pati a inik ki te sou lèt la depann : Legliz la, lame a, patwon yo, biwokrasi a, elatriye ; * endepandans nan kèk pati nan lavi sosyal ak ekonomik, pa konplètman kontwole pa pouvwa yo ; * Ekstèminasyon, mwens sistematik, vyolan opozan yo. Diferans ak demokrasi liberal yo jan sa a : * absans eleksyon reyèl (li se yon fasad demokratik) ; * refi altènans nan pouvwa ; * absans pliralis politik ; * limitasyon libète piblik yo ; * echèk pou respekte Eta dwa. === Demokrasi liberal yo === Karakteristik prensipal yo nan kalite sa a nan rejim politik yo se : * konpetisyon elektoral : eleksyon yo regilye, yo pa sifraj inivèsèl epi yo rekonèt pliralis politik la ; * Eta dwa : libète fondamantal yo garanti, gen yon konstitisyon ki defini pouvwa yo nan branch yo diferan nan Eta a, gen tou yon separasyon ant esfè piblik la ak esfè prive a ; * divizyon an twa (3) pouvwa apa : pouvwa lejislati a, pouvwa egzekitif la ak pouvwa jidisyè a separe epi kontwole youn ak lòt ; * gouvènman majorite an : majorite a sou pouvwa a, pwoteksyon opozisyon an (minorite) garanti, altènans posib ; * separasyon ant Legliz ak Leta : netralite konfesyonèl nan Leta, trètman egal ant rejim relijye yo diferan, pa gen okenn sipò total pa Leta a nan depans sa yo ak aktivite nan konfesyon relijyèz yo. Sa a se yon kalite ideyal e li posib pou jwenn sèten eksepsyon tankou nan Grann Bretay kote Chèf leta a (kounye a Rèn nan) tou defini tèt la nan Legliz la anglikàn, oswa tankou nan [[Bèljik]] kote Leta Bèlj finanse edikasyon katolik. ==== Endèks Demokrasi ==== [[Fichye:Democracy_Index_2020.svg|alt=|thumb|Kat endèks demokrasi pa inite entèlijans ekonomis 2020 la : plis peyi a vèt, plis li konsidere kòm demokratik.<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=http://graphics.eiu.com/upload/topic-pages/democracy-index-2020/Democracy-map-2020-website.jpg|title=Democracy Index 2020|last=|first=|date=11 janvye 2019|website=graphics.eiu.com|publisher=Economist Intelligence Unit|archive-date=2020-08-08|access-date=}}</ref> ----{{col-begin}} {{col-break}} '''Demokrasi plen''' {{Lejand/Kòmanse}} {{Lejand|#006837;|9–10}} {{Lejand|#1a9850;|8–9}} {{Lejand/Fin}} {{col-break}} '''Demokrasi enpafè''' {{Lejand/Kòmanse}} {{Lejand|#66bd63;|7–8}} {{Lejand|#a6d96a;|6–7}} {{Lejand/Fin}} {{col-break}} '''Rejim ibrid''' {{Lejand/Kòmanse}} {{Lejand|#fee08b;|5–6}} {{Lejand|#fdae61;|4–5}} {{Lejand/Fin}} {{col-break}} '''Rejim otoritè''' {{Lejand/Kòmanse}} {{Lejand|#f46d43;|3–4}} {{Lejand|#d73027;|2–3}} {{Lejand|#a50026;|1–2}} {{Lejand|#cccccc;|Non déterminé}} {{Lejand/Fin}} {{col-end}} ]] === Anachi === Okòmansman konsidere kòm fòm dejenere ak patojèn demokrasi, Francis Dupuis-Déri pwopoze yo revize ki jan anachis pozisyone nan klasifikasyon kalitativ nan sistèm politik ak pwopoze fè li yon sistèm apa.<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite journal|last=Dupuis-Déri|first=Francis|year=2007|title=L’anarchie en philosophie politique : réflexions anarchistes sur la typologie traditionnelle des régimes politiques|url=https://www.academia.edu/2399849/L_anarchie_en_philosophie_politique_r%C3%A9flexions_anarchistes_sur_la_typologie_traditionnelle_des_r%C3%A9gimes_politiques|journal=Ateliers de l&#39;éthique|access-date=15 fevriye 2018}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://partage-le.com/2014/12/francis-dupuis-deri-lanarchie-dans-la-philosophie-politique-2007/|title=Francis Dupuis-Déri – L’anarchie dans la philosophie politique (2007) – Le Partage|website=partage-le.com|access-date=15 fevriye 2018}}</ref> Li distenge anachis ak demokrasi nan chache konsansis. Kote demokrasi a defini nan chwa majorite nan yon vòt, anachi kontinye deba a. Li relativize ant teyori politik ak reyalite e sijere chèchè a nan [[filozofi politik]] yo etidye tèm aktyèl sa a omwen yo dwe enspire pa li. {| class="wikitable" |+Tipoloji rejim politik ki entegre anachis kòm yon modèl estanda ! Ki moun ki gouvène ? Ki objektif ? ! Pyès moun ! Yon sèl ! Yon minorite ! Majorite a ! Tout |- | Pou byen komen an (kominote) | | Monachi | Aristokrasi | Demokrasi | Anachi |- | Pou enterè li yo (endividyèl) | Anomi | Despotis | [[Oligachi]] | Tirani (nan majorite a) | Endividyèl Anachi |} == Bibliyografi == * Mamoudou Gazibo ak Jane Jenson, ''Le politique comparée : Fondements, enjeux et approches théoriques'', [[Monreyal]], Les presses de l'Université de Montréal {{ISBN|2-7606-1886-2}} * Jean-Benoît Pilet, ''Régimes politiques des pays occidentaux'', [[Briksèl]], edisyon Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, 2008. == Gade tou == * Otoritaris * ''Politik'' Aristòt la * Lis fòm gouvènman an * Rejim palmantè * Rejim prezidansyèl * Rejim semi-prezidansyèl * Rejim Asanble * Miz an sèn pouvwa politik (medya, sitiyasyon retwospektiv) == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Politik]] fnkotewwu78xgmt6qo0wfuwalfky468 Èd:Wikipedya tipa tipa 12 87875 889180 826375 2026-10-23T06:55:08Z Kitanago 19629 889180 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="max-width:70em; margin:auto;"> {{Ank|Somè}} {{Somè adwat}} <div style="font-size: 210%; padding-top:0.15em; font-family: Georgia,serif;">'''{{Kolore|#696969|Byenvini sou Wikipedya !}}'''</div> {{sote|10px}} <!-- Cadre haut --> Piti piti vin abitye ak prensip, objektif ak entèfas Wikipedya pandan videyo ak leson sa yo kominike youn ak lòt. Yo soti nan [[:fr:Projet:WikiMOOC|WikiMOOC]] ki te fèt an 2017 sou Wikipedya an franse.([[:File:Crédits WikiMOOC 2.pdf|Kredi]]) {{clr}} {{sote|3em}} <center> <!-- ### 1 ### --><h2 style="font-weight:bold; border:none; margin:0; text-align:center; padding:8px; background-color:#44B3D3; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:1.6em;">{{Ank|Entwodiksyon}}{{blan|Entwodiksyon nan Wikipedya}}</h2> <div style="max-width:30em; margin:auto;"><!-- DEBUT LARGEUR 30 EM--> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|SENK PRENSIP FONDATÈ YO<br/> KI REGLEMANTE ANSIKLOPEDIA A}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 01 - Les principes fondateurs de Wikipédia.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]]{{/lejand|Dekouvri prensip prensipal yo nan Wikipedya: ansiklopedi, netralite opinyon, lisans gratis, elatriye.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|WIKIPEDYA AK MOUVMAN WIKIMEDYA A}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 02 - Wikipédia, historique et fonctionnement.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center|start=9]]{{/lejand|Wikipedya fè pati yon mouvman pi laj: dekouvri istwa li, kijan li fonksyone ak fason li finanse.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|KREYE YON KONT}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 03 - Créer un compte Wikipédia.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]]{{/lejand|Si ou poko kreye yon kont, enskri epi mete l la! Sèvi ak yon kont se pa esansyèl men li bay avantaj.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:60px; border-left:2px dotted #666666;"></div>{{clr}}<!-- ligne pointillée de fin --> </div><!-- FIN LARGEUR 30 EM--> <!-- ### 2 ### --><h2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:none; margin:0; padding:8px; background-color:#52B080; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:1.6em;">{{Ank|Dekouvri entèfas la}}{{blan|Dekouvri entèfas la}}</h2> <div style="max-width:30em; margin:auto;"><!-- DEBUT LARGEUR 30 EM--> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #52B080;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #52B080; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ENTÈFAS JENERAL WIKIPEDYA}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 04 - L'interface de Wikipédia.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]]{{/lejand|Li gen ladan l espas atik la, espas itilizatè a, onglè yo, espas pèsonèl la, bwat rechèch la ak aksè nan paj èd yo.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #52B080;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #52B080; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ENTÈFAS ATIK YO}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|1}} {{/lejand|Li gen ladann paj atik la, paj diskisyon atik la, onglè ''modifye'', ''modifye code'', ''istorik''., elatriye.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #52B080;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #52B080; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|RALE VINI SOU ISTORIK<br/>AK LIS SWIVI}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|2}} {{/lejand|Istorik pèmèt ou wè ansyen vèsyon yon paj. Lis swivi a itil pou kontwole atik yo.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #52B080;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #52B080; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ENTÈFAS ITILIZATÈ W LA}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|3}} {{/lejand|Dekouvri paj itilizatè ou an, paj diskisyon pèsonèl ou, lis kontribisyon ou yo... epi aprann kijan pou ekri ak siyen yon mesaj !}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:60px; border-left:2px dotted #666666;"></div>{{clr}}<!-- ligne pointillée de fin --> </div><!-- FIN LARGEUR 30 EM--> <!-- ### 3 ### --><h2 style="font-weight:bold; border:none; margin:0; text-align:center; padding:8px; background-color:#D55353; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:1.6em;">{{Ank|Premye kontribisyon}}{{blan|Premye kontribisyon}}</h2> <div style="max-width:30em; margin:auto;"><!-- DEBUT LARGEUR 30 EM--> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #D55353;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #D55353; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|DE ZOUTI POU MODIFYE ATIK YO}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 05 - Deux outils d'édition.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]] {{/lejand|Konparezon de zouti pou modifye yon paj: Editè vizyèl la ak wikicode la.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #D55353;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #D55353; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|PREMYE KONTRIBISYON PA W }}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|4}} {{/lejand|Li lè pou rive nan bagay ki piserye: leson sa a pral ede w fè premye modifikasyon ou an.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #D55353;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #D55353; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ANILE YON MODIFIKASYON}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|5}} {{/lejand|Aprann kijan pou defèt yon modifikasyon nan istorik yon paj. Sou Wikipedya: nenpòt erè ka ranvèse!}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #D55353;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #D55353; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ITILIZE EDITÈ VIZYÈL}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|6}} {{/lejand|Aprann fonksyonalite Editè vizyèl la pou aprann kijan pou modifye atik yo.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:60px; border-left:2px dotted #666666;"></div> {{clr}}<!-- ligne pointillée de fin --> </div><!-- FIN LARGEUR 30 EM--> <!-- ### 4 ### --><h2 style="font-weight:bold; border:none; margin:0; text-align:center; padding:8px; background-color:#44B3D3; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:1.6em;">{{Ank| Chache epi site sous yo}}{{blan| Chache epi site sous yo}}</h2> <div style="max-width:30em; margin:auto;"><!-- DEBUT LARGEUR 30 EM--> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0);color:inherit; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|var(--color-subtle, #54595d)|POUKISA W DWE AJOUTE SOUS YO?}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 08 - Qu'est-cequ'une source.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]] {{/lejand|Kisa yon ki yon sous? Poukisa w dwe ajoute sous yo ? Kisa ki yon travay inedi ?}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} {{Modèl:Bwat/Èd}} [[kategori:Èd:Wikipedya tipa tipa]] 4p4xkia8oq48w7aps1643fsoqd9x62x 889181 889180 2026-10-23T06:57:12Z Kitanago 19629 889181 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="max-width:70em; margin:auto;"> {{Ank|Somè}} {{Somè adwat}} <div style="font-size: 210%; padding-top:0.15em; font-family: Georgia,serif;">'''{{Kolore|#696969|Byenvini sou Wikipedya !}}'''</div> {{sote|10px}} <!-- Cadre haut --> Piti piti vin abitye ak prensip, objektif ak entèfas Wikipedya pandan videyo ak leson sa yo kominike youn ak lòt. Yo soti nan [[:fr:Projet:WikiMOOC|WikiMOOC]] ki te fèt an 2017 sou Wikipedya an franse.([[:File:Crédits WikiMOOC 2.pdf|Kredi]]) {{clr}} {{sote|3em}} <center> <!-- ### 1 ### --><h2 style="font-weight:bold; border:none; margin:0; text-align:center; padding:8px; background-color:#44B3D3; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:1.6em;">{{Ank|Entwodiksyon}}{{blan|Entwodiksyon nan Wikipedya}}</h2> <div style="max-width:30em; margin:auto;"><!-- DEBUT LARGEUR 30 EM--> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|SENK PRENSIP FONDATÈ YO<br/> KI REGLEMANTE ANSIKLOPEDIA A}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 01 - Les principes fondateurs de Wikipédia.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]]{{/lejand|Dekouvri prensip prensipal yo nan Wikipedya: ansiklopedi, netralite opinyon, lisans gratis, elatriye.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|WIKIPEDYA AK MOUVMAN WIKIMEDYA A}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 02 - Wikipédia, historique et fonctionnement.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center|start=9]]{{/lejand|Wikipedya fè pati yon mouvman pi laj: dekouvri istwa li, kijan li fonksyone ak fason li finanse.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|KREYE YON KONT}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 03 - Créer un compte Wikipédia.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]]{{/lejand|Si ou poko kreye yon kont, enskri epi mete l la! Sèvi ak yon kont se pa esansyèl men li bay avantaj.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:60px; border-left:2px dotted #666666;"></div>{{clr}}<!-- ligne pointillée de fin --> </div><!-- FIN LARGEUR 30 EM--> <!-- ### 2 ### --><h2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:none; margin:0; padding:8px; background-color:#52B080; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:1.6em;">{{Ank|Dekouvri entèfas la}}{{blan|Dekouvri entèfas la}}</h2> <div style="max-width:30em; margin:auto;"><!-- DEBUT LARGEUR 30 EM--> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #52B080;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #52B080; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ENTÈFAS JENERAL WIKIPEDYA}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 04 - L'interface de Wikipédia.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]]{{/lejand|Li gen ladan l espas atik la, espas itilizatè a, onglè yo, espas pèsonèl la, bwat rechèch la ak aksè nan paj èd yo.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #52B080;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #52B080; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ENTÈFAS ATIK YO}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|1}} {{/lejand|Li gen ladann paj atik la, paj diskisyon atik la, onglè ''modifye'', ''modifye code'', ''istorik''., elatriye.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #52B080;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #52B080; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|RALE VINI SOU ISTORIK<br/>AK LIS SWIVI}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|2}} {{/lejand|Istorik pèmèt ou wè ansyen vèsyon yon paj. Lis swivi a itil pou kontwole atik yo.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #52B080;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #52B080; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ENTÈFAS ITILIZATÈ W LA}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|3}} {{/lejand|Dekouvri paj itilizatè ou an, paj diskisyon pèsonèl ou, lis kontribisyon ou yo... epi aprann kijan pou ekri ak siyen yon mesaj !}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:60px; border-left:2px dotted #666666;"></div>{{clr}}<!-- ligne pointillée de fin --> </div><!-- FIN LARGEUR 30 EM--> <!-- ### 3 ### --><h2 style="font-weight:bold; border:none; margin:0; text-align:center; padding:8px; background-color:#D55353; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:1.6em;">{{Ank|Premye kontribisyon}}{{blan|Premye kontribisyon}}</h2> <div style="max-width:30em; margin:auto;"><!-- DEBUT LARGEUR 30 EM--> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #D55353;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #D55353; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|DE ZOUTI POU MODIFYE ATIK YO}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 05 - Deux outils d'édition.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]] {{/lejand|Konparezon de zouti pou modifye yon paj: Editè vizyèl la ak wikicode la.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #D55353;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #D55353; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|PREMYE KONTRIBISYON PA W }}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|4}} {{/lejand|Li lè pou rive nan bagay ki piserye: leson sa a pral ede w fè premye modifikasyon ou an.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #D55353;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #D55353; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ANILE YON MODIFIKASYON}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|5}} {{/lejand|Aprann kijan pou defèt yon modifikasyon nan istorik yon paj. Sou Wikipedya: nenpòt erè ka ranvèse!}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #D55353;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #D55353; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ITILIZE EDITÈ VIZYÈL}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|6}} {{/lejand|Aprann fonksyonalite Editè vizyèl la pou aprann kijan pou modifye atik yo.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:60px; border-left:2px dotted #666666;"></div> {{clr}}<!-- ligne pointillée de fin --> </div><!-- FIN LARGEUR 30 EM--> <!-- ### 4 ### --><h2 style="font-weight:bold; border:none; margin:0; text-align:center; padding:8px; background-color:#44B3D3; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:1.6em;">{{Ank| Chache epi site sous yo}}{{blan| Chache epi site sous yo}}</h2> <div style="max-width:30em; margin:auto;"><!-- DEBUT LARGEUR 30 EM--> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0);color:inherit; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|var(--color-subtle, #54595d)|POUKISA W DWE AJOUTE SOUS YO?}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 08 - Qu'est-cequ'une source.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]] {{/lejand|Kisa yon ki yon sous? Poukisa w dwe ajoute sous yo ? Kisa ki yon travay inedi ?}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0);color:inherit; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|var(--color-subtle, #54595d)|KARAKTERISTIK SOUS YO}}'''{{saut|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 09 - Les différents types de sources.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]] {{/lejand|Ki diferans ant sous primè <br/>ak sous segondè ?}}</div> {{Modèl:Bwat/Èd}} [[kategori:Èd:Wikipedya tipa tipa]] 8bymdfqgyqz4uehe29nlalzuqz5l1kb 889182 889181 2026-10-23T07:01:49Z Kitanago 19629 889182 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="max-width:70em; margin:auto;"> {{Ank|Somè}} {{Somè adwat}} <div style="font-size: 210%; padding-top:0.15em; font-family: Georgia,serif;">'''{{Kolore|#696969|Byenvini sou Wikipedya !}}'''</div> {{sote|10px}} <!-- Cadre haut --> Piti piti vin abitye ak prensip, objektif ak entèfas Wikipedya pandan videyo ak leson sa yo kominike youn ak lòt. Yo soti nan [[:fr:Projet:WikiMOOC|WikiMOOC]] ki te fèt an 2017 sou Wikipedya an franse.([[:File:Crédits WikiMOOC 2.pdf|Kredi]]) {{clr}} {{sote|3em}} <center> <!-- ### 1 ### --><h2 style="font-weight:bold; border:none; margin:0; text-align:center; padding:8px; background-color:#44B3D3; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:1.6em;">{{Ank|Entwodiksyon}}{{blan|Entwodiksyon nan Wikipedya}}</h2> <div style="max-width:30em; margin:auto;"><!-- DEBUT LARGEUR 30 EM--> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|SENK PRENSIP FONDATÈ YO<br/> KI REGLEMANTE ANSIKLOPEDIA A}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 01 - Les principes fondateurs de Wikipédia.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]]{{/lejand|Dekouvri prensip prensipal yo nan Wikipedya: ansiklopedi, netralite opinyon, lisans gratis, elatriye.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|WIKIPEDYA AK MOUVMAN WIKIMEDYA A}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 02 - Wikipédia, historique et fonctionnement.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center|start=9]]{{/lejand|Wikipedya fè pati yon mouvman pi laj: dekouvri istwa li, kijan li fonksyone ak fason li finanse.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|KREYE YON KONT}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 03 - Créer un compte Wikipédia.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]]{{/lejand|Si ou poko kreye yon kont, enskri epi mete l la! Sèvi ak yon kont se pa esansyèl men li bay avantaj.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:60px; border-left:2px dotted #666666;"></div>{{clr}}<!-- ligne pointillée de fin --> </div><!-- FIN LARGEUR 30 EM--> <!-- ### 2 ### --><h2 style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:none; margin:0; padding:8px; background-color:#52B080; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:1.6em;">{{Ank|Dekouvri entèfas la}}{{blan|Dekouvri entèfas la}}</h2> <div style="max-width:30em; margin:auto;"><!-- DEBUT LARGEUR 30 EM--> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #52B080;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #52B080; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ENTÈFAS JENERAL WIKIPEDYA}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 04 - L'interface de Wikipédia.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]]{{/lejand|Li gen ladan l espas atik la, espas itilizatè a, onglè yo, espas pèsonèl la, bwat rechèch la ak aksè nan paj èd yo.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #52B080;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #52B080; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ENTÈFAS ATIK YO}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|1}} {{/lejand|Li gen ladann paj atik la, paj diskisyon atik la, onglè ''modifye'', ''modifye code'', ''istorik''., elatriye.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #52B080;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #52B080; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|RALE VINI SOU ISTORIK<br/>AK LIS SWIVI}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|2}} {{/lejand|Istorik pèmèt ou wè ansyen vèsyon yon paj. Lis swivi a itil pou kontwole atik yo.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #52B080;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #52B080; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ENTÈFAS ITILIZATÈ W LA}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|3}} {{/lejand|Dekouvri paj itilizatè ou an, paj diskisyon pèsonèl ou, lis kontribisyon ou yo... epi aprann kijan pou ekri ak siyen yon mesaj !}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:60px; border-left:2px dotted #666666;"></div>{{clr}}<!-- ligne pointillée de fin --> </div><!-- FIN LARGEUR 30 EM--> <!-- ### 3 ### --><h2 style="font-weight:bold; border:none; margin:0; text-align:center; padding:8px; background-color:#D55353; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:1.6em;">{{Ank|Premye kontribisyon}}{{blan|Premye kontribisyon}}</h2> <div style="max-width:30em; margin:auto;"><!-- DEBUT LARGEUR 30 EM--> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #D55353;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #D55353; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|DE ZOUTI POU MODIFYE ATIK YO}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 05 - Deux outils d'édition.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]] {{/lejand|Konparezon de zouti pou modifye yon paj: Editè vizyèl la ak wikicode la.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #D55353;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #D55353; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|PREMYE KONTRIBISYON PA W }}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|4}} {{/lejand|Li lè pou rive nan bagay ki piserye: leson sa a pral ede w fè premye modifikasyon ou an.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #D55353;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #D55353; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ANILE YON MODIFIKASYON}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|5}} {{/lejand|Aprann kijan pou defèt yon modifikasyon nan istorik yon paj. Sou Wikipedya: nenpòt erè ka ranvèse!}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #D55353;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:#EAE7E9; padding:5px; border:2px solid #D55353; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em;">'''{{kolore|#666666|ITILIZE EDITÈ VIZYÈL}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|6}} {{/lejand|Aprann fonksyonalite Editè vizyèl la pou aprann kijan pou modifye atik yo.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:60px; border-left:2px dotted #666666;"></div> {{clr}}<!-- ligne pointillée de fin --> </div><!-- FIN LARGEUR 30 EM--> <!-- ### 4 ### --><h2 style="font-weight:bold; border:none; margin:0; text-align:center; padding:8px; background-color:#44B3D3; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:1.6em;">{{Ank| Chache epi site sous yo}}{{blan| Chache epi site sous yo}}</h2> <div style="max-width:30em; margin:auto;"><!-- DEBUT LARGEUR 30 EM--> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0);color:inherit; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|var(--color-subtle, #54595d)|POUKISA W DWE AJOUTE SOUS YO?}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 08 - Qu'est-cequ'une source.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]] {{/lejand|Kisa yon ki yon sous? Poukisa w dwe ajoute sous yo ? Kisa ki yon travay inedi ?}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0);color:inherit; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|var(--color-subtle, #54595d)|KARAKTERISTIK SOUS YO}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} [[Fichye:WikiMOOC 2017 - vidéo 09 - Les différents types de sources.webm|frameless|upright=1.35|border|center]] {{/lejand|Ki diferans ant sous primè <br/>ak sous segondè ?}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0);color:inherit; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|var(--color-subtle, #54595d)|PREZAQNTASYON SOUS YO}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|7}} {{/lejand|Dekouvri kijan sous afiche pou lektè yo.}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:60%; height:30px; border-left:2px solid #44B3D3;"></div>{{clr}} <div style="text-align:center; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0);color:inherit; padding:5px; border:2px solid #44B3D3; padding:10px; font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;">'''{{kolore|var(--color-subtle, #54595d)|AJOUTE REFERANS}}'''{{sote|0.7em}} {{/leson|8}} {{/lejand|Kijan pou ajoute, modifye oswa efase sous ?}}</div> <div style="text-align:center; float:right; width:40%; height:60px; border-left:2px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"></div>{{clr}}<!-- ligne pointillé e de fin --> </div><!-- FIN LARGEUR 30 EM--> {{Modèl:Bwat/Èd}} [[kategori:Èd:Wikipedya tipa tipa]] ray9pivsdhzmzjfhsrg2iine7wylcjm Modèl:Estil pa ansiklopedik 10 92334 889151 848707 2026-10-23T04:35:50Z Kitanago 19629 889151 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{Méta bandeau d'avertissement | niveau = modéré | icône = Circle-icons-pencil.svg | titre =Atik sa a pa ekri nan yon [[Wikipedya:Estil ansiklopedik|estil ansiklopedik]] | date = {{{date|indiquez la date de pose grâce au paramètre ''date''}}} | icône bma = Modèl:Estil pa ansiklopedik | texte = Ou kapab <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} amelyore redaksyon li !]</span> }}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}||{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}||[[Kategori:Redaksyon pou amelyore]]{{#if:{{{date|}}}||[[Kategori:Banyè antretyen san paramèt dat/Lis konplèt]]}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> kg75k6mcz0r4ythcjtf1b3kzy35lkes Choucoune 0 95552 889128 889085 2026-10-23T03:03:47Z Kitanago 19629 Premye mo an gra 889128 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Choucoune''' (nan [[Lang kreyòl]] ayisyen: Choukoun) se yon chante ayisyen nan fen 19yèm syèk, ki konpoze pa [[Michel Mauléart Monton]] ki baze sou yon powèm Oswald Durand. « Choucoune » avan tou se yon powèm lirik nan ane 1883 ki fè elòj bote fanm ayisyen ki gen menm non.Se te youn nan pi bèl zèv selèb Oswald Durand (1840-1906).Istwa a soti nan zafè otè a ak Marie-Noëlle Belizaire (~1853-1924), yon marabout ak pwopriyetè yon plonje nan vil Okap, yo rele Choucoune.se choucoune ki te kite li pou koz enfidelite ki te toujou ap fet. Yon pyanis ameriken, ki fèt ak yon papa ayisyen epi ak yon manman ameriken te konpoze mizik la nan lane 1893,kreye melodi a soti nan fragman franse ak kreyòl. Choucoune te kreye nan Pòtoprens nan dat 14 me 1893. Chante a te vin tounen yon mereng dousman , popilè ann Ayiti e li te parèt anpil pandan selebrasyon bisantnè Pòtoprens an 1949.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.songfacts.com/facts/michel-mauleart-monton/choucoune|title=Choucoune by Michel Mauleart Monton - Songfacts|last=|website=www.songfacts.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016060819/https://www.songfacts.com/facts/michel-mauleart-monton/choucoune|archive-date=2019-10-16|access-date=2026-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> == Vèsyon yo == Vèsyon an angle nan " Choucoune » (Yellow Bird) te parèt orijinèlman sou album ''Calypso Holiday'' [[1957 (almanak gregoryen)|1957]], ranje pa {{Lien|fr=Norman Luboff|lang=en}} ak jwe pa koral li. Calypso se style mizik ki te popilè nan mond ki pale angle nan mitan ane 1950 yo. Pawòl "Yellow Bird" ekri pa Alan ak Marilyn Bergman pa gen okenn koneksyon ak naratif powèm Oswald Durand a, eksepte ke powèm nan gen ladan mo yo " ou zwazo » (ti zwazo) nan refren li. Chante ayisyen pafwa yo rele " Ti [[Zwazo]] "Oswa" Ti Zwezo ". == Lyen ekstèn (kase) == {{Lòt pwojè|wikisource=Choucoune}} dfd2i6496cux3317t5rsms302lio6pq Guru Amar Das 0 97634 889137 889086 2026-10-23T03:16:26Z Kitanago 19629 Infobox Biographie2 889137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | imaj = Amardas-Goindwal.jpg | lejand = Guru Amar Das. Rare [[fresque]] au temple sikh Goindwal Sahib à [[Goindwal]], dans le [[district de Tarn Taran]], [[Pendjab (Inde)|Pendjab]], [[Inde]]. }}    '''Guru Amar Das''' ( Gurmukhi : ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ, pwononsyasyon: {{Pwononsyasyon API|pa|gʊɾuː əməɾᵊ d̯aːsᵊ|}} ; 5 me 1479 – 1 septanm 1574), pafwa yo ekri li kòm '''Guru Amardas''', te twazyèm gourou Sikhi nan epi li te vin [[Guru Sikh yo|Guru Sikh]] nan dat 26 mas 1552 a laj de 73 an. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/people/angaddev.shtml|title=BBC – Religions – Sikhism: Guru Angad Dev}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedya:Verifyabilite|<span title="The date is not mentioned in the article (March 2020)">verifikasyon echwe</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Anvan li te vin yon Sikh, nan yon pelerinaj apre li te fin santi l pou l chèche yon ''gourou'', li te tande madanm neve li a, [[Bibi Amro]], k ap resite yon kantik [[Guru Nanak]] te chante, e sa te touche l anpil. Amro te pitit fi [[Guru Angad]], dezyèm Guru Sikh yo. Amar Das te konvenk Amro pou l prezante l bay papa l. An 1539, Amar Das, a laj swasant an, te rankontre Guru Angad epi li te vin yon Sikh, li te konsakre tèt li bay Guru a. An 1552, anvan lanmò li, Guru Angad te nonmen Amar Das kòm twazyèm Guru Sikhi nan. Guru Amar Das te yon inovatè enpòtan nan ansèyman Guru yo ki te entwodui yon òganizasyon relijye yo rele sistèm Manji a lè li te nonmen klèje ki resevwa fòmasyon, yon sistèm ki te elaji epi ki siviv jis nan epòk kontanporen an. Li te etabli tou [[Piri (Sikhism)|sistèm Peerah]] la pou pwopaje relijyon an bay fanm yo. Li te ekri epi konpile im nan yon Pothi (liv) ki finalman te ede kreye [[Guru Granth Sahib|Adi Granth]] la. Li te mete an plas refòm sosyal tou, tankou lè li te pèmèt vèv yo remariye, ankouraje alyans ant kas, ankouraje monogami, entèdi sati, epi dekouraje purdah . <ref name=":22" /> Amar Das te rete Guru Sikh yo rive laj 95 an, epi li te nonmen bofis li Bhai Jetha, ke yo te vin sonje pita sou non Guru Ram Das, kòm siksesè li. == Premye lavi == === Istwa familyal ak nesans === Amar Das te fèt 5 me 1479, pitit gason li se Bakht Kaur (ke yo rele tou Sullakhani, Lakhmi Devi, oubyen Rup Kaur [ nòt 1 ] ) epi papa li se Tej Bhan Bhalla, nan vilaj Basarke, nan sa yo rele kounye a distri Amritsar nan Punjab (End). [ nòt 2 ] Granpapa li sete Hari Das. <ref name=":8" /> Fanmi li te fè pati gotra (klan) Bhalla nan tribi Khatri a. Amar Das te pi gran pitit gason nan kat pitit gason. Amar Das te travay kòm agrikiltè ak kòm machann. <ref name=":022" /> ==== Ane nesans ==== Gen kèk sous ki afime ane nesans 1479 pou gourou a se: ''Makhaz-i-Twarikh-i-Sikhan'' Ganda Singh, ''Gurpurab Nirnay'' [[Karam Singh (istoryen)|Karam Singh]], ''Mahan Kosh'' [[Kahn Singh Nabha]], ''Relijyon Sikh'' Max Arthur MaCauliffe ak Giani Panwa Gian Singh ''Gursh'' ak ''Khan Singh'' . Sous ki bay yon ane pita, 1509, kòm ane nesans gourou a se: ''Istwa Sikh yo'' pa Joseph Davey Cunningham ak ''Bansavalinama'' pa Kesar Singh Chibber. Kavi Santokh Singh nan ''Suraj Prakash'' la bay yon ane nesans menm pi bonè, 1469, ki koresponn ak ane Guru Nanak la . === Maryaj === Nan kòmansman ventèn li yo, Amar Das te marye ak Mansa Devi epi yo te fè kat timoun yo te rele Dani (pitit fi; fèt an 1530), Bhani (pitit fi; fèt 3 out 1533), Mohan (pitit gason; fèt 11 mas 1536), ak Mohri (pitit gason; fèt 2 jen 1539). <ref name="eosamardas">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIA-d/page/n103|title=Amar Das, Guru (1479-1574)|last=Kushwant Singh|website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism|publisher=Punjab University Patiala|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref> Bhani te pitit li te pi remen nan kat yo. <ref name=":8" /> === Pelerinaj relijye yo === Amar Das te swiv tradisyon Vaishnavism [[Endouyis]] la pandan yon bon pati nan lavi li. Yo di li te fè anviwon ven pelerinaj chak ane nan Himalaya yo, nan Haridwar sou rivyè Ganges la . Anviwon 1539, nan youn nan pelerinaj Endou sa yo, li te rankontre yon mwàn Endou ( ''sadhu'' ) ki te mande l poukisa li pa t gen yon [[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|gourou]] (pwofesè, konseye espirityèl) epi Amar Das te deside jwenn youn. <ref name="eosamardas"/> <ref name=":022" /> Lè l te retounen soti nan ventyèm pelerinaj li nan rivyè Ganges la, li te tande Bibi Amro, pitit fi Guru Sikh Angad la, k ap chante yon im [[Guru Nanak]] . <ref name="FenechMcLeod2014p29" /> <ref name=":022" /> Amro te konnen Amar Das atravè bèlfi li yo, ki moun Amar Das te gen rapò ak (Amro te marye ak pitit gason frè Amar Das la). <ref name=":022" /> Li te aprann nan men li bagay sou Guru Angad, epi avèk èd li, li te rankontre dezyèm Guru Sikhism nan epi li te adopte li kòm Guru espirityèl li ki te pi jèn pase laj li. <ref name="eosamardas" /> <ref name=":022" /> === Sèvis Guru Angad la === [[Fichye:Mural_depicting_Guru_Angad_and_Guru_Amar_Das_with_attendants_on_a_terrace_from_the_Bhai_Bahlo_Darwaza_of_the_Darbar_of_Ram_Rai_in_Dehradun,_circa_pre-1688.jpg|vignette|Mural ki reprezante Guru Angad ak Guru Amar Das ak asistan yo sou yon teras ki soti nan Bhai Bahlo Darwaza nan Darbar Ram Rai nan Dehradun, anviwon 1676–1687.]] Amar Das se yon moun ki renome nan tradisyon Sikh la pou sèvis san rete li te bay Guru Angad, avèk lejann sou reveye nan premye èdtan yo epi al chache dlo pou benyen Guru li a, netwaye epi kwit manje pou volontè yo ak Guru a, epi tou li te pase anpil tan ap meditasyon ak lapriyè nan maten ak nan aswè. <ref name="eosamardas"/> Akòz devosyon san egoyis li [[anvè]] dezyèm gourou a, Angad te nonmen Amar Das kòm siksesè espirityèl li nan dat 29 mas 1552. == Guruship == Apre onz ane sèvis devwe pou Guru Angad ak sangat yo, Amar Das te nonmen twazyèm gourou. Amar Das te demenaje ale Goindwal, ki sitiye pa twò lwen Khadur, sou bò larivyè Beas, sou gran wout ki mennen Lahore, anviwon 8 kilomèt de Kapurthala ak 45 km de Amritsar. Li te fè sa pou evite konfli ki te ka rive ak pitit gason Guru Angad yo ki pa t apwouve ranplasman yo a. Menm nan Goindwal, pitit gason Angad la, Datu, te konn anmède l. Li t al jwenn Goindwal epi li di l: "Yè sèlman ou te yon moun k ap pote dlo lakay nou, epi jodi a ou chita kòm yon Guru." Lè l fin di sa, li te bay Guru a yon kout pye. Amar Das te di avèk imilite: "O gran wa, padone m. Ou dwe te blese pye w." Amar Das te retire kò l nan Goindwal epi li te kache tèt li nan yon kay nan Basarke, vilaj kote l te fèt la. Datu te etabli tèt li kòm Guru. Baba Bouda te konvenk Amar Das pou l retounen, epi Datu, kòm li pa jwenn okenn [[disip]], li tounen al jwenn Khadur . === Ansèyman === [[Fichye:Fresco_of_Guru_Amar_Das_from_above_the_entrance_of_the_Baoli_Sahib_located_in_Goindwal.png|vignette|Fresk ki reprezante Guru Amar Das soti nan Baoli Sahib, Goindwal.]] Guru Amar Das te anseye ak pwòp lavi li siyifikasyon Sèvis Guru a, ke yo rele tou Guru ''Sewa'' nan langaj relijye Punjabi a . (yo ekri l tou ''[[Seva|Sevā]] )'' . Amar Das te mete aksan sou tou de aktivite espirityèl yo ansanm ak yon lavi chak jou etik. Li te ankouraje disip li yo pou yo leve anvan solèy leve, fè ablisyon yo epi medite nan silans. <ref name="eosamardas"/> Yon bon devwe, dapre sa Amar Das te anseye, ta dwe onèt, kenbe lespri li anba kontwòl, manje sèlman lè yo grangou, chèche konpayi moun ki gen krentif pou Bondye, adore Senyè a, fè yon lavi onèt, sèvi moun ki sen, pa anvi richès lòt moun epi pa janm kalomnye lòt moun. Li te rekòmande devosyon sen ak imaj Guru nan kè disip li yo. <ref name="eosamardas" /> Guru Amar Das te yon refòmatè tou, epi li te dekouraje moun mete vwal sou figi fanm yo (yon koutim Mizilman) ansanm ak sati (yon koutim Endou). <ref name="eosamardas"/> Li te ankouraje pèp Kshatriya a pou goumen pou pwoteje moun epi pou jistis, li te deklare ke sa se Dharma . Li te fè pwomosyon pou maryaj ant kas, sa ki te kontrè ak ortodoksi sosyal tradisyonèl Punjabi nan epòk la. Li te ankouraje tou remaryaj vèv yo. <ref name=":7" /> Li te pwomouvwa monogami kòm kalite relasyon amoure ideyal la. <ref name=":7" /> === Enfliyans === ==== Òganizasyon relijye ak difizyon misyonè ==== Guru Amar Das te kòmanse tradisyon pou nonmen ''manji'' (zòn administrasyon relijye ak yon chèf yo nonmen yo rele ''sangatias,'' ki te ni gason ni fi), te prezante sistèm ''dasvandh'' ("dizyèm" nan revni an) pou koleksyon revni nan non Guru a epi kòm yon resous relijye kominotè, ak tradisyon ''[[Langar (Sikhi)|langar]]'' Sikhi ki renome kote nenpòt moun, san okenn diskriminasyon, te kapab jwenn yon repa gratis nan yon plas komen. <ref name="FenechMcLeod2014p29" /> <ref name="HaarKalsi2009p21" /> Li te kòmanse epi inogire tou pi ki gen 84 mach eskalye yo rele ''baoli'' nan Goindval ak yon kote repo, ki te modle sou modèl tradisyon Endyen ''dharmsala'' a, ki te vin tounen yon sant pelerinaj Sikh ( ''tirath'' ). <ref name="FenechMcLeod2014p29" /> ] Yon lòt òganizasyon ki sanble ak Manji a se te ''[[Piri (Sikhism)|Piri]] a,'' ki te enplike yon ofisyèl predikasyon ak misyonè yo nonmen pou asanble ak kongregasyon Sikh yo ki te tout fanm epi ki te resevwa enstriksyon pou gaye Sikhism pami fanm yo (sitou fanm ki soti nan fanmi Mizilman). Dapre W. Owen Cole, etablisman sistèm manji ak piri yo te ka motive pa gwo kantite nouvo konvèti ki te vin nan lafwa Sikh la, espesyalman nan Punjab. <ref name=":0" /> Sepandan, anpil nan konvèti sa yo te pote kwayans ak pratik lafwa orijinal yo, kidonk predikatè yo te nonmen pou enstwi yo sou ortodoksi ak òtopraksi Sikh ki kòrèk la, esansyèlman motive yo pou yo chwazi lafwa Sikh la ak tout sa ki mache avè l, menm si sa enplike abandone ansyen fason espirityalite yo nan pwosesis la. <ref name=":0" /> Li te nonmen fanm pou yo vin lidè kongregasyon nan jiridiksyon [[Afganistan]] ak Kachmir . Fanm yo te nonmen pou dirije sistèm Piri a pou gaye Sikhi bay fanm yo se te Bhani (pitit fi ki pi piti a), Bibi Dani (pitit fi ki pi gran an), ak Bibi Pal, yo tout te kalite entelektyèl. Sistèm Piri a te edike fanm yo tou nan nòm ak koutim sosyal ak relijye yo. <ref name=":3" /> [[Fichye:Fresco_depicting_a_Sikh_ragi_jatha_musically_performing_using_traditional_instruments_in_the_presence_of_Guru_Amar_Das_from_Asthan_Baba_Bikram_Singh_Bedi,_Kanak_Mandi,_Amritsar,_ca.1863–1879.jpg|vignette|Fresko ki montre yon ''[[Ragi (Sikhi)|ragi jatha]]'' Sikh k ap jwe mizikalman lè l sèvi avèk enstriman tradisyonèl yo nan prezans Guru Amar Das ki soti nan Asthan Baba Bikram Singh Bedi, Kanak Mandi, Amritsar, ca.1863–1879.]] Amar Das te pèsonèlman pran swen edikasyon bofis li Jetha (ki te vin Guru Ram Das nan lavni) nan mizik klasik nan Nò End, epi Bhai Gurdas, nan divès lang ak literati relijye. ==== Entèdiksyon pou Sati ==== Guru Amar Das te yon gwo opozan ''sati'', pratik pou yo touye madanm vèv sou bwa fineray mari yo pandan kremasyon mari a. Li deklare sa ki annapre yo konsènan pratik la: <ref name=":1" />  "Fem pa Sati, ki boule tètyo avèk kadav mari li. Okontrè, yo se sati ki mouri pa ki mouri senpleman akoz chòk separasyon ak mari yo. Epi, yo menm tou, yo ta dwe konsidere kòm moun ki gen kontantman ak imilite, ki sèvi Seyè yo, epi lè yo leve nan maten, yo toujou sonje li." — Guru Amar Das, ''Var Suhi'' of the ''Guru Granth Sahib'' (page 787), translation from ''Indian Feminism: Class, Gender & Identity in Medieval Ages'' (2016) by Rukhsana Iftikhar"Fem boule nan dife avèk mari li Yo pase anpil doulè ak lanmò a. E si yo pa t apresye mari yo, Nanak, poukisa pou yo ta boule ditou?" —&#x200A;Guru Amar Das, translation from ''Indian Feminism: Class, Gender & Identity in Medieval Ages'' (2016) by Rukhsana Iftikhar ==== Opoze sistèm Purdah la ==== ''Purdah'' se yon koutim tradisyonèl kote medam yo kouvri figi yo ak kò yo lè yo nan konpayi gason epi yo izole tèt yo de konpayi gason yo. Guru Amar Das te kont koutim sa a ak anpil fòs epi yo di li te yon fwa reprimande ''raja'' (wa) Haripur ki t ap vizite a ak madanm li yo lè wa a te obsève koutim nan bò kote l. Youn nan rèn raja yo te refize kite vwal la, epi Guru a te reponn: "si ou pa kontan ak figi Guru a, poukisa ou ta vin isit la?" <ref name=":3" /> ==== Akbar ==== [[Fichye:Painting_of_Mughal_emperor_Akbar_meeting_Guru_Amar_Das_in_1567_at_Goindwal.jpg|vignette|Penti 19yèm syèk ki montre anperè Mughal [[Akbar]] k ap rankontre Guru Amar Das an 1567 nan Goindwal.]] Anperè Mughal [[Akbar]] te rankontre Guru Amar Das. Selon lejann Sikh la, li pa t ni resevwa Akbar ni yo pa t mennen Akbar dirèkteman ba li, okontrè, Guru a te sigjere pou Akbar, tankou tout moun, chita atè a epi manje nan ''langar'' la ak tout moun anvan premye rankont yo a. Akbar, ki t ap chèche ankouraje tolerans ak akseptasyon atravè liy relijye yo, te aksepte sijesyon an san ezite. Apre konklizyon Langar la, Akbar te chita nan kongregasyon an ak rès sangat la epi li te poze Guru a yon kesyon. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.srigurugranthsahib.org/guru-amar-das/noor-e-ilahi.htm|title=Noor-E-Ilahi}}</ref> Ajyografi Sikh yo rele ''janam-sakhis'' mansyone ke Guru Amar Das te konvenk Akbar pou l retire taks sou pelren Endou ki t ap ale Haridwar. Bhai Mani Singh (1718), yon figi Sikh enpòtan, mansyone ke anvan reyinyon an Akbar te sipliye Guru a pou yon benediksyon pou l te anekse Chittorgarh ki difisil pou pran an, ke Guru a te bay epi apre reyinyon an li te bay 84 vilaj nan non Guru Sikh enpòtan li a, Ram Das, apre Guru a li menm te refize. ==== Ritwèl nan Sikhism: maryaj, festival, fineray ==== Amar Das te konpoze yon im kaptivan yo rele ''Anand'' epi li te fè l tounen yon pati nan rituèl maryaj Sikh yo rele " Anand Karaj ", ki literalman vle di "evènman byennere". Amar Das te kwè ke yon maryaj ki reyisi se yon maryaj kote nanm mari a ak madanm nan vin tounen yon sèl metaforikman: "Yo pa mari ak fem ki chita ansanm. Òkontre, yo se fem ak mari ki gen youn lespri nan de kò." —&#x200A;Guru Amar Das, translation from ''Indian Feminism: Class, Gender & Identity in Medieval Ages'' (2016) by Rukhsana Iftikhar Nan epòk kontanporen an, yo chante imn ''Anand'' lan pa sèlman pandan maryaj Sikh yo, men tou nan gwo selebrasyon yo. Yo resite pati nan "imn Anand" lan nan tanp Sikh yo ( ''Gurdwara'' ) chak swa, lè yo bay yon tibebe Sikh non, epitou pandan yon antèman Sikh. Li se yon seksyon nan konpozisyon ''Anand Sahib'' Guru Amar Das la, enprime sou paj 917 a 922 nan ''Adi Granth'' la epi mete sou raga "Ramkali" a. <ref name="fenech35" /> Tout konpozisyon ''Anand Sahib'' Guru Amar Das la se yon melanj [[lengwistik]] lang Panjabi ak Hindi, ki reflete edikasyon ak orijin Guru Amar Das. Im nan selebre libète anba soufrans ak enkyetid, inyon nanm nan ak divin nan, li dekri bonè yon devwe reyalize atravè [[Guru (mèt espirityèl)|Guru]] a avèk devosyon enteryè ak lè li repete Non Kreyatè a. <ref name="Mandair2013p89" /> Im nan deklare nan strof 19 ke Veda yo anseye "Non an sipwèm", nan strof 27 ke Smriti ak Shastra diskite sou byen ak mal la men yo ireyèl paske yo pa gen yon Guru epi ke se gras Guru a ki reveye kè a ak devosyon anvè Non an. Im nan selebre lavi yon mèt kay ak devosyon enteryè konstan anvè Youn nan, li fini chak strof ak karakteristik "di Nanak". Nan tradisyon Sikh la, yo rekonèt Guru Amar Das tou kòm yon moun ki te ankouraje konstriksyon tanp ak kote Sikh yo te ka rasanble pandan fèt tankou Maghi, Diwali ak Vaisakhi . Li te mande disip li yo pou yo rasanble pou lapriyè ak selebrasyon kominotè nan otòn pou Diwali ak nan prentan pou Vaisakhi, toulede ansyen fèt apre rekòt nan peyi Zend. ==== Fondasyon Goindwal ak konstriksyon Baoli Sahib la ==== Guru Amar Das te responsab pou etabli yon nouvo sant otorite Sikh nan Goindwal epi pou konstwi yon pi an eskalye yo rele Baoli Sahib nan plas la. Previzyon Guru a ki te bati yon katye jeneral nan kote santral Goindwal nan Punjab sou bò larivyè Beas la, ki kwaze pa twa gwo rejyon kiltirèl nan zòn nan ( Majha, Malwa, ak Doaba ), te ka fasilite rapid pwopagasyon Sikhism nan tout twa prensipal rejyon Punjab yo. <ref name=":022" /> Baoli Sahib la te premye sit pelerinaj vrèman Sikh la epi li te ede atire nouvo manm potansyèl nan lafwa a. <ref name=":022" /> ==== Sit Tanp an lò a ==== [[Fichye:Hamandir_Sahib_(Golden_Temple).jpg|vignette|Guru Amar Das te chwazi sit la pou [[Tanp an lò a|Harimandir Sahib]] (Golden Temple). ]] Guru Amar Das te chwazi sit la nan vilaj Amritsar pou yon tanp espesyal, ke Guru Ram Das te kòmanse bati, Guru Arjan te fini epi inogire, epi Sikh Maharaja Ranjit Singh te dore. Tanp sa a te evolye pou l vin tounen "Harimandir Sahib" kontanporen an, oubyen tanp Hari (Bondye), ke yo rele tou [[Tanp an lò a|Tanp an lò]] a. Se sit pelerinaj ki pi sakre nan Sikhi. ==== Festival yo ==== Entelektyèl tankou Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech ak William McLeod deklare ke Guru Amar Das te gen yon gwo enfliyans nan entwodui "karakteristik distenk, pelerinaj, festival, tanp ak rituèl" ki depi epòk li te yon pati entegral nan Sikhi. Li te responsab pou ranfòse dat Vaisakhi ak Diwali kòm evènman bianyèl kote Sikh yo te ka rasanble ansanm epi rankontre dirèkteman ak guru yo. ==== Lekriti Sent yo ==== [[Fichye:Folios_from_the_Pinjore_recension_of_the_Goindwal_Pothi.jpg|vignette|Folios ki soti nan revizyon Pinjore nan Goindwal Pothi, anviwon ane 1570 yo]] Yo sonje Amar Das tou kòm moun ki te kòmanse koleksyon im yo ke yo rekonèt kounye a kòm ''Goindwal Pothi'' oubyen ''Mohan Pothi'', ki te vin tounen ''[[Guru Granth Sahib|Adi Granth]]'' la – premye edisyon ekriti Sikh yo – anba senkyèm Mèt Sikh la, ki te finalman vin tounen ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' anba dizyèm Mèt Sikh la. Prèske 900 im Guru Amar Das te konpoze yo reprezante twazyèm pi gwo pati a, oubyen anviwon 15%, nan ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' la. === Chwazi yon siksesè === [[Fichye:Gilded_panel_depicting_Guru_Amar_Das_with_his_sons,_Baba_Mohan_and_Baba_Mohri,_from_Gurdwara_Chaubara_Sahib.jpg|vignette|Panèl dore ki dekri Guru Amar Das ak pitit gason l yo, Baba Mohan ak Baba Mohri, ki soti nan Gurdwara Chaubara Sahib.]] Amar Das te gen kat moun nan tèt li ki t ap pran plas li kòm pwochen Guru a: # Ramu, bofis li # Jetha, bofis li # Mohan, pi gran pitit gason l lan # Mohri, pi piti pitit gason l lan Li te kreye kat tès pou yo tout te pase pou deside kilès ki pral eritye tit guru a. Yo di se sèlman Jetha ki te reyisi yo tout. <ref name=":2" /> Gen moun ki panse li te ka konsidere pwòp pitit fi li, Bhani, kòm yon posib siksesè pou pòs guru a yon lè. == Lanmò == Yon ti tan anvan lanmò li, yo ekri nan ''[[Ramkali Sadu]]'' (ki te konpoze pa pitit pitit gason l, Baba Sundar ), ke li te mande tout fanmi li pou rekonèt nouvo Guru a, Ram Das, epi li te pèsonèlman mete pat sandal la sou fwon Bhai Jetha pou [[Guru Gaddi|wenn li]] kòm siksesè li. Li te mouri an 1574, nan Goindwal Sahib, epi tankou lòt Guru Sikh yo, yo te boule l, epi yo te plonje "flè" yo (zo ak sann ki te rete apre kremasyon an) nan harisar (dlo k ap koule). == Literati == Yo atribiye yon gwo kantite travay ekri bay Guru Amar Das. Travay powetik li yo reflete byen travay Guru Nanak yo, yon apwòch konsèvatif ki petèt te akòz laj fin vye granmoun Amar Das lè li te vin gourou a. Anplis de sa, tradisyon tèks Sikh la te avanse anpil pandan manda li kòm gourou, avèk yon egzanp se konpilasyon Goindwal Pothis la. Amar Das bay kòmantè sou seleksyon Bhagat Bani ki te deja enkli nan Goindwal Pothis la nan etap sa a. Travay ki pi prensipal li a se te ''Anand Sahib'', ki konsantre sou relasyon ki genyen ant gourou a, disip li yo (Sikh yo), ak ''[[Gurbani|bani yo]]'' . == Nan kilti popilè == ''Guru Amardas'' se yon [[Documentaries|fim dokimantè ki]] soti an 1979, reyalize pa Prem Prakash epi pwodui pa Divizyon Fim Gouvènman End lan, ki kouvri lavi ak ansèyman li yo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/guru-amardas|title=GURU AMARDAS {{!}} Films Division|website=filmsdivision.org|access-date=12 June 2021|archive-date=12 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612092355/https://filmsdivision.org/shop/guru-amardas|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Galri == <gallery> Fichye:Guru_Amar_Das,_painting_from_ca.1800–1810.jpg|alt=Guru Amar Das, painting from ca.1800–1810.| Guru Amar Das, penti soti nan ca.1800–1810. Fichye:Guru_Amar_Das_miniature.jpg|alt=Guru Amar Das miniature painting.| Penti tipòtrè Guru Amar Das. Fichye:Stamp_of_India_-_1979_-_Colnect_312147_-_500th_Birth_Anniv_Guru_Amar_Das_-_Sikh_Leader.jpeg|alt=500th Birth Anniv. Guru Amar Das postage stamp 1979| 500yèm anivèsè nesans. Koupon pou lapòs Guru Amar Das 1979 </gallery> == Gade tou ==   * Bhakti * Mouvman Bhakti * Dasam Granth * Japji {{s-start}} {{succession box|before=[[Guru Angad]]|title=[[Sikh gurus|Sikh Guru]]|years=26 March 1552 – 1 September 1574|after=[[Guru Ram Das]]}} {{s-end}} [[Kategori:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] 7l232wlm5vxvtxjsywam145qt5bzlbm Anastasia (fim, 1997) 0 97893 889135 889081 2026-10-23T03:11:39Z Kitanago 19629 Infobox sinema (fim) 889135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sinema (fim) | tit = Anastasia | imaj = Anastasia (1997) Logo.png | upright = 1.5 | lejand = Logo orijinal fim nan. | reyalizasyon = [[Don Bluth]]<br />[[Gary Goldman]] | senaryo = [[Susan Gauthier]]<br />[[Bruce Graham]]<br />[[Bob Tzudiker]]<br />[[Noni White]]<br />[[Eric Tuchman]] | aktè = [[Meg Ryan]]<br />[[John Cusack]]<br />[[Kelsey Grammer]]<br />[[Christopher Lloyd]]<br />[[Hank Azaria]] | pwodiksyon = [[Fox Animation Studios]] | peyi = {{Etazini}} | jan = [[Fim animasyon|Animasyon]], [[Fim istorik|istorik]], [[Fim de Aventure|αvantaj]], [[Drame (cinéma)|dram]], [[Fim mizikal|fim mizikal]] | dire = 94 minit | ane soti = 1997 }} '''''Anastasia''''' se yon [[fim animasyon]] [[Ameriken]] reyalize pa [[Don Bluth]] ak [[Gary Goldman]], soti an [[1997]]. Pèsonaj prensipal la se gran-duchesse [[Anastasia Nikolaïevna de Russie|Anastasia Nikolaïevna]], yo rele Anastasia, pi jèn nan fanmi [[Romanov]] yo, kote dènye monak la, [[tsar]] [[Nicolas II de Russie|Nicolas II]], te viktim nan yon [[revolisyon ris]]. Siviv lejandè Anastasia, ki ta kouri kite [[Asasinat fanmi enperyal ris la|asasinat fanmi l la]], se baz dram nan. Nan fim nan, li chape anba [[bolchevik|bolchevik]] yo men li tonbe nan pèlen [[Grigori Raspoutine|Raspoutine]]. == Rezime == [[Sen Petersbourg]], [[1916]]. Lavèy revolisyon ki pral kraze l la, [[tsar]] [[Nicolas II]] ap fete trisantèn [[Maison Romanov|dinasti]] an nan [[Anpi Ris|Anpi Ris]]. Manman l, anperatris douanyè [[Dagmar de Danemark|Marie]], ale nan palè a pou l rejwenn fèt la. Li rele pi piti pitit pitit fi l la, gran-duchesse [[Anastasia Nikolaïevna de Russie|Anastasia]], epi li ba li yon [[bwat mizik]] ki jwe chante dòmi pi renmen l lan, ''Lwen frèd desanm nan''. Pou li konsole ti fi 8 zan an, ki te mande l pou l pa t tounen an Frans, souveren an ba li yon kolye ki di ''Ansanm nan Pari''. Ansyen majisyen an ki vin tounen yon move [[sòsye]] [[Raspoutine]], ke lakou a te pran pou yon sen anvan yo te konprann li te trayi fanmi enperyal la, epi ki te kidonk tolere banni, parèt yon ti tan apre. Tsar a wete l sou pouvwa a anvan l kouri: Raspoutine rele yon madichon sou fanmi Romanov yo e li kondane yo pou tout tan pou l fè他们 peye pou banisman li a. Pouvwa Raspoutine yo te ba li apre li te [[Pèk ak Dyab la|vann nanm li bay dyab la]], sa ki te pwovoke [[Revolisyon ris|revolisyon]] ki t ap anvayi Larisi, kote nòb yo t ap kouri kite vil yo te anvayi a. Ti pitit la ap eseye swiv frè l ak sè l yo men li remake li pa gen bwat mizik li a. Swiv pa grann li, yo tounen sou pas yo. Pandan y ap eseye jwenn bwat la, jèn sèvant Dimitri a ede yo kouri jis nan moman kote [[bolchevik]] yo rive. Nan menm moman an, Anastasia tande bal yo e li konprann si li te swiv fanmi l, yo ta touye l. Marie ak Anastasia jwenn yon lakou pou yo chape anba sòt yo. Raspoutine pyèje yo la e li tonbe sou ti fi a pandan glas la ap fann: li nwaye nan dlo ki soti anba pye l yo. Souveren an ak duchesse a ap eseye pran yon tramwe Lè sa a. Marie antre ladan l, men pitit pitit fi l la tonbe epi li frape tèt li sou ray yo. Li pèdi nan mitan foul moun yo, epi Marie plonje nan delè. Dis ane apre, yon rimè ap gaye nan nouvo [[Inyon Repiblik Sosyalis Sovyetik|URSS]]: pi piti a ta kouri kite. Lè souveren an ki te rete nan [[Pari]] konnen l ap peye moun ki jwenn Anastasia a, Dimitri ak zanmi l Vladimir met sou pye yon pyèj. Yo vle jwenn yon moun ki sanble ak gran-duchesse a, fè Marie kwè se Anastasia epi genyen prim lan. Dimitri vle jwe ak souveren an lè l montre l bwat la li te ranmase nan palè a. Gran-duchesse ki disparèt la te pase dis ane nan yon òphelinat; li vin amnezik apre chòk kouri ansanm ak grann li, li bliye pase wa li a, men kòm bijou li di l ''Ansanm nan Pari'', li vle jwenn fanmi l nan [[Lafrans]]. Depi l pèdi memwa l, yo rele l Anya. Apre l fin rankontre yon [[chen]] li rele Pooka sou wout li, Anya rive Sen Petersbourg, li rankontre yon vye dam ki ba l konsèy pou l ale nan palè a wè yon sèten Dimitri ki, dapre li, ka ede l. Nan sal bal la, vye souvni anvayi l men yo disparèt lè Dimitri parèt. Kòm li wè l sanble anpil ak gran-duchesse ki disparèt la, li konvenk li pou l ale Pari avè l ak Vladimir san li pa di l yo vle sèvi avè l. Bartok, yon [[vespè|bat]] ki t ap sèvi Raspoutine, koute yo epi li jwenn [[relikyè]] ki t ap ba mèt li fòs [[Majik (surnaturel)|maji]] a epi ki tire l toudenkou nan fon tè a, kote Raspoutine ap viv kounye a. Li konprann madichon li an echwe, epi li bloke ant lavi ak lanmò. Men kòm Bartok te pote relikyè li a tounen ba li, li pral fini sa l te kòmanse nan madichonnen gran-duchesse a epi li voye [[Dèmon (espri)|demòn]] li yo pou yo touye l. Pandan vwayaj la pou Pari, jèn eroyin an prèske mouri plizyè fwa: li menm ak lòt yo chape anba yon aksidan tren, epi Raspoutine anbese l lè li itilize frè l ak sè l yo pou l sote nan lanmè a, yon tantativ mèt la ap eseye pou l elimine l ke Dimitri anpeche. Echèk li yo fè sorsye a sitèlman fache li pati pou Pari pou l touye Anya li menm. Se nan menm moman sa a Marie ak kouzen li Sophie ap poze yon jèn fanm kesyon ki deklare yon fason ki fo li se Anastasia. Tout jèn fanm ki vin wè Marie yo te bay manti sou idantite yo, konsa souveren an bouke ak pyèj sa yo epi li fè yo sispann rankont yo. Dimitri ak Vladimir transmèt Anya anpil konesans sou lavi gran-duchesse a pou l ka konvenk Sophie epi wè Marie. Pandan antretyen an ak Sophie, Anya reponn kòrèkteman sou yon kesyon ki pa t prevni, ijans souvren yo pandan sware revolisyon an, kote Dimitri toujou sonje, epi dènye a rann kont li se vre wi Anastasia. Yo resevwa l nan tès la epi yo enfòme l sou refi Marie a, men Sophie ajoute ke souveren an pral wè yon [[balè ris]] epi li konseye yo pou yo ale jwenn li la. Bal la fini, Dimitri vle konvenk Marie pou l resevwa Anya, men souveren an opoze ak sa, toujou an kòlè kont impostè yo. Li konnen efò li fè pou l jwenn yon fanm ki sanble ak ti pitit pitit li a pou l jwenn rekonpans lan. Dènye a koute yo epi, an kòlè, kite Dimitri. Jèn gason an kidnape Marie epi li montre l bwat la pou l eseye konvenk li ankò. Li aksepte pou l al wè Anya malgre dout li, men lè jèn fanm nan louvri bwat la pou l chante chante dòmi an, li konprann li jwenn ti fi ki te pèdi a. Memwa òfelen an debloque lè l wè foto fanmi Marie yo. Souveren an angaje l pou l peye Dimitri, men kriminèl la refize. Marie, ki rekonèt ti gason ki te sove l anba bolchevik yo, konprann ke lavi duchesse a gen plis valè pase nenpòt prim nan je jèn gason an. Kèk tan apre, gran-duchesse a ap chèche Pooka nan pak palè yo. Raspoutine sipriz li, e li sèlman rekonèt li lè li pale de tan lontan. Yon batay deklanche, epi eroyin an prèske pèdi lè Dimitri sove l ak lavi l menm. Men Pooka rive rache relikyè majik la nan men Raspoutine, ke Anya detwi answit. Detriksyon relikyè a detruyi sorsye a tou. Dimitri ak duchesse a vin byen ankò epi yo deside viv ansanm. Li ekri Marie pou l di l y ap revèy ankò. « Sa se yon bèl kòmansman », souveren an deklare. Bartok menm jwenn lanmou nan lavi l tou. == Pèsonaj == === Pèsonaj prensipal === * [[Anastasia Nikolaïevna de Russie|Anastasia]], eroyin istwa a. Pitit fi 8 an tsar Nicolas II, li pèdi memwa l nan sware Revolisyon Ris la pandan l t ap kouri ak grann li. Lè l vin òfelen, li deside, 10 ane apre, pou l ale chache orijin li. === Pèsonaj segondè === * **Dimitri** : Jèn ris ki ap òganize yon pyèj pou jwenn rekonpans grann gran-duchesse a pwopoze a lè l jwenn yon aktris pou jwe wòl printès la. Li te ede tou nan kouri Anastasia ak Marie lè li te louvri yon pòt ki te kache nan yon miray nan chanm jèn fi a. * **Vladimir** : Asosye Dimitri. Ti non li se Vlad. * [[Dagmar de Danemark|Marie]] : Grann Anastasia. * **Sophie** : Kouzen jèmen Marie, yon moun Pari. * **Pooka** : Ti chen Anastasia te adopte sou wout la, nan kòmansman fim nan. * [[Grigori Raspoutine|Raspoutine]] : Ansyen majisyen ki te vin tounen yon move sòsye ki te voye yon madichon sou fanmi Romanov la paske yo te banni l pou trayizon. Li pouswiv Anastasia epi l ap eseye touye l pou l atenn objektif li. * **Bartok** : Vespè Raspoutine. * [[Nicolas II]] : Papa l, tsar Larisi. * [[Alix de Hesse-Darmstadt|Alexandra]] : Manman l, anperatris tout Larisi. * Frè l [[Alexis Nikolaïevitch de Russie|Alexis]] ansanm ak [[Olga Nikolaïevna de Russie (1895-1918)|Olga]], [[Tatiana Nikolaïevna de Russie|Tatiana]] ak [[Maria Nikolaïevna de Russie (1899-1918)|Maria]], sè l yo. Nan Pari parèt [[Joséphine Baker]] ak senti bannann li k ap mache ak yon pantè, [[Claude Monet]] k ap pentire ak [[Auguste Rodin]]. == Fich teknik == * Tit : ''Anastasia'' * Reyalizasyon : Don Bluth ak [[Gary Goldman]] * Senaryo : [[Arthur Laurents]], [[Susan Gauthier]], [[Bruce Graham]], [[Bob Tzudiker]] ak [[Noni White]], daprè pyès teyat ''[[Anastasia (pièce)|Anastasia]]'' pa [[Marcelle Maurette]] * Chante : [[Lynn Ahrens]] ak [[Stephen Flaherty]] * Lirik ak mizik : [[David Newman (compositeur)|David Newman]] * Pwodiksyon : Gary Goldman * Sosyete distribisyon : [[20th Century Studios|20th Century Fox]] (Etazini) ; [[UGC Fox Distribution]] (Frans) * Bidjè : 50 000 000 $ * Resèt biwo bwat (Box office) : * {{Etats-Unis}} : 58 406 347 $ * {{Monde}} Mondyal : 139 804 348 $ * Lang : [[angle]] * Jan : [[Animasyon (odyovizyèl)|Animasyon]], [[Fim istorik|istorik]], [[Fim avantaj|avantaj]], [[Dram (sinema)|dram]] ak [[Fim mizikal|fim mizikal]] * Dire : 94 minit * Dat soti : * [[Etazini]] : 21 novanm 1997 * [[Lafrans]] : 4 fevriye 1998 == Distribisyon == === Vwa orijinal === * [[Meg Ryan]] : Anastasia * [[Liz Callaway]] : Anastasia (chant) * [[Kirsten Dunst]] : Jèn Anastasia * [[Lacey Chabert]] : Jèn Anastasia (chant) * [[John Cusack]] : Dimitri * Jonathan Dokuchitz : Dimitri (chant) * [[Christopher Lloyd]] : Raspoutine * [[Jim Cummings (acteur, 1952)|Jim Cummings]] : Raspoutine (chant) * [[Kelsey Grammer]] : Vladimir * [[Hank Azaria]] : Bartok * [[Angela Lansbury]] : Anperatris douanyè Marie * Rick Jones : [[Tsar Nicolas II]] * [[Bernadette Peters]] : Sophie == Kritike laprès == ''[[Télérama]]'' pale de yon fim ki gen anpil fantazi ak anpil aksyon ki pote pa yon bèl kad distribisyon vwa. ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' apresye istwa sa a ki amizan e ki eksite an menm tan. == Band orijinal == Bann orijinal fim nan soti an oktòb 1997 an kasèt odyo ak an CD. {{Album|titre = Anastasia (BO amerikèn) |année = 1997 |contenu = # A Rumor in St. Petersburg – 3:25 # Journey to the Past (Liz Callaway) – 2:55 # Once upon a December (Liz Callaway) – 2:48 # In the Dark of the Night (Jim Cummings) – 3:21 # Learn to Do It (Kelsey Grammer, Liz Callaway, Jonathan Dokuchitz) – 2:36 # Learn to Do It [Waltz Reprise] (Kelsey Grammer) – 1:45 # Paris Holds the Key (To Your Heart) (Bernadette Peters, Jonathan Dokuchitz) – 3:02 # At the Beginning ([[Donna Lewis]] ak [[Richard Marx]]) – 3:40 # Journey to the Past ([[Aaliyah]]) – 4:04 # Once upon a December ([[Deana Carter]]) – 3:34 # Prologue (David Newman) – 6:23 # Speaking of Sophie (David Newman) – 2:36 # The Nightmare (David Newman) – 3:05 # Kidnap and Reunion (David Newman) – 4:29 # Reminiscing with Grandma (David Newman) – 3:17 # Finale (David Newman) – 2:59 # Viaje Tiempo Atrás (Journey to the Past an panyòl) ([[Thalía]]) – 3:07 }} == Fim ki derive == Yon fim ki derive, ''[[Bartok le magnifique]]'', se reyalize pa Don Bluth ak Gary Goldman an 1999. Li soti dirèkteman an videyo. == Referans == {{References}} == Lyen deyò == * {{Bases audiovisuel}} {{Palette|Don Bluth}} [[Kategori:Fim ameriken soti an 1997]] [[Kategori:Fim mizikal dramatik ameriken]] [[Kategori:Fim avantaj ameriken]] [[Kategori:Fim istorik ameriken]] [[Kategori:Fim animasyon ameriken]] [[Kategori:Fim reyalize pa Don Bluth]] [[Kategori:Fim de Fox Animation Studios]] [[Kategori:Fim de 20th Century Fox]] i1ln05ubuqqrxg7ekulfn2nny46y64a Carlos Miguel Fernandez 0 97894 889113 2026-10-22T13:00:30Z Angeleditorpanama 40777 Paj ki kreye ak " [[File:Carlos Miguel Fernandez.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Carlos Miguel Fernández]] '''Carlos Miguel Fernández''' (fèt nan [[Santiago (Dominican Republic)|Santiago de los Caballeros]], [[Dominican Republic|Repiblik Dominikàn]]) se yon kominikatè dijital, jounalis, ekriwen, animatè radyo ak pwodiktè mizik dominiken. == Biyografi ak Karyè == Carlos Miguel Fernández fèt nan vil [[Santiago (Dominican Republic)|Santiago de los Caballeros]]. Nan medya dijital yo ak sou E... " 889113 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Carlos Miguel Fernandez.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Carlos Miguel Fernández]] '''Carlos Miguel Fernández''' (fèt nan [[Santiago (Dominican Republic)|Santiago de los Caballeros]], [[Dominican Republic|Repiblik Dominikàn]]) se yon kominikatè dijital, jounalis, ekriwen, animatè radyo ak pwodiktè mizik dominiken. == Biyografi ak Karyè == Carlos Miguel Fernández fèt nan vil [[Santiago (Dominican Republic)|Santiago de los Caballeros]]. Nan medya dijital yo ak sou Entènèt, li te fè tèt li konnen anba plizyè non atistik tankou ''DJ Carlos'', ''DJ Carlos TV'' ak ''DJCARLOSTV''. Li te travay nan pwodiksyon mizik irben atravè pwojè ''SOGRAFER Music'' epi li te lanse platfòm medya dijital ''En Cabina TV''<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández Lanza «En Cabina TV»: Innovación en Contenidos Digitales |url=https://noticiasdominicanas.com/carlos-miguel-fernandez-lanza-en-cabina-tv-innovacion-en-contenidos-digitales/14999 |work=Noticias Dominicanas |date=2023-01-15 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref>. Anplis de sa, li te fonde nan vil Santiago platfòm kontni dijital ki rele ''Planovisión''<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Fernández lanza Planovisión, una plataforma de contenidos digitales en Santiago |url=https://diariocibao.com/carlos-fernandez-lanza-planovision-una-plataforma-de-contenidos-digitales-en-santiago/ |work=Diario Cibao |date=2023-01-18 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://notidomi.com/emprendedor-lanza-plataforma-de-creacion-de-contenidos-digitales-en-santiago/ |title=Emprendedor lanza plataforma de creación de contenidos digitales en Santiago |website=Notidomi |date=2023-01-18 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref>. == Medya ak Jounalis == Tantan kominikatè, Carlos Miguel Fernández pibliye souvan nan laprès dijital sou sijè politik, lasante piblik, enfrastrikti ak jesyon imigrasyon: * Nan ane 2024, li te pibliye yon seri envestigasyon sou fason konpayi elektrisite EDENORTE ap faktire kliyan yo<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández lanza serie de investigación sobre las prácticas de facturación de EDENORTE |url=https://primicias.net/web/carlos-miguel-fernandez-lanza-serie-de-investigacion-sobre-las-practicas-de-facturacion-de-edenorte/ |work=Primicias |date=2024 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref> epi li te denonse pwoblèm enfrastrikti ak dlo ak konpayi CORAASAN<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández denuncia excavaciones abandonadas por CORAASAN |url=https://lavozsincensura.com/carlos-miguel-fernandez-denuncia-excavaciones-abandonadas-por-coraasan-y-la-falta-de-agua-en-sectores-locales/portada/ |work=La Voz Sin Censura |date=2024 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Comunicador Carlos Miguel Fernández denuncia falta de información sobre presos fallecidos |url=https://eljacaguero.com.do/comunicador-carlos-miguel-fernandez-denuncia-falta-de-informacion-sobre-presos-fallecidos/ |work=El Jacaguero |date=2024 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref>. * Nan fevriye 2026, laprès te pale anpil sou li lè vòlò te vòlè machin li nan Santiago avèk ekipman sinema ki te vo 26 000 dola ameriken anndan l<ref>{{cite news |title=Roban carro a comunicador en Santiago |url=https://remolacha.net/2026/02/carlos-miguel-fernandez/ |work=Remolacha |date=2026-02 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Denuncian robo de vehículo a comunicador en Santiago; delincuentes cargan con US$26,000 en equipos de cine |url=https://ensegundos.do/2026/02/09/denuncian-robo-de-vehiculo-a-comunicador-en-santiago-delincuentes-cargan-con-usd-26000-en-equipos-de-cine/ |work=Ensegundos |date=2026-02-09 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Roban vehículo de comunicador con equipos por US$26 mil |url=https://diariodigitalrd.com/2026/02/09/roban-vehiculo-de-comunicador-con-equipos-por-us26-mil.html/ |work=DiarioDigitalRD |date=2026-02-09 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref>. * Li te pran pozisyon piblikman tou sou pwojè kab elektrik anba lanmè avèk Pòtopriyo (Puerto Rico)<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández cuestiona proyecto de interconexion eléctrica con Puerto Rico |url=https://labazuca.com/2026/02/26/carlos-miguel-fernandez-cuestiona-proyecto-de-interconexion-electrica-con-puerto-rico/ |work=Labazuca |date=2026-02-26 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Oposición dominicana al cable submarino para traer electricidad de la República Dominicana |url=https://esnoticiapr.com/oposicion-dominicana-al-cable-submarino-para-traer-electricidad-de-la-republica-dominicana/ |work=Es Noticia PR |date=2026 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref> ak sou presyon imigrasyon ayisyen an nan peyi a<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández afirma que RD enfrenta una creciente presión migratoria haitiana |url=https://labazuca.com/2026/10/03/carlos-miguel-fernandez-afirma-que-rd-enfrenta-una-creciente-presion-migratoria-haitiana/?noamp=mobile |work=Labazuca |date=2026-10-03 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández advierte sobre el impacto de las políticas gubernamentales |url=https://eljacaguero.com.do/carlos-miguel-fernandez-advierte-sobre-el-impacto-de-las-politicas-gubernamentales-y-plantea-interrogantes-sobre-el-futuro-de-la-soberania-dominicana/ |work=El Jacaguero |date=2026 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández advierte sobre políticas gubernamentales |url=https://www.elnuevoextra.com/2026/10/carlos-miguel-fernandez-advierte-sobre.html |work=El Nuevo Extra |date=2026-10 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref>. * Nan mwa oktòb 2026, li te relanse pwogram Nwèl ki rele ''Alegría Navideña'' kòm pwodiktè ekzekitif<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.16minutos.com/2026/10/juan-carlos-gil-paulino-y-carlos-miguel.html |title=Juan Carlos Gil Paulino y Carlos Miguel Fernández relanzan «Alegría Navideña» en 2026 |website=16 Minutos |date=2026-10-09 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref>. == Liv li yo == * ''De Cero a Cien'' * ''El Real Amor'' * ''Política Directa'' * ''El Poder en Sí'' * ''Cuarenta y Tres (43)'' == Referans == {{reflist}} == Lyen ekstènn == * [https://podcasts.apple.com/pe/podcast/carlos-miguel-fernandez/id1774894778 Carlos Miguel Fernandez sou Apple Podcasts] * [https://www.dailymotion.com/user/carlosfernandeztv Carlos Miguel Fernández sou Dailymotion] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carlos_Miguel_Fernandez.jpg Fichye ak medya sou Carlos Miguel Fernández nan Wikimedia Commons] 2k9ekkwn8bgorv8ps05a5a9zxyb0vo0 889118 889113 2026-10-22T16:29:04Z Taichi 51 889118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|crosswiki spam}} [[File:Carlos Miguel Fernandez.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Carlos Miguel Fernández]] '''Carlos Miguel Fernández''' (fèt nan [[Santiago (Dominican Republic)|Santiago de los Caballeros]], [[Dominican Republic|Repiblik Dominikàn]]) se yon kominikatè dijital, jounalis, ekriwen, animatè radyo ak pwodiktè mizik dominiken. == Biyografi ak Karyè == Carlos Miguel Fernández fèt nan vil [[Santiago (Dominican Republic)|Santiago de los Caballeros]]. Nan medya dijital yo ak sou Entènèt, li te fè tèt li konnen anba plizyè non atistik tankou ''DJ Carlos'', ''DJ Carlos TV'' ak ''DJCARLOSTV''. Li te travay nan pwodiksyon mizik irben atravè pwojè ''SOGRAFER Music'' epi li te lanse platfòm medya dijital ''En Cabina TV''<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández Lanza «En Cabina TV»: Innovación en Contenidos Digitales |url=https://noticiasdominicanas.com/carlos-miguel-fernandez-lanza-en-cabina-tv-innovacion-en-contenidos-digitales/14999 |work=Noticias Dominicanas |date=2023-01-15 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref>. Anplis de sa, li te fonde nan vil Santiago platfòm kontni dijital ki rele ''Planovisión''<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Fernández lanza Planovisión, una plataforma de contenidos digitales en Santiago |url=https://diariocibao.com/carlos-fernandez-lanza-planovision-una-plataforma-de-contenidos-digitales-en-santiago/ |work=Diario Cibao |date=2023-01-18 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://notidomi.com/emprendedor-lanza-plataforma-de-creacion-de-contenidos-digitales-en-santiago/ |title=Emprendedor lanza plataforma de creación de contenidos digitales en Santiago |website=Notidomi |date=2023-01-18 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref>. == Medya ak Jounalis == Tantan kominikatè, Carlos Miguel Fernández pibliye souvan nan laprès dijital sou sijè politik, lasante piblik, enfrastrikti ak jesyon imigrasyon: * Nan ane 2024, li te pibliye yon seri envestigasyon sou fason konpayi elektrisite EDENORTE ap faktire kliyan yo<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández lanza serie de investigación sobre las prácticas de facturación de EDENORTE |url=https://primicias.net/web/carlos-miguel-fernandez-lanza-serie-de-investigacion-sobre-las-practicas-de-facturacion-de-edenorte/ |work=Primicias |date=2024 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref> epi li te denonse pwoblèm enfrastrikti ak dlo ak konpayi CORAASAN<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández denuncia excavaciones abandonadas por CORAASAN |url=https://lavozsincensura.com/carlos-miguel-fernandez-denuncia-excavaciones-abandonadas-por-coraasan-y-la-falta-de-agua-en-sectores-locales/portada/ |work=La Voz Sin Censura |date=2024 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Comunicador Carlos Miguel Fernández denuncia falta de información sobre presos fallecidos |url=https://eljacaguero.com.do/comunicador-carlos-miguel-fernandez-denuncia-falta-de-informacion-sobre-presos-fallecidos/ |work=El Jacaguero |date=2024 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref>. * Nan fevriye 2026, laprès te pale anpil sou li lè vòlò te vòlè machin li nan Santiago avèk ekipman sinema ki te vo 26 000 dola ameriken anndan l<ref>{{cite news |title=Roban carro a comunicador en Santiago |url=https://remolacha.net/2026/02/carlos-miguel-fernandez/ |work=Remolacha |date=2026-02 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Denuncian robo de vehículo a comunicador en Santiago; delincuentes cargan con US$26,000 en equipos de cine |url=https://ensegundos.do/2026/02/09/denuncian-robo-de-vehiculo-a-comunicador-en-santiago-delincuentes-cargan-con-usd-26000-en-equipos-de-cine/ |work=Ensegundos |date=2026-02-09 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Roban vehículo de comunicador con equipos por US$26 mil |url=https://diariodigitalrd.com/2026/02/09/roban-vehiculo-de-comunicador-con-equipos-por-us26-mil.html/ |work=DiarioDigitalRD |date=2026-02-09 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref>. * Li te pran pozisyon piblikman tou sou pwojè kab elektrik anba lanmè avèk Pòtopriyo (Puerto Rico)<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández cuestiona proyecto de interconexion eléctrica con Puerto Rico |url=https://labazuca.com/2026/02/26/carlos-miguel-fernandez-cuestiona-proyecto-de-interconexion-electrica-con-puerto-rico/ |work=Labazuca |date=2026-02-26 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Oposición dominicana al cable submarino para traer electricidad de la República Dominicana |url=https://esnoticiapr.com/oposicion-dominicana-al-cable-submarino-para-traer-electricidad-de-la-republica-dominicana/ |work=Es Noticia PR |date=2026 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref> ak sou presyon imigrasyon ayisyen an nan peyi a<ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández afirma que RD enfrenta una creciente presión migratoria haitiana |url=https://labazuca.com/2026/10/03/carlos-miguel-fernandez-afirma-que-rd-enfrenta-una-creciente-presion-migratoria-haitiana/?noamp=mobile |work=Labazuca |date=2026-10-03 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández advierte sobre el impacto de las políticas gubernamentales |url=https://eljacaguero.com.do/carlos-miguel-fernandez-advierte-sobre-el-impacto-de-las-politicas-gubernamentales-y-plantea-interrogantes-sobre-el-futuro-de-la-soberania-dominicana/ |work=El Jacaguero |date=2026 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Carlos Miguel Fernández advierte sobre políticas gubernamentales |url=https://www.elnuevoextra.com/2026/10/carlos-miguel-fernandez-advierte-sobre.html |work=El Nuevo Extra |date=2026-10 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref>. * Nan mwa oktòb 2026, li te relanse pwogram Nwèl ki rele ''Alegría Navideña'' kòm pwodiktè ekzekitif<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.16minutos.com/2026/10/juan-carlos-gil-paulino-y-carlos-miguel.html |title=Juan Carlos Gil Paulino y Carlos Miguel Fernández relanzan «Alegría Navideña» en 2026 |website=16 Minutos |date=2026-10-09 |access-date=2026-10-22 |language=es}}</ref>. == Liv li yo == * ''De Cero a Cien'' * ''El Real Amor'' * ''Política Directa'' * ''El Poder en Sí'' * ''Cuarenta y Tres (43)'' == Referans == {{reflist}} == Lyen ekstènn == * [https://podcasts.apple.com/pe/podcast/carlos-miguel-fernandez/id1774894778 Carlos Miguel Fernandez sou Apple Podcasts] * [https://www.dailymotion.com/user/carlosfernandeztv Carlos Miguel Fernández sou Dailymotion] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carlos_Miguel_Fernandez.jpg Fichye ak medya sou Carlos Miguel Fernández nan Wikimedia Commons] mi8xz7qzk20ga5j29bzmq89m4x7nf5y Claude-Inga Barbey 0 97895 889114 2026-10-22T15:05:23Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''' se yon [[Komedyen|imoris]], [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[ekriven]] [[swis]] ki fèt jou ki te 21 janvier nan lane 1961 nan vil Jenèv epi mouri 3 janvier 2026 <references responsive="1"></references> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Mouri ak yon kanse nan pankreyas]] [[Kategori:Mouri Geneve]] [[Kategori:Mouri nan janvye 2026]] [[Kategori:Fet Geneve]] [[Kategori:Imoris fanm Swis]] [[Kategori:Ekriven Swis XXe syek]] [[Kategori:Fet nan janvye 1961]] [[Kategori:Mouri ak 64 lane]] [[Kategori:Animate radyo swis]] [[Kategori:Aktris teyat swis]] [[Kategori:Pesonalite meyrinoise]] ng9s5dnp2o3909qizpfjuxn6hdtn7v8 889117 889114 2026-10-22T15:50:22Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''' se yon [[Komedyen|imoris]], [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[ekriven]] [[swis]] ki fèt jou ki te 21 janvier nan lane 1961 nan vil Jenèv epi mouri 3 janvier 2026 == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fanmi === Claude-Inga Barbey fèt nan yon jou ki te 21 janvier nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv ki sitiye l nan katye Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman l yo te mete l nan gadri apres yo te vin adopte l le l te rive nan laj twa lane paske paran li yo te alkolik ak konsomate dwog yo te vin abandone l. Depi lè sa Barbey pa t gen okenn kontak ak manman biyolojik li jiskaske li rive nan dènye lane nan lavil soti 2026 pou rive 2018<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>nan yon lopital se le sa li rekonekte ak manman li. gran gran granpapa li bo kote manman ki rele Paul Mercier, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat timoun, yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman ane 1980 yo, ki pral marye ak pitit gason aktris [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> ak twa pitit gason, dènye a ki fèt nan kòmansman ane 2000 yo,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. Non sivil li se Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Papa premye pitit li a, Jean-Michel Broillet, ke li te marye avè l epi apre sa li te separe, te mouri an 2017, apre yon machin te frape l nan vil Jenèv la,<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> <references responsive="1"></references> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Mouri ak yon kanse nan pankreyas]] [[Kategori:Mouri Geneve]] [[Kategori:Mouri nan janvye 2026]] [[Kategori:Fet Geneve]] [[Kategori:Imoris fanm Swis]] [[Kategori:Ekriven Swis XXe syek]] [[Kategori:Fet nan janvye 1961]] [[Kategori:Mouri ak 64 lane]] [[Kategori:Animate radyo swis]] [[Kategori:Aktris teyat swis]] [[Kategori:Pesonalite meyrinoise]] akjrn56s9jteghxdgae3ean53hgxhbp 889119 889117 2026-10-22T16:35:32Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''' se yon [[Komedyen|imoris]], [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[ekriven]] [[swis]] ki fèt jou ki te 21 janvier nan lane 1961 nan vil Jenèv epi mouri 3 janvier 2026 == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fanmi === Claude-Inga Barbey fèt nan yon jou ki te 21 janvier nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv ki sitiye l nan katye Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman l yo te mete l nan gadri apres yo te vin adopte l le l te rive nan laj twa lane paske paran li yo te alkolik ak konsomate dwog yo te vin abandone l. Depi lè sa Barbey pa t gen okenn kontak ak manman biyolojik li jiskaske li rive nan dènye lane nan lavil soti 2026 pou rive 2018<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>nan yon lopital se le sa li rekonekte ak manman li. gran gran granpapa li bo kote manman ki rele Paul Mercier, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat pitit. Li genyen yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman ane 1980 yo ki vin marye ak pitit gason komedyèn [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> apresa li genyen twa pitit gason,dènye a fèt nan kòmansman ane 2000,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. li pote non sivil Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Claude-Inga Barbey te marye ak Jean-Michel Broillet epi aprè sa yo te vin separe, se li menm ki te papa premye pitit li a . Li mouri nan lane 2017, apre yon machin te frape l nan vil Jenèv<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref>. === Anfans === <references responsive="1"></references> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] [[Kategori:Mouri ak yon kanse nan pankreyas]] [[Kategori:Mouri Geneve]] [[Kategori:Mouri nan janvye 2026]] [[Kategori:Fet Geneve]] [[Kategori:Imoris fanm Swis]] [[Kategori:Ekriven Swis XXe syek]] [[Kategori:Fet nan janvye 1961]] [[Kategori:Mouri ak 64 lane]] [[Kategori:Animate radyo swis]] [[Kategori:Aktris teyat swis]] [[Kategori:Pesonalite meyrinoise]] k2el87o4878bkicbvgqbvp5muow472e Diskisyon Itilizatè:Surtaburta 3 97896 889127 2026-10-23T03:02:48Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " {{Byenvini}}~~~~ " 889127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byenvini}}[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 23 oktòb 2026 à 03:02 (UTC) mtbegx0zqfj3u328hrncxbnf0lfjan8 Enstiti pou Pwoteksyon Eritaj Nasyonal la 0 97897 889129 2026-10-23T03:06:57Z Chersie06 28851 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/232206472|Institut de sauvegarde du patrimoine national]] » 889129 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enstiti pou Pwoteksyon Patrimwàn Nasyonal''' la ( '''ISPAN''' ) se yon òganizasyon piblik [[Ayiti|Repiblik Dayiti]] ki te kreye pa yon dekrè gouvènman an nan 28 mas 1979 . dcmxltiil1abiwjjtyjwzcnoch7ucg2 889131 889129 2026-10-23T03:08:42Z Chersie06 28851 889131 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enstiti pou Pwoteksyon Patrimwàn Nasyonal''' la ( '''ISPAN''' ) se yon òganizasyon piblik [[Ayiti|Repiblik Dayiti]] ki te kreye pa yon dekrè gouvènman an nan 28 mas 1979 . == Istwa == Kreyasyon ISPAN te inisye pa achitèk [[Albert Mangonès]] la epi li konsolide aktivite ansyen "Sèvis pou Konsèvasyon Moniman ak Sit Istorik" la, ki te fonde an 1972 pa achitèk Albert Mangonès la.<ref name="IPIMH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipimh.ulaval.ca/nouvelle.php?id=30|title=Les BULLETINS DE L'ISPAN|date=|website=Inventaire du patrimoine immatériel d'Haïti|access-date=2 novembre 2016}}</ref> p614wjk57d083jjife7cz4y84w324ko 889132 889131 2026-10-23T03:09:39Z Chersie06 28851 /* Istwa */ 889132 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enstiti pou Pwoteksyon Patrimwàn Nasyonal''' la ( '''ISPAN''' ) se yon òganizasyon piblik [[Ayiti|Repiblik Dayiti]] ki te kreye pa yon dekrè gouvènman an nan 28 mas 1979 . == Istwa == Kreyasyon ISPAN te inisye pa achitèk [[Albert Mangonès]] la epi li konsolide aktivite ansyen "Sèvis pou Konsèvasyon Moniman ak Sit Istorik" la, ki te fonde an 1972 pa achitèk Albert Mangonès la.<ref name="IPIMH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipimh.ulaval.ca/nouvelle.php?id=30|title=Les BULLETINS DE L'ISPAN|date=|website=Inventaire du patrimoine immatériel d'Haïti|access-date=2 novembre 2016}}</ref> === Misyon yo === ISPAN, yon òganis teknik otonòm leta Ayisyen an, gen misyon pou 69bmcdy0clsxewoafjmrolecst474vj 889133 889132 2026-10-23T03:10:04Z Chersie06 28851 /* Misyon yo */ 889133 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enstiti pou Pwoteksyon Patrimwàn Nasyonal''' la ( '''ISPAN''' ) se yon òganizasyon piblik [[Ayiti|Repiblik Dayiti]] ki te kreye pa yon dekrè gouvènman an nan 28 mas 1979 . == Istwa == Kreyasyon ISPAN te inisye pa achitèk [[Albert Mangonès]] la epi li konsolide aktivite ansyen "Sèvis pou Konsèvasyon Moniman ak Sit Istorik" la, ki te fonde an 1972 pa achitèk Albert Mangonès la.<ref name="IPIMH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipimh.ulaval.ca/nouvelle.php?id=30|title=Les BULLETINS DE L'ISPAN|date=|website=Inventaire du patrimoine immatériel d'Haïti|access-date=2 novembre 2016}}</ref> === Misyon yo === ISPAN, yon òganis teknik otonòm leta Ayisyen an, gen pou misyon m3rg9pvvizld2vsb673er7ypizsbnjg 889134 889133 2026-10-23T03:10:46Z Chersie06 28851 889134 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enstiti pou Pwoteksyon Patrimwàn Nasyonal''' la ( '''ISPAN''' ) se yon òganizasyon piblik [[Ayiti|Repiblik Dayiti]] ki te kreye pa yon dekrè gouvènman an nan 28 mas 1979 . == Istwa == Kreyasyon ISPAN te inisye pa achitèk [[Albert Mangonès]] la epi li konsolide aktivite ansyen "Sèvis pou Konsèvasyon Moniman ak Sit Istorik" la, ki te fonde an 1972 pa achitèk Albert Mangonès la.<ref name="IPIMH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipimh.ulaval.ca/nouvelle.php?id=30|title=Les BULLETINS DE L'ISPAN|date=|website=Inventaire du patrimoine immatériel d'Haïti|access-date=2 novembre 2016}}</ref> === Misyon yo === ISPAN, yon òganis teknik otonòm leta Ayisyen an, gen pou misyon == Referans == em03llmvcs7zln6ydpzm97y6fqpmdc5 889136 889134 2026-10-23T03:15:09Z Chersie06 28851 /* Misyon yo */ 889136 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enstiti pou Pwoteksyon Patrimwàn Nasyonal''' la ( '''ISPAN''' ) se yon òganizasyon piblik [[Ayiti|Repiblik Dayiti]] ki te kreye pa yon dekrè gouvènman an nan 28 mas 1979 . == Istwa == Kreyasyon ISPAN te inisye pa achitèk [[Albert Mangonès]] la epi li konsolide aktivite ansyen "Sèvis pou Konsèvasyon Moniman ak Sit Istorik" la, ki te fonde an 1972 pa achitèk Albert Mangonès la.<ref name="IPIMH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipimh.ulaval.ca/nouvelle.php?id=30|title=Les BULLETINS DE L'ISPAN|date=|website=Inventaire du patrimoine immatériel d'Haïti|access-date=2 novembre 2016}}</ref> === Misyon yo === ISPAN, yon òganis teknik otonòm leta Ayisyen an, gen pou misyon. * pou fè yon envantè ak yon klasifikasyon eleman konkrè ki fè pati patrimwàn nasyonal la ; * pou fè etid jeneral ak detaye sou pwojè restorasyon ak amelyorasyon pou moniman ak sit istorik yo ; pou asire direksyon ak kontwòl ekzekisyon pwojè sa yo ; * pou ede nan pwomosyon ak devlopman aktivite piblik oswa prive ki vize pwoteje patrimwàn nasyonal la ; * pou gaye tout enfòmasyon ak dokiman ki gen rapò ak patrimwàn achitekti ak moniman nasyonal ak entènasyonal. == Referans == gz71zb2ezo1bf9dd5obdr1v4iwye3v3 889138 889136 2026-10-23T03:20:02Z Chersie06 28851 /* Misyon yo */ 889138 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enstiti pou Pwoteksyon Patrimwàn Nasyonal''' la ( '''ISPAN''' ) se yon òganizasyon piblik [[Ayiti|Repiblik Dayiti]] ki te kreye pa yon dekrè gouvènman an nan 28 mas 1979 . == Istwa == Kreyasyon ISPAN te inisye pa achitèk [[Albert Mangonès]] la epi li konsolide aktivite ansyen "Sèvis pou Konsèvasyon Moniman ak Sit Istorik" la, ki te fonde an 1972 pa achitèk Albert Mangonès la.<ref name="IPIMH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipimh.ulaval.ca/nouvelle.php?id=30|title=Les BULLETINS DE L'ISPAN|date=|website=Inventaire du patrimoine immatériel d'Haïti|access-date=2 novembre 2016}}</ref> === Misyon yo === ISPAN, yon òganis teknik otonòm leta Ayisyen an, gen pou misyon. * pou fè yon envantè ak yon klasifikasyon eleman konkrè ki fè pati patrimwàn nasyonal la ; * pou fè etid jeneral ak detaye sou pwojè restorasyon ak amelyorasyon pou moniman ak sit istorik yo ; pou asire direksyon ak kontwòl ekzekisyon pwojè sa yo ; * pou ede nan pwomosyon ak devlopman aktivite piblik oswa prive ki vize pwoteje patrimwàn nasyonal la ; * pou gaye tout enfòmasyon ak dokiman ki gen rapò ak patrimwàn achitekti ak moniman nasyonal ak entènasyonal. == Prezantasyon == Enspire an gwo pati pa achitèk [[Albert Mangonès]] la, kreyasyon ISPAN an pwolonje epi konsolide aktivite Sèvis pou Konsèvasyon Moniman ak Sit Istorik yo, ki te fonde an 1972 pa menm achitèk la. [[Pak nasyonal istorik - Sitadèl, Sansousi, Ramye|Pak Istorik Nasyonal la - Sitadèl, Sans-Souci, Ramiers]] se youn nan prensipal pwojè ISPAN ap jere yo. Klase kòm yon [[Patrimwàn mond lan|sit Patrimwàn Mondyal]] pa [[INESKO|UNESCO]] an 1982, sit la ak moniman li yo kouvri yon sifas {{Unité|25|km|2}} , sou kòt nò zile a, toupre [[Kap Ayisyen (komin)|Kap-Ayisyen]] . == Referans == jvs1sztl1rxiu1vm42qscg4xshn7j8n 889139 889138 2026-10-23T03:21:49Z Chersie06 28851 /* Prezantasyon */ 889139 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enstiti pou Pwoteksyon Patrimwàn Nasyonal''' la ( '''ISPAN''' ) se yon òganizasyon piblik [[Ayiti|Repiblik Dayiti]] ki te kreye pa yon dekrè gouvènman an nan 28 mas 1979 . == Istwa == Kreyasyon ISPAN te inisye pa achitèk [[Albert Mangonès]] la epi li konsolide aktivite ansyen "Sèvis pou Konsèvasyon Moniman ak Sit Istorik" la, ki te fonde an 1972 pa achitèk Albert Mangonès la.<ref name="IPIMH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipimh.ulaval.ca/nouvelle.php?id=30|title=Les BULLETINS DE L'ISPAN|date=|website=Inventaire du patrimoine immatériel d'Haïti|access-date=2 novembre 2016}}</ref> === Misyon yo === ISPAN, yon òganis teknik otonòm leta Ayisyen an, gen pou misyon. * pou fè yon envantè ak yon klasifikasyon eleman konkrè ki fè pati patrimwàn nasyonal la ; * pou fè etid jeneral ak detaye sou pwojè restorasyon ak amelyorasyon pou moniman ak sit istorik yo ; pou asire direksyon ak kontwòl ekzekisyon pwojè sa yo ; * pou ede nan pwomosyon ak devlopman aktivite piblik oswa prive ki vize pwoteje patrimwàn nasyonal la ; * pou gaye tout enfòmasyon ak dokiman ki gen rapò ak patrimwàn achitekti ak moniman nasyonal ak entènasyonal. == Prezantasyon == Enspire an gwo pati pa achitèk [[Albert Mangonès]] la, kreyasyon ISPAN an pwolonje epi konsolide aktivite Sèvis pou Konsèvasyon Moniman ak Sit Istorik yo, ki te fonde an 1972 pa menm achitèk la. [[Pak nasyonal istorik - Sitadèl, Sansousi, Ramye|Pak Istorik Nasyonal la - Sitadèl, Sans-Souci, Ramiers]] se youn nan prensipal pwojè ISPAN ap jere yo. Klase kòm yon [[Patrimwàn mond lan|sit Patrimwàn Mondyal]] pa [[INESKO|UNESCO]] an 1982, sit la ak moniman li yo kouvri yon sifas {{Unité|25|km|2}} , sou kòt nò zile a, toupre [[Kap Ayisyen (komin)|Kap-Ayisyen]] . Konsekans [[Tranblemanntè 12 janvye 2010 nan peyi Ayiti|tranblemanntè janvye 2010]] la poze yon gwo defi pou lavni patrimwàn moniman ak istorik Ayiti a. Anplis gwo domaj imen, sosyal ak ekonomik li yo, katastwòf natirèl la te aksantué frajilite ansanm achitekti yo, kit se ansyen kit se kontanporen, kèk ladan yo ki gen gwo kalite. == Referans == g4788yx9zli91mvdntbru9h19lm5hyu 889178 889139 2026-10-23T06:10:45Z Kitanago 19629 889178 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enstiti pou Pwoteksyon Patrimwàn Nasyonal''' la ( '''ISPAN''' ) se yon òganizasyon piblik [[Ayiti|Repiblik Dayiti]] ki te kreye pa yon dekrè gouvènman an nan 28 mas 1979 . == Istwa == Kreyasyon ISPAN te inisye pa achitèk [[Albert Mangonès]] la epi li konsolide aktivite ansyen "Sèvis pou Konsèvasyon Moniman ak Sit Istorik" la, ki te fonde an 1972 pa achitèk Albert Mangonès la.<ref name="IPIMH">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipimh.ulaval.ca/nouvelle.php?id=30|title=Les BULLETINS DE L'ISPAN|date=|website=Inventaire du patrimoine immatériel d'Haïti|access-date=2 novembre 2016}}</ref> === Misyon yo === ISPAN, yon òganis teknik otonòm leta Ayisyen an, gen pou misyon. * pou fè yon envantè ak yon klasifikasyon eleman konkrè ki fè pati patrimwàn nasyonal la ; * pou fè etid jeneral ak detaye sou pwojè restorasyon ak amelyorasyon pou moniman ak sit istorik yo ; pou asire direksyon ak kontwòl ekzekisyon pwojè sa yo ; * pou ede nan pwomosyon ak devlopman aktivite piblik oswa prive ki vize pwoteje patrimwàn nasyonal la ; * pou gaye tout enfòmasyon ak dokiman ki gen rapò ak patrimwàn achitekti ak moniman nasyonal ak entènasyonal. == Prezantasyon == Enspire an gwo pati pa achitèk [[Albert Mangonès]] la, kreyasyon ISPAN an pwolonje epi konsolide aktivite Sèvis pou Konsèvasyon Moniman ak Sit Istorik yo, ki te fonde an 1972 pa menm achitèk la. [[Pak nasyonal istorik - Sitadèl, Sansousi, Ramye|Pak Istorik Nasyonal la - Sitadèl, Sans-Souci, Ramiers]] se youn nan prensipal pwojè ISPAN ap jere yo. Klase kòm yon [[Patrimwàn mond lan|sit Patrimwàn Mondyal]] pa [[INESKO|UNESCO]] an 1982, sit la ak moniman li yo kouvri yon sifas {{Unité|25|km|2}} , sou kòt nò zile a, toupre [[Kap Ayisyen (komin)|Kap-Ayisyen]] . Konsekans [[Tranblemanntè 12 janvye 2010 nan peyi Ayiti|tranblemanntè janvye 2010]] la poze yon gwo defi pou lavni patrimwàn moniman ak istorik Ayiti a. Anplis gwo domaj imen, sosyal ak ekonomik li yo, katastwòf natirèl la te aksantué frajilite ansanm achitekti yo, kit se ansyen kit se kontanporen, kèk ladan yo ki gen gwo kalite. == Referans == {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Patrimwàn an Ayiti]] [[Kategori:Asosyasyon oswa òganizasyon ki gen syèj sosyal an Ayiti]] [[Kategori:Asosyasyon oswa òganizasyon ki lye ak pwoteksyon patrimwàn]] [[Kategori:Òganizasyon ki fonde an 1979]] cxdqzg5tt5yclr1g0m9rig0b1hvn0h8 Ayisyen Polonè yo 0 97898 889140 2026-10-23T03:45:31Z Chersie06 28851 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240448013|Haïtiens polonais]] » 889140 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yo rele Ayisyen Polonè''' (an kreyòl Ayisyen : , colloquially ''Polòy'' an Polonè ( ''Polscy Haitańczycy'', ''Polonya w Ayiti'', ''Polacy w Ayiti'' ) pou [[Ayiti|Ayisyen]] ki gen zansèt Polonè, depi nan kòmansman 19èm syèk la ; kèk nan yo kapab tou se [[Polòy|Polonè]] ki fèt pi resamman ki te vin sitwayennte Ayisyen. Cazale, yon ti vilaj nan mòn yo apeprè 30 kilomèt de [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]], yo konsidere kòm sant prensipal kominote polonè a an Ayiti, men gen lòt vilaj polonize tou. [[Kategori:Revolisyon Ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Istwa Dayiti]] 31ahp4dqnoneso031g08ilxe4v07rzn 889141 889140 2026-10-23T03:47:03Z Chersie06 28851 889141 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yo rele Ayisyen Polonè''' (an kreyòl Ayisyen : , colloquially ''Polòy'' an Polonè ( ''Polscy Haitańczycy'', ''Polonya w Ayiti'', ''Polacy w Ayiti'' ) pou [[Ayiti|Ayisyen]] ki gen zansèt Polonè, depi nan kòmansman 19èm syèk la ; kèk nan yo kapab tou se [[Polòy|Polonè]] ki fèt pi resamman ki te vin sitwayennte Ayisyen. Cazale, yon ti vilaj nan mòn yo apeprè 30 kilomèt de [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]], yo konsidere kòm sant prensipal kominote polonè a an Ayiti, men gen lòt vilaj polonize tou. Nan Cazale ap viv desandan dezètè [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyonè polonè]] [[Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] yo,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|title=The 9th Generation of Poles… in Haiti|last=Edmunds|first=Weronika|date=2022-10-24|website=3 Seas Europe|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183919/https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|archive-date=2022-12-04|access-date=2023-04-29}}.</ref> ki te [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|voye nan koloni Sen Domeng]] pou retabli otorite metwopòl la [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|ansanm ak esklavaj la]] . Gen kèk ki te chwazi pou yo mete tèt ansanm ak esklav rebèl yo pandan [[Revolisyon ayisyen|Revolisyon Ayisyen]] an. Yo kwè anviwon 400 a 500 nan Polonè sa yo te etabli an Ayiti apre lagè a.<ref name="rypson">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yo te resevwa yon estati espesyal ''Nwa Onorè'' (legalman yo te konsidere yo kòm [[Nwa (moun)|Nwa]], malgre koulè po yo) ansanm ak sitwayènte konplè anba konstitisyon Ayisyen an nan men [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], premye lidè endepandan Ayiti a. [[Kategori:Revolisyon Ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Istwa Dayiti]] mvsfki9dn5wq6t2nne5wtcod1ms5ut1 889142 889141 2026-10-23T03:48:03Z Chersie06 28851 889142 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yo rele Ayisyen Polonè''' (an kreyòl Ayisyen : , colloquially ''Polòy'' an Polonè ( ''Polscy Haitańczycy'', ''Polonya w Ayiti'', ''Polacy w Ayiti'' ) pou [[Ayiti|Ayisyen]] ki gen zansèt Polonè, depi nan kòmansman 19èm syèk la ; kèk nan yo kapab tou se [[Polòy|Polonè]] ki fèt pi resamman ki te vin sitwayennte Ayisyen. Cazale, yon ti vilaj nan mòn yo apeprè 30 kilomèt de [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]], yo konsidere kòm sant prensipal kominote polonè a an Ayiti, men gen lòt vilaj polonize tou. Nan Cazale ap viv desandan dezètè [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyonè polonè]] [[Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] yo,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|title=The 9th Generation of Poles… in Haiti|last=Edmunds|first=Weronika|date=2022-10-24|website=3 Seas Europe|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183919/https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|archive-date=2022-12-04|access-date=2023-04-29}}.</ref> ki te [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|voye nan koloni Sen Domeng]] pou retabli otorite metwopòl la [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|ansanm ak esklavaj la]] . Gen kèk ki te chwazi pou yo mete tèt ansanm ak esklav rebèl yo pandan [[Revolisyon ayisyen|Revolisyon Ayisyen]] an. Yo kwè anviwon 400 a 500 nan Polonè sa yo te etabli an Ayiti apre lagè a.<ref name="rypson">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yo te resevwa yon estati espesyal ''Nwa Onorè'' (legalman yo te konsidere yo kòm [[Nwa (moun)|Nwa]], malgre koulè po yo) ansanm ak sitwayènte konplè anba konstitisyon Ayisyen an nan men [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], premye lidè endepandan Ayiti a. == Istwa == An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo. [[Kategori:Revolisyon Ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Istwa Dayiti]] nm4pvy2a51c7r0svqjzg21mcmfug4no 889143 889142 2026-10-23T03:48:35Z Chersie06 28851 889143 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yo rele Ayisyen Polonè''' (an kreyòl Ayisyen : , colloquially ''Polòy'' an Polonè ( ''Polscy Haitańczycy'', ''Polonya w Ayiti'', ''Polacy w Ayiti'' ) pou [[Ayiti|Ayisyen]] ki gen zansèt Polonè, depi nan kòmansman 19èm syèk la ; kèk nan yo kapab tou se [[Polòy|Polonè]] ki fèt pi resamman ki te vin sitwayennte Ayisyen. Cazale, yon ti vilaj nan mòn yo apeprè 30 kilomèt de [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]], yo konsidere kòm sant prensipal kominote polonè a an Ayiti, men gen lòt vilaj polonize tou. Nan Cazale ap viv desandan dezètè [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyonè polonè]] [[Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] yo,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|title=The 9th Generation of Poles… in Haiti|last=Edmunds|first=Weronika|date=2022-10-24|website=3 Seas Europe|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183919/https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|archive-date=2022-12-04|access-date=2023-04-29}}.</ref> ki te [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|voye nan koloni Sen Domeng]] pou retabli otorite metwopòl la [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|ansanm ak esklavaj la]] . Gen kèk ki te chwazi pou yo mete tèt ansanm ak esklav rebèl yo pandan [[Revolisyon ayisyen|Revolisyon Ayisyen]] an. Yo kwè anviwon 400 a 500 nan Polonè sa yo te etabli an Ayiti apre lagè a.<ref name="rypson">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yo te resevwa yon estati espesyal ''Nwa Onorè'' (legalman yo te konsidere yo kòm [[Nwa (moun)|Nwa]], malgre koulè po yo) ansanm ak sitwayènte konplè anba konstitisyon Ayisyen an nan men [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], premye lidè endepandan Ayiti a. == Istwa == An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo. == Referans == [[Kategori:Revolisyon Ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Istwa Dayiti]] hd154343q0b4dx0zeg2kakhsri87go4 889144 889143 2026-10-23T03:51:52Z Chersie06 28851 /* Istwa */ 889144 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yo rele Ayisyen Polonè''' (an kreyòl Ayisyen : , colloquially ''Polòy'' an Polonè ( ''Polscy Haitańczycy'', ''Polonya w Ayiti'', ''Polacy w Ayiti'' ) pou [[Ayiti|Ayisyen]] ki gen zansèt Polonè, depi nan kòmansman 19èm syèk la ; kèk nan yo kapab tou se [[Polòy|Polonè]] ki fèt pi resamman ki te vin sitwayennte Ayisyen. Cazale, yon ti vilaj nan mòn yo apeprè 30 kilomèt de [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]], yo konsidere kòm sant prensipal kominote polonè a an Ayiti, men gen lòt vilaj polonize tou. Nan Cazale ap viv desandan dezètè [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyonè polonè]] [[Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] yo,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|title=The 9th Generation of Poles… in Haiti|last=Edmunds|first=Weronika|date=2022-10-24|website=3 Seas Europe|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183919/https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|archive-date=2022-12-04|access-date=2023-04-29}}.</ref> ki te [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|voye nan koloni Sen Domeng]] pou retabli otorite metwopòl la [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|ansanm ak esklavaj la]] . Gen kèk ki te chwazi pou yo mete tèt ansanm ak esklav rebèl yo pandan [[Revolisyon ayisyen|Revolisyon Ayisyen]] an. Yo kwè anviwon 400 a 500 nan Polonè sa yo te etabli an Ayiti apre lagè a.<ref name="rypson">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yo te resevwa yon estati espesyal ''Nwa Onorè'' (legalman yo te konsidere yo kòm [[Nwa (moun)|Nwa]], malgre koulè po yo) ansanm ak sitwayènte konplè anba konstitisyon Ayisyen an nan men [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], premye lidè endepandan Ayiti a. == Istwa == An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo. An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry2">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo.An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry2" /> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo. == Referans == [[Kategori:Revolisyon Ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Istwa Dayiti]] mu1ew7sfvbi5wgwmmevczuj6t24mib3 889145 889144 2026-10-23T03:56:53Z Chersie06 28851 /* Istwa */ 889145 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yo rele Ayisyen Polonè''' (an kreyòl Ayisyen : , colloquially ''Polòy'' an Polonè ( ''Polscy Haitańczycy'', ''Polonya w Ayiti'', ''Polacy w Ayiti'' ) pou [[Ayiti|Ayisyen]] ki gen zansèt Polonè, depi nan kòmansman 19èm syèk la ; kèk nan yo kapab tou se [[Polòy|Polonè]] ki fèt pi resamman ki te vin sitwayennte Ayisyen. Cazale, yon ti vilaj nan mòn yo apeprè 30 kilomèt de [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]], yo konsidere kòm sant prensipal kominote polonè a an Ayiti, men gen lòt vilaj polonize tou. Nan Cazale ap viv desandan dezètè [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyonè polonè]] [[Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] yo,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|title=The 9th Generation of Poles… in Haiti|last=Edmunds|first=Weronika|date=2022-10-24|website=3 Seas Europe|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183919/https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|archive-date=2022-12-04|access-date=2023-04-29}}.</ref> ki te [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|voye nan koloni Sen Domeng]] pou retabli otorite metwopòl la [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|ansanm ak esklavaj la]] . Gen kèk ki te chwazi pou yo mete tèt ansanm ak esklav rebèl yo pandan [[Revolisyon ayisyen|Revolisyon Ayisyen]] an. Yo kwè anviwon 400 a 500 nan Polonè sa yo te etabli an Ayiti apre lagè a.<ref name="rypson">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yo te resevwa yon estati espesyal ''Nwa Onorè'' (legalman yo te konsidere yo kòm [[Nwa (moun)|Nwa]], malgre koulè po yo) ansanm ak sitwayènte konplè anba konstitisyon Ayisyen an nan men [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], premye lidè endepandan Ayiti a. == Istwa == An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo. An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry2">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo.An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry2" /> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo. Plizyè santèn lejyonè polonè pral chwazi tou pou dezète pou sipòte esklav rebèl yo. Apre endepandans Ayiti, Ayisyen Polonè sa yo te bay [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines|Dessalines]] asistans, ki te ba yo tout sitwayènte.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Li menm dekri pèp Polonè a kòm " nèg blan an Ewòp ", ki te konsidere kòm yon gwo onè lè sa a, ki siyifi fratènite ant Polonè ak Ayisyen. [[Cazale]] vin tounen yon sant nan kominote yo a. == Referans == [[Kategori:Revolisyon Ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Istwa Dayiti]] m8n5jyuhou4tov5lkwfxqmzlhl9k26m 889146 889145 2026-10-23T03:58:39Z Chersie06 28851 /* Istwa */ 889146 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yo rele Ayisyen Polonè''' (an kreyòl Ayisyen : , colloquially ''Polòy'' an Polonè ( ''Polscy Haitańczycy'', ''Polonya w Ayiti'', ''Polacy w Ayiti'' ) pou [[Ayiti|Ayisyen]] ki gen zansèt Polonè, depi nan kòmansman 19èm syèk la ; kèk nan yo kapab tou se [[Polòy|Polonè]] ki fèt pi resamman ki te vin sitwayennte Ayisyen. Cazale, yon ti vilaj nan mòn yo apeprè 30 kilomèt de [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]], yo konsidere kòm sant prensipal kominote polonè a an Ayiti, men gen lòt vilaj polonize tou. Nan Cazale ap viv desandan dezètè [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyonè polonè]] [[Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] yo,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|title=The 9th Generation of Poles… in Haiti|last=Edmunds|first=Weronika|date=2022-10-24|website=3 Seas Europe|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183919/https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|archive-date=2022-12-04|access-date=2023-04-29}}.</ref> ki te [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|voye nan koloni Sen Domeng]] pou retabli otorite metwopòl la [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|ansanm ak esklavaj la]] . Gen kèk ki te chwazi pou yo mete tèt ansanm ak esklav rebèl yo pandan [[Revolisyon ayisyen|Revolisyon Ayisyen]] an. Yo kwè anviwon 400 a 500 nan Polonè sa yo te etabli an Ayiti apre lagè a.<ref name="rypson">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yo te resevwa yon estati espesyal ''Nwa Onorè'' (legalman yo te konsidere yo kòm [[Nwa (moun)|Nwa]], malgre koulè po yo) ansanm ak sitwayènte konplè anba konstitisyon Ayisyen an nan men [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], premye lidè endepandan Ayiti a. == Istwa == An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo. An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry2">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo.An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry2" /> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo. Plizyè santèn lejyonè polonè pral chwazi tou pou dezète pou sipòte esklav rebèl yo. Apre endepandans Ayiti, Ayisyen Polonè sa yo te bay [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines|Dessalines]] asistans, ki te ba yo tout sitwayènte.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Li menm dekri pèp Polonè a kòm " nèg blan an Ewòp ", ki te konsidere kòm yon gwo onè lè sa a, ki siyifi fratènite ant Polonè ak Ayisyen. [[Cazale]] vin tounen yon sant nan kominote yo a. Apeprè 160 ane apre, nan mitan XX syèk la, [[François Duvalier]], prezidan Ayiti a ki te konnen pou opinyon [[Nationalisme noir|nasyonalis nwa]] ak [[Panafricanisme|pan-afriken]] li yo, te reitilize menm konsèp " Nèg Blan an Ewòp "pou fè referans ak pèp Polonè a epi glorifye patriyotis yo,<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref>" == Referans == [[Kategori:Revolisyon Ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Istwa Dayiti]] 0b97u8ivz64wriot1ki79d5td6hxik7 889147 889146 2026-10-23T03:59:09Z Chersie06 28851 /* Istwa */ 889147 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yo rele Ayisyen Polonè''' (an kreyòl Ayisyen : , colloquially ''Polòy'' an Polonè ( ''Polscy Haitańczycy'', ''Polonya w Ayiti'', ''Polacy w Ayiti'' ) pou [[Ayiti|Ayisyen]] ki gen zansèt Polonè, depi nan kòmansman 19èm syèk la ; kèk nan yo kapab tou se [[Polòy|Polonè]] ki fèt pi resamman ki te vin sitwayennte Ayisyen. Cazale, yon ti vilaj nan mòn yo apeprè 30 kilomèt de [[Pòtoprens (komin)|Pòtoprens]], yo konsidere kòm sant prensipal kominote polonè a an Ayiti, men gen lòt vilaj polonize tou. Nan Cazale ap viv desandan dezètè [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyonè polonè]] [[Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] yo,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|title=The 9th Generation of Poles… in Haiti|last=Edmunds|first=Weronika|date=2022-10-24|website=3 Seas Europe|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204183919/https://3seaseurope.com/poles-in-haiti/|archive-date=2022-12-04|access-date=2023-04-29}}.</ref> ki te [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|voye nan koloni Sen Domeng]] pou retabli otorite metwopòl la [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|ansanm ak esklavaj la]] . Gen kèk ki te chwazi pou yo mete tèt ansanm ak esklav rebèl yo pandan [[Revolisyon ayisyen|Revolisyon Ayisyen]] an. Yo kwè anviwon 400 a 500 nan Polonè sa yo te etabli an Ayiti apre lagè a.<ref name="rypson">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yo te resevwa yon estati espesyal ''Nwa Onorè'' (legalman yo te konsidere yo kòm [[Nwa (moun)|Nwa]], malgre koulè po yo) ansanm ak sitwayènte konplè anba konstitisyon Ayisyen an nan men [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], premye lidè endepandan Ayiti a. == Istwa == An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo. An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry2">{{Cite book}}</ref> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo.An 1802, Napoleon te voye yon [[Légions polonaises (armée française)|lejyon polonè]] ki te gen anviwon {{Unité|5200 hommes}} pou rantre nan [[Ekspedisyon nan Sen Domeng|fòs franse yo]] nan koloni [[Saint-Domingue|Sen Domeng]] pou siprime [[Revolisyon ayisyen|rebelyon esklav Ayisyen yo]] epi [[Rétablissement de l'esclavage par Napoléon Bonaparte|retabli esklavaj la]] . Polonè yo te espere resevwa an retou sipò Lafrans pou retabli endepandans Polòy, [[Partages de la Pologne|ki te efase sou kat jeyografik la]] an 1795.<ref name="Perry2" /> Yon fwa yo rive la, sòlda Polonè yo aprann ke Fransè yo ap eseye siprime yon soulèvman Afriken esklav k ap goumen pou libète yo kont mèt blan yo. Plizyè santèn lejyonè polonè pral chwazi tou pou dezète pou sipòte esklav rebèl yo. Apre endepandans Ayiti, Ayisyen Polonè sa yo te bay [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines|Dessalines]] asistans, ki te ba yo tout sitwayènte.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Li menm dekri pèp Polonè a kòm " nèg blan an Ewòp ", ki te konsidere kòm yon gwo onè lè sa a, ki siyifi fratènite ant Polonè ak Ayisyen. [[Cazale]] vin tounen yon sant nan kominote yo a. Apeprè 160 ane apre, nan mitan XX syèk la, [[François Duvalier]], prezidan Ayiti a ki te konnen pou opinyon [[Nationalisme noir|nasyonalis nwa]] ak [[Panafricanisme|pan-afriken]] li yo, te reitilize menm konsèp " Nèg Blan an Ewòp "pou fè referans ak pèp Polonè a epi glorifye patriyotis yo,<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref>" An 1983, Pap [[Jan Pòl II]] te vizite Ayiti. Li mansyone kijan Polonè yo te kontribye nan rebelyon esklav yo ki te mennen nan endepandans Ayiti. Pou vizit sa a, de prèt [[Legliz Katolik|katolik]] te ale Cazale epi yo te mande yon kantite Ayisyen Polonè (byenke sous istorik yo pa dakò sou kantite envite yo) pou yo abiye an " [[Vêtements traditionnels|rad tradisyonèl]] » epi pou asiste diskou papal la ak seremoni ki asosye avèk li yo.<ref name="rypson2">{{Cite book}}</ref> == Referans == [[Kategori:Revolisyon Ayisyen]] [[Kategori:Istwa Dayiti]] h1iuon6dif02ws028m726618jxp1aem Modèl:Infobox Sen 10 97899 889152 2026-10-23T04:55:55Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " <includeonly>{{Infobox/Début}} {{Infobox/Titre | {{{nom|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|FFD700|defaut }} {{Infobox/Image | {{#if:{{{image|}}}|{{{image|}}}|defaut 2.svg}} | {{{légende|}}} | {{{taille image|}}} | {{{alternative|}}} |||Saint }} {{Infobox/Sous-titre optionnel | {{{titre|}}}|{{{titre|}}}|FFD700 }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |{{nobr|Date de naissance}}|{{{date de naissance|}}}|{{#invoke:Date|dateInfobox|naissance|{{{date de naissance|}}}|{{{date de décès|}}... " 889152 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Infobox/Début}} {{Infobox/Titre | {{{nom|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|FFD700|defaut }} {{Infobox/Image | {{#if:{{{image|}}}|{{{image|}}}|defaut 2.svg}} | {{{légende|}}} | {{{taille image|}}} | {{{alternative|}}} |||Saint }} {{Infobox/Sous-titre optionnel | {{{titre|}}}|{{{titre|}}}|FFD700 }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |{{nobr|Date de naissance}}|{{{date de naissance|}}}|{{#invoke:Date|dateInfobox|naissance|{{{date de naissance|}}}|{{{date de décès|}}}|qualificatif={{{qualificatif date|}}} }}{{#ifeq:{{#property:P31}}|être humain|{{#ifeq:{{#property:P569}}{{NAMESPACE}}||[[Category:P569 absent de Wikidata]]}}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |{{nobr|Lieu de naissance}}|{{{lieu de naissance|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |{{nobr|Date de décès}}|{{{date de décès|}}}|{{#invoke:Date|dateInfobox|mort|{{{date de naissance|}}}|{{{date de décès|}}}|qualificatif={{{qualificatif date|}}} }}{{#ifeq:{{#property:P31}}|être humain|{{#ifeq:{{#property:P570}}{{NAMESPACE}}||[[Category:P570 absent de Wikidata]]}}}}{{#if:{{{âge au décès|}}}|<small> ({{{âge au décès|}}} ans)</small>|}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle |{{nobr|Lieu de décès}}|{{{lieu de décès|}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Nom de naissance|{{{nom de naissance|}}}||40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Autres noms|{{{autres noms|}}}||40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Nationalité|{{{nationalité|}}}||40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Activité|{{{activité|}}}||40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Lieu d'activité|{{{lieu d'activité|}}}||40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Ordre religieux |{{wikidata|P611|{{{ordre|}}}}} }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Vénéré{{#if:{{{féminin|}}}|e}} à|{{{lieu de vénération|}}}||40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Béatification]]|{{{date de béatification|}}}|{{{date de béatification|}}}{{#if:{{{lieu de l'annonce béatification|}}}|&nbsp;{{{lieu de l'annonce béatification|}}}}}{{#if:{{{béatifié par|}}}|<br />par {{{béatifié par|}}}}}|40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Canonisation]]|{{{date de canonisation|}}}|{{{date de canonisation|}}}{{#if:{{{lieu de l'annonce canonisation|}}}| &nbsp;{{{lieu de l'annonce canonisation|}}}}}{{#if:{{{canonisé par|}}}|<br />par {{{canonisé par|}}}}}|40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Docteur de l'Église |{{{date docteur église|}}}|{{{date docteur église|}}}{{#if:{{{lieu de l'annonce docteur|}}}| &nbsp;{{{lieu de l'annonce docteur|}}}}}{{#if:{{{docteur église par|}}}|<br />par {{{docteur église par|}}}}}{{#if:{{{docteur mention|}}}|<br />Déclaré{{#if:{{{féminin|}}}|e}} {{{docteur mention|}}}}}|40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Vénéré{{#if:{{{féminin|}}}|e}} par|{{{vénéré par|}}}||40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Fête|{{{fête|}}}||40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | [[Attributs des saints|Attributs]]|{{{attributs|}}}||40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | {{#if: {{{titre saint patron|}}}|{{{titre saint patron}}}|[[Saint patron|Saint{{#if:{{{féminin|}}}|e}} patron{{#if:{{{féminin|}}}|ne}}]]}}|{{{saint patron|}}}||40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Sujets controversés|{{{problème|}}}||40| }} {{Infobox/Ligne mixte optionnelle | Suppression du culte|{{{date de suppression|}}}|{{{date de suppression|}}}{{#if:{{{suppression par|}}}|&nbsp;par {{{suppression par|}}}}}|40| }} {{Infobox/Séparateur optionnel|{{{blason|}}} }} {{Infobox/Image optionnelle|{{{blason|}}}|{{{blason|}}}||{{#if:{{{taille blason|}}}|{{{taille blason}}}|100}}|Blason de {{{nom|{{PAGENAME}}}}}.}} {{Infobox/Notice|Infobox Saint|FFD700}} {{Infobox/Fin}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 0oj7fw3dn5ynzlw7qvsu570yqfzm900 Modèl:Circa 10 97900 889154 2026-10-23T05:08:33Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " <includeonly>{{#if:{{{sortable|}}} |<span style="display:none;">{{{1|}}}</span> }}{{#switch:{{{lk|}}} |no|off = ''c.'' |yes|on = ''[[Circa|c.]]'' |abbr |#default = ''<abbr class="abbr" title="circa (environ / aux environs de)" lang="la">c.</abbr>'' }}{{#if:{{{1|}}} |<span class="nowrap">&thinsp;{{{1}}}</span> }}{{#if:{{{2|}}} |&nbsp;– ''<abbr class="abbr" title="circa" lang="la">c.</abbr>''<span class="nowrap">&thinsp;{{{2}}}</span> }}</includeonly><noinclud... " 889154 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{sortable|}}} |<span style="display:none;">{{{1|}}}</span> }}{{#switch:{{{lk|}}} |no|off = ''c.'' |yes|on = ''[[Circa|c.]]'' |abbr |#default = ''<abbr class="abbr" title="circa (environ / aux environs de)" lang="la">c.</abbr>'' }}{{#if:{{{1|}}} |<span class="nowrap">&thinsp;{{{1}}}</span> }}{{#if:{{{2|}}} |&nbsp;– ''<abbr class="abbr" title="circa" lang="la">c.</abbr>''<span class="nowrap">&thinsp;{{{2}}}</span> }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 2adjtleq4mpo3cm97fdd72cmx3xrbfr 889155 889154 2026-10-23T05:09:02Z Kitanago 19629 889155 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{sortable|}}} |<span style="display:none;">{{{1|}}}</span> }}{{#switch:{{{lk|}}} |no|off = ''c.'' |yes|on = ''[[Circa|c.]]'' |abbr |#default = ''<abbr class="abbr" title="circa (anviwon / alantou)" lang="la">c.</abbr>'' }}{{#if:{{{1|}}} |<span class="nowrap">&thinsp;{{{1}}}</span> }}{{#if:{{{2|}}} |&nbsp;– ''<abbr class="abbr" title="circa" lang="la">c.</abbr>''<span class="nowrap">&thinsp;{{{2}}}</span> }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 6we6apxmj90q5mfjp7qyngyuc0m62nw Modèl:Snd 10 97901 889156 2026-10-23T05:11:52Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " &nbsp;&ndash;&#32;<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> " 889156 wikitext text/x-wiki &nbsp;&ndash;&#32;<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 0feq7o9xxoz80sh11p3y49wccssw60c Modèl:Langx 10 97902 889157 2026-10-23T05:14:27Z Kitanago 19629 Redireksyon sou [[Modèle:Langue avec nom]] 889157 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Modèle:Langue avec nom]] 6t2v64h6duzhpwr7x5wlsg9mo9gt9a6 889158 889157 2026-10-23T05:14:48Z Kitanago 19629 Destination de redirection modifiée de [[Modèle:Langue avec nom]] en [[Modèl:Langue avec nom]] 889158 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Modèl:Langue avec nom]] 2u1956u0lrz7acqbnirbarwmdv2wclh 889159 889158 2026-10-23T05:15:01Z Kitanago 19629 Destination de redirection modifiée de [[Modèl:Langue avec nom]] en [[Modèl:Lang avèk non]] 889159 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Modèl:Lang avèk non]] av7u7c9in6rta1rk2l8e2i4t0u4xl1k Modèl:Transl 10 97903 889160 2026-10-23T05:21:18Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " <span lang="{{{1}}}-Latn" xml:lang="{{{1}}}-Latn" title={{ #if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{{2}}} |ISO = {{#switch: {{{1}}} |ba |be |bg |uk |ab |mn |kk |ky |tut |bua |sah |xal |ru |Cyrl = "Cyrillique ISO 9" |fa |ur |ku |ps |tg |ug |ar |Arab = "Arab ISO 233" |yi |he |Hebr = "Ebre ISO 259" |grc |el = "Grèk ISO 843" |ja |Hira |Kana |Hrkt |Jpan = "Japonè ISO 3602" |pny |zho |chi |zh |Hans |Hant |Han = "Chinwa ISO 7098" |kat |ka =... " 889160 wikitext text/x-wiki <span lang="{{{1}}}-Latn" xml:lang="{{{1}}}-Latn" title={{ #if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{{2}}} |ISO = {{#switch: {{{1}}} |ba |be |bg |uk |ab |mn |kk |ky |tut |bua |sah |xal |ru |Cyrl = "Cyrillique ISO 9" |fa |ur |ku |ps |tg |ug |ar |Arab = "Arab ISO 233" |yi |he |Hebr = "Ebre ISO 259" |grc |el = "Grèk ISO 843" |ja |Hira |Kana |Hrkt |Jpan = "Japonè ISO 3602" |pny |zho |chi |zh |Hans |Hant |Han = "Chinwa ISO 7098" |kat |ka = "Jewòjyen ISO 9984" |arm |hy = "Armenyen ISO 9985" |tha |th = "Tayi ISO 11940" |kor |ko = "koreyen ISO 11941" |sa |hi |bn |te |mr |gu |kn |ml |ta |dra |inc |Brah |Beng |Deva = "Endyen 15919" |#default = "Transliterasyon ISO" }} |DIN = {{#switch: {{{1}}} |fa |ur |ku |ps |tg |ug |ar |Arab = "Arab DIN 31635" |#default = "Transliterasyon DIN" }} |IAST = "''International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration''" |#default = "Translittération {{{1}}} {{{2}}}" }} |{{#switch: {{{1}}} |akk |sem |Phnx = "Translittération sémitique" |Xsux = "Translittération cunéiforme" |#default = "translittération depuis {{Nom langue|{{{1}}}}}" }} }} class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">{{{3|{{{2}}}}}}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> m88etvstlfl71opyevr73e63g0t0rhc 889161 889160 2026-10-23T05:21:50Z Kitanago 19629 889161 wikitext text/x-wiki <span lang="{{{1}}}-Latn" xml:lang="{{{1}}}-Latn" title={{ #if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{{2}}} |ISO = {{#switch: {{{1}}} |ba |be |bg |uk |ab |mn |kk |ky |tut |bua |sah |xal |ru |Cyrl = "Sirilik ISO 9" |fa |ur |ku |ps |tg |ug |ar |Arab = "Arab ISO 233" |yi |he |Hebr = "Ebre ISO 259" |grc |el = "Grèk ISO 843" |ja |Hira |Kana |Hrkt |Jpan = "Japonè ISO 3602" |pny |zho |chi |zh |Hans |Hant |Han = "Chinwa ISO 7098" |kat |ka = "Jewòjyen ISO 9984" |arm |hy = "Armenyen ISO 9985" |tha |th = "Tayi ISO 11940" |kor |ko = "koreyen ISO 11941" |sa |hi |bn |te |mr |gu |kn |ml |ta |dra |inc |Brah |Beng |Deva = "Endyen 15919" |#default = "Transliterasyon ISO" }} |DIN = {{#switch: {{{1}}} |fa |ur |ku |ps |tg |ug |ar |Arab = "Arab DIN 31635" |#default = "Transliterasyon DIN" }} |IAST = "''International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration''" |#default = "Translittération {{{1}}} {{{2}}}" }} |{{#switch: {{{1}}} |akk |sem |Phnx = "Translittération sémitique" |Xsux = "Translittération cunéiforme" |#default = "translittération depuis {{Nom langue|{{{1}}}}}" }} }} class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">{{{3|{{{2}}}}}}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> i5318k4rppcnfoo83vnqlt5azyd8sid Modèl:Transliteration 10 97904 889162 2026-10-23T05:22:28Z Kitanago 19629 Redireksyon sou [[Modèl:Transl]] 889162 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect[[Modèl:Transl]] 4l3krm6sa9ess6eb0lpwreuo5gcckjw Modèl:Tlit 10 97905 889163 2026-10-23T05:24:49Z Kitanago 19629 Redireksyon sou [[Modèl:Transl]] 889163 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect[[Modèl:Transl]] 4l3krm6sa9ess6eb0lpwreuo5gcckjw Modèl:Bibleverse 10 97906 889165 2026-10-23T05:36:13Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " <includeonly>{{Lien web |langue= |titre={{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}&nbsp;}}{{{2}}} {{{3}}} |description= |url=http://tools.wmflabs.org/bibleversefinder/?book={{{1|}}}%20{{{2}}}&verse={{{3}}}&src={{{4|2}}} |date= |site= |consulté le=}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation de source}} [[Kategori:Modèl sous]] [[Kategori:Modèl lyen]] </noinclude> " 889165 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Lien web |langue= |titre={{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}&nbsp;}}{{{2}}} {{{3}}} |description= |url=http://tools.wmflabs.org/bibleversefinder/?book={{{1|}}}%20{{{2}}}&verse={{{3}}}&src={{{4|2}}} |date= |site= |consulté le=}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation de source}} [[Kategori:Modèl sous]] [[Kategori:Modèl lyen]] </noinclude> 72utb1b4skycenpooj5i66t8z9zgu1i Modèl:Cite encyclopedia 10 97907 889166 2026-10-23T05:38:21Z Kitanago 19629 Redireksyon sou [[Modèl:Atik ansiklopedik]] 889166 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect[[Modèl:Atik ansiklopedik]] {{Redireksyon modèl}} jfzmql7d1sg88rzxpai6lr51hlt4vay Modèl:Module biblio/responsabilité principale/responsable 10 97908 889167 2026-10-23T05:39:59Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " <includeonly><!-- -->{{ #if:{{{nom|}}} | {{ #if:{{{lien|}}} |[[{{{lien|}}}|{{ #if:{{{prénom|}}} |{{{prénom|}}}{{espace}}<!-- -->}}{{{nom|}}}]]<!-- -->| {{ #if:{{{prénom|}}} |{{{prénom|}}}{{espace}}}}{{{nom|}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{ #if:{{{directeur|}}}{{{responsabilité|}}} |{{espace}}({{ #if:{{{directeur|}}}... " 889167 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{ #if:{{{nom|}}} | {{ #if:{{{lien|}}} |[[{{{lien|}}}|{{ #if:{{{prénom|}}} |{{{prénom|}}}{{espace}}<!-- -->}}{{{nom|}}}]]<!-- -->| {{ #if:{{{prénom|}}} |{{{prénom|}}}{{espace}}}}{{{nom|}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{ #if:{{{directeur|}}}{{{responsabilité|}}} |{{espace}}({{ #if:{{{directeur|}}} |{{abréviation discrète|dir.|directeur de publication}}<!-- -->{{ #if:{{{responsabilité|}}} |{{espace}}et{{espace}}<!-- -->}} }}<!-- -->{{ #if:{{{responsabilité|}}} |{{{responsabilité}}}<!-- -->}})<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude><!-- Pour limiter le nombre de changements de cette page merci de placer les métadonnées (catégories, interwikis) concernant ce modèle dans une section <includeonly> de sa sous-page de documentation, plutôt qu'ici. -->{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 3zhu4f3yjz54fies1pkgf2m2kkhtfq9 Jacqueline Leonard 0 97909 889183 2026-10-23T09:46:04Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}} e6kz3xmgmdro1xlqgl7vhiuetxg70ly 889184 889183 2026-10-23T09:50:58Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. tm3lpfa1hbwlu8z9pto7vatsuvsg8a5 889185 889184 2026-10-23T09:51:19Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == oxd1tckxlkye4j01mobqzv3x7f62v1d 889186 889185 2026-10-23T10:03:08Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. bgy94boi14f43in822m161dbqyxxksn 889187 889186 2026-10-23T10:03:37Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == jiax2f1puo1bkf42blrre5woattd5fq 889188 889187 2026-10-23T10:14:11Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == Jacqueline Léonard te vin manm sendika CGT a nan lane 1964 apresa li te vin okipe yon pòs kòm reprezantan anplwaye nan lane 1971. Pandan peryòd sa, manm sendika yo t ap chèche fanm nan mouvman an ki pou fè pati kad yo. Sa te pèmèt yo te akeyil byen rapid nan sekretarya sendika depatmantal Oise la nan lane 1973. Na menm epòk sa a, li te resevwa fòmasyon nan men yon seri militan ki gen anpil eksperyans nan domèn nan tankou [[Jean Pitkevicht]] ak [[Francis Pen]], e li te vin pwòch yo tou. sa te ede l vin okipe pozisyon sekretè jeneral sendika depatmantal Oise la an 1980.<ref name=":2" />. 75dbjypqw0wxyass35tmvwhob2cmv9q 889189 889188 2026-10-23T10:17:37Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == Jacqueline Léonard te vin manm sendika CGT a nan lane 1964 apresa li te vin okipe yon pòs kòm reprezantan anplwaye nan lane 1971. Pandan peryòd sa, manm sendika yo t ap chèche fanm nan mouvman an ki pou fè pati kad yo. Sa te pèmèt yo te akeyil byen rapid nan sekretarya sendika depatmantal Oise la nan lane 1973. Na menm epòk sa a, li te resevwa fòmasyon nan men yon seri militan ki gen anpil eksperyans nan domèn nan tankou [[Jean Pitkevicht]] ak [[Francis Pen]], e li te vin pwòch yo tou. sa te ede l vin okipe pozisyon sekretè jeneral sendika depatmantal Oise la an 1980.<ref name=":2" />. Nan menm peryòd sa tou, li te rive enplike l epi patisipe nan aktivite [[:fr:Parti_communiste_français|Parti communiste français (PCF)]] a kòm youn nan nouvo manm komite federal la. === Sekretarya responsab pwoblèm fanm yo (1982-1989) === tkvyqiugho6gn0zhtk814xfjzq9xsii 889190 889189 2026-10-23T10:18:31Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == Jacqueline Léonard te vin manm sendika CGT a nan lane 1964 apresa li te vin okipe yon pòs kòm reprezantan anplwaye nan lane 1971. Pandan peryòd sa, manm sendika yo t ap chèche fanm nan mouvman an ki pou fè pati kad yo. Sa te pèmèt yo te akeyil byen rapid nan sekretarya sendika depatmantal Oise la nan lane 1973. Na menm epòk sa a, li te resevwa fòmasyon nan men yon seri militan ki gen anpil eksperyans nan domèn nan tankou [[Jean Pitkevicht]] ak [[Francis Pen]], e li te vin pwòch yo tou. sa te ede l vin okipe pozisyon sekretè jeneral sendika depatmantal Oise la an 1980.<ref name=":2" />. Nan menm peryòd sa tou, li te rive enplike l epi patisipe nan aktivite [[:fr:Parti_communiste_français|Parti communiste français (PCF)]] a kòm youn nan nouvo manm komite federal la. === Sekretarya ki responsab kòz fanm yo (1982-1989) === gecjpqsk715iwk5mudy8yf52g7hzf74 889191 889190 2026-10-23T10:28:19Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == Jacqueline Léonard te vin manm sendika CGT a nan lane 1964 apresa li te vin okipe yon pòs kòm reprezantan anplwaye nan lane 1971. Pandan peryòd sa, manm sendika yo t ap chèche fanm nan mouvman an ki pou fè pati kad yo. Sa te pèmèt yo te akeyil byen rapid nan sekretarya sendika depatmantal Oise la nan lane 1973. Na menm epòk sa a, li te resevwa fòmasyon nan men yon seri militan ki gen anpil eksperyans nan domèn nan tankou [[Jean Pitkevicht]] ak [[Francis Pen]], e li te vin pwòch yo tou. sa te ede l vin okipe pozisyon sekretè jeneral sendika depatmantal Oise la an 1980.<ref name=":2" />. Nan menm peryòd sa tou, li te rive enplike l epi patisipe nan aktivite [[:fr:Parti_communiste_français|Parti communiste français (PCF)]] a kòm youn nan nouvo manm komite federal la. === Sekretarya ki responsab kòz fanm yo (1982-1989) === Nan lane 1982, Jacqueline Léonard te vin ranplase Christiane Gilles nan biwo konfederal la nan pozisyon sekretè responsab kòz fanm yo. Depi le li entegre biwo konfederasyon an magazin <nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Antoinette</i></nowiki> la te vin pèdi nan popilarite l, editè an chèf li a vin pedi pozisyon li pou move konduit grav, epi sa te vin lakoz tou sekretè depatmantal Rhône nan, Georgette Vacher , touye tèt li. Daprè jounal ''Le Monde'', bès nan lavant ''Antoinette'' a te vin rive akoz gwo pwoblèm ekonomik nan epòk la. Militan vin pa genyen mwayen pou achte nouvo nimewo nan magazin nan, sa lakoz abonman vin bese epi faktori yo kòmanse fèmen. Rive nan lane 1982, nlavant lan te vin bese a {{Unité|50000}} kopi, konpare ak {{Unité|80000}} nan ane anvan yo. An 1986, [[Dominique Lacan]], yon jounalis nan ''jounal Antoinette'', ak Jacqueline Léonard te viktim yon pwosè pou difamasyon apre yo te pibliye temwayaj sou [[Vyolans seksyèl|chantaj seksyèl]] ant de anplwaye La Poste nan Bourg-la-Reine . CGT a ap defann ka anplwaye ki te temwaye a epi ki, tankou anpil lòt fanm, sibi presyon seksyèl nan travay. Jacqueline Léonard ak lòt manm CGT yo sèvi ak pwosè a pou mete aksan sou nati rekiran fenomèn nan epi pou egzije pou yo rekonèt chantaj seksyèl kòm yon krim. kcem8oxhx68fu7q71vzs7404e1qesxm 889192 889191 2026-10-23T10:36:52Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == Jacqueline Léonard te vin manm sendika CGT a nan lane 1964 apresa li te vin okipe yon pòs kòm reprezantan anplwaye nan lane 1971. Pandan peryòd sa, manm sendika yo t ap chèche fanm nan mouvman an ki pou fè pati kad yo. Sa te pèmèt yo te akeyil byen rapid nan sekretarya sendika depatmantal Oise la nan lane 1973. Na menm epòk sa a, li te resevwa fòmasyon nan men yon seri militan ki gen anpil eksperyans nan domèn nan tankou [[Jean Pitkevicht]] ak [[Francis Pen]], e li te vin pwòch yo tou. sa te ede l vin okipe pozisyon sekretè jeneral sendika depatmantal Oise la an 1980.<ref name=":2" />. Nan menm peryòd sa tou, li te rive enplike l epi patisipe nan aktivite [[:fr:Parti_communiste_français|Parti communiste français (PCF)]] a kòm youn nan nouvo manm komite federal la. === Sekretarya ki responsab kòz fanm yo (1982-1989) === Nan lane 1982, Jacqueline Léonard te vin ranplase Christiane Gilles nan biwo konfederal la nan pozisyon sekretè responsab kòz fanm yo. Depi le li entegre biwo konfederasyon an magazin <nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Antoinette</i></nowiki> la te vin pèdi nan popilarite l, editè an chèf li a vin pedi pozisyon li pou move konduit grav, epi sa te vin lakoz tou sekretè depatmantal Rhône nan, Georgette Vacher , touye tèt li. Daprè jounal ''Le Monde'', bès nan lavant ''Antoinette'' a te vin rive akoz gwo pwoblèm ekonomik nan epòk la. Militan vin pa genyen mwayen pou achte nouvo nimewo nan magazin nan, sa lakoz abonman vin bese epi faktori yo kòmanse fèmen. Rive nan lane 1982, nlavant lan te vin bese a {{Unité|50000}} kopi, konpare ak {{Unité|80000}} nan ane anvan yo. Nan lane 1986, [[Dominique Lacan]], ki se yon jounalis ki t ap travay pou ''jounal Antoinette'', ansanm ak Jacqueline Léonard tou de te vin viktim nan kad yon pwosè pou difamasyon aprè yo te fin pibliye yon temwayaj sou [[Vyolans seksyèl|chantaj seksyèl]] ant de anplwaye nan La Poste nan Bourg-la-Reine. CGT defann anplwaye ki te temwaye a epi, tankou anpil lòt fanm, t ap sibi presyon seksyèl nan travay yo. Jacqueline Léonard ak lòt manm CGT yo sèvi ak pwosè a pou montre kijan sitiyasyon sa toujou ap repete epi mande rekonesans chantaj seksyèl kòm yon deli. Tan li te pase nan biwo konfederasyon an te lakòz fèmti ''Antoinette'' ak sektè fanm konfederasyon an. Sikonstans ki antoure desizyon sa yo boulvèse. tansyon entèn nan CGT a ak PCF a epi yon pèt antouzyasm bò kote travayèz yo. Monte [[feminis]] nan jaden politik franse a ranplase apwòch ki fèt sou kondisyon fanm yo atravè lantiy klas sosyal la. Apati 1985, lidè CGT yo te vire bò kote yon konsèp patisipasyon miks nan lit sendika yo. Jacqueline Léonard te kite sektè fanm nan lane 1989. 8dxaex81ufmhyamanf5q1rrijei2g2o 889193 889192 2026-10-23T10:50:58Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == Jacqueline Léonard te vin manm sendika CGT a nan lane 1964 apresa li te vin okipe yon pòs kòm reprezantan anplwaye nan lane 1971. Pandan peryòd sa, manm sendika yo t ap chèche fanm nan mouvman an ki pou fè pati kad yo. Sa te pèmèt yo te akeyil byen rapid nan sekretarya sendika depatmantal Oise la nan lane 1973. Na menm epòk sa a, li te resevwa fòmasyon nan men yon seri militan ki gen anpil eksperyans nan domèn nan tankou [[Jean Pitkevicht]] ak [[Francis Pen]], e li te vin pwòch yo tou. sa te ede l vin okipe pozisyon sekretè jeneral sendika depatmantal Oise la an 1980.<ref name=":2" />. Nan menm peryòd sa tou, li te rive enplike l epi patisipe nan aktivite [[:fr:Parti_communiste_français|Parti communiste français (PCF)]] a kòm youn nan nouvo manm komite federal la. === Sekretarya ki responsab kòz fanm yo (1982-1989) === Nan lane 1982, Jacqueline Léonard te vin ranplase Christiane Gilles nan biwo konfederal la nan pozisyon sekretè responsab kòz fanm yo. Depi le li entegre biwo konfederasyon an magazin <nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Antoinette</i></nowiki> la te vin pèdi nan popilarite l, editè an chèf li a vin pedi pozisyon li pou move konduit grav, epi sa te vin lakoz tou sekretè depatmantal Rhône nan, Georgette Vacher , touye tèt li. Daprè jounal ''Le Monde'', bès nan lavant ''Antoinette'' a te vin rive akoz gwo pwoblèm ekonomik nan epòk la. Militan vin pa genyen mwayen pou achte nouvo nimewo nan magazin nan, sa lakoz abonman vin bese epi faktori yo kòmanse fèmen. Rive nan lane 1982, nlavant lan te vin bese a {{Unité|50000}} kopi, konpare ak {{Unité|80000}} nan ane anvan yo. Nan lane 1986, [[Dominique Lacan]], ki se yon jounalis ki t ap travay pou ''jounal Antoinette'', ansanm ak Jacqueline Léonard tou de te vin viktim nan kad yon pwosè pou difamasyon aprè yo te fin pibliye yon temwayaj sou [[Vyolans seksyèl|chantaj seksyèl]] ant de anplwaye nan La Poste nan Bourg-la-Reine. CGT defann anplwaye ki te temwaye a epi, tankou anpil lòt fanm, t ap sibi presyon seksyèl nan travay yo. Jacqueline Léonard ak lòt manm CGT yo sèvi ak pwosè a pou montre kijan sitiyasyon sa toujou ap repete epi mande rekonesans chantaj seksyèl kòm yon deli. pandan l te nan biwo konfederasyon kom manm te lakòz jounal ''Antoinette'' vin fèmen ansam ak tout sektè fanm konfederasyon an. Rezon ki te lakoz desizyon sa yo, te provoke gwo ajitasyon. anpil konfli anndan CGT a ak PCF epi travayèz yo te vin pèdi motivasyon tou. Aparisyon mouvman [[feminis]] lan nan politik fransè apwòch ki fèt sou kondisyon fanm vin pemet yo gade kondisyon fanm nan selon yon apwòch sosyal. Apati 1985, lidè CGT yo te vin pemet yo pran an kont ni fanm ni gason nan revandikasyon sendikalis yo. Nan lane 1989. Jacqueline Léonard te vin kite sektè fanm nan. knocxx9e5zmw0keaejb29b2jyy7a42o 889194 889193 2026-10-23T10:51:48Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == Jacqueline Léonard te vin manm sendika CGT a nan lane 1964 apresa li te vin okipe yon pòs kòm reprezantan anplwaye nan lane 1971. Pandan peryòd sa, manm sendika yo t ap chèche fanm nan mouvman an ki pou fè pati kad yo. Sa te pèmèt yo te akeyil byen rapid nan sekretarya sendika depatmantal Oise la nan lane 1973. Na menm epòk sa a, li te resevwa fòmasyon nan men yon seri militan ki gen anpil eksperyans nan domèn nan tankou [[Jean Pitkevicht]] ak [[Francis Pen]], e li te vin pwòch yo tou. sa te ede l vin okipe pozisyon sekretè jeneral sendika depatmantal Oise la an 1980.<ref name=":2" />. Nan menm peryòd sa tou, li te rive enplike l epi patisipe nan aktivite [[:fr:Parti_communiste_français|Parti communiste français (PCF)]] a kòm youn nan nouvo manm komite federal la. === Sekretarya ki responsab kòz fanm yo (1982-1989) === Nan lane 1982, Jacqueline Léonard te vin ranplase Christiane Gilles nan biwo konfederal la nan pozisyon sekretè responsab kòz fanm yo. Depi le li entegre biwo konfederasyon an magazin <nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Antoinette</i></nowiki> la te vin pèdi nan popilarite l, editè an chèf li a vin pedi pozisyon li pou move konduit grav, epi sa te vin lakoz tou sekretè depatmantal Rhône nan, Georgette Vacher , touye tèt li. Daprè jounal ''Le Monde'', bès nan lavant ''Antoinette'' a te vin rive akoz gwo pwoblèm ekonomik nan epòk la. Militan vin pa genyen mwayen pou achte nouvo nimewo nan magazin nan, sa lakoz abonman vin bese epi faktori yo kòmanse fèmen. Rive nan lane 1982, nlavant lan te vin bese a {{Unité|50000}} kopi, konpare ak {{Unité|80000}} nan ane anvan yo. Nan lane 1986, [[Dominique Lacan]], ki se yon jounalis ki t ap travay pou ''jounal Antoinette'', ansanm ak Jacqueline Léonard tou de te vin viktim nan kad yon pwosè pou difamasyon aprè yo te fin pibliye yon temwayaj sou [[Vyolans seksyèl|chantaj seksyèl]] ant de anplwaye nan La Poste nan Bourg-la-Reine. CGT defann anplwaye ki te temwaye a epi, tankou anpil lòt fanm, t ap sibi presyon seksyèl nan travay yo. Jacqueline Léonard ak lòt manm CGT yo sèvi ak pwosè a pou montre kijan sitiyasyon sa toujou ap repete epi mande rekonesans chantaj seksyèl kòm yon deli. pandan l te nan biwo konfederasyon kom manm te lakòz jounal ''Antoinette'' vin fèmen ansam ak tout sektè fanm konfederasyon an. Rezon ki te lakoz desizyon sa yo, te provoke gwo ajitasyon. anpil konfli anndan CGT a ak PCF epi travayèz yo te vin pèdi motivasyon tou. Aparisyon mouvman [[feminis]] lan nan politik fransè apwòch ki fèt sou kondisyon fanm vin pemet yo gade kondisyon fanm nan selon yon apwòch sosyal. Apati 1985, lidè CGT yo te vin pemet yo pran an kont ni fanm ni gason nan revandikasyon sendikalis yo. Nan lane 1989. Jacqueline Léonard te vin kite sektè fanm nan. === Sekretarya pou Pwoteksyon Sosyal (1990-2001) === aaqty5ee56o7u1g2xuy8n9xlyelyapf 889195 889194 2026-10-23T10:59:41Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == Jacqueline Léonard te vin manm sendika CGT a nan lane 1964 apresa li te vin okipe yon pòs kòm reprezantan anplwaye nan lane 1971. Pandan peryòd sa, manm sendika yo t ap chèche fanm nan mouvman an ki pou fè pati kad yo. Sa te pèmèt yo te akeyil byen rapid nan sekretarya sendika depatmantal Oise la nan lane 1973. Na menm epòk sa a, li te resevwa fòmasyon nan men yon seri militan ki gen anpil eksperyans nan domèn nan tankou [[Jean Pitkevicht]] ak [[Francis Pen]], e li te vin pwòch yo tou. sa te ede l vin okipe pozisyon sekretè jeneral sendika depatmantal Oise la an 1980.<ref name=":2" />. Nan menm peryòd sa tou, li te rive enplike l epi patisipe nan aktivite [[:fr:Parti_communiste_français|Parti communiste français (PCF)]] a kòm youn nan nouvo manm komite federal la. === Sekretarya ki responsab kòz fanm yo (1982-1989) === Nan lane 1982, Jacqueline Léonard te vin ranplase Christiane Gilles nan biwo konfederal la nan pozisyon sekretè responsab kòz fanm yo. Depi le li entegre biwo konfederasyon an magazin <nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Antoinette</i></nowiki> la te vin pèdi nan popilarite l, editè an chèf li a vin pedi pozisyon li pou move konduit grav, epi sa te vin lakoz tou sekretè depatmantal Rhône nan, Georgette Vacher , touye tèt li. Daprè jounal ''Le Monde'', bès nan lavant ''Antoinette'' a te vin rive akoz gwo pwoblèm ekonomik nan epòk la. Militan vin pa genyen mwayen pou achte nouvo nimewo nan magazin nan, sa lakoz abonman vin bese epi faktori yo kòmanse fèmen. Rive nan lane 1982, nlavant lan te vin bese a {{Unité|50000}} kopi, konpare ak {{Unité|80000}} nan ane anvan yo. Nan lane 1986, [[Dominique Lacan]], ki se yon jounalis ki t ap travay pou ''jounal Antoinette'', ansanm ak Jacqueline Léonard tou de te vin viktim nan kad yon pwosè pou difamasyon aprè yo te fin pibliye yon temwayaj sou [[Vyolans seksyèl|chantaj seksyèl]] ant de anplwaye nan La Poste nan Bourg-la-Reine. CGT defann anplwaye ki te temwaye a epi, tankou anpil lòt fanm, t ap sibi presyon seksyèl nan travay yo. Jacqueline Léonard ak lòt manm CGT yo sèvi ak pwosè a pou montre kijan sitiyasyon sa toujou ap repete epi mande rekonesans chantaj seksyèl kòm yon deli. pandan l te nan biwo konfederasyon kom manm te lakòz jounal ''Antoinette'' vin fèmen ansam ak tout sektè fanm konfederasyon an. Rezon ki te lakoz desizyon sa yo, te provoke gwo ajitasyon. anpil konfli anndan CGT a ak PCF epi travayèz yo te vin pèdi motivasyon tou. Aparisyon mouvman [[feminis]] lan nan politik fransè apwòch ki fèt sou kondisyon fanm vin pemet yo gade kondisyon fanm nan selon yon apwòch sosyal. Apati 1985, lidè CGT yo te vin pemet yo pran an kont ni fanm ni gason nan revandikasyon sendikalis yo. Nan lane 1989. Jacqueline Léonard te vin kite sektè fanm nan. === Sekretarya pou Pwoteksyon Sosyal (1990-2001) === Rantre nan lane 1990, li te vin responsab sektè pwoteksyon sosyal la, kote li te jwe wòl sekretè konfederal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vie-publique.fr/discours/229683-conference-de-presse-de-mme-jacqueline-leonard-secretaire-de-la-cgt-su|title=Conférence de presse de Mme Jacqueline Léonard, secrétaire de la CGT|website=Vie Publique|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>.Rive nan fen lane 1990 yo, li te jwenn nominasyon li nan Konsèy Administrasyon [[:fr:Caisse_nationale_de_l'assurance_maladie|Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie]] antanke reprezantan benefisyè sekirite sosyal yo, li te rete nan pos la jiska 2001. Apre sa yo te ranplase li pa [[Annie Dosualdo]], ki te adjwen li anvan sa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sante.gouv.fr/fichiers/bo/2001/01-46/a0463068.htm|title=Arrêté du 31 octobre 2001 portant nomination au conseil d'administration de la Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés|date=15-11-2001|website=Santé.gouv.fr|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Bibliyografi == tst5tt3g3eneb271q0jm0va26k5sy0j 889196 889195 2026-10-23T11:00:21Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == Jacqueline Léonard te vin manm sendika CGT a nan lane 1964 apresa li te vin okipe yon pòs kòm reprezantan anplwaye nan lane 1971. Pandan peryòd sa, manm sendika yo t ap chèche fanm nan mouvman an ki pou fè pati kad yo. Sa te pèmèt yo te akeyil byen rapid nan sekretarya sendika depatmantal Oise la nan lane 1973. Na menm epòk sa a, li te resevwa fòmasyon nan men yon seri militan ki gen anpil eksperyans nan domèn nan tankou [[Jean Pitkevicht]] ak [[Francis Pen]], e li te vin pwòch yo tou. sa te ede l vin okipe pozisyon sekretè jeneral sendika depatmantal Oise la an 1980.<ref name=":2" />. Nan menm peryòd sa tou, li te rive enplike l epi patisipe nan aktivite [[:fr:Parti_communiste_français|Parti communiste français (PCF)]] a kòm youn nan nouvo manm komite federal la. === Sekretarya ki responsab kòz fanm yo (1982-1989) === Nan lane 1982, Jacqueline Léonard te vin ranplase Christiane Gilles nan biwo konfederal la nan pozisyon sekretè responsab kòz fanm yo. Depi le li entegre biwo konfederasyon an magazin <nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Antoinette</i></nowiki> la te vin pèdi nan popilarite l, editè an chèf li a vin pedi pozisyon li pou move konduit grav, epi sa te vin lakoz tou sekretè depatmantal Rhône nan, Georgette Vacher , touye tèt li. Daprè jounal ''Le Monde'', bès nan lavant ''Antoinette'' a te vin rive akoz gwo pwoblèm ekonomik nan epòk la. Militan vin pa genyen mwayen pou achte nouvo nimewo nan magazin nan, sa lakoz abonman vin bese epi faktori yo kòmanse fèmen. Rive nan lane 1982, nlavant lan te vin bese a {{Unité|50000}} kopi, konpare ak {{Unité|80000}} nan ane anvan yo. Nan lane 1986, [[Dominique Lacan]], ki se yon jounalis ki t ap travay pou ''jounal Antoinette'', ansanm ak Jacqueline Léonard tou de te vin viktim nan kad yon pwosè pou difamasyon aprè yo te fin pibliye yon temwayaj sou [[Vyolans seksyèl|chantaj seksyèl]] ant de anplwaye nan La Poste nan Bourg-la-Reine. CGT defann anplwaye ki te temwaye a epi, tankou anpil lòt fanm, t ap sibi presyon seksyèl nan travay yo. Jacqueline Léonard ak lòt manm CGT yo sèvi ak pwosè a pou montre kijan sitiyasyon sa toujou ap repete epi mande rekonesans chantaj seksyèl kòm yon deli. pandan l te nan biwo konfederasyon kom manm te lakòz jounal ''Antoinette'' vin fèmen ansam ak tout sektè fanm konfederasyon an. Rezon ki te lakoz desizyon sa yo, te provoke gwo ajitasyon. anpil konfli anndan CGT a ak PCF epi travayèz yo te vin pèdi motivasyon tou. Aparisyon mouvman [[feminis]] lan nan politik fransè apwòch ki fèt sou kondisyon fanm vin pemet yo gade kondisyon fanm nan selon yon apwòch sosyal. Apati 1985, lidè CGT yo te vin pemet yo pran an kont ni fanm ni gason nan revandikasyon sendikalis yo. Nan lane 1989. Jacqueline Léonard te vin kite sektè fanm nan. === Sekretarya pou Pwoteksyon Sosyal (1990-2001) === Rantre nan lane 1990, li te vin responsab sektè pwoteksyon sosyal la, kote li te jwe wòl sekretè konfederal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vie-publique.fr/discours/229683-conference-de-presse-de-mme-jacqueline-leonard-secretaire-de-la-cgt-su|title=Conférence de presse de Mme Jacqueline Léonard, secrétaire de la CGT|website=Vie Publique|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>.Rive nan fen lane 1990 yo, li te jwenn nominasyon li nan Konsèy Administrasyon [[:fr:Caisse_nationale_de_l'assurance_maladie|Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie]] antanke reprezantan benefisyè sekirite sosyal yo, li te rete nan pos la jiska 2001. Apre sa yo te ranplase li pa [[Annie Dosualdo]], ki te adjwen li anvan sa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sante.gouv.fr/fichiers/bo/2001/01-46/a0463068.htm|title=Arrêté du 31 octobre 2001 portant nomination au conseil d'administration de la Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés|date=15-11-2001|website=Santé.gouv.fr|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Bibliyografi == * Janine Olmi, Oser la parité syndicale : La CGT à l'épreuve des collectifs féminins, L'Harmattan, 2007, 296 p. (ISBN 9782296171152) dztlel2enoddm9gopld5pqef7e75t4z 889197 889196 2026-10-23T11:00:53Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == Jacqueline Léonard te vin manm sendika CGT a nan lane 1964 apresa li te vin okipe yon pòs kòm reprezantan anplwaye nan lane 1971. Pandan peryòd sa, manm sendika yo t ap chèche fanm nan mouvman an ki pou fè pati kad yo. Sa te pèmèt yo te akeyil byen rapid nan sekretarya sendika depatmantal Oise la nan lane 1973. Na menm epòk sa a, li te resevwa fòmasyon nan men yon seri militan ki gen anpil eksperyans nan domèn nan tankou [[Jean Pitkevicht]] ak [[Francis Pen]], e li te vin pwòch yo tou. sa te ede l vin okipe pozisyon sekretè jeneral sendika depatmantal Oise la an 1980.<ref name=":2" />. Nan menm peryòd sa tou, li te rive enplike l epi patisipe nan aktivite [[:fr:Parti_communiste_français|Parti communiste français (PCF)]] a kòm youn nan nouvo manm komite federal la. === Sekretarya ki responsab kòz fanm yo (1982-1989) === Nan lane 1982, Jacqueline Léonard te vin ranplase Christiane Gilles nan biwo konfederal la nan pozisyon sekretè responsab kòz fanm yo. Depi le li entegre biwo konfederasyon an magazin <nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Antoinette</i></nowiki> la te vin pèdi nan popilarite l, editè an chèf li a vin pedi pozisyon li pou move konduit grav, epi sa te vin lakoz tou sekretè depatmantal Rhône nan, Georgette Vacher , touye tèt li. Daprè jounal ''Le Monde'', bès nan lavant ''Antoinette'' a te vin rive akoz gwo pwoblèm ekonomik nan epòk la. Militan vin pa genyen mwayen pou achte nouvo nimewo nan magazin nan, sa lakoz abonman vin bese epi faktori yo kòmanse fèmen. Rive nan lane 1982, nlavant lan te vin bese a {{Unité|50000}} kopi, konpare ak {{Unité|80000}} nan ane anvan yo. Nan lane 1986, [[Dominique Lacan]], ki se yon jounalis ki t ap travay pou ''jounal Antoinette'', ansanm ak Jacqueline Léonard tou de te vin viktim nan kad yon pwosè pou difamasyon aprè yo te fin pibliye yon temwayaj sou [[Vyolans seksyèl|chantaj seksyèl]] ant de anplwaye nan La Poste nan Bourg-la-Reine. CGT defann anplwaye ki te temwaye a epi, tankou anpil lòt fanm, t ap sibi presyon seksyèl nan travay yo. Jacqueline Léonard ak lòt manm CGT yo sèvi ak pwosè a pou montre kijan sitiyasyon sa toujou ap repete epi mande rekonesans chantaj seksyèl kòm yon deli. pandan l te nan biwo konfederasyon kom manm te lakòz jounal ''Antoinette'' vin fèmen ansam ak tout sektè fanm konfederasyon an. Rezon ki te lakoz desizyon sa yo, te provoke gwo ajitasyon. anpil konfli anndan CGT a ak PCF epi travayèz yo te vin pèdi motivasyon tou. Aparisyon mouvman [[feminis]] lan nan politik fransè apwòch ki fèt sou kondisyon fanm vin pemet yo gade kondisyon fanm nan selon yon apwòch sosyal. Apati 1985, lidè CGT yo te vin pemet yo pran an kont ni fanm ni gason nan revandikasyon sendikalis yo. Nan lane 1989. Jacqueline Léonard te vin kite sektè fanm nan. === Sekretarya pou Pwoteksyon Sosyal (1990-2001) === Rantre nan lane 1990, li te vin responsab sektè pwoteksyon sosyal la, kote li te jwe wòl sekretè konfederal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vie-publique.fr/discours/229683-conference-de-presse-de-mme-jacqueline-leonard-secretaire-de-la-cgt-su|title=Conférence de presse de Mme Jacqueline Léonard, secrétaire de la CGT|website=Vie Publique|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>.Rive nan fen lane 1990 yo, li te jwenn nominasyon li nan Konsèy Administrasyon [[:fr:Caisse_nationale_de_l'assurance_maladie|Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie]] antanke reprezantan benefisyè sekirite sosyal yo, li te rete nan pos la jiska 2001. Apre sa yo te ranplase li pa [[Annie Dosualdo]], ki te adjwen li anvan sa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sante.gouv.fr/fichiers/bo/2001/01-46/a0463068.htm|title=Arrêté du 31 octobre 2001 portant nomination au conseil d'administration de la Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés|date=15-11-2001|website=Santé.gouv.fr|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Bibliyografi == * ''Janine Olmi, Oser la parité syndicale : La CGT à l'épreuve des collectifs féminins, L'Harmattan, 2007, 296 p. (ISBN 9782296171152)'' n3fwfp9k3ejbd9c3v80mbvy5250rvod 889198 889197 2026-10-23T11:05:46Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == Jacqueline Léonard te vin manm sendika CGT a nan lane 1964 apresa li te vin okipe yon pòs kòm reprezantan anplwaye nan lane 1971. Pandan peryòd sa, manm sendika yo t ap chèche fanm nan mouvman an ki pou fè pati kad yo. Sa te pèmèt yo te akeyil byen rapid nan sekretarya sendika depatmantal Oise la nan lane 1973. Na menm epòk sa a, li te resevwa fòmasyon nan men yon seri militan ki gen anpil eksperyans nan domèn nan tankou [[Jean Pitkevicht]] ak [[Francis Pen]], e li te vin pwòch yo tou. sa te ede l vin okipe pozisyon sekretè jeneral sendika depatmantal Oise la an 1980.<ref name=":2" />. Nan menm peryòd sa tou, li te rive enplike l epi patisipe nan aktivite [[:fr:Parti_communiste_français|Parti communiste français (PCF)]] a kòm youn nan nouvo manm komite federal la. === Sekretarya ki responsab kòz fanm yo (1982-1989) === Nan lane 1982, Jacqueline Léonard te vin ranplase Christiane Gilles nan biwo konfederal la nan pozisyon sekretè responsab kòz fanm yo. Depi le li entegre biwo konfederasyon an magazin <nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Antoinette</i></nowiki> la te vin pèdi nan popilarite l, editè an chèf li a vin pedi pozisyon li pou move konduit grav, epi sa te vin lakoz tou sekretè depatmantal Rhône nan, Georgette Vacher , touye tèt li. Daprè jounal ''Le Monde'', bès nan lavant ''Antoinette'' a te vin rive akoz gwo pwoblèm ekonomik nan epòk la. Militan vin pa genyen mwayen pou achte nouvo nimewo nan magazin nan, sa lakoz abonman vin bese epi faktori yo kòmanse fèmen. Rive nan lane 1982, nlavant lan te vin bese a {{Unité|50000}} kopi, konpare ak {{Unité|80000}} nan ane anvan yo. Nan lane 1986, [[Dominique Lacan]], ki se yon jounalis ki t ap travay pou ''jounal Antoinette'', ansanm ak Jacqueline Léonard tou de te vin viktim nan kad yon pwosè pou difamasyon aprè yo te fin pibliye yon temwayaj sou [[Vyolans seksyèl|chantaj seksyèl]] ant de anplwaye nan La Poste nan Bourg-la-Reine. CGT defann anplwaye ki te temwaye a epi, tankou anpil lòt fanm, t ap sibi presyon seksyèl nan travay yo. Jacqueline Léonard ak lòt manm CGT yo sèvi ak pwosè a pou montre kijan sitiyasyon sa toujou ap repete epi mande rekonesans chantaj seksyèl kòm yon deli. pandan l te nan biwo konfederasyon kom manm te lakòz jounal ''Antoinette'' vin fèmen ansam ak tout sektè fanm konfederasyon an. Rezon ki te lakoz desizyon sa yo, te provoke gwo ajitasyon. anpil konfli anndan CGT a ak PCF epi travayèz yo te vin pèdi motivasyon tou. Aparisyon mouvman [[feminis]] lan nan politik fransè apwòch ki fèt sou kondisyon fanm vin pemet yo gade kondisyon fanm nan selon yon apwòch sosyal. Apati 1985, lidè CGT yo te vin pemet yo pran an kont ni fanm ni gason nan revandikasyon sendikalis yo. Nan lane 1989. Jacqueline Léonard te vin kite sektè fanm nan. === Sekretarya pou Pwoteksyon Sosyal (1990-2001) === Rantre nan lane 1990, li te vin responsab sektè pwoteksyon sosyal la, kote li te jwe wòl sekretè konfederal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vie-publique.fr/discours/229683-conference-de-presse-de-mme-jacqueline-leonard-secretaire-de-la-cgt-su|title=Conférence de presse de Mme Jacqueline Léonard, secrétaire de la CGT|website=Vie Publique|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>.Rive nan fen lane 1990 yo, li te jwenn nominasyon li nan Konsèy Administrasyon [[:fr:Caisse_nationale_de_l'assurance_maladie|Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie]] antanke reprezantan benefisyè sekirite sosyal yo, li te rete nan pos la jiska 2001. Apre sa yo te ranplase li pa [[Annie Dosualdo]], ki te adjwen li anvan sa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sante.gouv.fr/fichiers/bo/2001/01-46/a0463068.htm|title=Arrêté du 31 octobre 2001 portant nomination au conseil d'administration de la Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés|date=15-11-2001|website=Santé.gouv.fr|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Bibliyografi == * ''Janine Olmi, Oser la parité syndicale : La CGT à l'épreuve des collectifs féminins, L'Harmattan, 2007, 296 p. (ISBN 9782296171152)'' {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Sekirite sosyal]] [[Kategori:Lafrans]] [[Kategori:Sendikalis CGT]] [[Kategori:Militant franse pou dwa fanm]] [[Kategori:Sendikalis franse XXe syek]] [[Kategori:Pati kominis franse]] [[Kategori:Pesonalite]] [[Kategori:Sendikalis feminen]] [[Kategori:Dwa fanm an Frans]] [[Kategori:Dwa fanm]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan l'Oise]] [[Kategori:Nesans an desanm 1945]] m8r48iyw7ztx5tx4himbe1w45d29bji 889199 889198 2026-10-23T11:06:19Z Mee-Rhielle 40739 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240194046|Jacqueline Léonard]] » 889199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biographie2}}'''Jacqueline Léonard''' Fèt nan jou ki te 9 desanm nan lane 1945 ,li se yon lidè sendika Konfederasyon Jeneral Travayè (CGT) epi yon militan pou [[Dwa fanm|dwa fanm yo]]. Li te okipe pozisyon sekretè konfederal ki responsab mendèv fanm sòti 1982 ak 1989. == Biyografi == Jacqueline Léonard fèt nan dat 9 décembre 1945 nan vil Crépy-en-Valois. Li te  pran yon [[:fr:Certificat_d'aptitude_professionnelle|Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP)]] ki te pèmèt li travay kòm yon anplwaye biwo epi pèmèt li kòmanse travay nan izin metalijik Poclain an 1962. Li marye epi li se manman de pitit fi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://vendee2.pcf.fr/taxonomy/term/2966/34204?page=137|title=Hommage de Jacqueline Léonard, ancienne secrétaire confédérale de la CGT - Bourse du travail départementale à Creil, 3 juillet 2023|last=Jacqueline Léonard|date=2023|website=Vendée 2 - PCF|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Sendikalism == Jacqueline Léonard te vin manm sendika CGT a nan lane 1964 apresa li te vin okipe yon pòs kòm reprezantan anplwaye nan lane 1971. Pandan peryòd sa, manm sendika yo t ap chèche fanm nan mouvman an ki pou fè pati kad yo. Sa te pèmèt yo te akeyil byen rapid nan sekretarya sendika depatmantal Oise la nan lane 1973. Na menm epòk sa a, li te resevwa fòmasyon nan men yon seri militan ki gen anpil eksperyans nan domèn nan tankou [[Jean Pitkevicht]] ak [[Francis Pen]], e li te vin pwòch yo tou. sa te ede l vin okipe pozisyon sekretè jeneral sendika depatmantal Oise la an 1980.<ref name=":2" />. Nan menm peryòd sa tou, li te rive enplike l epi patisipe nan aktivite [[:fr:Parti_communiste_français|Parti communiste français (PCF)]] a kòm youn nan nouvo manm komite federal la. === Sekretarya ki responsab kòz fanm yo (1982-1989) === Nan lane 1982, Jacqueline Léonard te vin ranplase Christiane Gilles nan biwo konfederal la nan pozisyon sekretè responsab kòz fanm yo. Depi le li entegre biwo konfederasyon an magazin <nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Antoinette</i></nowiki> la te vin pèdi nan popilarite l, editè an chèf li a vin pedi pozisyon li pou move konduit grav, epi sa te vin lakoz tou sekretè depatmantal Rhône nan, Georgette Vacher , touye tèt li. Daprè jounal ''Le Monde'', bès nan lavant ''Antoinette'' a te vin rive akoz gwo pwoblèm ekonomik nan epòk la. Militan vin pa genyen mwayen pou achte nouvo nimewo nan magazin nan, sa lakoz abonman vin bese epi faktori yo kòmanse fèmen. Rive nan lane 1982, nlavant lan te vin bese a {{Unité|50000}} kopi, konpare ak {{Unité|80000}} nan ane anvan yo. Nan lane 1986, [[Dominique Lacan]], ki se yon jounalis ki t ap travay pou ''jounal Antoinette'', ansanm ak Jacqueline Léonard tou de te vin viktim nan kad yon pwosè pou difamasyon aprè yo te fin pibliye yon temwayaj sou [[Vyolans seksyèl|chantaj seksyèl]] ant de anplwaye nan La Poste nan Bourg-la-Reine. CGT defann anplwaye ki te temwaye a epi, tankou anpil lòt fanm, t ap sibi presyon seksyèl nan travay yo. Jacqueline Léonard ak lòt manm CGT yo sèvi ak pwosè a pou montre kijan sitiyasyon sa toujou ap repete epi mande rekonesans chantaj seksyèl kòm yon deli. pandan l te nan biwo konfederasyon kom manm te lakòz jounal ''Antoinette'' vin fèmen ansam ak tout sektè fanm konfederasyon an. Rezon ki te lakoz desizyon sa yo, te provoke gwo ajitasyon. anpil konfli anndan CGT a ak PCF epi travayèz yo te vin pèdi motivasyon tou. Aparisyon mouvman [[feminis]] lan nan politik fransè apwòch ki fèt sou kondisyon fanm vin pemet yo gade kondisyon fanm nan selon yon apwòch sosyal. Apati 1985, lidè CGT yo te vin pemet yo pran an kont ni fanm ni gason nan revandikasyon sendikalis yo. Nan lane 1989. Jacqueline Léonard te vin kite sektè fanm nan. === Sekretarya pou Pwoteksyon Sosyal (1990-2001) === Rantre nan lane 1990, li te vin responsab sektè pwoteksyon sosyal la, kote li te jwe wòl sekretè konfederal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vie-publique.fr/discours/229683-conference-de-presse-de-mme-jacqueline-leonard-secretaire-de-la-cgt-su|title=Conférence de presse de Mme Jacqueline Léonard, secrétaire de la CGT|website=Vie Publique|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>.Rive nan fen lane 1990 yo, li te jwenn nominasyon li nan Konsèy Administrasyon [[:fr:Caisse_nationale_de_l'assurance_maladie|Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie]] antanke reprezantan benefisyè sekirite sosyal yo, li te rete nan pos la jiska 2001. Apre sa yo te ranplase li pa [[Annie Dosualdo]], ki te adjwen li anvan sa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sante.gouv.fr/fichiers/bo/2001/01-46/a0463068.htm|title=Arrêté du 31 octobre 2001 portant nomination au conseil d'administration de la Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés|date=15-11-2001|website=Santé.gouv.fr|access-date=04-10-2026}}</ref>. == Bibliyografi == * ''Janine Olmi, Oser la parité syndicale : La CGT à l'épreuve des collectifs féminins, L'Harmattan, 2007, 296 p. (ISBN 9782296171152)'' == Referans == {{Referans}} [[Kategori:Sekirite sosyal]] [[Kategori:Lafrans]] [[Kategori:Sendikalis CGT]] [[Kategori:Militant franse pou dwa fanm]] [[Kategori:Sendikalis franse XXe syek]] [[Kategori:Pati kominis franse]] [[Kategori:Pesonalite]] [[Kategori:Sendikalis feminen]] [[Kategori:Dwa fanm an Frans]] [[Kategori:Dwa fanm]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan l'Oise]] [[Kategori:Nesans an desanm 1945]] id9qwp1rke00nigw33b9eo64hvxcf3h